Chem 312.

Instrumentation
Quiz no. 1

I. Essay. Answer the following questions briefly in one to two sentences.

1. What is analytical chemistry?

2. Distinguish between qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis.
3. What is a blank?
4. What is a calibration curve?
5. What is quality assurance? Quality control?
6. What is a transducer in an analytical instrument?
7. What is a figure of merit?

II. Problem solving

1. The following is a list of common errors encountered in research laboratories. Categorize each as a determinate or an indeterminate
error, and further categorize determinate errors as instrumental, operative, or methodological: (a) An unknown being weighed is
hygroscopic. (b) One component of a mixture being determined quantitatively by gas chromatography reacts with the column packing. (c)
A radioactive sample being counted repeatedly without any change in conditions yields a slightly different count at each trial. (d) The tip of
the pipet used in the analysis is broken.

2. A calibration curve for the colorimetric determination of phosphorous in urine is prepared by reacting standard solutions of phosphate
with molybdenum(VI) and reducing the phosphomolybdic acid complex to produce the characteristic blue color. The measured
absorbance A is plotted against the concentration of phosphorous. From the following data, determine the linear least-squares line
equation, calibration sensitivity, and analytical sensitivity and calculate the phosphorous concentration in the urine sample:

3. The method of standard additions was used to determine nitrite in a soil sample. A 1.00-mL portion of the sample was mixed with 24.00
mL of a colorimetric reagent, and the nitrite was converted to a colored product that produced a blank-corrected absorbance of 0.300. To
50.00 mL of the original sample, 1.00 mL of a standard solution of 1.00x 10 -3 M nitrite was added. The same color-forming procedure was
followed, and the new absorbance was 0.530. What was the concentration of nitrite in the original undiluted sample?

Chem 312. Instrumentation

Quiz no. 1

I. Essay. Answer the following questions briefly in one to two sentences.

1. What is analytical chemistry?

2. Distinguish between qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis.
3. What is a blank?
4. What is a calibration curve?
5. What is quality assurance? Quality control?
6. What is a transducer in an analytical instrument?
7. What is a figure of merit?

II. Problem solving

1. The following is a list of common errors encountered in research laboratories. Categorize each as a determinate or an indeterminate
error, and further categorize determinate errors as instrumental, operative, or methodological: (a) An unknown being weighed is
hygroscopic. (b) One component of a mixture being determined quantitatively by gas chromatography reacts with the column packing. (c)
A radioactive sample being counted repeatedly without any change in conditions yields a slightly different count at each trial. (d) The tip of
the pipet used in the analysis is broken.

2. A calibration curve for the colorimetric determination of phosphorous in urine is prepared by reacting standard solutions of phosphate
with molybdenum(VI) and reducing the phosphomolybdic acid complex to produce the characteristic blue color. The measured
absorbance A is plotted against the concentration of phosphorous. From the following data, determine the linear least-squares line
equation, calibration sensitivity, and analytical sensitivity and calculate the phosphorous concentration in the urine sample:

3. The method of standard additions was used to determine nitrite in a soil sample. A 1.00-mL portion of the sample was mixed with 24.00
mL of a colorimetric reagent, and the nitrite was converted to a colored product that produced a blank-corrected absorbance of 0.300. To
50.00 mL of the original sample, 1.00 mL of a standard solution of 1.00x 10 -3 M nitrite was added. The same color-forming procedure was
followed, and the new absorbance was 0.530. What was the concentration of nitrite in the original undiluted sample?