THE RELATIONSHIP OF DEPRESSION DISORDERS AND DEVELOPMENT

COMMUNICATION MODELS

Andi Sayyed Arham Putra Daeng Nyonri1, Junuda RAF2

1
Professional Doctoral Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Halu Oleo University
2
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Halu Oleo University
Corresponding Author E-mail: andisayyed@gmail.com

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Gangguan jiwa depresi menjadi menarik untuk dibahas dalam penelitian ini
dibalik karena merupakan gangguan ketidakstabilan emosi, yang mampu merusak citra diri bagi
penderita. Depresi dengan model komunikasi pembangunan masih sangat jarang dilakukkan
sehingga penting untuk menggali informasi hubungan gangguan penyakit depresi terhadap
model komunikasi pembangunan. Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi
pustaka. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan hasil penelitian yang relevan dengan topik
yang menjadi objek penelitian. Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa
gangguan jiwa depresi berhubungan dengan model komunikasi pembangunan. Kesimpulan:
Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara gangguan jiwa depresi dengan
model komunikasi pembangunan. Saran : Penelitian selanjtunya diharapkan dapat meneliti dan
mengkaji lebih dalam dan menggunakan metode penelitian yang berbeda pada hubungan
gangguan jiwa depresi dengan model komunikasi pembangunan.
Kata Kunci : Mood depresi, model komunikasi pembangunan

ABSTRACT

Background: Depressive mental disorders are interesting to be discussed in this study because
they are reversed because it is an emotional instability disorder, which can damage self-image
for sufferers. Depression with developmental communication model is still very rarely done, so
it is important to explore the relationship between depressive disorder and developmental
communication model. Methods: The research method used is literature study. The research
was conducted by collecting research results that were relevant to the topic being the object of
research. Results: Based on the results of the study, it showed that depressive mental disorders
were associated with developmental communication models. Conclusion: Based on the data
obtained, it can be concluded that the development communication model can reduce the level
of risk of depression. Suggestion: Future research is expected to be able to examine and examine
more deeply and use different research methods on the relationship between depression mental
disorders and developmental communication models.
Keywords: Depressed mood, developmental communication model

PRELIMINARY depression in women after puberty,

The prevalence of depression
sufferers in Indonesia is estimated at
2.5-9 million out of 210 million
people. At the time after puberty the
risk for depression increases 2-4-fold,
with a 20% incidence at the age of 18
years. The gender ratio as a child is
1:1, with an increased risk of
bringing the male-to-female ratio to
1:2. This is related to high levels of
anxiety in women, changes in
estradiol and testosterone at puberty,
or socio-cultural problems related to
adult development in women (Ryan,
2020). The Sample Registration
System conducted by the Research

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and Development Agency in 2016
obtained data on suicide per year as
many as 1,800 people or every day
there are 5 people committing suicide,
and 47.7% of suicide victims are aged
10-39 years who are teenagers and
young adults. productive (Kemenkes
RI, 2021).
Many factors cause people
with depression to experience this
condition, both biological and
environmental factors that influence
the condition of individuals with
depression, however, genetics plays a
bigger role than they do with unipolar
depression. Based on this view,
genetic factors can influence if a child
is born to one or both parents who
suffer from depression, so that the
child has a risk of experiencing the
same disorder. Environmental
factors, such as family, can be a
strong factor in influencing the
condition of individuals with
depressive disorders (Widianti et al.,
2021).
Based on the statement
regarding the relationship between
depressive disorder, it is very closely
related to community and family
environmental factors, in addition to
genetic factors, it cannot be excluded,
but discussions related to depression
with development communication
models are still very rarely carried
out, so it is important to explore
information on the relationship
between depressive disorders and
communication models.
development.
DEFINITION
According to the PPDGJ-III
Brief Reference, depression is an
affective disorder characterized by a
variety of main symptoms, including
feelings of depression or depression;
loss of interest and enthusiasm;
reduced energy leading to increased
fatigue and decreased activity. In
addition, depression also has other
symptoms such as reduced
concentration and attention; reduced
self-esteem and self-confidence; the
emergence of feelings of guilt and
worthlessness; gloomy and
pessimistic outlook on the future; do
or think about actions that endanger
themselves and even commit suicide;
disturbed sleep; and decreased
appetite (Bubun, 2018).
EPIDEMIOLOGY
At the time after puberty the
risk for depression increases 2-4-fold,
with a 20% incidence at the age of 18
years. The gender ratio as a child is
1:1, with an increased risk of
depression in women after puberty,
bringing the male-female ratio to 1:2.
This is related to high levels of
anxiety in women, changes in
estradiol and testosterone at puberty,
or socio-cultural problems related to
adult development in women (Ryan,
2020).
Depression often occurs in
women aged 25-44 years, and peaks
during pregnancy. Social factors such
as stress from family and work
problems. This is because life
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expectancy in women is higher, the There are several types of
death of a spouse may also lead to psychotherapy that can be done to
higher rates for older women treat depression, namely: (1)
experiencing depression. Interpersonal therapy, (2) Cognitive
behavioral therapy, (3)
ETIOLOGY Psychoeducation
Pharmacotherapy
Depression is caused by a
The main drugs given to patients with
combination of many factors. As for
depression are antidepressants. Anti-
biological factors, congenital or
depressant medications are generally
hereditary factors, development-
given for 6-12 weeks. The most
related factors such as the loss of a
important factor in choosing an
parent since childhood, psychosocial
antidepressant is the effectiveness and
factors, and environmental factors,
tolerance of the patient to the drug
which become a single unit lead to
(Darmawan, 2021).
depression (Ryan, 2020).
THE RELATIONSHIP OF
CLASSIFICATION OF
DEPRESSION DISORDERS AND
DEPRESSION
DEVELOPMENT
According to PPDGJ III, the COMMUNICATION MODELS
criteria for the diagnosis of a
The development
depressive episode (F32) are as
communication model is defined
follows (Ryan, 2020): Main
simply as the process of delivering
symptoms (mild, moderate, and
messages from one person to another.
severe): (1) Depressed affect, (2) Loss
Theoretically, an understanding of the
of interest and joy, (3) Decreased
social environment can be interpreted
energy leading to increased fatigue (a
as an effort or a series of actions for
real sense of tiredness after a little
planning, implementing,
work) and decreased activity; Other
controlling/supervising, and
symptoms: (1) Decreased
evaluating communicative nature. In
concentration and attention, (2)
this case, there are a number of things
Decreased self-esteem and self-
that need to be considered, namely:
confidence, (3) Ideas of guilt and
(1) social resilience (local social
worthlessness, (4) A gloomy and
support and capacity); (2) the state of
pessimistic view of the future, (5)
the ecosystem; (3) spatial layout; (4)
Disappointing ideas or actions. self-
local social quality (objective and
harm or suicide, (6) disturbed sleep.
subjective qualities); (5) social
THERAPY resources (potential) and community
restrictions (social taboos) (in the
Psychotherapy form of institutions, environmental

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knowledge, and environmental
ethics); and (6) conformity with the
principles, objectives and targets of
environmental management (Aminah
et al., 2019).
Participatory development
communication must ensure the
realization of mutual cooperation at
every level of participation. This
means that each party must try to
respect and respect the opinions and
attitudes of others and have a sense of
mutual trust. Participatory
communication focuses more on
creating shared meaning, which
focuses on reaching an understanding
or agreement. Community
participation in development
communication is interpreted as a
process of exchanging messages
between the community and the
government related to the
development process (Muchtar,
2016).
Research conducted by
Herdiyanto, Tobing, and Vembriat
(2017) illustrates that the stigma
received by People with Mental
Disorders (ODGJ) and their family
members affects the medical actions
taken to restore the condition of
ODGJ. Another impact of this stigma,
ODGJ must face health and socio-
cultural consequences, such as
inadequate treatment, drug
withdrawal, shackles, and contrasting
understandings of mental disorders
(Ratna et al., 2020).
A study conducted by
Muvuka et al. in 2018 showed that
carrying out a development
communication model regarding
knowledge of the conditions and
symptoms of depressive mental
disorders with people who experience
depression will reduce stigma,
thereby reducing the level of
depressive symptoms in that
community. A study also conducted
by Kathleen et al. in 2021
demonstrated that anticipating
developmental communication
focused on education around maternal
depression and infant developmental
milestones with appropriate
technology and coaching structures,
mothers who received interventions
regarding their depressive state would
experience greater reductions in their
depressive states and gains in parents
practice sensitive and responsive and
that their infants will show greater
gains in socio-emotional behavior and
social communication.
CLOSING
Conclusion
This study shows that there is
a relationship between depressive
mental disorders and developmental
communication models.
Suggestion
For further researchers, it is
hoped that they can examine or
examine more deeply individual
characteristics regarding gender, age,
ethnicity, income, place of residence,
level of education and marriage as
well as other aspects in society that
can affect the occurrence of
4
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a Health Communication
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