Dawla Bangla Draft

0
Bmjvgx ivóª
kvqL ZvKxDwÏb Avb&-bvevnvbx

1
f~wgKvt
eZ©gvb cÖRb¥ †mB Bmjvgx iv‡óªi ¯§iY †_‡K we¯§„Z n‡q‡Q, hv mwZ¨Kvi fv‡e Bmjvg Kv‡qg K‡iwQj| Avi
Bmjvgx iv‡óªi (Dmgvbx wLjvdZ) mgvcbx eQi ¸‡jv‡Z hviv GLv‡b emevm K‡i‡Q, hLb cwðgv wek¦ G iv‡óªi
wei“‡× mev©Z¥K hy× †Nvlbv K‡i, Zviv g~jZt GKwU ¶‡q hvIqv aŸs‡mv¤§yL ivóª eë¯’vi mv¶x †hLv‡b Bmjvgx
wewaweav‡bi Lye ¶z`ª GKwU AskB Kvh©Ki wQj| ZvB AvR AwaKvsk gymwjg‡ì c‡¶B Bmjvgx kvmb-eë¯’vi
mwZ¨Kv‡ii ¯îƒc wbb©q Kiv LyeB KwVb| mg¯— gymwjg RvwZi gbgMR AvR eZ©gv‡b weivRgvb cwiw¯’wZi
†eovRv‡j e›`x| Avi ZvB, ivóª-eë¯’v ej‡Z †KejB Zv‡ì gvbmc‡U †f‡m D‡V bxwZ weewR©Z nxb MYZvwš¿K
eë¯’vi ¯îƒc, hv g~jZt gymwjg‡ì Dci †Rvic~e©K Pvcv‡bv n‡qwQj|
e¯‘Zt gymwjg RvwZi GB `~f©vM¨RbK Aa¨v‡qi GwUB GKgvÎ mgm¨vhy³ w`K bq| eis Gi PvB‡ZI KwVbZg
mgm¨v n‡jv ‡mBme gymwjg‡ì gb-gvbwmKZvi Avg~j cwieZ©b NUv‡bv, hv cwðgv ms¯‹wZi… †gv‡n Avweó|
Avi cwðgv ms¯‹„wZ n‡”Q cwðgv wek¦ KZ…©K cÖ‡qvMKZ… Ggb GK A¯¿, hv Øviv Zviv Bmjvgx ivóª-
eë¯’v‡K K‡i‡Q fqsKi fv‡e i³v³ Avi ¶Zwe¶Z| Zvici †mB i³v³ LÄi nv‡Z Mwe©Z fw½gvq G iv‡óªi mšvb‡ì—
†W‡K e‡j‡Q, ÔÔAvwg †Zvgv‡ì i“Mœ Rbbx‡K nZ¨v K‡iwQ| hvi eë¯’vcbv Avi AwffveKZ¡ AwZkq `~e©j,
Zvi‡Zv wbnZ nIqvB DwPZ| GQvov Avwg †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ msiw¶Z K‡iwQ Ggb GK Rxeb aviv, †hLv‡b †Zvgiv
cv‡e myL Avi mg„w×i bvMvj|ÕÕ Zvici Zviv †mB `~f©vMv Rbbxi mšvb‡ì— DØy× K‡i‡Q †mBme Lybx‡ì
mv‡_ nvZ wgjv‡Z hv‡ì LÄi ZLbI wQj Zv‡ì Rbbxi i‡³ iwÄZ| G †hb wnsmª nv‡qbvi BwáZ wkKv‡ii mv‡_ AvPib
m`„k| wkKvi †hLv‡b wbðj, nZwenej Avi wKsKZ©e¨weg~p| GK cÖPÛ i³¶qx AvNvZ wKsev †fv‡Ri Rb¨ †Kvb
DcZ¨Kvi cv`cÖv‡š— ‡U‡b wnPu‡o wb‡q hvevi c~e ch©š— ‡m †hb †PZbvq wd‡i Av‡m bv|
myZivs wKfv‡e GBme †gvnvweó nZwenej gvby‡liv Abyfe Ki‡e, †h welv³ LÄi Zv‡ì Rbbx‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q, †mB
GKB gvibv‡¯¿i gy‡L AvR Zv‡ì Aw¯Z¡I— wecbœ| GB GKB A¯¿ Zv‡ì RxebI bvk Ki‡e hw` bv Zviv Gi †_‡K
wb‡R‡ì gy³ Ki‡Z cv‡i| RvZxqZvev`, ag©wbi‡c¶Zv (ag©‡K ivóª †_‡K c„_K Kiv) mn Av‡iv A‡bK Bmjvg
we‡ivax a¨vb avibv hv AvR gymwjgiv e‡q †eov‡”Q, GmeB n‡”Q welv³ Mij hv cwðgv ms¯‹wZ… gymwjg‡ì
agbx‡Z cÖevwnZ K‡i‡Q| GB eB‡qi wgkbvix‡ì AvMÖvmb m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvwPZ Aa¨v‡q Dchy³ Z_¨ cÖgvb mn G
mKj nZ¨vKvix‡ì cÖKZ… D‡Ïk¨, Zv‡ì Aciv‡ai †cQ‡bi Kvib Ges D‡Ïk¨ mva‡b M„nxZ c×wZ I
Dcvq DcKib m¤ú‡K© we¯vwiZ— Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| e¯‘Zt Zv‡ì mKj Kvh©µ‡gi GK Ges GKgvÎ D‡Ïk¨ wQj
Bmjvg‡K GB c„w_exi eyK †_‡K wPiZ‡i wbwðý K‡i †djv| Avi G j‡¶¨ Zv‡ì mePvB‡Z Kvh©Kix A¯¿ wQj cwðgv
we‡k¦i ms¯‹wZ,… hv Zviv XvjvI fv‡e cÖPvi K‡iwQj Ges Gi d‡j gymwjgiv µgkt cwiYZ n‡qwQj Zv‡ì †¯^”Qv
cÖ‡bvw`Z wkKv‡i|
gymwjg Rb‡Mvwô wfbœagx© G ms¯‹wZi… m¤¢ve¨ wec` m¤ú‡K© wQj m¤ú~b© AÁ| ZvB hwÌ Zviv GKw`‡K
cwðgv‡ì mvgwiK AvMÖvm‡bi wei“‡× cÖwZ‡iva hy× M‡o Zz‡jwQj, wKš‘ Aciw`‡K Zv‡ì ms¯‹„wZ‡KB mv`‡i
eiY K‡i wb‡qwQj, hv wQj cwðgv‡ì `Lj`vwiZ¡ †kKo †M‡o emvi g~j Kvib| wbg©g ev¯eZv— n‡jv, gymwjgiv
†KvbI Mfxi chv©‡jvPbv ev hyw³ cÖgvb QvovB we‡`kx‡ì c„ô cÖ`k©b K‡iwQj I Zv‡ì `Lj`vwi‡Z¡i wei“‡× hy×
K‡i hvw”Qj Ges GKB mv‡_ Zv‡ì Avwj½b Ki‡ZB wbR evû Db¥y³ K‡i w`‡qwQj, cvb KiwQj Zv‡ìB GwM‡q
†`qv we‡li †cqvjv †_‡K †h ch©š— bv Zviv cÖvYnxb, wbRx©e Avi wQbœwfbœ n‡q c‡o| †KD †KD nq‡Zv †f‡e
_vK‡e, G^meB n‡”Q hy‡×i ¯^fve myjf aŸsmvZ¥K djvdj, wKš‘ ev¯eZv— n‡”Q gymwjgiv wQj AÁvbZv Avi åvš
— wb‡`©kbvi Amnvq wkKvi|
wKš‘ cÖkœ n‡jv, Avm‡j gymwjgiv wK †P‡qwQj? Zviv wK †P‡qwQj Ggb GKwU ivóª hvi wfwË n‡e Bmjvg
Qvov Ab¨ wKQy? bvwK Zviv †P‡qwQj gymwjg f~L‡Û eû msL¨K iv‡óªi Dcw¯’wZ? cwðgv wek¦ gymwjg f~L‡Û
kvmb KZ©‡Z¡i… AwaKvix nevi ci, BwZg‡a¨B gymwjg‡ì Dcnvi w`‡q‡Q A‡bK ¸wj ivóª| Zvici G ivóª¸‡jvi
miKvi‡K cÖKZ… Bmjvg †_‡K `~‡i mwi‡q, gymwjg f~LÛ ¸‡jv‡K L‡Û L‡Û wef³ K‡i Ges m‡e©vcwi Bmjvgx
kvmb‡K cÖ‡qvRbnxbZvq ch©ewmZ K‡i Zviv Zv‡ì cwiKíbvi P~ovš— ev¯e— iƒc `vb K‡i‡Q| Gfv‡e hZB mgq
†h‡Z _v‡K, Zviv gymwjg we‡k¦ ‰Zix Ki‡Z _v‡K bZzb bZzb ivóª | Ges G cÖwµqv Pj‡ZB _vK‡e hZw`b ch©š—
gymwjgiv Zv‡ì cÖ¯vweZ— bxwZ Ges a¨vb-avibvi Dci cÖwZwôZ _vK‡e|
e¯‘Zt GLv‡b g~j welq eû msL¨K ivóª bq eis mg¯— gymwjg we‡k¦ GKwU GKK ivóª cÖwZôv Kiv| Avevi ïaygvÎ
GKwU ivóª cÖwZôv KivI bq, Ges bq cÖwZôv Kiv GKwU bvg me©¯^ Bmjvgx ivóª - hvi kvmb eë¯’v
AvjvnZvqvjvi bvwRjKZ… weavb Abyhvqx cwiPvwjZ bq| wKsev Ggb GKwU ivóª cÖwZôv KivI bq, hv Bmjvgx
wewaweavb ev¯evqb— K‡i wKš‘ GKwU eyw×e„wËK ewjô Bmjvgx †bZZ¡… QvovB hv mg¯— we‡k¦ Bmjv‡gi
evZ©v †cŠu‡Q †`‡e| eis mePvB‡Z ¸i“Z¡c~Y© KvR n‡”Q, Ggb GKwU GKK ivóª ivóª cÖwZôv Kiv hv Bmjvgx
AvKx`vi (wek¦vm)
2
wfwË‡Z cybivq wdwi‡q wb‡q Avm‡e Bmjvgx Rxeb-eë¯’v, gvby‡li ü`q Ges gvbwlKZvi Mfx‡i Bmjvg †cÖvw_Z
K‡i mgv‡Ri me©¯‡i— cÖwZwôZ Ki‡e Bmjvg, G we‡k¦i cÖwZwU cÖv‡š— †cŠu‡Q †`‡e Bmjv‡gi Avnevb|
Bmjvgx ivóª †KvbI ¯^cœ bq, bq GUv KviI gMR cÖm~Z AvKvk Kzmyg Kíbv| eis GUv Ggb GK ivó-eë¯’v, hv
c„w_ex kvmb K‡i‡Q `vc‡Ui mv‡_ Avi `xN© ‡ZikZ eQi a‡i cÖfvweZ K‡i‡Q G we‡k¦i BwZnvm| GUv Ggb GK
ev¯eZv,— hv me mgq wQj Ges _vK‡e| Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Aw¯Z¡— cÖgv‡bi Acwinvh© Dcv`vb¸‡jv †KvbI e¨w³ ev
Ab¨ †KvbwKQyi D‡c¶v A_ev Avµg‡bi eû E‡aŸ©| Av‡jvwKZ gvby‡liv GUv‡K Zv‡ì Rxe‡b ev¯evwqZ—
K‡i‡Q Ges mg¯— gymwjg D¤§vn& Aaxi AvMÖ‡n A‡c¶v Ki‡Q †mw`‡bi, †hw`b wd‡i Avm‡e Bmjv‡gi †mB
nviv‡bv †MŠiegwÛZ Aa¨vq| Bmjvgx ivóª †KvbI e¨w³i Avcb †Lqv‡ji Awfjvl bq eis GUv AvjvnZvqvjvi c¶ n‡Z
gymwjg‡ì Dci Awc©Z `vwqZ¡, hv cvj‡b Zviv A½xKvive×| G `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b Ae‡njvKvix‡ì Rb¨ A‡c¶v Ki‡Q
kvw¯|— Avi hviv wbôvi mv‡_ cvjb Ki‡e G `vwqZ¡, Zv‡ì Rb¨ i‡q‡Q cÖwZkÖ“Z DËg cyi¯‹vi|
wKfv‡e GB gymwjg D¤§vn& Zv‡ì i‡ei mš‘wó AR©b Ki‡e, hw` bv Zv‡ì iv‡óª m¤§vb I ghv©`v bv AvjvnZv-
qvjv, bv Zvui ivmyj(mvt), bv Cgvb`vi‡ì Rb¨ wbw`©ó nq? wKfv‡e Zviv Zvui kvw¯— †_‡K wb‡R‡ì i¶v Ki‡e hw`
bv Zviv Ggb GKwU ivóª cÖwZôv K‡i, hv cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡e Gi mvgwiK kw³, i¶v Ki‡e Gi mxgvbv, ev¯—evwqZ Ki‡e
Avjvn& cÖ`Ë AvBb Kvbyb Ges kvmb Ki‡e Avjvni bvwRjKZ… weavb Abyhvqx? myZivs, gymwjg‡ì Aek¨B
Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZôv Ki‡Z n‡e, Kvib Bmjvgx ivóª e¨ZxZ Øxb Bmjvg cÖfvekvjx Aw¯Z¡— wnmv‡e AvZ¥cÖKvk
Ki‡e bv Ges Zv‡ì f~LÛ KL‡bvB `vi-Dj-Bmjvg wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e bv, hw` bv Zv kvwmZ nq Avjvni
bvwRjKZ… weavb Abyhvqx|
Bmjvgx ivóª †KvbI Ae¯’v‡ZB GKwU mnRjä cÖ‡Póv bq| ZvB G ivóª cÖwZôvi e¨vcviwU myweavev`x‡ì g‡b
R¡vjvq bv wg_¨v Avkvi Av‡jv (ivóª ¶gZvq Av‡ivnb KivB hv‡ì cªKZ… D‡Ïk¨)| cÖ‡Póvi G c‡_ weQv‡bv i‡q‡Q
K›UK, A‡c¶v Ki‡Q fqven wec`, i‡q‡Q kZ evuav Ges KwVb Kó| GQvov Bmjvg ewn©f~Z ms¯‹wZ,… AMfxi
wPšvaviv— Ges cwðgv we‡k¦i Zvu‡e`vi kvmb-eë¯’v hv ‰Zix K‡i‡Q j¶¨ AR©‡b fqsKi evuav, G¸‡jvi K_v ejvB
evûj¨| Bmjvgx ivóª c~b©MV‡b hviv mwZ¨Kvi fv‡e G Avnev‡bi c‡_ cv evwo‡q‡Q, Zv‡ì j¶¨ nIqv DwPZ Ggb GK
kvmb eë¯’v hv gymwjg f~LÛ ¸‡jv‡Z Avevi wdwi‡q wb‡q Avm‡e Bmjvgx Rxeb eë¯’v Ges Bmjv‡gi evZ©v
†cŠu‡Q †`‡e mg¯— we‡k¦| Avi GRb¨B Zviv kZ cÖ‡jvf‡bi ciI cÖZ¨vLvb Ki‡e Ab¨ KviI mv‡_ ¶gZvi Askx`vwiZ¡ |
ZZ¶b ch©š— Zviv ivóª ¶gZvq Av‡ivnbI Ki‡e bv, hZ¶b ch©š— bv Zviv Bmjvg‡K †gŠwjK, Zvr¶wbK Ges
me©‡Zv fv‡e cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡i|
cwi‡k‡l GUv ejv hvq †h, Bmjvgx ivóª m¤ú©wKZ GB eBwUi D‡Ïk¨ bq G iv‡óªi AZxZ BwZnvm eY©bv Kiv| eis,
Avjvni ivmyj(mvt) wKfv‡e Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZôv K‡iwQ‡jb Ges Awek¦vmx mvgªvRëv`xiv wKfv‡e GUv‡K
aŸsm K‡iwQj,Zv e¨vL¨v KivB Gi g~j D‡Ïk¨| GB eBwU cwi¯‹vi fv‡e eY©bv K‡i‡Q gymwjg Rb‡Mvwô wKfv‡e
Zv‡ì ivóª cybtcÖwZôv Ki‡e, †hb †h Av‡jv MfxiZg AÜKv‡i GKmgq Zver wek¦‡K c_cÖ`©kb K‡iwQj, †mB GKB
Av‡jv †hb cÖZ¨vewZ©Z nq AveviI mgMÖ gvbeZv‡K Av‡jvwKZ Ki‡Z|
ïi“i K_vt
ivmyj wnmv‡e `vwqZ¡ cÖvß nevi ci gynv¤§`(mvt) me©cÖ_g Avnevb Rvbv‡jb Zvi mnawg©bx Lvw`Rv(ivt)†K
Ges wZwb Zvui Dci wek¦vm ¯’vcb Ki‡jb| Zvici wZwb Zvui PvPv‡Zv fvB Avjx(ivt) †K Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ †`b Ges
wZwbI Zvui Dci wek¦vm Av‡bb| Gici wZwb Zvui µxZ`vm hv‡q`(ivt) †K Avnevb Ki‡j hv‡q`(ivt)I Zvui Dci Cgvb
Av‡bb| Zvici wZwb Zvui eÜz Avey eKi(ivt)†K Avnevb Rvbvb Ges wZwbI wek¦vm ¯’vcb K‡ib| Gici wZwb
Rbmvavib‡K Bmjv‡gi w`‡K Avnevb Ki‡Z _v‡Kb, G‡ì g‡a¨ wKQy gvbyl Cgvb Av‡b Avi evKxiv Zv MÖnb
Ki‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡i|
Avey eKi(ivt) Bmjvg MÖnb Kivi ci Zvi Kv‡Qi gvbyl‡ì‡K Zvi wek¦v‡mi K_v Rvbvb Ges Zv‡ì AvjvnZvqvjv I
Zvui ivmy‡ji(mvt) w`‡K Avnevb K‡ib| Avey eKi wQ‡jb Zvi Avcb †jvK‡ì g‡a¨ D”P gh©v`v m¤úbœ| †jv‡Kiv Zvi
mvnPvh© Dc‡fvM KiZ Ges wewfbœ wel‡q Zvi mv‡_ civgk© KiZ| mgv‡R Zvi G mg¯— cÖfve Kv‡R jvwM‡q
wZwb Dmgvb Be‡b ÕAvddvb(ivt)†K Bmjv‡gi QvqvZ‡j wb‡q Av‡mb| Gfv‡e cieZx©‡Z hyevBi Beb Avj-
ÕAvIIqvg(ivt), ÕAve` Avj ingvb Beb ÕAvId(ivt), mvÕ` Beb Avwe Iqv°vm(ivt), Zvjnv Beb ÕDevB`yjvn Bmjvg
MÖnb K‡ib| G‡ì mKj‡K wZwb gynv¤§`(mvt) Gi Kv‡Q wb‡q Av‡mb, Zviv mK‡j Zv‡ì Cgvb Avbvi †Nvlbv †`b
Ges bvgvR Av`vq K‡ib| Gici, ÕAvwgi Beb Avj-hviivn& (Avey DevB`vn bv‡g cwiwPZ) Bmjvg MÖnb K‡ib Ges
ÕAvãyjvn& Beb ÕAve` Avj-Avmv` (Avey mvjvgvn& bv‡g cwiwPZ) I Zvi mv‡_ Avj-AviKvg Beb Avwe Avj-
AviKvg, ÕDmgvb Beb
3
gvRÕqyb Ges AviI A‡b‡K Bmjvg MÖnb K‡ib| Gfv‡e G‡Ki ci GK eûmsL¨K gvbyl Bmjv‡gi QvqvZ‡j P‡j Av‡m
†h ch©š— bv G welqwU KzivBk m¤cÖ`v‡qi gv‡S Av‡jvPbvi e¯‘‡Z cwiYZ nq|
cÖ_g w`‡K gynv¤§`(mvt) evwo evwo wM‡q gvbyl‡K Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ w`‡Zb| Zv‡ì ej‡Zb †h, AvjvnZvqvjv Zv‡ì
Zvui Bev`Z Ki‡Z Ges Zvui mv‡_ KvD‡K kixK bv Kivi Rb¨ Av‡`k w`‡q‡Qb| Gici wZwb KziAv‡bi wb‡gœv³
Avqv‡Zi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z g°vi gvbyl‡K cÖKv‡k¨ Bmjv‡gi w`‡K Avnevb Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡ib, †hLv‡b Avjvn Av‡`k
Ki‡Qb,
Ò†n e¯¿ve„Z! D‡Vv Ges mZK© K‡iv|Ó [myiv Avj-gyÏvwQi: 1-2]
cieZx©‡Z Avjvni ivmyj(mvt) Øxb Bmjv‡gi `jfy³ gvby‡l‡ì wb‡q †Mvc‡b GKwÎZ n‡Zb Ges Zv‡ì Øxb wk¶v
w`‡Zb| cÖ_gw`‡K ivmyj(mvt) Gi mvnvexiv KzivBk‡ì Avov‡j g°vi cÖvšmxgvq— Aew¯’Z cvnv‡o bvgvR Av`vq
Ki‡Zb| hLbB bZzb †KD Bmjvg MÖnb Ki‡Zv, Avjvni ivmyj(mvt) Zv‡K KziAvb †kLv‡bvi Rb¨ c~‡e© Bmjvg
MÖnbKvix GKRb‡K cvVv‡Zb| wZwb(mvt) dvwZgv webZ Avj-LvËve I Zvi ¯^vgx mvÕC` †K KziAvb †kLv‡bvi
Kv‡R LveŸve Be‡b Avj-AviiZ‡K wbhy³ K‡iwQ‡jb| GKw`b hLb Zviv `yÕRb Gfv‡e LveŸve(ivt) Gi Kv‡Q
KyiAvb wkLwQ‡jb, ZLb †mLv‡b Igi Beb Avj-LvËve AvKw®§K fv‡e Dcw¯’Z nb Ges mv‡_ mv‡_ Bmjvg MÖnb
K‡ib| cieZx©‡Z Avjvni ivmyj(mvt) Abyfe K‡ib Gfv‡e wk¶v `vb h‡_ô bq, ZvB wZwb AviKvg Be‡b Avj
AviKv‡gi evmM„n‡K Zvui `vIqv‡Zi †K›`ª wnmv‡e g‡bvbxZ K‡ib Ges GLvb †_‡KB wZwb gymwjg‡ì KziAvb
wk¶v w`‡Zb, Bmjvg m¤§‡Ü Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Zb, Zv‡ì‡K KziAvb wZjIqvZ I KziAvb wb‡q wPšv— Kivi Rb¨
Drmvn w`‡Zb| hLb †KD Bmjvg MÖnb Ki‡Zv, Avjvni ivmyj(mvt) Zvi mv‡_ `vi-Dj-AviKv‡g mv¶vr Ki‡Zb| wZb
eQi ch©š— wZwb Gfv‡e gymwjg‡ì wk¶v †`b, bvgv‡R BgvgwZ K‡ib, †kl iv‡Î Zv‡ì mv‡_ Zvnv¾y` Av`vq K‡ib,
Zv‡ì wPšv— †PZbv‡K DÏxß K‡ib, bvgvR Ges KziAvb wZjIqv‡Zi gva¨‡g Zv‡ì Cgvb‡K AviI gReyZ
K‡ib| KziAv‡bi AvqvZ I Avjvni m„wó‡K Mfxi fv‡e chv©‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g bI gymwjg‡ì wPšvaviv‡K—
Av‡jvwKZ K‡ib| GQvovI wZwb Zv‡ì‡K Avjvni Kv‡Q wb‡R‡K cwic~Y© fv‡e mg©c‡bi gva¨‡g mKj Kó I
evauv AwZµ‡gi Dcvq †kLvb|
gynv¤§`(mvt) Zvui `jfy³ gymwjg‡ì mv‡_ Gfv‡e `vi-Dj-AviKv‡g mgq AwZevwnZ Ki‡Z _v‡Kb †h ch©š— bv
Avjvn myenvbyIqvZvqvjv wb‡gœv³ AvqvZ bvwhj K‡ib,
ÒAZGe †Zvgv‡K †h wel‡q Av‡`k Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zv cÖKv‡k¨ †Nvlbv Ki Ges gykwiK‡ì †_‡K gyL wdwi‡q bvI|Ó [myiv
wnRit 94]
mvnvev‡ì MVb chv©qt
`vIqv‡Zi cÖv_wgK chv©‡q ivmyj(mvt) hv‡ì gv‡SB Bmjvg MÖnb Kivi g‡Zv gbgvbwlKZv j¶¨ Ki‡Zb, RvwZ,
eY©, eqm, mvgvwRK Ae¯’vb BZ¨vw` †f`v‡f‡` Zv‡ì Kv‡QB Zvui G Avnevb †cŠ‡uQ w`‡Zb| wZwb KL‡bv Zvui
wbev©wPZ wKQy msL¨K gvby‡li Kv‡Q Øx‡bi Avnevb ‡cŠ‡uQ †`bwb eis mKj †kªbxi gvbyl‡K wZwb mgvb
fv‡e Bmjv‡gi w`‡K Avnevb K‡i‡Qb Ges Zvici Bmjvg MÖn‡b Zv‡ì gbgvbwlKZv wePv‡i mg © n‡q‡Qb| Gfv‡e
D‡jL‡hvM¨ msL¨K gvbyl Cgvb Av‡b Ges Bmjvg MÖnb K‡i|
bI gymwjg‡ì cwic~Y© fv‡e Øxb Ges KziAvb wk¶v ‡èvi e¨vcv‡i wZwb LyeB DwØMœ _vK‡Zb| wZwb Zvui
mvnvex‡ì ga¨ n‡Z GKwU `j ˆZix K‡ib hviv cieZx©‡Z `vIqv‡Zi Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zb| G `‡j bvix-cyiƒl mn
gymwjg‡ì msL¨v e„w× †c‡q Pwjk R‡b DbœxZ nq| hwÌ Giv wQj wewfbœ eq‡mi wKš‘ G‡ì g‡a¨ Zi“b‡ì msL¨vB
wQj †ekx| G‡ì g‡a¨ wQj abx, Mixe, mej Ges `~e©j meai‡bi gvbyl|
gymwjg‡ì G`jwU Avjvni Dci cwic~Y© fv‡e Cgvb G‡bwQj Ges GivB g~jZt `vIqv‡Zi Kvh© cwiPvjbv K‡iwQj|
Giv n‡jvt
1. ÕAvjx Beb Avey Zvwje ( 8 eQi )

2. hyevBi Beb Avj ÕAvIIqvg ( 8 eQi )
3. Zvjnvn& Beb Avj ÕDevB`yjvn& (11 eQi )
4. Avj AviKvg Beb Avwe Avj AviKvg (12 eQi )
5. ÕAvãyjvn& Beb gvmÕD` (14 eQi )
4
6. mvC` Beb hvwq` ( wek eQ‡ii bx‡P )
7. mvÕ` Beb Avwe Iqv°vm (17 eQi )
8. mvÕD` Beb iweÕqvn& (17 eQi)
9. RvÕdi Beb Avwe Zvwje (18 eQi )
10. ïnvBe Avj i“wg (wek eQ‡ii bx‡P )
11. hvwq` Beb nvwiQv ( cÖvq wek )
12. ÕDQgvb Beb ÕAvddvb ( cÖvq wek )
13. ZyjvBe Beb ÕDgvwqi ( cÖvq wek )
14. LveŸve Beb Avj AviiZ ( cÖvq wek )
15. ÕAvwgi Beb dznvBivn (23 eQi )
16. gymvÕe Beb Dgvwqi ( 24 eQi )
17. Avj wgK`v` Beb Avj AvmIqv` (24 eQi )
18. ÕAvãyjvn Beb Rvnm (25 eQi )
19. ÕDgi Beb Avj LvËve (26 eQi )
20. Avey DevB`vn Beb Avj Rviivn ( 27 eQi)
21. ÕDZevn Beb MvRIqvb (27 eQi )
22. Avey û`vBdvn Beb ÕDZevn (30 eQi )
23. wejvj Beb ivevn (cÖvq 30 eQi )
24. ÕAvBBqvm Beb ivweÕAvn (cÖvq 30 eQi )
25. ÕAvwgi Beb ivweÕAvn ( cÖvq 30 eQi )
26. bvÕBg Beb ÕAvãyjvn ( cÖvq 30 eQi )
27. ÕDQgvb ( 30 eQi ) Ges
28. ÕAvãyjvn (17 eQi ) Ges
29. Kz`vgvn& (19 eQi ) Ges
30. Avj mvBe (cÖvq 20, Giv mevB gvRÕqyb Beb nvwee Gi Pvi †Q‡j )
31. Avey mvjvgvn ÕAvãyjvn Beb ÕAve` Avj Avmv` Avj gvLhywg ( cÖvq 30 eQi )
32. ÕAve` Avi ivngvb Beb ÕAvId (cÖvq 30 eQi )
33. ÕAv¤§vi Beb Bqvwmi ( 30 †_‡K 40 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ )
34. Avey eKi Avj wmwÏK ( 37 eQi )
35. nvgRvn& Beb ÕAve` Avj gyËvwje (42 eQi )
36. ÕDevB`vn Beb Avj nvwiQ ( 50eQi )
wKQy msL¨K gwnjvI G‡ì mv‡_ Bmjvg MÖnb K‡i|
wZb eQi ci G mKj mvnvev‡ì ü`q Ges Aši— hLb cy‡ivcywi Bmjv‡gi Av`k© Ges a¨vb-avibvi wfwË‡Z
cwic~Y©Zv jvf K‡i ZLb gynv¤§` (mvt) Avk¦¯— †eva K‡ib| wZwb G e¨vcv‡i wbwðZ nb †h, Zv‡ì ü`‡q Bmjvg
Mfxi fv‡e †cÖvw_Z n‡q‡Q Ges Bmjvwg AvKx`vi wfwË‡Z Zviv D”Pgvb m¤úbœ e¨w³‡Z cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| GQvov,
GB `‡ji Aš©f~³— gymwjgiv hLb mgv‡Ri gvbyl‡K gyKvwejv Kivi Rb¨ h_vh_ †hvM¨Zv Ges `„pZv AR©b K‡i
ZLb Avjvni ivmyj(mvt) `ywðšv— gy³ nb Ges Avjvni Av‡`k Abyhvqx KzivBk‡ì gyKvwejvq gymwjg‡ì †bZZ¡…
†`b|
`vIqvZx Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvt
Avjvni ivmy‡ji(mvt) wbKU Inx bvwh‡ji ïi“‡ZB Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ gvby‡li Kv‡Q cwiwPZ wQj| g°vi gvbyl cÖ_g
†_‡KB Rvb‡Zv †h, gynv¤§`(mvt) gvbyl‡K GK bZzb Øx‡bi w`‡K Avnevb Rvbv‡”Qb Ges †ek wKQy msL¨K
gvbyl Bmjvg‡K Øxb wnmv‡e MÖnb K‡i‡Q| Zviv AviI Rvb‡Zv †h, wZwb Gme gymwjg‡ì mv‡_ GK‡Î wgwjZ
nb, Zv‡ì †`Lv‡kvbv K‡ib Ges gymwjgiv †h KzivBk mgv‡Ri †jvKP¶zi Avov‡j GKwÎZ n‡q bZzb Øxb wk¶v K‡i
GUvI Zviv Rvb‡Zv|
5
g°vi †jv‡Kiv Bmjvwg `vIqv‡Zi e¨vcv‡i Ges hviv Bmjvg MÖnb Ki‡Q Zv‡ì e¨vcv‡i m‡PZb wQj, wKš‘ Zviv
KL‡bv Rvb‡Z cv‡iwb †Kv_vq Zviv wgwjZ nq Ges Kviv wgwjZ nq| GRb¨B gynv¤§`(mvt) hLb cÖKv‡k¨ g°vi
gvbyl‡K bZzb G Øx‡bi w`‡K Zv‡ì Avnevb Rvbv‡jb ZLb GUv Zv‡ì Kv‡Q Avðh©RbK †KvbI welq wQj bv|
g~jZt †hUv Zv‡ì‡K wew¯§Z K‡iwQj †mUv nj gymwjg‡ì bZzb GKwU `j wnmv‡e AvZ¥cÖKvk Kiv | gymwjg‡ì
G bZzb `jwU AviI kw³kvjx nq hLb nvghvn& Beb ÕAve` Avj gyËvwje Ges Gi avivevwnKZvq ÕDgi Beb Avj
LvËve Bmjvg ag© MÖnb K‡i| Gici Avjvn KziAv‡bi wb‡gœv³ AvqvZwU bvwhj Ki‡jb,
ÒAZGe †Zvgv‡K †h wel‡q Av‡`k Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zv cÖKv‡k¨ †Nvlbv Ki Ges gykwiK‡ì †_‡K gyL wdwi‡q bvI|
we`ª“cKvix‡ì wei“‡× AvwgB †Zvgvi Rb¨ h‡_ó| Those who adopt, with Allah, another god: but soon will They
come to know.Ó [myiv wnRit 94-96]
Avjvni ivmyj(mvt) Avjvni G Av‡`k h_vh_ fv‡e cvjb K‡ib Ges Zvi `j‡K mg¯— g°vievmx‡ì mv‡_ cwiwPZ Kivb|
wZwb Zvui mvnvex‡ì `ywU jvB‡b mw¾Z K‡ib, GKw`‡Ki †bZ‡Z¡… _v‡Kb ÕDgi Beb Avj LvËve Avi
GKw`‡Ki †bZ‡Z¡… _v‡Kb nvghvn& Beb ÕAve` Avj gyËvwje | Ges G `jwU wb‡q wZwb Ggb fv‡e c_ Pj‡Z
_v‡Kb hv g°vevmx‡ì‡K wew¯§Z K‡i| Gfv‡e wZwb Zvui mvnvex‡ì m‡½ K‡i KvevNi cwiågb K‡ib|
GUv wQj Ggb GK chv©q hLb gynv¤§`(mvt) Zvui mvnvex‡ì mv‡_ †MvcbxqZv †_‡K cÖKvk¨ `vIqv‡Zi w`‡K
AMÖmi nb Ges Bmjvg MÖnb Kivi g‡Zv gbgvbwlKZv m¤úbœ †jvK‡ì Avnev‡bi cwie‡Z© mvavib fv‡e mgv‡Ri
mg¯— gvbyl‡K Bmjv‡gi w`‡K Avnevb K‡ib| G chv©‡q Bmjvwg `vIqvZ GK bZzb w`‡K †gvo †bq, ïi“ nq mgv‡R
Cgvb Avi Kzd‡ii g‡a¨ Ø›`, åvš— Avi Ny‡uY aiv Av`k© ¸‡jvi mv‡_ msNl© n‡Z _v‡K mZ¨ Av`‡k©i| e¯‘Zt GB
mgq †_‡KB ïi“ nq gynv¤§`(mvt) Gi `vIqv‡Zi wØZxq chv©q, hv‡K ejv hvq cÖKvk¨ `vIqvZ Avi msNv‡Zi chv©q|
Bmjv‡gi G Avnevb‡K evuavMÖ¯’ Kivi Rb¨ Awek¦vmx gykwiKiv ivmyj(mvt) Ges Zvui mvnvev‡ì Dci
me©cÖKvi wbhv©Zb Ges AZ¨vPvi ïi“ K‡i| e¯‘Zt GUv wQj PigZg KwVb GKUv mgq| ivmyj(mvt) Gi evmM„‡n
cv_i wb‡¶c Kiv nq Ges Avey jvnv‡ei ¯¿x D¤§y Rvwgj gynv¤§`(mvt) Gi M„‡ni mvg‡b bvbv †bvsiv Ave©Rbv
wb‡¶c K‡i Zv‡K D³¨³ Ki‡Z _v‡K| wZwb(mvt) G me wKQy bxi‡e D‡c¶v K‡ib Ges wbRnv‡Z †m¸‡jv cwi®‹vi
K‡ib| GKevi Avey Rvnj Zvui w`‡K Kvevi g~wZ©‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ ewjKZ… QvM‡ji bvwofywo wb‡¶c K‡i|
gynv¤§`(mvt) Gme mn Zvui Kb¨v dvwZgvi evox‡Z Dcw¯’Z n‡j Zvui Kb¨v †m¸‡jv wbRnv‡Z cwi®‹vi K‡i †`b| G
mg¯— AZ¨vPvi I wbhv©Zb gynv¤§`(mvt)†K cÖwZwbqZ AviI kw³kvjx K‡i Zz‡j Ges wZwb AviI `„p fv‡e
`vIqvZx Kvh©µg Pvwj‡q †h‡Z _v‡Kb|
Bmjvg MÖnbKvix gymwjgivI n‡Z _v‡K ûgKx Avi wbhv©Z‡bi m¤§~Lxb| cÖwZwU †Mv‡Îi †jv‡Kiv Zv‡ì
¯^‡MvÎxq gymwjg‡ì Dci AZ¨vPvi Avi wbhv©Zb ïi“ K‡i| Bmjvg MÖnb Kivi Aciv‡a g°vi GK gykwiK Zvi `vm
wejvj(ivt)‡K DËß evwji Dci ïB‡q Zvi ey‡Ki Dci cv_i Pvcv w`‡q iv‡L| G‡Zv wbg©g AZ¨vPvi m‡Ë¡I wZwb
wbiwew”Qbœ fv‡e ej‡Z _v‡Kb, ÒAvnv`! Avnv`!Ó| wejvj(ivt) ïay Zvi i‡ei Rb¨ Aejxjvq G mg¯— wbg©g AZ¨vPvi
mn¨ K‡ib| Avi GKRb gwnjv Bmjvg Z¨vM K‡i Zvi c~e© cyi“‡li a‡g© wd‡i †h‡Z A¯^xKvi Kivq Zv‡K wbg©g
fv‡e AZ¨vPvi K‡i nZ¨v Kiv nq|
gymwjgiv Zv‡ì i‡ei mš‘wó jv‡fi D‡Ï‡k¨ AZ¨vPvi, wbhv©Zb, Dcnvm Avi eÂbvi G ch©vq ‰ah© Avi mwnÂzlZvi
mv‡_ AwZµg K‡i|
`vIqvZx Kvh©µ‡gi wei“‡× mwnsmZvt
gynv¤§`(mvt)†K hLb AvjvnZvqvjv cÖ_g imyj wnmv‡e g‡bvwbZ K‡ib, ZLb g°vi gykwiKiv Zv‡K Ges Zvui
cÖPvwiZ evbx‡K Zz”Q Zvw”Qj¨ K‡i| `vIqvZx Kv‡Ri cÖv_wgK w`‡K KzivBkiv Zvui Avnevb‡K mvay-
mbœ¨vmx‡ì mg‡MvÎxq †f‡e D‡c¶v Ki‡Z _v‡K Ges fve‡Z _v‡K †h, Bmjvg MªnbKvix gymwjgiv nq‡Zv ax‡i
ax‡i Avevi Zv‡ì c~e©cyi“‡li a‡g© cÖZ¨veZ©b Ki‡e|
g~jZt GB Kvi‡bB KzivBkiv cÖ_gw`‡K Zvui(mvt) Kv‡R evuav n‡q `vuovqwb| gynv¤§`(mvt) hLbB KzivBk‡ì
m¤§yLxb n‡Zb Zviv ej‡Zv, ÒGB n‡”Q Ave`& Avj gyËvwj‡ei cyÎ hvi Dci wKbv Avmgvb †_‡K Inx AeZxb© nq|
Ó wKš‘ Aí wKQyw`b ciB Zviv Zvui cÖPvwiZ Av`‡k©i kw³‡Z kw¼Z †eva Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡i Ges Zvui m‡½ cÖKvk¨
msN‡l© wjß nq| cÖ_gw`‡K Zviv gynv¤§`(mvt) Gi beyq‡Zi `vex‡K wg_¨v e‡j Dcnvm K‡i| cieZx©‡Z Zviv
beyq‡Zi cÖgvb wnmv‡e bex(mvt) A‡jŠwKK wb`k©b mg~n Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z e‡j| Zviv ej‡Z _v‡K, gynv¤§` hw` mZ¨
mZ¨B Avjvni bex n‡q _v‡K Z‡e †m †Kb mvdv I gviIqv‡K ‡mvbvi cvnv‡o cwibZ Ki‡Q bv? †Kb Zvui Kv‡Q
6
Avmgvb †_‡K wjwLZ wKZve bvwhj n‡”Q bv? †Kb wReivBj gynv¤§‡ì mv‡_ K_v e‡j wKš‘ Zv‡ì mvg‡b
Dcw¯’Z nq bv? †Kb †m g„Z‡K RxweZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv? †Kb †m g°v‡K cwi‡eóbKvix cvnvo¸‡jv‡K Ab¨Î mwi‡q
w`‡”Q bv? ‡Kb Zvi mgv‡Ri gvby‡li cvwbi G‡Zv Kó _vKv m‡Ë¡I †m Zv‡ì Rb¨ Rg&Rg& Gi PvB‡Z fvj †Kvb
Kyc Lbb K‡i w`‡”Q bv? †Kb Zvui ie Zvu‡K `ªe¨mg~‡ni g~j¨ Av‡M †_‡KB AewnZ Ki‡Q bv †hb Zviv †m
Abyhvqx ì`vg nvuK‡Z cv‡i?
‡ek wKQyKvj hveZ Pj‡Z _v‡K Avjvni ivmy‡ji(mvt) wei“‡× D‡Ïk¨ g~jK Gme AccÖPvi | KzivBkiv bex(mvt)†K
RR©wiZ Ki‡Z _v‡K Zxeª e¨½-we`ª“c, wZi¯‹vi Avi AZ¨vPv‡i| Zv m‡Ë¡I wZwb(mvt) Ae`wgZ wKsev mZ¨ c_
†_‡K wePz¨Z bv n‡q GKvMÖZvi mv‡_ gvbyl‡K Bmjv‡gi w`‡K Avnevb Ki‡Z _v‡Kb Ges †mB mv‡_ hviv
g~wZ©c~Rv K‡i I g~wZ©i Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv K‡i Zv‡ì wb©eyw×Zv Avi wPšvi— AmviZv mgv‡Ri gvby‡li
mvg‡b Zz‡j a‡i g~wZ©c~Rv‡K A‡hŠw³K Ges nvm¨Ki cÖgvb K‡ib|
Zv‡ì Dcvm¨ gywZ©i wei“‡× hyw³c~Y© G cÖPvibv KzivBk‡ì mn¨ ¶gZvi evB‡i P‡j hvq, d‡j Zviv †h †KvbI nxb
Dcv‡q gynv¤§`(mvt) Gi Kvh©Kjvc e‡Üi Rb¨ mev©Z¥K kw³ wb‡qvM K‡i, wKš‘ `vIqvZx Kvh©Kjvc e‡Üi Zv‡ì
mKj cÖ‡Póv e¨_© nq| Bmjvgx `vIqv‡Zi wei“‡× hy× Kivi Rb¨ KzivBkiv cÖavbZ wZbwU Dcvq MÖnb K‡it
1. AZ¨vPvi
2. mgv‡Ri wfZ‡i Ges evB‡i wg_¨v cÖPvibv
3. eqKU(mgvRP~¨Z Kib)
cvwievwiK wbivcËv cvevi ciI gynv¤§`(mvt) AZ¨vPv‡ii wkKvi nb, AZ¨vPvwiZ nb Zvui(mvt) m½x-mv_xivI|
KzivBkiv Zv‡ì wbhv©Zb Kivi Rb¨ N„b¨ mKj c×wZ MÖnb K‡i Ges G mKj N„wbZ Kv‡R Zviv e¨vcK cvi`wk©Zv
AR©b K‡i| mZ¨Øxb ‡_‡K wePy¨Z Kivi Rb¨ Avj-Bqvwmi(ivt) Gi cwievi‡K wb©gg AZ¨vPv‡ii m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq,
wKš‘ G mg¯— AZ¨vPvi ïaygvÎB Zv‡ì `„pZv I g‡bvej e„w× K‡i| KzivBkiv hLb Bqvwmi(ivt) Gi cwievi‡K
AZ¨vPvi KiwQj, ZLb Avjvni ivmyj(mvt) Zv‡ì AwZµg KiwQ‡jb Ges wZwb(mvt) Zv‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ ejwQ‡jb,Ò‰ah©
ai Avj-Bqvwmi! †Zvgv‡ì cyi¯‹vi †Zv RvbœvZ| †Zvgv‡ì Mše¨— †Zv Avjvni Kv‡Q|Ó Gi Rev‡e Bqvwmi(ivt) Gi
¯¿x mygvBqv(ivt) e‡jwQ‡jb,Ò Bqv Avjvni ivmyj, Avwg Zv †`L‡Z cvw”Q| Ó
ZZw`b ch©š— ivmyj(mvt) Ges Zvui mvnvex(ivt)‡ì Dci KzivBk‡ì G fqsKi AZ¨vPvi c~Y© kw³‡Z Pj‡Z _v‡K
hZw`b ch©š— bv Zviv eyS‡Z cv‡i, Zv‡ì mKj cÖ‡Póv Avm‡j e¨_©Zvq ch©ewmZ n‡q‡Q| Gici Zviv Bmjvgx
`vIqv‡Zi wei“‡× hy× cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ Ab¨ c×wZ MÖnb K‡i, hv wQj g~jZt Bmjvg Ges gymwjg‡ì wei“‡× wg_¨v
cÖPvibv hv Zviv g°v Ges g°vi evB‡i †hgb, Avwewmwbqvq cÖPvi K‡i| G c×wZ mdj Ki‡Z Zviv hyw³, ZK©,
we`ª“c, wg_¨v Acev`-Awf‡hvM mn mKj iKg c×wZ MÖnb K‡i| Zv‡ì AccÖPvi wQj Bmjv‡gi †gŠwjK
wek¦vm(AvKx`vn&) Ges ivmyj(mvt) Gi wei“‡×| KzivBkiv gynv¤§`(mvt)†K bvbviKg wg_¨v Acev` Ges Awf‡hv‡M
Awfhy³ K‡i| Zvu‡K(mvt) mgv‡Ri gvby‡li Kv‡Q †nq cÖwZcbœ Kivi Rb¨ Zviv bvbviKg cwiKíbv Ges
KzU‡KŠk‡ji Avkªq †bq|
we‡kl K‡i n‡¾i †gŠmy‡g KzivBkiv Bmjvg‡K nxb cÖwZcbœ Kivi Rb¨ LyeB mZ©KZvi mv‡_ cÖ¯‘wZ †bq| Zviv
Iqvwj` Beb gyMxivi mv‡_ civgk© K‡i gynv¤§`(mvt) Gi wei“‡× e¨½vZ¥K †kvK iPbv K‡i| Gici Zviv g°vq n‡¾i
D‡Ï‡k¨ AvMZ Avie‡ì gynv¤§`(mvt) m¤ú‡K© wK ejv hvq G wb‡q wPšv—-fvebv Ki‡Z _v‡K| †KD †KD
cÖ¯vebv— K‡i, Zviv AvMZ Avie‡ì gv‡S cÖPvi Ki‡e †h gynv¤§`(mvt) GKRb Kvwnb (MbK)| wKš‘ Iqvwj` Beb
gyMxiv G cÖ¯ve— bvKP K‡i †`q G hyw³‡Z †h, gynv¤§‡ì evYx GKRb wb‡e©va Kvwn‡bi Amvo cÖjvc wKsev
Q›`gq Ave„wËi eû D‡a&a©| ‡KD †KD cÖ¯ve— K‡i †h, Zviv ej‡e gynv¤§` GKRb Kwe| wKš‘ Zviv c`¨ iPbvi mKj
cÖKvi Ges iƒc m¤ú‡K© Lye fvjB AewnZ wQj e‡j †kl ch©š— G cÖ¯vewUI— evwZj K‡i | A‡bïv cÖ¯ve— K‡i,
Zviv cÖPvi Ki‡e gynv¤§` wR‡bi AvQiMÖ¯’| wKš‘, Iqvwj` Beb gyMxiv G cÖ¯veI— bvKP K‡i †`q KviY,
gynv¤§`(mvt) Gi AvPib wR‡bi AvQiMÖ¯’ gvby‡li g‡Zv bq| A‡b‡K Avevi gynv¤§`(mvt)†K hv`yKi wnmv‡e
Awfhy³ Kivi cÖ¯ve— †`q, wKš‘ Avj-Iqvwj` G cÖ¯veI— bvKP K‡i †`q Kvib gynv¤§`(mvt) hv`yKi‡ì g‡Zv
¸ßwe`¨vi PP©vI K‡i bv, such as the well known ritual of blowing on knots.
`xN© Av‡jvPbvi ci Zviv GKgZ nq †h, Zviv cÖPvi Ki‡e gynv¤§`(mvt) K_vi gva¨‡g gvbyl‡K hv`yMÖ¯’ K‡i (wkni
Avj-evqvb) | Gici Zviv Avie‡ì gynv¤§‡ì e¨vcv‡i mZ©K Kivi Rb¨ QÎf½ n‡q n¾ Kv‡djv‡ì g‡a¨ Xy‡K c‡i |
Avjvni ivmyj(mvt)‡K Zviv K_vi hv`yKi wnmv‡e gvby‡li Kv‡Q Dc¯’vwcZ K‡i Ges n¾¡ hvÎx‡ì Zvui(mvt)
cÖPvwiZ evYx kªeb Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z Avnevb K‡i| Zviv cÖPvi K‡i, gynv¤§‡ì cÖPvwiZ evYx gvbyl‡K Zvi
Avcb fvB, evev, gv GgbwK Zvi wbR cwievi †_‡K c„_K K‡i †d‡j| e¯‘Zt Zv‡ì G wg_¨v AccÖPvi Zv‡ì D‡Ïk¨
mva‡b e¨_© nq, Ges Bmjvgx `vIqvZ µgk gvby‡li Aši— Rq Ki‡Z _v‡K| Gici KzivBkiv Avj bvwì Beb Avj-
nvwiQ‡K gynv¤§`(mvt) Gi wei“‡× wb‡qvwRZ K‡i| hLbB wZwb(mvt) RbMb‡K `vIqvZ w`‡q Zv‡ì Avjvni K_v
7
¯§ib Kwi‡q w`‡Zb wKsev c~e©eZx© m¤cÖ`v‡qi cÖwZ Avjvni mZK©evYxi K_v ej‡Zb, ZLbB bvwì Beb nvwiQ
†mLv‡b Dcw¯’Z n‡q cvi‡mï ev`kvn& I Zv‡ì a‡g©i Mí ej‡Z ïi“ Ki‡Zv| †m `vex Ki‡Zv, Ò†Kvb w`K †_‡K
gynv¤§` Mí ejvq Avgvi †_‡K †ekx cvi`kx©? †m wK Avgvi g‡ZvB c~e©eZx©‡ì Kvwnbx eY©bv K‡i bv?Ó
Gfv‡e KzivBkiv wewfbœ ai‡bi MíKvwnbx RbM‡bi gv‡S Qwo‡q w`‡Z _v‡K| Zviv g°vevmx‡ì e‡j, Avm‡j
gynv¤§` hv e‡j G¸‡jv Avjvni evYx bq, eis G¸‡jv Rvwei bv‡g GKRb Lªxóvb Zi“‡Yi ‡kLv‡bv K_v| GB AccÖPvi
Pj‡Z _v‡K hZ¶b ch©š— bv Avjvn wb‡gœv³ AvqvZ bvwhj K‡ib,
ÒAvgiv †Zv Rvwb Zviv e‡j †h, Zv‡K wk¶v †`q GKRb gvbyl; Zviv hvi K_v e‡j Zvi fvlv †Zv Aviex bq; wKš‘
†KviAv‡bi fvlv †Zv weï× Aviex|Ó [myiv bvnjt 103]
Gfv‡e mgMÖ Avie DcØxc Ry‡o Pj‡Z _v‡K Bmjv‡gi wei“‡× AccÖPvi Ges gymwjg‡ì Dci AZ¨vPvi| hLb
KzivBkiv ïb‡Z †cj wKQy gymwjg †Rvic~e©K ag©všwiZ— nevi f‡q Avwewmwbqvq wnRiZ K‡i‡Q, mv‡_ mv‡_
Zviv Avwewmwbqv‡Z Zv‡ì c¶ †_‡K `yÕRb †PŠKl `~Z cvwV‡q w`j gymwjg‡ì †nq cªwZcbœ Kivi Rb¨| Zv‡ì
Avkv wQj Avwewmwbqvi kvmK bv¾vmx nqZ gymwjg‡ì Zvi †`k †_‡K †ei K‡i w`‡q gymwjg‡ì g°vq wd‡i
Avm‡Z eva¨ Ki‡e| KzivBkiv Zv‡ì c¶ †_‡K `~Z wnmv‡e ÕAvgi Beb Avj ÕAvm Beb IqvÕBj Ges Avãyjvn& Beb
iweÕAvn&‡K ‡cÖib K‡i| Zviv Avwewmwbqv Mg‡bi ci ev`kvn bv¾vmxi mfvmè„›`‡K Dc‡XŠKb cÖ`v‡bi
gva¨‡g gymwjg kiYv_x©‡ì Zv‡ì †`k †_‡K ewn®‹vi Kivi e¨vcv‡i Zv‡ì mnvqZv Kvgbv K‡i| Zviv mfvmè„›`‡K
e‡j, ÒAvgv‡ì RbM‡bi ga¨ n‡Z wKQy wb‡e©va †jvK Avcbv‡ì ev`kvni Avkª‡q Av‡Q| Zviv Avgv‡ì ag© Z¨vM
K‡i‡Q Avevi Avcbv‡ì ag©I MÖnb K‡iwb, Dciš‘ Zviv Ggb GK a‡g©i w`‡K gvbyl‡K Avnevb Rvbv‡”Q †h a‡g©i
e¨vcv‡i bv Avgiv wKQy Rvwb, &bv Avcbviv Rv‡bb| Avgv‡ì m¤§vwbZ †bZviv Zv‡ì wdwi‡q †bevi Rb¨
Avgv‡ì‡K Avcbv‡ì Kv‡Q cvwV‡q‡Qb| myZivs, Zv‡ì Avgv‡ì nv‡Z Zz‡j w`b Kvib, wbR m¤cÖ`v‡qi †jvK
wnmv‡e Zv‡ì fyj-åvwši— e¨vcv‡i Avgv‡ìB cwic~Y© Ges ¯^”Q avibv i‡q‡Q|Ó gymwjgiv AbvKvw•LZ wKQy
e‡j †dj‡e GB f‡q KzivBk‡ì †cÖwiZ `~‡Ziv evi evi GUv wbwðZ Ki‡Z Pvw”Qj †hb, gymwjg kibv_x©iv
‡Kvbfv‡eB ev`kvni mv‡_ mv¶vr bv K‡i| mfvmè„›` bv¾vmxi mv‡_ mv¶vr K‡i Ges AvkªqcÖv_x© gymwjg‡ì
Zv‡ì wbR m¤cÖ`v‡qi †jvK‡ì Kv‡Q wdwi‡q †èvi Av‡e`b K‡i|
mfvmè„‡›ì Av‡e`b †kvbvi ci bv¾vmx AvkªqcÖv_x© gymwjg‡ì Zvui ìev‡i nvwRi nevi wb‡`©k ‡`b Ges Zv‡ì
wbKU n‡Z Zv‡ì cÖPvwiZ Av`k© ïbevi B”Qv cÖKvk K‡ib| gymwjgiv Zvui ìev‡i Dcw¯’Z n‡j wZwb
e‡jb,ÒAvgvi Øxb wKsev Ab¨ †Kvb Øxb MÖnb bv K‡i †Zvgiv †Kvb Øx‡bi w`‡K gvbyl‡K Avnevb Ki‡Qv?Ó
GgZve¯’vq RvÕdi Beb Avwe Zvwje Zv‡ì Bmjvg c~e©eZx© AÁZv Ges Zv‡ì eZ©gvb Ae¯’vi mv‡_ c~‡e©i
Ae¯’vi GKwU Zzjbvg~jK wPÎ Zz‡j a‡i bv¾vmxi cÖ‡kœi DËi †`b| wZwb ev`kvn‡K e‡jb,ÒAvgv‡ì m¤cÖ`v‡qi
†jv‡Kiv Avgv‡ì AZ¨vPvi KiZ| Avgv‡ì Dci ¶gZvkxb _vKv Ae¯’vq Zviv Zv‡ì ¶gZvi Aceënvi K‡i‡Q Ges ‡kl
ch©š— Zviv Avgv‡ì I Avgv‡ì Øx‡bi gv‡S evuav n‡q `vuwo‡q‡Q| We came to your country having chosen
you above all others, but we hope that we shall not be treated unjustly while we are with you.Ó bv¾vkx
ej‡jb,Ò‡Zvgv‡ì ivmyj Avjvni bvwhjKZ… †h evYx cÖPvi Ki‡Q Zvi wKQy Ask wK †Zvgiv Avgv‡K †kvbv‡Z
cv‡iv?Ó Rev‡e RvÕdi(ivt) ej‡jb, n¨vu, †kvbv‡Z cvwi| AZtci wZwb myiv gvwiq‡gi cÖ_g †_‡K wb‡gœv³ AvqvZ
ch©š— wZjIqvZ Ki‡jb †hLv‡b Avjvn e‡j‡Qb,
ÒAZtci gvwiqg Cw½‡Z Zvui mšvb‡K— †`Lv‡jv| Zviv ej‡jv †h, †Kv‡ji wkïi mv‡_ Avgiv wKfv‡e K_v ej‡ev? †m
[wkïwU] ej‡jv, Avwg †Zv Avjvni `vm, wZwb Avgv‡K wKZve w`‡q‡Qb, Avgv‡K bex K‡i‡Qb| †hLv‡bB Avwg _vwK
bv †Kb, wZwb Avgv‡K Zvui AbyMÖnfvRb K‡i‡Qb| hZw`b RxweZ _vwK Avgv‡K bvgvR I hvKvZ Av`vq Kivi wb‡`©k
w`‡q‡Qb| (He) hath made me kind to My
mother, and not arrogant, unblessed; so peace is on me the Day I was born, the Day that I die, and the Day that I
shall be raised up to life (again)!" [myiv gvwiqgt 29-33]
KziAvb wZjIqvZ ï‡b mfvq Dcw¯’Z cv`ªxiv GK‡hv‡M e‡j DV‡jv, ÒG †Zv †mB GKB Drm †_‡K AvMZ †hLvb
†_‡K G‡m‡Q Avgv‡ì cÖfy Cmv gmxn&i evYx|Ó bv¾vkx ej‡jb,ÒmwZ¨B, gynv¤§‡ì evYx Ges gymvi cÖPvwiZ
evYx GKB Drm †_‡K AvMZ| Zvici, KzivBk‡ì †cÖwiZ `~ZØ‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ ej‡jb, ‡Zvgiv GLb †h‡Z cvi | Avi
Avjvni Kmg Avwg KLbB G‡ì‡K †Zvgv‡ì nv‡Z Zy‡j †`‡ev bv, Avi bv Avwg Zv‡ì mv‡_ wek¦vmNvZKZv
Ki‡ev|Ó GK_v †kvbvi ci g°v †_‡K AvMZ `y‡Ziv ivRmfv †_‡K †ewi‡q Avmj Ges Zv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ c~i‡Yi Rb¨ wfbœ
c_ Ly‡uR †eov‡Z jvMj| ciw`b ÕAvgi Beb AvjÕAvm cybivq bv¾vmxi Kv‡Q †Mj Ges ejj,Ògymwjgiv gvwiqg cyÎ
Cmvi bv‡g RNb¨ K_v e‡j, Avcwb Zv‡ì‡K ‡W‡K cvVvb Avi wR‡Ám Ki“b|Ó wZwb gymwjg‡ì †W‡K wR‡Ám
Kivq RvÕdi ej‡jb,ÒAvgiv gvwiqg cyÎ m¤ú‡K© ZvB ewj hv Avgv‡ì ivmyj(mvt) Avgv‡ì wkwL‡q‡Qb,
wZwb(mvt) e‡j‡Qb, Cmv gmxn‡Zv Avjvni GKRb ev›`v Ges Zvui †cÖwiZ ivmyj, Zvui i“n& Ges ZvuiB Kvwjgv,
hv wZwb(myenvbyIqvZvqvjv) dzu‡K w`‡q‡Qb Zvui m¤§vwbZ ev›`v
8
Kzgvix gvwiq‡gi g‡a¨|Ó wbMvm bxPz n‡q GKwU jvwV Zz‡j wb‡q gvwUi Dci GKwU ‡mvRv `vM w`‡q
ej‡jb,Ò†Zvgv‡ì Øxb Avgv‡ì Øx‡bi gv‡S GB GKwU †iLvi cv_©K¨ Qvov Avi wKQyB †bB|Ó AZtci wZwb
KzivBk `yZ‡ì Lvwj nv‡Z wdwi‡q w`‡jb|
‡kl ch©š— Bmjvgx `vIqvZx Kvh©µg eÜ Kivi j‡¶¨ KzivBk‡ì mKj lohš¿, wg_¨v AccÖPvi meB e¨_© nq Ges mKj
wg_¨v, Acev`, AccÖPvi Avi lohš¿‡K civf~Z K‡i ivmyj(mvt) cÖPvwiZ Avjvni gnvb evYx Zvi Avcb Av‡jvq D™
¢vwmZ nq| Gici KzivBkiv gymwjg‡ì civf~Z Ki‡Z Zv‡ì me©‡kl A¯¿ cÖ‡qvM K‡i, †hUv wQj ÔeqKUÕ| Zviv
mKj †MvÎ cÖavbiv GKwÎZ n‡q gynv¤§`(mvt) Ges Zvui cwievi‡K mvgvwRK fv‡e eqKU Kivi wm×v‡š— DcbxZ
nq| G j‡¶¨ Zviv GKwU Pzw³cÎ cÖYqb K‡i †h, eby nvwkg Ges eby Ave` Avj gyËvwje-Gi mv‡_ †KD †KvbI ai‡bi
†jb-‡`b Ki‡e bv, Zv‡ì †Mv‡Îi †g‡q‡ì bv †KD we‡q Ki‡e, bv Zv‡ì †Mv‡Î †KD wb‡Ri †g‡q we‡q †`‡e, bv Zv‡ì
Kv‡Q †KD †KvbI `ªe¨ wewµ Ki‡e, bv Zv‡ì KvQ †_‡K †KD wKQy µq Ki‡e| G Pzw³i e¨vcv‡i GKgZ nevi ci Zviv
Pzw³i kZ© ¸‡jv wj‡L Pzw³cÎwU Kvevi Af¨š‡i— Szwj‡q iv‡L †hb †KD Pzw³ f½ bv Kivi mvnm K‡i| Zviv avibv
K‡i †h, Zv‡ì j¶¨ AR©‡b G c×wZ AccÖPvi ev wbhv©Z‡bi PvB‡Z †ekx Kvh©Kix n‡e Ges Gfv‡eB Zv‡ì D‡Ïk¨
mvwaZ n‡e|
wZb eQi ch©š— P‡j KzivBk‡ì GB eqKU| cy‡ivUv mgq Ry‡o KzivBkiv Avkvq _v‡K Gevi nq‡Zv eby nvwkg
Avi eby Ave` Avj gyËvwje gynv¤§`‡K Z¨vM K‡i ¯â‡g© cÖZ¨veZ©b Ki‡e| djkÖ“wZ‡Z m½x-mv_xnxb gynv¤§`
cwiYZ n‡e Zv‡ìB Ki“bvi cv‡Î| Zviv AviI fve‡Z _v‡K, nq Zv‡ì Av‡ivwcZ GB eqKU gynv¤§`‡K `vIqvZx
Kvh©µg eÜ Ki‡Z eva¨ Ki‡e, bv nq gynv¤§‡ì Avnev‡b Zv‡ì Øx‡bi Aw¯Z¡— †h ûgKxi m¤§yLxb n‡q‡Q †mUv
eÜ n‡e| wKš‘ Zv‡ì M„nxZ G mg¯— †KŠkj gynv¤§`(mvt)‡K K‡i †Zv‡j AviI `„pcÖZ¨qx Avi `vIqvZx KvR
Pvwj‡q †bevi Rb¨ mvnvex‡ìI K‡i c~Y© D`¨gx| g°vi wfZ‡i evB‡i me©ÎB Bmjv‡gi Avnevb cÖPvi Ges cÖmv‡i
KzivBk‡ì eqKU m¤ú~Y© fv‡e e¨_© nq| eis gynv¤§`(mvt) Ges Zvui m½x-mv_x‡ì eqKU Kivi msev` g°vi evB‡i
eû`~i ch©š— Qwo‡q hvq Avi Gfv‡e wewfbœ †Mv‡Îi Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q hvq Bmjv‡gi Avnevb| Ges mg¯— Avie
DcØx‡c Bmjvg GKwU Av‡jvPbvi welq e¯‘‡Z cwiYZ nq|
hvB †nvK, gymwjg‡ì Dci †KvbI iKg `qv cÖ`k©b QvovB wbiwew”Qbœ fv‡e Pj‡Z _v‡K GB eqKU Ges KzivBkiv
Pzw³e× †Mv‡Îi gvbyl‡K cÖwZwU kZ© gvb‡Z eva¨ K‡i| d‡j, ivmyj(mvt) Gi cwievi Ges mvnvexiv ¶zav Zòvq…
AeY©bxq K‡ói wkKvi nq Ges ¸wU K‡qK mnvbyfywZkxj e¨w³i †`qv b~b¨Zg Lv‡`¨ w`b cvi Ki‡Z _v‡K| GB
wbg©g KóKi mg‡qi g‡a¨ ïaygvÎ cweÎ gvm ¸‡jvB wQj Zv‡ì Rb¨ Zzjbvg~jK fv‡e ¯^w¯i— mgq, hLb gynv¤§`(mvt)
Kvevq †h‡Zb, †mLv‡b gvbyl‡K Avjvni Øx‡bi c‡_ Avnevb Ki‡Zb, Zv‡ì w`‡Zb Rvbœv‡Zi mymsev` Avi mZK©
Ki‡Zb Rvnvbœv‡gi fqvenZv m¤ú‡K©, Zvici wd‡i Avm‡Zb cve©Z¨ DcZ¨Kvq| GB mg¯— NUbv cÖevn ax‡i ax‡i
gynv¤§`(mvt), Zvui cwievi Ges mvnvex‡ì cÖwZ g°vevmx‡ì Aši‡K— weMwjZ K‡i| G‡ì †KD †KD
gynv¤§`(mvt) Gi Avnev‡b mvov w`‡q Bmjvg MÖnb K‡i, Avevi †KD †KD Zv‡ì †Mvc‡b Lvevi mieivn Ki‡Z
_v‡K| wnkvg Beb ÕAvgi bvgK GK g°vevmx iv‡Zi AÜKv‡i DU †evSvB K‡i Lvevi wb‡q †hZ gymwjg‡ì Rb¨,
Zvici cve©Z¨ DcZ¨Kvi Af¨š‡i— ‡hLv‡b gymwjgiv _vK‡Zv †mLv‡b XywK‡q w`Z Zvi DU| Gfv‡e gymwjgiv Zvi
mieivn Kiv Lvevi †L‡Zv Ges DUwUI RevB K‡i †L‡q †dj‡Zv|
eqKU Kvh©Ki _vKvKvjxb KóKi GB wZbwU eQi gymwjgiv Am¤¢e â‡h©ï mv‡_ AwZevwnZ K‡i| g~jZt GB
mgq Zviv cvi K‡i i“¶, cÖ¯igq— GKwU c_, †h ch©š— bv AvjvnZvqvjv Zv‡ì cix¶v n‡Z Ae¨nwZ †`b Ges †kl
ch©š— KzivBkiv eqKU cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i| KzivBk‡ì ga¨ n‡Z RynvBi Beb Avwe DgvBqvn, wnkvg Beb ÕAvgi, Avj
gyZÕwqg Beb ÕAvw`, Avey Avj evLZvwi Beb wnkvg Ges RvgvÕqvn Beb Avj AvmIqv` bv‡g cvuPRb Zi“Y
GKwÎZ nq| H mg‡qi Ab¨ A‡bK KzivBk‡ì g‡Zv ZvivI eqKU Ges Pzw³c‡Îi e¨vcv‡i Zv‡ì weiƒc g‡bvfve cÖKvk
K‡i| ‡kl ch©š— Zviv A‰bwZK fv‡e gynv¤§`(mvt) Ges Zvi m½x-mv_x‡ì eqK‡Ui Pzw³cÎwU evwZ‡ji e¨vcv‡i
GKgZ nq|
ciw`b RynvBi KvevM„n‡K mvZevi cÖ`w¶b Kivi ci Dcw¯’Z RbZv‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i e‡j,Ò†n g°vevmx, Avgiv wK
fv‡jv Lv‡ev, fv‡jv Kvco ci‡ev Avi †KvbI iKg µq-weµq bv Ki‡Z ‡c‡i eby nvwkg †Mv‡Îi †jv‡Kiv wK aŸsm n‡q
hv‡e ? Avjvni Kmg GB Ab¨vq eqKU evwZj Avi Pzw³cÎ wQu‡o †djv bv ch©š— Avwg wekªvg †b‡ev bv|Ó Lye
wbK‡UB wQj Avey Rvnj, †m †µvavwš^Z n‡q ejj,ÒZywg wg_¨vev`x, Avjvni Kmg, GB Pzw³cÎ Avwg KL‡bvB
wQou‡ev bv|Ó GB chv©‡q g°vevmx‡ì g‡a¨ Qwo‡q _vKv evKx PviRb RygvÕqvn, Avey Avj evLZvwi, Avj
gyZÕwqg Ges wnkvg RynvB‡ii mg_©‡b wPrKvi K‡i D‡V| Avey Rvnj Zr¶Yvr eyS‡Z cv‡i cy‡iv e¨vcviwUB
Avm‡j c~e© cwiKwíZ Ges AviI Lvivc wKQy NUvi AvksKvq wcQy n‡U hvq| hLb Avj gyZÕwqg Pzw³cÎwU
wQ‡uo †djvi Rb¨ Kvevi Af¨š‡i— cÖ‡ek K‡i ZLb Zviv †`‡L Ò‡Zvgvi bv‡g, †n AvjvnÓ G evK¨wU Qvov evKx
meUzKz BwZg‡a¨B †cvKvi Avµg‡b bó n‡q †M‡Q|
9
‡kl ch©š— Av‡ivwcZ wb‡lavÁv cÖZ¨vnv‡ii ci ivmyj(mvt) I Zvui mvnvexiv cybivq g°vq wd‡i Av‡m Ges
Bmjvgx `vIqv‡Zi c_ †iva Kivi KzivBk‡ì mKj cÖ‡Póv e¨_© K‡i w`‡q g°vq gymwjg‡ì msL¨v w`b w`b e„w× †c‡Z
_v‡K| KzivBkiv me iKg Dcv‡q µgvMZ †Póv K‡iwQ‡jv gymwjg Ges Zv‡ì Øx‡bi gv‡S evuav n‡q `vouv‡Z| Zviv
†Póv K‡iwQ‡jv gynv¤§`(mvt) †K Øxb cÖPvi †_‡K weiZ ivLvi, wKš‘ me iKg evuav wecwË m‡Ë¡I Avjvni
mvnv‡h¨ PZz©w`‡K Qwo‡q c‡owQj Bmjvgx `vIqv‡Zi Avnevb|
Bmjvgx `vIqv‡Zi Rbms‡hvM chv©qt
Avjvni ivmyj(mvt) `vIqvZx Rxe‡b Av‡cv‡mi cwie‡Z© msMÖv‡gi c_B †e‡Q wb‡qwQ‡jb Ges Zvui `j‡K
KzivBk‡ì mvg‡b mivmwi Ges `„p fv‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡i Zv‡ì w`‡K GK KwVb P¨v‡jÄ Qyu‡o w`‡qwQ‡jb| d‡j,
KzivBk‡ì Dci Gi cÖfve hv nevi K_v ZvB n‡qwQj| Bmjv‡gi G `„p Avnevb‡K A¯^xKvi Kivq Zv‡ì Gi mv‡_
msN‡l© wjß nIqv Qvov †Kvb Dcvq wQj bv| GQvov Bmjv‡gi AvnŸv‡bi †h cÖKwZ… wQj Zv ¯^fveZB G‡K
KzivBk Ges ZrKvjxb mgv‡Ri mv‡_ msN‡l© wjß K‡iwQj| KviY, G Avnevb wQj Avjvni GKZ¡ev`‡K ¯^xKwZ…
†èvi, G Avnevb wQj g~wZ© c~Rv Z¨vM K‡i ïayB gvÎ Zvu‡K Bev`Z Kivi Avi ¶‡q hvIqv †h KjywlZ mgvR
eë¯’vi g‡a¨ KzivBkiv evm KiwQj Zv cy‡ivcywi e`‡j †djvi| g~jZt ivmyj(mvt) hLb KzivBk‡ì wPšv—-fvebvi
AmviZv cÖgvb K‡ib, Zv‡ì Dcvm¨ †è-‡èx‡K mgv‡R nvm¨Ki fv‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡ib, Zv‡ì ¶‡q hvIqv Rxeb
eë¯’v‡K Qy‡uo †d‡j †`b Ges m‡ev©cwi Zv‡ì wbcxob g~jK mgvR eë¯’vi gy‡Lvk D‡¤§vPb K‡ib ZLb ¯^fveZB
Bmjvg `vuwo‡q hvq ZrKvjxb mgv‡Ri mv‡_ mvsNwl©K GK Ae¯’v‡b|
AvjvnZvqvjvi bvwhjKZ… AvqvZ w`‡q wZwb cÖKv‡k¨ KzivBk‡ì Rxeb-eë¯’v‡K Avµgb Ki‡Zb | wZwb Zv‡ì
ïbv‡Zb †mB AvqvZ †hLv‡b AvjvnZvqvjv ej‡Qb,
ÒwbwðZ fv‡e †Zvgiv(Awek¦vmxiv)Ges †Zvgiv Avjvn‡K Qvov hv‡ì Dcvmbv K‡iv Zviv †Zv Rvnvbœv‡gi BÜb|Ó
[myiv Avj-Avw¤^qvt 98]
wZwb KwVb fv‡e mgv‡Ri cÖPwjZ †kvlbg~jK my`x eë¯’v‡K Avµgb Ki‡Zb|
ÒGes †Zvgiv my` wnmv‡e (Ab¨‡ì) hv w`‡q _v‡Kv, G Avkvq ‡h Zv e„w× cÖvß n‡e, Avjvni `„wó‡Z G‡Z †Kvb
e„w× †bB|Ó (myiv Avi-i“gt 39)
wZwb Avµgb Ki‡Zb Zv‡ì hviv gv‡c Kg †`q,
ÒaŸsm Zv‡ì Rb¨ hviv gv‡c Kg †`q, hLb Zviv A‡bï KvQ †_‡K †g‡c †bq cy‡ivcywi †bq, wKš‘ hLb Ab¨‡K †`q ZLb
cÖv‡cï PvB‡Z Kg †`q|Ó (myiv Avj-gyZdwdwdbt 1-3)
Gi djkÖ“wZ‡Z KzivBkiv ¯^vfvweK fv‡eB ivmyj(mvt)†K cÖwZnZ Kivi †Póv K‡i Ges Zvui I Zvui mvnvex‡ì
mv‡_ msN‡l© wjß nq| G msN‡l©i d‡j Zviv e¨w³ gynv¤§`(mvt) I Zvui cÖPvwiZ Øxb‡K AccÖPvi, wbhv©Zb,
eqKU mn wewfbœ Dcv‡q Avµgb Kivi AvcÖvY †Póv Pvjvq| Zv‡ì G‡nb Kvh©Kjv‡ci cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z ivmyj(mvt)
‡Kvb iKg bgbxqZv cÖ`k©b bv K‡i Zv‡ì åvš— `„wóf½xi wei“‡× KwVb msMÖvg Pvwj‡q hvb Ges Avjvni Av‡`k
Abymv‡i Zv‡ì Nuy‡Y aiv KjywlZ Av`k©‡K AvNv‡Z ¶Z-we¶Z K‡i gvbyl‡K Bmjv‡gi w`‡K Avnevb Ki‡Z
_v‡Kb| KzivBk‡ì kZ AZ¨vPvi Avi wbhv©Zb m‡Ë¡I wZwb(mvt) †Kvb iKg Av‡cvl ev mg‡SvZv QvovB me
gvbyl‡K Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ †`b, hwÌ Zvui bv wQj wb‡R‡K i¶v Kivi g‡Zv †Kvb eë¯’v, bv †c‡qwQ‡jb ev¯weK—
fv‡e ‡Kvb mvnvh¨, bv wQj Zvui c‡¶ †Kvb †RvU Avi bv Zvui Kv‡Q wQj †Kvb A¯¿| mgv‡Ri `„wó AvKl©b K‡i
Ges cÖwZØwÜ g‡bvfve wb‡qB wZwb(mvt) wb‡R‡K Dc¯’vcb K‡iwQ‡jb| mKj `~M©g evuav AwZµg K‡i wZwb
`„pZv I wek¦v‡mi mv‡_ gvbyl‡K Avjvni Øx‡bi w`‡K Avnevb K‡iwQ‡jb, wZwb(mvt) KLbI ¶gZvkxb KvD‡K `‡j
wfov‡bvi Rb¨ G‡ZvUzKz `~e©jZv‡K cÖkªq †`bwb Ges Avjvni evYx cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ memgq hš¿bv`vqK `~M©g
wMwic_ AwZµg Ki‡Z cÖ¯‘Z wQ‡jb| e¯‘Zt G Kvi‡bB KzivBkiv Zvui Ges Zvui Abymvix‡ì c‡_ †h KwVbZg
cÖwZeÜKZv ˆZix K‡iwQ‡jv Zv wZwb Aejxjvq AwZµg Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb|
Avjvni ivmyj(mvt) `¶Zv I mdjZvi mv‡_ m‡Zï Avnevb gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q ‡èvi ci gvbyl `‡j `‡j Bmjv‡gi
QvqvZ‡j Avm‡Z _v‡K Avi mZ¨ Zvi Avcb kw³‡Z civwRZ K‡i wg_¨v‡K| Gfv‡eB Bmjv‡gi Av‡jv Qwo‡q co‡Z
_v‡K Avieevmx‡ì g‡a¨, eû

10
g~wZ©c~Rvix, Lªxwðqvb a‡g©i Abymvix Bmjv‡gi Av‡jvq nq Av‡jvwKZ, Dciš‘ KzivBk‡ì †bZ¯’vbxq…
†jv‡KivI Mfxi AvMÖ‡n ïb‡Z _v‡K KziAv‡bi myjwjZ evYx|
ivmyj(mvt) g°vq _vKvKvjxb mg‡qB Avj-ZzdvBj Beb ÕAvgi Avj-`vDmx GKevi ‡mLv‡b Av‡mb| wZwb wQ‡jb
Avie‡ì g‡a¨ m¤§vwbZ, Zx² axkw³i AwaKvix Avi DPzu `‡ii GKRb Kwe| g°vi cv ivLvi mv‡_ mv‡_B KzivBkiv
Zv‡K gynv¤§` m¤ú‡K© mZK© K‡i †`q Ges e‡j, gynv¤§` n‡”Q GKRb fq¼i hv`yKi, Zvi K_v gvbyl‡K Zvi cwievi
†_‡K c„_K K‡i †d‡j| Zviv LyeB DwØMœ fv‡e Zv‡K e‡j †hb †m †Kvb fv‡eB gynv¤§‡ì mv‡_ K_v bv e‡j wKsev
Zvi K_vI bv ï‡b| Gici GKw`b ZzdvBj KvevM„‡n hvb, NUbvµ‡g gynv¤§`(mvt)I †mw`b †mLv‡b Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb|
ZzdvBj Zvui wKQy K_v ïb‡jb Ges Avwe®‹vi Ki‡jb G¸‡jv LyeB PgrKvi| Zvici wZwb wb‡RB wb‡R‡K
e‡jb,ÒAvjvni kc_, Avwg GKRb eyw×gvb gvbyl, GKRb Kwe, Lye fv‡jv fv‡eB Rvwb fv‡jv Avi g‡›ì cv_©K¨,
Zvn‡j GB gvbylwU hv ej‡Q Zv ïb‡Z Avgv‡K wK‡m evuav w`‡”Q ? hw` Zv fv‡jv nq Z‡e Avwg Aek¨B Zv MÖnb
Ki‡ev Avi hw` Lvivc nq Z‡e Zv Qyu‡o †d‡j †`‡ev|Ó Zvici wZwb gynv¤§`(mvt) †K Zvui M„n ch©š— Abymib
K‡ib Ges Zv‡K Zvi wb‡Ri meK_v Ly‡j e‡jb| gynv¤§`(mvt) Zv‡K KziAvb wZjIqvZ K‡i †kvbvb Ges Øxb
Bmjv‡gi w`‡K Avnevb K‡ib| ZzdvBj wØavnxb wP‡Ë mZ¨‡K Avwj½b K‡ib Ges gymwjg‡ì Aš©f~³— n‡q hvb|
Gici wZwb wbR †Mv‡Îi †jvK‡ì gv‡S wd‡i hvb Ges †mLv‡b Bmjvg cÖPv‡ii KvR ïi“ K‡ib|
bZzb bex Avwe©fv‡ei Lei ï‡b wekRb Lªxwðqv‡bi GKwU `j g°vq Av‡m gynv¤§`(mvt) Gi mv‡_ mv¶vr Ki‡Z|
ivmyj(mvt)Gi Avnevb ïbevi ci Zv‡K mZ¨ bex e‡j ¯^xKwZ… †`q Ges Zvui Dci wek¦vm ¯’vcb K‡i| GB NUbv ï‡b
KzivBkiv †µv‡a D¤§Ë n‡q c‡o Ges g°v Z¨vM Kivi mgq G `jwUi c_ †iva K‡i `vuovq, Zvici Qyu‡o †`q Zv‡ì w`‡K
Zxh©K Avi AcgvbRbK gše¨,— e‡j,ÒAvjvn †Zvgv‡ì aŸsm Ki“b! wK RNb¨ Lvivc †jvKB bv †Zvgiv| †Zvgv‡ì
¯^RvwZ †Zvgv‡ì GLv‡b cvwV‡q‡Q GB gvbylwUi e¨vcv‡i †LvuR Lei †bevi Rb¨| Avi †hB gvÎ bv †Zvgiv Zvi
mv‡_ mv¶vr Ki‡j Igwb wbR ag© Z¨vM K‡i Zvui Dci wek¦vm ¯’vcb Ki‡j!Ó wKš‘ G NUbv Zv‡ì Ae¯’vb‡K
G‡ZvUzKz Ujvqgvb bv K‡i eis Avjvni Dci Zv‡ì wek¦vm‡K K‡i AviI `„p Avi gReyZ K‡i| Gfv‡e, mgv‡R
ivmyj(mvt) Gi cÖfve h‡ZvB evo‡Z _v‡K, gvby‡li KziAv‡bi evYx ïbevi AvMÖnI Z‡Zv Mfxi n‡Z _v‡K| †kl ch©š
— Ggb Ae¯’v nq †h, KzivBk‡ì ga¨ n‡Z gynv¤§`(mvt) Gi †NviZi kÎ“I KziAv‡bi evYx ï‡b PgrKZ… n‡q fve‡Z
_v‡K gynv¤§` Avm‡j hv e‡j Zv meB mZ¨| Ges G fvebv Zv‡ì Ggb GK chv©‡q wb‡q hvq †h, Zviv †jvK P¶zi
A‡MvP‡i jywK‡q jywK‡q KziAvb ïb‡Z ïi“ K‡i|
gynv¤§`(mvt) hLb Zvui M„‡n bvgvR Av`vq Ki‡Zb ZLb Avey mywdqvb Beb nvie, Avey Rvnj ÕAvgi Beb wnkvg
Ges Avj-AvKbvm Beb myivBK Giv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB KziAvb ïbevi AvKv•Lvq G‡K A‡b¨‡K jywK‡q †mLv‡b Dcw¯’Z
n‡Zv| cÖ‡Z¨‡KB QÙ‡ek avib K‡i Ggb GK RvqMvq em‡Zv †hLvb †_‡K Zviv wZjIqvZ ïb‡Z cv‡i| †KDB †Ui
†c‡Zv bv AciR‡bi Dcw¯’wZ| Avjvni ivmyj(mvt) cÖwZw`bB iv‡Zi Bev`‡Zi Rb¨ DV‡Zb Ges KziAvb wZjIqvZ
Ki‡Zb| cÖwZ iv‡ZB Zviv Lye g‡bv‡hv‡Mi mv‡_ gš¿gy‡»i g‡Zv KziAvb ïb‡Zv †h ch©š— bv †fv‡ii Av‡jv dz‡U
D‡V, Zvici ZvovZvwo QÎf½ n‡q ¯’vb Z¨vM Ki‡Zv| Gfv‡e GKw`b evwo wdievi c‡_ nVvr K‡iB Zv‡ì G‡K A‡bï
mv‡_ mv¶vr n‡q hvq, d‡j AcÖ¯‘Z n‡q GKRb Av‡iKRb‡K Awfhy³ K‡i ej‡Z _v‡K, ÒLei`vi Ggb KvR †hb Avi bv
nq, hw` Avgv‡ì ga¨ n‡Z †Kvb `~e©j wP‡Ëi wb‡ev©a †jvK †Zvgv‡ì †`‡L †d‡j Z‡e wKš‘ mgv‡R †Zvgv‡ì
Ae¯’vb n‡q hv‡e boe‡o Avi cvjv gynv¤§‡ì w`‡KB Szu‡K hv‡e|Ó ciw`b Zviv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB Abyfe Ki‡Z _v‡K Zv‡ì
cv ‡hb Awb”Qvm‡Ë¡I Zv‡ì Pz¤^‡Ki g‡Zv †mw`‡KB †U‡b wb‡q hv‡”Q †hLv‡b Zviv KvwU‡q‡Q MZivZ | Zviv
wZbRb †mw`b AveviI gš¿gy» n‡q ï‡b gynv¤§`(mvt) Gi K‡Ú KziAv‡bi mygayi evYx| †fvi‡ejv evwo †divi c‡_
AveviI †`Lv nq Zv‡ì, GKBfv‡e Awfhy³ K‡i Zviv G‡K A‡b¨‡K, wKš‘, Gme †Kvb wKQyB Zv‡ì ZZxq… iv‡Z
†mLv‡b Dcw¯’Z nIqv †_‡K weiZ ivL‡Z cv‡i bv| ‡kl ch©š— Zviv hLb eyS‡Z cv‡i gynv¤§‡ì cÖPvwiZ evYxi
cÖwZ Zv‡ì AcÖwZ‡iva¨ `~e©jZv ZLb Zviv `„pwP‡Ë kc_ K‡i †h †mLv‡b Zviv Avi KLbB hv‡e bv| G NUbvwUi
d‡j g~jZt gynv¤§`(mvt) Gi e¨vcv‡i Zv‡ì Aš‡i— GKwU bZzb `„wóf½xi Rb¥ nq| wKš‘, G NUbvq g~jZt Zv‡ì
wb‡R‡ì `~e©jZv wb‡R‡ì Kv‡Q †hfv‡e D‡¤§vwPZ n‡q c‡o, †MvÎxq cÖavb wnmv‡e Zv †g‡b †bqv Zv‡ì Rb¨
n‡q hvq LyeB KóKi| Zviv G wm×v‡š— DcbxZ nq †h, GUv Ab¨‡ì‡K gynv¤§‡ì Øx‡bi cÖwZ AvKó… Ki‡e |
e¯‘Zt KzivBk‡ì ‰Zix meiKg cÖwZeÜKZv m‡Ë¡I Bmjv‡gi Av‡jv g°vi mxgvbv †f` K‡i Pvwiw`‡K Qwo‡q co‡Z
_v‡K Ges †kl ch©š— Zv‡ì Avk¼v‡K m‡Z¨ cwiYZ K‡i Bmjv‡gi Avnevb Avie DcØx‡ci mg¯— †MvÎ ¸‡jvi gv‡S
Qwo‡q c‡o| G chv©‡q Zviv gynv¤§`(mvt) Ges Zvui Abymvix‡ì wei“‡× cÖPÛ AvµgbvZ¥K f~wgKv MÖnb K‡i|
µgea©gvb wbhv©Zb Avi Avµgb hLb m‡nï mxgv Qvwo‡q †h‡Z _v‡K ZLb ivmyj(mvt) Zvwqd †Mv‡Îi Kv‡Q
bymivn (mvnvh¨) Avi eby QvwKd †Mv‡Îi Kv‡Q wbivcËv Pvb GB Avkvq †h Zviv nq‡Zv Bmjvg MÖnb Ki‡e|
wZwb wb‡R Zv‡ì‡K Bmjv‡gi w`‡K Avnevb K‡ib, wKš‘ wewbg‡q Zviv gynv¤§`(mvt) Gi mv‡_ K‡i cÖPÛ iƒp
Avi wbg©g AvPib| Zv‡ì †jwj‡q †`qv `vm Avi eLv‡U †Q‡jiv gynv¤§`(mvt)†K bvbv iKg KUzw³ K‡iB ¶vš— nq
bv †mBmv‡_
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Aweivg fv‡e cv_i wb‡¶c K‡i Zvui cv †_‡K gv_v ch©š— K‡i †d‡j i³v³| G‡ì wbg©g AZ¨vPvi †_‡K †invB †c‡Z
wZwb(mvt) iweÕqvni cyÎ kvwee I kvqevi †LRyi evMv‡b Avkªq ‡bb Ges †mLv‡b e‡m welbœ ü`‡q fve‡Z _v‡Kb
Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ I Zvui eZ©gvb cwiw¯’wZi K_v| He knew that he could not enter Makkah without one of the
leaders’ protection, neither could he go back to Ta’if after the way he had been treated there, and he could not stay
in the orchard for it belonged to two disbelievers. cÖPÛ Amnvq fv‡e wZwb ggv©nZ Avi ¶Z-we¶Z ü`‡q AvKv‡ki
w`‡K `yÕnvZ DPuy K‡i Avjvni
Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv K‡ib| e¨w_Z ü`‡q cÖPÛ `„pZvi mv‡_ e‡jb,ÒcÖfy Avgvi! Avwg `~e©j, Amnvq, mnvq m¤^jnxb,
bMb¨| ZvB gvby‡li D‡c¶vi cvÎ| Avgvi mKj e¨_©Zv Kvu‡a wb‡q Avwg AvR †ZvgviB Kv‡Q Av‡e`b KiwQ| cig
Ki“Yvgq Avgvi! ZywgB †Zv `~e©j Avi Amnv‡qi Avkªq`vZv| Zzwg wK GB me gvby‡li wbôziZvi DciB Avgv‡K
†Q‡o w`‡”Qv cÖfy? hviv Avgvi Amnvq‡Z¡i my‡hvM †bq wKsev Avgvi mv‡_ kÎ“Zv K‡i Zzwg wK Zv‡ì `qvi
DciB wK Avgv‡K †Q‡o w`‡j? Zzwg hw` Avgvi Dci bvivR bv n‡q _v‡Kv Z‡e Avgvi Avi wKQyi c‡ivqv †bB|
Zzwg hw` Avgv‡K `vI wbivcËv Z‡e GUzKzB Avgvi Rb¨ h‡_ó| Zywg Avgv‡K Ggb wbivcËv `vI †hb mKj Avauvi
†K‡U wM‡q Avgvi Pvwiw`K nq Av‡jvwKZ| Av‡jvwKZ nq Avgvi BnKvj Avi ciKvj| ‡Zvgvi †µva bq, Avgvi Dci
Ki“Yv ewl©Z K‡iv `qvgq| wbðqB ZzwgB mKj wKQyi Dci ¶gZvevb, wbðqB †Zvgvi nv‡ZB me©gq KZ©Z¡|Ó…
(dua translation needs recheck)
cieZx©‡Z ivmyj(mvt) Avj-gyZÕwqg Beb ÕAvwì wbivcËvq g°vq wd‡i Av‡mb| Gw`‡K KzivBk‡ì Kv‡b
Zvwq‡di NUbv †cuŠQv‡bvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zviv Zv‡ì AZ¨vPvi Avi `~e¨©env‡ii gvÎv e„w× K‡i Ges Zviv
g°vevmx‡ì gynv¤§`(mvt) Avnev‡b mvov w`‡Z wb‡la K‡i| G wb‡lavÁvi d‡j g°vevmxiv Zvui mvnPvh© cwiZ¨vM
K‡i Ges Zvui Avnevb ‡kvbv †_‡K weiZ _v‡K| G‡Zv wKQyi ciI gynv¤§`(mvt) we›`ygvÎ †f‡½ bv c‡o Drm‡ei gvm
¸‡jv‡Z AvMZ †Mv‡Îi gvbyl‡ì Avjvni Øx‡bi c‡_ Avnevb Ki‡Z _v‡Kb, Zv‡ì‡K Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ †`b Ges
wb‡R‡K Avjvni †cÖwiZ ivmyj wnmv‡e Zv‡ì Kv‡Q Dc¯’vcb K‡i Zvui Dci Cgvb Avb‡Z e‡jb| wKš‘ wZwb(mvt)
cÖwZ c`‡¶‡cB nb Zvui Awek¦vmx Ges KzwUj gvbwmKZvi PvPv Avey jvnv‡ei bRi`vixi wkKvi| †m AvMZ
†Mv‡Îi †jvK‡ì Avnevb K‡i ivmyj(mvt)†K D‡c¶v Ki‡Z, Zvui K_v bv ïb‡Z wKsev Zvui cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM
cÖ`k©b bv Ki‡Z|
Gici `vIqvZx KvR cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ gynv¤§`(mvt) wfbœ cš’v Aej¤^b K‡ib| wZwb(mvt) wewfbœ †Mv‡Îi Avevm¯’‡j
hvb Ges Zv‡ì Kv‡Q wb‡R‡K Dc¯’vcb K‡ib| wZwb wK›`v, Kvje, eby nvwbdvn, Ges eby ÕAvwgi Beb mvÕmvn
†MvÎ ¸‡jv‡K Avnevb K‡ib mZ¨ Øx‡bi c‡_| wKš‘, Giv mK‡jB ivmyj(mvt) Gi Avnev‡b mvov bv w`‡q wZ³Zvi
mv‡_ Zvui we‡ivwaZv K‡i we‡kl K‡i eby nvwbdvn | eby ÕAvwgi Beb mvÕmvn Zvui (mvt) g„Zyï ci Kvw•LZ
KZ©‡Z¡i… `vex K‡i| wZwb(mvt) e‡jb,Òkvmb-KZ©„Z¡ †Zv ïayB Avjvni nv‡Z Ges wZwb hv‡K Lykx Zv‡K Zv
`vb K‡ib|Ó GK_v †kvbvi ci eby ÕAvwgi †Kvb iKg mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡i|
\
Gfv‡e g°v I Zvwqdevmx mn mKj †Mv‡Îi †jv‡Kiv Bmjvg cÖZ¨vLvb K‡i| g°vq eëmv-evwY‡Rï D‡Ï‡k¨ AvMZ
Ab¨ mKj †Mv‡Îi †jv‡Kiv µgkt GBme NUbv m¤ú‡K© AewnZ nq Ges Lye ¯^vfvweK fv‡eB Zviv m‡i hvq
gynv¤§`(mvt) †_‡K A‡bK A‡bK `~‡i| mg¯— RvqMv †_‡K cÖZ¨vLvZ gynv¤§`(mvt) n‡q c‡ob m¤ú~Y© GKvKx
| g°vevmx‡ì Pig cÖZ¨vLvb, Awek¦vm Avi cÖPÛ we‡ivwaZvi gy‡L Zvui g°vq Øxb cÖPvi‡K µgkt KwVbZi K‡i
Zz‡j Avi g°vevmx‡ì Bmjvg MÖnb Kivi m¤¢vebvI ax‡i ax‡i K‡g Avm‡Z _v‡K|
Bmjvgx `vIqv‡Zi `ywU chv©qt
g°vq gynv¤§`(mvt) Gi `vIqvZx Kvh©µ‡gi g~jZ `ywU chv©q i‡q‡Q| cÖ_g chv©‡q ivmyj(mvt) mvnex‡ì Øxb
wk¶v †`b Ges Zv‡ì eyw×e„wËK I AvwZ¥K DbœwZ NUvb| Avi wØZxq chv©‡q Øxb Bmjv‡gi cÖPvi K‡ib Ges
†mB mv‡_ ïi“ nq msMÖvg| cÖ_g chv©‡qi g~j j¶¨ w©Qj Øx‡bi GB m¤ú~Y© bZzb a¨vb-aviYv Zv‡ì Aš‡i— `„p
fv‡e †cÖvw_Z K‡i †mB Av‡jv‡K Zv‡ì PwiÎ‡K M‡o ‡Zvjv Ges Zv‡ì msMwUZ Kiv | Avi cieZx© chv©‡qi j¶¨
wQj GB Av`k© wfwËK a¨vb-aviYv My‡jv‡K Ggb GK PvwjKv kw³‡Z cwiYZ Kiv hv mgv‡Ri cÖwZwU ¯‡i—
G¸‡jv‡K ev¯evqb— K‡i mgvR‡K G‡Kev‡i bZzb K‡i †X‡j mvRv‡bv| Avm‡j ev¯evqb— bv nIqv ch©š— ‡h †Kvb
Av`k© ev a¨vb-avibvB n‡jv cÖvYnxb KZ¸‡jv ZË¡ K_vi mgwó, Rxe‡b hvi †Kvb ev¯e— cÖfve †bB| wbRx©e GB
me ZË¡ K_v¸‡jv‡Z cÖv‡Yi mÂvi Ki‡Z Ges G¸‡jv mgv‡Ri cÖwZwU ¯‡i— Kvh©Kix Ki‡Z cÖ_‡g cÖ‡qvRb GB
a¨vbÑaviYv ¸‡jv‡K cÖPÛ GK PvwjKv kw³‡Z cwiYZ Kiv| hv mgv‡Ri gvbyl ¯^ZtùzZ© fv‡e MÖnb Ki‡e, G¸‡jvi
MfxiZv Abyfe Ki‡e, cÖPvi Ki‡e Ges m‡ev©cwi G¸‡jvi ev¯evq‡bi— Rb¨ msMÖvg Ki‡Z cÖ¯‘Z _vK‡e| GiKg
GKUv cwiw¯’‡ZB †Kej mgv‡R bZzb GB Av`k©‡K ev¯evqb— Kiv m¤¢e n‡e |
gynv¤§`(mvt) wVK G c×wZ‡ZB g°vq Zvui Øxb cÖPvi K‡iwQ‡jb| cÖ_g chv©‡q wZwb gvbyl‡K Bmjv‡gi w`‡K
Avnevb K‡ib, Bmjvgx a¨vb-aviYvi Av‡jv‡K Zv‡ì PwiÎ‡K M‡o †Zv‡jb Ges Zv‡ì‡K Bmjv‡gi wbqg bxwZ ¸‡jv
wk¶v †`b| G chv©‡q wZwb gvbyl‡K

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Bmjvgx AvKx`vni(wek¦vm) wfwË‡Z GKwÎZ Ki‡Zb Ges ‡Mvc‡b Zv‡ì‡K Øxb wk¶v w`‡Zb| Avjvni ivmyj(mvt)
weiwZnxb fv‡e gvbyl‡K Bmjv‡gi w`‡K Avnevb K‡ib Ges cÖPÛ wbôvi mv‡_ Bmjv‡gi Av‡jv‡K Zvui
Abymvix‡ì PwiÎ M‡o †Zv‡jb| wZwb Zv‡ì‡K Avj AviKvg(iv) Gi evwo‡Z GKwÎZ Ki‡Zb A_ev bIgymwj‡gi wbR
evwo‡Z ev DcZ¨Kvq KvD‡K cvVv‡Zb, †hLv‡b Zviv †Mvc‡b K‡qKRb GKwÎZ n‡q Øxb wk¶v Ki‡Zb| Gfv‡e
Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Cgvbx kw³ e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K, Zv‡ì ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ m¤úK© Mfxi nq Ges m‡ev©cwi bZzb GB Øxb‡K
Zviv Ggb fv‡e Abyaveb K‡i †h, Øxb cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ Rb¨ Zviv mewKQy Z¨vM Ki‡Z cÖ¯‘Z n‡q hvq| Bmjv‡gi
Av`k© Zv‡ì ü`‡q I Aš‡i— Ggb fv‡e †cÖvw_Z n‡q hvq †h, Zv‡ì i‡³i cÖwZwU Aby cigvbyi g‡a¨ wg‡k hvq
Bmjvgx wPšv— †PZbv Ges Zviv cÖ‡Z¨‡K n‡q hvq Øxb Bmjv‡gi Rxeš— D`vnvib| Zv‡ì cÖwZwU Kvh©Kjv‡ci
gva¨‡g cÖKvk †c‡Z _v‡K Bmjv‡gi †mŠ›`h© Ges Zviv kZ †Póvi ciI KzivBk‡ì KvQ †_‡K Zv‡ì Bmjvg MÖn‡bi
msev` †Mvcb Ki‡Z e¨_© nq|
Zviv wek¦¯— Ges Bmjvg MÖnb Kivi g‡Zv gb-gvbwlKZv m¤úbœ †jvK‡ì mv‡_ K_v ej‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| Gfv‡e,
g°vevmxiv Zv‡ì Avnevb m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z ïi“ K‡i Ges mgv‡R Zv‡ì Aw¯Z¡— Abyfe Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡i| GUv wQj
g~jZt `vIqv‡Zi cÖv_wgK chv©q Ges Gici cÖ‡qvRb nq Bmjvgx Avnevb‡K mgv‡Ri gv‡S e¨vcK fv‡e Qwo‡q
†`qvi| cieZx©‡Z hLb ïi“ nq e¨vcK MYms‡hvM Ges Bmjv‡gi Avnevb wjß nq mgv‡Ri cÖPwjZ a¨vb-avibvi mv‡_
cÖKvk¨ msN‡l©, g~jZt ZLb †_‡KB Bmjvgx `vIqvZ bIgymwjg‡ì GKwÎZ K‡i Zv‡ì Øxb wk¶v †èvi chv©q
AwZµg K‡i wØZxq chv©‡q cÖ‡ek K‡i| G chv©‡q gvbyl Bmjvgx Av`k© m¤ú‡K© we¯vwiZ— Rvb‡Z ïi“ K‡i|
d‡j, wKQy gvbyl Bmjv‡gi Avnev‡b mvov w`‡q Bmjvg MÖnb K‡i Avi evKxiv Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i Ges Gi mv‡_
msN‡l© wjß nq| e¯‘Z, Kzdi I evwZjkw³i Dci Ges Cgvb Ges b¨vqcivqbZv Rqjv‡fi c~‡e© G ai‡bi msNvZ
Awbevh©| GQvov mZ¨‡K MÖnb bv Ki‡Z gvbyl hZB `„p msKíe× †nvK bv †Kb, cÖKZc‡¶,… Zv‡ì Aši— m‡Zï
Awb©evb wkLv‡K cvk KvwU‡q †h‡ZI cv‡i bv, Avevi Av‡jvwKZ Av`k© w`‡q cÖfvweZ bv n‡qI cv‡i bv| bv
cv‡i Zviv Zv‡ì we‡Ølx g‡bvfve w`‡q mZ¨ weKv‡ki c_‡K wPiKv‡ji Rb¨ i“‡L w`‡Z|
Gfv‡eB Kzdi Avi Bmjv‡gi cÖPÛ iKg ci¯úi we‡ivax a¨vb-avibvi gv‡S msNvZ I msN‡l©i ga¨ w`‡q GwM‡q P‡j
Bmjvgx `vIqv‡Zi MYms‡hvM chv©q| G chv©q ïi“ nq †mB mgq †_‡K hLb Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Zvui mvnvex‡ì
m‡½ K‡i Ggb fv‡e KvevNi cÖ`w¶b K‡ib hv g°vevmx‡ì Kv‡Q wQj G‡Kev‡iB AcÖZ¨vwkZ| g~jZt GB mgq
†_‡KB ivmyj(mv.) Kvwdi‡ì cÖPwjZ Rxeb-eë¯’v‡K P¨v‡jÄ K‡i cÖKv‡k¨ mgv‡Ri gvbyl‡K Bmjv‡gi w`‡K
Avnevb K‡ib|
G mgq ivmyj(mv.) Gi Dci AeZxY© Inx Øviv Avjvn myenvbyIqvZvqvjv Zvui GKZ¡ev‡ì †Nvlbv †`b Ges GKB
mv‡_ †KviAv‡bi Avqv‡Zi gva¨‡gB Kzdi Rxeb-eë¯’v I gywZ©c~Rv‡K evwZj e‡j ‡Nvlbv K‡ib| GQvov, G mgqB
Avjvni c¶ †_‡K Ggb me AvqvZ bvwRj nq †hLv‡b Kvwdi‡ì AÜfv‡e Zv‡ì c~e©cyi“l‡ì Rxebaviv‡K AbyKib
Kiv‡K Zxeª fv‡e mgv‡jvPbv Kiv nq| AvqvZ bvwRj nq mgv‡Ri cÖZvibvc~Y© †jb-‡`‡bi cÖKZ… †Pnviv
D‡¤§vPb K‡i, †h mKj Avqv‡Z my`wfwËK †jb-‡`b Ges IR‡b Kg †`qvi g‡Zv ¶‡q hvIqv g~j¨‡eva‡K cÖPÛ fv‡e
AvµgY Kiv nq| mgv‡Ri gvbyl‡K Bmjv‡gi w`‡K Avnevb Kivi Rb¨ gynv¤§`(mv.) Zv‡ì GKwÎZ K‡i Zv‡ì‡K
Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ w`‡Zb| G j‡¶¨ wZwb Zvui †Mv‡Îi †jvK‡ì GKwÎZ Ki‡Zb, Zv‡ì Lvev‡ii Rb¨ Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡Zb,
Zvici Zv‡ì‡K Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ w`‡Zb Ges Zv‡ì mn‡hvwMZv PvB‡Zb| wKš‘ ‡Mv‡Îi †jv‡Kiv Zv‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb
KiZ| wZwb(mv.) mvdv cvnv‡oi cv`‡`‡k g°vevmx‡ì GKwÎZ K‡i Zv‡ì‡K Bmjv‡gi w`‡K Avnevb K‡iwQ‡jb,
wKš‘ Zvui G Avnevb ïayBgvÎ KzivBk †bZve„†›ì we‡kl K‡i Avey jvnv‡ei †µv‡ai KviY n‡qwQ‡jv| d‡j, Avjvni
ivmy‡ji mv‡_ KzivBk m¤cÖ`vq I Ab¨vb¨ Avi‡ei ga¨Kvi m¤ú‡K©i Zx¶Zv AviI Mfxi n‡qwQ‡jv| Gfv‡e mvnvex‡ì
`vi-Dj-AviKvg Ges DcZ¨Kvq †Mvc‡b we‡kl fv‡e wk¶v ‡èvi mv‡_ mv‡_ MYms‡hv‡Mi chv©qI `vIqvZx
Kvh©µ‡gi Aš©f~³— n‡jv|
Gfv‡e, Bmjv‡gi Avnevb ïaygvÎ †hvM¨ Ges m¤¢vebvgq e¨w³‡ì cwie‡Z© mvavib fv‡e mgv‡Ri mg¯— gvby‡li
Kv‡Q †cŠu‡Q †Mj| e¯‘Zt Bmjv‡gi Avnev‡bi kw³‡Z kw¼Z n‡q KzivBkiv hLb ivmyj(mv.) I Zvui mvnvex‡ì w`‡K
cywÄf~Z †¶vf Avi N„Yvi evY wb‡¶c Ki‡Z jvM‡jv, ZLbB Bmjv‡gi cÖKvk¨ G Avnevb Ges Bmjvgx †PZbv`„ß
e¨w³ ˆZixi cÖfve mgv‡R cÖKvwkZ n‡Z jvM‡jv| Bmjvgx Av`k© evwZj kw³i wei“‡× hZ †ekx kw³kvjx n‡q DV‡jv,
Zv ZZ‡ekx Kvwdi‡ì †µva Avi N„Yvi KviY n‡q DV‡jv | Kvwdiiv hLb Abyfe Ki‡jv Zviv †Kvbfv‡eB
gynv¤§`(mv.) Ges Zvui cÖPvwiZ Av`k©‡K cvk KvUv‡Z cvi‡e bv, ZLb Zviv Bmjv‡gi Avnevb wPiZ‡i eÜ K‡i
†èvi j‡¶¨ D‡V c‡o jvM‡jv| Avi †mBmv‡_ gynv¤§`(mv.) Ges Zvui mvnvex‡ì cÖwZ Kvwdi‡ì AZ¨vPvi
wbhv©Z‡bi gvÎv Pzovš— AvKvi aviY Ki‡jv|
e¯‘Zt gymwjg‡ì cÖKvk¨ Rbm¤§y‡L Avnevb mgvR‡K e¨vcK fv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡iwQ‡jv| hv `vIqvZx Kvh©µg‡K
AviI GwM‡q wb‡q hvevi Rb¨ mgv‡R ˆZix K‡iwQ‡jv cÖ‡qvRbxq RbgZ Ges Gi mvnv‡h¨B cieZ©x‡Z `vIqv‡Zi
GB Kvh©µg mg¯— g°ve¨vcx `ª“Z Qwo‡q

13
c‡owQ‡jv| Gfv‡e hZB w`b †h‡Z jvM‡jv gymwjg‡ì msL¨v e„w× †c‡Z _vK‡jv| Bmjv‡gi QvqvZ‡j ‡hfv‡e Avm‡Z
jvM‡jv ewÂZ, wbh©vwZZ Avi wbcxwoZ Rb‡Mvwô, GKB fv‡e mgv‡Ri m¤§vwbZ I †bZ¯’vbxq… gvbyl mn abx
eëmvqx †kªbxi gvbylI Av‡jvwKZ n‡jv m‡Zï Av‡jvq| e¯‘Zt Zv‡ì abm¤ú` ev eëmv-evwYR¨ Zv‡ì‡K ivmyj(mv.)
Gi mZ¨ Avnev‡b mvov †èvi KZ©e¨ †_‡K weiZ ivL‡Z cv‡iwb| e¯‘Zt hviv Bmjvg MÖnb K‡iwQ‡jv Zviv ü`q w`‡q
Dcjwä K‡iwQ‡jv cweÎZv, cÖÁv I m‡Zï †mŠ›`h©‡K| hv Zv‡ì gy³ K‡iwQ‡jv gvbePwi‡Îi AÜ †MvqvZ©ywg Ges
wg_¨v AnwgKvi KjylZv †_‡K| Bmjvg MÖnb Kivi g~û‡Z©B Zviv eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jv G Avnev‡bi b¨vqm½Z wfwË
I AvnevbKvixi mZ¨wbôZv| Gfv‡e g°vi cÖwZwU cÖv‡š— Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ †cuŠ‡Q †Mj Ges g°vi bvix-cyi“l
Bmjvg MÖnb Ki‡Z jvM‡jv| hwÌ g°vevmx‡ì cÖKv‡k¨ Ges mgwóMZ fv‡e Avnevb Kivi d‡j gymwjg‡ì Dci
AZ¨vPvi I wbh©vZ‡bi gvÎv Zxeª n‡qwQ‡jv, ZeyI g~jZt G cÖKvk¨ AvnevbB Bmjv‡gi Avnevb‡K e¨vcK we¯wZ…
— jv‡f mnvqZv K‡iwQ‡jv| Bmjvgx `vIqv‡Zi mvdj¨ †bZ¯’vbxq… KzivBk‡ì ïay †µv‡ai KvibB nqwb, eis G mvdj¨
Zv‡ì Aš‡i— Zxeª cÖwZwnsmvi Av¸b cÖ¾¡wjZ K‡iwQ‡jv| KviY, Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) g°vi mgv‡R kw³kvjx fv‡e
cÖwZwôZ Ryjyg-wbh©vZb I †kvlb-eÂbvi g‡Zv Amy¯’, A‰bwZK I weKZ… a¨vb-avibv¸‡jv‡K cÖPÛ fv‡e
AvNvZ K‡iwQ‡jb Ges Gi wei“‡× Abgbxq fv‡e Av`wk©K msMÖv‡g wjß n‡qwQ‡jb|
cÖKvk¨ fv‡e Avnev‡bi GB ch©vqwU wQ‡jv g~jZt GKwU Pzovš— fv‡e cv_©K¨Kvix ch©vq| Gi GKw`‡K
wQ‡jb Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) I Zvui mvnvexe„›` Ges Aciw`‡K wQ‡jv Kvwdi †bZe„›`… I KzivBk m¤cÖ`vq| hwÌ Gi
gaëZ©x mgq A_©vr, Bmjvgx e¨w³Ë¡ MVb Ges cÖKv‡k¨ MYms‡hv‡Mi ga¨Kvi mgqwU‡KI we‡ePbv Kiv nq
LyeB bvRyK Ges ¯úk©KvZi wnmv‡e, KviY GB mgq Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ‡K GwM‡q wb‡q hvevi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb
wQ‡jv cÖPÛ cwigvY cÖÁv, Aš©`„wó,— âh¨ Ges m‡e©vcwi mwVK mg‡q mwVK wm×vš— †bevi wbcyb
¶gZvi| wKš‘, ZviciI cÖKvk¨ MYms‡hvM ch©vq‡KB mePvB‡Z KwVb mgq e‡j we‡ePbv Kiv nq| KviY, G Rb¨
gymwjg‡ì mZ¨‡K wbf©‡q cÖPvi Kiv Ges evwZj kw³ I kvmb-eë¯’v‡K mivmwi A¯^xKvi Kivi g‡Zv cÖPÛ
cwigvY mvnm I cwiYwZ‡Z †h †Kvb ai‡bi cwiYvg †g‡b †bevi Rb¨ gvbwmK `„pZvi cÖ‡qvRb wQ‡jv| GUv G
Kvi‡bB †h, gymwjg‡ì Rb¨ Øxb Ges Cgv‡bi cix¶v wQ‡jv AeavwiZ|
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Ges Zvui mvnvexiv ce©Zmg AZ¨vPvi, wbcxob, wbh©vZb I Avµgb mn¨ K‡i Cgv‡bi G cix¶vq
mvd‡jï mv‡_ DË©xY© nb|
cÖPÛ AvµgbvZ¥K I wbcxobg~jK G AZ¨vPv‡ii m¤§yLxb n‡q gymwjg‡ì GKwU `j g°v Z¨vM K‡i
Avwewmwbqvq P‡j hvq, †KD †KD wbg©g wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi n‡q kvnv`vZ eiY K‡i Avi wKQy msL¨K gymwjg
wbh©vZb mn¨ K‡i g°vqB †_‡K hvq| gymwjgiv ZZ¶b ch©š— GKvMÖwP‡Ë `„pZv Ges GKvwbôZvi mv‡_ evwZj
kw³i wei“‡× Zv‡ì Av‡›`vjb I msMÖvg Pvwj‡q †h‡Z _v‡K hZ¶b ch©š— bv Bmjv‡gi Av‡jvwKZ Avnevb Kzdi
a¨vb-avibvi wbKl Kv‡jv AÜKv‡i Wy‡e _vKv g°vi mgvR‡K cÖPÛ fv‡e AvNvZ K‡i| hwÌ gynv¤§`(mv.) Gi
`vIqvZx Kvh©µ‡gi cÖ_g wZbeQi g~jZt Avj-AviKvg(iv.) Gi M„‡nB mxgve× wQ‡jv Ges G mgqUvB wQ‡jv
`vIqv‡Zi cÖv_wgK ch©vq, wKš‘ ZviciI cieZ©x AvUeQi Avjvni ivmyj(mv.)†K Ki‡Z n‡qwQ‡jv KwVb msMÖvg|
wewfbœ A‡jŠwKK NUbvi gva¨‡g beyI‡Zi my¯úó cÖgvY †èvi ciI cieZ©x eQi¸‡jv‡Z Zv‡K wjß n‡Z n‡qwQ‡jv
evwZj kw³i wei“‡× fqven msMÖv‡g | e¯‘Zt G mgqUv ¯§iYxq n‡q Av‡Q GRb¨ †h, G `xN© AvUeQ‡i KzivBkiv
gymwjg‡ì GKgyû‡Z©i Rb¨ AZ¨vPvi I wbh©vZb Kiv †_‡K weiZ nqwb, bv Zviv †`wL‡qwQ‡jv gymwjg I
Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ †KvbiK‡gi †Kvb mnvbyf~wZ| gymwjg I KzivBk‡ì ga¨Kvi GB mvsNwl©K Ges wecixZgyLx
Ae¯’v‡bi cwi‡cÖw¶‡ZB Bmjv‡gi Avnevb mg¯— Avie DcØxc Ry‡o Qwo‡q c‡o Ges mg¯— gvby‡li Kv‡Q
Bmjvg GKwU Av‡jvPbvi wel‡q cwiYZ nq| GQvov, n¾¡ Ki‡Z AvMZ Avie‡ì gva¨‡gI G Avnevb Avie †MvÎ¸‡jvi
gv‡S we¯wZ…— jvf K‡i| wKš‘, G Avie ‡MvÎ¸‡jv KzivBk‡ì mv‡_ m¤úK© bó n‡q hvevi Avk¼vq Cgvb Avbvi
e¨vcv‡i we›`ygvÎ AvMÖn bv †`wL‡q g~jZt `k©‡Ki f~wgKv cvjb K‡i Ges gynv¤§`(mv.) Ges Zvui cÖPvwiZ
Av`k©‡K m¤ú~b© fv‡e cvk KvwU‡q hvq| e¯‘Zt gynv¤§`(mv.) Ges Zvui mvnvex‡ì GB fq¼i Ae¯’vB `vIqv‡Zi
ZZxq… ch©vq A_©vr †h ch©vq Bmjvg‡K m¤ú~b© fv‡e cÖ‡qvM Ki‡e Zvi Acwinvh©Zv‡K cÖgvY K‡i|
g°vevmxi Bmjvgx `vIqv‡Zi cÖwZ Giƒc we‡Øl I mwnsmZv ax‡i ax‡i g°vq Bmjvg cÖwZôv Kivi mg¯— m¤
¢vebv‡K bvKP K‡i †`q| Dciš‘, gymwjg‡ì Dci Kvwdi‡ì µgea©gvb AZ¨vPvi I wbh©vZb `vIqvZx Kvh©µ‡gi c‡_
weivU evuav n‡q `vuovq| G Ae¯’v AviI RwUj AvKvi avib K‡i hLb g°vevmx m¤ú~Y© fv‡e Bmjvg‡K cÖZ¨vLvb
K‡i|
`vIqvZx Kvh©µ‡gi m¤cÖmvibt
gynv¤§`(mv.) eby mvwKd Ges Zv‡qd †MvÎ KZ©K… wbg©g AvNv‡Z ¶Zwe¶Z Ges n‡¾¡i †gŠmy‡g wK›`v, Kvje,
eby ÕAv-wgi I eby nvwbdv KZ©K… m¤ú~Y© fv‡e cÖZ¨vL¨vZ nevi ci †_‡KB g~jZt Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Ges
Zvui mvnvex‡ì cÖwZ KzivBk‡ì mwnsmZv Pzovš— AvKvi

14
avib K‡i| G Ae¯’v KzivBk‡ì gynv¤§`(mv.) Ges Zvui `j‡K mgvR I ewn©RMr †_‡K Av‡iv wew”Qbœ Kivi
my‡hvM ˆZix K‡i †`q| wKš‘, G mg¯— NUbv Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) I Zvui mvnvex‡ì `„p Cgv‡b bv †Kvb dvUj
aiv‡Z cv‡i, bv Zviv Avjvni cÖwZkÖ“Z weR‡qi e¨vcv‡i KL‡bv m‡›`n cÖKvk K‡ib | eis, Zviv †kl g~ûZ© ch©š—
mZ¨ c‡_i Dci AwePj fv‡e `Ûvqgvb _v‡K|
Gfv‡e, gynv¤§`(mv.) Zvui `vIqvZx Kvh©µg Pvwj‡q †h‡Z _v‡Kb Ges cwiYvg wb‡q we›`ygvÎ wPwšZ— bv n‡q
hLbB m¤¢e wewfbœ †Mv‡Îi Kv‡Q wb‡R‡K Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| KzivBk m¤cÖ`v‡qi ga¨ †_‡K †KD †KD ‡Póv
K‡i‡Q Zvui AvwbZ Øx‡bi fwel¨Z wb‡q e¨½-we`ª“c I VvÆv Zvgvkv Ki‡Z, wKš‘ wZwb Gme KUzw³ ev nxb gš‡e¨
— KL‡bv Kvb †`bwb ev Bmjv‡gi weR‡qi e¨vcv‡i G‡ZvUzKz m‡›`n cÖKvk K‡ibwb| wZwb Rvb‡Zb
AvjvnZvqvjv Zv‡K Zvui ivmyj wnmv‡e cvwV‡q‡Qb| ZvB, Zvu‡K(mv.) meiKg ¶wZ †_‡K i¶v Kiv Ges Zvui
g‡bvbxZ Øxb‡K c„w_exi ey‡K cÖwZôv Kiv ZvuiB `vwqZ¡| ZvB wZwb `vIqvZx Kvh©µ‡gi fq¼i m¼Uc~Y©
Ae¯’v‡ZI AwePj †_‡K‡Qb Ges mš‘ó wP‡Ë Avjvni mvnv‡hï A‡c¶v K‡i‡Qb|
‡mŠfvMëkZ Bmjv‡gi weR‡qi Rb¨ gynv¤§`(mv.)‡K Lye †ekxw`b A‡c¶v Ki‡Z nqwb| n‡¾¡i †gŠmy‡g Bqvmwie
(g`xbv) †_‡K AvMZ Avj-LvhivR †Mv‡Îi GK`j gvbyl hLb Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Gi Avnev‡b Bmjvg MÖnb Ki‡jv
ZLbB Zvui AvwbZ Øx‡bi weR‡qi j¶b ¸‡jv my¯úó fv‡e cÖKvwkZ n‡Z _vK‡jv|
Avjvni ivmy‡ji Avnevb †kvbvi ci Zviv G‡K A‡bï w`‡K ZvwK‡q e‡j,ÒAvjvni Kmg, GB n‡”Q †mB bex hvi K_v
Avgiv Bû`x‡ì Kv‡Q ï‡bwQ Ges Avgiv Zvu‡K(Avjvni ivmyj‡K) †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB Avgv‡ì c~‡e© Zv‡ì
¯^xKwZ… †èvi my‡hvM †`‡ev bv|Ó Gici Zviv ivmyj(mv.) Gi Avnev‡b mvov †`q Ges Bmjvg MÖnb K‡i| They
said to him, “we have left our people (Aws & Khazraj), for no tribes are so divided by hatred and rancour as they.
Perhaps Allah will unite them through you, if so, then no man will be mightier than you.”
Bqvmwi‡e wd‡i hvevi ci Zviv wbR †Mv‡Îi †jvK‡ì gynv¤§`(mv.) Gi K_v Rvbvq Ges Bmjvg Gi w`‡K Avnevb
K‡i| Zviv †mLvbKvi gvby‡li ü`q I Aši‡K— mZ¨ Øxb MÖnb Kivi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z m¶g nq Ges AvDm I LvhivR
†Mv‡Îi cÖwZwU N‡i N‡i gynv¤§`(mv.) Av‡jvPbvi welqe¯‘‡Z cwiYZ nq|
AvKvevi cÖ_g kc_t
c‡ii eQi g`xbv †_‡K ev‡iv R‡bi GKwU `j n‡¾¡i D‡Ï‡k¨ g°vq AvMgb K‡i Ges AvKvevi DcZ¨Kvq gynv¤§`(mv.)
Gi mv‡_ mv¶vr K‡i| GLv‡bB Zviv gynv¤§`(mv.) Gi mv‡_ A½xKvie× nq, hv AvKvevi cÖ_g kc_ bv‡g cwiwPZ |
Zviv Avjvni ivmyj(mv.)†K G g‡g© A½xKvi †`q †h, Zviv Avjvni mv‡_ KvD‡K kixK Ki‡e bv, Pzwi Ki‡e bv, A
‰ea m¤úK© ¯’vcb (zinah) Ki‡e bv, Zv‡ì mšvb‡ì— nZ¨v Ki‡e bv, cÖwZ‡ekxi mv‡_ `~e©ënvi Ki‡e bv Ges
me©ve¯’vq gynv¤§`(mv.) Gi ‡bZ©Z¡… †g‡b †b‡e| hw` Zviv Zv‡ì kc_ i¶v K‡i Z‡e cyi¯‹vi ¯îƒc i‡q‡Q RvbœvZ|
wKš‘, hw` Zviv Iqv`v f½ K‡i Z‡e Avjvn PvB‡j Zv‡ì kvw¯— †`‡eb A_ev ¶gv Ki‡eb| ivmyj(mv.) Gi mv‡_ G
Pzw³‡Z Ave× nevi ci Zviv n‡¾¡i †gŠmyg †k‡l g`xbvq wd‡i hvq|
g`xbvq `vIqvZx Kvh©µgt

Avbmvi‡ì †h `jwU ivmyj(mv.) Gi mv‡_ AvKvevq Pzw³e× n‡qwQ‡jv, Zviv g`xbvq wd‡i hvevi ci ‡mLvbKvi
cÖwZwU N‡i N‡i †cŠu‡Q hvq Bmjv‡gi Avnevb| cieZ©x‡Z Zviv Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Gi Kv‡Q Øxb I KziAvb
wk¶vi Rb¨ g`xbvq GKRb‡K cvVv‡bvi Aby‡iva Rvwb‡q wPwV †cÖiY K‡i| ivmyj(mv.) mvavibZ hviv Bmjvg
MÖnb Ki‡Zv Zv‡ì‡K cwic~Y© fv‡e Bmjv‡gi wk¶vq wkw¶Z Ki‡Zb Ges Zv‡ì‡K e¨w³‡Ë¡‡K Bmjv‡gi Av‡jv‡K
MVb Ki‡Zb, †hb Zviv cy‡ivcywi fv‡eB Bmjv‡gi Av`k©‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡i| e¯‘Zt Bmjv‡gi Av‡jv‡K PwiÎ MVb
Kiv cÖwZwU gymwj‡gi Ab¨Zg `vwqZ¡, KviY Gi Dci wfwË K‡iB M‡o D‡V †PZbv`„ß `„p Cgvb I gvbyl eyS‡Z
cv‡i Bmjv‡gi Aš©wbwnZ— Av`k© Ges Bmjv‡gi Av`k©‡K cwic~Y© fv‡e ev¯evq‡bi— wbðqZv cÖ`vb K‡i|
g`xbvi †h `jwU Bmjvg MÖnb K‡iwQ‡jv Zviv GUv eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jv e‡jB ivmyj(mv.)†K Øxb wk¶vi Rb¨ GKRb
mvnvh¨Kvix cvVv‡bvi `vex K‡iwQ‡jv| wPwV cvevi ci, gynv¤§`(mv.) g`xbvq gymvÕe Beb Dgv‡qi‡K bI
gymwjg‡ì Øxb wk¶vi Rb¨ cvVvb|
15
g`xbvq AvMg‡bi ci gymvÕe Beb Dgv‡qi AvmvÕ` Beb Ryivivni mv‡_ RywUe× n‡q c~Y© D`¨‡g `vIqvZx
Kvh©µg ïi“ K‡ib| Zviv Bmjv‡gi Avnevb †cuŠ‡Q †`b g`xbvi wewfbœ M„n †_‡K ïi“ K‡i †e`yCb‡ì QvDbx¸‡jv‡Z
ch©š|— g`xbvevmx‡K KziAvb cvV K‡i †kvbvb| Gfv‡e ax‡i ax‡i GKRb `yÕRb gvbyl Bmjvg MÖnb Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡i|
G Ae¯’v Pj‡Z _v‡K ZZ¶b ch©š— hZ¶b ch©š— bv AvDm-Avjvn RvwZfy³ LvZgvn&, IqvÕjx Ges IqvwKd †MvÎ
Qvov Avbmvi‡ì cÖwZwU M„‡n Bmjv‡gi Avnevb Qwo‡q c‡o| AZtci wZwb ivmyj(mv.) Gi Kv‡Q bI gymwjg‡ì
GKwÎZ Kivi AbygwZ †P‡q cÎ wj‡Lb| ivmyj(mv.) Zv‡K AbygwZ cÖ`vb K‡ib Ges e‡jb,ÒBû`xiv mveev‡_i †Nvlbv
†`qv ch©š— †Zvgiv A‡c¶v Ki‡e| Zvici, we‡Kj‡ejvq Avjvni D‡Ï‡k¨ mw¤§wjZ fv‡e `yÕivKvZ bvgvR Av`vq Ki‡e
Ges bvgvR †k‡l †Zvgvi e³e¨(LyZev) cÖ`vb Ki‡e|Ó ivmyj(mv.) Gi Av‡`kµ‡g, gymvÕe Beb Dgv‡qi bI gymwjg‡ì
mvÕ` Beb Lvqmvgvi M„‡n GKwÎZ K‡ib| cÖvq ev‡ivRb g`xbvevmx G Abyôv‡b Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb Ges wZwb
GKwU QvMj RevB K‡i Zv‡ì Avc¨vqb K‡ib| BwZnvm Abyhvqx gymvÕe Beb Dgv‡qiB n‡”Q cÖ_g gymwjg
whwb Rygvi bvgvR cÖwZwôZ K‡ib|
gymvÕe Beb Dgv‡qi Gfv‡e g`xbvq Zvi `vIqvZx Kvh©µg Ae¨vnZ iv‡Lb Ges g`xbvevmx‡K Øxb wk¶v w`‡Z
_v‡Kb| GKw`b AvmvÕ` Beb Ryivivn gymvÕe Beb Dgv‡qi‡K m‡½ K‡i eby Avj-Avmnvj Ges eby RvÕdi Gi
GjvKvq cÖ‡ek K‡i (NUbvµ‡g mvÕ` Beb gyqvR wQ‡jv AvmvÕ` Beb Ryivivi gv‡qi m¤ú‡K©i fvB)| Zviv `yÕRb
Ges g`xbvi AviI wKQy bI gymwjg eby RvÕdi †Mv‡Îi GjvKvfy³ gviK¡ bv‡gi GKwU Kz‡ci cv‡k GKwÎZ nq| G
mg‡q mvÕ` Beb gyqvR Ges DmvB` Beb û`v‡qi wQ‡jv Zv‡ì wbR wbR †Mv‡Îi cÖavb| eby ÕAve` Avj-Avmnvj
Ges Ab¨vb¨ †MvÎ¸‡jvI Zv‡ì AbymibKvix gywZ©c~Rvix wQ‡jv| hLb mvÕ` Beb gyqvR ïb‡jv †h, gymvÕe Beb
Dgv‡qi Zv‡ì GjvKvq cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q, ZLb mv‡_ mv‡_ †m DmvB` Beb û`v‡qi‡K †mLv‡b cvwV‡q w`‡q
ej‡jv,Òhviv Avgv‡ì GjvKvq cÖ‡ek K‡i Avgv‡ì †Mv‡Îi †jvK‡ì †evKv evbv‡”Q Zv‡ì Kv‡Q hvI| Zv‡ì Avgv‡ì
mxgvbv †_‡K †ei K‡i w`‡q e‡jv †hb Zviv Avi KL‡bv Avgv‡ì GjvKvq cÖ‡ek bv K‡i|Ó
mvÕ` Beb gyqvR AviI e‡j †h, AvmvÕ` Beb Ryivivi mv‡_ hw` Avgvi AvZ¥xqZvi m¤úK© bv _vK‡Zv Z‡e Avwg
†Zvgv‡K G Sv‡gjvi g‡a¨ †V‡j w`Zvg bv| wKš‘, †m Avgvi m¤ú‡K© Lvjv‡Zv fvB, ZvB Avgvi c‡¶ Zvi wei“‡×
†KvbwKQy Kiv m¤¢e bq| GK_v ejvi ci, DmvB` Zvi ek©v Zz‡j wb‡jb Ges gymvÕe Beb Dgv‡qi Gi `‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨
hvÎv Ki‡jb| AvmvÕ` DmvB`‡K †`Lvi mv‡_ mv‡_ gymvÕe‡K ej‡jb,ÒGB †h †jvKwU †Zvgvi w`‡K Avm‡Q †m
n‡jv G †Mv‡Îi cÖavb| Zzwg Zv‡K Avjvn Iqv‡¯— mZ¨ K_v cwi¯‹vi fv‡e Rvwb‡q `vI|Ó gymvÕe ej‡jv,Òhw` †m
Avgv‡ì mv‡_ em‡Z ivRx nq, Z‡e Avwg Zvi mv‡_ K_v ej‡ev|Ó DmvB` w¶ß fw½‡Z Zv‡ì mvg‡b G‡m `vuov‡jv
Ges ej‡jv,Ò†Kb †Zvgiv Avgv‡ì ga¨Kvi `~e©j †jvK‡ì weåvš— Ki‡Qv? †Zvgv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ wK? Avgv‡ì‡K Avgv‡ì
wek¦v‡mi Dci †Q‡o `vI|Ó gymvÕe ej‡jb,ÒAvcwb wK Avgv‡ì mv‡_ e‡m GKUz Avgv‡ì K_v ïb‡eb? hw`
Avgv‡ì K_v Avcbvi fv‡jv jv‡M Zvn‡j MÖnb Ki‡eb| Avi hw` bv fv‡jv jv‡M Zvn‡j cÖZ¨vLvb Ki‡eb|Ó DmvB`
gymvÕe Be‡b Dgv‡qi Gi G †hŠw³K cÖ¯v‡e— ivRx n‡q †M‡jb| Zvici Zvi ek©v gvwU‡Z †Mu‡_ gymvÕ†ei
mvg‡b em‡jb| gymvÕe(iv) Zv‡K Bmjv‡gi Av`k© I Rxeb m¤ú‡K© `„wófw½ e¨vL¨v Ki‡jb Ges KziAvb wZjIqvZ
K‡i †kvbv‡jb| Dcw¯’Z gymwjg‡ì eY©bv Abyhvqx,ÒAvjvni Kmg, †m wKQy ejevi Av‡MB Avgiv Bmjv‡gi `xwß
Zvi †Pv‡Lgy‡L j¶¨ KiwQjvg|Ó DmvB` ej‡jv,ÒwK PgrKvi K_vB bv †Zvgiv ej‡Qv! †Zv †Zvgv‡ì Øxb MÖnb
Ki‡Z n‡j Avgv‡K wK Ki‡Z n‡e?Ó Zviv ej‡jv,Ò†Zvgv‡K Aek¨B cÖ_‡g ‡Mvm‡ji K‡i cweÎ n‡Z n‡e, †Zvgvi
†cvkvK cweÎ Ki‡Z n‡e, Zvici mZ¨‡K mv¶x w`‡q kvnv`vn cvV Kivi ci `yÕivKvZ bvgvR Av`vq Ki‡Z n‡e|Ó
DmvB` mv‡_ mv‡_ ZvB Ki‡jb Ges ej‡jb,ÒAvgvi ‡cQ‡b Avwg GK e¨w³‡K †i‡L G‡mwQ, †m hw` †Zvgv‡ì Øxb
MÖnb K‡i Z‡e Zvi †Mv‡Îi †jv‡KivI Zv‡K Abymib Ki‡e| Avwg GLbB Zv‡K †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q cvwV‡q w`w”Q|
Zvi bvg n‡”Q mvÕ` Beb gyqvR|Ó
DmvB` Zvi ek©v nv‡Z `ª“Z cv‡q mvÕ` Beb gyqv‡Ri D‡Ï‡k¨ iIbv n‡q †M‡jb| mvÕ` ZLb Zvi †Mv‡Îi †jvK‡ì
mv‡_ e‡m Av‡jvPbv KiwQ‡jv| hLb mvÕ` DmvB`‡K Avm‡Z †`L‡jb ‡m ej‡jv,ÒAvjvni Kmg, †h DmvB` GLvb
†_‡K wM‡q‡Q Avi †h wd‡i G‡m‡Q Zviv `yÕRb GK bq|Ó AZtci DmvB` Avmvi ci Zvi Kv‡Q mg¯— NUbv
eY©bv Ki‡jb, ej‡jb,ÒAvwg `yÕe¨w³i mv‡_ K_v e‡jwQ Ges Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †KvbiKg Lvivc †KvbwKQy †`L‡Z
cvBwb| Avwg Zv‡ì Kv‡R Avi AMÖmi n‡Z wb‡la Kivi ci Zviv e‡j‡Q, Zzwg †hUv ej‡e Avgiv †mUvB Ki‡ev;
Zvici Zviv ej‡jv, AvmvÕ` Be‡b Ryivivn †Zvgvi Lvjv‡Zv fvB nq GUv Rvbvi ciI eby nvwiQvn †MvÎ Zv‡K nZ¨v
Kivi lohš¿ K‡iwQ‡jv †hb Zzwg mgv‡Ri Kv‡Q AvZ¥x‡qi gh©v`v I wbivcËv i¶vq e¨_© Ges wek¦vmNvZK
wnmv‡e cÖgvwYZ nI|
eby nvwiQvn †MvÎ m¤ú‡K© GK_v †kvbvi mv‡_ mv‡_ mvÕ` Beb gyqvR †µvavwš^Z n‡q D‡V `vuov‡jv| Zvici
Zvi ek©v nv‡Z wb‡q ej‡jv,ÒAvjvni Kmg, Avwg †`L‡Z cvw”Q Zzwg Avm‡j †Zvgvi Kv‡R e¨ © n‡q‡Qv|Ó Zvici
†m gymvÕe Ges AvmvÕ` Gi D‡Ï‡k¨ ‡ei n‡q †M‡jv| †mLv‡b wM‡q mvÕ` †`L‡jv Zviv Lye Av‡q‡ki mv‡_ `jej
wb‡q †mLv‡b e‡m Av‡Q| mvÕ` Beb gyqvR eyS‡jv Avm‡j DmvB‡ì B”Qv wQ‡jv †m ‡hb Zv‡ì K_v †kv‡b|
AZ¨š— ivMvwš^Z Avi AvµgYvZ¥K fw½‡Z †m Zv‡ì cv‡k wM‡q `vouv‡jv Ges AvmvÕ`‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i
ej‡jv,Ò†kvb Avey Dgvgv, Avgv‡ì g‡a¨ †h m¤úK© Av‡Q †m m¤ú‡K©i wfwË‡ZB wK †Zvgvi Avgvi cÖwZ
AvPib
16
Kiv DwPZ bq? Zzwg wK Avgvi evmf~wg‡Z G‡m Ggb wKQy Ki‡Z PvI hv Avgiv N„Yv Kwi?Ó BwZg‡a¨
mvÕ`‡K †`Lvi mv‡_ mv‡_ AvmvÕ` gymvÕe‡K e‡jwQ‡jv, Ò‡n gymvÕe, Avjvni Kmg, GB †MvÎ¸‡jv hv‡K
Abymib K‡i †m wb‡RB GLb †Zvgvi mvg‡b Dcw¯’Z| †m hw` †Zvgvi AbymibKvix nq, Z‡e Zvi †Mv‡Îi †Kvb
†jvKB Avi wc‡Q c‡i _vK‡e bv|Ó gymvÕe Zv‡K Av‡Mi g‡ZvB ej‡jb,ÒAvcwb wK e‡m GKUz Avgv‡ì K_v
ïb‡eb bv? hw` Avcbvi Avgv‡ì K_v fv‡jv jv‡M Zvn‡j MÖnb Ki‡eb Avi bv fv‡jv jvM‡j cÖZ¨vLvb Ki‡eb|Ó
gymvÕe Beb Dgv‡qi Gi G †hŠw³K cÖ¯v‡e— mvÕ` ivRx n‡q †M‡jv Ges Zvi ek©v gvwU‡Z †Mu‡_ Zv‡ì mvg‡b
em‡jv| gymvÕe Zv‡K Bmjv‡gi Av`k© e¨vL¨v Ki‡jb Ges KziAvb wZjIqvZ K‡i ‡kvbv‡jb|
Dcw¯’Z gymwjg‡ì eY©bv Abyhvqx,ÒAvjvni Kmg, ‡m wKQy ejevi Av‡MB Avgiv Bmjv‡gi `xwß Zvi †Pv‡L
gy‡L †`L‡Z cvw”Qjvg|Ó DmvB‡ì g‡Zv GKB fv‡e mvÕ` ej‡jv,ÒwK PgrKvi K_vB bv †Zvgiv ej‡Qv! †Zv
‡Zvgv‡ì Øx‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z n‡j Avgv‡K wK Ki‡Z n‡e?Ó gymwjgiv ej‡jv GRb¨ †Zvgvi wb‡R‡K Ges †Zvgvi
†cvkvK-cwi”Q`‡K cweÎ Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvici m‡Zï mv¶¨ wnmv‡e kvnv`vn cvV K‡i Avjvni D‡Ï‡k¨ bvgvR Av`vq
Ki‡Z n‡e| GK_v ‡kvbvi ci mvÕ` Beb gyqvR Zr¶bvr ZvB Ki‡jv Ges ek©v nv‡Z Zvi †Mv‡Îi †jvK‡ì Kv‡Q wd‡i
†M‡jv| †mLv‡b DmvB` Beb û`v‡qi Zvi †Mv‡Îi †jvK‡ì mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv KiwQ‡jb| Zviv mvÕ`‡K Avm‡Z ‡`‡L
ej‡jv,ÒAvjvni Kmg, †h mvÕ` Avgv‡ì GLvb †_‡K wM‡q‡Q Avi †h wd‡i G‡m‡Q Zviv `yÕRb GK bq|Ó †Mv‡Îi
†jv‡Kiv Zvi c_ †iva K‡i `vouv‡j mvÕ` Beb gyqvR Zv‡ì wR‡Ám Ki‡jv,Ò‡n eby Ave` Avj-Avmnvj, †Zvgiv
†Zvgv‡ì Dci Avgvi KZ©Z¡‡K… wKfv‡e cwigvc K‡iv?Ó Zviv ej‡jv,ÒAvcwb Avgv‡ì †MvÎ cÖavb, Avgv‡ì
myweav-Amyweavi e¨vcv‡i me©v‡c¶v †ekx mRvM, mePvB‡Z b¨vqwePviK Ges †bZv wnmv‡e me‡P‡q †ekx
†mŠfvMëvb|Ó GK_v †kvbvi ci mvÕ` ej‡jv,ÒAvwg ZZ¶b ch©š— †Zvgv‡ì mv‡_ K_v ej‡ev bv hZ¶b ch©š— bv
†Zvgiv Avjvn I Zvui ivmy‡ji Dci Cgvb Av‡bv|Ó G NUbvi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z Ave` Avj-Avmnvj †Mv‡Îi mK‡j Cgvb
Avb‡jv| gymvÕe Beb Dgv‡qi Zvici AvmvÕ` Beb Ryivivni M„‡n wd‡i Avm‡jb Ges Zvi M„‡nB AwZw_ wnmv‡e
evm Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| Gi mv‡_ wZwb Zvi `vIqvZx Kvh©µgI Ae¨nZ ivL‡jb †h ch©š— bv Avbmvi‡ì cÖwZwU M„‡n
AšZ— GKRb gymwjg bvix I cyi“l Bmjvg MÖnb Ki‡jv| Gfv‡e gymvÕe Beb Dgv‡qi GKeQi g`xbv‡Z Ae¯’vb
Ki‡jb, AvDm I LvhivR †MvÎ‡K Øxb wk¶v w`‡jb Ges eyK fiv Avb›` wb‡q cÖZ¨¶ Ki‡Z jvM‡jb Avjvni kvmb-
KZ©Z¡… I mZ¨ Øx‡bi mvnvh¨Kvix‡ì µgea©gvb msL¨v|
gymvÕe(iv.) mvavibZ g`xbvi cÖwZwU M„‡n †h‡Zb, Zv‡ì mv‡_ K_v ej‡Zb Ges Zv‡ì Kv‡Q Avjvni ivmyj(mv.)
Gi Avnevb †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Zb| wZwb g`xbvi †¶Z-¶vgv‡i wM‡q KlK‡ì… mv‡_ K_v ej‡Zb Ges Zv‡ì‡K Bmjv‡gi
w`‡K Avnevb Ki‡Zb| wZwb g`xbvi †bZ¯’vbxq… gvbyl‡ì mv‡_I weZK© Ki‡Zb Ges Zv‡ì Kv‡Q Bmjv‡gi
`vIqvZ †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Zb| `vIqv‡Zi we¯wZi…— e¨vcv‡i wZwb cÖvqB wKQy †KŠkj Aej¤^b Ki‡Zb, †hgbwU wZwb
K‡iwQ‡jb AvmvÕ` Beb Ryivivni †¶‡Î, †hb mZ¨ Øx‡bi Avnevb mgv‡Ri me©¯‡ii— gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q hvq| G
iKg wewfbœ †KŠkjc~b© `vIqvZx Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g wZwb GKeQ‡ii g‡a¨ †m mgv‡Ri gvby‡li gywZ©c~Rvi
g‡Zv weKZ… I ¶‡q hvIqv a¨vb-avibv I åvš— Av‡eM-Abyf~wZ¸‡jv‡K cwieZ©b K‡i Zv‡ì g‡a¨ ZvInx`, Cgvb I
Bmjvgx wPšv—-‡PZbvi exR ecb K‡iwQ‡jb| hv Zv‡ì Aši— †_‡K wkiK Gi mKj kvLv-cÖkvLv‡K mg~‡j
DrcvwUZ K‡iwQ‡jv Ges Zv‡ì cÖZvibv, VKevwR mn mKj cv‡ci c_ †_‡K weiZ †i‡LwQ‡jv| gymvÕe Beb
Dgv‡qi Ges Bmjvg MÖnbKvix gymwjg‡ì wbijm cÖ‡Póv I wewfbœ Kvh©µg gvÎ GKeQ‡ii g‡a¨ g`xbvevmx‡K
wki‡Ki wbKl Kv‡jv AÜKv‡i wbgw¾Z Rb‡Mvwô †_‡K cwiYZ K‡i Bmjvg MÖnbKvix Rb‡Mvwô‡Z|
AvKvevi wØZxq kc_t
AvKvevi cÖ_g kc_ wQ‡jv gymwjg‡ì Rb¨ Avjvni we‡kl ingZ I mvnvh¨| KviY, hwÌ G kc‡_i mgq gvÎ AíwKQy
g`xbvevmx Bmjvg MÖnb K‡iwQ‡jv, ZviciI gymvÕe(iv.) Gi GKwbô cÖ‡Póvi d‡j gvÎ GKeQ‡ii g‡a¨ g`xbvevmxi
g‡a¨ cÖPwjZ åvš— I Nyu‡Yaiv a¨vb-avibv I Av‡eM-Abyf~wZ¸‡jv cwiewZ©Z n‡q wM‡qwQ‡jv| hv wKbv g°vq
Gi †_‡K A‡bK †ekx msL¨K gvbyl Bmjvg MÖnb Kivi ciI m¤¢e nqwb| g°vi Rb‡Mvwôi GKUv weivU Ask wb‡R‡ì
Bmjv‡gi Avnevb †_‡K `~‡i mwi‡q †i‡LwQ‡jv Ges Bmjvg‡K m¤ú~b© fv‡e cÖZ¨vLvb K‡iwQ‡jv, d‡j, †m
mgvR‡K Bmjv‡gi cÖPvwiZ Av`‡k©i †mŠ›`h© †Zgb fv‡e bvov w`‡Z cv‡iwb| Aciw`‡K, g`xbvi †ekxi fvM gvbylB
Bmjvg MÖnb K‡iwQ‡jv Ges Bmjvgx wPšv—-‡PZbv I Av`k© mvgwMÖK fv‡e g`xbvevmx‡ì ü`q‡K cÖPÛ fv‡e
bvov w`‡qwQ‡jv, hv cwieZ©b K‡iwQ‡jv Zv‡ì g‡a¨ `xN©w`b a‡i jvwjZ ¶‡q hvIqv a¨vb-avibv I wPšv‡K|— G
NUbv my¯úó fv‡e cÖgvY K‡i †h, hLb e¨w³MZ fv‡e wKQy msL¨K gvbyl Bmjvg MÖnb K‡i Ges Zviv mgvR I
MYgvby‡li KvQ †_‡K wew”Qbœ _v‡K, Zv‡ì wek¦vm ev Cgvb hZ `„pB †nvK bv †Kb Zv mvgwMÖK fv‡e
mgvR‡K cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, Avi bv Bmjvgx wPš—v-‡PZbv mgv‡Ri gvby‡li g‡a¨ cÖwZdwjZ nq| G NUbv
AviI cÖgvY K‡i †h, `vIqvZx Kvh©µ‡g cÖZ¨¶ fv‡e AskMÖnbKvixi msL¨v hZ KgB †nvK bv †Kb, gvby‡l gvby‡l
we`¨gvb m¤úK©¸‡jv‡K hw` mwVK wPšv—-‡PZbv I Av‡eM-Abyf~wZi gva¨‡g cÖPÛ fv‡e cÖfvweZ Kiv m¤¢e
nq, Z‡e GUvB mgvR‡K cÖZ¨vwkZ cwieZ©‡bi w`‡K avweZ K‡i| G NUbv¸‡jv †_‡K AviI cÖgvwYZ nq †h, hLb
†Kvb mgvR Kzdi a¨vb-avibv I Av`k©‡K k³
17
fv‡e AvKu‡o _v‡K (†hgb wQ‡jv g°vi mgvR), G ai‡bi mgv‡R `„p fv‡e cÖwZwôZ G me wPšv—-‡PZbv‡K
cwieZ©b K‡i mvgwMÖK fv‡e mgvR cwieZ©b Kiv LyeB KwVb| Avevi Aciw`‡K, ‡h mgv‡R G Kzdi wPšv—-
‡PZbvi †kKo¸‡jv A‡c¶vKZ… `~e©j (†hgbUv wQ‡jv g`xbvi mgvR), †m mgv‡R mvgwMÖK fv‡e mgv‡Ri gvby‡li
a¨vb-avibvi cwieZ©b NUv‡bv mnR hwÌ ‡m mgv‡R Kzdi ev åvš— a¨vb-avibv¸‡jv Dcw¯’Z _v‡K|
g~jZt G Kvi‡bB Bmjv‡gi Avnevb g°vevmxi Zzjbvq g`xbvevmx‡K A‡bK †ekx cÖfvweZ K‡iwQ‡jv| g`xbvi RbMY
GUv eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jv †h, Zv‡ì gv‡S cÖPwjZ a¨vb-avibv I wPšv—-‡PZbv¸‡jv Amvo I åvš— Ges Zviv Rxeb
m¤ú‡K© Gi weKí †Kvb Av`k© ev a¨vb-avibvi mÜvb KiwQ‡jv| wVK wecixZ fv‡e, g°vi mgv‡Ri gvby‡liv Zv‡ì
gv‡S cÖPwjZ eë¯’v ev cÖwZwôZ Av`k© wb‡qB mš‘ó wQ‡jv Ges G åvš— a¨vb-avibv¸‡jv cwiewZ©Z n‡q hvevi
Avk¼vq LyeB e¨wZe¨¯— wQ‡jv| we‡kl K‡i, g°vi †bZ¯’vbxq… wKQy e¨w³ †hgb, Avey jvnve, Avey Rvnj Ges
Avey mywdqvb Gi g‡Zv †jv‡Kiv G e¨vcv‡i LyeB †mv”Pvi wQ‡jv| g~jZt G Kvi‡bB gymvÕe Beb Dgv‡qi
g`xbv‡Z Lye Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ ‡m mgv‡Ri gvby‡li KvQ †_‡K e¨vcK fv‡e mvov †c‡qwQ‡jb, wZwb MYgvbyl‡K
Bmjv‡gi w`‡K Avnevb K‡iwQ‡jb Ges Zv‡ì‡K mZ¨ Øx‡bi wk¶v I AvBb-Kvby‡b wkw¶Z K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb
cÖZ¨¶ K‡iwQ‡jb g`xbvi RbM‡Yi Bmjv‡gi Av‡jvwKZ Avnev‡b `ª“Z mvov †èvi I Bmjvg MÖnb Kivi g‡Zv
gbgvbwlKZv| ïay ZvB bq, g`xbvevmxi wQ‡jv Bmjvgx Av`k©‡K cwic~Y© Rvbvi I Avjvn cÖ`Ë AvBb-Kvbyb¸‡jv
†kLvi GKvš— cÖ‡Póv, hv gymvÕe(iv.) Gi Aši‡K— K‡iwQ‡jv Avb‡›` D™¢vwmZ| Gfv‡e, Zvi †Pv‡Li mvg‡bB
g`xbvq gymwjg‡ì msL¨v ax‡i ax‡i evo‡Z jvM‡jv Ges gymvÕe Beb Dgv‡qi wØ¸b Drmv‡ni mv‡_ Zvi `vIqvZx
Kvh©µg Pvwj‡q †h‡Z jvM‡jb|
Gici hLb n‡¾¡i †gŠmyg Avm‡jv, gymvÕe(iv.) g°vq wd‡i Avm‡jb Ges gynv¤§`(mv.) Gi Kv‡Q g`xbvq gymwjg‡ì
msL¨v I cÖfve-cÖwZcwË e„w× Ges †mLv‡b Bmjv‡gi `ª“Z cÖmv‡ii K_v Rvbv‡jb| wZwb Rvbv‡jb wKfv‡e ïaygvÎ
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) g`xbvi N‡i N‡i Av‡jvPbvi welqe¯‘‡Z cwiYZ n‡q‡Q Ges Bmjvg G Av‡jvPbvi †K›`ªwe›`y‡Z
Ae¯’vb Ki‡Q| wZwb AviI Rvbv‡jb g`xbvi mgv‡R gymwjg‡ì kw³-mvg_©¨ I cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZvi K_v, hv Bmjvg‡K
†m mgv‡R cÖfvekvjx Aw¯Z¡— wnmv‡e cÖwZwôZ K‡i‡Q| wZwb ej‡jb, g`xbvi wKQy wKQy gymwjg‡ì Cgvb
G‡Zv `„p Ges Zviv `vIqvZx Kvh©µg‡K GwM‡q wb‡q hvIqv I Avjvni Øxb i¶vi e¨vcv‡i G‡Zv `„p-msKíe× †h,
Zviv G eQiB g°vq Avm‡Z Pvq|
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) gymvÕe Beb Dgv‡qi Gi KvQ †_‡K G me msev` ï‡b LyeB Avbw›`Z n‡jb Ges g°vi mgv‡Ri
mv‡_ g`xbvi mgv‡Ri Zzjbv K‡i Mfxi fv‡e wPšv— Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| wZwb fve‡Z jvM‡jb, GKbvMv‡i MZ ev‡ivwU
eQi a‡i wZwb g°vi gvbyl‡K Bmjv‡gi w`‡K Avnevb Ki‡Qb, m¤¢ve¨ mKj Dcv‡q †Póv K‡i‡Qb, Zvi cÖwZw`‡bi
cÖwZwU g~ûZ© wZwb `vIqvZx Kv‡R e¨q K‡i‡Qb, cÖwZwU my‡hvM‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q‡Qb, G mewKQy Ki‡Z
wM‡q meai‡bi Ryjyg, AZ¨vPvi I wbg©g wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi n‡q‡Qb| wKš‘, G‡Zv wKQyi ciI g°vevmx GLbI
wbgw¾Z i‡q‡Q wg_¨v AnwgKv Avi AÜ ‡MvqvZz©wgi wbKl Kv‡jv AÜKv‡i| g°vevmxi cÖPÛ wbôzi, eid KwVb
I Aby‡kvPbvwenxb ü`‡q Zvi cÖvYvšKi— G cÖ‡Póv we›`ygvÎ AvPuo KvU‡Z cv‡iwb, eis Zv‡ì `~‡f©`¨ Aši—
c~‡e©B g‡ZvB c~e©cyi“l‡ì åvš— a¨vb-avibvq Av”Qbœ n‡q Av‡Q| g°vi Rbmvavib wQ‡jv LyeB iƒp cÖKwZi…
Ges Zv‡ì Aš‡i— gywZ©c~Rvi g‡Zv weKZ… a¨vb-avibvi †kKo wQ‡jv Mfxi fv‡e †cÖvw_Z| g~jZt G Kvi‡bB
Zviv Bmjv‡gi Av‡jvwKZ Av`‡k© mvov w`‡Z e¨_© n‡qwQ‡jv Ges wbgw¾Z wQ‡jv wki‡Ki g‡Zv fq¼i cv‡c|
Aciw`‡K, g`xbvi wPÎ wQ‡jv G‡Kev‡iB AbïKg| LvhivR †Mv‡Îi GK`j gvbyl Bmjvg MÖnb Kivi ci GKeQi cvi n‡Z
bv n‡ZB AbywôZ n‡qwQ‡jv AvKvevi cÖ_g kc_| cieZ©x‡Z gymvÕe Beb Dgv‡q‡ii gvÎ GKeQ‡ii cÖ‡Póvq mg¯—
g`xbv Bmjvgx a¨vb-avibvi Av‡jv‡K Ggb fv‡e DÏxß n‡jv †h, GUvB cieZ©x‡Z Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ Awek¦vm¨ msL¨K
gvby‡li Bmjvg MÖn‡bi wfwË ˆZix K‡iwQ‡jv| Ab¨w`‡K, g°vq hviv Bmjvg MÖnb K‡iwQ‡jv Zv‡ì g‡a¨B
Bmjv‡gi Av`k© I wPšv—-‡PZbv mxgve× wQ‡jv| Dciš‘, Zviv n‡qwQ‡jv KzivBk‡ì wbg©g AZ¨vPvi I
wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi| wKš‘, g`xbv‡Z Bmjvgx Av`k© we¯wZ…— jvf K‡iwQ‡jv `ª“Z MwZ‡Z Avi Bmjvg MÖnb
Kivq †mLvbKvi gymwjgiv Bû`x ev Kvwdi‡ì ‡KvbiKg AZ¨vPvi ev wbh©vZ‡biI wkKvi nqwb| g~jZt G Ae¯’v
g`xbvevmxi Aš‡i— Bmjvg‡K `„p fv‡e †cÖvw_Z Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡iwQ‡jv Ges gymwjg‡ì Rb¨ D‡¤§vwPZ
K‡iwQ‡jv Bmjvg cÖwZwôZ Kivi bZzb Øvi|
gynv¤§`(mv.) Gi Kv‡Q GUv cwi®‹vi n‡q wM‡qwQ‡jv †h, g`xbvB n‡Z cv‡i †mB D¾¡j ewZ©Kv †hLvb †_‡K
Bmjv‡gi Av`k©, Cgvb I Rxeb-eë¯’vi Av‡jv we”QywiZ n‡Z cv‡i wek¦gq| AZtci wZwb(mv.) g`xbvq wnRi‡Zi
wm×vš— wb‡jb, hv Zvui mvnvex‡ì Zv‡ì gymwjg fvB‡ì m½x nevi my‡hvM K‡i w`‡jv, Zviv gy³ n‡jb Zv‡ì Dci
AvcwZZ KzivBk‡ì wbg©g AZ¨vPvi I wbh©vZb †_‡K Ges Lyu‡R †c‡jb GKwU cweÎ I wbivc` Avkªq|
ivmyj(mv.)Gi G c`‡¶c Zv‡ì `vIqvZx Kvh©µ‡g m¤ú~b© fv‡e g‡bvwb‡ek Kivi my‡hvM K‡i w`‡jv Ges Zviv Lye
¯^vfvweK fv‡eB cieZ©x ch©v‡qi w`‡K AMÖmi n‡jb, †hUv wQ‡jv g~jZt Bmjvg‡K ev¯e— Rxe‡b Kvh©Kix
fv‡e cÖ‡qvM Kiv Ges Bmjvgx ivóª-eë¯’vi mnvqZvq Bmjv‡gi Avnevb‡K ewjô fv‡e c„w_exe¨vcx Qwo‡q †`qv|
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GLv‡b GUv e‡j ivLv ìKvi †h, gynv¤§`(mv.) `vIqvZx Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi †¶‡Î †h cÖPÛ cwigvY evuav-wecwËi
m¤§yLxb n‡qwQ‡jb, Zv AwZµg Kivi Rb¨ cÖvYvšKi— †Póv wKsev G e¨vcv‡i Pzovš— âh©¨ I GKwbôZvi
cwiPq bv w`‡qB ïaygvÎ AZ¨vPvi-wbh©vZb †_‡K i¶v cvevi Rb¨ g`xbvq wnRi‡Zi wm×vš— MÖnb K‡ibwb| wZwb
g°vq `xN© `kwU eQi cÖvYvšKi— †Póv K‡i‡Qb, `vIqvZx Kvh©µg‡K GwM‡q wb‡q hvevi Rb¨ Mfxi fv‡e wPšv
— K‡i‡Qb| wZwb(mv.) Ges Zvui mvnvexMY GRb¨ meiK‡gi fq¼i AZ¨vPvi I wbh©vZb‡K nvwmgy‡L eiY
K‡i‡Qb| KzivBk‡ì wbôzi AZ¨vPvi I cÖej cÖwZ‡iva Avjvni ivmyj(mv.)†K GK g~û‡Z©i Rb¨ j¶¨Pz¨Z Ki‡Z †Zv
cv‡iBwb, Dciš‘ G cÖej cÖwZ‡iva Zvui Cgvbx kw³ I Avjvni evYxi cÖwZ Zvui wek¦vm‡K cÖwZwbqZ wb‡q
wM‡q‡Q bZzb GK D”PZvq| wZwb(mv.) wbwðZ fv‡eB Rvb‡Zb Avjvni mvnvh¨ Avm‡e Ges G wbwðZ wek¦vmB
Zv‡K K‡iwQ‡jv AviI `„pcÖZ¨qx I Avkvev`x| ïay ZvB bq, Zvui Kv‡Q GUvI cwi®‹vi n‡q wM‡qwQ‡jv †h
g°vevmxi ü`q Avm‡j K‡Zv KwVb fv‡e AÜ †MvqvZz©wgi g‡a¨ wbgw¾Z, Zv‡ì Aši— K‡Zv msKxb© Ges
m‡e©vcwi Zviv K‡Zv wbôzi I c_åvš|— G ev¯eZv— †_‡K wZwb eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb g°vq Bmjv‡gi weR‡qi m¤
¢vebv LyeB ¶xb Ges Zvui mKj cÖ‡Póv n‡e e¨_©Zvq ch©ewmZ| g~jZt G Kvi‡bB g°v Z¨vM Kiv I Gi weKí †Kvb
¯’v‡bi mÜvb Kiv wQ‡jv LyeB Ri“ix| Avi ZvB, G ev¯eZvi— †cÖ¶vc‡UB wZwb(mv.) g`xbvq wnRi‡Zi wm×vš—
‡bb| myZivs, AZ¨vPvi ev wbh©vZb bq, G KviY¸‡jvB wQ‡jv Zvui I mvnvex‡ì g°v †_‡K wnRiZ Kivi GK I GKgvÎ
KviY|
GQvov, GKB mv‡_ GUvI mZ¨ †h, ivmyj(mv.) Zvui mvnvex‡ì‡K KzivBk‡ì wbôzi I fq¼i AZ¨vPvi i¶vi Rb¨ Zv‡ì
Avwewmwbqv wnRiZ Kivi wb‡`©k w`‡qwQ‡jb| KviY, hwÌ wbg©g wbh©vZb I AZ¨vPvi gymwjg‡ì Cgvbx kw³
I Avjvni cÖwZ wek¦vm‡K `„p K‡i, evwZj kw³i cÖej cÖwZ‡iva gymwjg‡ì Av‡iv cÖZ¨qx K‡i †Zv‡j, ZviciI Rxeb
i¶vi ZvwM‡` wbh©vZb¯’j Z¨vM Kivi AbygwZI Bmjvg w`‡q‡Q| e¯‘Zt G `„p Cgvbx kw³ ‡_‡KB gymwjgiv
Aejxjvq Avjvni Rb¨ mKj `ytL-Kó‡K Zz”QZvw”Qj¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i| wbw`©avq Zviv DrmM© Ki‡Z cv‡i wbR Rxeb mn
Zv‡ì abm¤ú`, cÖfve-cÖwZcwË, gvbwmK ¯^w¯— mn mewKQz| wKš‘, ZviciI †Kvb †Kvb mgq weiwZnxb
Amnbxq AZ¨vPvi Cgvb`vi‡ì nvuwc‡q ‡Zv‡j| ZLb m½Z Kvi‡bB Zv‡ì mKj cÖ‡Póv `vIqvZx Kvh©µg‡K GwM‡q
wb‡q hvIqv wKsev mZ¨Øxb‡K Mfxi fv‡e Dcjwä Kivi †_‡K, wb‡R‡K µgvMZ AZ¨vPvi I wbh©vZ‡bi wei“‡×
wUwK‡q ivLv‡K †K›`ª K‡iB AvewZ©Z nq| G Kvi‡bB gymwjg‡ì GB Ryjyg Avi AZ¨vPv‡ii ivRZ¡ †_‡K wnRiZ
K‡i cvwo Rgv‡Z n‡qwQ‡jv Avwewmwbqvq|
hvB ‡nvK, Zv‡ì wØZxqevi wnRiZ Ki‡Z n‡qwQ‡jv m¤ú~b© wfbœ Kvi‡Y| e¯‘Zt wØZxqevi gymwjgiv Zv‡ì
Øxb‡K cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡b I mgv‡R Kvh©Ki fv‡e cÖ‡qvM Kivi Rb¨B ivmyj(mv.) mn wnRiZ K‡iwQ‡jv| Zviv ˆZix
Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jv GKwU cwic~Y© Bmjvgx mgvR, †hLvb †_‡K Zviv Bmjv‡gi Avnevb‡K Qwo‡q †`‡e mviv
we‡k¦| g~jZt G iKg GKwU †cÖ¶vc‡UB Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) mvnvex‡ì g`xbvq wnRiZ Kivi wel‡q Mfxi fv‡e wPšv
— K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘, G wm×vš— †bevi c~‡e© Zvui cÖ‡qvRb wQ‡jv n¾¡ Ki‡Z AvMZ g`xbvi gymwjg‡ì mv‡_
mv¶vr Kiv, Øxb Bmjvg‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨ Zv‡ì ¯^ZtùzZ©Zv‡K cix¶v Kiv Ges m‡ev©cwi Bmjv‡gi Rb¨ Zviv
K‡ZvUzKz Z¨vM ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z cÖ¯‘Z Zv ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv| Zvui GUvI wbwðZ Kivi cÖ‡qvRb wQ‡jv †h, g`xbvi
gymwjgiv Zvui m‡½ AvbyM‡Zï kc‡_ Ave× n‡e Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b Zvui Rb¨ hy× Ki‡Z cÖ¯‘Z _vK‡e, hv g~jZt ˆZix
Ki‡e GKwU Bmjvgx iv‡óªi wfwËf~wg|
G Ae¯’vq ivmyj(mv.) n¾¡hvÎx‡ì Rb¨ A‡c¶v Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| GUv wQ‡jv 622 Lªxóvã, `vIqvZx Kvh©µ‡gi ev‡ivZg
eQi| AvMZ wecyj msL¨K n¾¡hvÎxi g‡a¨ 75 Rb wQ‡jv gymwjg (hvi g‡a¨ 72 Rb wQ‡jv cyi“l Ges 2 Rb wQ‡jv
bvix)| G‡ì g‡a¨ GKRb bvix wQ‡jv eby gvwhb Beb Avj-bv¾vi †MvÎ †_‡K AvMZ bymvBev webZ KvÕe D¤§
ÕAvgvivn& Ges Ab¨Rb wQ‡jv eby mvjvgvn †MvÎ †_‡K AvMZ AvmgvÕ webZ ÕAvgi Beb ÕAvw`|
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) gymwjg n¾¡hvÎx‡ì G `jwUi mv‡_ †Mvc‡b mv¶vr Ki‡jb Ges Zv‡ì‡K wØZxq AvbyM‡Zï
kc‡_i K_v Rvbv‡jb| e¯‘Zt Gev‡ii A½xKvi ïaygvÎ `vIqvZx Kvh©µg‡K GwM‡q wb‡q hvIqv I Ryjyg-wbh©vZb
†_‡K wbivcËv cÖ`v‡bi e¨vcvi m¤úwK©Z wQ‡jv bv| eis, G A½xKv‡ii mxgvbv wQ‡jv eû`~i ch©š— we¯„Z|—
GUv wQ‡jv gymwjg‡ì m¤¢ve¨ mKj AvµgY †_‡K i¶v Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvR‡b mvgwiK kw³ ˆZix Kivi A½xKvi| GUv
wQ‡jv Bmjv‡gi Ggb GK †K›`ªwe›`y cÖwZôvi A½xKvi, hv ‰Zix Ki‡e Bmjvgx ivóª-eë¯’vi wfwËf~wg| †h iv‡óªi
_vK‡e wb‡R‡K i¶v Kivi g‡Zv cÖ‡qvRbxq mvgwiK kw³ Ges †m kw³ `~i Ki‡e Øxb Bmjvg cÖPvi I cÖ‡qv‡Mi c‡_
Qwo‡q _vKv mKj evuav|
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Zv‡ì mv‡_ A½xKv‡ii e¨vcv‡i K_v ej‡jb, Zv‡ì ¯^ZtùzZ©Zv‡K Abyfe Ki‡jb| Avevi, AvMZ
gymwjgivI AvBq¨‡g Zvkwi‡Ki w`b¸‡jv‡Z Zvui mv‡_ AvKvevi DcZ¨Kvq mv¶vr Ki‡Z m¤§Z n‡jv| wZwb Zv‡ì
ej‡jb,Ò‡Zvgiv †KD KvD‡K RvMv‡e bv, bv †KD Abycw¯’Z e¨w³i Rb¨ A‡c¶v Ki‡e|Ó ZZxq… ivwÎ cvi nevi ci
Zviv †Mvc‡b AvKvev DcZ¨Kvq ivmyj(mv.)Gi mv‡_ mv¶v‡Zi Rb¨ Dcw¯’Z n‡jv, hv‡ì g‡a¨ AvMZ `yÕRb
gymwjg bvixI wQ‡jv| Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) †mLv‡b Zvui PvPv Avj-AveŸvm‡K
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wb‡q Dcw¯’Z bv nIqv ch©š— gymwjgiv Zvui Rb¨ A‡c¶v KiwQ‡jv| ivmyj(mv.)Gi PvPv ZLb ch©š— Cgvb bv
Avb‡jI wZwb ‡P‡qwQ‡jb Zvi fvwZRvi c~Y© wbivcËv| e¯‘Zt wZwbB cÖ_g msjvc ïi“ K‡ib Ges e‡jb,Ò‡n LvhivR
m¤cÖ`v‡qi †jv‡Kiv, †Zvgiv Rv‡bv †h gynv¤§‡ì Ae¯’vb Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q †Kv_vq| Avgiv Zv‡K G‡Zvw`b ch©š—
wbR m¤cÖ`v‡qi gvbyl n‡Z i¶v K‡i G‡mwQ| wZwb Avgv‡ì g‡a¨ cwic~Y© m¤§vb I wbivcËvi mv‡_B emevm
Ki‡Qb| wKš‘, GLb wZwb †Zvgv‡ì mv‡_ emevm Kievi wm×vš— wb‡q‡Qb| hw` †Zvgiv g‡b K‡i _v‡Kv †h,
†Zvgiv Zvui cÖwZ wek¦¯— _vK‡Z cvi‡e Ges Zvui cÖwZ KZ… A½xKvi cvjb K‡i Zv‡K kÎ“ †_‡K wbivcËv w`‡Z
cvi‡e, Zvn‡j †Zvgiv G `vwqZ¡ MÖnb K‡iv| Avi hw` †Zvgiv g‡b K‡i _v‡Kv †h, †Zvgiv Zvui mv‡_
wek¦vmNvZKZv Ki‡e Ges wec‡` Zvu‡K cwiZ¨vM Ki‡e, Z‡e Zv GLbB Rvwb‡q `vI|Ó cÖËzZ‡i Zviv
ej‡jv,ÒAvgiv ï‡bwQ Avcwb wK e‡j‡Qb| ‡n Avjvni ivmyj, GLb Avgiv Avcbvi K_v ïb‡Z PvB| Avcwb Avcbvi I
Avcbvi i‡ei Rb¨ hv B”Qv cQ›` Ki“b|Ó ivmyjyjvn(mv.) KziAvb wZjIqvZ Kivi ci Zv‡ì ej‡jb,ÒAvwg †Zvgv‡ì
Kv‡Q GB A½xKvi PvB †h, †Zvgiv Avgv‡K i¶v Ki‡e †mfv‡e, †hfv‡e †Zvgiv †Zvgv‡ì bvix I mšvb‡ì— i¶v
K‡iv|Ó Avj-evivÕ(iv.) kc_ MÖn‡bi Rb¨ Zvi nvZ DVv‡jb Ges ej‡jb,Ò‡n Avjvni ivmyj, Avgiv Avcbvi c~Y©
AvbyM‡Zï kc_ KiwQ| Avjvni Kmg, Avgiv nw”Q †hv×vRvwZ| hy× I A‡¯¿i SbSbvwb esk ci¤úivq Avgv‡ì
agbx‡Z cÖevwnZ n‡q‡Q|Ó
Avj-evivÕ(iv.) K_vi gv‡SB Avey Avj-nvBQvg Beb Avj-QvBnvb cÖ‡ek Ki‡jb Ges ej‡jb,Ò‡n Avjvni ivmyj,
Avgv‡ì Ab¨ m¤cÖ`v‡qi (Bû`x) mv‡_ ‰gÎx Pzw³ i‡q‡Q, Avgiv hw` †m Pzw³ wQbœ K‡i Avcbvi c¶ Aej¤^b Kwi
Ges Zvici hw` Avjvn Avcbv‡K weRq `vb K‡ib, Z‡e wK Avcwb Avgv‡ì †Q‡o Avcbvi wbR m¤cÖ`v‡qi Kv‡Q
wd‡i Avm‡eb?Ó G K_vi DË‡i Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) †n‡m ej‡jb,Òbv, GLb †_‡K †Zvgv‡ì i³B Avgvi i³ Ges
†Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q hv cweÎ Avgvi Kv‡QI Zv cweÎ| Avwg †Zvgv‡ì GKRb Ges †Zvgiv Avgv‡ì| Avwg Zv‡ì wei“‡×
hy× Ki‡ev hviv †Zvgv‡ì wei“‡× hy× Ki‡e Ges Zv‡ì mv‡_ kvwšPzw³— Ki‡ev hviv †Zvgv‡ì mv‡_ mwÜ Ki‡e|Ó
AZtci Avj-ÕAveŸvm Beb ÕDev`vn(iv.) ej‡jb,Ò‡n LvhivR †Mv‡Îi †jv‡Kiv, †Zvgiv wK eyS‡Z cvi‡Qv †Zvgiv
†Kvb wel‡q mnvqZv †èvi Rb¨ G e¨w³i mv‡_ A½xKvive× n‡”Qv? Gi A_© n‡”Q †h †Kvb g~‡j¨ Zvui Rb¨ jovB
Kiv| †Zvgiv hw` m¤ú` nviv‡bvi fq K‡i _v‡Kv, †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ m¤§vwbZ e¨w³‡ì wbnZ nevi Avk¼v K‡i _v‡Kv,
Zvn‡j GLbB wcQy n‡U hvI| Avjvni Kmg, hw` †Zvgiv Zv K‡iv, Z‡e G `ywbqv I Av‡Liv‡Z †Zvgiv n‡e Pig fv‡e
jvwÂZ| wKš‘, hw` †Zvgiv AvbyM‡Zï kc_ c~Y© K‡iv, Z‡e †Zvgv‡ì m¤ú‡ì ¶wZ ev m¤§vwbZ e¨w³iv wbnZ n‡jI
GUvB ‡Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ `ywbqv I Av‡Liv‡Z e‡q wb‡q Avm‡e mvdj¨|Ó g`xbvi gymwjg‡ì `jwU G mKj k‡Z©B
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Gi AvbyMZ¨ †g‡b wb‡jv Ges wR‡Ám Ki‡jv,Ò‡n Avjvni ivmyj, Avcbvi AvbyMZ¨ Kivi
wewbg‡q Avgiv wK cv‡ev?Ó ivmyjyjvn(mv.) `„p fv‡e DËi w`‡jb,ÒRvbœvZ|Ó
Zviv Zv‡ì nvZ evov‡jb Ges ivmyjyjvn(mv.)I Zvui nvZ evov‡jb, AZtci Zviv G e‡j Avjvni ivmyj(mv.)Gi mv‡_
A½xKvive× n‡jb †h,ÒAvgiv GB e‡j kc_ MÖnb KiwQ †h, Avgiv myL-`ytL, fv‡jv-g›` me©ve¯’vqB Avcbvi
AvbyMZ¨ Ki‡ev| me©`v mZ¨ K_vi Dci cÖwZwôZ _vK‡ev Ges Avjvni Øxb‡K cÖwZôv Ki‡Z Kv‡iv mvg‡bB
gv_v bZ Ki‡ev bv|Ó kc_ MÖnb †k‡l Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) ej‡jb,Ò‡Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ mgv‡R †bZ¯’vbxq… †h ev‡ivRb
Av‡Q, Zv‡ì Avgvi Kv‡Q wb‡q Av‡mv|Ó Zviv LvhivR †MvÎ †_‡K bqRb Ges AvDm †MvÎ †_‡Kv wZbRb‡K
wb‡q Avm‡jb| ivmyj(mv.) G mKj †MvÎ cÖavb‡ì ej‡jb,Ò‡Zvgiv †Zvgv‡ì RbM‡Yi Dci `vwqZ¡kxj, †hfv‡e
Cmv(Av) wQ‡jb Zvui Abymvix‡ì Dci `vwqZ¡kxj| Avi Avwg Avgvi †jvK‡ì Dci `vwqZ¡kxj|Ó GK_v †kvbvi ci
Zviv †h hvi kh¨vq wd‡i †M‡jb, AZtci wbR wbR K¨vivfv‡b †cuŠ‡Q g`xbvq wd‡i Avm‡jb|
Zvici, Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) gymwjg‡ì †QvU †QvU `‡j wef³ n‡q g`xbvq wnRiZ Kivi wb‡`©k w`‡jb Ges gymwjgivI
G wb‡`©k Abyhvqx GKvKx wKsev ‡QvU †QvU `j MVb K‡i g°v Z¨vM Ki‡Z ïi“ Ki‡jv| BwZg‡a¨ KzivBk‡ì
Kv‡Q kc_ MÖn‡bi Lei †cuŠ‡Q †M‡j Zviv gymwjg‡ì wnRi‡Z evuav w`‡Z jvM‡jv| Zviv ¯^vgx-¯¿x m¤ú‡K©i
gv‡S G‡m `vuov‡jv †hb Zviv g°v Z¨vM bv Ki‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘, Zv m‡Ë¡I gymwjg‡ì g°v †_‡K g`xbv hvÎv Ae¨vnZ
_vK‡jv| Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) g°vq i‡q †M‡jb Ges wZwb Av‡`Š g`xbvq hv‡eb wKbv G ai‡bi †Kvb Bw½ZI KvD‡K
w`‡jb bv| wKš‘, wewfbœ NUbv †_‡K GUv cwi®‹vi †evSv hvw”Qj †h, wZwbI g°v Z¨vM Ki‡eb| gynv¤§`(mv.)
wKQy bv ejv ch©š— Avey eKi(iv.) Zvui Kv‡Q wnRi‡Zi AbygwZ PvB‡Z _vK‡jb| GK ch©v‡q, Avjvni
ivmyj(mv.) ej‡jb,ÒG‡Zv Zvovû‡ov K‡iv bv, GgbI n‡Z cv‡i †h Avjvn †Zvgvi Rb¨ GKRb mdim½x wba©vib K‡i
†`‡eb|Ó Avey eKi(iv.) ZLb eyS‡Z cvi‡jb †h, ivmyjyjvn(mv.) wnRiZ Ki‡Z Pv‡”Qb|
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) g`xbvq wnRiZ Ki‡eb GUv eyS‡Z †c‡i KzivBkiv LyeB wPwšZ— n‡q †M‡jv| KviY, Zviv
Rvb‡Zv †h g`xbvq gymwjg‡ì msL¨v A‡bK e„w× †c‡q‡Q Ges wbtm‡›`‡n ‡mLv‡b gymwjgiv GLb A‡bK †ekx
kw³kvjx| Zvi Dci hw` g°vi gymwjgivI g`xbvq wnRiZ K‡i Z‡e gymwjg‡ì cÖfve-cÖwZcwË ¯^fveZB AviI e„w×
cv‡e| Zviv GUvI Avk¼v KiwQ‡jv †h, ivmyj(mv.) hw` †Kvbfv‡e g`xbvq wM‡q †cuŠQv‡Z cv‡i Zvn‡j Zv‡ì
Aw¯Z¡— n‡e wecbœ| GRb¨ Zviv ivmyjyjvn(mv.) Gi g`xbv Mgb wKfv‡e †VKv‡bv hvq
20
Zv wb‡q w`bivZ wPšv—-fvebv Ki‡Z jvM‡jv| Avevi wPšv— K‡i †`L‡jv †h, ivmyjyjvn(mv.) hw` g°vqI †_‡K hvq
Zvn‡jI g`xbvi gymwjgiv Zv‡ì bexi m¤§vb i¶vq HKë× n‡e KzivBk‡ì wei“‡×| ZLb Zv‡ì msNe× G kw³i wei“‡×
wb‡R‡ì Aw¯Z¡— i¶v Kiv n‡q hv‡e Av‡iK mgm¨v| mew`K †f‡ewP‡š— Zviv g`xbvi gymwjg, Bmjvg Ges
gynv¤§‡ì mv‡_ m¤¢ve¨ mKj msNl© Gov‡bvi j‡¶¨ Avjvni ivmyj(mv.)†K nZ¨v Kivi wm×vš— wb‡jv Ges
‡mBmv‡_ bex(mv.)†K g`xbvq wnRi‡Z evuav †èvi †KŠkj Aej¤^b Ki‡jv|
mxiv‡Zi MÖš’¸‡jv‡Z ÕAvwqkv(iv.) Ges Avey Dgvgvn Beb kvg KZ©K… ewY©Z Av‡Q †h, AvKvevi DcZ¨Kvq
73 Rb gymwjg Dcw¯’Z n‡q hLb gynv¤§`(mv.)†K wbivcËv I meiKg mnvqZv w`‡Z A½xKvive× n‡jv, ZLb †_‡KB
wnRiZ Ki‡Z PvIqvq g°vi gymwjg‡ì Dci Kvwdi‡ì AZ¨vPvi I wbh©vZ‡bi gvÎv cÖPÛ AvKvi aviY Ki‡jv|
KzivBkiv Zv‡ì †hLv‡b †mLv‡b Acgvb I wewfbœ fv‡e AvµgY Ki‡Z jvM‡jv| Zviv G e¨vcv‡i gynv¤§`(mv.)Gi
Kv‡Q Awf‡hvM Ki‡j wZwb DË‡i ej‡jb, ÒAvgv‡K †Zvgv‡ì wnRi‡Zi Rb¨ evmf~wg wba©vib K‡i †`qv n‡e|Ó
Gi wKQyw`b c‡iB wZwb AZ¨š— Avb‡›ì mv‡_ ej‡jb,ÒAvgv‡K ejv n‡q‡Q †hb †Zvgiv Bqvmwi‡e (g`xbvq)
wnRiZ K‡iv| †h e¨w³ †mLv‡b †h‡Z Pvq †m †hb wbwð‡š— Zvi hvÎv ïi“ K‡i|Ó G wb‡`©‡ki ciciB gymwjgiv kni
Z¨vM Kivi cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z ïi“ Ki‡jv | Zviv †Mvc‡b †QvU †QvU `‡j wef³ n‡q g°v Z¨vM Ki‡Z jvM‡jv| wKš‘,
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) ZLbI Zvui wb‡Ri e¨vcv‡i Avjvni AbygwZi A‡c¶v KiwQ‡jb| Avey eKi(iv.) Zv‡K evievi G
e¨vcv‡i cÖkœ Kivq wZwb cÖZz¨Ë‡i ej‡jb,ÒG‡Zv Zvovû‡ov K‡iv bv, GgbI n‡Z cv‡i AvjvnZvqvjv †Zvgvi Rb¨
GKRb mdim½x wbe©vPb K‡i †`‡eb|Ó Avey eKi(iv.) g‡b g‡b cÖZ¨vkv Ki‡Z jvM‡jb ‡h, AvjvnZvqvjv nq‡Zv
¯^qs ivmyjyjvn(mv.)‡KB Zvui mdim½x wnmv‡e wbe©vPb Ki‡eb|
KzivBkiv gymwjg‡ì `‡j `‡j g°v Z¨v‡Mi K_v Rvbvi mv‡_ mv‡_B eyS‡Z cvi‡jv †h, Lye kxNÖB jovB Gi gq`v‡b
Zv‡ì ivmyj(mv.)†K gyKvwejv Ki‡Z n‡e| Zviv KzivBk‡ì `vi“j bvÌqvi civg‡k© K‡¶ GKwÎZ n‡q wKQy¶b
ZK©weZ©‡Ki ci gynv¤§`(mv.)†K nZ¨vi wm×v‡š— DcbxZ n‡jv| wReivBj(Av) gynv¤§`(mv.)†K G NUbv AewnZ
Ki‡jb Ges Zv‡K wbR kh¨vq bv Nygv‡bvi wb‡`©k w`‡jb| †m iv‡Î wZwb(mv) Zvui kh¨vq Nygv‡bv †_‡K weiZ
_vK‡jb Ges G mg‡qB Avjvni c¶ †_‡K wnRi‡Zi AbygwZ Avm‡jv|
g`xbvq Bmjv‡gi kw³kvjx Aw¯Z¡— wnmv‡e AvZ¥cÖKvk, †mLvbKvi gvby‡li g‡a¨ Avjvni ivmyj(mv.)†K MÖnb
Kivi g‡Zv ¯^ZtùzZ©Zv Ges m‡e©vcwi †mLv‡b Bmjvgx ivó&ª cÖwZôvi m¤¢vebvB gynv¤§`(mv.)†K g`xbvq
wnRiZ Ki‡Z DØy× K‡iwQ‡jv| †h KviI G wm×v‡š— DcbxZ nIqv ev G e¨vcv‡i we›`ygvÎ m‡›`n Kiv G‡Kev‡iB
AbywPZ n‡e †h, KzivBkiv Zv‡K nZ¨v K‡i †dj‡Z cv‡i GB f‡q wZwb(mv.) g°v Z¨vM K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb(mv.) Zvui
Dci AvcwZZ wec`-Avc` ev AZ¨vPvi-wbh©vZb wb‡q we›`ygvÎ wPwšZ— wQ‡jb bv, eis Avjvni Øxb cÖwZôvi Rb¨
memgqB Zvui Rxeb DrmM© Ki‡Z cÖ¯‘Z wQ‡jb| e¯‘Zt Zvui wnRi‡Zi g~j D‡Ïk¨B wQ‡jv `vIqvZx Kvh©µg‡K
GwM‡q wb‡q hvIqv Ges ‡mB mv‡_ my`~icÖmvix j¶¨ AR©‡b Bmjvgx ivóª eë¯’v‡K cÖwZôv Kiv| GQvov GUvI
cwi®‹vi †h, KzivBkiv gynv¤§`(mv.)†K nZ¨v Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jv GB f‡q †h, wZwb g`xbvq †cuŠ‡Q †M‡j c~Y©
wbivcËv I mvgwiK kw³i AwaKvix n‡eb| wKš‘, me©vZ¥K cÖ‡Póvi ciI KzivBkiv Zv‡ì lohš¿ mdj Ki‡Z e¨ © n‡jv|
ivmyj(mv.) g`xbvq wnRiZ Ki‡jb Ges Zv‡ì Avk¼v‡K mZ¨ cÖgvwYZ K‡i, Zvui G wnRi‡Zi NUbvB Bmjv‡gi
BwZnv‡m bZzb Aa¨v‡qi m~Pbv Ki‡jv| GUv g~jZt gvbyl‡K mZ¨ Øx‡bi c‡_ Avnev‡bi Aa¨vq †_‡K Avjvni Øx‡bi
Av‡jv‡K GKwU Bmjvgx mgvR cÖwZôvi Aa¨v‡q cÖ‡ek Ki‡jv| cÖwZwôZ n‡jv Bmjvgx ivóª †hLv‡b kvmb-
KZ©Z¡… n‡jv ïayB Avjvni| GQvov Bmjvgx ivóª Avjvni Øxb‡K cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡b ev¯e— fv‡e cÖ‡qvM K‡i,
†hŠw³K cÖgv‡Yi gva¨‡g gvbyl‡K Øx‡bi c‡_ Avnevb Ki‡jv Ges Gi mvgwiK kw³ gymwjg‡ì i¶v Ki‡jv mKj
cÖKvi wec`-Avc` Ges kÎ“‡ì Ryjyg-wbcxob I AZ¨vPvi †_‡K|
Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZôvt
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Ae‡k‡l g`xbvq G‡m †cuŠQv‡jb Ges wecyj msL¨K g`xbvevmx Zvu‡K mvb‡›` eiY K‡i wb‡jv|
G‡ì g‡a¨ gymwjg, Bû`x I g~wZ©c~Rvix meai‡bi gvbylB wQ‡jv| g`xbvevmx Aaxi AvMÖ‡n Zvui Rb¨ A‡c¶v
KiwQ‡jv Ges mK‡jB mv¶x n‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jv †mB Avb›`Nb g~û‡Z©i, hLb Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Dcw¯’Z n‡eb Zvui
bZzb Avevmf~wg‡Z| ‡mLv‡b Dcw¯’Z nIqv gvÎB gymwjgiv Zv‡K wN‡i ai‡jv Ges AvšwiK— Avw_‡ZqZvi
gva¨‡g Zvui ‡mevkÖ“lkvi Rb¨ e¨wZe¨¯— n‡q co‡jv| e¯‘Zt Bmjv‡gi Avnevb‡K GwM‡q wb‡q hvevi Rb¨ Zviv
Zv‡ì Rxeb evwR ivL‡ZI cÖ¯‘Z wQ‡jv|
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Avbmvi‡ì g‡a¨ mevB Pvw”Q‡jv †hb bex(mv.) Zvi M„‡nB Ae¯’vb K‡i| wKš‘ ivmyj(mv.) Zvui DUbxi iwk †Q‡o
w`‡jb| DUbx wb‡Ri B”Qv g‡Zv c_ Pj‡Z Pj‡Z GKmgq ÕAvgi ‡Mv‡Îi mšvb— mvnj I mynvB‡ji ¸`vgN‡ii mvg‡b
nvuUz †M‡o e‡m co‡jv| cieZ©x‡Z ivmyj(mv.) GB `yB BqvZxg wkïi KvQ †_‡K G RvqMvwU µq K‡i †bb Ges
GLv‡bB Zvui gmwR` I Gi Pvicvk wN‡i Zvui evmM„n wbg©vY K‡ib| gmwR` I evmM„n wbg©v‡Yi †¶‡Î
ivmyj(mv.) LyeB mnRjf¨ I mvavib DcKiY eënvi Kivq wbg©vY KvR Lye ZvovZvwoB †kl n‡q hvq| g~jZt
gmwR`wU wQ‡jv GKwU eo njNi, hvi Pvicvk B‡Ui ˆZix †`qvj w`‡q †Niv wQ‡jv| Gi Qv‡ì wKQy Ask wQ‡jv
†LRyi kvLv w`‡q Ave„Z, Avi evKxUv wQ‡jv †Lvjv| gmwR‡ì wKQy Ask eënvi Kiv n‡Zv `wi`ª I M„nnxb
gvby‡li Avkªq¯’j wnmv‡e| Gkvi bvgv‡Ri mgq Qvov Avi KL‡bvB gmwR‡` Av‡jv R¡vjv‡bv n‡Zv bv| mvavibZ
L‡oi ˆZix gkvj w`‡qB Kiv n‡Zv G Av‡jvi eë¯’v|
ivmyj(mv.) Gi Rb¨ ˆZix Ni¸‡jvI gmwR‡ì g‡ZvB mvavib wQ‡jv, ïaygvÎ gmwR` †_‡K GKUz †ekx Av‡jvwKZ
wQ‡jv| Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) gmwR` I Zvui M„n wbg©vY Gi mgqUzKz‡Z Avwe AvBqye Lvwj` Beb hvwq` Avj-
Avbmvwii M„‡n Ae¯’vb Kivi wm×vš— wb‡jb Ges wbg©vY KvR mgvß nevi mv‡_ mv‡_B wbRM„‡n P‡j
Avm‡jb| GLv‡b Avmvi ci, ivmyj(mv.) fve‡Z jvM‡jb Zvui bZzb Rxeb m¤ú©‡K, wKfv‡e Bmjvgx `vIqvZ GK
Aa¨vq †_‡K Ab¨ Aa¨v‡q cÖ‡ek Ki‡jv, G‡Kev‡i Bmjvgx e¨w³Ë¡ ˆZixi ch©vq †_‡K GKwU Kzdi mgv‡Ri mv‡_
Bmjvgx Av`‡k©i mvsNwl©K ch©vq Ges me‡k‡l GKwU Bmjvgx mgvR †hLv‡b gvby‡li Dci Kvh©Kix n‡e
Bmjv‡gi wewaweavb| wZwb fve‡Z jvM‡jb G bZzb hy‡Mi m~Pbv m¤ú‡K©, hv Zv‡K gvbyl‡K Bmjv‡gi w`‡K
Avnevb Kivi ch©vq I Amnbxq AZ¨vPvi-wbh©vZb †_‡K wb‡q G‡m‡Q kvmb-KZ©Z¡… I ¶gZv AR©‡bi ch©v‡q
Ges cÖvc¨ G ¶gZv I KZ©Z¡B… GLb Bmjvg‡K i¶v Ki‡e, wbivcËv †`‡e Ges Bmjv‡gi Avnevb‡K Qwo‡q †`‡e
c„w_exe¨vcx| g`xbvq Avmvi ci ciB ivmyj(mv.) gmwR` wbg©v‡Yi Av‡`k w`‡qwQ‡jb Ges G gmwR‡`B wZwb
bvgvR cov‡Zb, mvnvex‡ì mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv I civgk© Ki‡Zb| GLv‡bB wZwb g`xbvi Rbmvavi‡bi wewfbœ mgm¨v
Ki‡Zb I Zv‡ì g‡a¨ wePvi-dvqmvjv Ki‡Zb| wZwb(mv.) G mKj Kv‡R Avey eKi(iv.) I ÕIgi(iv.)†K Zvui `yB
mnKvix wnmv‡e wbhy³ Ki‡jb, ej‡jb,ÒG c„w_ex‡Z Avey eKi I ÕIgi n‡”Q Avgvi `yB mnKvix|Ó
gymwjgiv mvavibZ mKj wel‡q Zvui KvQ †_‡K Dc‡`k MÖnb Ges Rxebm¤ú‡K© mwVK w`Kwb‡`©kbv †bevi
Rb¨ ivmyj(mv.) Gi Pvicv‡k mg‡eZ n‡Zv| Gfv‡e, wZwb m`¨MwVZ G iv‡óªi ivóªcÖavb, wePviK Ges †mbvcwZi
f~wgKv MÖnb Ki‡jb| wZwb(mv.) gymwjg‡ì me welq m¤ú‡K© †LuvRLei ivL‡Zb, Zv‡ì ga¨Kvi wewfbœ SMov-
weev‡ìI dqmvjv Ki‡Zb, wbhy³ Ki‡Zb gymwjg ‰mbëvwnbxi wewfbœ As‡ki cÖavb Ges †mbvevwnbx‡K g`xbvi
evB‡i wewfbœ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wgk‡b cvVv‡Zb|
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) g`xbvi Dcw¯’Z nevi w`b †_‡KB Bmjvgx iv‡óªi m~Pbv K‡iwQ‡jb Ges cy‡iv mgvR‡K
cwieZ©b K‡i G ivóª‡K GKwU k³ wfwËi Dci `vuo Kiv‡bvi D‡`¨M wb‡qwQ‡jb| GKB mv‡_ G ivóª i¶v Kiv I Øxb
Bmjv‡gi Avnevb me©Î Qwo‡q †èvi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z K‡iwQ‡jb cÖ‡qvRbxq ˆmbëvwnbx| e¯‘Zt G mewKQyi gva¨‡gB
wZwb Avjvni Øxb‡K c„w_exe¨vcx we¯Z…— Ki‡Z mKj e¯‘MZ evuav mdjZvi mv‡_ `~i Ki‡Z m¶g n‡qwQ‡jb|
Bmjvgx mgvR MVbt
AvjvnZvqvjv cÖwZwU gvbyl‡K w`‡q‡Qb †eu‡P _vKvi cÖe„wË| G cÖe„wËi êwkó¨ AbyhvqxB gvbyl memgq
GKwÎZ n‡q `je× fv‡e emevm Ki‡Z Pvq| Avi `je× gvby‡li ci¯ú‡ii Dci wbf©ikxjZv Ges G‡K A‡bï mv‡_ †gjv‡gkv
GKwU ¯^vfvweK cÖKwZMZ… e¨vcvi| wKš‘, ïaygvÎ wKQy gvby‡li `je× fv‡e emev‡mi e¨vcviwU GKwU mgvR
ˆZix K‡i bv| g~jZt ZZ¶b ch©š— GB `je× gvbyl¸‡jv GKwU mgvR ˆZix Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, hZ¶b ch©š— bv Zviv mK‡ji
gv‡S we`¨gvb GKB ai‡bi wKQy wPšv—-fvebv Øviv ci¯úi Ave× nq| GKB ai‡bi wKQy KviY‡K wb‡R‡ì Aw¯‡Z¡i
— Rb¨ wec`RbK ev ûgKx g‡b K‡i _v‡K Ges Zv †_‡K wb‡R‡ì i¶v Ki‡Z Pvq| `je× wKQy gvby‡li g‡a¨ hw` G
ai‡bi GKwU m¤úK© ˆZix nq, ïaygvÎ ZLbB mwZ¨Kvi A‡ © GKwU mgvR ˆZix nq| Avevi, wbgœwjwLZ kZ©¸‡jv
c~iY bv n‡j mwZ¨Kv‡ii GKwU mylg mgvRI ˆZix nq bv|
e¯‘Zt mylg mgvR ‰Zix‡Z mgv‡Ri gvby‡li g‡a¨ wbgœwjwLZ Dcv`vb¸‡jv we`¨gvb _vKv cÖ‡qvRbt
1. mgv‡Ri gvby‡li g‡a¨ wPšvi— GKZv|
2. gvby‡l gvby‡l we`¨gvb m¤úK©¸‡jv‡K me©m¤§Z fv‡e MÖnb Kiv bv Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb Av‡eM-
Abyf~wZi g‡a¨ GKZv|
3. mgv‡R we`¨gvb mgm¨v¸‡jv‡K mgvavb Kivi RbÏ cÖ‡qvRb GKwU wba©vwiZ mgvR-eë¯’v|
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ZvB, †Kvb mgvR m¤ú‡K© †Kvb gZvgZ ev wm×v‡š— †cuŠQv‡bvi c~‡e© cÖ‡qvRb mgv‡R cÖPwjZ a¨vb-avibv,
we`¨gvb Av‡eM-Abyf~wZ Ges mgv‡R cÖPwjZ eë¯’v m¤ú‡K© Mfxi fv‡e wPšv—-fvebv I M‡elbv K‡i mgv‡Ri
cÖKZ… PwiÎ Abyave‡bi ‡Póv Kiv| g~jZt D‡jwLZ êwkó¨¸‡jvB wba©vib K‡i †`q GKwU mgvR †_‡K Av‡iKwU
mgv‡Ri cv_©K¨| e¨vcviwU †evSvi Rb¨ Avgiv ivmyj(mv.) wnRiZ Kivi ci g`xbvi ZrKvjxb mgvReë¯’vi Dci
Av‡jvKcvZ Ki‡ev|
‡m mg‡q g`xbvi mgvR wZbwU `‡j wef³ wQ‡jv| GKwU n‡jv Avbmvi I gynvwRi wb‡q MwVZ gymwjg‡ì `j,
†hwU wQ‡jv me©e„nr| Av‡iKwU `‡j wQ‡jv AvDm I LvhivR †Mv‡Îi g~wZ©c~Rvixiv (hviv Bmjvg MÖnb
K‡iwb) Ges ZZxq… `jwU wQ‡jv Bû`x‡ì, hviv Avevi PviwU Dc`‡j wef³ wQ‡jv| G‡ì g‡a¨ GKwU `j g`xbvq
emevm Ki‡Zv, hviv eby KvqbyKv ‡MvÎ bv‡g cwiwPZ wQ‡jv| Avi g`xbvi evB‡ii Bû`x‡ì `j¸‡jv eby bvwì, Lvqevi
Ges eby KzivBRv bv‡g cwiwPZ wQ‡jv| cÖKZc‡¶,… g`xbvq Bmjvg cÖwZwôZ nevi Av‡MI †mLv‡b Bû`x‡ì
Avjv`v mgvR wQ‡jv, hv g`xbvi ZrKvjxb mgvR †_‡K wQ‡jv G‡Kev‡iB wfbœ| Rxeb m¤ú‡K© g`xbvi gykwiK
†MvÎ¸‡jv
†_‡K Bû`x‡ì m¤ú~b© wfbœ ai‡bi wPšv—-fvebv I a¨vb-avibvB wQ‡jv Gi g~j KviY| g~jZt Zviv Zv‡ì wbR¯^
Gme a¨vb-avibvi wfwË‡ZB cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zv Zv‡ì wewfbœ Kg©KvÛ| d‡j, Bû`xiv g`xbvi †fZ‡i I Gi Pvicv‡k
emevm Kiv m‡Ë¡I KLbB g`xbvi mgv‡Ri Ask n‡Z cv‡iwb| Avi gykwiKiv wQ‡jv msL¨vjNy Ges Zviv g`xbvi
cÖwZwU cÖv‡š— †cuŠ‡Q hvIqv Bmjv‡gi Av`k© w`‡q e¨vcK fv‡e cÖfvweZ wQ‡jv| GRb¨, Bmjvg MÖnb bv
Ki‡jI Bmjvgx a¨vb-avibv, Av`k© Ges Bmjv‡gi kvmb-KZ©‡Z¡i… Kv‡Q bwZ ¯^xKvi Kiv wQ‡jv Zv‡ì Rb¨
¯^vfvweK e¨vcvi| Avevi Bmjvgx AvKx`vi wfwË‡Z gynvwRi I Avbmvi‡ì g‡a¨ cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQ‡jv HK¨|
BmjvgB Zv‡ì Kg©KvÛ‡K GKmy‡i †eu‡awQ‡jv Ges Bmjv‡gi Av‡jvwKZ Av`k©B ˆZix K‡iwQ‡jv Zv‡ì g‡a¨
Rxeb m¤ú‡K© GKB ai‡bi a¨vb-avibv I Av‡eM-Abyf~wZ| ZvB G Av`‡k©i wfwË‡ZB Zv‡ì Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU
KvR cwiPvwjZ nIqv I Zv‡ì ga¨Kvi m¤úK©¸‡jv ‰Zix nIqvI wQ‡jv ¯^vfvweK e¨vcvi|
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Bmjvgx AvKx`vi wfwË‡Z gymwjg‡ì g‡a¨ m¤úK© ˆZix Ki‡Z ïi“ Ki‡jb| wZwb gymwjg‡ì
ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ åvZZ¡… cÖwZôvi Rb¨ mevB‡K Avnevb Ki‡jb, hv‡Z Zv‡ì ga¨Kvi m¤úK©, eëmvwqK †jb-‡`b Ges
Rxe‡bi Ab¨vb¨ Kg©Kv‡Ûi DciI Gi `xN©¯’vqx cÖfve we`¨gvb _v‡K| G wPšv— gv_vq †i‡LB wZwb(mv.) ÕAvjx
Beb Avwe Zvwje, Zvui PvPv nvghv(iv.) Ges Zvui µxZ`vm hvwq`(iv.) Gi g‡a¨ åvZ‡Z¡i… m¤úK© ¯’vcb Ki‡jb|
GKB fv‡e Avey eKi(iv.) Ges Lvwihvn Beb hv‡qÌ ci¯ú‡ii fvB n‡jb| Zvici wZwb(mv.) gynvwRi I Avbmvi‡ì g‡aÏ
GKB fv‡e åvZ‡Z¡i… m¤úK© cÖwZwôZ Ki‡jb| Gfv‡e, ÕDgi Beb Avj-LvËve(iv.) I ÕDZevn Beb gvwjK Avj-
LvhivwR ci¯ú‡ii fvB n‡jb| Avevi, Zvjnvn Beb ÕDevB`yjvn I Avey AvBqye Avj Avbmvix Ges ÕAve` Avj-ivngvb
Beb ÕAvId I mvÕ` Beb Avj-ivweÕqvI ci¯ú‡ii fvB n‡q †M‡jb|
g`xbvi mgv‡R GB åvZZ¡‡eva… cÖwZôvi djvdj ev¯weK— fv‡e cÖwZdwjZ n‡qwQ‡jv| GB åvZZ¡‡ev‡ai…
Kvi‡YB g`xbvi Avbmviiv Zv‡ì gymwjg gynvwRi fvB‡ì cÖwZ cÖ`k©b K‡iwQ‡jv AKíbxq D`viZv, hv Avbmvi I
gynvwRi‡ì m¤úK©‡K K‡iwQ‡jv my`„p I gReyZ| åvZ‡Z¡i… `vex Abyhvqx Zviv gynvwRi‡ì A ©-m¤ú` †_‡K ïi“
K‡i mg¯— wKQy‡Z Askx`vi K‡iwQ‡jv| GgbwK Zviv GKmv‡_ eëmv-evwYR¨ Ges KwlKvRI… Ki‡Zv|
gynvwRi‡ì g‡a¨ hv‡ì eëmv Kivi g‡Zv gbgvbwlKZv wQ‡jv Zviv Av‡¯— Av‡¯— eëmv-evwY‡R¨ AskMÖnb
Ki‡Z jvM‡jv| †hgbt ÕAve` Avi ingvb Beb ÕAvDd evRv‡i gvLb wewµ Ki‡Zb| Avi hviv eëmv-evwY‡Rï w`‡K
†Mj bv, Zviv KwlKvR… K‡i RxweKv wbe©vn Ki‡Z jvM‡jv| †hgbt Avey eKi I ÕAvjx (iv.) Avbmvi‡ì Rwg‡Z
Pvlvev` Ki‡Zb| ivmyj(mv.) ej‡jb,Òhvi GKLÛ Rwg Av‡Q ‡m †hb Zv Pvl K‡i, A_ev Zvi fvB‡K Pvl Kivi Rb¨ †`q|Ó
Gfv‡eB gymwjgiv RxweKv AR©‡bi Rb¨ wewfbœ KvR Ki‡Z jvM‡jv| wKš‘, Zvic‡iI gymwjg‡ì g‡a¨ †QvU
GKwU `j i‡q ‡M‡jv, hv‡ì bv wQ‡jv †Kvb A_©, bv ‡cj Zviv †Kvb KvR Avi bv wQ‡jv Zv‡ì †Kvb _vKvi
RvqMv| Zviv wQ‡jv LyeB Afvex, Zviv gynvwRi-Avbmvi †Kvb `‡jiB Aš©f~³— wQ‡jv bv| Giv wQ‡jv g~jZt
†e`yBb hviv Bmjvg MÖnb Kivi ci gw`bvq G‡mwQ‡jv| ivmyj(mv.) wb‡R G‡ì `vwqZ¡ wb‡jb, gmwR‡ì GK As‡k
Zv‡ì _vKvi e‡›`ve¯— K‡i w`‡jb Ges µ‡g Giv Avnj Avm myd&dvn bv‡g cwiwPwZ jvf Ki‡jv| gymwjg‡ì g‡a¨
hv‡ì‡K AvjvnZvqvjv ¯^”QjZv w`‡qwQ‡jb †m me gnvbyfe ü`‡qi gvby‡livB G‡ì cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi eë¯’v Ki‡Zv|
Gfv‡eB Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) g`xbvi gymwjg‡ì RxebhvÎv‡K w¯’wZkxj K‡iwQ‡jb Ges Zv‡ì ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ ci¯ú‡ii
m¤úK©‡K GKwU k³ wfwËi Dci ùvo Kwi‡q w`‡qwQ‡jb| Pvwiw`‡K Kzdi cwi‡ewóZ Ae¯’vq g`xbvi Bmjvgx
mgvR GiKg GKwU gReyZ I `„p wfwËi Dci cÖwZwôZ wQ‡jv e‡jB Zv gybvwdK I Bû`x‡ì mKj nxb Pµvš‡K—
bm¨vr Ki‡Z mg © n‡qwQ‡jv| g`xbvi Bmjvgx mgvR memgqB HKe× wQ‡jv Ges ivmyj(mv.) gymwjg‡ì ga¨Kvi GB
GKZv‡K wbwðZ K‡iwQ‡jb|
g`xbvq Bmjvgx mgvR MV‡b †mLvbKvi gykwiKiv KL‡bvB Kvh©Kix †Kvb f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡iwb| cÖ_gw`‡K,
Zviv Bmjvgx ûKzg-AvnKv‡gi Kv‡Q m¤ú~b© fv‡e bwZ ¯^xKvi K‡iwQ‡jv, Zvici Av‡¯— Av‡¯— mgv‡R Zv‡ì
cÖfve Kg‡Z Kg‡Z GKmgq Zv m¤ú~b© fv‡e wejyß n‡q wM‡qwQ‡jv|
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Avi, Bû`x‡ì mgvR memgqB g`xbvi mgvR †_‡K m¤ú~b© Avjv`v wQ‡jv, GgbwK Bmjvg Avmvi c~‡e©I| Zvici
g`xbvq hLb Bmjvg cÖwZwôZ n‡jv, Bû`x‡ì mv‡_ g`xbvi mgv‡Ri GB cv_©K¨ AviI Nbxf~Z n‡jv| ZvB, wKQz
wba©vwiZ wfwËi Dci Bû`x I gymwjg‡ì g‡a¨ GKwU cvi¯úvwiK m¤úK© wba©vib Kiv Ri“ix n‡q co‡jv| myZivs,
mgv‡Ri Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨‡ì e¨vcv‡i gymwjg‡ì Ae¯’vb wK n‡e Zv ivmyj(mv.) wba©vib Ki‡jb| GB ‡cÖ¶vc‡U,
ivmyj(mv.) gynvwRi I Avbmvi‡ì e¨vcv‡i GKwU mb` ˆZix Ki‡jb, hv‡Z wZwb(mv.) Bû`x‡ì‡K ag©xq I m¤ú‡`
AwaKvi w`‡q Zv‡ì mv‡_ GKwU Pzw³ Ki‡jb Ges wewbg‡q Bû`x m¤cÖ`v‡qi Rb¨ wKQz `vwqZ¡ wba©vib K‡i
w`‡jb| wZwb(mv.) Pzw³cÎwU Gfv‡e ïi“ K‡iwQ‡jb,ÒGwU n‡”Q Avjvni ivmyj gynv¤§‡ì c¶ †_‡K mb`, whwb
KzivBk I Bqvmwi‡ei(g`xbv) wek¦vmx gymwjg‡ì Dci KZ©Z¡kxj… Ges Zv‡ì DciI hviv Zv‡ì‡K Abymib Ki‡e,
Zv‡ì mv‡_ †hvM ‡`‡e Ges Zv‡ì mv‡_ hy× Ki‡e| mg¯— c„w_exi gvby‡li wecix‡Z Zviv n‡e GKwU RvwZ|Ó
Zvici, wZwb(mv.) wek¦vmx‡ì g‡a¨ wKfv‡e m¤úK© MwVZ n‡e Zv D‡jL K‡ib| GQvov, wZwb(mv.) D³ mb‡`
Bû`x‡ì mv‡_ gymwjg‡ì m¤úK© †Kgb n‡e ZvI D‡jL K‡i e‡jb,ÒGKRb gymwjg KL‡bvB †Kvb Agymwj‡gi
LvwZ‡i †Kvb gymwjg‡K nZ¨v Ki‡e bv| GgbwK, GKRb Awek¦vmx‡K †Kvb gymwjg GKRb gymwj‡gi wei“‡×
KL‡bv mvnvhÏ Ki‡e bv| Avjvni mv‡_ Zv‡ì KZ… Pzw³ GK Ges Pzw³ f½Kvix `vqfvi MÖnb Ki‡e| gyÕwgbiv
n‡”Q mg¯— ewnivMZ‡ì wei“‡× G‡K Ac‡ii mvnvh¨Kvix| Bû`x‡ì ga¨ n‡Z hviv Avgv‡ì Abymib Ki‡e Zviv
mvnvh¨ I mgvb AwaKvi cÖvß n‡e| Zv‡ì e¨vcv‡i †Kvb Ab¨vq Kiv n‡e bv, bv Zv‡ì kÎ“‡K †KvbiKg mvnvh¨ Kiv
n‡e| gyÕwgb‡ì ga¨Kvi kvwš— _vK‡e Awe‡”Q`¨| gyÕwgbiv hLb Avjvni iv¯vq— hy× Ki‡e ZLb †KvbiKg c„_K
kvwšPzw³— Kiv hv‡e bv| Pzw³i kZ© Aek¨B mevi Rb¨ mgvb fv‡e hyw³hy³ n‡Z n‡e|Ó G Pzw³‡Z †h mKj Bû`x
†MvÎ g`xbvi mxgvbvi evB‡i evm Ki‡Zv Zv‡ì K_v ejv nqwb, eis †h me Bû`x Bmjvgx iv‡óªi bvMwiK n‡Z
†P‡qwQ‡jv ïay Zv‡ì K_vB D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ`Ë Pzw³ Abyhvqx, g`xbvq emevmKvix †h †Kvb Bû`x Bmjvgx
iv‡óªi bvMwiK wnmv‡e gymwjg‡ì mgvb AwaKvi †c‡qwQ‡jv Ges Zv‡ì mv‡_ gymwjg‡ì g‡ZvB eënvi Kiv
n‡Zv| Bmjvgx iv‡óª Zv‡ì‡K wRw¤§ (kZ©mv‡c‡¶ bvMwiK) wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv n‡Zv| Pyw³c‡Îi c‡ii w`‡K †h
me Bû`x †Mv‡Îi K_v D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv‡ì g‡a¨ wQ‡jv eby ÕAvDd Ges eby bv¾vi Ges AviI A‡b‡K|
D‡jwLZ Bû`x †MvÎ¸‡jvi mv‡_ Bmjvgx iv‡óªi m¤úK© †Kgb n‡e Zv G mb‡` D‡jL Kiv wQ‡jv| GLv‡b cwi®‹vi
fv‡e wjwLZ wQ‡jv †h, Bû`x I gymwjg‡ì ga¨Kvi G m¤úK© n‡e ïaygvÎ Bmjvgx ûKzg-AvnKvg, Bmjv‡gi kvmb-
KZ©Z¡… Ges Bmjvgx iv‡óªi wbivcËv I ¯^v_© i¶vi Dci wfwË K‡i| Pyw³i wKQz wKQz kZ© wQ‡jv wbgœiƒct
1. The close friends of the Jews are as themselves. gynv¤§`(mv.) Gi AbygwZ Qvov †KD g`xbvi evB‡i †h‡Z
cvi‡e bv|
2. Pzw³c‡Î D‡jwLZ mK‡ji Rb¨ Bqvmwie c~Y¨f~wg wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e|
3. hw` †Kvb e¨vcv‡i †Kvb gZ‡f` ev weev‡ì m„wó nq, hv wKbv mgv‡R †Kvb ai‡bi wek„•Ljv m„wó Ki‡Z
cv‡i, Z‡e Zv Aek¨B
Avjvn I Zvui ivmy‡ji w`‡K wdwi‡q w`‡Z n‡e|
4. KzivBk Ges Zv‡ì mvnvh¨Kvix‡ì †KvbiKg wbivcËv †`qv n‡e bv|
Avjvni ivmy‡ji ˆZix G mb` g`xbvi cÖvšmxgvq— emevmiZ Bû`x †MvÎ¸‡jvi Ae¯’vb wba©vib K‡iwQ‡jv| G mb`
Zv‡ì Dci G kZ©I Av‡ivc K‡iwQ‡jv †h, Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) A_©vr, Bmjvgx iv‡óªi AbygwZ e¨ZxZ Zviv g`xbvi
evB‡i †h‡Z cvi‡e bv| G Pzw³i gva¨‡g Bû`x †MvÎ¸‡jv‡K hy× ev Ab¨ †Kvb †MvÎ‡K hy‡× mn‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡g
g`xbvi cweÎZv ev kvwš— bó Kiv wbwl× Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv| GQvov, Bû`x †MvÎ¸‡jvi Dci KzivBk †MvÎ ev KzivBk‡ì
wgÎ‡ì‡KI †KvbiKg mvnvh¨ Kivi e¨vcv‡iI wb‡lavÁv Av‡ivc Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv| Pzw³ Abyhvqx, mb‡ì †Kvb e¨vcv‡i
weev‡ì m„wó n‡j Zviv Zv Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Gi w`‡K wdwi‡q w`‡Z eva¨ wQ‡jv| Bû`xiv G Pzw³i mKj kZ© †g‡b
wb‡qwQ‡jv Ges D‡jwLZ †MvÎ¸‡jvI kZ© †g‡b wb‡q Pzw³‡Z ¯^v¶i K‡iwQ‡jv| G †MvÎ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wQ‡jv eyby
ÕAvDd, eby Avj-bv¾vi, eby Avj-nvwiQvn, eby mvwqÕ`vn, eby Rykvg, eby Avj-AvDm Ges eby Qvjvevn| eby
KzivBRv, eby Avj-bvwRi Ges eby KvBbyKvÕ G mgq G Pzw³‡Z ¯^v¶i bv Ki‡jI cieZ©x‡Z Zviv †¯^”Qvq Pzw³i
mKj kZ© †g‡b wb‡qB G‡Z ¯^v¶i K‡iwQ‡jv|
G Pzw³i gva¨‡g ivmyj(mv.) beMwVZ Bmjvgx iv‡óªi bvMwiK‡ì ga¨Kvi m¤úK©¸‡jv k³ fv‡e wbi“cY K‡iwQ‡jb|
GQvov, Bmjvgx ivóª
Ges cÖwZ‡ekx Bû`x †MvÎ¸‡jvi ga¨Kvi m¤úK©I `„p I my¯úó fv‡e ewY©Z k‡Z©i wfwË‡Z iwPZ n‡qwQ‡jv| Dfq
†¶‡ÎB Bmjvgx ûKzg
AvnKvg‡KB me wePvi-dvqmvjvi gvcKvwV wnmv‡e aiv n‡Zv| g~jZt G ch©v‡q Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) †gvUvgywU
fv‡e wbwðZ n‡qwQ‡jb †h,
Bmjvgx ivóª GKwU k³ wfwËi Dci cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q Ges Bû`x‡ì AZ©wKZ AvµgY I wek¦vmNvZKZv †_‡K
beMwVZ G ivóª wKQzUv
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wbivcËv jvf K‡i‡Q| myZivs, Gici wZwb(mv.) Bmjvgx `vIqv‡Zi c‡_ Aew¯’Z e¯‘MZ evuav Acmvi‡b g‡bvwb‡ek
Ki‡jb Ges wRnv‡ì cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z _vK‡jb|
wRnv‡ì cÖ¯‘wZt
g`xbvi cÖvšmxgvq— Aew¯’Z Bû`x †MvÎ¸‡jvi mv‡_ Pzw³ m¤úbœ nevi ci ivmyj(mv.) hLb eyS‡jb †h, g`xbvi
beMwVZ Bmjvgx mgvR `„p wfwËi Dci cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q ZLb wZwb wRnv‡ì Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z ïi“ Ki‡jb|
KviY, Øxb Bmjv‡gi Avnevb‡K mg¯— c„w_exe¨vcx Qwo‡q w`‡q Kzdi wbqwš¿Z f~wg‡K Bmjv‡gi cZvKvZ‡j
wb‡q Avmv Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Ab¨Zg `vwqZ¡| Avi Bmjv‡gi Avnevb‡K Qwo‡q †èvi G KvRwU †Kvb fv‡eB
wgkbvix‡ì Kv‡Ri mv‡_ Zzjbxq bq| eis, Bmjvgx iv‡óªi `vwqZ¡ n‡jv gvbyl‡K Bmjv‡gi w`‡K Avnevb Kiv,
Zv‡ì‡K Bmjvgx a¨vb-aviYv I ûKzg-AvnKvg wk¶v †`qv I mgv‡Ri gvbyl‡K G Av‡jv‡K M‡o †Zvjv Ges
m‡e©vcwi mgvR I iv‡óª Øxb Bmjvg ev¯evq‡bi— c‡_ †h †Kvb ai‡bi e¯‘MZ evuav AcmviY Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq
e¯‘MZ c`‡¶c MÖnb Kiv|
e¯‘Zt g°vi KzivBkiv memgqB Øxb Bmjvg cÖPv‡ii c‡_ me©vZ¥K e¯‘MZ evuav ˆZix K‡i‡Q, ‡h Kvi‡Y G evuav
Acmvi‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡¶c MÖnb Kiv Ggwb‡ZB Ri“ix wQ‡jv| G wPšv— gv_vq †i‡L Ges GKB mv‡_ g`xbvq
mxgvbv AwZµg K‡i Bmjv‡gi Avnevb‡K me©Î Qwo‡q †`qvi j‡¶¨ ivmyj(mv.) Zvui ˆmbvevwnbx cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z ïi“
Ki‡jb| G D‡Ï‡k¨ wZwb(mv.) KzivBk‡ì‡K P¨v‡jÄ K‡i we‡kl D‡Ï‡k¨ wKQz evwnbx †cÖiY K‡ib hv GKB mv‡_
g`xbvi gybvwdK, Bû`x I g`xbvi evB‡ii Bû`x †MvÎ¸‡jv‡KI mZ©K ms‡KZ cÖ`vb K‡iwQ‡jv| wZwb Pvigv‡m
g`xbvi evB‡i wZbwU ‰mb¨`j cvVvb|
wZwb(mv.) nvghvn(iv.) Gi †bZ‡Z¡… gynvwRi‡ì ga¨ n‡Z wÎkR‡bi GKwU `j‡K Avj-ÕBk‡qi wbKUeZ©x AÂ‡j
cvVvb, G Awfhv‡b Avbmvi‡ì ga¨ †_‡K †KD AskMÖnb K‡iwb| nvghvn(iv.) Zvui `jejmn mgy`ª Zx‡i AveyRvnj
Beb wnkvg I Zvi wZbkZ mnhvÎxi gy‡LvgywL n‡j hy×ve¯’vi m„wó nq, wKš‘ gvhw` Beb ÕAvgi Avj-Rynvwb Dfq
c¶‡K hy× e¨ZxZB Avjv`v K‡i †`b| Gici ivmyj(mv.) gynvwRi‡ì ga¨ n‡Z lvU Rb Ak¦v‡ivnx‡K gynv¤§` Beb
ÕDevB`v Beb Avj-nvwiQvni †bZ‡Z¡… Awfhv‡b cvVvb| G Awfhv‡bI Avbmvi‡ì ga¨ n‡Z †KD wQ‡jv bv|
gynv¤§` Beb ÕDevB`v(iv.) ivweMvni DcZ¨Kvq Avey mywdqv‡bi gy‡LvgywL nb| Avey mywdqvb G mgq `y‡kviI
†ekx Ak¦v‡ivnx evwnbxi †bZ…Z¡ w`w”Qj| G AwfhvbI †kl ch©š— hy× ch©š— Movqwb, ïaygvÎ mvÕ` Beb Avwe
Iqv°vm Hw`b kÎ“c¶‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i GKwU Zxi wb‡¶c K‡iwQ‡jb| GQvov, Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) mvÕ` Beb Avwe
Iqv°v‡mi †bZ‡Z¡… wekRb Ak¦v‡ivnx‡K g°vi w`‡K †cÖiY K‡iwQ‡jb, wKš‘ ZvivI †KvbiKg hy× e¨vZxZB wd‡i
Av‡mb|
G Awfhvb¸‡jv g~jZt g`xbvq hy‡×i GKwU Aven ˆZix K‡iwQ‡jv Ges ivmyj(mv.) Gi cwiKwíZ G‡Ki ci GK GB
Awfhvb¸‡jv g°vi KzivBk‡ì‡KI h‡_ó cwigv‡Y kw¼Z K‡iwQ‡jv| wKš‘, ivmyj(mv.) ïay Zvui `jej‡K Awfhv‡b
†cÖiY K‡iB ‡_‡g _v‡Kbwb eis, cieZ©x‡Z wZwb(mv.) wb‡RI KzivBk‡ì wei“‡× Awfhv‡b AskMÖnb K‡ib|
g`xbv‡Z ivmyj(mv.) Gi wnRi‡Zi GK eQi ci wZwb(mv.) KzivBk Ges eby `vgivn †MvÎ‡K AZwK©Z Avµg‡Yi
D‡Ï‡k¨ IqvÏvb ch©š— ‡cŠu‡Q hvb| G Awfhv‡b wZwb(mv.) KzivBk‡ì gy‡LvgywL bv n‡jI eby `vgivn †MvÎ
Avjvni ivmy‡ji mv‡_ kvwšPzw³— K‡i| Gici Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) g`xbvi Avbmvi I gynvwRi‡ì mgš^‡q MwVZ
`yBkZ †hv×v mn Awfhv‡b †ei nb Ges ivÌqvi wbKUeZ©x eyqvZ bvgK ¯’v‡b †cuŠQvb| G Awfhv‡bi D‡Ïk¨
wQ‡jv DgvBqv Be‡b Lvj‡di †bZ‡Z¡… cÖvq AvovB nvRvi DU Ges GKkZ †hv×vi m¤^š^‡q MwVZ ‡cŠËwjK‡ì
evwYR¨ Kv‡djv‡K avIqv Kiv| wKš‘, G evwYR¨ Kv‡djvwU cÖPwjZ c_ bv a‡i Ab¨ c_ a‡i hvÎv Kivq Avjvni
ivmyj(mv.) ‡cŠËwjK‡ì G `jwU‡K ai‡Z e¨_© nb| eyqvZ Awfhv‡bi wZb gvm ci ivmyj(mv.) Avey mvjvgvn Beb
ÕAve` Avj-Avmv`‡K g`xbvi `vwq‡Z¡ †i‡L `Õy‡kvi †ewk gymwjg mn AveviI Awfhv‡b †ei nb| wZwb(mv.) Zvui
`jej mn Bqvbey DcZ¨Kvi Avj-ÕDkvBivn bvgK ¯’v‡b †cuŠQvb| G ¯’v‡b wZwb(mv.) Rgvw`Dj AvDqvj gv‡m
†cuŠQvb Ges Rgvw`Dm mvwbi wKQzw`b ch©š— GLv‡b Ae¯’vb K‡ib| G ¯’v‡b wZwb KzivBk †bZv Avey
mywdqv‡bi evwYR¨ Kv‡djv‡K avIqv Kivi Rb¨ Ae¯’vb MÖnb K‡ib| wKš‘, GeviI wZwb(mv.) Zvui j¶¨ AR©‡b
e¨_© nb| wKš‘, G Awfhvb G‡Kev‡i e¨ © nqwb, KviY GB Awfhv‡b wZwb(mv.) eby gy`jvR Ges Zv‡ì wgÎ eby
`vgivni mv‡_ kvwšPzw³— m¤úv`b K‡ib|
Gici Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) g`xbvq wd‡i Avmvi gvÎ `kw`‡bi g‡a¨ KviR Beb Rvwei Avj dvnwi bv‡g GK †cŠËwjK
g`xbvi Pvibf~wg AvµgY K‡i| Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) mvnvex‡ì m‡½ wb‡q Zvi †Luv‡R †ei nb| KviR Beb Rvwei
wQ‡jv KzivBk‡ì wgÎ c‡¶i †jvK| Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) e`‡ii wbKUeZ©x mvdIqvb DcZ¨Kv ch©š— KviR Beb
Rvwei‡K avIqv K‡ib| wKš‘, KviR Beb Rvwei cvwj‡q †h‡Z m¶g nq| GUv wQ‡jv eì cÖvš‡i— gymwjg‡ì cÖ_g
AvµgY|
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Gfv‡eB Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Zvui MwVZ ˆmbëvwnbx‡K mg¯— Avie e-Øxc AÂ‡ji wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Awfhv‡b
cvwV‡q KzivBk‡ì cÖKv‡k¨ P¨v‡jÄ Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| hwÌ G mKj Awfhv‡b cÖKZc‡¶… †Kvb hy× msMwVZ nqwb
wKš‘, Zvic‡iI G me ¶z`ª ¶z`ª Awfhvb †_‡K AwR©Z cÖvwß cieZ©x mg‡qi eo eo hy‡×i c_‡K gm„Y K‡iwQ‡jv|
KviY, G mg¯— Awfhv‡b gymwjg‡ì †h mvgwiK cÖwk¶Y nq Zv g~jZt Zv‡ì hy‡×i gq`v‡bi Rb¨B cÖ¯‘Z K‡i|
GQvov, gymwjg‡ì †QvU †QvU G mg¯— Awfhvb g`xbvi gybvwdK I Bû`x †MvÎ¸‡jvi †gi“`‡Û AvZ‡¼i †mªvZ
cÖevwnZ K‡i, hv Zv‡ì gymwjg‡ì wei“‡× †Kvb ai‡bi Sv‡gjv ˆZix Kivi wPšv— †_‡K weiZ iv‡L| KzivBk‡ì
D‡Ï‡k¨ Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Gi G cÖKvk¨ P¨v‡jÄ †hgb GKw`‡K ‡cŠËwjK‡ì g‡bvej †f‡½ w`‡qwQ‡jv Avevi
Ab¨w`‡K gymwjgiv gvbwmK fv‡e cÖPÛ fv‡e AvZ¥wek¦v‡mi mv‡_ D¾xweZ n‡qwQ‡jv| GQvov, ivmyj(mv.)
g`xbv Ges †jvwnZ mvMi Zx‡ii gaëZ©x AÂ‡j emevmKZ… wewfbœ †MvÎ †hgb, eby `vgivn, eby gy`jvR Ges AviI
A‡bK †Mv‡Îi mv‡_ wgÎZvi Pzw³ K‡i KzivBk‡ì wmwiqvMvgx evwYR¨ Kv‡djvi c‡_ A‡bK evuavwecwËiI m„wó
K‡ib|
wRnv‡ì m~Pbvt
g`xbv bvgK †h f~wg‡K ivmyj(mv.) emevm Kievi Rb¨ †e‡Q wb‡qwQ‡jb, †mLv‡b wZwb(mv.) Bmjvgx ivóª
cÖwZôvi mv‡_ mv‡_B Bmjvgx ûKzg-AvnKvgI ev¯—evqb K‡iwQ‡jb| e¯‘Zt g`xbvq Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZôvi ciB
Avjvni Zid †_‡K ûKzg-AvnKv‡gi AvqvZ bvwhj n‡Z _v‡K| ivmyj(mv.) Bmjvgx iv‡óªi g~jwfwË Ges g`xbvi
mgvR‡K Bmjvgx AvKx`vn I AvBb-Kvby‡bi wfwË‡ZB kw³kvjx K‡iwQ‡jb Ges g`xbvi gymwjg‡ì (gynvwRi I
Avbmvi) g‡a¨ åvZ‡Z¡i… eÜb cÖwZwôZ K‡iwQ‡jb| Gici kixqvni gva¨‡g Bmjvgx kvmbeë¯’v g`xbvi gymwjg‡ì
Rxe‡b ev¯weK— fv‡e AbycÖ‡ek K‡i Ges cieZ©x‡Z Bmjvgx kvmbeë¯’vi Av‡jv‡K MwVZ GB mgvRB mg¯—
c„w_ex‡Z Bmjv‡gi evZ©v en‡bi ¸i“`vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i| The number of Muslims substantially increased and they
became a force to be reckoned with , individuals and groups alike embraced Islam every other day, amongst them
Jews and others.
ivmyj(mv.) g`xbvi Bmjvgx iv‡óªi kw³mvg‡_©ï e¨vcv‡i wbwðZ nevi mv‡_ mv‡_ mg¯— Avie e-Øx‡c Bmjv‡gi
evZ©v †cuŠ‡Q †èvi e¨vcv‡i g‡bv‡hvMx n‡jb| GKB mv‡_ wZwb(mv.) GUvI eyS‡Z cviwQ‡jb †h, g°vi KzivBkiv
Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZx Kvh©µ‡gi c‡_ †h KwVb evuav m„wó K‡i †i‡L‡Q ‡m KwVbZg evuav AwZµg Ki‡Z
kw³cÖ‡qvM Acwinvh©| KviY, KzivBk‡ì GB cÖej cÖwZ‡iv‡ai gy‡L ïaygvÎ eyw×e„wËK cš’vq `vIqvZx Kvh©µg
cwiPvjbv Kiv Avi Ai‡Y¨ †iv`b Kiv wQ‡jv Avm‡j GKB K_v|
ivmyj(mv.) hLb g°vq Zvui `vIqvZx Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv KiwQ‡jb ZLb Zvui c‡¶ G KwVbZg evuav AwZµg Kiv
wQ‡jv Am¤¢e| KviY, ZLb bv wQ‡jv Bmjvg ivóªxq ¶gZvq Avi bv wQ‡jv evuav Acmvi‡Y cÖ‡qvRbxq e¯‘MZ kw³
AR©‡bi †Kvb my‡hvM| wKš‘, Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZwôZ nevi mv‡_ mv‡_B ivmyj(mv.) e¯‘MZ G kw³ AR©‡bi
my‡hvM I ¶gZvi AwaKvix nb| evuav Acmvi‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡¶c MÖnb Kivi my‡hvMI Zvui nv‡Z G‡m
hvq| Gici wZwb(mv.) hv K‡ib, Zv n‡jv g~jZt Zvui ˆmbëvwnbx‡K gy‡LvgywL hy‡×i Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z Kiv Ges `vIqvZx
Kvh©µg cÖPvi cÖmv‡i bZzb bZyb †¶Î ‰Zix Kiv| G Kvi‡YB wZwb(mv.) Zvui `jej‡K wewfbœ Avie f~-L‡Ûi
wewfbœ ¯’v‡b AZwK©Z Awfhv‡b cvVvb, hvi g‡a¨ †Kvb †Kvb wZwb wb‡RI AskMÖnb K‡iwQ‡jb| G mg¯—
Awfhv‡bi D‡Ïk¨B wQ‡jv ‡cŠËwjK‡ì gymwjg‡ì kw³mvg © cÖ`k©b Kivi gva¨‡g †cŠËwjK‡ì mivmwi P¨v‡jÄ
Kiv| G Awfhvb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ me©‡kl Awfhvb wQ‡jv ÕAvãyjvn Beb Rvn‡ki Awfhvb, g~jZt GUv wQ‡jv e`‡ii hy‡×i
m~Pbv ce©|
wnRix wØZxq mv‡ji iRe gv‡m gynv¤§`(mv.) ÕAvãyjvn Beb Rvn‡ki †bZ‡Z¡… gynvwRi‡ì GKwU `j‡K
Awfhv‡b cvVvb| wZwb(mv.) ÕAvãyjvn Beb Rvnk‡K Zvui wjwLZ GKwU wPwV †`b Ges Av‡`k †`b †hb `yB
w`‡bi c_ AwZµg Kivi c~‡e© GwU †Lvjv bv nq| wPwV †Lvjvi ci wZwb(mv.) ÕAvãyjvn Beb Rvnk‡K Zvui
wjwLZ wb‡`©k Abyhvqx KvR Kivi Av‡`k †`b Ges G Av‡`k cvj‡b Zvi `‡ji Ab¨vb¨‡ì ‡Rvi Rei`w¯— Ki‡Z wb‡la
K‡ib| `yBw`b hvÎvi ci ÕAvãyjvn Beb Rvnk wPwV Ly‡j †`L‡jb †mLv‡b ‡jLv Av‡Q,ÒAvgvi GB wPwV covi ci
†Zvgiv g°v I ZvÕwq‡di gaëZ©x ¯’vb bvLjvn ch©š— hvÎv Ki‡e Ges KzivBk‡ì evwYR¨ Kv‡djvi Rb¨ Ir _vK‡e
Ges Zviv hv hv wKQz enb Ki‡Q †m m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì AewnZ Ki‡e|Ó wPwV covi ci wZwb wPwVi welqe¯‘ I
ivmyj(mv.) Gi wb‡`©k m¤ú‡K© Zvi m½x‡ì AewnZ K‡ib Ges GKB mv‡_ GUvI Rvwb‡q †`b †h, Avjvni
ivmyj(mv.) G `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b KvD‡K †Rvi Rei`w¯— Ki‡Z wb‡la K‡i‡Qb|
`‡ji mK‡jB Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b m¤§wZ cÖKvk K‡i Ges Mš‡eï— w`‡K `je× fv‡e GwM‡q ‡h‡Z _v‡K|
GKch©v‡q mvÕ` Beb Avwe Iqv°vm Avj Rynwi Ges ÕDZevn Beb MvRIqvb Zv‡ì nviv‡bv DU LyuR‡Z wM‡q `j
†_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡q c‡o| cieZ©x‡Z, Zviv `yÕRb

26
KzivBk‡ì nv‡Z e›`x nq| Gw`‡K, ÕAvãyjvn Beb Rvnk bvLjvn bvgK ¯’v‡b †cuŠ‡Q ivmyj(mv.) Gi wb‡`©k
Abymv‡i KzivBk‡ì Rb¨ A‡c¶v Ki‡Z _v‡K Ges GKch©v‡q evwYR¨ mvgMÖx fwZ© KzivBk‡ì GKwU K¨vivfvb
Zvi bR‡i Av‡m| ÕAvãyjvn Beb Rvnk wK Ki‡e †mUv wba©viY Kivi Rb¨ Zvi m½x mv_x‡ì mv‡_ civgk© Ki‡Z
_v‡K| KviY, ‡mw`b wQ‡jv iRe gv‡mi †kl w`b Avi iRe gvm wQ‡jv hy× Kivi Rb¨ wbwl× gvm| Zviv fve‡Z _v‡K,
hw` Zviv Kv‡djv‡K AvµgY K‡i Z‡e wbwl× gv‡m hy× Kiv n‡e A_P Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Zv‡ì G e¨vcv‡i †Kvb
wb‡`©k †`bwb| Zviv G‡K Aci‡K ej‡Z _v‡K,ÒAvjvni Kmg, †Zvgiv hw` AvR iv‡Z Zv‡ì †Q‡o `vI Z‡e Zviv cweÎ
GjvKvq cÖ‡ek Ki‡e Ges †Zvgv‡ì AvµgY †_‡K wbivc` n‡q hv‡e| Avi, hw` †Zvgiv Zv‡ì nZ¨v K‡iv Z‡e, †Zvgiv
Zv‡ì wbwl× gv‡m nZ¨v Ki‡e|Ó cÖ_gw`‡K Zviv AvµgY Kivi e¨vcv‡i wØavMÖ¯’ Ges fxZ _vK‡jI cieZ©x‡Z
Zviv kÎ“c¶‡K AvµgY Kivi Rb¨ GK Ab¨‡K DrmvwnZ K‡i Ges Avµg‡Yi wm×vš— †bq| gymwjg‡ì ga¨ n‡Z GKRb
evwYR¨ Kv‡djvi †bZv ÕAvgi Beb nvìvwg‡K j¶¨ K‡i Zxi wb‡¶c K‡i Ges Zv‡K nZ¨v K‡i| †kl ch©š— Zviv
Kv‡djvi `yÕRb‡K e›`x K‡i Ges mg¯— evwYR¨ mvgMÖx wb‡q Zviv g`xbvq wd‡i Av‡m|
g`xbvq cÖZ¨veZ©b Kivi ci ivmyj(mv.) Zv‡ì e‡jb,ÒAvwg †Zv †Zvgv‡ì wbwl× gv‡m hy× Kivi †Kvb wb‡`©k
†`Bwb|Ó AZtci, wZwb(mv.) e›`x `yR‡bi e¨vcv‡i †Kvb wm×vš— MÖnb ev hy×jä gvjvgvj †_‡K †KvbwKQz wb‡Z
A¯^xKvi K‡ib| GUvB wQ‡jv ÕAvãyjvn Beb Rvn‡ki †bZ‡Z¡… Awfhv‡bi me©‡kl djvdj| hwÌ, Avjvni ivmyj(mv.)
G `jwU‡K KzivBk‡ì Dci bRi`vwi Kivi Rb¨ cvwV‡qwQ‡jb wKš‘, †kl ch©š— G NUbv wbwl× gv‡m hy×,
nZ¨vKvÛ, kÎ“c¶‡K hy×e›`x wnmv‡e g`xbvq wb‡q Avmv Ges hy×jä m¤ú` MYxg‡Zi gvj wnmv‡e wb‡q Avmv
ch©š— Movq| myZivs, G wel‡q Bmjvgx kixqvn&i ûKzg wK n‡Z cv‡i?
e¯‘Zt G wel‡q Avjvni wm×v‡ši— Rb¨B ivmyj(mv.) A‡c¶v Ki‡Z _v‡Kb Ges G Kvi‡YB wZwb(mv.) hy×e›`x I
cÖvß gvjvgv‡ji e¨vcv‡i †KvbiKg wm×vš— MÖn‡b weiZ _v‡Kb| Aciw`‡K, KzivBkiv G NUbv‡K Bmjvg I
gynv¤§`(mv.) m¤ú‡K© AccÖPvi Kivi †gv¶g my‡hvM wnmv‡e jy‡d †bq| Zviv mg¯— Avie †MvÎ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ cÖPvi
Ki‡Z _v‡K †h, gynv¤§`(mv.) I m½xiv wbwl× gv‡mi cweÎZv bó K‡i‡Q, Zviv cweÎ gv‡m i³cvZ K‡i‡Q, m¤ú` jyU
K‡i‡Q Ges KzivBk‡ì e›`x K‡i‡Q| G welq‡K †K›`ª K‡i g°vq Aew¯’Z gymwjg I ‡cŠËwjK KzivBk‡ì g‡a¨
evKweZÛv ïi“ nq| g°vi gymwjgiv Zv‡ì g`xbvi gymwjg fvB‡ì G e‡j i¶v Kivi †Póv K‡i †h, gymwjgiv iRe gv‡m
bq eis kvevb gv‡m Kv‡djv AvµgY K‡i‡Q| wKš‘, Bmjvg I gymwjg‡ì wei“‡× KzivBk‡ì e¨vcK †bwZevPK
cÖPvibv `g‡b Zv‡ì mKj †Póv e¨_©Zvq ch©ewmZ nq| Aciw`‡K, Bû`xivI G my‡hv‡Mi mØeënvi Ki‡Z _v‡K Ges
Zviv ÕAvãyjvn Beb Rvn‡ki Kv‡Ri e¨vcK mgv‡jvPbv I Zv‡K mgv‡R †nq cÖwZcbœ Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡i| †cŠËwjK I
Bû`x‡ì wgwjZ G AccÖPv‡i gymwjgiv gvivZ¥K fv‡e Avµvš— nq| Avi Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) bxie †_‡K G e¨vcv‡i
Avjvni wm×v‡ši— Rb¨ A‡c¶v Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| Ae‡k‡l, Avjvn myenvbyIqvZvqvjv G welq‡K †K›`ª K‡i myiv
evKvivi K‡qKwU AvqvZ bvwRj K‡ib,
Òm¤§vwbZ gvm m¤ú‡K© †Zvgvi Kv‡Q (Zviv) wR‡Ám K‡i †h, Zv‡Z hy× Kiv †Kgb? e‡j `vI, G‡Z hy× Kiv fxlY eo
cvc| Avi Avjvni c‡_ cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó Kiv Ges Kzdix Kiv, gmwR‡` nviv‡gi c‡_ evuav †`qv Ges †mLvbKvi
Awaevmx‡ì ewn¯‹vi Kiv, Avjvni wbKU Zvi †_‡KI eo cvc| Avi wdZbv m„wó Kiv binZ¨v A‡c¶vI gnvcvc| e¯‘Zt Zviv
†Zv me©`vB †Zvgv‡ì mv‡_ hy× Ki‡Z _vK‡e, hv‡Z K‡i †Zvgv‡ì‡K Øxb †_‡K wdwi‡q w`‡Z cv‡i, hw` Zv m¤¢e nq|
Ó [myiv evKvivnt 217]
GB AvqvZwU bvwRj nevi ci gymwjgiv Avb‡›` DjwmZ n‡q D‡V Ges ivmyj(mv.) Zvici hy×jä gvjvgvj gymwjg‡ì
gv‡S weZiY K‡i †`b Ges mvÕ` Beb Avwe Iqv°vm Avj Rynix Ges ÕDZevn Beb MvRIqvb Gi gyw³i wewbg‡q
KzivBk hy×e›`x‡ì gy³ K‡i †`b| e¯‘Zt KziAv‡bi GB AvqvZwU KzivBk‡ì Bmjv‡gi wei“‡× mg¯— AccÖPvi‡K
GKwbwg‡l ¯ä— K‡i †`q| cweÎ gv‡m hy‡×i e¨vcv‡i G AvqvZwU KzivBk‡ì cÖ‡kœi DËi cÖ`vb K‡i Ges GKB
mv‡_ GUvI †NvlYv K‡i †h, cweÎ gv‡m hy× Kiv cvc wKš‘,Avjvni `„wó‡Z gvbyl‡K gmwR`yj nvivg †_‡K wdwi‡q
†`qv Ges †mLvbKvi Awaevmx‡ì ewn¯‹vi Kiv, cweÎ gv‡m hy× Kiv I nZ¨v Kiv n‡ZI ¸i“Zi cvc|
Øxb Bmjvg MÖnb Kivi Kvi‡Y gymwjg‡ì Dci KzivBk‡ì wbg©g AZ¨vPvi I Pig wbh©vZbg~jK AvPib Avjvni
`„wó‡Z wQ‡jv cweÎ gvm wKsev Ab¨ †Kvb gv‡m hy× I nZ¨v A‡c¶vI ¸i“Zi e¨vcvi | e¯‘Zt g°vq Ae¯’vb Kv‡j
KzivBkiv gymwjg‡ì‡K Øxb Bmjvg †_‡K ‡div‡bvi Rb¨ cÖvYvšKi— cÖ‡Póv Pvwj‡qwQ‡jv Ges gymwjg‡ì
wei“‡× me©vZ¥K fv‡e hy× †NvlYv K‡iwQ‡jv| G Ae¯’vq gymwjg‡ì KzivBk‡ì mv‡_ hy‡× AeZxY© nIqv e¨ZxZ
Avi †Kvb c_B †Lvjv wQ‡jv bv| hw` Zv nvivg gv‡m nq ZeyI| KzivBkivB e¯‘Zt Bmjvgx `vIqv‡Zi c‡_ Pzovš—
iK‡gi evuav m„wó K‡iwQ‡jv, Zviv Avi‡ei Rbmvavib‡K Bmjvg MÖnb Kiv †_‡K weiZ †i‡LwQ‡jv, wb‡Riv
†R‡bï‡b Avjvn‡K A¯^xKvi K‡iwQ‡jv, gmwR`yj nviv‡gi cweÎ GjvKv †_‡K †mLvbKvi Awaevmx‡ì ewn¯‹vi
K‡iwQ‡jv Ges m‡e©vcwi Bmjvg MÖn‡bi Rb¨ gymwj‡gi Dci cÖPÛ wbh©vZb Pvwj‡qwQ‡jv| wbwl× gvm wKsev
Ab¨ †h †Kvb gv‡m Zv‡ì wei“‡× hy× †NvlYv KivB
27
wQ‡jv Zv‡ì Kg©d‡ji Dchy³ cÖwZ`vb| myZivs, ÕAvãyjvn Beb Rvnk cweÎ gv‡m KzivBk‡ì wei“‡× †h hy‡×i
m~Pbv K‡iwQ‡jb, Zv Zv‡K ev ‡Kvb gymwjg‡KB Avm‡j †nq cÖwZcbœ Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|
Avi Gfv‡eB, ÕAvãyjvn Beb Rvn‡ki †bZ‡Z¡… gymwjg‡ì G Awfhvb n‡q †Mj Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡mi GKwU gvBj
djK| G NUbvB g~jZt Bmjvgx `vIqvZx Kvh©µg cÖPvi-cÖmv‡i M„nxZ c×wZi e¨vcK cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ GKwU
w`Kwb‡`©kbv n‡q _vK‡jv| G Awfhv‡b IqvwK` Beb ÕAvãyjvn Avj-Zvwgwg Zxi Qzu‡o KzivBk Kv‡djvi
m`©vi‡K nZ¨v K‡i Ges GUvB wQ‡jv Avjvni c‡_ †Kvb gymwj‡gi nv‡Z cÖ_g i³cvZ| wRnv‡ì AvqvZ bvwR‡ji
c~e© ch©š— cweÎ gv‡m hy× Kiv wbwl×B _v‡K| hwÌ G NUbvi ci G e¨vcv‡i ûKzgwU cwiewZ©Z n‡q hvq| e¯‘Zt
Dc‡iv³ AvqvZwUi gva¨‡g AvjvnZvqvjv cweÎ gv‡m hy× Kivi Dci †_‡K c~e©eZ©x wb‡lavÁv Zz‡j †bb|
g`xbvi Rxebt
Bmjv‡gi i‡q‡Q GKwU wbw`©ó Rxebeë¯’v †hUv g~jZt iƒc jvf Ki‡Q Rxeb m¤ú‡K© wKQz we‡kl a¨vbavibvi
‡_‡K| G¸‡jvB n‡”Q Bmjvgx ms¯‹wZi… g~j Dcv`vb, †hUv Ab¨ †h †Kvb ms¯‹wZ… †_‡K m¤ú~b© fv‡e Avjv`v|
Bmjvgx Rxebeë¯’v‡K wZbwU g~j ‰ewk‡óï gva¨‡g e¨vL¨v Kiv hvqt
1. Bmjvgx Rxebeë¯’v Bmjvgx AvKx`vn ev wek¦v‡mi Dci cÖwZwôZ|
2. Bmjvgx Rxebeë¯’vq gvby‡li mKj Kg©KvÛ cwiPvwjZ nq Avjvn wba©vwiZ nvjvj-nviv‡gi Dci wfwË
K‡i|
3. Avjvni mš‘wó AR©b KivB G Rxebeë¯’vq my‡Li cÖKZ… A_©|
GUvB n‡”Q Bmjvgx Rxebeë¯’v Ges G iKg GKwU RxebB gymwjg‡ì GK Ges GKgvÎ Kvg¨| wKš‘, G iKg GKwU
Rxebeë¯’v †c‡Z n‡j gymwjg‡ì Aek¨B ìKvi GKwU Bmjvgx ivóª, hv Bmjvg‡K cwic~Y© fv‡e ev¯—evqb Ki‡e
Ges Avjvni mg¯— ûKzg-AvnKvg‡K mgv‡R me©‡Zvfv‡e ev¯evqb— Ki‡e|
gymwjgiv g`xbvq wnRi‡Zi ci Bmjvgx AvKx`vni wfwË‡Z iwPZ GKwU m¤ú~Y© wfbœag©x Rxeb cwiPvjbv
K‡iwQ‡jv| Avi, GB mgqB mgvR Rxeb, wewfbœ Aciv‡ai kvw¯— m¤úwK©Z AvqvZ Ges Bev`Z m¤úwK©Z
AvqvZ bvwRj nq| wnRix wØZxq mv‡j gymwjg‡ì Dci hvKvZ I wmqvg diR Kiv nq| Gici AvRvb diR Kiv nq Ges
g`xbvevmx wejvj Beb ivweÕqvn myjwjZ K‡Ú w`‡b cvuPevi AvRvb ïb‡Z _v‡K| Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) g`xbvq
Avmvi 17 gvm ci wKejvi w`K cwieZ©b K‡i Kvev‡K wKejv wnmv‡e wba©vib Kiv nq| Gici G‡K G‡K Bev`Z,
Lv`¨, g~j¨‡eva, gvby‡li ga¨Kvi m¤úK© Ges Avjvni ûKzg Agvb¨ Kiv m¤úwK©Z KziAv‡bi wewfbœ AvqvZ bvwRj
n‡Z _v‡K| g` Ges ïK‡ii gvsm wbwl× Kiv nq Ges wewfbœ Acivag~jK Kg©KvÛ I Acivaxi kvw¯— welqK AvqvZI
G mg‡q bvwRj nq| AvqvZ bvwRj Kiv nq e¨vemvwqK †jb‡`b wel‡q, me ai‡bi my`‡K wbwl× †NvlYv Kiv nq|
g`xbvq hLbB gymwjg‡ì ˆ`bw›`b Rxeb m¤úwK©Z †Kvb AvqvZ bvwRj n‡Zv Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) AvqvZwU‡K
gymwjg‡ì Rb¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Zb †hb Zviv †m Abyhvqx Zv‡ì Rxeb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cv‡i| wZwb(mv.) g`xbvi
gymwjg‡ì mKj welq †`Lvïbv Ki‡Zb, wZwb Zvui K_v, KvR I Zvui m¤§y‡L NwUZ Kv‡Ri e¨vcv‡i bxie †_‡K
gymwj‡gi ga¨Kvi SMov-weev` wgUgvU I mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Zb| GRb¨B ivmyj(mv.) Gi K_v, KvR I we‡kl wel‡q
Zvui bxieZv meB kixqvni Drm| KviY, Avjvn myenvbyIqvZvqvjv myiv bvR‡g e‡j‡Qb,
ÒGes (wZwb) cÖe„wËi Zvobvq K_v e‡jb bv| (GB) KziAvb n‡jv Inx, hv cÖZ¨v‡`k nq|Ó [myiv bvRgt 3-4]
Gfv‡eB g`xbvq gymwjg‡ì Rxeb m¤ú~b© e¨wZµgag©x GKwU `„wófw½ Abyhvqx cwiPvwjZ n‡Z _v‡K, Avi GB
`„wófw½ wQ‡jv cy‡ivcywi Bmjvwg `„wófw½| Avi Bmjvgx `„wófw½i Dci wfwË K‡iB GKwU e¨wZµgag©x
mgvR ax‡i ax‡i Rxeš— n‡q D‡V| Bmjvgx a¨vb-aviYv I Av‡eM Abyf~wZ µgk we¯wZ…— jvf Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡i Ges
mgv‡Ri me©¯‡i— Bmjv‡gi ûKzg-AvnKvg¸‡jvI cwic~Y© fv‡e ev¯evwqZ— nq| Øxb Bmjvg mgv‡Ri gvbyl‡K ‡`q
Rxe‡bi mg¯— mgm¨vi mgvavb Ges ‡`q Rxe‡bi mg¯— wel‡q w`Kwb‡`©kbv| Bmjvgx `vIqv‡Zi G ch©vqwU, †h
ch©v‡q gymwjgiv Bmjv‡gi Dci cy‡ivcywi cÖwZwôZ n‡q wM‡qwQ‡jv Zv ivmyj(mv.)†K mwZ¨Kvi fv‡e
Avbw›`Z K‡iwQ‡jv| KviY, G ch©v‡q gymwjgiv wbf©‡q Ges †Kvbiƒc AZ¨vPvi wbh©vZb e¨ZxZB e¨w³MZ I `je×
fv‡e Bmjv‡gi mg¯— ûKzg-AvnKvg †g‡b Pj‡Z cviwQ‡jv Ges Bmjvg GKwU k³ wfwËi Dci cÖwZwôZ n‡q
wM‡qwQ‡jv| Zviv Zv‡ì Rxe‡bi mg¯— mgm¨v AvjvnZvqvjvi ûKzg
28
Abyhvqx mgvavb Ki‡Zv, bZzb †Kvb wel‡qi AeZviYv n‡j Zv memgqB Zv Avjvni ivmy‡ji w`‡K wdwi‡q w`‡Zv
Ges Zviv KL‡bvB Avjvni wba©vwiZ mxgv AwZµg Ki‡Zv bv| ïay ZvB bq, Zviv Zv‡ì cÖwZwU Kg©KvÛI
Avjvni ûKz‡gi wfwË‡Z cwiPvwjZ Ki‡Zv Avi G‡ZB Zviv mwZ¨Kv‡ii gvbwmK kvwš— I myL jvf Ki‡Zv|
gymwjg‡ì ga¨ n‡Z A‡b‡K Øxb Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© wk¶v MÖnb, KziAvb gyL¯— Kiv wKsev ÁvbvR©‡bi Avkvq
gynv¤§`(mv.)†K Qvqvi g‡Zv AbymiY Ki‡Zv| Gfv‡e ax‡i ax‡i Bmjvg we¯wZ…— jvf K‡i Ges gymwjgivI w`‡b
w`‡b kw³kvjx n‡Z _v‡K|
Bû`x Ges Lªxóvb‡ì mv‡_ weZ©Kt
Lye Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨B Agymwjgiv gymwjg‡ì kw³mvg©_¨ m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb n‡q hvq| Zviv eyS‡Z cv‡i †h,
gymwjg‡ì kw³mvg©_¨ Avm‡j Zv‡ì ü`‡qi Mfx‡i †cÖvw_Z| Avi, Zviv GUvI eyS‡Z cv‡i ‡h, †h ü`q Bmjv‡gi Rb¨
mKj cÖKvi AZ¨vPvi wbh©vZ‡bi c_ cvwo w`‡q‡Q †m ü`q KL‡bv Øxb Bmjvg i¶vq AKvZ‡i cÖvY DrmM© Ki‡Z
wcQcv n‡e bv| eis G ü`q memgqB Bmjvg i¶vq Aejxjvq Rxeb DrmM© Ki‡Z cÖ¯‘Z| GQvov, gymwjgiv G mgq
g`xbvq Zv‡ì Øxb‡K cwic~Y© fv‡e Dc‡fvM KiwQ‡jv, Bmjv‡gi mg¯— ûKzg-
AvnKvg‡K ev¯evwqZ— K‡iwQ‡jv Ges cÖwZw`bB Øxb Bmjvg bZzb GK D”PZvq DVwQ‡jv hv gymwjg‡ì µgkt
KiwQ‡jv AvZ¥wek¦v‡m ewjqvb I mwZ¨Kvi A‡ © cwiZß|…
wKš‘, Bmjv‡gi kÎ“iv †Kvbfv‡eB Øxb Bmjvg I gymwjg‡ì µgewa©Z G cÖfve-cÖwZcwË‡K mn¨ Ki‡Z cviwQ‡jv
bv, we‡kl K‡i g`xbvi cÖwZ‡ekx Bû`x †MvÎ¸‡jvi gv‡S gymwjg‡ì cÖwZ N„Yv I we‡Øl Zxeª fv‡e cÖKvwkZ nj|
gymwjg‡ì e¨vcv‡i Zv‡ì fqI µgk evo‡Z _vK‡jv| hLb Zviv †`L‡jv †h, gymwjgiv µgk kw³kvjx n‡”Q Ges AmsL¨
gvbyl Bmjv‡gi Avnev‡b mvov w`‡”Q ZLb Zviv bZzb K‡i gynv¤§`(mv.) Ges Zvui mvnvev‡ì wecix‡Z Zv‡ì
Ae¯’vb‡K c~Yt we‡ePbv Ki‡jv| hLb Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì ga¨ n‡ZI †ekwKQz gvbyl Bmjvg MÖnY Ki‡jv ZLb Zviv
mwZ¨Kvi fv‡e wPwšZ— I ‡µvavwš^Z n‡q co‡jv| Zviv fxZ n‡jv GB †f‡e †h, Øxb Bmjvg GKmgq Zv‡ì gv‡SI
cÖ‡ek Ki‡e Ges Bû`x †MvÎ¸‡jvi g‡aÏ Bmjvg we¯wZ…— jvf Ki‡e| G Avk¼vq Zviv Bmjvg, Bmjvgx AvKx`vn I
Bmjv‡gi ûKzg-AvnKv‡gi cÖwZ Zxeª Avµg‡Yi Zxi wb‡¶c Ki‡jv| cwiYwZ‡Z Bû`x I gymwjg‡ì gv‡S Zxeª evK-
weZÛv I mœvqy hy‡×i gva¨‡g bZzb msNv‡Zi m„wó n‡jv| e¯‘Zt Bû`x I gymwjg‡ì ga¨Kvi GB weev` I msNvZ
g°vi KzivBk‡ì mv‡_ gymwjg‡ì Zxeª msNv‡Zi PvB‡ZI e¨vcK I fqven AvKvi aviY K‡iwQ‡jv|
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) I Zvui mvnvex‡ì mv‡_ wjß eyw×e„wËK msMÖv‡g Bû`x‡ì g~j A¯¿ wQ‡jv lohš¿,
wek¦vmNvZKZv I c~e©eZ©x bex‡ì m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì ¸ß Ávb| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Ggb wKQz ag©¸i“ wQ‡jv hviv evwn¨K
fv‡e Bmjvg ag© MÖnb K‡iwQ‡jv| Zviv gymwjg‡ì mv‡_ DVv-emv Ki‡Zv Ges ci‡nRMvixZvi fvb Ki‡Zv| wKš‘,
AíwKQzw`‡bi g‡a¨B Øxb Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì m‡›`n, Awek¦vm I wØav-Ø›` cÖKvwkZ n‡q †M‡jv| Zviv
gynv¤§`(mv.)†K Ggb me cÖkœ Ki‡Zv, hv‡Z Bmjv‡gi g~j wek¦vm Ges Inxi mZ¨Zv wb‡q gymwjg‡ì gv‡SI
weåvwš— I m‡›`‡ni m„wó nq Ges Zv‡ì `„p wek¦v‡mi fxZ b‡o hvq|
AvDm I LvhivR †Mv‡Îi gv‡S hviv ïaygvÎ gymwjg‡ì gv‡S kÎ“Zv I m‡›`n m„wó Kivi Rb¨ Bmjvg MÖnb
K‡iwQ‡jv, Bû`xiv Zv‡ì mv‡_B `je× n‡jv| †kl ch©š— gymwjg I Bû`x‡ì ga¨Kvi GB msNvZ Ggb ch©v‡q
†cuŠQv‡jv †h, kvwšPzw³— _vKv m‡Ë¡I cÖvq hy× evuavi Dcµg n‡jv|
GKevi Avey eKi (iv.) Bû`x‡ì AvµgYvZ¥K K_vevZ©vq cÖPÛ ivMvwš^Z nb Ges Zvui ‡µva `g‡b e¨ © nb| GLv‡b
g‡b ivLv ìKvi †h, Avey eKi (iv.) Zvui Amvavib cÖÁv, Amxg âh©¨ I VvÛv †gRv‡Ri Rb¨ cÖwm× wQ‡jb| G
NUbvwU gymwjg‡ì cÖwZ Bû`x‡ì D×Z¨ I Zxeª N„Yvi GKwU R¡jR¨vš— D`vnviY| ewY©Z Av‡Q †h, GKevi
Avey eKi(iv.) wdbnvm bv‡gi GK Bû`x‡K †W‡K Zv‡K Avjvn‡K fq Ki‡Z e‡jb Ges Bmjvg MÖnb Kivi Dc‡`k †`b|
Gi Rev‡e wdbnvm e‡j,ÒAvgiv Avjvni g‡Zv `wi`ª bB, KviY wZwb wb‡R‡K Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q †nq cÖwZcbœ
K‡i‡Qb| Avgiv Zvui Dci wbf©i Kwi bv, wKš‘ wZwb Avgv‡ì Dci wbf©i K‡ib| wZwb hw` Avgv‡ì Dci wbf©i
bvB Ki‡Zb Z‡e wZwb Avgv‡ì Zvu‡K FY w`‡Z ej‡Zb bv, †hgbwU †Zvgv‡ì bex e‡j _v‡Kb| †Zvgv‡ì bex
†Zvgv‡ì my` wb‡Z wb‡la K‡ib, wKš‘ Avgv‡ì K‡ib bv|
wZwb(AvjvnZvqvjv) hw` mwZ¨Kvi fv‡eB Afvegy³ n‡Zb Z‡e, Avgv‡ì Rb¨ my` nvjvj Ki‡Zb bv|Ó wdbnvm G
wel‡q Avjvni bvwhjKZ… wb‡gœv³ AvqvZwU‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i, †hLv‡b AvjvnZvqvjv e‡j‡Qb,
29
Ò‡K Av‡Q Ggb †h Avjvn‡K †`‡e DËg FY, Z‡e Avjvn Zv eû¸‡Y ewa©Z K‡i †`‡eb|Ó [myiv evKvivnt 245]
Avey eKi(iv.) wdbnv‡mi G D×Z¨c~Y© AvPi‡Y G‡Zv †ekx ivMvwš^Z n‡q c‡ob †h, wZwb wdbnv‡mi gy‡L
AvNvZ K‡ib Ges e‡jb,Ò‡m mË¡vi Kmg hvui nv‡Z Avgvi fvM¨! I‡n Avjvni kÎ“, hw` Avgv‡ì g‡a¨ †Kvbiƒc Pzw³
bv _vK‡Zv Z‡e Avwg Aek¨B †Zv‡K nZ¨v KiZvg|Ó
Bû`x I gymwjg‡ì ga¨Kvi GB ZK©weZ‡K©i DòZv µgkt evo‡Z _v‡K Ges G Ae¯’v †ekwKQz mgq a‡i weivR K‡i|
G cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Lªxóvb‡ì lvUR‡bi GKwU `j bRivb †_‡K g`xbvq AvMgb K‡i| Zviv Bû`x I gymwjg‡ì ga¨Kvi GB
weev` m¤ú‡K© c~‡e©B AewnZ n‡qwQ‡jv| Zviv G Avkvq g`xbvq AvMgb K‡iwQ‡jv †h, nq‡Zv Bû`x I
gymwjg‡ì ga¨Kvi GB dvUj Av‡iv fqven AvKvi aviY Ki‡e Ges Zv‡ì Amnbxq cwiw¯’wZ †_‡K gy³ Kivi Rb¨
Lªxóvb ag©wek¦vm GK weivU f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡e| GKB mv‡_ Lªxóvb ag©I Bû`x I Bmjvg a‡g©i Qzu‡o †`qv
P¨v‡jÄ †_‡K wPiZ‡i gyw³ cv‡e| G j¶¨ ev¯evq‡bi— D‡Ï‡k¨ Lªxóvb‡ì GB `jwU Bû`x I gymwjg Df‡qi mv‡_B
m¤úK© eRvq †i‡LwQ‡jv|
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Bû`x‡ì mv‡_ mv‡_ Zv‡ì‡KI Avn‡j wKZve e‡j m‡¤^vab K‡ib Ges Dfq `j‡K Bmjv‡gi w`‡K
Avnevb K‡ib| wZwb(mv.) Zv‡ì‡K KziAv‡bi wb‡gœv³ AvqvZwU c‡o †kvbvb,
Òej (†n gynv¤§`)! †n Avn‡j wKZveMY, GKwU wel‡qi w`‡K Av‡mv hv †Zvgv‡ì I Avgv‡ì g‡a¨ mgvb †h, Avgiv
Avjvn Qvov Kv‡iv Bev`Z Ki‡ev bv, Zvui mv‡_ KvD‡K kixK Ki‡ev bv Ges Avjvn Qvov KvD‡K cvjbKZ©v evbv‡ev
bv| wKš‘, hw` Zviv gyL wdwi‡q †bq, Z‡e ejt Ò‡Zvgiv mv¶x _v‡Kv †h Avgiv gymwjg‡ì Aš©f~³|Ó— [myiv Avwj
Bgivbt 64]
Gici, Bû`x I Lªxóvbiv gynv¤§`(mv.)†K Ab¨vb¨ bex‡ì wel‡q cÖkœ Ki‡Z _v‡K| Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Gi Rev‡e
KziAv‡bi wb‡gœv³ AvqvZwU c‡o †kvbvb,
Òej! Avgiv wek¦vm Kwi Avjvni Dci Ges hv wKQz bvwhj n‡q‡Q Avgv‡ì Dci Ges hv wKQz bvwhj n‡q‡Q Beªvwng,
BmgvBj, BmnvK,
BqvKze Ges Zv‡ì mšvb‡ì— Dci Ges hv wKQz bvwhj n‡q‡Q gymv Ges Cmvi Dci Ges hv wKQz Avjvni c¶ †_‡K
bex‡ì‡K †`qv n‡q‡Q Zvi Dci| Avgiv Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †Kvb cv_©K¨ Kwi bv Ges wbðqB Avgiv Zvi cÖwZB AbyMZ|Ó
[myiv evKvivnt 136]
G K_vi ci Bû`x I Lªxóvbiv gynv¤§`(mv.)†K ejvi g‡Zv Avi wKQzB Lyu‡R †c‡Zv bv| e¯‘Zt Zv‡ì Aši—
ivmyj(mv.) G hyw³‡K †g‡b wb‡qwQ‡jv Ges mZ¨ Zv‡ì Kv‡Q w`‡bi Av‡jvi g‡Zv cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQ‡jv| wKš‘,
Zviv ïay Zv‡ì m¤§vb, cÖfve, cÖwZcwË Ges mvgvwRK c`gh©v`v nviv‡bvi f‡q Bmjvg MÖnb †_‡K wb‡R‡ì
weiZ ‡i‡LwQ‡jv Ges Zv‡ì g‡a¨ A‡b‡K G K_v ¯^xKviI K‡iwQ‡jv| ewY©Z Av‡Q †h, bRivb †_‡K AvMZ Avey
nvwiQvn& bv‡g GK Lªxóvb `yZ, †h wQj Zv‡ì ga¨Kvi GKRb cÖwm× Av‡jg, †m Zvi Aši½— eÜzi Kv‡Q GK_v
¯^xKvi K‡iwQj †h, gynv¤§`(mv.) ‡h mZ¨ K_v ej‡Q G e¨vcv‡i Zvi g‡b ‡Kvb m‡›`n †bB| Zvi eÜz hLb Zv‡K
wR‡Ám Ki‡jv Zvn‡j ‡Kb ‡m mZ¨ †R‡bI Bmjvg MÖnb Ki‡Q bv? Gi DË‡i †m e‡jwQ‡jv,ÒZviv (‡ivgvb ev
evBRvB›UvBbiv) Avgv‡ì †hfv‡e m¤§vwbZ K‡i‡Q, wewfbœ c`gh©v`vq f~wlZ K‡i‡Q, A ©-m¤ú` w`‡q hv‡”Q,
hw` Avwg Bmjvg MÖnb Kwi, Z‡e Zviv G mg¯— wKQz Avgv‡ì KvQ †_‡K wQwb‡q ‡b‡e| KviY, gynv¤§`(mv.)
hv e‡j, Zviv Gi m¤ú~Y© wecixZg~Lx Ae¯’v‡b|Ó G NUbvB cÖgvY K‡i †h, Zv‡ì wbj©¾ ¯^v_©ciZv, ¶z`ª
e¨w³¯^v_© I A‡nZzK AÜ †Mvqv©ZzwgB Avm‡j Zv‡ì Bmjvg MÖnb Kiv †_‡K weiZ †i‡LwQ‡jv| Gici Avjvni
ivmyj(mv.) Lªxóvb `yZ‡ì‡K gyevnvjvi (wb‡R‡ì Dci Avjvni †µva el©‡Yi cÖv_©bv) Rb¨ cÖKv‡k¨ Avnevb
K‡iwQ‡jb, †hb Lªxóvb I gymwjg‡ì ga¨ n‡Z hviv wg_¨vev`x Zviv Avjvni c¶ †_‡K MRe ewl©Z n‡q aŸsm n‡q
hvq| wZwb(mv.) Zv‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ bx‡Pi AvqvZwU cvV K‡iwQ‡jb,
ÒAZtci †Zvgvi wbKU mZ¨ G‡m hvevi ciI hw` G m¤ú‡K© †Zvgvi mv‡_ †KD weev` K‡i, Zvn‡j ejt Avgiv †W‡K †bB
Avgv‡ì cyÎ‡ì I †Zvgv‡ì cyÎ‡ì Ges Avgv‡ì ¯¿x‡ì I †Zvgv‡ì ¯¿x‡ì Ges Avgv‡ì wb‡R‡ì I †Zvgv‡ì wb‡R‡ì|
Zvici P‡jv Avgiv mevB wg‡j cÖv_©bv Kwi Ges Zv‡ì cÖwZ Avjvni Awfm¤úvZ Kwi hviv wg_¨vev`x|Ó [myiv Bgivbt
61]
G Avnev‡bi ci Zviv (Lªxóvb `y‡Ziv) wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ civgk© K‡i Ges †NvlYv †`q †h, Zviv gyevnvjvq AskMÖnb
Ki‡e bv Ges gynv¤§`(mv.)†K Zvui AvbxZ Øx‡bi DciB †Q‡o †`‡e Avi, ZvivI Zv‡ì Øxb‡KB AvuK‡o _vK‡e|
GQvov, Zviv gynv¤§`(mv.)†K Aby‡iva K‡i †hb, wZwb(mv.) Zvui c¶ n‡Z GKRb `vwqZ¡kxj gymwjg‡K Zv‡ì
wbw`©ó wKQz A_©‰bwZK wel‡q gxgvsmv Kivi Rb¨ cvwV‡q †`b| G

30
Aby‡iv‡ai cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z, ivmyj(mv.) Avey ÕDevB`vn Beb Avj-Rviivn‡K Bmjvg w`‡q Zv‡ì wePviKvh©
cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ cvwV‡q †`b|
e¯‘Zt G ch©v‡q, Bmjvgx `vIqv‡Zi AcÖwZ‡iva¨ MwZ, Bmjvgx AvKx`vni kw³ Ges mZ¨Øx‡bi kvwYZ
hyw³Z‡K©i avi Ggb fv‡e cÖKvwkZ n‡Z _v‡K †h, gybvwdK, Bû`x I Lªxóvb‡ì DÌvwcZ mg¯— wg_¨v hyw³ZK©
I Awf‡hvM wb‡g‡lB aywjm¨vr n‡q hvq| Zv‡ì Bmjvg ewn©f~Z åvš— a¨vb-avibv Lye `ª“Z wbwðý n‡q hvq Ges
civµgkvjx Aw¯Z¡— I mwVK Rxebeë¯’v wnmv‡e ïaygvÎ BmjvgB wU‡K _v‡K| Gfv‡e, Bmjv‡gi ûKzg-AvnKvg
m¤úwK©Z mve©¶wbK Av‡jvPbv-ch©v‡jvPbv, Bmjv‡gi w`‡K gvbyl‡K Avnevb BZ¨vwì gva¨‡g Bmjvg ax‡i
ax‡i gvby‡li Aš‡ii— Mfx‡i †cÖvw_Z n‡Z _v‡K| Avi, Bmjv‡gi mgybœZ cZvKvZ‡j mKj åvš— Rxebeë¯’v,
wek¦vm I kvmbKvh© wejxb n‡q hvq| wKš‘, G mewKQzi ciI gybvwdK I Bû`x‡ì Aš‡i— gymwjg‡ì cÖwZ Zxeª
N„Yv, we‡Øl I cÖwZwnsmvi Av¸b w`‡b w`‡b evo‡ZB _v‡K| GK_v Ab¯^xKvh© †h, g`xbvq Bmjv‡gi kvmb-¶gZv
I `„p wfwËi Dci cÖwZwôZ Bmjvgx mgvR ‡m mgq mewKQzi Dci KZ©Z¡kxj… nq| GQvov, wewfbœ †QvU †QvU
Awfhv‡bi gva¨‡g gymwjg‡ì cÖ`wk©Z kw³-mvg_©¨ Bmjv‡gi kÎ“c‡¶i gyLI †gvUvgywU eÜ K‡i ‡`q| ‡kl ch©š,—
gnvb AvjvnZvqvjv evYxB mKj åvš— gZv`‡k©i Dci weRqx nq Ges Bmjv‡gi kÎ“iv eva¨ nq Avjvni mve©‡fŠgZ¡ I
Bmjv‡gi kvmb-KZ©‡Z¡i… Kv‡Q m¤ú~Y© fv‡e bwZ ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z|
e`‡ii hy×t
wnRix wØZxq m‡bi igRvb gv‡mi 8 Zvwi‡L ivmyj(mv.) wZbkZ cvuP Rb mvnvex I mËiwU DU wb‡q Kvwdi‡ì
D‡Ï‡k¨ Awfhv‡b †ei nb| G mgq wZwb ÕAvgi Beb D¤§ gvLZzg‡K bvgv‡R BgvgwZi `vwqZ¡ Ges Avey
jyevevn‡K g`xbvi `vwq‡Z¡ wbhy³ K‡ib| D‡Ui wc‡V P‡o ivmyj(mv.) Gi `jwU Avey mywdqv‡bi †bZ‡Z¡…
KzivBk‡ì GK evwYR¨ Kv‡djv‡K Lyu‡R wdiwQ‡jv| c_ Pj‡Z Pj‡Z Zviv Avey mywdqv‡bi Kv‡djv m¤ú‡K©
†LvuRLei wb‡Z _v‡Kb| ˆmb¨`j `vdivb DcZ¨Kvq †cuŠQv‡j ivmyj(mv.) †mLv‡b Ae¯’vb Kivi wm×vš— †bb| G
mgq Zv‡ì Kv‡Q Lei †cuŠ‡Q †h, g°vi KzivBkiv Zv‡ì evwYR¨ Kv‡djv‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨ Zv‡ì w`‡K †a‡q Avm‡Q|
gymwjg‡ì Kv‡Q G Lei †cuŠQvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Awfhv‡bi ¸i“Z¡ I D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú~b© wfbœ w`‡K †gvo †bq| KviY, ZLb
e¨vcviwU Avi Kv‡djv‡K avIqv Kiv bq, eis ‡cŠËwjK KzivBk‡ì mv‡_ gymwjgiv gy‡LvgywL msN‡l© wjß n‡e
wK n‡e bv †m e¨vcv‡i wm×vš— MÖn‡bi ch©v‡q P‡j hvq| Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) mvnvev‡ì mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡ib|
Avey eKi I Igi(iv.) hy‡×i c‡¶ Zv‡ì wm×vš— Rvwb‡q †`b| Avj-wgK`v` Beb ÕAvgi D‡V `vuwo‡q e‡jb,Ò‡n
Avjvni ivmyj! Avcwb †mLv‡b hvb †hLv‡b Avjvn Avcbv‡K Av‡`k K‡i‡Qb Ges G hvÎvq Avgiv Aek¨B Avcbvi
mv‡_ _vK‡ev| ebx BmivBj RvwZi g‡Zv Avgiv KL‡bvB ej‡ev bv †h, †n gymv, Zzwg Avi †Zvgvi Avjvn wM‡q
hy× K‡iv, Avi Avgiv N‡i e‡m _vK‡ev| eis, Avgiv ej‡ev, (†n bex) Zzwg Ges †Zvgvi Avjvn hy× K‡iv Ges Zvi
mv‡_ AvgivI hy× Ki‡ev|Ó Zvici gymwjgiv wbðzc n‡q hvq| G Ae¯’vq ivmyj(mv.) Avbmvi‡ì D‡Ïk¨ K‡i e‡jb,
ÒGevi ‡Zvgiv Avgv‡K wKQz e‡jv|Ó GK_vi gva¨‡g Avm‡j wZwb Avbmvi‡ì AvKvev DcZ¨Kvq KZ… Zv‡ì
kc‡_i K_v ¯§iY Kwi‡q w`‡qwQ‡jb|
e¯‘Zt Avbmviiv AvKvevi cÖvš‡i— ivmyj(mv.)‡K wbivcËv †èvi A½xKvi K‡iwQ‡jv †hfv‡e Zviv Zv‡ì bvix I
wkï‡ì wbivcËv w`‡q _v‡K| Avevi, A½xKv‡ii mv‡_ G kZ©wUI wQ‡jv †h, g`xbvi evB‡i msNwUZ †Kvb hy‡×i
Rb¨ Zviv `vqx n‡e bv| hLb Avbmviiv eyS‡Z cvi‡jv †h, ivmyj(mv.) Zv‡ì gyL †_‡K wKQz ïb‡Z Pv‡”Qb ZLb
mvÕ` Beb gyÕqvR Bmjv‡gi cZvKv `„p fv‡e AvuK‡o †NvlYv Ki‡jv †h, Ò†n Avjvni ivmyj! Avgvi g‡b n‡”Q
Avcwb Avgv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ K‡i wKQz ej‡Qb|Ó ivmyj(mv.) ej‡jb,Ònüv, Avwg †Zvgv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ K‡iB ejwQ|Ó DË‡i
mvÕ` ej‡jv,ÒAvgiv Avcbvi Dci Cgvb G‡bwQ, Avcbvi mZ¨Zvi †NvlYv w`‡qwQ Ges Avcwb Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q †h
mZ¨ G‡b‡Qb Zvi mZ¨Zvi mv¶x n‡qwQ| GQvov, Avgiv Avcbvi Kv‡Q G g‡g©I A½xKvi K‡iwQ †h, Avgiv
Avcbvi AvbyMZ¨ Ki‡ev| myZivs, Avcbvi †hLv‡b BPQv Avcwb †mLv‡bB hvb, Avgv‡ì Avcbvi mv‡_B cv‡eb|
whwb Avcbv‡K †cÖiY K‡i‡Qb †mB mË¡vi Kmg, hw` Avcwb Avgv‡ì mgy‡`ª Suvc w`‡Z e‡jb Z‡e, Avgiv
Avcbvi mv‡_ mgy‡`ªI Suvc wè| Avgv‡ì ga¨ n‡Z GKRbI G e¨vcv‡i †cQ‡b c‡o _vK‡e bv| AvMvgxKvjI hw`
Avcwb Avgv‡ì mn kÎ“c¶‡K ‡gvKvwejv Ki‡Z Pvb Z‡e Zv‡ZI Avgv‡ì †Kvb AvcwË †bB| Avgiv †hv×v RvwZ,
Avgiv Rvwb wKfv‡e hy× Ki‡Z nq| GgbI n‡Z cv‡i †h, AvjvnZvqvjv nq‡Zv Avgv‡ì gva¨‡g Avcbv‡K Ggb wKQz
`vb Ki‡eb hv‡Z Avcbvi Aši— cÖkvš— n‡e| myZivs, Avjvni ing‡Zi Dci fimv K‡i Avgv‡ì wb‡q GwM‡q hvb|Ó
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) mvÕ` Beb gyÕqv‡Ri K_vq AZ¨š— Avbw›`Z n‡jb Ges ej‡jb,Ò‡Zvgiv cwic~Y©
AvZ¥wek¦v‡mi mv‡_ GwM‡q hvI| AvjvnZvqvjv Avgvi Kv‡Q `ywU `‡ji g‡a¨ GKwU `‡ji Iqv`v K‡i‡Qb| Avjvni
Kmg, Avwg †hb Kvwdi‡ì ea¨f~wg †`L‡Z cvw”Q|Ó
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) e`‡ii cÖvš‡ii— KvQvKvwQ †cuŠQv‡bv ch©š— Zv‡ì hvÎv Ae¨vnZ ivL‡jb| hLb gymwjgiv
eyS‡jv †h, kÎ“c¶ KvQvKvwQ †Kv_vI Ae¯’vb Ki‡Q, ZLb KzivBk evwnbxi Lei msMÖ‡ni Avkvq nhiZ ÕAvjx,
Avj-Ryevwqi Beb ÕAvIIqvg Ges mvÕ` Beb

31
Avwe Iqv°vm mn wKQz mvnvex Le‡ii Avkvq e`‡ii Kz‡ci Kv‡Q †M‡jb| Zviv Kz‡ci KvQ †_‡K `yBRb Zi“Y
hyeK‡K cvKovI K‡i QvDbx‡Z †diZ Avm‡jb| e›`x‡ì cÖkœ K‡i Zviv Rvb‡jb †h, KzivBk‡ì †bZviv bqkZ wKsev
GKnvRvi ˆmb¨`‡ji GKwU evwnbx mn Zv‡ì evwYR¨ Kv‡djv‡K i¶vq †ei n‡q‡Q| ivmyj(mv.) Zr¶bvr eyS‡Z cvi‡jb
†h, Zv‡K Zvi †mbv`j A‡c¶v wZb¸b kwËkvjx GKwU `j‡K gyKvwejv Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Zv‡ì gy‡LvgywL n‡Z n‡e
GK fqvbK msN‡l©i| wZwb(mv.) mvnvex‡ì Rvbv‡jb †h, g°v Zvi KwjRvi
eo eo UzKiv¸‡jv‡K (A_©vr, mePvB‡Z †hvM¨ mšvb‡ì)— hy‡×i gq`v‡b Qzu‡o †d‡j‡Q| myZivs, Zviv (mvnvexiv)
†hb Zv‡ì †Póvi †Kvb KgwZ bv K‡i|
gymwjgiv kÎ“c¶‡K `„pfv‡e gyKvwejv Rb¨ cÖwZÁve× n‡jv| Zvici Zviv e`‡ii Kz‡ci Kv‡Q Ae¯’vb MÖnb K‡i
†mLv‡b GKwU cvwbi KwÎg… Rjvkq ˆZix Ki‡jv Ges hy‡×i †KŠkj wnmv‡e Ab¨ me Kzc ¸‡jv eÜ K‡i w`‡jv, hv‡Z
Zv‡ì cvb Kivi g‡Zv ch©vß cvwb _vK‡jI kÎ“c¶ cvb Kivi Rb¨ cvwb Lyu‡R bv cvq| †mB mv‡_, Zviv Avjvni
ivmyj(mv.) Gi wbivc` Ae¯’v‡bi Rb¨ GKwU QvDbx ˆZix Ki‡jv| Gici, KzivBk †hv×viv hy‡×i gq`v‡b Zv‡ì Ae¯’vb
wb‡q wb‡jv Ges †cŠËwjK AvmIqv` Beb ÕAve` Avj Avmv‡ì BÜ‡bB e`‡ii hy‡×i m~Pbv n‡jv| Avj-AvmIqv` Beb
ÕAve` Avj-Avmv` cÖ_‡g gymwjg‡ì ˆZix Rjvkq aŸsm Kivi Rb¨ GwM‡q G‡jv| nvghvn(iv.) Zvui Z‡jvqvi w`‡q
m‡Rv‡i AvNvZ K‡i AvmIqv‡ì cv `ywU Dwo‡q w`‡jb| cv nvwi‡q AvmIqv` gvwU‡Z acvm K‡i c‡o †M‡jv Avi
Zvi KwZ©Z cv †_‡K i‡³i eb¨v eB‡Z jvM‡jv| G Ae¯’vq nvghvn(iv.) AveviI Zv‡K Z‡jvqvi w`‡q AvNvZ Ki‡jb Ges
Rjvk‡qi Kv‡Q Zv‡K nZ¨v Ki‡jb| Gici, ÕDZevn Beb ivweÕqvn Zvi fvB kvqev Ges Zvi cyÎ Avj-Iqvwj`‡K m‡½
wb‡q mvg‡bi w`‡K AMÖmi n‡jv| gymwjg‡ì c¶ †_‡K nvghvn(iv.), ÕAvjx(iv.) Ges ÕDevB`vn Beb Avj-nvwiQ
Zv‡ì gyKvwejv Ki‡Z GwM‡q Avm‡jb| nvghvn(iv.) Lye mn‡RB Zvui cÖwZc¶ kvqev‡K civ¯— K‡i †dj‡jb, GKB
fv‡e Avjx(iv.)I Zvui cÖwZc¶ Avj-Iqvwj`‡K chy©`¯— Ki‡jb| Zvici, nvghvn I Avjx(iv.) DevB`vn(iv.) Gi mvnv‡h¨
GwM‡q Avm‡jb, whwb ZLb KzivBk †bZv IZevi wei“‡× me©kw³ w`‡q j‡o hvw”Q‡jb| IZev‡K LZg K‡i Zviv
Zv‡ì AvnZ mn‡hv×v ÕDevB`vn(iv.)‡K hy‡×i gq`vb †_‡K D×vi Ki‡jb|
Zvici, igRvb gv‡mi 17 ZvwiL ïµevi mKv‡j Dfq c¶ ci¯ú‡ii wbKUeZ©x n‡jv| Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) gymwjg‡ì KvZvi
†mvRv Ki‡jb Ges Zv‡ì hy× Ki‡Z DØy× Ki‡Z _vK‡jb| ivmyj(mv.) Gi K_vq DrmvwnZ I DØy× n‡q gymwjg
†hv×viv hy‡×i gq`v‡b GwM‡q †M‡jv| Gici ïi“ n‡jv fq¼i jovB| jovB‡qi ZxeªZv G‡Zv †ekx wQ‡jv †h, gymwjg‡ì
Z‡jvqv‡ii AvNv‡Z KzivBk‡ì gv_v Zv‡ì ‡`n †_‡K wQbœ-wew”Qbœ n‡q hvw”Qj| gymwjg‡ì AvZ¥wek¦vm µgkt
e„w× cvw”Qj Ges Zv‡ì Avnv`! Avnv`! (Avjvn GK) aŸwb‡Z e`‡ii AvKvk, evZvm I cÖvši— gyLwiZ nw”Qj|
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) hy×‡¶‡Îi gvSvgvwS GK Ae¯’v‡b `vuwo‡q GK gy‡Vv bywo cv_i wb‡q KzivBk‡ì w`‡K
wb‡¶c K‡i ej‡jb,Ò †Zvgv‡ì gyL aywjaymwiZ †nvK!Ó Zvici wZwb(mv.) mvnvev‡ì cÖej civµ‡gi mv‡_ kÎ“‡K
AvNvZ Kivi wb‡`©k w`‡jb †h ch©š— bv kÎ“iv m¤ú~b© fv‡e civ¯— nq| Ae‡k‡l, †cŠËwjKiv civwRZ n‡jv| Avi
weRq wba©vwiZ n‡jv gymwjg‡ì Rb¨| gymwjg‡ì nv‡Z eû msL¨K KzivBk ‡hv×v I KzivBk‡ì wewfbœ †Mv‡Îi
†bZv wbnZ n‡jv| e›`x n‡jv AviI A‡b‡K| evKx KzivBkiv hy× †¶Î †_‡K cvwj‡q evuP‡jv| Avi gymwjgiv weRqxi
†e‡k g`xbvq wd‡i Avm‡jv |
eby KzivBhv †MvÎ‡K kv‡q¯vt—
e`‡ii hy‡×i c~e© n‡ZB Bû`xiv gymwjg‡ì cÖwZ memgqB Zxeª wnsmv-we‡Øl †cvlb Ki‡Zv| e`‡ii cÖvš‡i—
gymwjg‡ì bvUKxq weR‡qi ci Zv‡ì we‡Ø‡li gvÎv Pig AvKvi aviY Ki‡jv| gymwjg‡ì mv‡_ KZ… Pzw³i †Kvb
†Zvqv°v bv K‡iB Zviv gymwjg‡ì Ac`¯— Kivi Rb¨ wbZ¨bZzb lohš¿ I nxb cwiKíbv Ki‡Z _vK‡jv| gymwjgiv Zv‡ì
wei“‡× G me lohš¿‡K `„pZvi mv‡_ cÖwZnZ K‡iwQ‡jv Ges AZ¨š— iƒp fvlvq Gi Reve w`‡qwQ‡jv| eby KzivBhvi
evRv‡i msNwUZ RNb¨ NUbvwUB cÖgvY K‡i †`q †h, g`xbvi Bû`xiv gymwjg‡ì D³Z¨ Kivi Rb¨ KZ nxb cš’v
Aej¤^b Ki‡Zv|
eby KzivBhvi evRv‡i GKevi GK gymwjg bvix †mvbvi ‡`vKv‡b Zvi Mqbv wb‡q e‡mwQ‡jv| G mgq †cQb †_‡K
GK Bû`x G‡m Zvi Kvc‡oi GK cÖvš— LyuwUi mv‡_ †eu‡a †`q| gymwjg bvixwU hLb D‡V `vuovq ZLb Zvi Kvco
kixi †_‡K Ly‡j hvq| gymwjg bvix‡K GiKg GKwU AcÖ¯Z— Ae¯’vq †d‡j D³ Bû`x mn Av‡kcv‡ki Bû`xiv
wbj©‡¾i g‡Zv nvwm‡Z †d‡U c‡o| G Ae¯’vq AcgvwbZ bvixwU mvnv‡hï Avkvq wPrKvi Ki‡Z _v‡K| Zvi Wv‡K
mvov w`‡q GK gymwjg †mB e`gvk Bû`x‡K nZ¨v K‡i †d‡j| G NUbvi cÖwZ‡kva wnmv‡e Bû`xiv GKwÎZ n‡q D³
gymwjg‡K nZ¨v K‡i| cieZ©x‡Z, knx` n‡q hvIqv †m gymwj‡gi cwievi g`xbvi gymwjg‡ì e¨vcviwU AewnZ K‡i
Zv‡ì kvw¯i— `vex K‡i| cwiYwZ‡Z gymwjg I Bû`x‡ì g‡a¨ hy× nq|
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Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) eûevi Zv‡ì G ai‡bi RNY¨ cÖ‡ivPbvg~jK KvR Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vKvi Av‡`k †`b| wKš‘, Zviv
†m Av‡`k-wb‡l‡ai †Kvb †Zvqv°v bv K‡i cÖKv‡k¨B Avjvni ivmy‡ji we‡ivwaZv I Zvui Av‡`k Agvb¨ Ki‡Z _v‡K|
G iKg cwiw¯’wZ‡Z, ivmyj(mv.) eby KzivBhv‡K kv‡q¯v— Kivi wm×vš— †bb Ges Pviw`K †_‡K Zv‡ì
Avevm¯’j wN‡i †d‡jb| gymwjg‡ì mv‡_ civgk© K‡i wZwb G †Mv‡Îi mKj‡K nZ¨v Kivi wm×vš— †bb| g~jZt
GUv wQ‡jv Zv‡ì gymwjg‡ì mv‡_ µgvMZ wek¦vmNvZKZv Kivi Dchy³ kvw¯|— G ch©v‡q ÕAvãyjvn Be‡b
DevB Beb mjyj, hvi Bû`x I gymwjg `yÕc‡¶i mv‡_B mym¤úK© wQ‡jv, evievi Bû`x‡ì cÖwZ `qv cÖ`k©b Kivi
Rb¨ ivmyj(mv.) Aby‡iva Ki‡Z _v‡K| wKš‘, gynv¤§`(mv.) Zvi G KvZi Av‡e`‡b †Kvb mvov bv w`‡q Zv‡K D‡c¶v
K‡ib|
wKš‘, Zv m‡Ë¡I, ÕAvãyjvn Beb DevB Beb mjyj Bû`x‡ì cÖvYi¶vi Rb¨ ¶gv wf¶vi Av‡e`b Ki‡ZB _v‡K| †kl ch©š,
— Zvi Av‡e`‡b mvov w`‡q ivmyj(mv.) eby KzivBhv‡K g`xbv Z¨vM K‡i P‡j hvevi wb‡`©k †`b| Gici, eby
KzivBhv †MvÎ g`xbv †_‡K weZvwoZ n‡q DË‡i AvìvÕZ Avj-kv‡gi w`‡K P‡j hvq|
we‡`ªvn `gbt
e`‡ii hy‡× gymwjg‡ì msL¨v wQ‡jv AwZ bMb¨ Ges hy× miÄv‡gi w`K †_‡KI Zviv wQ‡jv LyeB `~e©j| wKš‘,
ZviciI, Kvwdi‡ì mv‡_ gymwj‡gi G cÖ_g gyKvwejvq gymwjgiv ex‡ii g‡Zv weRq wQwb‡q G‡bwQ‡jv|
gymwjg‡ì G exiZ¡c~Y© weRq Kvwdi‡ì AvZ¥wek¦v‡mi fxZ G‡Zv mvsNvwZK fv‡e bvwo‡q w`‡qwQ‡jv †h,
Zviv †kv‡K-`yt‡L w`Kwew`K Ávbk~b¨ n‡q c‡owQ‡jv| GQvov, Kzdikw³i Dci gymwjg‡ì G weRq g`xbvi Af¨š‡i
— M„nhy× mn Bû`x‡ì bvbviKg Pµvš— I lohš¿‡KI A‡bKUv `wg‡q w`‡qwQ‡jv| G NUbvi cÖZ¨¶ dj ¯îƒc, wKQz
Bû`x †MvÎ gymwjg‡ì mv‡_ kvwšPzw³— Ki‡Z eva¨ nq, Avi wKQz †MvÎ g`xbv †_‡K weZvwoZ nq| g`xbv‡Z
gymwjg‡ì kw³mvg_©¨ µgkt evowQ‡jv, Avi KzivBkiv GK g~ûZ© mgq bó bv K‡i Acgv‡bi cÖwZ‡kva †bevi
cwiKíbv AvuUwQ‡jv| c‡ii eQi Iû‡ì hy‡× hLb gymwjg Zxi›`vRiv (hviv gyRvwn`‡ì †cQb †_‡K cvnviv †èvi
`vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jv) ivmyj(mv.) Gi wb‡`©k Agvb¨ K‡i MYxg‡Zi gvjvgvj msMÖ‡n e¨¯— n‡q †M‡jv,
wVK ZLbB KzivBk‡ì nv‡Z civR‡qi cÖwZ‡kva †bevi myeY© my‡hvM G‡m †M‡jv| hy‡× Rqx n‡q KzivBkiv
Avb‡›` Drdzj n‡jv| Avi, gymwjg †hv×viv fMœ ü`‡q civwRZ n‡q g`xbvq wd‡i Avm‡jv| hwÌ hy× †kl nevi ci
gymwjgiv KzivBk‡ì nvgivÕ Avj-Avmv` ch©š— avIqv K‡iwQ‡jv (GwU wQ‡jv g`xbv †_‡K cÖvq AvU gvBj
`~‡i)|
Iû‡ì cÖvš‡i— gymwjg‡ì GB civR‡q Avie f~-L‡Û bvbviKg cÖwZwµqvi m„wó nq| g`xbvi Af¨š‡i— wewfbœ `j
gymwjg‡ì kw³mvg_©¨ I kvmbKZ©Z¡‡K… Zz”QZvw”Qj¨ K‡i cÖKv‡k¨B we‡`ªvn †Nvlbv K‡i| g`xbvi evB‡ii
wKQz †MvÎ, hviv Iû‡ì hy‡×i c~‡e© †Kvbw`b gymwjg‡ì mv‡_ KZ… Pzw³i mxgv AwZµg Kivi K_v wPšvI—
K‡iwb, Zv‡ì gv‡SI we‡`ªv‡ni j¶Y cÖKvk †c‡Z _v‡K| Bû`x I g`xbvi gybvwdK‡ì g‡Zv g`xbvi evB‡ii AvieivI
gynv¤§`(mv.)‡K P¨v‡jÄ Kivi K_v fve‡Z _v‡K| G j‡¶¨ Zviv wewfbœ fv‡e gymwjg‡ì cÖ‡ivwPZ Ki‡Z _v‡K|
g`xbvi †fZ‡i-evB‡i kÎ“c‡¶i G me cwiKíbvi K_v Rvb‡Z †c‡i ivmyj(mv.) kÎ“c¶‡K gyKvwejv Kivi wel‡q AZ¨š—
wPwšZ— n‡q co‡jb| gymwj‡gi cÖfve-cÖwZcwË, gh©v`v I kw³mvg©_¨ cyYi“×viK‡í wZwb(mv.) gymwjg‡ì
cÖwZ Agymwjg‡ì †h †Kvb ai‡bi Zz”QZvw”Pj¨ I we‡`ªvn‡K K‡Vvi n‡¯— `g‡bi wm×vš— MÖnb K‡ib|
Iû` hy‡×i GKgvm ci Avjvni ivmy‡ji Kv‡Q G g‡g© msev` †cuŠ‡Q †h, eby Avmv` †MvÎ g`xbv AvµgY K‡i kn‡ii
Pvwicvk©¯’ PviYf~wgi cï¸‡jv jyU Kivi cwiKíbv K‡i‡Q| GgZve¯’vq, ivmyj(mv.) eby Avmv` †MvÎ‡K g`xbv
AvµgY Kivi †Kvb my‡hvM bv w`‡q
Zvi Av‡MB Zv‡ì Av¯vbvq— AvµgY Kivi wm×vš— wb‡jb| kÎ“c‡¶i Avµg‡Yi cwiKíbv‡K bm¨vr K‡i †`qvB
wQ‡jv G Avµg‡Yi D‡Ïk¨| wZwb(mv.) Avey mvjvgvn Beb ÕAve` Avj-Avmv‡ì †bZ‡Z¡… 150 Rb gymwj‡gi
GKwU `j‡K G Awfhv‡b †cÖiY K‡ib| G `‡j Avey ÕDevB`vn Beb hviivn, mvÕ` Beb Avwe Iqv°vm Ges DmvB`
Beb û`vBi mn A‡bK L¨vZbvgv †hv×v wQ‡jv| G Awfhvb‡K †Mvcb ivLv Ges kÎ“c¶‡K Pg‡K †èvi Rb¨ Avjvni
ivmyj(mv.) Zvui mvnvex‡ì w`‡b jywK‡q †_‡K iv‡Z hvÎv Kivi wb‡`©k †`b| †mBmv‡_, cÖPwjZ c‡_ hvÎv bv K‡i
wfbœ c_ a‡i Pjvi Av‡`k †`b| Avey mvjvgvn eby Avmv` †Mv‡Îi NvuwU‡Z †cuŠQv‡bvi c~e© ch©š— hvÎv Ki‡Z
_v‡Kb| j‡¶¨ †cuŠQv‡bvi ci wZwb †fvi‡ejvq `jej mn eby Avmv` †MvÎ‡K Pviw`K †_‡K wN‡i †d‡jb Ges Zvi
m½x‡ì wRnv‡ì wb‡`©k w`‡q kÎ“c‡¶i Dci AvµgY Pvjvb| gymwjg ˆmb¨`j Lye mn‡RB eby Avmv`‡K civwRZ K‡i
Ges hy×jä gvjvgvj mn ex‡ii †e‡k g`xbvq cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡i| Gfv‡e, gymwjg‡ì †kŠh©-exh© AveviI cÖwZwôZ nq
Ges G NUbvi gva¨‡g cÖKvivš‡i— gymwjgiv Agymwjg‡ì Bmjv‡gi kw³mvg‡_©ï K_v g‡b Kwi‡q †`q|
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Gici, ivmyj(mv.) Gi Kv‡Q msev` †cuŠ‡Q †h, Lvwj` Beb mywdqvb Avj-nb`vwj bv‡g GK †cŠËwjK ÕDibvn ev
bvLjvni Kv‡Q Ae¯’vb MÖnb K‡i‡Q Ges g`xbv Avµg‡Yi Rb¨ †jvKej msMÖn Ki‡Q| G msev` †kvbvi ci, Avjvni
ivmyj(mv.) ÕAvãyjvn Beb AvwbQ‡K Lvwj` Beb mywdqvb m¤ú‡K© †LuvRLei †bevi Rb¨ †cÖiY K‡ib|
ÕAvãyjvn hvÎv ïi“ Kivi wKQzw`‡bi g‡a¨B Lvwj‡ì †`Lv †c‡q hvb| Lvwj` Zv‡K wR‡Ám K‡i †h, †m †K? DË‡i
wZwb e‡jb,ÒAvwg Avãyjvn| Avwg GKRb Avie| Avwg ïb‡Z †c‡qwQ †h Zzwg gynv¤§‡ì mv‡_ hy× Kivi Rb¨
†jvK msMÖn Ki‡Qv| Avi G Kvi‡bB Avwg GLv‡b G‡mwQ|Ó Lvwj` Zvi cwiKíbvi K_v ¯^xKvi K‡i| Zvici, Zviv
`yÕRb
K_vevZ©v ej‡Z ej‡Z mvg‡bi w`‡K nvuU‡Z _v‡K| hLb Zviv `yÕRb †jvKP¶zi Ašiv‡j— P‡j Av‡m ZLb
ÕAvãyjvn Beb AvwbQ Z‡jvqvi w`‡q Lvwj`‡K Zxeª fv‡e AvNvZ K‡i Zv‡K nZ¨v K‡ib| Zvici, wZwb g`xbvq wd‡i
G‡m ivmyj(mv.)†K Zvi Awfhv‡bi K_v eY©bv K‡ib| Lvwj‡ì g„Zzï mv‡_ mv‡_ nv`v‡q‡ji eby wjnBqvb †MvÎ
g`xbv Avµg‡Yi cwiKíbv evwZj K‡i| Avi Gfv‡eB, ivmyj(mv.) AZ¨š— mdjZvi mv‡_ Lvwj‡ì Pµvš— bm¨vr K‡i
†`b Ges †mBmv‡_ g`xbvi wewfbœ cÖvš‡i— e¨v‡Oi QvZvi g‡Zv MwR‡q DVv we‡`ªv‡niI Aemvb nq|
wKš‘, G NUbvi c‡iI wKQz Avie †MvÎ gymwjg‡ì kvmb-KZ©Z¡‡K… Zz”Q-Zvw”Qj¨ K‡i Zv‡ì wei“‡× cÖKvk¨
we‡`ªv‡n wjß nq| nv`v‡q‡ji Av‡kcv‡ki GjvKvi †Kvb †MvÎ †_‡K GKevi GK`j †jvK g`xbvq Av‡m| Zviv
gynv¤§`(mv.) e‡j †h, Zviv Øxb Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© Rvbvi e¨vcv‡i LyeB AvMÖnx| myZivs, wZwb(mv.) †hb Zv‡ì‡K
KziAvb †kLvb Rb¨ wKQz mvnvev‡K Zv‡ì †Mv‡Î cvVvb| GK_v ï‡b ivmyj(mv.) e‡qv‡Rô¨ QqRb mvnvex‡K
Zv‡ì m‡½ cvwV‡q †`b| hvÎv ïi“ Kivi ci Zviv nv`v‡q‡ji Kzç‡jvi KvQvKvwQ Avj-ivwR bvgK GjvKvq †cuŠQv‡j
D³ †Mv‡Îi †jv‡Kiv mvnvex‡ì mv‡_ wek¦vmNvZKZv K‡i| Zviv nv`v‡q‡ji Awaevmx‡ì‡K mvnvex‡ì AvµgY
Kivi wb‡`©k †`q| Zvici †mLvbKvi Awaevmxiv mvnvex‡ì †NivI K‡i †d‡j Ges Zv‡ì Dci AZwK©Z AvµgY
Pvjvq| gymwjgivI Rxeb evuPv‡bvi Rb¨ hy× Ki‡Z _v‡K Ges Zv‡ì g‡a¨ wZbRb mvnvex †mLv‡bB kvnv`vZ eiY
K‡ib| evKx wZbRb‡K Zviv e›`x K‡i g°vi KzivBk‡ì Kv‡Q wewµi Rb¨ wb‡q hvq| g°v hvÎvKv‡j e›`x mvnvex‡ì
ga¨ n‡Z ÕAvãyjvn Beb ZvwiK Zvi Z‡jvqv‡ii bvMvj †c‡q hvq Ges wb‡R‡K gy³ Kivi Rb¨ Kvwdi‡ì AvµgY K‡i|
wKš‘, kxNÖB Kvwdiiv Zv‡K nZ¨v K‡i| Ab¨ `yÕRb e›`x‡K Zviv g°vi †cŠËwjK‡ì Kv‡Q wewµ K‡i †`q| G‡ì g‡a¨
hvwq` Beb Avj-`vQbvn‡K mvdIqvb Beb DgvBqvni Kv‡Q wewµ Kiv nq †hb †m Zvi wcZv DgvBqv Beb Lvj‡di
g„Zzï cÖwZ‡kva wb‡Z cv‡i| mvdIqvb mvnvex hvwq`‡K e‡j,ÒAvjvni Kmg, Zzwg wK PvI bv †h AvR †Zvgvi
cwie‡Z© hw` gynv¤§` Avgv‡ì nv‡Z e›`x _vK‡Zv, Avgiv Zvi gv_v †K‡U wbZvg Avi Zzwg †Zvgvi cwiev‡ii
mv‡_ _vK‡Z?Ó Gi DË‡i hvwq` e‡jb,ÒAvjvni Kmg, Avwg K¶‡bv fve‡Z cvwi bv †h gynv¤§` hw` AvR Avgvi
RvqMvq _vK‡Zv| Avwg N‡i wbivc‡` e‡m _vK‡ev Avi G Ae¯’vq Zvui Mv‡q GKUv KvuUvi AvNvZI jvM‡e GUv
Avwg mn¨ Ki‡ev bv|Ó GK_v ï‡b mvdIqvb Avðh© n‡q hvq| †m cÖvqB ej‡Zv, gynv¤§‡ì Qvov Avwg Avi †Kvb
gvbyl †`wLwb †h Zvi m½xmv_x‡ì G‡Zv fv‡jvevmv †c‡q‡Q| Gici, hvwq` Beb Avj-`vQbvn‡K KzivBkiv nZ¨v
K‡i|
wØZxq e›`x LyevBe‡K g°vq Avbvi ci Kvivi“× K‡i ivLv nq †h ch©š— bv KzivBkiv Zv‡K wbg©g fv‡e µzkwe×
K‡i nZ¨vi wm×vš— †bq| g„Zzï Av‡M LyevBe KzivBk‡ì KvQ †_‡K AbygwZ wb‡q `yÕivKvZ bvgvR Av`vq
K‡i| AZ¨š— PgrKvi fv‡e bvgvR Av`vq Kivi ci wZwb KzivBk‡ì D‡Ïk¨ K‡i e‡jb,Òhw` bv †Zvgiv fve‡Z Avwg
g„Zz¨ f‡q fxZ n‡q bvgvR `xN© KiwQ Z‡e Avwg Avgvi bvgvR‡K AviI `xN©vwqZ KiZvg|Ó Gici KzivBkiv Zv‡K
Kv‡Vi mv‡_ k³ K‡i evu‡a, G mgq LyevBe Zv‡ì w`‡K ZvwK‡q †µvavwš^Z fv‡e wPrKvi K‡i e‡j,Ò‡n Avjvn!
G‡ì cÖ‡Z¨K‡K Zzwg ¸‡b ¸‡b ¯§i‡Y †i‡Lv, Zv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨K‡K Zzwg Dchy³ kvw¯— wÌ, G‡ì g‡a¨ KvD‡K Zzwg
†Q‡o wÌ bv|Ó Dcw¯’Z KzivBkiv LyevB‡ei G Kvbœv RwoZ cÖv_©bvq fxZ n‡q c‡o, Zvici Zv‡K wbg©g fv‡e
nZ¨v K‡i| Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) I Zvui mvnvexMY QqRb mvnvexi G wbg©g g„Zz¨‡Z †kv‡K KvZi n‡q c‡ob| g~jZt
nv`v‡q‡ji Awaevmx‡ì RNb¨ c×wZ‡Z gymwjg‡ì wei“‡× we‡`ªvn †NvlYv I mvnvex‡ì cÖwZ fq¼i Am¤§vb
cÖ`k©b KivB wQ‡jv gymwjg‡ì Zxeª g‡bvK‡ói Avmj KviY|
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) GBme we‡`ªv‡ni NUbv wb‡q Mfxi fv‡e wPš—v Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| fve‡Z _v‡Kb we‡`ªvn `g‡bi
Dcvq| G mg‡q Avey evivÕ ÕAvwgi Beb gvwjK (ek©vi †L‡jvqvi) bv‡g GK e¨w³ g`xbvq AvMgb K‡i| ivmyj(mv.)
mZ¨Øxb‡K Zvi Kv‡Q e¨vL¨v K‡ib Ges Zv‡K Øxb Bmjv‡gi w`‡K Avnevb K‡ib| Avey evivÕ Bmjvg MÖnb bv
Ki‡jI Bmjvg MÖn‡bi Lye KvQvKvwQ ch©v‡q P‡j hvq| GQvov, Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ †Kvbiƒc we‡ØlI Zvi gv‡S
KL‡bv †`Lv hvqwb| †m gynv¤§`(mv.) Aby‡iva K‡i †h,ÒAvcwb hw` Avcbvi mvnvex‡ì ga¨
†_‡K GK`j gymwjg‡K bR`& GjvKvq Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ †`qvi Rb¨ cvVvb, Zvn‡j Avkv Kiv hvq, Zviv G Avnev‡b
mvov †`‡e|Ó wKš‘, m¤cÖwZ nv`v‡q‡ji Awaevmx‡ì nv‡Z Qq mvnvexi wbg©g fv‡e wbnZ nIqvi fq¼i ¯§„wZ
¯§iY K‡i ivmyj(mv.) Zvi cÖ¯ve— gvb‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡ib| Avey evivÕ ‡kl ch©š— wb‡R mvnvex‡ì wbivcËvi
`vwqZ¡ wb‡j ivmyj(mv.) Zvi cÖ¯ve— †g‡b ‡bb| Avey evivÕ ivmyj(mv.)†K e‡j,ÒAvcbvi c¶ †_‡K GK`j gvbyl‡K
Avcwb Avcbvi Øx‡bi w`‡K Avnevb Kivi Rb¨ cvwV‡q †`b, Zv‡ì wbivcËvi `vwqZ¡ Avgvi|Ó Avie f~-L‡Û Avey
evivÕi h‡_ó mybvg wQ‡jv Ges Zvi K_vi ¸i“Z¡I wQ‡jv h‡_ó| ZvB, Zvi KvQ †_‡K wek¦vmNvZKZvi Avk¼v Kiv
wKsev Zvi †`qv wbivcËvq Kv‡iv †Kvb ¶wZ nevi m¤vebv¢ wQ‡jv bv|
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Gme welq we‡ePbv K‡i ivmyj(mv.) Pwjk Rb cÖ_g †kªbxi gymwjg‡K Avj-gybwì Beb ÕAvgi Gi †bZ‡Z¡… bR`&
GjvKvq cvwV‡q †`b| `jwU c_ Pj‡Z Pj‡Z gvÕqybvi Kz‡ci Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡j gymwjg‡ì c¶ n‡Z GKRb ivmyj(mv.)
Gi wPwV mn ÕAvgi Beb ZzdvB‡ji m‡½ †`Lv Ki‡Z hvq| ÕAvgi Beb ZzdvBj `~Z‡K †`Lvi mv‡_ mv‡_ wPwV bv
c‡oB Zv‡K nZ¨v K‡i| Zvici †m eby ÕAvwgi †MvÎ‡K gymwjg‡ì wei“‡× hy× Kivi Rb¨ Avnevb K‡i| wKš‘, eby
ÕAvwgi †MvÎ gymwjg‡ì wei“‡× hy× Ki‡Z Am¤§wZ Rvwb‡q e‡j †h, Avey evivÕ gymwjg‡ì‡K wbivcËvi ‡h
cÖwZkÖ“wZ w`‡q‡Q Zviv Zv f½ Ki‡e bv| ZLb, ÕAvwgi †mLvbKvi Ab¨ †MvÎ¸‡jv‡K hy‡×i Rb¨ Avnevb Ki‡j
Zviv D‡Ui wc‡V P‡o Pviw`K †_‡K gymwjg‡ì wN‡i †d‡j| G Ae¯’vq gymwjgiv hvi hvi A¯¿ †ei K‡i Zv‡ì mg¯—
kw³ w`‡q Avg„Zz¨ Kvwdi‡ì wei“‡× hy× K‡i| G fq¼i NUbvi `yÕRb Qvov evKx mg¯— gymwjg knx` n‡q hvq| G
msev` g`xbvq †cuŠQv‡bvi ci Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) gvbwmK fv‡e mvsNvwZK fv‡e †f‡½ c‡ob Ges †mB mv‡_
†kv‡Ki mvM‡i wbgw¾Z nb Zvui mvnvexivI|
g`xbvi evB‡ii Avie †MvÎ¸‡jvi we‡`ªvn wKfv‡e `gb Kiv hvq Zv wb‡q ivmyj(mv.) Mfxi fv‡e wPšv—-fvebv Ki‡Z
_v‡Kb| fve‡Z _v‡Kb wKfv‡e e`‡ii hy‡× AwR©Z gymwjg‡ì cÖfve-cÖwZcwË I †kŠh©-exh© wdwi‡q wb‡q
Avmv hvq| GKmgq wZwb(mv.) Abyfe K‡ib †h, g`xbvi Af¨š‡iB— Avm‡j A‡bK mgm¨v i‡q †M‡Q| ZvB,
wZwb(mv.) cÖ_‡g Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Af¨šixb— mgm¨v mgvav‡bi w`‡K g‡bv‡hvMx nb| wZwb(mv.) wm×vš— ‡bb
†h, Af¨šixb— mgm¨v mgvavb Kivi ciB wZwb g`xbvi evB‡ii ‡MvÎ¸‡jvi we‡`ªvn `g‡b wPšv—-fvebv Ki‡eb|
Iû‡ì hy‡× gymwjg‡ì civR‡qi ci nv`v‡q‡ji Awaevmx KZ©K… Qq mvnvexi nZ¨vKvÛ Ges ex‡i gvqyÕbvi b„ksm
NUbvi ci g`xbvi gybvwdK I Bû`x ‡MvÎ¸‡jvi lohš¿ I wek¦vmNvZKZv bZzb K‡i gv_v Pvov w`‡q D‡V| Zviv
cyYivq gynv¤§`(mv.) Gi wei“‡× N„b¨ loh‡š¿ wjß nq Ges gymwjg‡ì KZ©Z¡‡K… Zz”Q-Zvw”Qj¨ Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡i|
Zviv my‡hvM LyuR‡Z _v‡K wKfv‡e gymwjg‡ì GKnvZ †`‡L †bqv hvq| Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) ax‡i ax‡i Zv‡ì
g‡bvfve eyS‡Z cv‡ib Ges lohš¿ m¤ú‡K©I AewnZ nb| Gici, ivmyj(mv.) mvnvex gynv¤§` Beb gvmjvgvn‡K
Bû`x‡ì Kv‡Q cvVvb| Beb gvmjvgvn Bû`x‡ì‡K ivmyj(mv.) Gi wb‡`©k Rvwb‡q w`‡q e‡jb,ÒAvjvni ivmyj
Avgv‡K †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q cvwV‡q‡Qb Ges †Zvgv‡ì g`xbv †Q‡o P‡j hvevi wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb| KviY, †Zvgiv Zvui
mv‡_ KZ… Pzw³i Iqv`v f½ K‡i‡Qv Ges evievi wek¦vmNvZKZv Kivi †Póv K‡i‡Qv| †Zvgv‡ì g`xbv Z¨v‡Mi Rb¨
`kw`b mgq †`qv n‡jv, Gici hw` †Zvgv‡ì ga¨ n‡Z KvD‡K g`xbvq †`Lv hvq Zvi M`©vb Dwo‡q †`qv n‡e|Ó
ÕAvãyjvn Beb DevB †Rvi K‡i AvU‡K bv ivL‡j eby bvwì †MvÎ G wb‡`©‡ki ciB g`xbv Z¨vM Ki‡Zv| GQvov,
Bû`x‡ì †bZv ûevB Beb AvLZveI Zv‡ì `~‡M© `„p fv‡e Ae¯’vb Kivi Rb¨ Zv‡ì civgk© w`‡Z _v‡K| `kw`b
AwZµg n‡q hvevi ciI hLb eby bvwì Zv‡ì `~M© Z¨vM Ki‡jv bv, ZLb Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) `jej mn Zv‡ì †NivI
K‡ib Ges ‡h ch©š— bv eby bvwì ivmyj(mv.) Gi Kv‡Q Zv‡ì cÖvY wf¶v Pvq †m ch©š— Zv‡ì mv‡_ hy× K‡ib|
g`xbv Z¨v‡Mi mgq Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) D‡Ui wc‡V K‡i h‡ZvUv gvjvgvj wb‡q hvIqv hvq Z‡ZvUv †bqvi AbygwZI
Zv‡ì †`b| †kl ch©š— Zviv Zv‡ì RwgRgv, †LRyi evMvb I A¯¿m¯¿ †cQ‡b †d‡j g`xbv Z¨vM K‡i| ivmyj(mv.)
Zv‡ì †d‡j hvIqv m¤ú` gynvwRi‡ì †fZ‡i fvM K‡i †`b| Avbmvi‡ì ga¨ n‡Z ïay Avey `yRvbvn Ges mvnj Beb
nvwbd bv‡g `yÕRb mvnvex‡K `wi`ªZvi Kvi‡Y eby bvw`‡ii m¤ú‡ì Ask †`qv n‡qwQ‡jv| eby bvwì †MvÎ‡K
g`xbv †_‡K weZvi‡bi gva¨‡g ivmyj(mv.) g`xbvi Af¨šixb— we‡`ªvn‡K mvd‡jï mv‡_ `gb K‡ib Ges gymwjg‡ì
nviv‡bv †MŠie cybi“×vi K‡ib|
Avjvni ivmyyj(mv.) Gevi Bmjv‡gi ciivóªbxwZi w`‡K bRi w`‡q KzivBk‡ì Kv‡Q cÖwZkÖ“Z eì hy‡×i Rb¨
cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡q mvg‡b GwM‡q †M‡jb| wKš‘, e`‡ii cÖvš‡i— wZwb(mv.) kÎ“c‡¶i †`Lv †c‡jb bv| GUv wQ‡jv Iû‡ì
hy‡×i GKeQi c‡ii NUbv| Iû‡ì hy‡× gymwjg‡ì `ytLRbK civR‡qi ci †cŠËwjK‡ì m`©vi Avey mywdqvb m`©‡c
†NvlYv w`‡qwQ‡jv †h,ÒGUv n‡jv e`‡ii civR‡qi cÖwZ‡kva, AvMvgxeQi eì cÖvš‡i— †Zvgv‡ì mv‡_ Avevi
mv¶vr n‡e|Ó ivmyj(mv.) Avey mywdqv‡bi G Dw³‡K h‡_ó ¸i“Z¡ w`‡qwQ‡jb| ZvB, wZwb (mv.) hy‡×i cÖ¯‘wZ
wb‡jb| cÖ¯‘wZ m¤úbœ n‡j wZwb(mv.) ÕAvãyjvn Beb ÕAvãyjvn Beb DevB Beb mjyj‡K (gybvwdK Avãyjvn
Be‡b DevB Gi cyÎ) g`xbvi `vwq‡Z¡ †i‡L e`‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv Ki‡jb| e`‡ii cÖvš‡i— †cuŠQv‡bvi ci Zviv KzivBk‡ì
mv‡_ gy‡LvgywL hy‡×i Rb¨ A‡c¶v Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| Iw`‡K, Avey mywdqv‡bi †bZ‡Z¡… KzivBkiv `yB nvRvi
†hv×v mn g°v Z¨vM Ki‡jI Lye kxNÖB Avevi Zviv wm×vš— cwieZ©b K‡i wd‡i hvq|
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) e`‡ii cÖvš‡i— KzivBk‡ì Rb¨ `xN© AvU w`b A‡c¶v Ki‡jb| wKš‘, KzivBkiv Avi wd‡i Avm‡jv
bv| †kl ch©š— Zvuiv Lei †c‡jb †h, KzivBkiv `jej mn g°vq wd‡i †M‡Q| G msev` cvevi ci wZwb(mv.) Zvui
mvnvex‡ì mn g°vq wd‡i Avm‡jb, mv‡_ K‡i Avb‡jb e`‡ii cÖvš‡i— eëmv †_‡K AwR©Z ch©vß gybvdv| G
hvÎvq gymwjgiv KzivBk‡ì mv‡_ †Kvb hy× bv K‡iB weRqxi †e‡k Drdzj wP‡Ë g`xbvq wd‡i G‡jv| Gi ciciB
ivmyj(mv.) Zvui `jej wb‡q bR` GjvKvi MvZvdvb †MvÎ‡K AvµgY K‡ib| Avµg‡Y nZwenej n‡q MvZvdvb †Mv‡Îi
†jv‡Kiv Zv‡ì mnvq-m¤ú` I bvix‡ì †i‡LB cvwj‡q hvq| Gme wKQz mn gymwjgiv g`xbvq
35
wd‡i Av‡m| Gici ivmyj(mv.) wmwiqv I †nRv‡Ri mxgvšeZ©x— GjvKvq `ygvZ Avj-Rv›`vj †MvÎ‡K AvµgY K‡ib|
GUv Avµg‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ wQ‡jv Ab¨vb¨ †MvÎ¸‡jv‡K mZ©K ms‡KZ †`qv hviv cÖvqB gymwjg‡ì Kv‡djvi Dci nvgjv
Ki‡Zv| wKš‘, Ry›`vj †MvÎ gymwjg‡ì mv‡_ †KvbiKg msN‡l© bv wM‡q ab-m¤ú` †cQ‡b †d‡j cvwj‡q hvq| Avi
gymwjgiv †m¸‡jv wb‡q g`xbvq †diZ Av‡m|
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Gi G mg¯— Avµg‡Yi wm×vš— I M„nxZ c`‡¶c g~jZt g`xbvq Bmjvgx iv‡óªi kvmb-
KZ©Z¡‡K… kw³kvjx Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡iwQ‡jv Ges mg¯— Avie I Bû`x †MvÎ¸‡jvi wbKU gymwjg‡ì cÖZvc-
cÖwZcwË e„w× K‡iwQ‡jv| Avi wbwðý K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jv Iû‡ì hy‡× gymwjg‡ì civR‡qi mKj ‡bwZevPK
cÖwZwµqv|
Avj-Avnhv‡ei hy×t
Iû` hy‡×i ci AZwK©Z AvµgY mn wewfbœ †Mv‡Îi wei‡× †h me kvw¯g~jK— c`‡¶c ivmyj(mv.) wb‡qwQ‡jb Zv
g`xbvi gymwjg‡ì Ae¯’vb‡K c~Yivq Dc‡i Zz‡j ai‡Z Ges Bmjvgx iv‡óªi kvmb-KZ©Z¡‡K… mymsnZ Ki‡Z
¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡iwQ‡jv |
Avjvni ivmy‡ji G mg¯— mywPwšZ— c`‡¶c g~jZt gymwjg‡ì cÖfve ejq‡K we¯Z…— K‡i Ges Avie f~-L‡Û
ivZvivwZ Zv‡ì ¶gZv I cÖwZcwË e„w× K‡i bZzb GK D”PZvq wb‡q hvq| Avi, mg¯— Avie f~-LÛ gymwjg‡ì
kw³mvg‡_©ï e¨vcv‡i AZ¨š— mZK© n‡q hvq| Gici †_‡K Avie †MvÎ¸‡jv Zv‡ì wei“‡× Avµg‡Yi MÜ cvIqv gvÎB
gymwjg‡ì mv‡_ hy× Kivi PvB‡Z cvwj‡q hvIqv‡KB †kªq g‡b Ki‡Zv| MvZdvb I `ygvb Avj-Ry›`vj †Mv‡Îi †¶‡ÎI
GKB NUbv N‡UwQ‡jv| Iw`‡K, KzivBkivI gymwjg‡ì kw³mvg‡_©ï mv‡_ cvjv w`‡q †c‡i DVwQ‡jv bv| GQvov,
Zviv wb‡Riv gymwjg‡ì gy‡LvgywL cÖwZØw›ØZv Kivi g‡bvejI nvwi‡q †d‡jwQ‡jv| Gi PgrKvi D`vniY n‡”Q
e`‡ii cÖvš‡i— wØZxq hy×| †h hy‡× KzivBkiv fxZ I AvZw¼Z n‡q wcQz n‡V hvq, GgbwK Avi wd‡i Avmvi
mvnmI K‡i bv| G mg¯— NUbv g`xbvi gymwjg‡ì RxebhvÎv‡K wKQzUv n‡jI w¯’wZkxj K‡i| kÎ“c‡¶i AZwK©Z
AvµgY †_‡K Zviv †gvUvgywU wbwðš— nq Ges ¯^w¯i— wbtk¦vm †d‡j g`xbvi mgvR MV‡b g‡bv‡hvMx nq|
GQvov, cwiewZ©Z G bZzb cwiw¯’wZ Zv‡ì Pjgvb RxebhvÎv‡KI cwieZ©b K‡i †`q| KviY, BwZg‡a¨ hy×jä
gvjvgvj wnmv‡e cÖvß eby bvwhi †Mv‡Îi RwgRgv, †LRyi evMvb, Nievox I AvmevecÎ ivmyj(mv.) gynvwRi‡ì
g‡a¨ e›Ub K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb| hv Zv‡ì RxebhvÎvq bZzb †mŠfv‡Mï m~Pbv K‡iwQ‡jv| wKš‘, Gme †KvbwKQzB
Zv‡ì‡K g~j j¶¨ †_‡K wePz¨Z Ki‡Z cv‡iwb, Avi Zv n‡jv Avjvni iv¯vq— wRnv`| KviY, Avjvn myenvbyIqvZvqvjv
wKqvgZ wèm ch©š— gymwjg‡ì Rb¨ wRnv` Kiv diR K‡i‡Qb| hvB †nvK, cwiewZ©Z GB bZzb cwiw¯’wZ
GKw`‡K gymwjg‡ì RxebhvÎvi gvb‡K †hgb DbœZ Ki‡jv, Ab¨w`‡K Zv‡ì Rxe‡b wd‡i Avm‡jv Kvw•LZ
w¯’wZkxjZv|
g`xbvq kvwšc~Y©— Ae¯’v weivR Ki‡jI Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) kÎ“c‡¶i lohš¿ I wek¦vmNvZKZvi e¨vcv‡i memgqB
mZ©K _vK‡Zb| mg¯— Avie f~-L‡Ûi †Kv_vq gymwjg‡ì wei“‡× wK lohš¿ n‡”Q wKsev Kviv wK ai‡Yi cwiKíbv
Ki‡Q G mg¯— e¨vcv‡i wZwb(mv.) memgqB ‡LuvRLei ivL‡Zb| Lei msMÖn Kivi Rb¨ wZwb mg¯— Avie DcØxc
mn Gi evB‡ii wewfbœ ¯’v‡b ¸ßPiI wbhy³ K‡iwQ‡jb| †h †Kvb ai‡bi AZwK©Z AvµgY I mwnslZv gyKvwejvq
wZwb(mv.) _vK‡Zb Am¤¢e iK‡gi DwØMœ| KviY, GKw`‡K gymwjg‡ì kw³mvg_©¨ †hgb e„w× cvw”Qj
†mBmv‡_ evowQ‡jv Zv‡ì kÎ“i msL¨v, which was reactionary to the building of an army and a State to be
reckoned with. This was particularly the case after Bû`x †MvÎ eby KvBbyKv I eby bvwhi‡K g`xbv
†_‡K weZvob Kiv Ges MvZdvb, nv`v‡qj I Ab¨vb¨ †MvÎ¸‡jvi wei“‡× K‡Vvi c`‡¶c †bevi ci|
G Ae¯’vi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z, ivmyj(mv.) kÎ“c‡¶i MwZwewa I cwiKíbv m¤ú‡K© ¸ßPie„wËi gva¨‡g Lei msMÖn
Kiv‡KB mePvB‡Z ¸i“Z¡c~Y© g‡b Ki‡jb| KzivBkiv hLb Ab¨vb¨ †MvÎ‡K m‡½ wb‡q g`xbv AvµgY Ki‡Z
AvmwQ‡jv ZLb wZwb G c×wZ‡ZB wec` m¤ú‡K© AewnZ n‡qwQ‡jb| Avi, bZzb wec` gyKvwejvi Rb¨
wb‡qwQ‡jb cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖ¯‘wZ|
Gw`‡K, g`xbv †_‡K ewn¯‹Z… nevi ci µz× eby bvwhi †MvÎ Acgv‡bi cÖwZ‡kva †bevi my‡hvM LyuR‡Z _v‡K| G
j‡¶¨ Zviv †Póv K‡i Avi‡ei wewfbœ ‡MvÎ‡K gynv¤§`(mv.) Gi wei“‡× †¶wc‡q Zzj‡Z| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ wKQz msL¨K
†jvK wg‡j gynv¤§`(mv.) Gi wei“‡× GKwU `jI ˆZix K‡i, hv‡ì g‡a¨ wQ‡jv ûqvB Beb AvLZve, mvjvg Beb Avwe
Avj-ûKvBK Ges wKbvbvn Beb Avwe Avj-ûKvBK| Avi, eby IqvwqÕj †MvÎ †_‡K wQ‡jv nvI`vn Beb Kv‡qm Ges
Avey ÕAv¤§vi| Zviv GKwÎZ n‡q g°vi KzivBk‡ì Kv‡Q hvq| KzivBkiv ûqvB‡K Zvi `jej m¤ú‡K© wR‡Ám Ki‡j
†m Rvbvq,ÒAvwg Zv‡ì LvBevi Avi g`xbvi gvSvgvwS GjvKvq †i‡L G‡mwQ Ges gynv¤§` I Zvui m½x‡ì
AvµgY Kivi Rb¨ †Zvgv‡ì mvnv‡hï A‡c¶vq AvwQ|Ó Gici KzivBkiv Zv‡K eby KzivBhv †MvÎ m¤ú‡K© wR‡Ám
Ki‡j †m Rvbvq †h,Òeby KzivBhv †MvÎ gynv¤§`(mv.)†K †evKv evbv‡bvi D‡Ï‡k¨ g`xbv‡ZB i‡q †M‡Q| hLb
AvµgY n‡e ZLb Zviv †Zvgv‡ì
36
g`xbvi †fZi †_‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|Ó G ch©v‡q KzivBkiv wØavMÖ¯’ n‡q fve‡Z _v‡K †h, Zviv g`xbv AvµgY Ki‡e
wK Ki‡e bv| Zviv wPšv— K‡i †`L‡jv †h, Avm‡j gynv¤§`(mv.) Avi Zv‡ì g‡a¨ mwZ¨Kv‡ii †Kvb we‡iva †bB|
we‡iv‡ai GKgvÎ KviY gynv¤§`(mv.) Gi `vIqvZx KvR| GKmgq Zviv GUvI fve‡jv †h, Avm‡j gynv¤§` hv e‡j
†mUvB wK mwVK? wØavØ‡›` †`v`yj¨gvb n‡q Zviv †kl ch©š— Bû`x‡ì wR‡Ám Ki‡jv,Ò‡n Bû`xiv! †Zvgiv †Zv
Avjvni KvQ †_‡K c~‡e©B wKZve †c‡q‡Qv| Avi, †Zvgiv Avgv‡ì Avi gynv¤§‡ì g‡a¨ gZ‡f‡ì e¨vcv‡iI Rv‡bv|
†Zvgiv ej †Zv Avgv‡ì Øxb mwVK bv gynv¤§‡ì?Ó DË‡i Bû`xiv ej‡jv,ÒAek¨B †Zvgv‡ì Øxb gynv¤§‡ì AvbxZ
Øx‡bi †_‡K A‡bK fv‡jv Ges G e¨vcv‡i †Zvgv‡ì `vexI mwVK!Ó
Bû`xivI GK Avjvni Aw¯‡Z¡— wek¦vm Ki‡Zv Ges Zviv Lye fv‡jv K‡iB Rvb‡Zv †h, gynv¤§`(mv.) Gi `vex
m¤ú~b© mwVK| wKš‘, Zvic‡iI Zviv ïay Zv‡ì fq¼i cÖwZ‡kva ¯ú„nv †_‡K gymwjg‡ì Dci Pzovš— GK AvNvZ
nvbvi Rb¨B Avie †MvÎ¸‡jv‡K gynv¤§`(mv.) Gi wei“‡× Dm‡K w`w”Qj| e¯‘Zt GK Avjvni Aw¯‡Z¡— wek¦vm Kivi
ciI g~wZ©c~Rv‡K mwVK e‡j †NvlYv †`qv †ZŠwnèv`x‡ì Rb¨ GK Pig AegvbbvKi KvR| wKš‘, Zv m‡Ë¡I nxb
¯^v_©wmw×i j‡¶¨ G ai‡bi N„Y¨ Kv‡Ri c~Yive„wË Ki‡ZI Bû`x‡ì †Kvb wØav †bB|
Bû`xiv hLb wbwðZ n‡q hvq †h, g`xbv AvµgY Kivi Rb¨ Avnevb Kiv gvÎB KzivBkiv wØavnxb wP‡Ë mvov ‡`‡e,
ZLb Zviv mg_©‡bi Avkvq Kv‡qm NvBjv‡bi NvZvdvb †MvÎ, eby gyi&ivn †_‡K Avi¤¢ K‡i eby dvhvivn, eby
AvmRvÕ, eby mvwjg, eby mvÕ`, eby Avmv` mn Avi‡ei h‡Zv †Mv‡Îi gynv¤§`(mv.) Gi cÖwZ we‡Ølg~jK
g‡bvfve wQ‡jv Zv‡ì mK‡ji Kv‡Q hvq| wKQzw`‡bi g‡a¨B KzivBk‡ì †bZ‡Z¡… Avi‡ei wewfbœ †MvÎ GKwÎZ
n‡q g`xbv D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv K‡i|
G hy‡× KzivBkiv GwM‡q hvq Avey mywdqv‡bi †bZ‡Z¡|… G mgq Zv‡ì m‡½ wQ‡jv 4000 †hv×v, 300
Ak¦v‡ivnx Ges AviI 1500 D‡Ui wc‡V Av‡ivnbKvix †hv×v| ÕDBqvBbv Beb wnmb Beb û`vqdvi †bZ‡Z¡… eby
dvhvivn& †Mv‡Îi c‡¶ wQ‡jv 1000 †hv×vi GK weivU evwnbx| AvmRvÕ †MvÎ wgkÕAvi Beb ivLvBjvn& Ges
gyiivn& †MvÎ Avj-nvwiQvn& Beb ÕAvDd Gi †bZ‡Z¡… 400 †hv×v wb‡q G hy× AskMÖnb K‡i| eby mvwjg Ges
exi gvÕqybvi †jv‡Kiv 700 †hv×v wb‡q G wekvj evwnbxi mv‡_ hy³ nq| Zviv mK‡j GKwÎZ nevi ci G‡ì mv‡_ eby
mvÕ` Ges eby Avmv` †MvÎ Zv‡ì `jej wb‡q hy³ n‡q G evwnbxi kw³ AviI e„w× K‡i| wekvj G ˆmb¨`‡ji †gvU
msL¨v †klch©š— wM‡q `vuovq 10 nvRv‡i| wgwjZ G ˆmbëvwnbx Avey mywdqv‡bi †bZ‡Z¡… g`xbv AvµgY
Ki‡Z GwM‡q hvq| gynv¤§`(mv.)Gi Kv‡Q G msev` †cuŠQv‡j wZwb(mv.) g`xbvi †fZ‡iB cwiLv Lb‡bi wm×vš—
†bb| g~jZt mvjgvb dvimx(iv.) civg‡k©B mvnvexiv g`xbvi Pvicv‡k cwiLv Lb‡bi KvR ïi“ K‡i Ges gymwjg‡ì
Drmvn †èvi Rb¨ G Kv‡R ivmyj(mv.) wb‡RI AskMÖnb K‡ib| ciKv‡j Rvbœv‡Zi Avkvq mvnvexiv cÖPÛ Drmvn I
DÏxcbv wb‡q KvR Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| Avjvni ivmyj(mv.)I G Kv‡R Zv‡ì me©vZ¥K kªg †èvi Rb¨ DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z
_v‡Kb| d‡j, gvÎ Qqw`‡bi g‡a¨B wekvj G cwiLv Lb‡bb KvR m¤úbœ nq| GQvov, cwiLvi m¤§yL fv‡M Aew¯’Z
evox¸‡jv‡K myiw¶Z Kiv nq Avi cwiLvi evB‡ii (A_©vr †h evox¸‡jv cwiLvi evB‡ii As‡k wQ‡jv) evox¸‡jv‡K
Rbk~Y¨ Kiv nq| bvix I wkï‡ì myiw¶Z Ni-evox¸‡jvi g‡a¨ ivLv nq| Gici, Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) 3000 ‡hv×v mn
kÎ“c¶‡K gyKvwejv Ki‡Z GwM‡q hvb| Zvui †cQb w`‡K wQ‡jv mvj DcZ¨Kv Ges m`¨mgvß cwiLvwU wQ‡jv
ivmyj(mv.) Ges Zvui kÎ“c‡¶i gvSvgvwS| GLv‡bB wZwb(mv.) `jej mn Ae¯’vb †bb Ges Zvui Rb¨ Uvbv‡bv nq
GKwU jvj i‡Oi Zvuey|
Iw`‡K KzivBk I Zv‡ì wgÎevwnbx wekvj `jej wb‡q Iû‡ì cÖvš‡i— ‡cuŠ‡Q hvq| Zviv †f‡ewQ‡jv nqZ GLv‡bB
Zv‡ì Kvw•LZ kÎ“c‡¶i mv‡_ mv¶vr n‡e| wKš‘, Zv‡ì A`„‡ó Zv nevi wQ‡jv bv| eva¨ n‡q Zviv `jej wb‡q AviI
mvg‡bi w`‡K GwM‡q hvq Ges g`xbvq bv †cuŠQv ch©š— Zv‡ì G hvÎv Ae¨vnZ _v‡K| g`xbvq †cuŠ‡Q Zviv
Zv‡ì mvg‡b weivU GK cwiLv †`‡L nZeyw× n‡q c‡o| KviY, G ai‡bi †Kvb AvZ¥i¶vg~jK hy×‡KŠk‡ji mv‡_ Zv‡ì
G‡Kev‡iB cwiPq wQ‡jv bv| G Ae¯’vq Zviv g`xbvq evB‡i cwiLvi Aci cv‡k Ae¯’vb wb‡Z eva¨ nq Ges fve‡Z _v‡K
Zv‡ì cieZ©x hy× †KŠkj| wKš‘, Avey mywdqvb I Zvi mv_xiv kxNÖB eyS‡Z cv‡i GLv‡b Zv‡ì A‡c¶vi mgq n‡e
`xN©| KviY, G wekvj cwiLv AwZµg Kiv Zv‡ì c‡¶ Avm‡j m¤¢e n‡e bv| GiKg GKUv AgxgvswmZ hy×ve¯’v
Zv‡ì Rb¨ n‡q hvq hš¿bv`vqK| ZLb wQ‡jv kxZKvj, û û VvÛv evZvm mevi Mv‡q †hb ûj †dvUvw”Qj| G iKg
Amnbxq Ae¯’vq µgkt mevB hy‡×i g‡bvej nvwi‡q †dj‡Z jvM‡jv Ges †fZ‡i †fZ‡i evox wd‡i hvevi Rb¨ e¨Kzj n‡q
co‡jv| cwiw¯’wZ ch©‡e¶b K‡i, ûqvB Beb AvLZve KzivBk I Zv‡ì wgÎ‡ì civgk© †`q †h, eby KzivBhv †MvÎ‡K
gymwjg‡ì mv‡_ KZ… kvwš— Pzw³ f½ K‡i Zv‡ì c‡¶ hy× Ki‡Z ejv DwPZ| KviY, hw` Zv nq Zvn‡j ewn©we‡k¦i
mv‡_ gymwjg‡ì mKj †hvMv‡hvM wew”Qbœ n‡q hv‡e Ges Zviv ZLb Aejxjvq g`xbv AvµgY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
cÖ¯vewU— KzivBk I NvZvdvb †Mv‡Îi LyeB cQ›` nIqvq Zviv ûqvB‡K G cÖ¯vewU— eby KzivBhvi †bZv KvÕe
Beb Avmv‡ì Kv‡Q Dc¯’vcb Kivi Rb¨ wbhy³ K‡i| ûqvB Gi AvMg‡bi msev` ï‡b KvÕe Zvi gy‡Li Dci ìRv eÜ K‡i
†`q| wKš‘, KvÕe ìRv †Lvjv bv ch©š— ûqvB Zvi cÖ‡Póv Pvwj‡q ‡h‡Z _v‡K| A‡bK †Póv-Pwi‡Îi ci †kl ch©š—
KvÕe Zvi N‡ii ìRv Ly‡j †`q| ìRv ‡Lvjvi ci KvÕe
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e‡j,Ò‡Zvgvi Dci †mŠfvM¨ ewl©Z †nvK KvÕe! Avwg †Zvgvi Rb¨ enb K‡i G‡bwQ Abš— †mŠfvM¨| Avi, Avgvi
mv‡_ i‡q‡Q GK wekvj evwnbx| Avgvi mv‡_ i‡q‡Q KzivBk m`©vi I Zv‡ì †bZ¯’vbxq… e¨w³iv| AviI i‡q‡Q
NvZvdv‡bi m`©vi I Zv‡ì †bZ¯’vbxq… gvby‡liv| Zviv Avgv‡ì mv‡_ G g‡g© cÖwZÁv K‡i‡Q †h, Zviv gynv¤§`
I Zvui m½x‡ì wbwðý K‡i GLvb †_‡K hv‡e bv|Ó KvÕe Beb Avmv` Zvi G cÖ¯v‡e— BZ¯Z— KiwQ‡jv| Zvi g‡b
cowQ‡jv gynv¤§`(mv.) Gi mZëvw`Zv I gnvbyfeZvi K_v| GKB mv‡_ †m G ai‡bi wek¦vmNvZKZvg~jK
Kg©Kv‡Ûi cieZ©x djvdj wb‡qI AvZw¼Z wQ‡jv| wKš‘, ûqvB AZ¨š— a~Z©Zvi mv‡_ Zvi †Póv Pvwj‡q †h‡Z
_vK‡jv| Zv‡K ¯§iY Kwi‡q w`‡jv gynv¤§`(mv.)Gi Bû`x‡ì mv‡_ KZ… eënvi Gi K_v| AveviI Zv‡K Rvbv‡jv kÎ“
gyKvwejvq wgÎevwnbxi kw³ m¤ú‡K©| †kl ch©š— ûqvB Gi B”QviB Rq n‡jv Ges KvÕe Zvi cÖ¯v‡e— m¤§wZ
w`‡jv|
Gici Kvwdi‡ì cwiKíbv Abyhvqx KvÕe gymwjg‡ì mv‡_ Zvi KZ… cÖwZkÖ“wZ f½ K‡i Ges Zvi I gynv¤§`(mv.)
Gi ga¨Kvi mKj m¤úK© wQbœ K‡i †`q| Gici †m ivmyj(mv.) Gi ARv‡šB— KzivBk I Zv‡ì wgÎevwnbxi mv‡_
‡hvM †`q| G msev` Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) I mvnvev‡ì Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡j Zviv AZ¨š— DwØMœ n‡q c‡ob| cwiw¯’wZ
AebwZ nIqvi Avk¼vq, ivmyj(mv.) ÕAvDm †Mv‡Îi †bZv mvÕ` Beb gyÕqvR, LvhivR †Mv‡Îi †bZv mvÕ` Beb
ÕDev`vn& Ges Zv‡ì mv‡_ ÕAvãyjvn Beb ivIqvnvn& I LvIIqvZ Beb Ryev‡qi‡K NUbvi mZ¨Zv m¤ú‡K©
AbymÜvb Kivi Rb¨ cvwV‡q †`b| NUbv mZ¨ n‡j wZwb(mv.) mvs‡KwZK wP‡ýi gva¨‡g Zvu‡K Rvbv‡bvi wb‡`©k
†`b, hv‡Z gymwjg‡ì g‡bve‡j †Kvb dvUj bv a‡i| Avi hw` Zv bv nq, A_©vr eby KzivBhv hw` Zv‡ì cÖwZkÖ“wZ
i¶v K‡i Zvn‡j Zv‡ì Zv D”P¯^‡i †NvlYv Ki‡Z e‡jb| G wb‡`©k cvevi ci Zviv wM‡q †`‡Lb, Zviv h‡ZvUv
ï‡bwQ‡jb cwiw¯’wZ Avm‡j Zvi PvB‡ZI fqven| Zviv eby KzivBhv‡K Zv‡ì cÖwZkÖ“wZ i¶v Kivi Aby‡iva K‡i|
wKš‘, eby KzivBhv Gi wewbg‡q Zv‡ì fvB eby bvwhi‡K g`xbvq cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi AbygwZ `vex K‡i| mvÕ` Beb
gyqvR whwb GKmgq eby KzivBhvi wgÎc¶ wQ‡jb, AvcÖvY †Póv K‡ib KvÕ†ei wm×vš— cwieZ©b Ki‡Z| wKš‘,
Zvi djvdj nq AviI Lvivc| G ch©v‡q KvÕe I Zvi mw½iv gynv¤§`(mv.)†K Zz”QZvw”Qj¨ K‡i bvbviKg K_v ej‡Z
_v‡K| Zviv e‡j,ÒAvjvni ivmyj Avevi †K? Avgv‡ì gynv¤§` bv‡g KviI mv‡_ KL‡bv †KvbiKg Pzw³ wQ‡jv bv|Ó
`~‡Ziv gynv¤§`(mv.) Gi Kv‡Q wM‡q cwiw¯’wZ e¨vL¨v K‡ib Ges mg¯— NUbv Zvu‡K AewnZ K‡ib| Gici
cwiw¯’wZ AZ¨š— ¸i“Zi AvKvi aviY K‡i, Avi Pviw`‡K weivR Ki‡Z _v‡K g~wZ©gvb AvZ¼|
Gi g‡a¨ kÎ“‡ì mw¤§wjZ evwnbx gy‡LvgywL hy‡×i Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z n‡q hvq| eby KzivBhv †MvÎ Zv‡ì wgÎc‡¶i Kv‡Q
hy‡×i cÖ¯‘wZi Rb¨ `kw`‡bi mgq †P‡q †bq| Avi, G mg‡qi g‡a¨ mw¤§wjZ ‰mbëvwnbx gymwjg‡ì wei“‡×
me©vZ¥K AvµgY Pvjv‡bvi cwiKíbv K‡i| gynv¤§`(mv.)‡K civ¯— Kivi Rb¨ Zviv Zv‡ì evwnbx‡K wZbfv‡M fvM
K‡i| wVK nq †h, Beb Avj ÕAvIqvi Avj-wmjgxi †bZZ¡vaxb… `j DcZ¨Kvi w`K n‡Z g`xbv‡K i“× Ki‡e| ÕDBqvBbv
Beb wnmb GwM‡q hv‡e GK cvk †_‡K| Avi Avey mywdqvb Zvi `jej wb‡q cwiLvi mvg‡bi w`K †_‡K AvµgY
Pvjv‡e| G Ae¯’vq k¦vmi“×Ki AvZ¼ gymwjg‡ì MÖvm K‡i, hv‡Z Zviv n‡q c‡o cÖPÛ cwigv‡Y fxZ | Avi,
Aciw`‡K cÖwZc‡¶i mw¤§wjZ evwnbx AvZ¥wek¦v‡m UM&eM& K‡i dzU‡Z _v‡K| gymwjg‡ì †Pv‡L cwi®‹vi
fv‡e `„k¨gvb nq Zv‡ì kw³mvg_©¨| kÎ“c¶ cwiLvi w`‡K G¸‡Z _v‡K| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †KD †KD cwiLv AwZµg Ki‡ZI
mg_© nq| G‡ì g‡a¨ wQj KzivBk †Mv‡Îi wKQz Ak¦v‡ivnx| ÕAvgi Beb Ave`y`, ÕBKivgvn& Beb Avwe Rvnj Ges
wìvi Beb Avj-LvËve cwiLvi AcÖk¯— GKwU As‡ki ga¨ w`‡q Icv‡i P‡j hvq| Zviv Zv‡ì †Nvov‡K Ggb fv‡e
cÖnvi K‡i †h, †Nvov Zv‡ì mn m‡Rv‡i jvd w`‡q cwiLv Avi mv‡ji gaëZ©x m¨vuZmü‡Z GjvKvq P‡j Av‡m|
kÎ“c¶ cwiLvi †h AcÖk¯— GjvKv w`‡q Gcv‡i Avmvi †Póv KiwQj ÕAvjx Beb Avey Zvwje K‡qKRb gymwjg mn
†m ¯’v‡b Ae¯’vb wb‡jb| ÕAvjx Beb Avey Zvwje I Zvui m½xiv hLb c_‡iva K‡i ùvov‡jv ZLb ÕAvgi Beb Ave`y`
Zvì‡K m¤§yL hy‡×i Rb¨ Avnevb Ki‡jv| ÕAvjx(iv.) Zvi P¨v‡jÄ MÖnb K‡i ej‡jb,ÒZywg Av‡M †Nvovi wcV
†_‡K †b‡g Av‡mv|Ó DË‡i ÕAvgi ej‡jv,Ò‡n Avgvi åvZz®úyÎ, Avwg †Zvgv‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z PvB bv|Ó ÕAvjx(iv.)
ej‡jb,ÒwKš‘, Avwg †Zvgv‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z PvB|Ó Gici Zv‡ì g‡a¨ hy× n‡jv Ges Avjx(iv.) Zv‡K nZ¨v K‡i †dj‡jb|
evKx Ak¦v‡ivnxiv G `„k¨ †`‡L S‡oi MwZ‡Z cwiLv cvi n‡q Icv‡i P‡j †Mj| wKš‘, G `~N©Ubv Kvwdi‡ì g‡bve‡j
G‡ZvUzKz dvUj aiv‡Z cvi‡jv bv eis, Zviv µz× n‡q AviI `„pZvi mv‡_ fq¼i Avµg‡Yi cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡jv| BwZg‡a¨
eby KzivBhvi D¤§Ë †hv×viv G‡K G‡K Zv‡ì `~M© †Q‡o †ei n‡q g`xbvq cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z ïi“ Ki‡jv| Av‡kcv‡ki
gymwjg emwZ¸‡jvi gv‡S AvZ¼ Qov‡bvB wQj Gi g~j D‡Ïk¨| G cwiw¯’wZ‡Z gymwjg emwZ¸‡jv‡Z weivR Ki‡Z
_vKj AvZ¼, wefxwlKv I Pig D‡ØM| wKš‘, G D‡ØM Avjvni ivmyj (mv.)†K G‡ZvUzKz ¯úk© Ki‡jv bv| eis,
wZwb(mv.) B¯úvZ KwVb g‡bvej wb‡q Avjvni mvnvh¨ I weR‡qi Rb¨ A‡c¶v Ki‡Z jvM‡jb|
¯^w¯`vqK— NUbv NU‡jv byÕqvg Beb gvmÕD` Gi gva¨‡g| wZwb BwZg‡a¨ Bmjvg MÖnb K‡iwQ‡jb wKš‘, Zvi
†Mv‡Îi †jv‡Kiv G msev` Rvb‡Zv bv| gymwjg‡ì G m¼Uc~Y© mg‡q wZwb Avjvni ivmy‡ji Kv‡Q Avm‡jb Ges
kÎ“‡ì H‡K¨ dvUj aiv‡bvi Rb¨ Zvu‡K GKUv Dcvq evZ‡j w`‡jb| c~e© cwiKíbv Abyhvqx wZwb eby KzivBhv
†Mv‡Îi wbKU †M‡jb| AÁZvi hy‡M eby KzivBhvi wQ‡jv Zvi Aši½— eÜz,
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Avi Zv‡ì g‡a¨ wQ‡jv PgrKvi †mŠnv`©¨c~Y© m¤úK©| G m¤ú‡K©i m~Î a‡i wZwb eby KzivBhv‡K eywS‡q
ej‡jb, hw` NvZvdvb Avi KzivBk †MvÎ Zv‡ì gynv¤§`(mv.)†K GKvKx gyKvwejvi Rb¨ †d‡j P‡j hvq Zvn‡j Zvi
cwiYwZ wK n‡Z cv‡i| wZwb G wel‡q †h hyw³ Zz‡j ai‡jb Zv n‡jv, KzivBk Avi NvZvdvb †MvÎ nq‡Zv GLv‡b
Lye †ekxw`b Ae¯’vb Ki‡e bv, KviY Zviv G GjvKvi evwm›`v bv| G Ae¯’vq hw` Zviv hy× †¶Î †Q‡o P‡j hvevi
wm×vš— †bq, Zvn‡j eby KzivBhv †Kvbfv‡eB gymwjg‡ì GKK fv‡e gyKvwejv Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|
me‡k‡l wZwb Zv‡ì civgk© w`‡jb †h, KzivBk I NvZvdvb †Mv‡Îi †bZ¯’vbxq… `yÕRb‡K Zv‡ì nv‡Z wRw¤§
wnmv‡e bv ivLv ch©š— †hb Zviv hy‡×i gq`v‡b bv hvq| KviY, wRw¤§‡ì Rb¨ Zviv GLv‡b Ae¯’vb Ki‡Z eva¨
n‡e| cwiw¯’wZ G iKg n‡jB GKgvÎ Zv‡ì gymwjg‡ì wbwðý Ki‡Z mw¤§wjZ evwnbxi mv‡_ cÖvYcY hy× Kiv
DwPZ| KzivBhv †f‡e †`L‡jv †h, GUv GKUv PgrKvi civgk©| Gici, byÕqvg KzivBk‡ì wM‡q ej‡jb eby KzivBhv
gynv¤§‡ì we‡ivwaZv Kivi wm×vš— cwieZ©b K‡i‡Q| ïay ZvB bq, Zv‡ì c~‡e©i wm×v‡ši— Rb¨ Zviv h‡_ó
jw¾Z I AbyZßI n‡q‡Q| Zviv Zv‡ì Kg©d‡ji cÖvqwðZ¨ Kivi j‡¶¨ KzivBk I NvZvdvb †Mv‡Îi †bZ¯’vbxq…
`yÕRb‡K gymwjg‡ì nv‡Z Zz‡j wm×vš— wb‡q‡Q, †hb Zviv Zv‡ì nZ¨v Ki‡Z cv‡i| myZivs, Zviv hw` †Zvgv‡ì
KvD‡K wRw¤§ wnmv‡e `vex K‡i Zvn‡j K¶‡bv Zv‡ì `vex †g‡b wbI bv| Avi, Lei`vi! Zv‡ì nv‡Z †Zvgv‡ì
KvD‡K Zz‡j wÌ bv| NvZvdvb †Mv‡Îi Kv‡Q wM‡qI wZwb Zv‡ì GKB K_v ej‡jb|
byÕqv‡gi G K_vq Bû`x‡ì e¨vcv‡i Avie‡ì m‡›`n Nbxf~Z n‡jv Ges Avey mywdqvb KvÕe Gi Kv‡Q msev` cvVvj
†h, Zviv `xN©w`b a‡i gynv¤§`‡K Ae‡iva K‡i Av‡Q, myZivs eby KzivBhv †hb AvMvgxKvjB hy‡×i Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z
n‡q hvq| Gi DË‡i KvÕe Rvbvj †h, AvMvgxKvj n‡”Q mveev_| Gw`b Zviv hy×I K‡i bv, †KvbI KvRI K‡i bv| G
ai‡bi DË‡i Avey mywdqvb LyeB ivMvwš^Z n‡q †Mj Ges Zvi Kv‡Q byÕqv‡g K_vB mZ¨ g‡b n‡jv| †m AveviI
Avi GK`j evZ©vevnK cvwV‡q Rvbv‡jv †h, AvMvgxKvjB gynv¤§`‡K AvµgY Kiv LyeB Ri“ix| Zviv †hb G
mveev_ cvjb bv K‡i Ab¨w`b Zv cvjb K‡i| evZ©vevnKiv KzivBhv‡K GUvI Rvbv‡jv †h, Zviv hw` AvMvgxKvj
hy× bv K‡i Zvn‡j Zv‡ì Avi mw¤§wjZ evwnbxi g‡a¨ KZ… mKj Pzw³ GLv‡bB †kl n‡q hv‡e Ges †kl ch©š— eby
KzivBhv‡K GKvKxB gynv¤§`(mv.) Gi gy‡LvgywL n‡Z n‡e| GK_v †kvbvi ciI KzivBhv hy× bv K‡i Zv‡ì mveev_
cvj‡bi wm×v‡šB— AUj _vK‡jv, Dciš‘, KzivBk‡ì Kv‡Q `yÕRb wRw¤§ `vex K‡i em‡jv| Zv‡ì G `vexi ci
byÕqv‡gi K_vi mZ¨Zv m¤ú‡K© Avey mywdqv‡bi Avi ‡Kvb m‡›`n iB‡jv bv| Gici †m bZzb ib‡KŠk‡ji K_v fve‡Z
jvM‡jv| Avi, NvZvdvb †Mv‡Îi mv‡_ kjv-civgk© K‡i gynv¤§`(mv.)†K AvµgY Kivi e¨vcv‡i wØZxq wPšv— Ki‡Z
_vKj|
‡m iv‡Z AvjvnZvqvjv Zv‡ì Rb¨ cvVv‡jb Zxeª kxZj S‡ov nvIqv, Avi †mB mv‡_ eRªcvZ I weRjxi PgK| Zxeª
AvPg&Kv S‡o kÎ“c‡¶i Zvueyy¸‡jv wQbœwfbœ n‡q †Mj| Gw`K Iw`K wQU&‡K †Mj Zv‡ì ivbœvi mg¯— miÄvg|
fqven AvZ¼ Zv‡ì MÖvm K‡i †dj‡jv| cÖwZg~û‡Z© Zviv fve‡Z jvM‡jv, bvRyK GB cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Kv‡R
jvwM‡q GLbB eywS gynv¤§` Avi Zvui m½xiv Zv‡ì Dci Svuwc‡q co‡e| wQbœwfbœ K‡i †dj‡e Zv‡ì| Gig‡a¨
Avevi, ZzjvBnv wPrKvi Ki‡Z jvM‡jv,Ògynv¤§` †Zvgv‡ì w`‡K †a‡q Avm‡Q, cÖvY evuPv‡bvi Rb¨ †Zvgiv
cvjvI|Ó GK_v ï‡b Avey mywdqvb ‡Nvlbv w`j,ÒKzivBkiv, †Zvgiv ¶vš— nI| Avwg Avi Gi g‡a¨ †bB|Ó Gici Zviv
†h hv cvi‡jv m‡½ wb‡q hy‡×i gq`vb †_‡K cvwj‡q evuPj| NvZvdvb mn evKx me †MvÎI GKB KvR Ki‡jv| mKvj
nIqvi ci †`Lv †Mj, kÎ“c¶ DavI n‡q †M‡Q|
kÎ“c‡¶i GB Ki“Y cwiYwZ †`Lvi ci Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) gymwjg‡ì mn cwiLv †Q‡o g`xbvq P‡j Avm‡jb| Avi
Gfv‡eB AvjvnZvqvjv fqven kÎ“ gyKvwejv Kiv †_‡K gymwjg‡ì gyw³ w`‡jb| Gici, ivmyj(mv.) eby KzivBhv
†MvÎ‡K kv‡q¯v— Kivi wm×vš— wb‡jb Ges Bû`x‡ì wek¦vmNvZKZv I lohš¿ †_‡K wPiZ‡i gyw³ cvevi e‡›`ve¯—
Ki‡jb| KviY, GivB n‡”Q ‡mB wek¦vmNvZ‡Ki `j hviv Pzw³ f½ K‡i kÎ“c‡¶i mv‡_ nvZ wgwj‡qwQj Avi gymwjg‡ì
wPiZ‡i aŸsm Kivi cwiKíbv K‡iwQj| wZwb(mv.) gyqvw¾b‡K †W‡K wb‡`©k w`‡jb †hb †m †Nvlbv †`q, †h
Avjvn I Zvui ivmy‡ji AbyMZ †m †hb eby KzivBhvi Avevm¯’‡j bv †cuŠQvb ch©š— AvQi bvgvR bv c‡o|
ivmyj(mv.) Zvui cZvKv nv‡Z Avjx(iv.)†K Av‡M cvwV‡q w`‡jb Ges Zvi wc‡Q wc‡Q gymwjg †mbv`j cÖPÛ
Drmvn I DÏxcbvi mv‡_ iIbv nj| gymwjgiv eby KzivBhv †MvÎ‡K cuwPk w`b †NivI K‡i †i‡LwQj| †kl ch©š,—
Bû`xiv gynv¤§`(mv.) mv‡_ Av‡cvl K‡i welqUv dqmvjv Kivi wm×vš— wbj| A‡bK evKweZÛvi ci mvÕ` Beb
gyÕqv‡Ri ga¨¯’Zv‡K Zviv †g‡b wbj Ges Zvi †`qv wm×vš— Zviv †g‡b †b‡e e‡j wVK Kij| mvÕ` Beb gyÕqvR ivq
w`‡jb †h,Ò‡Mv‡Îi cyi“l‡ì nZ¨v Kiv ‡nvK| Zv‡ì mg¯— m¤úwË gymwjg‡ì g‡a¨ fvM K‡i †`qv †nvK Avi bvix I
wkï‡ì `vm (mvevBqv) wnmv‡e MÖnb Kiv †nvK|Ó cieZ©x‡Z mvÕ†ì G ivq‡KB ev¯— evqb Kiv nq| Avi,
Gfv‡eB g`xbv †_‡K eby KzivBhvi Aw¯Z¡— wbwðý n‡q hvq Avi, g`xbvevmxI Zv‡ì wek¦vmNvZKZv I
lohš¿ ‡_‡K wPiZ‡i gyw³ cvq|
39
kÎ“c‡¶i mw¤§wjZ wekvj evwnbxi j¾vRbK G civRq cieZ©x‡Z gymwjg‡ì wei“‡× KzivBk‡ì eo ai‡bi †Kvb
AvµgYvZ¥K c`‡¶c †bqvi mKj m¤¢vebv‡K wbg©~j K‡i †`q| Avi, eby KzivBhvi Ki“Y cwiYwZ ‡`Lvi ci
ivmyj(mv.)Gi mv‡_ Pzw³ f½Kvix weZvwoZ evKx wZbwU Bû`x ‡MvÎI g`xbvi Av‡k-cv‡k _vKvi mvnm nvwi‡q
†d‡j| hvi d‡j, g`xbvq Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) I mvnvex‡ì GK”QÎ AvwacZ¨ Kv‡qg nq| Avi, Avi‡ei mg¯— †MvÎivI
gymwjg‡ì e¨vcv‡i wPiZ‡i mZ©K n‡q hvq|
û`vBweqvi mwÜt
Gfv‡e, Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) g`xbvq wnRi‡Zi ci G‡K G‡K QqwU eQi cvi n‡q hvq | BwZg‡a¨, ivmyj(mv.) g`xbvq
Bmjvgx mgv‡Ri mvwe©K mymsnZ Ae¯’v Ges kÎ“ gyKvwejvq Zvui ˆmbëvwnbxi kw³mvg_©¨ m¤ú‡K©
‡gvUvgywU wbwðZ n‡q hvb| Avi, Bmjvgx ivóªI mg¯— Avie f~-L‡Û Ab¨Zg kw³ wnmv‡e Av‡jvPbvi
†K›`ªwe›`y‡Z cwiYZ nq| wKš‘, Zv m‡Ë¡I, ivmyj(mv.) Zvui `vIqvZx Kvh©µg we¯v‡i— bZzb bZzb c`‡¶‡ci K_v
wPšv— Ki‡Z _v‡Kb, hv‡Z GKB mv‡_ Bmjv‡gi AvnevbI nq cÖwZwbqZ kw³kvjx, Avi kÎ“c¶ nq AviI `~e©j|
Gig‡a¨, ivmyj(mv.) Gi Kv‡Q msev` †cuŠ‡Q †h, Lvqevi I g°vi †jv‡Kiv GKwÎZ n‡q AveviI gymwjg‡ì AvµgY
Kivi dw›` AvuU‡Q| G Lei †kvbvi ci, g°vi †jvK‡ì wbe„Z Kivi Rb¨ wZwb(mv.) GKwU PgrKvi cwiKíbv K‡ib| G
cwiKíbvi D‡Ïk¨ wQj Lvqev‡ii Bû`x‡ì‡K Zv‡ì wgÎ KzivBk †MvÎ¸‡jv †_‡K wew”Qbœ Kiv Ges GKB mv‡_ Ggb
GK cwiw¯’wZi m„wó Kiv, hv‡Z mg¯— Avie f~-L‡Û ivmyj(mv.)Gi `vIqvZx Kvh©µ‡gi c_ gm„Y n‡q hvq| G j‡¶¨,
wZwb(mv.) Zvui mvnvex‡ì mn cweÎ KvevNi ZvIqvd Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ g°v hvevi cwiKíbv K‡ib| wZwb(mv.) Rvb‡Zb
†h, ‡h‡nZy Avie †MvÎ¸‡jv cweÎ gv‡m hy× K‡i bv, †m‡nZz Zvui Rb¨ G cwiKíbv ev¯— evqb Kiv mnR n‡e|
GQvov, wZwb(mv.) GUvI Rvb‡Zb †h, BwZg‡a¨ KzivBk‡ì H‡K¨ dvUj a‡i‡Q Ges gymwjg‡ì m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì g‡b
h‡_ó cwigvY fxwZI R‡b¥‡Q| myZivs G cwiw¯’wZ‡Z, gymwjg‡ì Z¡wor †e‡M AvµgY Kivi Av‡M Zviv Aek¨B
wØZxqevi wPšv— Ki‡e| G mg¯— wKQz wPšv—-fvebv K‡iB wZwb(mv.) n¾¡ Kivi wm×vš— ‡bb| KviY, hw`
KzivBkiv Zvu‡K Dgivn Ki‡Z evuav †`q, Zvn‡j wZwb(mv.) GUv‡K KzivBk‡ì wei“‡× kw³kvjx A¯¿ wnmv‡e
eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| Avi, Gi gva¨‡g Øxb Bmjv‡gi Avnevb‡KI Rbmvavi‡bi Kv‡Q A‡bK MÖnb‡hvM¨ Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
G mg¯— m¤¢vebv‡K gv_vq †i‡L, Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) hyj KvÕ`vi cweÎ gv‡m n¾¡ Kivi †Nvlbv †`b Ges Avi‡ei
Ab¨vb¨ ‡MvÎ¸‡jv‡KI Zvui mv‡_ kvwšc~Y©— G md‡i Ask wb‡Z Avnevb K‡ib| e¯‘Zt wZwb(mv.) †h Gevi ïay
n‡¾¡i D‡Ï‡k¨B g°v hv‡”Qb, AvµgY Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ bq, G evZ©v mK‡ji gv‡S Qwo‡q †èvi Rb¨B wZwb(mv.) Avie
‡MvÎ¸‡jv‡K Zvui mv‡_ G cweÎ Kv‡R kixK n‡Z Avnevb K‡ib| GgbwK, hviv Zvui Øx‡bi Aš©f~³— bq A_©vr
Agymwjg †MvÎ¸‡jv‡KI wZwb(mv.) Zvui m½x n‡Z Avnevb Rvbvb| hv‡Z mK‡jB cwi®‹vi fv‡e eyS‡Z cv‡i †h,
Zvui hy× Kivi †Kvb AwfcÖvq ‡bB|
G md‡i ivmyj(mv.) wb‡R Zvui gv`x DU KzmDqvÕi wc‡V P‡o †bZZ¡… †`b Ges 1400 mvnvex I 70 wU DU mn
g`xbv Z¨vM K‡ib| Avjvni cweÎ Ni Kvev md‡ii GB kvwš—c~Y© g‡bvfve mKj‡K eySv‡bvi D‡Ï‡k¨ wZwb(mv.)
Bnivg evuav Ae¯’vq hvÎv ïi“ K‡ib| g`xbv
†_‡K Qq ev mvZ gvBj `~i‡Z¡ hyj nvwjdvn& bvgK RvqMvq †cuŠQv‡j Ab¨vb¨ mvnvexivI Bnivg evu‡ab Ges
Bniv‡gi Kvco c‡ob| Zvici, Zviv Avevi g°vi D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv ïi“ K‡ib| KzivBkiv c~‡e©B ï‡bwQj †h, gynv¤§`(mv.)
n‡¾¡i D‡Ï‡k¨ g°v w`‡K Avm‡Qb|
wKš‘, Zviv GUv ‡f‡e fxZ nq †h, nq‡Zv g°vq cÖ‡e‡ki Rb¨ GUv gynv¤§`‡ì bZzb †Kvb Pvj| G m¤vebv‡K¢
G‡Kev‡i Dwo‡q w`‡Z bv †c‡i Zviv ‡kl ch©š— g°v cÖ‡ekKv‡j gynv¤§`(mv.)†K evuav †èvi wm×vš— †bq|
G Kv‡R KzivBkiv Lvwj` Beb Avj-Iqvwj` I ÕBKivgvn& Beb Avwe Rvnj Gi †bZ‡Z¡… `yBkZ `y`©vš—
Ak¦v‡ivnxi GKwU `j‡K wbhy³ K‡i| gykwiK‡ì G `jwU g`xbv †_‡K AvMZ n¾¡hvÎx‡ì evuav cÖ`v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ iIbv
n‡q hvq| wa Zznv bvgK ¯’v‡b †cuŠ‡Q Zviv hvÎv weiZx K‡i Ges n¾¡hvÎx‡ì AvMg‡bi Rb¨ A‡c¶v Ki‡Z _v‡K|
Gw`‡K, ivmyj(mv.) ÕDmdvb MÖv‡g cÖ‡ek Ki‡j KzivBk‡ì †cÖwiZ G evwnbx m¤ú‡K© Lei cvb| G MÖv‡gi
KvÕe bv‡gi GK e¨w³‡K ivmyj(mv.) KzivBk‡ì m¤ú‡K© wR‡Ám Ki‡j †m Rvbvq †h,ÒKzivBkiv Avcbvi
AvMg‡bi msev` †c‡q, ev‡Ni Pvgov cwiavb K‡i `y»eZx D‡Ui wc‡V Avcbv‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv K‡i‡Q| Zviv wa Zznvq
hvÎv weiZx K‡i Avcbv‡ì Rb¨ A‡c¶v Ki‡Q Ges cÖwZÁv K‡i‡Q †h, Zv‡ì mv‡_ gyKvwejvi AvMch©š— Zviv
Avcbv‡K †Kvbfv‡eB g°vq cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z †`‡e bv| Zv‡ì Ak¦v‡ivnx `‡ji mv‡_ i‡q‡Q Lvwj` Beb Avj-Iqvwj`, hv‡K
Zviv Av‡M †_‡KB KzivÕ Avj Nvwgg GjvKvq cvwV‡q w`‡q‡Q|Ó ÕDmdvb †_‡K KzivÕ Avj Nvwgg Gi Ae¯’vb
wQj AvU gvBj `~i‡Z¡|
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GK_v †kvbvi ci ivmyj(mv.) ej‡jb,ÒaŸsm †nvK KzivBkiv! hy× Zv‡ì‡K Avm‡j MÖvm K‡i‡Q| wK Zv‡ì Ggb
¶wZ nZ hw` Zviv Avgv‡ì I Ab¨ †MvÎ¸‡jv‡K Avgv‡ì nv‡j †Q‡o w`Z? Zv‡ì Aš‡ii— Awfjvl nj, hw` Zviv
Avgv‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z cviZ! hw` AvjvnZvqvjv Avgv‡K weRqx K‡ib Zvn‡j Zviv Bmjv‡g `‡j `‡j cÖ‡ek Ki‡e| hw`
Zviv Zv bv K‡i Z‡e kw³ AR©b Kivi ci Zviv Avgvi mv‡_ hy× Ki‡Zv| myZivs, Zviv Avm‡j Pvq wK? Avjvni Kmg,
AvjvnZvqvjv †h Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Avgv‡K wbhy³ K‡i‡Qb Zvi Rb¨ Avwg Zv‡ì mv‡_ hy× Ki‡ZI wcQ cv ne bv| nq
Avjvn Zvui Øxb‡K weRqx Ki‡eb A_ev Avwg aŸsm n‡q hve|Ó
Gici, Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Zvui c~e© cwiKíbvi DciB AUj _vK‡jb Ges Mfxi fv‡e eZ©gvb cwiw¯’wZ wb‡q wPšv—-
fvebv Ki‡Z jvM‡jb | KviY, Gev‡i Zvui †KŠkj wQj kvwšc~Y©— Ges hy‡×i †Kvb cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡qI wZwb(mv.)
Av‡mbwb| wKš‘, Zvui hy× Kivi B”Qv bv _vK‡jI KzivBk‡Ì D‡Ï‡k¨ hy× Kiv Ges G D‡Ï‡k¨B Zviv `jej
cvwV‡q‡Q| myZivs, wZwb(mv.) fve‡Z jvM‡jb, Zvui wK g`xbvq wd‡i hvIqv DwPZ, bvwK c~e©cwiKíbv evwZj
K‡i hy× Kiv DwPZ? wZwb(mv.) gymwjg‡ì Cgvb m¤ú‡K© cy‡ivcywi wbwðZ wQ‡jb| wZwb(mv.) GUvI Rvb‡Zb
‡h, hy× Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb c_ hw` Zvu‡ì Rb¨ †Lvjv bv _v‡K Zvn‡j gymwjgiv wb‡`©k cvIqv gvÎ hy‡×i gq`v‡b
Svuwc‡q co‡Z GZUzKz wcQ cv n‡e bv|
hvB †nvK, A‡bK wPšv— fvebvi ci ivmyj(mv.) wm×vš— wb‡jb †h, Zvui Avk¼v Abyhvqx hw` Zvu‡K n¾¡ Ki‡Z
evuav †ÌqvI nq ZeyI wZwb kvwšc~Y©— Dcv‡qB mg¯— e¨vcviwU dqmvjv Ki‡eb| G e¨vcv‡i wZwb(mv.)
KzivBk‡ì mv‡_ †KvbiKg msN‡l© hv‡eb ev weiƒc cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †Rvic~e©K n¾¡I Ki‡eb bv| KviY, Gevi
wZwb(mv.) KzivBk‡ì mv‡_ hy× Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ †eiI nbwb ev AvµgY Kivi K_v wPš—vI K‡ibwb| GQvov, Gevi
Zvui kvwšc~Y©— GB cwiKíbvi cÖKZ… D‡Ïk¨B wQj Bmjv‡gi Avnev‡bi gnvbyfeZv I ‡mŠ›`h©‡K KzivBk‡ì
Kv‡Q Zz‡j aiv Ges Bmjv‡gi c‡¶ g°vq RbgZ ˆZix Kiv| Avi, KzivBk‡ì wb‡e©va †Mvq©vZzwg, c_åóZv I fq¼i
AvµgYvZ¥K g‡bvfve
†_‡K Bmjvg †h K‡Zv Dc‡i †mUvI g°vi mgv‡Ri gvby‡li Kv‡Q Zz‡j aiv| KviY, Bmjvgx `vIqvZx Kvh©µg‡K
mwVK wfwËi Dci `vuo Kiv‡bvi †¶‡Î Rbg‡Zi ¸i“Z¡ Acwimxg| ïay ZvB bq, mgv‡R Bmjv‡gi c‡¶ RbgZ ˆZixi
gva¨‡gB Bmjvgx `vIqv‡Zi we¯wZ…— NU‡Z _v‡K, d‡j Bmjvg weRqx kw³ wnmv‡e Avwe©f~Z nq| wZwb(mv.)
†f‡e †`L‡jb †h, wZwb(mv.) hy× Kivi wm×vš— †bb, Zvn‡j g°vq Bmjv‡gi c‡¶ RbgZ ˆZixi cwiKíbvUv †f‡¯—
†h‡Z cv‡i| myZivs, wZwb(mv.) wm×vš— wb‡jb †h, †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB wZwb(mv.) †KvbiKg msN‡l© hv‡eb bv
Ges Zvui kvwšc~Y©— cwiKíbvB ev¯evqb— Ki‡eb|
G ch©v‡q, Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Mfxi fv‡e Zvui cieZ©x c`‡¶‡ci e¨vcv‡i wPšv—-fvebv Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| ivR‰bwZK
A½‡b ivmyj(mv.)Gi `¶Zv I weP¶bZv wQj AZzjbxq| G weP¶bZv I `~i`wk©Zv †_‡KB wZwb(mv.) Zvui kvwšc~Y©
— c~e©cwiKíbvq AUj _vK‡Z Pvw”Q‡jb| wZwb(mv.) †Kvbfv‡eB Pvw”Q‡jb bv Zvi cwiKíbv †f‡¯— hvK wKsev
RbgZ ˆZix Kivi PgrKvi G my‡hvM nvZQvov n‡q hvK| KviY, Zvu‡K hw` †Kvb Kvi‡Y hy× Ki‡Z nq, Zvn‡j Zvui
cwiKíbv ey‡givs n‡q Zvui Kv‡QB wd‡i Avm‡e| ZLb KzivBkiv G PgrKvi my‡hvM‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q Zvui
wei“‡× mg¯— Avi‡e fq¼i cÖPvibv Pvjv‡e| cwiYwZ‡Z RbgZ P‡j hv‡e Zvui wec‡¶| wZwb(mv.) gymwjg‡ì
WvK‡jb Ges ej‡jb,Ò‡KD wK Av‡Q †h Avgv‡ì Ggb GK iv¯v— w`‡q wb‡q †h‡Z cvi‡e †m iv¯vq— KzivBk
evwnbxi mv‡_ gyKvwejv n‡e bv?Ó gymwjg‡ì ga¨ n‡Z GKRb †¯^”Qv‡meK wnmv‡e GwM‡q Gj Ges Zv‡ì‡K
cvnv‡oi gaëZ©x m¼xb© cv_y‡i wMwic‡_i †fZi w`‡q wb‡q Pj‡jv †h ch©š— bv Zviv û`vBweqv bv‡g g°vi
wbgœeZ©x GK DcZ¨Kvq ‡cuŠQvj| GLv‡bB ivmyj(mv.) Zvui `jej mn Ae¯’vb wb‡jb| Lvwj` I ÕBKivgvn&i ˆmb¨`j
gynv¤§`(mv.) Gi `jej‡K û`vBweqv cÖvš‡i— †`‡L AvZw¼Z n‡q g°v i¶vq `ª“Z †mLv‡b wd‡i ‡Mj| gymwjg
evwnbxi GB `ytmvnmx c`‡¶c †`‡L †cŠËwjK‡ì ‡gi“`‡Û ‡hb AvZ‡¼i ‡mªvZ cÖevwnZ n‡q ‡Mj| Zviv wb‡Ri
†PvL‡KI wek¦vm Ki‡Z cviwQj bv, wKfv‡e gymwjgiv G‡Zv `¶Zv I PZziZvi mv‡_ Zv‡ì †PvL‡K duvwK w`‡q
Zv‡ì Aiw¶Z mxgv‡š— G‡m Dcw¯’Z nj| GB cwiw¯’wZ‡Z, KzivBkiv g°vi †fZi my`„p Ae¯’vb wbj Avi
ivmyj(mv.) Zvui evwnbx wb‡q Ae¯’vb wb‡jb û`vBweqvi cÖvš‡i|— `yBc¶ Gfv‡e gy‡LvgywL Ae¯’vq w`b cvi
Ki‡Z _vKj Ges cÖ‡Z¨‡KB fve‡Z jvM‡jv cÖwZc‡¶i wei“‡× cieZ©x c`‡¶‡ci K_v| gymwjg‡ì g‡a¨ †KD †KD fvej
†h, KzivBkiv Zv‡ì †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB n¾¡ cvjb Ki‡Z †`‡e bv| eis, Zv‡ì mv‡_ hy‡×i Rb¨B cÖ¯‘wZ †b‡e| Zviv †f‡e
†`Lj †h, G Ae¯’vq Zv‡ì Avm‡j KzivBk‡ì mv‡_ hy× e¨ZxZ †Kvb c_ †Lvjv †bB| ZvB, Zv‡ì DwPZ kÎ“c‡¶i
cÖwZ‡iva ¸uwo‡q ‡`qv, Zvici n¾¡ cvjb Kiv| Gi d‡j, KzivBk‡ì‡K Pig GKUv wk¶v †`qv hv‡e|
BwZg‡a¨, KzivBkivI gymwjg‡ì mv‡_ hy× Kivi ¯^‡cœ we‡fvi nj| GgbwK, hw` Zviv hy× Ki‡Z wM‡q aŸsm n‡q
hvq ZeyI| wKš‘, Lye kxNÖB Zv‡ì G me myL¯^cœ eyèy‡ì g‡Zv wgwj‡q †Mj| KviY, Zviv RvbZ gy‡LvgywL
nevi Rb¨ gymwjgiv n‡”Q mePvB‡Z fq¼i cÖwZc¶| ZvB, Zviv †kl ch©š— gymwjg‡ì c¶ †_‡KB cÖ_g c`‡¶‡ci Rb¨
A‡c¶v Kivi wm×vš— wbj|
cÖKZ… D‡Ïk¨ ev¯evq‡bi— j‡¶¨, Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Bnivg evuav Ae¯’vq c~e© cwiKíbvi DciB AUj _vK‡jb|
û`vBweqvi cÖvš‡i— wZwb(mv.) ïay `„pZvi mv‡_ Ae¯’vb MÖnb Ki‡jb| A‡c¶v Ki‡Z jvM‡jb KzivBk‡ì cieZ©x
c`‡¶‡ci Rb¨| wZwb(mv.) GUv Lye fvj

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K‡iB Rvb‡Zb †h, KzivBkiv Zvui f‡q AZ¨š— fxZ Ges Lye kxNÖB Zviv Zuvi mv‡_ n¾¡ cvjb wel‡q ‡`bìevi Kivi
Rb¨ cÖwZwbwa cvVv‡e| myZivs, wZwb(mv.) âh©¨ mnKv‡i KzivBk‡ì cÖwZwbwa `‡ji Rb¨ A‡c¶v Ki‡Z jvM‡jb|
Gici, KzivBkiv cÖ_‡g LyhvqvÕ †Mv‡Îi wKQz †jvK mn ey`vBj Beb IivKvÕ †K ivmyj(mv.)Gi Kv‡Q cvVvq|
cÖwZwbwa `j G‡m Rvb‡Z Pvq †h, ivmyj(mv.) Avm‡j wK Rb¨ g°vq AvMgb K‡i‡Qb| wKQz¶b K_vevZ©vi ciB
Zviv wbwðZ n‡q hvq †h. gymwjg‡ì g°v AvµgY Kivi Avm‡j †Kvb D‡Ïk¨ †bB| eis, Zviv cweÎ KvevN‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨
kª×v wb‡e`b Kivi Rb¨B g`xbv †_‡K hvÎv K‡i‡Q|
cÖwZwbwa `j KzivBk‡ì Kv‡Q wd‡i wM‡q NUbv eY©bv K‡i Ges cy‡iv e¨vcviwU Zv‡ì eySv‡bvi †Póv K‡i|
wKš‘, KzivBkiv Zv‡ì K_v Awek¦vm K‡i Ges e‡j †h, Zviv gynv¤§`(mv.) Gi K_vq cÖfvweZ n‡q †M‡Q| KzivBkiv
Gici Av‡iKwU cÖwZwbwa `j cvVvq, ZvivI Zv‡ì Kv‡Q G‡m GKB K_vB e‡j| Gici, KzivBkiv Avj-Avnevm
(Avwewmwbqvi Awaevmx) †Mv‡Îi cÖavb Avj-ûjvBm‡K ivmyj(mv.)Gi mv‡_ †`bìevi Kivi Rb¨ cvVvq| KzivBkiv
GKiKg wbwðZ wQj †h, Avj-ûjvB‡mi gynv¤§`(mv.)†K wbe„Z Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Avm‡j, ivmyj(mv.)Gi wei“‡×
ûjvBm‡K ‡¶wc‡q †ZvjvB wQj Zv‡ì ûjvBm‡K cvVv‡bvi cÖKZ… D‡Ïk¨| Zviv †f‡ewQj, ûjvBm hLb ivmyjyjvni
mv‡_ †Kvb gxgvsmvq †cuŠQv‡Z e¨ © n‡e, ZLb gynv¤§`(mv.) Gi cÖwZ Zvi N„Yv AviI †e‡o hv‡e| d‡j, †m
gynv¤§`(mv.)Gi AvµgY †_‡K g°v i¶v Kivi e¨vcv‡i Zvi g‡bvfve AviI `„p n‡e| hv †nvK, gynv¤§`(mv.) hLb
ûjvB‡mi Avmvi K_v ïb‡jb wZwb(mv.) Zv‡ì Kzievbxi cï¸‡jv‡K gy³ K‡i w`‡Z ej‡jb †hb †m eyS‡Z cv‡i gymwjgiv
n‡¾¡i Rb¨B G‡m‡Q, hy‡×i Rb¨ bq|
Avj-ûjvBm DcZ¨Kvi cvk †_‡K AvMZ Kzievbxi cï¸‡jv‡K Zvi cvk w`‡q †Nviv‡div Ki‡Z †`Lj| ‡m AviI ‡`Lj Dgivn
Kivi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z gymwjg‡ì| †m †`Lj gymwjg‡ì Zvuey¸‡jv n‡¾¡i g‡Zv cweÎ Bev`‡Zi Av‡g‡R cwic~Y© n‡q
Av‡Q| Zv‡ì‡K †`‡L g‡bI n‡”Q bv †h, Zviv hy× Ki‡Z G‡m‡Q| G me wKQz †`‡L ‡m G‡Zv Awff~Z nj †h, †m
wbwðZ n‡q †Mj †h, gymwjgiv hy× Ki‡Z bq eis n¾¡ cvj‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨B G‡m‡Q| GgbwK †m gynv¤§`(mv.)Gi mv‡_
mv¶vr bv K‡iB KzivBk‡ì Kv‡Q wd‡i †Mj Ges Zv‡ì‡K mewKQz we¯vwiZ— eY©bv Kij| ïay ZvB bq, wd‡i
G‡m †m KzivBk‡ì agK w`‡q ejj, †hb Zviv gynv¤§`(mv.) Ges KvÕevi gv‡S evuav n‡q bv ùvovq| Avi, gymwjg‡ì
wbwe‡Nœ n¾¡ cvjb Ki‡Z †`qv nq| Gi e¨wZµg n‡j, †m Zvui ˆmb¨`j cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i ‡b‡e| KzivBkiv Zv‡ì D`¨Z
¯î‡K bgbxq K‡i ûjvBm‡K kvš— Kij| Zviv ûjvB‡mi Kv‡Q AviI fvj †Kvb cÖ¯v‡ei— Rb¨ wKQzUv mgq †P‡q
wbj| ûjvBm G‡Z m¤§wZ w`‡j Zviv ÕDiIqv Beb gvmÕD` Avj-QvKvwd‡K cieZ©x cÖwZwbwa wnmv‡e cvVvj
Ges Zviv QvKvwd‡K G e¨vcv‡i wbwðZ Kij †h, Zviv ‡`qv wm×vš‡KB— †g‡b ‡b‡e| ÕDiIqv Beb gvmÕD`
ivmyj(mv.)Gi Kv‡Q wM‡q Zv‡K n¾¡ bv K‡i g`xbvi †diZ hvevi Aby‡iva Kij| wKš‘, Zvi †m †Póv e¨_©Zvq
ch©ewmZ nj|
GKB mv‡_, GUvI ¯^xKvi Kij †h, gynv¤§`(mv.)Gi Ae¯’vbB mwVK| Zvici †m KzivBk‡ì Kv‡Q wd‡i wM‡q ej‡jv,
Ò‡n KzivBkiv! Avwg Lmi“i ìev‡i wM‡qwQ, Kvqmv‡ii ìev‡iI wM‡qwQ, wM‡qwQ bv¾vkxi ìev‡iI| wKš‘,
c„w_exi †Kv_vI Avwg Ggb †Kvb ev`kvn& †`wLwb whwb gynv¤§‡ì PvB‡Z †ekx Zvui m½x‡ì fv‡jvevmv
†c‡q‡Qb| hLb wZwb IRy K‡ib ZLb Zvui mvnvevivI mv‡_ mv‡_ Zv Kivi Rb¨ †`Š‡o hvq| hw` Zvui GKUv PzjI c‡o
hvq Z‡e Zviv Zv Kzovevi Rb¨ e¨vKzj n‡q Qz‡U hvq| Avgvi aviYv, Zviv †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB gynv¤§`‡K cwiZ¨vM
Ki‡e bv| myZivs, †Zvgiv wK Ki‡e Zv †Zvgiv wb‡RivB wVK Ki|Ó
wKš‘, DiIqv Beb gvmÕD‡ì G wØavnxb e³e¨ ïay gynv¤§`(mv.) Gi cÖwZ KzivBk‡ì we‡Øl, N„Yv Avi
cÖwZwnsmvB e„w× Kij| Zv‡ì AÜ †Muvq©vZzwg I wg_¨v An¼vi cieZ©x ga¨¯’Zvi mKj c_‡K i“× K‡i w`j| Zv‡ì
ga¨Kvi Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi Avi †Kvb g~j¨B _vKj bv| Gici, ivmyj(mv.) Zvui c¶ †_‡K cÖwZwbwa `j cvVv‡bvi
wm×vš— wb‡jb| wZwb(mv.) fve‡jb, nqZ KzivBk cÖwZwbwaiv Zvui mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Kivi e¨vcv‡i AvZ¼ †eva
Ki‡Q| ZvB wZwb(mv.) Zuvi c¶ †_‡K cÖwZwbwa cvVv‡jb Ges Avkv Ki‡jb nqZ †m KzivBk‡ì mv‡_ ga¨¯’Zv
Ki‡Z mg © n‡e| wKš‘, KzivBkiv ivmyj(mv.)Gi cÖwZwbwa‡K enbKvix D‡Ui cv‡qi iM †K‡U †djj Ges `~Z‡K
nZ¨v Ki‡Z D`¨Z nj| †mŠfvMëkZt Avj-Avnev‡mi †mbv`j Zv‡K i¶v Ki‡Z GwM‡q Avmj| gymwjg‡ì cÖwZ
KzivBk‡ì we‡Øl w`b w`b e„w× cvw”Qj Ges Zviv GK ch©v‡q gymwjg‡ì Zvuey‡Z cv_i wb‡¶c Kivi Rb¨ Zv‡ì
eLv‡U †Q‡j‡ì †jwj‡q ‡`q| KzivBk‡ì G nxb AvPi‡b gymwjgiv AZ¨š— µz× n‡q hy‡×i Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z nq| wKš‘,
ivmyj(mv.) Zv‡ì‡K kvš— K‡ib| ciw`b, KzivBkiv gymwjg‡ì QvDbx †NivI K‡i Zv‡ì cÖnvi Kivi Rb¨ 50 R‡bi
GKwU `j cvVvq| wKš‘, gymwjgiv Zv‡ì e›`x K‡i ivmyj(mv.)Gi Kv‡Q wb‡q hvq| ivmyj(mv.) Zv‡ì ¶gv K‡i †`b
Ges Zv‡ì †Q‡o †èvi wb‡`©k †`b|
gynv¤§`(mv.) G gnvbyfe AvPib g°vevmx‡ì cÖPÛ fv‡e bvov †`q Ges Gici Zv‡ì gynv¤§`(mv.) Gi `vexi e¨vcv‡i
Avi †KvbB m‡›`n _v‡K bv| Zviv G e¨vcv‡i wbwðZ n‡q hvq †h, gynv¤§`(mv.) Avm‡j cÖ_g †_‡K mZ¨ K_vB e‡j
Avm‡Qb| G NUbv Zv‡ì cwi®‹vi fv‡e eywS‡q w`j †h, gynv¤§`(mv.) Avm‡j n‡¾¡i D‡Ï‡k¨B G‡m‡Qb, hy× Kivi
D‡Ï‡k¨ bq| G c`‡¶‡ci gva¨‡g,
42
gynv¤§`(mv.) g~jZt g°vi Rbmvavi‡bi RbgZ Zvui wb‡Ri c‡¶ Avb‡Z mg © n‡qwQ‡jb| Gid‡j, cwiw¯’wZ Ggb
ùvov‡jv †h, wZwb(mv.) hw` Zvui `jej wb‡q g°vq cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z Pvb Avi KzivBkiv hw` Zv‡ì g°v cÖ‡ek Kv‡j
euvav w`‡Z Pvq, Z‡e g°vi RbMY I Ab¨vb¨ Avie †MvÎ¸‡jvB gynv¤§`(mv.) Gi mvnv‡h¨ GwM‡q Avm‡e Ges
gymwjg‡ì mg_©b Ki‡e| myZivs, G ch©v‡q KzivBkiv Zv‡ì D‡Ïk¨g~jK cÖ‡ivPbv †_‡K wb‡R‡ì weiZ Kij Ges
Lye ¸i“‡Z¡i mv‡_ kvwšc~Y©— mgvav‡bi w`‡K g‡bv‡hvM w`j| ivmyj(mv.) Gici Av‡iKRb `~Z‡K Zvui c¶ †_‡K
KzivBk‡ì wbKU cvVv‡bvi wm×vš— wb‡jb Ges wZwb(mv.) Igi Beb LvËve‡K g°vi hvevi wb‡`©k w`‡jb| wKš‘,
Igi(iv.) Zvu‡K ej‡jb,Ò‡n Avjvni ivmyj! Avwg KzivBk‡ì Kv‡Q Avgvi Rxebbv‡ki Avk¼v KiwQ| KviY, GLb
Avgv‡K wbivcËv †èvi Rb¨ eby ÕAvw` Beb KvÕe Avi g°vq †bB| Avi Avcwb KzivBk‡ì mv‡_ Avgvi kÎ“Zv Ges
Zv‡ì cÖwZ Avgvi iƒp eënvi m¤ú‡K©I Rv‡bb| Avwg G‡¶‡Î, Avgvi cwie‡Z© ÕDmgvb Beb Avddv‡bi bvg
cÖ¯ve— Ki‡Z PvB, hv‡K cvVv‡bv Avgvi †_‡KI †ekx djcÖmy n‡e|Ó
Igi(iv.) G cÖ¯v‡e— m¤§Z n‡q ivmyj(mv.) ÕDmgvb Beb Avddvb‡K KzivBk †bZv Avey mywdqv‡bi Kv‡Q
cvwV‡q †`b| ÕDmgvb(iv.) g°vq wM‡q Avjvni ivmy‡ji evZ©v KzivBk‡ì Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q ‡`b | Zviv Zvu‡K
KvevNi ZvIqvd Kivi cÖ¯ve— w`‡q e‡j,ÒZzwg hw` KvevNi cÖ`w¶b Ki‡Z PvI Z‡e Zv Ki‡Z cvi|Ó DË‡i
ÕDmgvb(iv.) e‡jb,ÒAvwg ZZ¶b ch©š— Zv Kie bv hZ¶b ch©š— bv Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Zv K‡ib|Ó ÕDmgvb Gici
KzivBk‡ì mv‡_ kvwšPzw³i— wel‡q Av‡jvPbv ïi“ K‡ib, wKš‘, cÖ_g ch©v‡q KzivBkiv Zv cy‡ivcywi cÖZ¨vLvb
K‡i| kvwš‘Pzw³i wel‡q GB Av‡jvPbvi †¶Î wQj e¨vcK Ges †m mg‡q Zv wQj AZ¨š— KwVb| hvB †nvK, †kl ch©š
— KzivBkiv kvwš— Pzw³‡K cy‡ivcywi cÖZ¨vLv‡bi Ae¯’vb †_‡K ax‡i ax‡i m‡i Avm‡Z _v‡K Ges Ggb GK
Ae¯’v‡b G‡m ùvovq hv‡Z Dfqc‡¶i Kv‡QB Zv MÖnb‡hvM¨ nq| GKmgq Zviv ÕDmgvb(iv.)Gi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv
Ki‡ZI ¯^v”Q›`¨ †eva Ki‡Z _v‡K Ges Zvui mv‡_ GK‡Î e‡mB A‡bK evKweZÛvi ci Ae‡k‡l RwUj G mgm¨v †_‡K
cwiÎv‡bi Dcvq Lyu‡R †ei K‡i| hvi djkÖ“wZ‡Z, gynv¤§`(mv.)Gi mv‡_ Zv‡ì hy×ve¯’vi cwimgvwß N‡U|
Gw`‡K ÕDmgvb(iv.) hLb g°vq Zvui Ae¯’vb‡K `xN©vwqZ K‡ib Ges g°vi iv¯vNv‡Ui— †Kv_vIB Zv‡K †`Lv
hvqbv, ZLb gymwjg wkwe‡i i‡U hvq †h, KzivBkiv Zvu‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| G msev` †kvbvi ci, gymwjgiv AZ¨š—
µz× n‡q hvq Ges KzivBk‡ì mv‡_ hy× Kivi Rb¨ Z‡jvqvi wb‡q cÖ¯‘Z n‡q hvq| G ch©v‡q, ivmyj(mv.) Avevi bZzb
K‡i Zvui cwiKíbv m¤ú‡K© wPšv—-fvebv K‡ib| AvcvZ`„wó‡Z Zvui Kv‡Q g‡b nq, `~Z wnmv‡e g°vq Mg‡bi ciI
cweÎ gv‡m ÕDmgvb‡K nZ¨v K‡i KzivBkiv Zvui mv‡_ Pig wek¦vmNvZKZv K‡i‡Q| G Kvi‡Y, wZwb(mv.)
‡Nvlbv †`b,ÒkÎ“c‡¶i mv‡_ hy× bv Kiv ch©š— Avgiv G ¯’vb Z¨vM Kie bv|Ó wZwb(mv.) mvnvex‡ì mKj‡K
wb‡q GKwU Mv‡Qi bx‡P ùvovb Ges G ¯’v‡bB Zv‡ì mK‡ji KvQ †_‡K evBÕqvZ MÖnb K‡ib| Avg„Zz¨ jovi
kc_ K‡i Zviv ivmyj(mv.) Gi wbKU evBÕqvZ K‡ib| evBÕqvZ MÖnb m¤úbœ n‡j, ivmyj(mv.) Zvui GK nvZ w`‡q
Av‡iK nvZ k³ K‡i a‡i ÕDmgvb(iv.)Gi c‡¶ Ggb fv‡e evBÕqvZ K‡ib †h, g‡b nq †hb ÕDmgvb(iv.) Zvu‡ì mv‡_B
Av‡Qb| G evBÕqvZ cieZ©x‡Z evBÕqvZ Avj-wiÌqvb bv‡g cwiwPZ nq| Gm¤ú‡K© AvjvnZvqvjv cweÎ ‡KviAv‡b
e‡jb,
ÒwbðqB, Avjvn Cgvb`vi‡ì Dci mš‘ó wQ‡jb hLb Zviv Mv‡Qi bx‡P †Zvgvi wbKU evBÕqvZ K‡iwQj| wZwb Rvb‡Zb
Zv‡ì ü`‡q wK Av‡Q Ges wZwb Zv‡ì Rb¨ (Zv‡ì Aš‡i)— mvKxbvn (&cÖkvwš— I ¯^w¯)— `vb Ki‡jb| Ges weRq‡K
wbKUeZ©x K‡i wZwb Zv‡ì cyi¯‹Z… Ki‡jb|Ó [myiv dvZn&t 18]
hLb evBÕqvZ MÖnb m¤úbœ nj Ges gymwjgiv hy‡×i Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z n‡q †Mj, G mg‡q gymwjg wkwe‡i Lei †cuŠQvj
†h, ÕDmgvi(iv.)†K nZ¨v Kiv nqwb| Gi ciciB ÕDmgvb(iv.) QvDbx‡Z wd‡i Av‡mb Ges KzivBk‡ì cÖ¯ve—
m¤ú‡K© ivmyj(mv.)†K AewnZ K‡ib| Gici, AveviI gynv¤§`(mv.) Ges KzivBk‡ì g‡a¨ kvwšc~Y©— Av‡jvPbv ïi“
nq| Gici, KzivBkiv mynvBj Beb ÕAvgi‡K `yB wkwe‡ii g‡a¨ hy×weiZx Pzw³ ¯^v¶i Kivi Rb¨ ivmyj(mv.)Gi wbKU
`~Z wnmv‡e †cÖiY K‡i| KzivBk‡ì `~Z †mBmv‡_ gymwjg‡ì n¾¡ Ges Dgivn& cvjb wel‡qI we¯vwiZ—
Av‡jvPbv K‡i| Av‡jvwPZ wØZxq welqwU‡Z Zv‡ì kZ© wQj †h, gymwjg‡ì Gevi n¾¡ bv K‡iB wd‡i †h‡Z n‡e|
wKš‘, cieZ©x eQ‡i Zv‡ì n‡¾¡i AbygwZ †`qv n‡e|
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Zv‡ì G mg¯— Pzw³ †g‡b wb‡qB Zv‡ì mv‡_ kvwšPzw³— ¯^v¶i K‡ib| KviY, wZwb(mv.)
eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb †h, wZwb(mv.) †h D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv K‡iwQ‡jb BwZg‡a¨ Zv AwR©Z n‡q †M‡Q| myZivs,
wZwb(mv.) Gevi cweÎ Ni ZvIqvd K‡ib ev bv K‡ib Zv‡Z Avi wKQzB Av‡m hvq bv| cÖKZc‡¶,… Bmjv‡gi
`vIqvZx Kvh©µ‡gi c_‡K gm„Y I evuavgy&³ Ki‡Z Ges Bmjv‡gi mygnvb evYx Avi‡ei cÖwZwU cÖv‡š— Qwo‡q
w`‡Z wZwb(mv.) †P‡qwQ‡jb Lvqev‡ii wek¦vmNvZK Bû`x †MvÎ¸‡jv‡K cy‡ivcywi KzivBk‡ì †_‡K wew”Qbœ
Ki‡Z| KviY, Bû`x Avi KzivBk‡ì GB ˆgÎxB cÖKZ… A‡ © Zvui `vIqvZx Kvh©µg we¯v‡ii— c‡_ weivU evuav
m„wó K‡iwQj Avi Bmjvg cÖPvi-cÖmv‡ii c_‡K K‡iwQj i“×| G j‡¶¨B wZwb(mv.) KzivBk‡ì mv‡_ GKwU
hy×weiZx Pzw³ ¯^v¶i Ki‡Z D`MÖxe wQ‡jb †hb,
43
KzivBk‡ì c¶ †_‡K †Kvb ai‡bi Avµg‡Yi Avk¼v bv _v‡K| Avi, n¾¡ wKsev Dgivn& cvjb Kiv Avm‡j †Zgb
¸i“Z¡c~Y© wQj bv, KviY, ‡mUv wZwb(mv.) cieZ©x eQiB Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb|
hy×weiZx Pzw³ Ges Gi kZ©vejxi e¨vcv‡i Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) mynvBj Beb ÕAvg‡ii mv‡_ `xN© mgq hveZ
my¶vwZmy¶ welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| Avm‡j, GB Av‡jvPbv wQj LyeB e¨vcK Ges GKUv mg‡SvZvi RvqMvq
G‡m `yBc‡¶i g‡a¨ ga¨¯’Zv Kivi welqwU wQj LyeB KwVb KvR| G‡KK mgq g‡b nw”Qj Av‡jvPbv djcÖmy n‡e
bv Ges cy‡iv e¨vcviwUB †f‡¯— hv‡e| Avjvni ivmy‡ji cÖPÛ cwigvb ivR‰bwZK `~i`wk©Zv I cÖÁv bv _vK‡j
nq‡Zv cy‡iv e¨vcviwU †f‡¯I— †hZ| gymwjgiv Lye KvQ †_‡KB cy‡iv e¨vcviwU ch©‡e¶b K‡i Ges ZvivI fv‡e †h,
ivmyj(mv.) Dgivn& Kivi wel‡qB †`bìevi Ki‡Qb| wKš‘, ivmyj(mv.) Gi cÖKZ… D‡Ïk¨ wQj KzivBk‡ì mv‡_
hy×weiZx Pzw³ m¤úv`b Kiv| †h Rb¨, Pzw³i kZ©vejx wb‡q gymwjgivI wei³ n‡jI Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Zvui AZzjbxq
ivR‰bwZK cÖÁv
†_‡K GUv‡KB Avjvni ingZ g‡b K‡ib| d‡j, wZwb(mv.) Pzw³i cÖwZwU kZ© I ¯^í‡gqv`x my‡hvMmyweavi w`‡K
j¶¨ bv K‡i, mynvB‡ji B”Qv AbyhvqxB Av‡jvPbv Pvwj‡q hvb Ges †kl ch©š,— wKQz wbw`©ó kZ©vejxi
wfwË‡Z Dfq c‡¶i m¤§wZµ‡g gymwjg I KzivBk‡ì g‡a¨ hy×weiZx Pzw³ ¯^v¶wiZ nq|
Pzw³i kZ©vejx gymwjg‡ì AZ¨š— µz× I ivMvwš^Z K‡i| Zviv AcgvbRbK G Pzw³ cÖZ¨vLvb K‡i KzivBk‡ì mv‡_
hy× Kiv‡KB †kªq g‡b K‡i Ges G Rb¨ ivmyj(mv.)†K evievi Aby‡ivaI K‡i| Pzw³i kZ© †`‡L ÕIgi(iv.) jvwd‡q D‡V
hvq Ges Avey eKi(iv.)i Kv‡Q wM‡q e‡jb, Ò‡Kb Avgiv Ggb me kZ© †g‡b wbw”Q hv Avgv‡ì Øxb‡K †nq
cÖwZcbœ Ki‡Q?Ó ÕIgi(iv.) Zvui m‡½ ivmyj(mv.)Gi Kv‡Q wM‡q G Pzw³ evwZ‡ji `vex‡Z Av‡e`b Kivi Rb¨
Avey eKi(iv.)†K †Rvi Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| Avey eKi(iv.) Zvu‡K G ai‡Yi cÖ‡Póv †_‡K weiZ ivLvi wbõj †Póv K‡i e¨ ©
nb| ‡kl ch©š— Igi(iv.) GKvB ivmyj(mv.) Gi Kv‡Q hvb Ges Pzw³i e¨vcv‡i Zvui †µva I D®§v cÖKvk K‡ib| wKš‘,
G me †Kvb wKQzB ivmyj(mv.)Gi wm×vš‡K— cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| eis, wZwb(mv.) B¯úvZ KwVb msKí I
cÖPÛ gvbwmK `„pZvi mv‡_ Zvui c~e© wm×v‡š— AUj _v‡Kb| wZwb(mv.) Igi(iv.)†K ¯§iY Kwi‡q w`‡q
e‡jb,ÒAvwg Avjvni ivmyj I Zvui AbyMZ `vm| Avwg Aek¨B Zvui Av‡`k j•Nb K‡i †Kvb KvR Kie bv Ges Aek¨B
wZwb Avgv‡K AcgvwbZ I ¶wZMÖ¯’ Ki‡eb bv|Ó
Pzw³cÎ ‰Zix Kivi Rb¨ ivmyj(mv.) ÕAvjx Beb Avey Zvwje‡K wbhy³ K‡ib Ges Zvu‡K wjLvi wb‡`©k w`‡q
e‡jb,ÒwjL, ïi“ KiwQ Avjvni bv‡g, whwb cig Ki“Yvgq I cig `qvjy|Ó G mgq mynvBj evuav w`‡q e‡j,Ò_v‡gv!
Avwg Ócig Ki“Yvgq I cig `qvjyÓ GK_v gvb‡Z w`‡Z ivRx bB| eis, Zzwg wjL,Ó†Zvgvi bv‡g, †n cÖfyÓ|
ivmyj(mv.) ÕAvjx(iv.)†K ZvB wjLvi wb‡`©k w`‡jb| Zvici wZwb(mv.) ej‡jb,ÒwjL,ÕGUv n‡”Q ‡mB Pzw³ hv
¯^v¶wiZ n‡q‡Q Avjvni ivmyj gynv¤§` I mynvBj Beb ÕAvg‡ii g‡a¨Ó| G ch©v‡q mynvBj AveviI evuav w`‡q
ej‡jv,Ò_v‡gv! hw` Avwg ¯^xKviB K‡i wbZvg Zzwg Avjvni ivmyj, Zvn‡j †Zvgv‡ì Avgv‡ì g‡a¨ †Kvb we‡ivaB
_vKZ bv| eis, Zzwg †Zvgvi bvg I †Zvgvi evevi bvg wjL|Ó ivmyj(mv.)ÕAvjx(iv.)†K ej‡jb,ÒwjL, ÕGUv n‡”Q †mB
Pzw³cÎ, hv gynv¤§` Beb ÕAvãyjvn, mynvBj Beb ÕAvg‡ii mv‡_ ¯^v¶i Ki‡Z m¤§Z n‡q‡Q|Ó ïi“‡Z G evK¨¸wj
wjLvi ci wb‡gœv³ kZ©vejxi wfwË‡Z Dfq c‡¶i g‡a¨ mwÜcÎ wjLv nqt
1. hy×weiZx mgqKv‡j Dfqc¶ ci¯ú‡ii wei“‡× hy× Kiv ev †KvbiKg AvµgYvZ¥K Kg©KvÛ †_‡K weiZ
_vK‡e|
2. hw` KzivBk‡ì ga¨ n‡Z †KD Bmjvg MÖnb K‡i Ges †MvÎ cÖav‡bi AbygwZ e¨ZxZ gynv¤§`(mv.)Gi
wbKU cvwj‡q hvq Z‡e, wZwb(mv.) Zv‡K KzivBk‡ì Kv‡Q wdwi‡q w`‡Z eva¨ _vK‡eb| wKš‘,
gynv¤§`(mv.)Gi wbKU ‡_‡K hw` †KD KzivBk‡ì Kv‡Q Mgb K‡i Z‡e Zviv Zv‡K wdwi‡q w`‡Z eva¨
_vK‡e bv|
3. Avie †MvÎmg~‡ni ga¨ †_‡K ‡h †KD hw` ¯^v¶wiZ G Pzw³i c‡¶ gynv¤§`(mv.)Gi wgÎ n‡Z Pvq Z‡e, Zv
Zviv cvi‡e| Avevi, hw` †KD KzivBk‡ì wgÎ n‡Z Pvq Z‡e ZvI Zviv cvi‡e|
4. gynv¤§`(mv.) I gymwjg‡ì Gevi n¾¡ bv K‡iB g`xbvq wd‡i †h‡Z n‡e| mvg‡bi eQi Zv‡ì g°vq cÖ‡e‡ki
†¶‡Î †Kvb evuav _vK‡e bv| Z‡e, ZLb Zviv gvÎ wZbw`b g°vq Ae¯’vb Ki‡Z cvi‡e| G mgq Zviv †Kvle×
Z‡jvqvi Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb hy×v¯¿ enb Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|
5. GB Pzw³ GKwU wbw`©ó mgq ch©š— ejer _vK‡e Ges G mgqKvj n‡”Q ¯^v¶wiZ nevi mgq †_‡K cieZ©x
`keQi|
44
BwZg‡a¨, G Pzw³i e¨vcv‡i gymwjg‡ì gv‡S cÖPÛ Am‡švl— I Aw¯’iZv ˆZix nq| Zv‡ì G µgea©gvb Am‡šv‡li—
†fZi w`‡qB Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) mynvBj Beb ÕAvg‡ii mv‡_ G Pzw³ m¤úv`b K‡ib| gymwjg wkwe‡i `vbv †eu‡a
DVv G cÖPÛ D‡ËRbv I fqvbK Am‡šv‡li— g‡a¨ Avjvni ivmyj‡K †i‡L mynvBj g°vq wd‡i hvq| hy× Kivi Rb¨
gymwjg‡ì G‡Zv e¨vKzjZv I Pzw³ ¯^v¶‡ii ci Zv‡ì Pig †bwZevPK cÖwZwµqv cÖZ¨¶ K‡i Avjvni ivmyj(mv.)
†fZ‡i †fZ‡i LyeB gg©vnZ nb Ges cÖPÛ Amnvq †eva Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| ‡klch©š,— wZwb(mv.) Zvui ¯¿x D¤§
mvjvgvn&(iv.) Gi Kv‡Q Zuvi Aš‡ii— mg¯— `ytL, Kó I nZvkvi K_v Ly‡j e‡jb| D¤§ mvjvgvn&(iv.) Zvu‡K
e‡jb,Ò‡n Avjvni ivmyj! gymwjgiv KL‡bvB Avcbvi Aeva¨ n‡e bv| Zviv †Zv ïay Zv‡ì Øxb, Avjvni Dci Zv‡ì
AwePj Cgvb I Avcbvi AvbxZ evYxi e¨vcv‡i LyeB ¯úk©KvZi| Avcwb Avcbvi gv_v Kvwg‡q †djyb Ges nv`xi
cï¸‡jv‡K RevB K‡i †djyb| †`L‡eb, gymwjgivI mv‡_ mv‡_ Avcbv‡K AbymiY Ki‡e| Zvici, Zv‡ì wb‡q Avcwb
g`xbvq wd‡i hvb|Ó
D¤§ mvjvgvn& (iv.) Gi civgk© Abyhvqx ivmyj(mv.) Zvuey †_‡K †ewi‡q Zvui gv_v gywo‡q †d‡jb Ges Dgivn&i
AvbyôvwbKZv mgvß K‡i gvbwmK fv‡e cÖkvwš— I Zwß… †eva K‡ib| Avjvni ivmyj(mv.)†K G Ae¯’vq †`‡L
gymwjgivI ‡klch©š— wbR wbR cï RevB Kivi Rb¨ Qz‡U hvq Ges gv_v gywo‡q †d‡j| Gici, ivmyj(mv.) gymwjg‡ì
mn g`xbvi c‡_ hvÎv K‡ib| cÖvq A‡a©K c_ AwZµg Kivi ci AvjvnZvqvjv myiv dvZn& bvwhj K‡ib| Avjvni ivmyj
m`¨ bvwhjKZ… G myivi cy‡ivUvB mvnvex‡ì‡K wZjIqvZ K‡i †kvbvb| ïaygvÎ ZLbB gymwjgiv mwZ¨Kvi fv‡e
eyS‡Z cv‡i †h, û`vBweqv mwÜi gva¨‡g Avm‡j gymwjg‡ìB Pzovš— weRq AwR©Z n‡q‡Q|
g`xbvq cÖZ¨veZ©b Kivi ciciB ivmyj(mv.) Gevi Lvqev‡ii Bû`x‡ì mv‡_ Pzovš— †evSvcov K‡i Avie f~-L‡Ûi
evB‡i Bmjv‡gi Avnevb‡K Qwo‡q †èvi cwiKíbv K‡ib| Gi gva¨‡g wZwb(mv.) Bmjvgx `vIqvZx Kvh©µg‡KI
kw³kvjx Kivi wPšv— K‡ib| û`vBweqv mwÜ‡K Kvh©Kix A¯¿ wnmv‡e eënvi K‡i wZwb(mv.) GKw`‡K
ewn©we‡k¦i mv‡_ m¤úK© ˆZixi †Póv K‡ib| Avevi, Ab¨w`‡K, G mwÜi gva¨‡gB wZwb(mv.) Avie f~-L‡Û
`vIqvZx Kvh©µ‡gi c‡_ evuav n‡q `vuov‡bv wKQz ¶z`ª cÖwZ‡iva ejq‡K †f‡½ †`b| AZzjbxq ivR‰bwZK cÖÁv I
`~i`wk©Zv †_‡K n¾¡ cvjb Kivi DwQjvq Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) †h my`~icÖmvix cwiKíbv K‡iwQ‡jb, G Pzw³i gva¨‡g
Zuvi †m cy‡iv cwiKíbvB wZwb(mv.) ‡klch©š— ev¯evqb— K‡ib| j¶¨ AR©‡bi c‡_ A‡bK euvavwecwË I
cÖwZeÜKZv _vKv m‡Ë¡I, G Pzw³i myev‡`B wZwb(mv.) cwiKíbv Abyhvqx Zvui cÖwZwU D‡Ïk¨ nvwmj K‡ib|
ivR‰bwZK A½‡b Zvui G mg¯— mvdj¨ cieZ©x‡Z m‡›`nvZxZ cÖgvY K‡i †`q †h, û`vBweqv mwÜ cÖKZ…
A‡_©B gymwjg‡ì Rb¨ weR‡qi evZ©v enb K‡i G‡b‡Q| ivmyj(mv.)Gi AwR©Z wKQz mvdj¨ njt
1. û`vBweqv cÖvš‡i— msNwUZ NUbv cÖev‡ni ga¨ w`‡q Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) mvaviY fv‡e mg¯— Avi‡ei
g‡a¨ Ges we‡kl K‡i KzivBk‡ì g‡a¨ Bmjv‡gi e¨vcv‡i RbgZ ˆZix Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| hv cÖKZ… A‡_©,
Avie‡ì `„wó‡Z gymwjg‡ì gh©v`v I m¤§vb e„w× K‡iwQj Ges KzivBk‡ì gh©v`v‡K K‡iwQj ¶zbœ |
2. G NUbvi ga¨ w`‡q Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Zvui mvnvex‡ì Cgv‡bi `„pZv m¤ú‡K© cy‡ivcywi wbwðZ
n‡qwQ‡jb| e¯‘Zt û`vBweqv mwÜ m‡›`nvZxZ fv‡e cÖgvY K‡iwQj †h, gymwjg‡ì Cgvb B¯úvZ KwVb I
Abgbxq| GQvov, Øxb i¶vi LvwZ‡i Zv‡ì `ytmvnmx c`‡¶c I ¯^ZtùzZ© AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi `„óvšI— weij|
3. G NUbv †_‡K gymwjgiv G wk¶vI jvf K‡iwQj †h, Bmjvg cÖPvi-cÖmv‡ii †¶‡Î `¶ I `~i`k©x ivR‰bwZK
Pvj LyeB ¸i“Z¡c~Y© A¯¿|
4. Gi d‡j, g°vq Ae¯’vbKvix gymwjgiv Avm‡j kÎ“ey‡nï †fZ‡i †_‡KB Bmjvgx `vIqv‡Zi †QvU †QvU †K›`ª
ˆZix K‡iwQj|
5. GQvov, G Pzw³i gva¨‡g GUvI cÖgvwYZ n‡qwQj †h, ivR‰bwZK D‡Ï‡k¨ M„nxZ mKj c×wZB GKB
Drm, mZëv`xZv I b¨vqcivqbZvi wfwË‡Z n‡Z n‡e| Z‡e, ivR‰bwZK `~i`wk©Zvi I cÖÁvi gva¨‡gB j¶¨
AR©‡bi c_ wba©vib Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î, Awfó j‡¶¨ †cuŠQv‡bvi Rb¨ †KŠkj wnmv‡e, kÎ“c‡¶i Kv‡Q j¶¨
AR©‡bi Dcvq I cÖKZ… D‡Ïk¨ †Mvcb ivLv hv‡e|
Lvqev‡ii hy×t
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) û`vBweqv †_‡K cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi ci 15 w`b g`xbvq Ae¯’vb K‡ib| Gici, wZwb(mv.) mvnvex‡ì
Lvqevi AvµgY Kivi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZ †bqvi wb‡`©k ‡`b | †m mv‡_ wZwb(mv.) GUvI e‡jb †h, ïay hviv û`vBweqv
cÖvš‡i— Zvui mv‡_ Dcw¯’Z wQj ZvivB †hb hy‡×i cÖ¯‘wZ †bq|
45
e¯‘Zt û`vBweqv cÖvš‡i— hvÎv Kivi c~‡e©B ivmyj(mv.) KzivBk‡ì mv‡_ Lvqev‡ii Bû`x †MvÎ¸‡jvi ‡Mvcb
AvuZv‡Zi Lei †c‡qwQ‡jb| gymwjg‡ì‡K c„w_exi eyK †_‡K wPiZ‡i aŸsm Kivi Rb¨ Zviv GKwÎZ n‡q †Mvc‡b
g`xbv AvµgY Kivi cwiKíbv K‡iwQj| ‡Mvcb G lohš¿ m¤ú‡K© AewnZ nevi ciB wZwb(mv.) KzivBk‡ì mv‡_
hy×weiZx Pzw³ m¤úv`b Kivi j‡¶¨ g°vq kvwšc~Y©— md‡ii cwiKíbv K‡ib| †hb, KzivBk †Mv‡Îi mv‡_ Zvui Awfó
mwÜ nIqv gvÎB wZwb(mv.) Lvqev‡ii wek¦vmNvZK Bû`x‡ì kv‡q¯v— Kivi Rb¨ Dchy&³ eë¯’v wb‡Z cv‡ib|
ZvB, KzivBk‡ì mv‡_ gymwjg‡ì hy×weiZx Pzw³i gva¨‡g hLb Bû`xiv KzivBk‡ì KvQ †_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡q †Mj,
Zvi Aí wKQzw`‡bi g‡a¨B wZwb(mv.) gymwjg‡ì Lvqevi AvµgY Kivi wb‡`©k w`‡jb Ges hy‡×i cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z
ej‡jb|
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) 1600 gymwjg c`vwZK I 100 Rb Ak¦v‡ivnx wb‡q Lvqev‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv K‡ib| G‡ì mK‡jB wQj
Avjvni mvnv‡hï e¨vcv‡i wbwðZ| hvÎv Kivi wZbw`‡bi g‡a¨ ivmyj(mv.) Zvui `jej mn Lvqevi †cuŠ‡Q hvb Ges
Bû`xiv Zv‡ì Dcw¯’wZ †Ui cvevi Av‡MB Zv‡ì `~M© †NivI K‡i †d‡jb| hwÌ gymwjgiv iv‡ZB Lvqev‡i Bû`x‡ì
emwZ‡Z †cuŠ‡Q wM‡qwQj, wKš‘, Zv m‡Ë¡I Zviv AvµgY bv K‡i ïay `~‡M©i evB‡i e‡mB ivZ cvi K‡iwQj|
mKvj‡ejvq Bû`x †Mv‡Îi KlKiv… G‡K G‡K †Kv`vj-Kv‡¯— Avi Szwo nv‡Z `~‡M©i evB‡i †ei n‡q Gj| nVvr,
`~‡M©i cv‡k gymwjg‡ì †`L‡Z †c‡q Zviv f‡q †cQb wd‡i †`Š‡o cvjv‡jv Avi wPrKvi K‡i ej‡Z jvMj,Ògynv¤§`
G‡m‡Q Zvi evwnbx wb‡q|Ó Zv‡ì wPrKvi ï‡b ivmyj(mv.) ej‡jb,ÒAvjvû AvKei (Avjvn gnvb)! Lvqev‡ii Bû`x‡ì
aŸsm Avmbœ| Avgiv hLb †Kvb GjvKvq AvMgb Kwi ZLbB Zv‡ì `~f©vM¨ m~wPZ nq; Zv‡ì mKvjUv Zv‡ì Rb¨
g›`, hv‡ì c~‡e© mZK© Kiv n‡qwQj|Ó
Lvqev‡ii Bû`xiv û`vqweqv mwÜi wel‡q AewnZ nevi ci †_‡KB gynv¤§`(mv.)Gi KvQ †_‡K Avµg‡Yi Avk¼v
KiwQj| Bû`x‡ì‡K Zv‡ì wgÎc¶ KzivBk †_‡K wew”Qbœ KivB †h G Pzw³i cÖKZ… D‡Ïk¨, Zviv GUv cwi¯‹vi fv‡e
ey‡SwQj| bZzb G wec`RbK Ae¯’vi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z Zv‡ì ga¨ n‡Z †KD †KD Iqvw` Avj-KzivÕ Ges ZvqgvÕi Bû`x
‡MvÎ¸‡jvi mv‡_ bZzb wgÎZv ˆZix Kivi cÖ¯veI— w`‡qwQj, †hb Zviv GKwÎZ n‡q g`xbv AvµgY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Zvn‡j, Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì i¶v Ki‡Z Avie‡ì _‡ji Avi †Kvb ìKvi nZ bv| we‡kl K‡i, GiKg GKUv wec`RbK mg‡q hLb
KzivBkiv Avjvni ivmy‡ji mv‡_ kvwš—Pzw³‡Z ¯^v¶i K‡i‡Q| Ab¨vb¨ Bû`xiv Aek¨ gymwjg‡ì mv‡_ kvwšPzw³—
Kivi myL¯^‡cœ we‡fvi wQj| Zviv Avkv K‡iwQj †h, gynv¤§`(mv.)Gi mv‡_ Pzw³ ¯^v¶wiZ n‡jB nq‡Zv gymwjg‡ì
Bû`x we‡Øl `~i n‡q hv‡e| Zviv gv‡S gv‡SB G‡K Aci‡K m¤ve¨¢ G wec‡ì e¨vcv‡i mZ©K K‡i w`Z| Zviv GUvI
Rvb‡Zv †h, gynv¤§`(mv.) KzivBk‡ì mv‡_ Zv‡ì †Mvcb Pµv‡š—i K_v Rvb‡Z †c‡i‡Qb Ges Zv‡ì AvµgY Ki‡Z
GKiKg cÖ¯‘Z n‡qB Av‡Qb| wKš‘, Zv‡ì bZzb cwiKíbv ev¯evq‡bi— Av‡MB, gymwjg‡ì KvQ †_‡K AvKw®§K
G Avµg‡Yi Rb¨ Zviv G‡Kev‡iB cÖ¯‘Z wQj bv| d‡j, me cwiKíbv ev` w`‡q Zviv NvZvdvb †Mv‡Îi mvnvh¨ PvB‡Z
eva¨ nj| Zviv Zv‡ì Ae¯’vb‡K myiw¶Z Ki‡Z I gymwjg‡ì AvµgY‡K cÖwZnZ Ki‡Z AvcÖvY †Póv K‡iwQj| wKš‘,
gymwjg †mbvevwnbxi Z¡wor Avµg‡Yi gy‡L Zv‡ì cÖwZ‡iva eë¯’v †f‡½ Pzigvi n‡q †Mj|
Ae‡k‡l, Zviv gwiqv n‡q Avjvni ivmyj(mv.)Gi mv‡_ mg‡SvZv Kivi †kl †Póv Kij| wZwb(mv.) Zv‡ì Rxeb wf¶v
w`‡jb| ïay ZvB bq, gynv¤§`(mv.) Zv‡ì wbR wbR M„‡n _vKviI AbygwZ w`‡jb| weR‡qi bxwZ Abymv‡i wm×vš—
nj †h, Bû`x‡ì RwgRgv I Av½y‡ii evMvb gynv¤§`(mv.)Gi AwaKv‡i _vK‡e| Bû`xiv Zv‡ì Kwl‡¶Z… I evMv‡b
KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡e Z‡e, evrmwiK Drcvw`Z dmj I djg~‡ji A‡a©K gymwjg‡ì w`‡Z n‡e| ‡klch©š— Zviv
gynv¤§`(mv.)Gi G mKj kZ© †g‡b wb‡qB †mLv‡b emevm Ki‡Z m¤§Z nq| Gici, gynv¤§`(mv.) mvnvex‡ì wb‡q
g`xbvq wd‡i Av‡mb Ges cieZ©x eQi Kvhv Dgivn& Av`vq Kivi c~e© ch©š— †mLv‡bB Ae¯’vb K‡ib|
Lvqev‡i Bû`x‡ì ivR‰bwZK KZ©Z¡… Le© K‡i Bmjv‡gi kvmb-KZ©‡Z¡i… Kv‡Q Bû`x‡ì bwZ ¯^xKvi Kiv‡bvi
gva¨‡g wec`RbK DËivÂj †_‡K Avj-kvg ch©š— GjvKv‡K ivmyj(mv.) wbivc` GjvKvq cwiYZ K‡ib| †hfv‡e,
wZwb(mv.) û`vBweqvi mwÜi gva¨‡g Bmjvgx iv‡óªi `w¶bvÂj‡K K‡iwQ‡jb wec`gy³| cÖKZc‡¶,… ivmyj(mv.) GB
me Kg©KvÛB mg¯— Avie f~-LÛ I ewn©we‡k¦ Bmjv‡gi Avnevb‡K cÖmvwiZ Kivi wfwË wnmv‡e KvR
K‡iwQj|
cÖwZ‡ekx †`‡k `~Z †cÖiYt
‡h‡nZz, Bmjvg GKwU mve©Rbxb Øxb Ges G Øxb †cÖiY KivB n‡q‡Q gvbe RvwZi mvwe©K Kj¨v‡Y, ZvB
†nhv‡h Bmjvgx `vIqvZ GKUv m‡švlRbK— ch©v‡q †cuŠQv‡bvi mv‡_ mv‡_B gynv¤§`(mv.) †nhv‡hi evB‡i
Bmjv‡gi Avnevb Qwo‡q †`qvi wPšvÑfvebv— Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| KviY, AvjvnZvqvjv cweÎ ‡KviAv‡b e‡j‡Qb,
46
ÒGes Avwg †Zvgv‡K mg¯— m„wóRM‡Zi Rb¨ ingZ wnmv‡e cvwV‡qwQ|Ó [myiv Avw¤^qvt 107]
AvjvnZvqvjv myiv mvev-‡Z AviI e‡j‡Qb,
ÒGes Avwg †Zvgv‡K mg¯— gvbeRvwZi cÖwZ mymsev` `vZv I mZK©Kvix wnmv‡e †cÖiY K‡iwQ|Ó [myiv mvevt
28]
GQvov, AvjvnZvqvjv myiv ZIev‡Z e‡j‡Qb,
ÒwbðqB wZwb ivmyj cvwV‡q‡Qb †n`v‡qZ I mZ¨Øxb mnKv‡i †hb GB Øxb mKj Øx‡bi Dci weRqx nq, hwÌ
gykwiKiv Zv N„Yv K‡i| Ó [myiv ZIevt 33]
wbR †`‡k Bmjvgx `vIqvZ‡K kw³kvjx Kiv Ges Bmjvgx iv‡óªi mxgvbv i¶vq mvg_¨© AR©b Kivi ciB Avjvni
ivmyj(mv.) ewn©we‡k¦i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Avi¤¢ K‡ib| wZwb(mv.) G‡K G‡K wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Zvui `~Z cvVv‡Z
Avi¤¢ Ki‡jb| Zvui kvmb-KZ©‡Z¡i… evB‡ii mg¯— Avie f~-LÛ‡K wZwb(mv.) Bmjvgx iv‡óªi ciivóªbxwZi
AvIZvq wb‡q G‡mwQ‡jb| Zvici, hLb, mg¯— †nhvh AÂ‡j Zvui KZ©Z¡… cÖwZwôZ nj, ZLb Avi‡ei mxgvbvi
evB‡ii †h †Kvb AÂ‡ji mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM‡K ciivóªbxwZ wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nZ| †hgbt cvim¨ ev †ivgvb
mvgªvR¨| BwZg‡a¨, û`vBweqv Pzw³ ¯^v¶wiZ nIqvq Ges Lvqev‡i Bû`x‡ì KZ©Z¡… wejyß nevi ci cy‡iv †nhvh
AÂ‡jB gynv¤§`(mv.)Gi KZ©Z¡… cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj| KviY, KzivBk‡ìI Avm‡j Zvui wei“‡× `vuov‡bvi g‡Zv
†Kvb kw³ wQj bv| G iKg Ae¯’v‡ZB wZwb(mv.) ewn©we‡k¦ Zvui cÖwZwbwa `j cvVvb| hv †nvK, BwZnvm e‡j,
Bmjvgx iv‡óªi ciivóªbxwZ‡K mg_©b †èvi Rb¨ wbRf~wg‡Z ivmyj(mv.) kvmb-KZ©Z¡… cy‡ivcywi cÖwZwôZ
nevi ciB wZwb(mv.) ewn©we‡k¦ Zvui cÖwZwbwa †cÖiY K‡iwQ‡jb|
Lvqevi †_‡K cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi GKw`b ci ivmyj(mv.) mvnvex‡ì †W‡K ej‡jb,Ò‡n Avgvi †jvKmKj! wbðqB
AvjvnZvqvjv Avgv‡K mgMÖ gvbeRvwZi Kj¨vYv‡ © †cÖiY K‡i‡Qb| myZivs, Cmv Beb gvwiq‡gi nvIqvix‡ì
g‡Zv ‡Zvgiv Avgvi wei“×vPvib K‡iv bv|Ó ZLb mvnveviv wR‡Ám Ki‡jb,ÒAvi wKfv‡e nvIqvixMY Zvi
wei“×vPviY K‡iwQj †n Avjvni ivmyj?Ó wZwb(mv.) ej‡jb,ÒwZwb Zv‡ì Avnevb K‡iwQ‡jb, hvi w`‡K Avwg
†Zvgv‡ì Avnevb KiwQ| wKš‘, KvD‡K wbKUeZ©x †Kvb ¯’v‡b ‡cÖiY Kiv n‡j †m Zv †g‡b wbZ| A_P, `~ieZ©x
¯’v‡b †cÖiY Kiv n‡j †m Zv AcQ›` Ki‡Zv Ges wc‡Q c‡o _vKZ|Ó
Gici wZwb(mv.) Zvui mvnvex‡ì ej‡jb †h, wZwb(mv.) wnivwK¬qvm (‡ivgvb AwacwZ), Lmi“ (cvi‡mï
AwacwZ), Avj-gyKvIwKm (wgk‡ii AwacwZ), Avj-nvwiQvn Avj-Mv”Qvbx (nxivi AwacwZ), Avj-nvwiQvn Avj-
wngBqvix (B‡q‡g‡bi AwacwZ) Ges Avj-bv¾vkx (Avwewmwbqvi AwacwZ)†K Bmjv‡g Avnevb Rvwb‡q `~Z
†cÖiY Ki‡Z Pvb| mvnveviv G K_vq m¤§Z n‡jb Ges ivmyj(mv.) Gi Rb¨ Ógynv¤§`, Avjvni ivmyjÓ K_vwU
†Lv`vB Kiv GKwU i“cvi mxj‡gvni ˆZix Ki‡jb| Gici, wZwb(mv.) G mg¯— kvmKeM©‡K Bmjv‡gi w`‡K Avnevb
Rvwb‡q Zv‡ì Kv‡Q cÖwZwbwa †cÖiY K‡ib| wnivwK¬qv‡mi Kv‡Q Zvui evZ©v †cuŠQv‡bvi Rb¨ `vwnqvn Beb
Lvwjdvn Avj-Kvjex, Lmi“i Kv‡Q Avãyjvn Beb ûhvBdv Avj-mvngx, bv¾vkxi Kv‡Q ÕDgi Beb DgvBqv Avj-
`vgix, gyKvIwK‡mi Kv‡Q nvwZe Be Avwe evjZvÕ, ÕIgv‡bi ev`kvni Kv‡Q ÕAvgi Beb Avj ÕAvm Avj-mvngx,
Avj Bqvgvgvni ev`kvni Kv‡Q myjvBZ Beb ÕAvgi, evnivB‡bi ev`kvni Kv‡Q Avj-ÕAvjv Beb Avj-nv`vivgx, Avj-
nvwiQvn Avj-Mv”Qvbx, ZzKnvg Avj-kv‡gi ev`kvni Kv‡Q myRvÕ Beb Iqvnve Avj-Avmv`x Ges Avj-nvwiQvn
Avj-wngBqvixi Kv‡Q Avj-gynvwRi Beb DgvBqv Avj-gvLhygx †K `~Z wnmv‡e †cÖiY Ki‡jb|
‡cÖwiZ `~‡Ziv GKB mv‡_ hvÎv ïi“ K‡ib Ges Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Gi wb‡`©k Abyhvqx wbR wbR Mš‡e¨—
†cuŠQvb| †cÖwiZ `~‡Ziv Gme kvmKe‡M©i Kv‡Q ivmyj(mv.) Gi evZ©v †cuŠ‡Q †`b| Avjvni ivmy‡ji Avnev‡b
†ekxi fvMB kvmKB †gvUvgywU BwZevPK mvov †`q| Avi G‡ì g‡a¨ †KD †KD AZ¨š— iƒp I †bwZevPK
cÖwZwµqv Rvbvq| Avi‡ei kvmK‡ì g‡a¨, B‡q‡gb I ÕIgv‡bi ev`kvn& iƒp cÖwZwµqv Rvbvq| evnivB‡bi ev`kvn
BwZevPK mvov w`‡q Bmjvg MÖnb K‡i| Avi, Bqvgvgvi ev`kvn e‡j, ‡m Bmjvg MÖnb Ki‡Z cÖ¯‘Z hw` Zv‡K
kvmK wnmv‡e wbhy³ Kiv nq| Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Zvi GB cÖ¯ve— cÖZ¨vLvb K‡ib| Avi, Abvie kvmK‡ì g‡a¨,
Avjvni ivmy‡ji wPwV cvV Kivi ci cvi‡mï AwacwZ Lmi“ AZ¨š— †µvavwš^Z n‡q †m wPwV UzKiv UzKiv †d‡j|
ïay ZvB bq, †nhv‡hi †bZvi KwZ©Z g¯K— Zvi Kv‡Q nvwRi Kivi Rb¨ †m Zvi B‡q‡g‡bi Mf©bi ey`nvb‡K
wb‡`©k †`q|
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.)GK_v †kvbvi ci e‡jb,ÒAvjvn ‡hb Lmi“i ivRZ¡ UzKiv UzKiv K‡i †`b|Ó Gw`‡K, Lmi“i wb‡`©k
cvevi ci B‡q‡g‡bi Mf©bi ey`nvb Bmjv‡gi e¨vcv‡i †LuvRLei ‡bb Ges Lye `ª“ZB Bmjvg MÖn‡bi †Nvlbv †`b|
Zv‡K gynv¤§`(mv.) B‡q‡g‡bi Mf©bi wbhy³ K‡ib| hwÌ wZwb cÖKZ… A‡ © Avj-nvwiQvn Avj-wngBqvix
A_©vr, B‡q‡g‡bi ev`kvn wQ‡jb bv| Avi, wgk‡ii AwacwZ
47
gyKvIwKm `vIqv‡Zi DË‡i BwZevPK g‡bvfve Rvwb‡q Avjvni ivmyj(mv.)Gi Rb¨ Dcnvi cvVvb| bv¾vkxi
g‡bvfveI wQj BwZevPK, ejv n‡q _v‡K †h, bv¾vkx Avm‡j Bmjvg MÖnb K‡iwQ‡jb| Avi, wnivwK¬qvm Avm‡j
ivmyj(mv.) Gi G Avnevb‡K GZ ¸i“Z¡ †`qwb| bv ‡m †Kvb ˆmb¨ cvVv‡bvi e¨vcv‡i gb‡hvMx wQj, Avi bv G
e¨vcv‡i wKQz e‡jwQj| Avj-nvwiQvn Avj-Mv”Qvbx hLb Avi‡ei G ag©cÖPviK‡K kvw¯— †èvi Rb¨ ˆmb¨`j
cvVv‡bvi AbygwZ Pvq, ZLb †m Gi DË‡i wKQzB e‡jwb| eis, Mv”Qvbx‡K Avj-Kz`‡m (†Ri“Rv‡jg) hvevi
wb‡`©k w`‡qwQj|
ewn©we‡k¦ GB `vIqvZx Kvh©µ‡gi d‡j, Avi‡ei †jv‡Kiv `‡j `‡j Bmjv‡g cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z _v‡K| Zviv `je× n‡q
ivmyj(mv.)Gi Kv‡Q Qz‡U Av‡m Ges Bmjvg MÖn‡bi †Nvlbv †`q| Avi, Abvie‡ì mv‡_ ivmyj(mv.) wRnv` Kivi
‡Nvlbv †`b Ges GRb¨ Zvui ˆmbëvvwnbx cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z _v‡Kb|
gyÕZvi hy×t
cÖwZwbwa `j ewn©wek¦ †_‡K g`xbvq cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi ciciB Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Zvui ˆmbëvwnbx cÖ¯‘Z K‡ib Ges
Avie f~-L‡Ûi evB‡i wRnv` Kivi †Nvlbv †`b| G j‡¶¨, wZwb(mv.) †ivgvb I cvi‡mï MwZwewa m¤ú‡K© †LuvRLei
wb‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡ib| Avi, †ivgvb mvgªv‡Rï mv‡_ Zvui mxgvš— hy³ _vKvq wZwb(mv.) Zv‡ì MwZwewai Dci
we‡kl fv‡e bRi †`b Ges ¸ßP‡ii gva¨‡g avivevwnK fv‡e Z_¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| ivmyj(mv.) Zuvi cÖÁv I
`~i`k©xZvi Kvi‡Y GUv eyS‡Z ‡c‡iwQ‡jb †h, hw` GKevi Avie f~-L‡Ûi evB‡i Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ †cuŠQv‡bv hvq,
Z‡e Bmjv‡gi Avnevb‡K we‡k¦ `ª“Z Qwo‡q ‡`qv m¤e¢ n‡e| ZvB wZwb(mv.) G j‡¶¨, Avj-kvg (e„nËi wmwiqv)
†_‡KB wRnv‡ì m~Pbv Ki‡eb e‡j w¯’i K‡ib| KviY, Lmi“i B‡q‡g‡bi Mf©bi ey`nvb Bmjvg MÖnb Kivi ci
wZwb(mv.) ‡mLvb †_‡K †KvbiKg Avµg‡Yi Avk¼v gy&³ wQ‡jb| GRb¨, wZwb(mv.) †ivgvb‡ì gyKvwejv Kivi
Rb¨ Avj-kv‡gB ˆmb¨ cvVv‡bvi wPšv—-fvebv Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| Gici, wnRix 7g mv‡ji Rygvw`Dj ÕDjv gv‡m,
û`vBweqv mwÜi K‡qKgvm c‡iB wZwb(mv.) wZb nvRvi †hv×vi GK `¶ evwnbx ˆZix K‡ib| hv‡q` Beb
nvwiQvn‡K G evwnbxi †bZv wbhy³ K‡i wb‡`©k ‡`b †h,Òhw` hv‡q` wbnZ nq Z‡e, RvÕdi †bZ‡Z¡… _vK‡e, Avi
RvÕdi wbnZ n‡j ÕAvãyjvn Beb i“Iqvnvn& ‡bZZ¡… †`‡eb|Ó
wb‡`©k cvevi ci ‰mbëvwnbx wbw`ó Mš‡e¨— hvÎv ïi“ K‡i, Avi bI gymwjg wnmv‡e Lvwj` Beb Iqvwj` (wZwb
û`vBweqv mwÜi ciciB Bmjvg MÖnb K‡iwQ‡jb) Zv‡ì m½x nb| ivmyj(mv.) ˆmb¨`‡ji mv‡_ g`xbvi cÖvšeZ©x—
mxgvbv ch©š— hvb| gymwjg ‡hv×v‡ì wZwb(mv.) bvix, c½y ev APj e¨w³ I wkï‡ì‡K AvµgY bv Kivi wb‡`©k
†`b Ges †mBmv‡_, MvQcvjv ev evoxNiI aŸsm Ki‡Z wb‡la K‡ib| Zvici, ivmyj(mv.) Ges g`xbvi evKx gymwjgiv
ˆmb¨`‡ji Rb¨ Avjvni Kv‡Q †`vqv K‡i e‡jb,ÒG hvÎvq Avjvn †Zvgv‡ì mnvq nDb, †Zvgv‡ì i¶v Ki“b Avi wbivc‡`
Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q wdwi‡q wb‡q Avmyb|Ó
Gici, ‰mbëvwnbx ibv½‡bi w`‡K GwM‡q hvq| Gi g‡a¨B †bZ¯’vbxqiv… hy‡×i †KŠkj wba©vib K‡i| Zviv wVK
K‡i †h, kÎ“‡K Z¡worMwZ‡Z AvPg&Kv AvµgY K‡i Zv‡ì weRq‡K mywbwðZ Ki‡e, wVK †hfv‡e ivmyj(mv.)
AvµgY cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡Kb| ˆmb¨`‡ji †bZ¯’vbxq… ‡hv×viv G‡Z m¤§wZ w`‡j Zviv D‡Ïk¨ mva‡b AMÖmi n‡Z
_v‡K| wKš‘, gyÕqvb (Avi‡ei DËivÂj) GjvKvq †cuŠQv‡bvi ci Zviv ïb‡Z cvq ‡h, wnivwK¬qv‡mi Avj-kvg AÂ‡ji
Mf©bi kvinvwej Avj-Mv”Qvbx Zv‡ì gyKvwejvi D‡Ï‡k¨ 1,00,000 ˆmb¨ mgv‡ek K‡i‡Q| AvKw¯§K G msev‡`
Zviv nZwenej n‡q `yB ivZ †mLv‡bB hvÎv weiZx K‡i Ges fq¼i G evwnbx‡K wKfv‡e gyKvwejv Ki‡e †m wel‡q
wPšv—-fvebv Ki‡Z _v‡K| G Ae¯’vq Zviv wPšv— K‡i †`‡L †h, Zv‡ì Rb¨ mePvB‡Z wbivc` c`‡¶c n‡”Q
ivmyj(mv.)†K cÎ gvidZ Ae¯’v eY©bv Kiv| wZwb(mv.) hw` Zv‡ì mvnvh¨ Kivi Rb¨ AviI ˆmb¨ cvVvb †Zv fvj, Avi
Zv bv n‡j, cieZ©x c`‡¶‡ci Rb¨ Zviv Zvui wm×v‡ši— Rb¨ A‡c¶v Ki‡e|
G Ae¯’vq ÕAvãyjvn Beb i“Iqvnvn& ˆmb¨`j‡K D‡ËwRZ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ e‡jb,ÒAvjvni Kmg! †Zvgiv kvnv`‡Zi †cqvjv
cvb Kivi Rb¨B GLv‡b G‡m‡Qv, hwÌ †Zvgiv g„Zz¨‡K AcQ›` K‡iv| †R‡b iv‡Lv, kÎ“i mv‡_ Avgiv Avgv‡ì msL¨v
wKsev kw³mvg_©¨ w`‡q hy× Kwi bv, Avgiv hy× Kwi Avgv‡ì Øxb Bmjv‡gi kw³ w`‡q hv w`‡q AvjvnZvqvjv
Avgv‡ì m¤§vwbZ K‡i‡Qb| myZivs, †Zvgiv wbf©‡q GwM‡q hvI| kvnv`Z wKsev weRq, `y‡Uvi †h †KvbUvB
Avgv‡ì Rb¨ cQ›`bxq|Ó GK_v †kvbvi ci, gymwjg evwnbx Cgvbx kw³‡Z D¾xweZ n‡q D‡V Ges `„p wP‡Ë kÎ“c‡¶i
gyKvwejvq GwM‡q hvq, †h ch©š— bv Zviv gvkwid bv‡gi GK MÖv‡g †cuŠ‡Q| kÎ“c¶ hLb gymwjg evwnbxi
w`‡K GwM‡q Av‡m ZZ¶‡b gymwjgiv gyÕZvn MÖv‡g cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q| GLv‡bB, `yBc¶ ci¯ú‡ii gy‡LvgywL nq| ïi“
nq hy×|
48
gyÕZvi cÖv½‡b G hy× wQj ¯§iYKv‡ji g‡a¨ fqven| hy‡×i gq`v‡bi me©Î wQj g„Zzï wefxwlKv, Avi Pvwiw`‡K
eBwQ‡jv i‡³i eb¨v| kvnv`‡Zi Awgq myav cvb Kivi Zxeª AvKv•Lvq gvÎ 3000 gymwjg ˆmb¨ Rxeb evwR †i‡L
j‡owQj 2,00,000 †ivgvb †hv×vi mv‡_ (†ivgvbiv Zv‡ì evwnbx‡K mvnvh¨ Kivi Rb¨ AviI 1,00,000 AwZwi³ ˆmb¨
cÖ¯‘Z K‡i †i‡LwQj)| fq¼i I Amg G hy‡× hvwq` Beb nvwiQvn& Bmjv‡gi cZvKv nv‡Z jovB KiwQ‡jb| GK
ch©v‡q, cwiYv‡gi K_v we›`ygvÎ bv †f‡e wZwb kÎ“ey¨n †f` K‡i Aiw¶Z Ae¯’vq †ivgvb ˆmb¨‡ì †fZ‡i Xy‡K hvb|
g„Zz¨ wbwðZ †R‡bI wZwb cÖPÛ mvn‡mi mv‡_ hy× Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| Zvi mvnwmKZv wQj `y`©vš— Avi bvqKwPZ
exiZ¡ wQj AZzjbxq| ‡kl ch©š— kÎ“i ek©vi AvNv‡Z ¶Zwe¶Z n‡q wZwb g„Zzï †Kv‡j X‡j c‡ob| Gici RvÕdi Beb
Avwe Zvwje Bmjv‡gi cZvKv Zz‡j †bb| RvÕdi wQ‡jb 33 eQ‡ii my`k©b GK UMe‡M hyeK| g„Zzï fq¼i
wefxwlKv‡K D‡c¶v K‡i wZwbI exi weµ‡g hy× Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| GKch©v‡q, kÎ“c¶ Zvi mIqvi‡K Pviw`K †_‡K wN‡i
†d‡j| wZwb w¶cÖ MwZ‡Z †Nvovi wcV
†_‡K †b‡g Z‡jvqv‡ii GK AvNv‡Z †Nvovi cv‡qi iM †K‡U ‡`b| Zvici, `ª“ZZvi mv‡_ kÎ“‡K AvNvZ Ki‡Z Ki‡Z
cv‡q †nu‡UB kÎ“ey‡nï G‡Kev‡i †fZ‡i Xy‡K hvb| G mg‡q GK †ivgvb ˆmb¨ Zv‡K Z‡jvqv‡ii AvNv‡Z wØLwÛZ
K‡i nZ¨v K‡i †d‡j| Gici, ÕAvãyjvn& Beb i“Iqvnvn& cZvKv Zz‡j ‡bb Ges †Nvovi wc‡V P‡o kÎ“i gyKvwejvq
AMÖmi nb| cÖ_gw`‡K mvg‡b G¸‡Z GKUz wØavMÖ¯’ n‡jI GKiKg †Rvi K‡iB wZwb wb‡R‡K fq¼i iY‡¶‡Î
†V‡j ‡`b, Zvici hy× Ki‡Z Ki‡Z GKmgq wZwbI knx` n‡q hvb| G mg‡q, QvweZ Beb AvKivg cZvKv nv‡Z
e‡jb,Ògymwjgiv! †Zvgiv GKR‡bi †cQ‡b mvwie× nI|Ó Gici, gymwjgiv Lvwj` Beb Avj-Iqvwj‡ì †cQ‡b mg‡eZ nq|
Lvwj` Beb Avj-Iqvwj` Zvi ˆmb¨`j‡K Ggb `¶Zvi mv‡_ mw¾Z K‡ib, hv‡Z kÎ“c¶ ‡ek Pv‡ci gy‡L c‡o hvq| AÜKvi
Nwb‡q Avmvi c~e© ch©š— wZwb kÎ“c¶‡K †QvU †QvU Avµg‡Yi g‡a¨B mxgve× ivL‡Z eva¨ K‡ib|
e¯‘Zt G hy× wQj GK Amg hy×, KviY kÎ“c‡¶i wecyj msL¨vi Zzjbvq gymwjg evwnbx wQj AZ¨š— bMb¨| G
ev¯eZv— Dcjwä K‡i, iv‡Zi †ejvq Lvwj` PvZzh©c~Y© GK hy×‡KŠk‡ji cwiKíbv K‡ib| Lvwj` Zvi evwnbxi
GKwU Ask‡K †kvi‡Mvj ˆZix Kivi Rb¨ †cQ‡b †i‡L ‡`b, hv‡Z †ivgvbiv g‡b K‡i gymwjg‡ì mvnvh¨ Kivi Rb¨ AviI
ˆmb¨`j G‡m †cuŠ‡Q‡Q| nÆ‡Mvj ï‡b †ivgvbiv fxZ n‡q GKch©v‡q AvµgY eÜ K‡i ‡`q| GgbwK G Ae¯’vq
Lvwj`(iv.) AvµgY eÜ Ki‡j Zviv AZ¨š— Avbw›`Z n‡q hvq| Gici, Lvwj`(iv.) hy‡×i gq`vb †_‡K Zvi ˆmb¨`j
cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i ‡bb Ges `jej wb‡q g`xbvq wd‡i Av‡mb| hwÌ G hy‡× gymwjgiv weRqx ev civwRZ †KvbUvB
nqwb, wKš‘ Zv‡ì AR©b wQj D‡jL‡hvM¨|
G hy‡× AskMÖnbKvix gymwjg‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡KB RvbZ †h, cÖwZwU g~û‡Z© g„Zz¨ Zv‡ì nvZQvwb w`‡q WvK‡Q,
wKš‘ Zvic‡iI Zviv ex‡ii g‡Zv hy× K‡i‡Q Ges g„Zz¨‡K wbf©‡q Avwj½b K‡i‡Q| KviY, Avjvni Rb¨ nZ¨v Ki‡Z ev
Rxeb w`‡Z gymwjgiv Avw`ó| Avi, Avjvni Rb¨ hy× Kiv n‡”Q wewb‡qv‡Mi mePvB‡Z jvfevb †¶Î| GUvB n‡”Q
wRnv` wd mvwewjjvn| AvjvnZvqvjv cweÎ †KviAv‡b e‡j‡Qb,
ÒwbðqB, Avjvn Rvbœv‡Zi wewbg‡q gyÕwgb‡ì Rvb I gvj wK‡b wb‡q‡Qb| Zviv Avjvni c‡_ hy× K‡i, hv‡Z Zviv
[KL‡bv] nZ¨v K‡i Ges [KL‡bv] wbnZ nq| G mZ¨ A½xKvi Kiv n‡q‡Q ZvIivZ, BwÄj Ges KziAv‡b| Avi, †K Av‡Q †h
Avjvn A‡c¶v A½xKvi cvj‡b AwaK mZëv`x? AZGe, †Zvgiv Avb›` Ki‡Z _v‡Kv ‡Zvgv‡ì GB µq-weµ‡qi Dci hv
†Zvgiv m¤úv`b K‡iQ, Avi GUvB n‡”Q Pzovš— mdjZv|Ó [myiv ZIevt 111]
Avi, G Kvi‡YB wbwðZ g„Zyï gy‡LvgywL `vuwo‡qI G hy‡×i bvqKiv ex‡ii g‡Zv hy× K‡i‡Q| Zviv GUvI cÖgvY
K‡i‡Q †h, hy× Qvov gymwjg‡ì Rb¨ hw` Ab¨ †Kvb c_ ‡Lvjv bv _v‡K, Zvn‡j Zv‡ì Aek¨B hy× Ki‡Z n‡e| ‡m‡¶‡Î,
wbwðZ g„Zzï wefxwlKv KL‡bvB we‡eP¨ welq n‡e bv| Avi, wRnv‡ì †¶‡ÎI kÎ“c‡¶i msL¨v, kw³mvg_©¨,
A¯¿m¯¿ G¸‡jv we‡eP¨ welq n‡e bv, eis j¶¨ AR©bB n‡e g~j welq, Zvi Rb¨ h‡Zv eo Z¨v‡MiB cÖ‡qvRb †nvK bv
†Kb wKsev Zvi djvdj hvB †nvK bv †Kb|
gymwjg‡ì mv‡_ †ivgvb‡ì GB hy× wQj AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y©, †h Rb¨ g„Zz¨ wbwðZ †R‡bI gymwjg †mbvbvqK‡ì
hy×‡¶‡Î kÎ“‡K gyKvwejv Kiv Qvov Avi †Kvb Dcvq wQj bv| e¯‘Zt gymwjg‡ì g„Zzï f‡q KL‡bvB fxZ nIqv
DwPZ bv| Avi, bv Zv‡ì Avjvni c‡_ wRnv` Kiv e¨ZxZ wØZxq †Kvb welq wPšv— Kiv DwPZ| G hy‡×i ïi“ †_‡KB
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Rvb‡Zb †ivgvb mvgªv‡Rï mxgv‡š— Zv‡ì kw³kvjx ˆmbëvwnbxi gy‡LvgywL `vuov‡bv
K‡ZvUv wec`RbK| wKš‘, kÎ“c‡¶i Aš‡i— fxwZ Qwo‡q †`qvi Rb¨ GUv LyeB Kvh©Kix Dcvq wQj| Avi mg¯—
wek¦evmx‡K GUv †`Lv‡bvI cÖ‡qvRb wQj †h, msL¨vq bMb¨ nIqv m‡Ë¡I wek¦vmxiv wKfv‡e ïay Zv‡ì AZzjbxq
Cgvbx kw³‡K cyuwR K‡i, Zv‡ì i‡ei mš‘wói Rb¨ `y`©vš— mvnwmKZvi mv‡_ kÎ“‡K gyKvwejv Ki‡Z cv‡i|
cÖKZ… A‡_©, wRnv`B n‡”Q GKgvÎ Dcvq, hvi gva¨‡g gymwjgiv bZzb bZzb f~-LÛ Rq K‡i †mLv‡b Bmjv‡gi
ûKzg-AvnKvg ev¯evqb— Ki‡Z cv‡i, Qwo‡q w`‡Z cv‡i Bmjv‡gi Av‡jvwKZ Avnevb wek¦e¨vcx| Avi, G hy× g~jZt
gymwjg‡ì Acwinvh© †mB wRnv‡ì Rb¨B cÖ¯‘Z K‡iwQj, mvd‡jï mv‡_ †¶Î ˆZix K‡iwQj cieZ©x‡Z †ivgvb‡ì
mv‡_ msNwUZ ZveyK hy‡×i| gyÕZvi hy× ‡ivgvb‡ì GZ †ekx bvov w`‡qwQj †h, cieZ©x‡Z gymwjgiv Avj-kvg
Rq Kiv bv ch©š— `ytmvnmx G evwnbxi gy‡LvgywL nevi m¤¢vebvB wQj †ivgvb‡ì AvZ‡¼i e¨vcvi|
49
g°v weRqt
KzivBk‡ì mv‡_ Avjvni ivmyj(mv.)Gi û`vBweqv Pzw³ ¯^v¶wiZ nevi ciciB LyhvAvÕn †MvÎ gynv¤§`(mv.)Gi
wbivcËvq P‡j Av‡m Ges eby eKi KzivBk‡ì c¶ †bq| Gici †_‡K Avjvni ivmy‡ji mv‡_ KzivBk‡ì kvwšc~Y©—
m¤úK©B eRvq _v‡K Ges Dfqc¶B Avevi eëmvevwYR¨ ïi“ K‡i| gymwjg‡ì mv‡_ msNwUZ wewfbœ hy‡×i ¶wZ
cywl‡q †bqvi Rb¨ KzivBkiv Zv‡ì eëmvi †¶Î‡K we¯Z…— K‡i| Gw`‡K, Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) mgMÖ gvbeRvwZi
Kv‡Q Bmjv‡gi Avnevb Qwo‡q †èvi cvkvcvwk Avie f~-L‡Û Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Ae¯’vb‡K mymsnZ I kw³kvjx K‡ib
Ges Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Af¨šixb— wbivcËvi e¨vcv‡i †Rvi †`b|
Lvqev‡i Bû`x‡ì KZ©Z¡… aŸsm Kivi ci wZwb(mv.) wewfbœ iv‡Rï AwacwZ‡ì Kv‡Q Zuvi `~Z cvwV‡q
ewn©we‡k¦i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vcb K‡ib| wZwb(mv.) Bmjvgx iv‡óªi KZ©Z¡‡K… we¯Z…— K‡i Ggb ch©v‡q
wb‡q Av‡mb †h, GKch©v‡q mg¯— Avie f~-L‡Û Bmjv‡gi QvqvZ‡j P‡j Av‡m| Gici, û`vBweqv mwÜi wVK
GKeQi c~Y© n‡j wZwb(mv.) mvnvex‡ì Kvhv Dgivn Av`v‡qi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z e‡jb, †h Dgivn cvjb Ki‡Z
Av‡Mi eQi Zv‡ì KzivBkiv euvav w`‡qwQj| G D‡Ï‡k¨ `yB mnmª gymwjg hvÎv K‡i| Pzw³i kZ© Abyhvqx G mgq
Zv‡ì mv‡_ ïay †Kvle× Z‡jvqvi Qvov Avi †KvbwKQzB wQj bv|
wKš‘, Zvic‡iI KzivBkiv †h †Kvb mgq wek¦vmNvZKZv Ki‡Z cv‡i GK_v gv_vq †i‡L wZwb(mv.) gynv¤§` Beb
gvmjvgvni †bZ‡Z¡… A¯¿m‡¯¿ mw¾Z 100 Ak¦v‡ivnxi GKwU `j‡K Dgivn hvÎx‡ì mvg‡b iv‡Lb| g°vi cweÎZv bó
Kiv wKsev Pzw³f½ Kiv †KvbUvB Zv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ wQj bv| Gici, gymwjgiv †KvbiKg msNl© ev `~NUbv QvovB g°vq
hvq, Dgivn cvjb K‡i wbivc‡` g`xbvq wd‡i Av‡m| ivmyj(mv.) Dgivn cvjb K‡i g`xbvq wd‡i Avmvi ci g°vi RbMY
Bmjvg MÖnb Ki‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i| Lvwj` Beb Avj-Iqvwj`, ÕAvgi Beb Avj-ÕAvm Ges Kvevi i¶K ÕDmgvb Beb Zvjnv
mn g°vi wecyj msL¨K gvbyl Bmjv‡gi QvqvZ‡j P‡j Av‡m| d‡j, w`‡b w`‡b gymwjgiv kw³kvjx n‡q D‡V| Avi,
Ab¨w`‡K `~e©jZv Avi AvZ¼ KzivBk‡ì MÖvm K‡i|
gyÕZvi hy‡× gymwjgiv e¨vcK ¶q¶wZi m¤§yLxb nIqvq KzivBkiv a‡iB †bq †h, gymwjgiv wbt‡kl n‡q †M‡Q|
GRb¨, Zviv Zv‡ì wgÎc¶ eby eKi‡K eby LyhvAvÕ †MvÎ‡K Avµg‡Yi BÜb †hvMv‡Z _v‡K| Gj‡¶¨, Zviv Zv‡ì
cÖ‡qvRbxq A¯¿m¯¿ w`‡qI mvnvh¨ K‡i| KzivBk‡ì cÖ‡ivPbvq eby eKi LyhvAvÕ †MvÎ‡K AvµgY K‡i Zv‡ì
wKQy e¨w³‡K nZ¨v K‡i| Avi, evKxiv wbivcËvi Avkvq cvwj‡q g`xbvq P‡j Av‡m| LyhvAvÕ †Mv‡Îi ÕAvgi Beb
mvwjg `ª“Z gynv¤§`(mv.)Gi wM‡q mg¯— NUbv Ly‡j e‡j Ges mvnv‡hï Av‡e`b K‡i| gynv¤§`(mv.) Zv‡K
Avk¦vm w`‡q e‡jb,Ò‡Zvgviv mvnvh¨cÖvß n‡e, †n ÕAvgi Beb mvwjg|Ó
G ch©v‡q, Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) KzivBk‡ì G wek¦vmNvZKZv‡K D‡c¶v bv Kivi wm×vš— †bb Ges wZwb(mv.)
GUvI fv‡eb †h, g°v weRq bv Kiv ch©š— G mgm¨vi †Kvb mgvavb Kiv m¤¢e bv| Gw`‡K, Pzw³ f½ K‡i KzivBkiv
AZ¨š— fxZ n‡q hvq| Zviv Pzw³‡K AviI kw³kvjx Kivi j‡¶¨ Pzw³i mgq e„w× Kivi Rb¨ Avey mywdqvb‡K g`xbvq
†cÖiY K‡i| Avey mywdqvb mivmwi gynv¤§`(mv.)Gi Kv‡Q bv wM‡q cÖ_‡g Zvi Kb¨v I ivmyj(mv.)Gi ¯¿x D¤§
nvexevi Kv‡Q hvq| M„‡n cÖ‡ek Kivi ci, †m hLb ivmyj(mv.)Gi weQvbvq em‡Z hvq D¤§ nvexevn& `ª“Z weQvbv
¸wU‡q †d‡jb †hb Avey mywdqvb †mLv‡b em‡Z bv cv‡i| Avey mywdqvb Zv‡K wR‡Ám K‡i †h, Avwg wK GB
weQvbvi A‡hvM¨, bv wK GB weQvbvB Avgvi A‡hvM¨? DË‡i D¤§ nvexevn& e‡jb,ÒGUv n‡”Q Avjvni
ivmyj(mv.)Gi weQvbv| Avi Zzwg n‡”Qv GKRb N„wYZ gykwiK| myZivs, Avwg PvB bv †h Zzwg Zvui weQvbvq
e‡mv|Ó G K_vi DË‡i Avey mywdqvb e‡j,ÒAvjvni Kmg! Avgv‡K †Q‡o Avmvi ci †Zvgvi A‡bK AatcZb n‡q‡Q|Ó
Zvici, D‡ËwRZ n‡q D¤§ nvexevÕi M„n †_‡K †ewo‡q hvq|
cieZ©x‡Z, Avey mywdqvb †Kvbµ‡g ivmyj(mv.)Gi mv‡_ mv¶vr K‡i Ges Zvu‡K Pzw³i mgq e„w×i AvKzj Av‡e`b
Rvbvq| wKš‘, Zvi G Av‡e`‡b ivmyj(mv.) †Kvb mvov bv w`‡q Zv‡K cy‡ivcywi D‡c¶v K‡ib| Gici, Avey mywdqvb
Avey eK‡ii Kv‡Q Qz‡U hvq Ges Zvu‡K ivmyj(mv.)Gi Kv‡Q G wel‡q Av‡e`b Kivi Rb¨ Aby‡iva K‡i| Avey
eKi(iv.) Zv‡K cÖZ¨vLvb K‡ib| Gici, †m ÕIgi Beb LvËv‡ei Kv‡Q Qz‡U hvq, wKš‘, ÕIgi(iv.) Zv‡K agK w`‡q
e‡j,ÒZzwg wK Avkv Ki †h, Avwg †Zvgvi c¶ n‡q Avjvni ivmy‡ji Kv‡Q Av‡e`b Ki‡ev? Avjvni Kmg, hw` Avgvi
Kv‡Q GKwU gvÎ wccovI _vKZ Z‡e, Zv w`‡qB Avwg †Zvgvi mv‡_ hy× KiZvg|Ó †kl ch©š,— †m ÕAvjx Beb
Avwe Zvwj‡ei mv‡_ mv¶vr K‡i| wZwb ZLb dvwZgv(iv.)Gi mv‡_ wQ‡jb| Avey mywdqvb ÕAvjx(iv.)†K Zvi c¶
n‡q Avjvni ivmy‡ji Kv‡Q Av‡e`b Ki‡Z Aby‡iva Ki‡j ÕAvjx(iv.) e‡jb, Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) hLb †Kvb wel‡q
gbw¯’i K‡ib ZLb †m wel‡q Zvu‡K weiZ ivLvi †Póv Kiv A_©nxb| Gici, †m dvwZgv(iv.)Gi w`‡K Ny‡i Zvui mšvb
— nvmvb(iv.)†K Zv‡ì wbivcËv †èvi Av‡e`b K‡i| Gi DË‡i wZwb e‡jb,Ò‡Zvgv‡K GKgvÎ Avjvni ivmyj(mv.)
Qvov †KD wbivcËv w`‡Z cvi‡e bv|Ó
50
G ch©v‡q Avey mywdqvb gwiqv n‡q `ª“ZMwZ‡Z g°vq wd‡i hvq Ges KzivBk‡ì AwfÁZvi K_v Ly‡j e‡j|
BwZg‡a¨, Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) mvnvex‡ì hy‡×i Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z wb‡Z e‡jb Ges wZwb(mv.) Zvui `jej mn g°vi w`‡K
hvÎv K‡ib| wZwb(mv.) Zvui ˆmbëvwnbx wb‡q AvPgKv Dcw¯’Z n‡q KzivBk‡ì nZwenej K‡i w`‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb,
†hb AcÖ¯‘Z Ae¯’vq Zviv ek¨Zv ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z eva¨ nq Ges webv i³cv‡ZB g°v weRq Kiv hvq|
g°v weRq Awfhv‡b 10,000 gymwjg ˆmb¨ g`xbv †_‡K hvÎv K‡i| KzivBk‡ì ARv‡šB— Zviv g°vi gvÎ cvuP
wK‡jvwgUvi `~ieZ©x gvi Avj-`vn&ivb GjvKvq †cuŠ‡Q hvq| KzivBkiv BwZg‡a¨B AvuP Ki‡Z _v‡K †h,
gymwjgiv Zv‡ì †h †Kvb mgq AvµgY Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Zv‡ì †bZ¯…’vbxqiv GB AvµgY cÖwZnZ Kivi e¨vcv‡i
M‡elbvI Ki‡Z _v‡K| G Ae¯’vq KzivBk‡ì A‡NvwlZ m`©vi Avey mywdqv‡bi bI gymwjg Avj-ÕAveŸv‡mi mv‡_
mv¶vr n‡q hvq| †m Zvi KvQ †_‡K g°vi Dci Nwb‡q Avmv m¤¢ve¨ wec` m¤ú‡K© AewnZ nq| G mgq wZwb
ivmyj(mv.)Gi mv`v i‡Oi L”P‡ii Dci Av‡ivnb KiwQ‡jb, †hb KzivBkiv eyS‡Z cv‡i †h, nq Zv‡ì ivmyj(mv.)Gi
Kv‡Q wbivcËv PvB‡Z n‡e A_ev wbwðZ aŸs‡mi Rb¨ A‡c¶v Ki‡Z n‡e| KviY, gymwjg‡ì GB mymw¾Z wekvj
evwnbx‡K gyKvwejv Kivi †Kvb DcvqB ZLb KzivBk‡ì wQj bv| Avj-ÕAveŸvm Avey mywdqvb‡K
e‡jb,Ò‡`L‡Qv †Zv Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) wekvj evwnbx wb‡q Dcw¯’Z| Zv‡ì hw` †Rvic~e©K g°vq cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z nq,
Zvn‡j g‡b nq †Zvgv‡ì ayjvi mv‡_ wg‡k †h‡Z n‡e|Ó Avey mywdqvb e¨vKzj n‡q Zv‡K wR‡Ám K‡i,ÒG Ae¯’vq
Avgv‡K wK Ki‡Z n‡e ZvB ej?Ó wZwb ZLb Zv‡K Zvi L”P‡ii wc‡V Av‡ivnb Ki‡Z e‡jb Ges ivmyj(mv.)Gi mv‡_
mv¶vr K‡i Zvui Kv‡Q wbivcËv Kvgbv Ki‡Z e‡jb| gymwjg‡ì QvDbx AwZµg Kivi mgq Zviv Igi(iv.) Gi Av¸‡bi
cvk w`‡q AwZµg K‡i| ÕIgi(iv.) ivmyj(mv.)Gi L”Pi Ges Zv‡ì wPikÎ“ Avey mywdqvb‡K wP‡b †d‡jb|
cwiw¯’wZ eyS‡Z †c‡i, ÕAveŸvm(iv.) Avey mywdqv‡bi cÖvY wf¶vi Av‡e`b Ki‡Z D`¨vZ n‡jb| wKš‘, Zvi
Av‡MB w¶cÖMwZ‡Z ÕIgi(iv.) Avjvni ivmy‡ji Zvueyi w`‡K Qz‡U †M‡jb| D‡Ïk¨ cÖv‡Yi kÎ“i †`n †_‡K M`©vb
bvwg‡q †djvi AbygwZ cÖv_©bv Kiv| G Ae¯’vq Zvi L”Pi‡K `ª“Z‡e‡M Pvwj‡q ÕIg‡ii Av‡MB †cuŠ‡Q †M‡jb
ivmyj(mv.)Gi Zuvey‡Z| wPrKvi K‡i ej‡jb,Ò‡n Avjvni ivmyj! Avwg Zv‡K(Avey mywdqvb) Avgvi c¶ †_‡K
wbivcËv w`‡qwQ|Ó Gici, ÕAveŸvm(iv.) Ges ÕIgi(iv.) g‡a¨ G welq‡K †K›`ª K‡i Zzgyj weZ©K Avi¤ ¢ nq|
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) AveŸvm(iv.)†K e‡jb,ÒAvcwb G‡K Avcbvi M„‡n wdwi‡q wb‡q hvb Ges AvMvgxKvj mKv‡j
Zv‡K wb‡q Av‡mb|Ó ciw`b, Zv‡K Avjvni ivmy‡ji Kv‡Q wb‡q Avmv nq Ges †m Bmjvg MÖnb K‡i|
Gici, AveŸvm(iv.) ivmyj(mv.)†K e‡jb,Ò‡n Avjvni ivmyj! Avey mywdqvb Ggb GKRb gvbyl, †h memgqB gvby‡li
gv‡S m¤§vwbZ n‡Z fvjev‡m| Avcwb wK G e¨vcv‡i wKQz Ki‡eb?Ó GK_v †kvbvi ci ivmyj(mv.) †Nvlbv
w`‡jb,Ò‡h Avey mywdqv‡bi M„‡n cÖ‡ek Ki‡e †m wbivc`| †h wbR M„‡n ìRv eÜ K‡i Ae¯’vb Ki‡e †m wbivc`|
†h KvevN‡i Ae¯’vb Ki‡e †mI wbivc`|Ó Gici, Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Avey mywdqvb‡K Pzuovi GKwU As‡k `vuo
Kwi‡q w`‡jb †hb, gymwjg‡ì wekvj evwnbx Zv‡K AwZµg Kivi mgq †m Zv †`L‡Z cvq| Gici, †m `ª“ZMwZ‡Z
g°vq wd‡i G‡m wPrKvi K‡i †Nvlbv ‡`q,Ò‡Zvgiv †kvb, Avjvni ivmyj, gynv¤§` Zvui wekvj evwnbx wb‡q g°vi
ØvicÖv‡š— Dcw¯’Z, hv‡ì gyKvwejv Kivi †Kvb mvg_©¨B †Zvgv‡ì †bB| myZivs, †h Avey mywdqv‡bi M„‡n
cÖ‡ek Ki‡e, †m wbivcËv jvf Ki‡e| †h wbRM„‡n ìRv eÜ K‡i _vK‡e, †m wbivcËv jvf Ki‡e| Avi, †h KvevM„‡n
Ae¯’vb Ki‡e †mI wbivcËv jvf Ki‡e|Ó G †Nvlbv †kvbvi ci KzivBkiv mg¯— cÖwZ‡iva DwV‡q †bq| Gici, Avjvni
ivmyj(mv.) mZ©KZvi mv‡_ g°vq cÖ‡ek K‡ib| wZwb(mv.) Zvui wekvj ‰mbëvwnbx‡K PviwU fvM K‡iwQ‡jb
Ges wbZvš— eva¨ bv n‡j †KvbcÖKvi i³cvZ Ki‡Z wb‡la K‡iwQ‡jb| gymwjg evwnbx webv euvavq weRqx †e‡k
g°vq cÖ‡ek K‡i| ïaygvÎ, Lvwj` Beb Avj-Iqvwj‡ì evwnbx‡K wKQzUv cÖwZ‡iv‡ai m¤§yLxb n‡Z n‡qwQj, †hUv
wZwb `ª“Z wb®úwË K‡iwQ‡jb|
Gici, Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) g°vi D”Pf~wg †_‡K †b‡g Av‡mb| ZvIqvd Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ KvevN‡ii w`‡K GwM‡q hvevi
Av‡M wZwb(mv.) G ¯’v‡b wKQz¶b †_‡gwQ‡jb| Gici wZwb(mv.) mvZevi KvÕev Ni cÖ`w¶b K‡i ÕDmgvb Beb
Zvjnvn&‡K KvÕev N‡ii ìRv †Lvjvi wb‡`©k †`b| G mgq mg¯— RbmvaviY Zvui cv‡k mg‡eZ nq| Zv‡ì D‡Ïk¨
K‡i wZwb(mv.) cweÎ ‡KviAv‡bi wb‡gœv³ AvqvZwU wZjIqvZ K‡ib, ‡hLv‡b AvjvnZvqvjv ej‡Qb,
Ò‡n gvbeRvwZ! Avgiv †Zvgv‡ì‡K GK‡Rvov gvbe-gvbex †_‡K m„wó K‡iwQ| Zvici, †Zvgv‡ì wewfbœ RvwZ I
†Mv‡Î wef³ K‡iwQ †hb †Zvgiv ci¯úi ci¯úi‡K wPb‡Z cvi| wbðqB, Avjvni `„wó‡Z †mB mePvB‡Z †ekx m¤§vwbZ hvi
ZvKIqv mePvB‡Z †ekx| Verily, Allah is All-Knowing, All-Aware.Ó [myiv Avj-ûRyivZt 13]
Zvici, wZwb(mv.) KzivBk‡ì D‡Ïk¨ K‡i e‡jb,Ò‡n KzivBkiv, †Zvgiv AvR Avgvi KvQ †_‡K wK AvPib Avkv
K‡iv?Ó DË‡i Zviv e‡j,Òfv‡jv, KviY Zzwg Avgv‡ì gnr fvB, Avgv‡ì gnr fvB‡qi mšvb|Ó— wZwb(mv.)
ej‡jb,Ò‡Zvgiv GLb gy³, †Zvgiv †h †hLv‡b

51
PvI †h‡Z cvi|Ó KvÕevi †fZ‡ii †`qv‡j hZ †d‡ikZv I bex‡ì Qwe Aw¼Z wQj, wZwb(mv.) †m mewKQz wQu‡o
†djvi wb‡`©k †`b| wZwb(mv.) Kv‡Vi ‰Zix GKwU NyNy cvwL KvÕevi †fZi Avwe¯‹vi K‡ib, hv wZwb(mv.)
wbRnv‡Z †f‡½ Qzu‡o †d‡j †`b| me‡k‡l, KvÕevi †fZ‡ii AmsL¨ g~wZ¸‡jvi w`‡K Zvui nv‡Zi jvwV w`‡q wb‡`©k
K‡i wZwb(mv.) cweÎ †KviAv‡bi bx‡Pi AvqvZwU wZjIqvZ K‡ib,
ÒGes ejt mZ¨ G‡m‡Q Ges wg_¨v wbwðý n‡q‡Q| wbðqB, wg_¨v‡K ‡Zv wbwðý n‡ZB n‡e|Ó [myiv Avj-Bmivt 81]
Gici, KvÕev N‡ii Af¨š‡ii— g~wZ©¸‡jv G‡K G‡K gvwU‡Z c‡i ‡Mj, Zvici †m¸‡jv‡K ‡f‡½, cywo‡q KvÕevi
cÖv½b †_‡K mwi‡q †djv nj| Avi, Gfv‡eB †klch©š,— cweÎ KvÕevNi gykwiK‡ì AcweÎZv †_‡K gyw³ †cj|
Gici, Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) c‡bi w`b g°vq Ae¯’vb Ki‡jb| Gi g‡a¨, g°vi kvmb Kvh©vejx web¨¯— K‡ib Ges
Rbmvavib‡K Bmjvg wk¶v †`b|
Gfv‡e, g°v cy‡ivcywi †cŠËwjK‡ì Kej †_‡K gy³ nq Ges ‡klch©š— Bmjvgx `vIqv‡Zi c‡_ Ab¨Zg e¯‘MZ euvav
AcmvwiZ nq| Gic‡iI Avie DcØx‡c wKQz wKQz ¶z`ª I wew”Qbœ cÖwZ‡iva ejq †_‡K hvq †hgbt ûbvqyb,
ZvÕwqd BZ¨vw`| G kni¸‡jv Rq K‡i †bqvi ciB g~jZ mgMÖ Avie f~-L‡Û gymwjg‡ì Pzovš— weRq AwR©Z nq|
Avi, cÖKZc‡¶,… g°v weR‡qi ci G ¶z`ª cÖwZ‡iva ejq¸‡jv‡K †f‡½ †`qv gymwjg‡ì Rb¨ we‡kl KwVb KvRI wQj
bv|
ûbvqy‡bi hy×t
nvIqvwRb †Mv‡Îi †jv‡Kiv hLb ïb‡Z †cj wKfv‡e gymwjgiv g°v Rq K‡i wb‡q‡Q, ZLb Zviv Avk¼v Ki‡Z jvMj †h,
ZvivI nqZ gymwjg‡ì Avµg‡Yi wkKvi n‡Z cv‡i wKsev Zv‡ì Nievox gymwjg‡ì nv‡Z aŸsm n‡Z cv‡i| GRb¨, m¤
¢ve¨ G wec` gyKvwejvi Rb¨ Zviv hy‡×i cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z ïi“ Kij| gvwjK Beb ÕAvDd Avj-bv`wi nvIqvwRb I eby
QvwKd †Mv‡Îi ‡hv×v‡ì GKwÎZ K‡i gymwjg‡ì AvµgY Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv K‡i DZvm DcZ¨Kvq †cuŠQvj|
g°v weR‡qi 15 w`b ci nvIqvwRb I eby QvwKd †Mv‡Îi †a‡q Avmv G ‰mbëvwnbxi msev` gymwjg‡ì Kv‡Q
†cuŠQvj| mv‡_ mv‡_ Zviv Zv‡ì‡K gyKvwejv Kivi cÖ¯‘wZ wbj| Gw`‡K, gvwjK Zvi ˆmb¨`j mn DZvm DcZ¨Kvq
Ae¯’vb †bqvi cwie‡Z© DcZ¨Kvi mePvB‡Z `~M©g AÂj ûbvqyb GjvKvq Ae¯’vb wbj| GLv‡b, †m LyeB
mZ©KZvi mv‡_ †KŠkjMZ fv‡e ¸i“Z¡c~Y© ¯’v‡b Zvi evwnbx‡K mw¾Z Kij| gymwjgiv DcZ¨Kvq cÖ‡ek Kiv
gvÎB †m Zvi evwnbx‡K AvµgY Kivi wb‡`©k w`‡qwQj, hv‡Z gymwjg evwnbx AZwK©Z Avµg‡Y w`‡knviv n‡q
QÎf½ n‡q hvq| AZ¨š— mZ©KZvi mv‡_ cy‡iv cwiKíbv K‡i Zviv DcZ¨Kvq gymwjg‡ì AvMg‡bi A‡c¶v Ki‡Z
jvMj|
Gi wKQzw`‡bi g‡a¨B gymwjgiv ûbvqyb DcZ¨Kvq cÖ‡ek K‡i| Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) g°v †_‡K `yB mnmª †hv×v Ges
g°v weR‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ AvMZ AviI 10,000 †hv×v wb‡q hvÎv K‡ib| GB Aciv‡Rq evwnbx wb‡q wZwb(mv.)
we‡Kj‡ejvq ûbvqy‡bi DcZ¨Kvq †cuŠQvb| GLv‡b Zvuiv ciw`b mye‡n mvw`K ch©š— wekªvg wb‡q G‡Kev‡i
Dlvj‡Mœ DcZ¨Kvi Af¨š‡i— hvÎv K‡ib| gymwjg‡ì †mbvevwnbx hLb DcZ¨Kvi Af¨š‡i— cÖ‡ek KiwQj ZLb
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Zvui mv`v L”P‡ii wc‡V Av‡ivnb K‡i Zvui ˆmbëvwnbxi †cQ‡bi w`‡K wQ‡jb| Gici,
nvIqvwR‡bi †bZv gvwj‡Ki cwiKíbv Abyhvqx ïi“ nq kÎ“c‡¶i AZwK©Z AvµgY| AÜKvi †f` K‡i PZz©w`K †_‡K
e„wói g‡Zv ek©vi AvNvZ Avm‡Z _v‡K| AZ©wKZ G Avµg‡Y ¶Zwe¶Z n‡q gymwjg evwnbx w`‡knviv n‡q hvq|
AvµgY ‡h‡nZz PZz©w`K †_‡K AvmwQj, gymwjgiv PZy©g~Lx G AvµgY‡K wK K‡i cÖwZnZ Ki‡e Zv ey‡S
DV‡Z cviwQj bv| Zvici, f‡q AvZ‡¼ ‡KD Kv‡iv w`‡K j¶¨ bv K‡i cÖvY evuPv‡Z †h †hw`K cv‡i cvwj‡q hvq| Zviv
`‡j `‡j gynv¤§`(mv.) Gi cvk w`‡q †`Š‡o cvjvw”Qj Ges Zvui w`‡KI j¶¨ KiwQj bv wKsev Zvui Rb¨ A‡c¶v KiwQj
bv| †klch©š— ïay Avj-ÕAveŸvm Ges Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) hy×‡¶‡Î i‡q †M‡jb| GQvov, evKx mevB civwRZ n‡q
wbR wbR Rxeb i¶vq cvwj‡q evuPj| gynv¤§`(mv.) †hLv‡b wQ‡jb †mLv‡bB `vuwo‡q _vK‡jb, Zvui Pvicv‡k iBj
ïay Avbmvi, gynvwRi I Zvui cwiev‡ii m¤^b‡q MwVZ †QvÆ GKwU `j| wZwb(mv.) Zvui †jvK‡ì †W‡K
ej‡jb,ÒI‡n gvby‡liv, †Zvgiv †Kv_vq hv”Q?Ó wKš‘, Zviv g„Zz¨ f‡q fxZ n‡q Zvui Avnevb ïb‡Z e¨ © nj Ges †cQb
w`‡K bv ZvwK‡q cvjv‡Z _vKj| nvIqvwRb I QvwKd †Mv‡Îi †jv‡Kiv Zv‡ì avIqv K‡i hv‡K †hLv‡b †cj nZ¨v Kij|
GwU wQj Avjvni ivmy‡ji Rxe‡bi mePvB‡Z RwUj I m¼Uc~Y© GK AwfÁZv| G Awfhv‡bi Pig nZvkvRbK
cwimgvwß wQj Zvui Kv‡Q AwPšbxq|— mvnvev, Zvui kw³kvjx evwnbx I g°vi bI gymwjg‡ì cyY© D‡`¨‡g
cjvqbci Ae¯’vi g‡a¨ wZwb(mv.) `„p wP‡Ë AwePj fv‡e

52
`vuwo‡q _vK‡jb| Zv‡ì‡K wd‡i Avmvi Rb¨ evievi Avnevb Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| G‡ì g‡a¨ hviv Lye m¤cÖwZ(g°v
weR‡qi ci) Bmjvg MÖnb K‡iwQj, Zviv cÖKv‡k¨B Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ N„Yv I we‡Øl cÖKvk Ki‡Z jvMj| Zviv
gymwjg‡ì G civR‡q we‡Ø‡l c~Y© Avb›` cÖKvk Ki‡Z jvMj| Kvj`v Beb nv¤^j ejj,ÒwbðqB, AvR mg¯—
hv`y‡Uvbvi civRq n‡q‡Q|Ó kvqev Beb ÕDmgvb Beb Zvjnv ejj,ÒAvR Avgvi gynv¤§‡ì Dci cÖwZ‡kva †bevi w`b|
Ó Avey mywdqvb Dcnv‡mi mv‡_ ejj,ÒZv‡ì (†mbvevwnbxi) G cjvqb _vg‡e bv, hZ¶b ch©š— bv Zviv mgy`ª Zx‡i
†cuŠQvq|Ó
GiKg GKUv wbwðZ civR‡qi m¤¢vebv g~jZt Zv‡ì cjvqb‡KB Zivwš^Z K‡iwQj, hviv g°vq Lye m¤cÖwZ Bmjvg
MÖnb K‡iwQj Ges wb‡R‡ì nxb D‡Ïk¨ I cÖKZ… †Pnviv Avovj Ki‡Z Avjvni ivmyj(mv.)Gi mv‡_ G kixK
n‡qwQj| GUv ejvi A‡c¶v iv‡L bv †h, G mgq gynv¤§`(mv.) †h KwVb Ae¯’vi m¤§yLxb n‡qwQ‡jb, Zv wQj AZ¨š
— RNb¨| wKš‘, wcQz n‡U hvevi †Kvb wPšv— bv K‡i, wZwb(mv.) AwePj wP‡Ë hy×‡¶‡Î `vuwo‡q _vK‡jb Ges
Zvui mv`v L”P‡ii wc‡V Av‡ivnb K‡i kÎ“c‡¶i w`‡K GwM‡q †h‡Z _vK‡jb| G mgq Zuvi PvPv Avj-ÕAveŸvm Beb
ÕAve` Avj-gyËvwje ivmyj(mv.) Gi mv‡_ wQ‡jb| Avi, Avey mywdqvb Beb Avj-nvwiQ Beb ÕAve` Avj gyËvwje
(not to be confused with Abu Sufyan ibn Harb Abu Mu’awiyah) ivmyj(mv.) Gi evn‡bi bv‡Ki iwk a‡i mv‡_ mv‡_
G¸‡Z _vK‡jb †hb, GwU †Kvb wec`RbK Ae¯’v‡bi w`‡K ‡h‡Z bv cv‡i| G ch©v‡q, Avj-ÕAveŸvm wPrKvi K‡i
ej‡jb,Ò‡n Avbmvi, hviv ‡Zvgiv Avjvni ivmyj‡K Avw_‡ZqZv I wbivcËv w`‡qQ! †n gynvwRi, hviv †Zvgiv e„‡¶i
bx‡P Zvui Kv‡Q kc_ K‡iQ! gynv¤§`(mv.) GLbI †eu‡P Av‡Q, myZivs, †Zvgiv wd‡i Avm|Ó
Avj-ÕAveŸv‡mi c~Ytc~Yt GB AvZ©bv` DcZ¨Kvi Pvwiw`‡K cÖwZaŸwbZ n‡Z jvM‡jv| civwRZ cjvqbci
gymwjgiv Ae‡k‡l Zvi Avnevb ïb‡Z †cj| Zv‡ì g‡b co‡jv Avjvni ivmy‡ji K_v| g‡b co‡jv wRnv‡ì `vwq‡Z¡i K_v|
mnmvB Zviv Abyfe Ki‡jv GB j¾vRbK civR‡qi fqven cwiYv‡gi K_v| Zviv Abyfe Ki‡jv, hw` GLv‡b AvR
†cŠËwjKiv Zv‡ì ¸uwo‡q †`q, Zvn‡j †h Øxb i¶vi Zviv wbt‡k‡l Rxeb w`‡q‡Q, Zvi cwimgvwß GLv‡bB NU‡e|
‡klch©š,— Avj-ÕAveŸv‡mi Avnev‡b mvov w`‡q Zviv ivmyj(mv.)Gi Pvwiw`‡K mgv‡eZ n‡Z jvM‡jv Ges c~Y©
D‡`¨g I mvnwmKZvi mv‡_ G‡K G‡K cyYivq hy‡× †hvM w`‡Z jvM‡jv| Gici Zviv AveviI GK wekvj evwnbx‡Z
cwiYZ nj Ges hy× fq¼i AvKvi aviY Ki‡jv| NUbvi G bvUKxq cwieZ©‡bi ci Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) ax‡i ax‡i weR‡qi
e¨vcv‡i wbwðZ n‡Z jvM‡jb Ges GK ch©v‡q, GKgy‡Vv bywo cv_i Zz‡j kÎ“c‡¶i w`‡K Qzu‡o w`‡q ej‡jb,ÒAvR
†Zvgv‡ì gyL a~wjgwjb †nvK!Ó
Gici, gymwjgiv Rxe‡bi c‡ivqv bv K‡i nvIqvwRb I QvKxd †Mv‡Îi wei“‡× Zxeª AvµgY Pvjvq| fq¼i G Avµg‡Yi
gy‡L wKQz¶‡bi g‡a¨B †cŠËwjKiv ey‡S hvq †h, hy×‡¶Î †_‡K cvwj‡q bv †M‡j aŸsm Awbevh©| cvjvevi mgq
Zviv Zv‡ì abm¤ú` I bvix‡ì †i‡L †d‡jB P‡j hvq, †h¸‡jv c‡i hy×jä m¤ú` wnmv‡e gymwjg‡ì n¯MZ— nq|
cjvqbci ‡cŠËwjK‡ì wcQz wcQz gymwjgiv avIqv K‡i Ges Zv‡ì g‡a¨ A‡bK‡K e›`x K‡i| GgbwK Zviv DcZ¨Kvi
†fZi jywK‡q _vKv gykwiK‡ìI Lyu‡R †ei K‡i nZ¨v K‡i| Zv‡ì `j‡bZv gvwjK Beb ÕAvDd Zv‡q‡d cvwj‡q wM‡q
Avkªq †bq| Gfv‡eB AvjvnZvqvjv gymwjg‡ì mvnvh¨ K‡ib Afvebxq GK mvdj¨ AR©b Ki‡Z| Ges G NUbv‡K †K›`ª
K‡i bx‡Pi AvqvZ¸‡jv bvwhj K‡ib,
ÒAek¨B Avjvn †Zvgv‡ì‡K hy‡× eû‡¶‡Î (Kvwdi‡ì Dci) weRqx K‡i‡Qb Ges ûbvqy‡bi w`‡bI, hLb msL¨vwa‡Kï
Me© †Zvgv‡ì‡K D¤§Ë K‡iwQj| AZtci, †Zvgv‡ì †mB msL¨vwaK¨ †Zvgv‡ì †KvbB Kv‡R Av‡mwb, Avi f~-c„ô
wb‡Ri cÖk¯Zv— m‡Ë¡I †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ m¼xY© n‡qwQj| AZtci, †Zvgiv c„ô cÖ`k©b c~e©K cjvqb Ki‡j| Zvici, Avjvn
wbR ivmy‡ji cÖwZ Ges Ab¨vb¨ Cgvb`vi‡ì cÖwZ wb‡Ri c¶ †_‡K mvwKbvn& (mvšbv,— ¯^w¯)— bvwhj Ki‡jb Ges
Ggb evwnbx (†d‡ikZv) cvVv‡jb hv‡ì‡K †Zvgiv †`L‡Z cvIwb| Avi, Kvwdi‡ì‡K kvw¯— cÖ`vb Ki‡jb| Avi, GUvB
n‡”Q Zv‡ì K‡g©i djvdj| AbšI— Avjvn hv‡K Pvb Zv‡K my‡hvM `vb K‡ib| Avi, Avjvn n‡”Qb AwZ ¶gvkxj, cig
Ki“Yvgq|Ó [myiv ZIevt 25-27]
kÎ“‡K civwRZ Kivi ci G hy‡× cÖPzi cwigvY abm¤ú` hy×jä gvjvgvj wnmv‡e gymwjg‡ì n¯MZ— n‡qwQj| G
hy‡× cÖvq wek nvRvi DU, Pwjk nvRvi †fov Ges Pvi nvRvi iƒcvi eg© gymwjg‡ì nv‡Z Av‡m| AmsL¨ †cŠËwjK
wbnZ nq| Avi, cÖvq Qq nvRvi †cŠËwjK hy×e›`x nq| G‡ì mevB‡K Iqvw` Avj-whÕivbvn bvgK ¯’v‡b wb‡q hvIqv
nq| gymwjg‡ì g‡a¨ wVK KZRb knx` n‡qwQj Zv Rvbv hvqwb| Z‡e, Zviv msL¨vq A‡bK wQj Ges wKQz mxiv‡Zi
eY©bv Abyhvqx cÖvq `y‡Uv gymwjg †MvÎ cy‡ivcywi wbwðý n‡q wM‡qwQj|
Gici, Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) hy×jä gvjvgvj I e›`x‡ì Avj-whÕivbvn‡Z †i‡L `jej wb‡q ZvÕwqd †NivI K‡ib, hv‡ì
Kv‡Q gvwjK Beb ÕAvDd civwRZ n‡q Avkªq wb‡qwQj| ZvÕwqd wQj eby QvwKd‡ì evm¯’vb| cy‡iv ZvÕwqd
bMix wQj myiw¶Z `~M© m`„k Ges G

53
AÂ‡ji ‡jv‡Kiv wQj Ae‡iva hy‡× cvi`k©x| GQvov, Giv wQj AZ¨š— weËkvjx I cÖPzi abm¤ú‡ì AwaKvix| eby
QvwKe †Mv‡Îi †jvK‡ì Zxi Pvjbvq wQj AmvaviY `¶Zv| gymwjg‡ì †Kvb `j bMixi w`‡K AMÖmi Kivi †Póv Kiv
gvÎB Zviv e„wói g‡Zv Zxi wb‡¶c K‡i gymwjg †hv×v‡ì nZ¨v KiwQj| wKQz¶‡bi g‡a¨B gymwjgiv ey‡S †d‡j †h,
`~‡M©i cÖwZi¶v eë¯’v aŸsm Kiv Zv‡ì Rb¨ AZ¨š— KwVb n‡e| GRb¨, Zviv gynv¤§`(mv.)Gi cieZ©x wb‡`©‡ki
A‡c¶vq kÎ“i Zx‡ii wbkvbvi evB‡i Ae¯’vb MÖnb K‡i| GgZve¯’vq, Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Kvgv‡bi g‡Zv ‡Mvjv
wb‡¶cKvix GK A‡¯¿i mvnv‡h¨ ZvÕwq‡di cÖwZi¶v eë¯’v ¸uwo‡q †èvi Rb¨ eby `vIm †Mv‡Îi mvnvh¨ PvB‡jb|
ZvÕwqd Ae‡iva Kivi Pviw`b ci `vIm †MvÎ Zv‡ì G hy×v¯¿ mn gymwjg‡ì mv‡_ †hvM ‡`q| Gici, gymwjgiv bZzb
G hy×v‡¯¿i mvnv‡h¨ `~M© AvµgY K‡i| Avi, U¨v‡¼i g‡Zv GK evn‡b P‡o gymwjgiv `~‡M©i †`qv‡ji
KvQvKvwQ wM‡q AvµgY Kivi †Póv KiwQj ‡hb Lye ZvovZvwoB `~‡M©i cÖwZi¶v †`qvj awm‡q †`qv hvq|
wKš‘, AMÖmi nIqv gvÎB ZvÕwq‡di †hv×viv Zv‡ì w`‡K R¡jš— avZzi UzKiv Qzu‡o gvi‡Z _v‡K hv‡Z U¨v¼¸‡jv
cyy‡o hvq Avi gymwjgiv AvZ¥i¶v‡ © cvjv‡Z _v‡K| G my‡hv‡M kÎ“c¶ Zv‡ì w`‡K e„wói g‡Zv Zxi wb‡¶c K‡i
gymwjg ‡hv×v‡ì A‡bK‡K nZ¨v K‡i| mivmwi `~M© aŸsm Ki‡Z bv †c‡i hy×‡KŠkj wnmv‡e gymwjgiv Zv‡ì
Av½yi evMvb †K‡U cywo‡q †`q †hb QvwKd †MvÎ AvZ¥mg©cb Ki‡Z eva¨ nq| wKš‘, ZviciI eby QvwKd
AvZ¥mg©cb bv Kivq gymwjgiv Ae‡iva DwV‡q wd‡i hvevi wm×vš— †bq|
Gig‡a¨ cweÎ gvm ïi“ n‡q hvq| Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) hyj Avj-K¡vÕ`v gv‡mi cÖ_g w`‡b ZvÕwqd ‡_‡K Ae‡iva
DwV‡q gymwjg‡ì mn g°v hvÎv K‡ib| hvÎvc‡_ hy×jä gvjvgvj I e›`x‡ì Rb¨ Zviv Avj-whÕivbvn‡Z K‡qKw`b
Ae¯’vb K‡ib| G mgqKv‡j, A‡bK mgm¨v mgvavb Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) GUvI †Nvlbv †`b †h, hw`
gvwjK Beb ÕAvDd Bmjvg MÖnb K‡i, Z‡e wZwb(mv.) mg¯— abm¤ú` mn cwiev‡ii mevB‡K Zvi Kv‡Q wdwi‡q
†`‡eb| G msev` gvwjK Beb ÕAvD‡di Kv‡b ‡cuŠQv‡bv gvÎB ‡m Z¡wor †e‡M gynv¤§`(mv.)Gi wbK‡U nvwRi nq
Ges Bmjvg MÖnb K‡i| gvÎ wKQzw`b c~‡e© gynv¤§`(mv.) hvi wei“‡× hy× Kivi Rb¨ ZvÕwqd †NivI K‡iwQ‡jb,
Avðh©RbK fv‡e †mB GKB e¨w³‡K wZwb(mv) Zvui cÖwZÁv Abyhvqx mg¯— m¤ú` wdwi‡q †`q Ges †mBmv‡_
Zv‡K AwZwi³ 100 DUI `vb K‡ib|
G NUbvi ci gymwjgiv Avk¼v K‡i †h, Gfv‡e nvIqvwRb †Mv‡Îi †h †KD G‡m `vex Kiv gvÎB hw`
gynv¤§`(mv.)Zvi m¤ú` wdwi‡q w`‡Z ïi“ K‡i Z‡e Zv‡ì hy×jä m¤ú‡ì g‡a¨ Aewkó Avi wKQzB _vK‡e bv| GRb¨
Zviv `vex K‡i †h, hy×jä m¤ú` Zv‡ì g‡a¨ e›Ub K‡i †`qv †nvK, ‡hb mK‡j Zv‡ì cÖvc¨ ey‡S cvq| G welq wb‡q
Zviv wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ KvbvNylv Ki‡Z _v‡K Ges GKch©v‡q Zv‡ì G KvbvNylv gynv¤§`(mv.)Gi Kvb ch©š—
†cuŠQvq| G K_v †kvbvi ci, wZwb(mv.) Rbm¤§y‡L cvk¦©eZ©x D‡Ui KzuR †_‡K GKUv †jvg DwV‡q Zvui
Av½yj w`‡q k³ K‡i a‡i e‡jb,Ò‡n gvby‡liv! Avjvni Kmg †Zvgv‡ì hy×jä m¤ú` †_‡K Avgvi wb‡Ri Rb¨ GK cÂgvsk
e¨ZxZ AwZwi³ Avi wKQzB †bB, GgbwK GB †jv‡gi mgcwigvYI bq| Avi GB GK-cÂgvsk m¤úÌ Avwg †Zvgv‡ì
Kv‡Q wdwi‡q †è| myZivs, †KD hw` Ab¨vq fv‡e GKUv m~uP cwigvb wRwbmI †bq, Z‡e wKqvg‡Zi w`‡b GUv
n‡e Zvi Rb¨ LyeB Acgvb I hš¿bvi KviY Ges GRb¨ ‡m I Zvi cwievieM© Pzovš— fv‡e AcgvwbZ n‡e|Ó Avjvni
ivmyj(mv.) Zvui Rb¨ (Avjvn †_‡K wbw`©ó) GKcÂgvsk m¤ú` †i‡L evKx m¤ú`‡K mvnvev‡ì g‡a¨ fvM K‡i w`‡jb|
Zvui wb‡Ri m¤ú`‡K wZwb(mv.) hv‡ì Aši— Rq Kivi cÖ‡qvRb wQj Zv‡ì g‡a¨ fvM K‡i w`‡jb, we‡kl K‡i Bmjvg
MÖn‡bi c~‡e© hviv Zvui †NviZi kÎ“ wQj Zv‡ì‡K wZwb(mv.) G m¤ú` `vb K‡i w`‡jb| wZwb(mv.) Avey
mywdqvb, Zvi †Q‡j gyqvÕwqqv, Avj-nvwiQvn Beb Avj-nvwiQvn, Avj-nvwiQvn Beb Avj-wnkvg, mynvBj Beb
ÕAvgi, nvIqvBwZe Beb ÕAve` Avj-D¾v Ges wewfbœ †Mv‡Îi cÖavb‡ì Zv‡ì wbR wbR As‡ki mv‡_ AwZwi³
AviI 100 DU `vb Ki‡jb Ges Ab¨‡ì‡K Zv‡ì As‡ki mv‡_ AwZwi³ AviI 50wU K‡i DU w`‡jb|
hy×jä m¤ú` e›U‡bi †¶‡Î Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Am¤¢e D`viZv I gnvbyeZv cÖ`k©b K‡iwQ‡jb| GKB mv‡_,
wZwb(mv.) cÖ`k©b K‡iwQ‡jb Amvavib ivR‰bwZK cÖÁv I `~i`wk©Zv| wKš‘, Zvui G mywPwšZ— I
`~i`k©xZvc~Y© c`‡¶‡ci Aš©wbwnZ— D‡Ï‡k¨ A‡bK gymwjgB eyS‡Z cvij bv| Avbmviiv, hviv hy×jä m¤ú` †_‡K
wKQzB †cj bv, Zviv gynv¤§`(mv.) G ai‡bi wm×vš— wb‡q wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ KvbvNylv Ki‡Z ïi“ Ki‡jv Ges
`~f©vMëkZt welqwU wb‡q †fZ‡i †fZ‡i Zv‡ì Aš‡i— ‡¶v‡fi m„wó n‡jv| Avbmvi‡ì ga¨ n‡Z GKR‡bi K_vq Zv‡ì
GB †¶v‡fi welqwU ‡klch©š— cÖKvwkZ n‡q co‡jv| †¶v‡fi mv‡_ †m ej‡jv,ÒAvjvni Kmg! Avjvni ivmyj(mv.)
Zvui wb‡Ri †jvKR‡bi ¯^v_© i¶v K‡i‡Qb|Ó G ch©v‡q, mvÕ` Beb ÕDev`vn Avjvni ivmy‡ji Kv‡Q wM‡q Zvu‡K
mg¯— NUbv Ly‡j ej‡jb| Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) mvÕ`‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡jb,ÒG e¨vcv‡i †Zvgvi Ae¯’vb †Kv_vq mvÕ`?Ó
DË‡i wZwb ej‡jb,ÒAvwg Avgvi ‡jvK‡ì mv‡_ GKgZ|Ó Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Zv‡K ej‡jb,ÒZvn‡j Zzwg †Zvgvi
†jvK‡ì mevB‡K GLv‡b GKwÎZ K‡iv|Ó hLb G wel‡q m‡PZb mevB GKmv‡_ n‡jv, ZLb gynv¤§`(mv.) Zv‡ì‡K
ej‡jb,Ò‡Zvgv‡ì KvQ †_‡K AvR Avwg GwK ïb‡Z cvw”Q? †Zvgiv wK Avgvi e¨vcv‡i Lvivc aviYv †cvlb Ki‡Qv?
Avwg wK †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q Ggb GK Ae¯’vq Avwmwb hLb †Zvgiv c_åó wQ‡j, AZtci Avjvn †Zvgv‡ì‡K Avgvi
gva¨‡g c_ †`wL‡q‡Qb? †Zvgiv wK `wi`ª wQ‡j bv, AZtci Avjvn †Zvgv‡ì‡K ¯^”QjZv w`‡q‡Qb? †Zvgiv wK G‡K
Ac‡ii kÎ“ wQ‡j bv, AZtci Avjvn †Zvgv‡ì ü`q‡K fv‡jvevmvq c~Y© K‡i‡Qb? DË‡i Zviv ej‡jv,Ònu¨v, meB
Avjvn Avi Zvui
54
ivmy‡ji AbyMÖn|Ó wZwb(mv.) AveviI ej‡jb,Ò‡Zvgiv †Kb DËi w`‡”Qv bv, †n Avbmv‡iiv?Ó Zviv DË‡i
ej‡jv,ÒwKfv‡e Avgiv Avcbvi K_vi DËi w`‡ev? hLb mKj AbyMÖn Avjvn I Zvui ivmy‡ji|Ó ivmyj(mv.)
ej‡jb,Ò‡Zvgiv PvB‡j G K_v ej‡Z cv‡iv †h, hLb mevB Avcbv‡K wg_¨vev`x e‡j‡Q, Avgiv Avcbvi Dci Cgvb
G‡bwQ| Avcwb hLb Amnvq wQ‡jb Avgiv ZLb Avcbv‡K mvnvh¨ K‡iwQ| Avcwb hLb fvmgvb wQ‡jb, Avgiv
Avcbv‡K Avkªq w`‡qwQ| hLb Avcwb wbt¯^ wQ‡jb ZLb Avgiv Avcbv‡K ¯^w¯— w`‡qwQ| Zvn‡j, Gi cÖwZwU
K_vi DË‡i Avwg ej‡ev †Zvgiv mZ¨ K_v ej‡Qv| AvR †Zvgiv `ywbqvi mvgvb¨ wKQz fv‡jv wRwb‡mi Rb¨ ‡¶vf
cÖKvk Ki‡Qv, A_P Avwg `~e©j gymwjg‡ì G D‡Ï‡k¨ Zv w`‡qwQ †hb Zv w`‡q Zv‡ì Aši‡K— Rq Ki‡Z cvwi|
Avi, †Zvgv‡ì Dci Avwg Øxb Bmjvg Gi AvgvbZ Ac©b K‡iwQ| †Zvgiv wK G‡Z mš‘ó bI †n Avbmviiv †h, Ab¨ me
†jvK †fov Avi D‡Ui cvj wb‡q †dir hv‡e, Avi †Zvgiv Avjvni ivmyj‡K †Zvgv‡ì m‡½ wb‡q hv‡e? †mB mË¡vi
Kmg hvui nv‡Z Avgvi cÖvY, hw` Avgv‡K wnRiZ Ki‡Z bv n‡Zv Z‡e Avwg †Zvgv‡ì g‡ZvB Avbmvi nZvg| hw`
mg¯— gvbyl GKw`‡K hvq Avi Avbmviiv hvq Ab¨ c‡_, Z‡e Avwg †Zvgv‡ì c‡_ hvIqvB cQ›` Ki‡ev| †n Avjvn!
Zzwg Avbmvi‡ì Dci †Zvgvi Ki“Yv el©Y K‡iv, Ki“Yv el©Y K‡iv Zv‡ì mšvb— Ges Zvic‡i Zv‡ì mšvb‡ì—
Dci|Ó GK_v ï‡b Avbmviiv Zv‡ì fyj eyS‡Z †c‡i A‡Svi avivq Kvu`‡Z jvM‡jv| GgbwK Kvu`‡Z Kvu`‡Z Zv‡ì
`vuwo AkÖ“‡Z wf‡R †Mj| KvbœvRwoZ K‡Ú Zviv ej‡jv,Ò‡n Avjvni ivmyj! Avgiv Avgv‡ì Ask wb‡qB mš‘ó Avi
AvcwbB Avgv‡ì Rb¨ h‡_ó|Ó
Gici, Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Zuvi `jej wb‡q g°vq Dgivn Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ Mgb Ki‡jb| g°vi kvmbKvh© cwiPvjbvi Rb¨
ÕDZev Beb DmvB`‡K ‡mLvbKvi Iqvjx wnmv‡e wbhy³ Ki‡jb| Avi, †mLvbKvi RbMY‡K Bmjv‡gi wk¶v `vb Kivi
Rb¨ g‡bvwbZ Ki‡jb gyqvÕ` Beb Rvevj‡K| Zvici, wZwb(mv.) Avbmvi I gynvwRi‡ì mn g`xbvq wd‡i Avm‡jb|
Zvey‡Ki hy×t
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.)Gi Kv‡Q, G g‡g© msev` †cuŠ‡Q †h, gyÕZvi hy‡× gymwjg †hv×v‡ì AmvaviY iY‡KŠk‡ji Rb¨
†ivgvb‡ì wekvjevwnbx‡K eva¨Zvg~jK ˆmb¨ cÖZ¨vnvi Ki‡Z n‡qwQj, †m Amnbxq j¾vRbK ¯§„wZ gy‡Q †djvi
Rb¨ Zviv Avie DcØx‡ci DËivs‡k AvµgY Kivi cwiKíbv Ki‡Q| G mgq †ivgvb evwnbx‡K gyKvwejv Kivi Rb¨
ivmyj(mv.) wb‡RB †mbvevwnbx‡K †bZZ¡… †èvi wm×vš— MÖnb K‡ib, †hb †ivgvb‡ì G D”Pvwfjvm‡K Ggb
fv‡e aŸsm K‡i †`qv hvq, hv‡Z Zviv fwel¨‡Z Avi KL‡bvB gymwjg‡ì f~wg AvµgY Kiv ev gymwjg‡ì e¨vcv‡i
†KvbiKg n¯‡¶c— Kivi `ytmvnm bv K‡i|
mgqUv wQj MÖx‡®§i †klfvM| Amnbxq Mi‡gi d‡j Pvwiw`‡K PjwQj Liv Avi Abve„wó| GQvov, g`xbv †_‡K Avj-
kv‡gi `~iZ¡I wQj A‡bK| hvÎvc_ wQj KwVb Avi `yicvjvi hvÎvi Rb¨ ZLb Ab~Kzj mgqI wQj bv| G mg¯—
cwiw¯’wZi we‡ePbvq, G Awfhvb wQj AZ¨š— Kómva¨| Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) G mg¯— welq we‡ePbv Kivi c‡i
A‡bKUv AcÖZ¨vwkZ fv‡eB kÎ“c¶‡K gyKvwejv Kivi wm×vš— wb‡jb| Zvui wm×v‡ši— K_v mvnvev‡ì Rvbv‡jb
Ges Zv‡ì cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z wb‡`©k w`‡jb| Ab¨vb¨ Awfhvb ev hy‡×i †¶‡Î ivmyj(mv.) mvavibZt Zvui
hvÎvi Avmj D‡Ïk¨ ‡Mvcb †i‡L, †KŠkjMZ w`K †_‡K kÎ“‡K †auvKv †èvi †Póv Ki‡Zb|
wKš‘, G hvÎvq wZwb(mv.) cwiw¯’wZi ¸i“Z¡ we‡ePbv K‡i, cÖ¯‘wZi cÖ_g w`b †_‡KB ivmyj(mv.) †ivgvb mxgv‡š
— Zv‡ì kw³kvjx evwnbx‡K gyKvwejv Kivi †Nvlbv w`‡jb| G j‡¶¨, wZwb(mv.) mKj †MvÎ‡K hy‡×i Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZ
†bevi Avnevb Rvbv‡jb †hb hy×‡¶‡Î gyRvwn`‡ì msL¨v‡K h_v m¤¢e e„w× Kiv hvq| wZwb(mv.) weËkvjx
gymwjg‡ì wb‡`©k w`‡jb †hb, Avjvn Zv‡ì‡K AbyMÖn c~e©K †h m¤ú` w`‡q‡Qb Zv †_‡K Zviv D`vi n‡¯— `vb
K‡i| hv‡Z, gymwjg ˆmb¨`j A¯¿-m‡¯¿i w`K †_‡K h_vm¤¢e kw³kvjx n‡Z cv‡i| GQvov, ‡ivgvb‡ì wei“‡× G
wRnv‡` AskMÖnb Kivi Rb¨ wZwb(mv.) mvavib fv‡e mevB‡K DrmvwnZ I DØy× Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| Zuvi G Avnev‡b
gymwjgiv wewfbœ fv‡e mvov w`‡qwQj| hviv Bmjv‡gi Av‡jvwKZ Avnevb I c_wb‡`©kbvq DØy× n‡q ¯^ZtùyZ©
fv‡e Bmjvg MÖnb K‡iwQj, Zviv Avjvni ivmy‡ji G Avnev‡b cÖPÛ Drmvn I DÏxcbvi mv‡_ mvov w`‡jv| G‡ì
g‡a¨ †KD †KD G‡Zv `wi`ª wQj †h, Zv‡ì hy‡× hvevi Rb¨ GKwU L”PiI wQj bv| Avevi, A‡b‡K wQj weËkvjx,
hviv ivmyj(mv.)Gi Kv‡Q Zv‡ì mg¯— m¤ú` Zz‡j w`‡jv| Giv wQj Zviv, hviv †¯^”Qvq Zv‡ì Rxeb‡K Avjvni Rb¨
DrmM© K‡iwQj, Avi knx` nevi Zxeª AvKv•Lv‡K ey‡K wb‡q wRnv‡` Ask MÖnb K‡iwQj| Avi, hviv cÖvYf‡q
wKsev `ywbqvi abm¤ú‡ì AvKv•Lvq Bmjvg MÖnb K‡iwQj (nq Zviv †f‡ewQj Bmjvg MÖnY bv Ki‡j Zv‡ì
abm¤ú` gymwjg‡ì n¯MZ— n‡q hv‡e, A_ev MYxg‡Zi Avkvq Zviv ag©všwiZ— n‡qwQj), Zv‡ì KvQ †_‡K †Zgb
†Kvb mvov cvIqv †Mj bv| Dciš‘, hy‡× †hvM`vb bv Kivi Rb¨ Zviv bvbviKg DwQjv LyuR‡Z jvMj| Zviv wb‡R‡ì
g‡a¨ KvbvNylv K‡i ej‡Z jvM‡jv, GB fqven Mi‡g hw` Avgiv G‡Zv `~‡i hy× Ki‡Z hvB, Z‡e Zxeª Mi‡gB Avgiv
gviv co‡ev| Giv wQj cÖKZ… A‡ © gybvwdK| Zviv G‡K Ab¨‡K ej‡jv,ÒGB cÖPÛ Mi‡g wM‡q †Zvgiv hy× K‡iv
bv|Ó AvjvnZvqvjv Zv‡ì GB Am‡švl— wb‡q †KviAv‡bi AvqvZ bvwhj Ki‡jb,
55
ÒZviv e‡j, ÔGB Mi‡g †Zvgiv AMÖmi n‡qv bv|Õ Zv‡ì‡K e‡j `vI (†n gynv¤§`)t Rvnvbœv‡gi Av¸b Gi †_‡KB A‡bK
†ekx DËß, hw` Zviv Zv eyS‡Zv|Ó [myiv AvZ-ZvIevt 81]
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) hvÏ Beb Kvwqm‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡jb,ÒZzwg wK eby Avmdvi‡ì gyKvwejv Ki‡Z PvI bv, hvÏ?Ó
DË‡i hvÏ ej‡jv,ÒAvcwb hw` Avgv‡K hy‡× hvevi Rb¨ DØy× bv K‡i †cQ‡b _vKvi AbygwZ †`b †Zv fv‡jv| KviY,
mevB Rv‡b †h, Avwg bvix‡ì cÖwZ GKUz †ekx Avm³| myZivs, Avgvi fq n‡”Q †h, †ivgvb‡ì my›ìx igYx‡ì
‡`‡L Avwg AvZ¥mseiY Ki‡Z cvi‡ev bv|Ó GK_v †kvbvi ci, ivmyj(mv.) Zvi †_‡K gyL wdwi‡q wb‡jb| Gici,
AvjvnZvqvjv hvÏ m¤ú‡K© †KviAv‡b AvqvZ bvwhj K‡i ej‡jb,
ÒAvi, Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †h e‡j, ÔAvgv‡K (wRnv` †_‡K) wb®KwZ… w`b Ges cix¶v †_‡K †invB w`b|Õ (†R‡b iv‡Lv †h)
Aek¨B, Zviv GK weivU cix¶vi g‡a¨ c‡o‡Q| wbðqB, Rvnvbœvg Awek¦vmx‡ì Pvwiw`K †_‡K wN‡i ivL‡e|Ó [myiv
AvZ-ZIevt 49]
gybvwdKiv Avjvn I ivmy‡ji mv‡_ Zv‡ì wek¦vmNvZKZvq GLv‡bB †_‡g _vK‡jv bv, Zviv Ab¨‡ì‡KI hy‡× bv
hvevi Rb¨ DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z jvM‡jv| G Ae¯’vq, ivmyj(mv.) gybvwdK‡ì KwVb kvw¯— w`‡q Zv‡ì‡K DwPZ wk¶v
†èvi wm×vš— wb‡jb| hLb, Avjvni ivmy‡ji Kv‡Q G msev` †cuŠQv‡jv †h, wKQz gybvwdK myIqvBwjg bv‡gi
Bû`xi evmvq e‡m hy‡×i wel‡q gymwjg‡ì g‡b m‡›`n I wØavØ›` m„wó Kivi Rb¨ lohš¿ Ki‡Q, mv‡_ mv‡_
wZwb(mv.) Zvui mvnvex Zvjnv Beb ÕDevB`yjvni †bZ‡Z¡… GK`j †jvK cvwV‡q D³ Bû`xi evox cywo‡q †èvi
wb‡`©k w`‡jb| Av¸b jvMv‡bvi ci, me Pµvš—Kvixiv `ª“Z cvwj‡q †Mj| G‡ì g‡a¨ GKRb cvjv‡Z wM‡q cv †f‡½
†dj‡jI †kl ch©š— cvwj‡q †h‡Z m¶g n‡qwQj| G NUbv mg¯— gybvwdK‡ì Rb¨ GKUv `„óvš— g~jK kvw¯— n‡q
hvq Ges G ai‡bi Kv‡Ri c~Yive„wË Kiv †_‡K Zviv weiZ nq|
ˆmbëvwnbx cÖ¯‘Z Kivi †¶‡Î Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Gi GB cÖPÛ `„pZv I AK¬vš— cÖ‡Póv Rbmvavib‡K Mfxi fv‡e
bvov w`‡jv Ges ‡klch©š— AmsL¨ gymwjg hy× As‡k Kivi Rb¨ mg‡eZ n‡jv| †gvU 30,000 gymwjg G wRnv‡` Ask
MÖnb Kivi Rb¨ Avjvni ivmy‡ji Wv‡K mvov w`‡qwQj| G †mbvevwnbxi bvgKiY Kiv n‡qwQj Avj-ÕDmivn(wec`
A_ev m¼U)| KviY, Zv‡ì‡K MÖx‡®§i cÖPÛ `ve`v‡n, g`xbv †_‡K eû`~‡i †ivgvb mxgv‡š— Aciv‡Rq
evB‡R›UvBb evwnbx‡K gyKvwejv Kivi wb‡`©k †`qv n‡qwQj| GQvov, weivU G ‰mbëvwnbx‡K wb‡q Awfhvb
cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ A‡bK A_©e‡jiI cÖ‡qvRb wQj| hvB †nvK, ˆmbëvwnbx‡K GKwÎZ Kiv n‡jv| Avey eKi(iv.) G
evwnbx‡K hLb BgvgwZ KiwQ‡jb, ‡mB duv‡K Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) g`xbv‡Z Zvui Amgvß KvR¸‡jv m¤úv`b
KiwQ‡jb Ges Zvui Abycw¯’wZ‡Z mvnvev‡ì g`xbvi kvmbKvh© cwiPvjbvi wb‡`©k eywS‡q w`w”Q‡jb|
wZwb(mv.) G mgq gynv¤§` Beb gvmjvgvn‡K g`xbvi `vwq‡Z¡ wbhy³ K‡i Ges ÕAvjx Beb Avey Zvwje‡K Zvui
¯¿x‡ì †`Lv‡kvbvi `vwqZ¡ w`‡q Zv‡ì‡K g`xbvq †i‡L hvb| Gici, ivmyj(mv.) ˆmbëvwnbxi mv‡_ cyYivq †hvM †`b
Ges Zv‡ì †bZZ¡… †`b| Gici, ˆmb¨`j‡K mvg‡b AMÖmi nevi wb‡`©k †`qv nq| wekvj ‰mbëvwnbx GK‡hv‡M
Zv‡ì kw³mvg_©¨ I †kŠh©-exh© AZzjbxq fv‡e cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z Ki‡Z mvg‡bi w`‡K GwM‡q hvq| Avi, g`xbvq
†_‡K hvIqv †jv‡Kiv gy» `„wó‡Z Zv‡ì bqbvwfivg G hvÎv‡K Dc‡fvM K‡i| GgbwK, g`xbvi gymwjg bvixivI Zv‡ì
evwoi Qv‡` D‡V PgrKvi G `„k¨ Dc‡fvM K‡i Ges wekvj G evwnbx‡K we`vq Rvbvq|
wØZxq †Kvb wPšv— g‡b ¯’vb bv w`‡q Ges Zxeª `ve`vn, ¶zav-Zòv… I i“¶ a~wj-a~mi cÖvš‡ii— mKj Kó‡K
Aejxjvq D‡c¶v K‡i gymwjg evwnbx Mš‡eï— cv‡b weiwZnxb fv‡e Pj‡Z _v‡K| gymwjg ˆmb¨`‡ji K¬vwšnxb—
`ytmvnmx G hvÎv Ges A‡Rq‡K Rq Kivi `y`©vš— G cÖ‡Póv ‡cQ‡b c‡o _vKv `j¸‡jv‡K `vi“b fv‡e DØy× K‡i| d‡j,
ZvivI `ª“ZMwZ‡Z GwM‡q G‡m g~jevwnbxi mv‡_ hy³ nq Ges Zvey‡Ki cÖvš‡i— †hLv‡b †ivgvb ˆmbïv
gymwjg‡ì AvµgY Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ NuvwU †M‡o wQj †mw`‡K GwM‡q `„p wP‡Ë hvq| hLb AMÖmigvb G gymwjg
evwnbxi msL¨v I kw³mvg_©¨ m¤ú‡K© ‡ivgvbiv AeMZ nq, mv‡_ mv‡_ gyÕZvi hy‡×i wZ³¯§„wZ Zv‡ì
gvbmc‡U †f‡m D‡V| Zviv ¯§iY K‡i, wKfv‡e msL¨vq bMb¨ I A¯¿m‡¯¿i w`K †_‡K AZ¨š— `~e©j nIqv m‡Ë¡I
gymwjgiv `y`©vš— mvnwmKZvi mv‡_ ex‡ii g‡Zv Zv‡ì mv‡_ hy× K‡i‡Q| Avi, Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) ¯^qs Gevi
Zvui evwnbx‡K †bZZ¡… w`‡”Qb ï‡b Zv‡ì †gi“`‡Û f‡qi kxZj †m&ªvZ cÖevwnZ n‡Z _v‡K| mg¯— Ae¯’v
ch©‡e¶b K‡i, Zviv gymwjg‡ì f‡q mvsNvwZK fv‡e AvZw¼Z n‡q c‡o Ges †klch©š— Avj-kv‡gi Af¨ši¯’—
myiw¶Z `~‡M© cvwj‡q AvZ¥i¶v K‡i| ‡ivgvb evwnbxi Gfv‡e m¤ú~b© iƒ‡c wcQz n‡U hvevi d‡j, †ivgvb‡ì Avj-
kv‡gi mxgvš— AÂj Aiw¶Z n‡q hvq| G msev` Avjvni ivmyj(mv.)Gi Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡bvi ci wZwb(mv.) weiZxnxb
fv‡e hvÎv K‡i Zvey‡Ki Af¨š‡i— cÖ‡ek K‡ib Ges †KvbiKg hy× QvovB G AÂj Rq K‡i Zvey‡Ki cÖvš‡i— Ae¯’vb
MÖnb K‡ib| wZwb(mv.) G hvÎvq †ivgvb evwnbxi mv‡_ gy‡LvgywL msN‡l© wjß bv nevi wm×vš— †bb Ges
ZveyK I Gi Av‡kcv‡ki mxgvšeZ©x— AÂ‡ji `Lj wb‡qB mš‘ó _v‡Kb| G mgq hviv gy‡LvgywL gymwjg‡ì‡K
gyKvwejv Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj Ges wew”Qbœ fv‡e cÖwZ‡iva M‡o Zz‡jwQj Zv‡ì‡K ¸uwo‡q †èvi Rb¨ gymwjg
evwnbx cÖvq GKgvm Zvey‡Ki cÖvš‡i— Ae¯’vb K‡i| G AÂj Rq Kivi ci, ivmyj(mv.) †ivgvb‡ì wbhy³ Mf©bi I G
AÂ‡ji wewfbœ ‡MvÎxq †bZv‡ì Kv‡Q Zvui c¶ †_‡K evZ©v cvVvb| wZwb(mv.) AvBjvÕi Mf©bi Bqynvbv Beb
i“Õgvn mn Avj-hveivÕ Ges AvìvnÕi
56
Awaevmx‡ì‡K Zvui Kv‡Q AvZ¥mg©c‡bi wb‡`©k †`b Ges Zvui kvmb-KZ©Z¡… †g‡b wb‡Z e‡jb| Zviv wbi“cvq
n‡q ivmyj(mv.) Gi mv‡_ kvwšPzw³— K‡i Ges wRwhqv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z m¤§Z nq| Awfhv‡bi D‡Ïk¨ cy‡ivcywi ev¯—
evwqZ nevi ci Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) g`xbvq wd‡i Av‡mb|
ivmyj(mv.)Gi G Abycw¯’wZi my‡hv‡M, g`xbvi gybvwdKiv gymwjg‡ì g‡a¨ wg_¨v cÖPvibv Pvjvq, hvi d‡j
gymwjg‡ì g‡a¨ wefw³i m„wó nq| Zviv Zz AvIqvb GjvKvq GKwU gmwR` wbg©vY K‡i Zv‡ì G Amr I
wefw³g~jK cÖPvibv‡K kw³kvjx K‡i| G gmwR`wU wQ‡jv w`‡bi †ejvq g`xbv †_‡K GK N›Uv `~‡ii c_| hviv
‡KviAv‡bi AvqvZ‡K weKZ… Kivi †Póvq wjß _vK‡Zv Ges gymwjg‡ì g‡a¨ wefw³ m„wói j‡¶¨ mgv‡Ri g‡a¨
welv³ K_©vevZ©v Qwo‡q w`‡Zv, G gmwR`wU‡K g~jZt ZvivB Avkªq¯’j wnmv‡e eënvi Ki‡Zv| Avjvni
ivmyj(mv.) hLb ZveyK hy‡×i cÖ¯‘wZ wbw”Q‡jb, ZLb G gmwR‡ì wbg©vZv ivmyj(mv.)†K Aby‡iva K‡iwQ‡jb
GLv‡b bvgvR Av`vq Kivi Rb¨| wKš‘, Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Zv‡K hy× †_‡K wd‡i Avmv ch©š— A‡c¶v Kivi
wb‡`©k †`b| wd‡i Avmvi c‡_ wZwb(mv.) gybvwdK‡ì G mg¯— RNb¨ Kvh©Kjvc m¤ú‡K© we¯vwiZ— AewnZ
nb Ges gmwR` m¤ú‡K© Avmj Z_¨ Rvb‡Z cv‡ib| mewKQz †kvbvi ci, wZwb(mv.) gmwR`wU‡K m¤ú~b© fv‡e
aŸsm K‡i cywo‡q †èvi wb‡`©k †`b| Gfv‡eB, wZwb(mv.) †Kvb `qv cÖ`k©b bv K‡i, gybvwdK‡ì lohš¿‡K KwVb
fv‡e gyKvwejv K‡iwQ‡jb| G wk¶v cvevi ci, Zviv G‡Zv AvZw¼Z n‡qwQj †h, cieZ©x‡Z Avi KL‡bvB G ai‡bi
Kvh©Kjvc Kivi `ytmvnm cÖ`k©b K‡iwb|
ZveyK Awfhv‡bi mgvwßi ci mg¯— Avie f~-L‡Û gymwjg‡ì GK”QÎ kvmb-KZ©Z¡… cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj| mg¯—
DcØxc Ry‡o Qwo‡q c‡owQ‡jv AvjvnZvqvjvi mygnvb evYxi Av‡jvwKZ Avnevb Ges †klch©š— mg¯— P¨v‡jÄ
gyKvwejv K‡i Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) G AÂ‡j Zvui cÖfve-cÖwZcwË I kvmb-¶gZv‡K m¤ú~b© fv‡e wbwðZ
K‡iwQ‡jb| e¯‘Zt G Awfhv‡bi ci, mg¯— Avie f~ÑLÛ †_‡K `‡j `‡j wewfbœ †Mv‡Îi gvbyl gynv¤§`(mv.) Kv‡Q
AvMgb Ki‡Z _v‡K Ges Zuv‡K evBÕqvZ w`‡q AvbyM‡Zï kc_ K‡i Bmjvg MÖnb K‡i|
Avie DcØxc kvmbt
ZveyK Awfhv‡bi gva¨‡g g~jZt Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Bmjvgx iv‡óªi mxgv‡ši— cÖwZi¶v eë¯’v‡K kw³kvjx
K‡iwQ‡jb, hvi d‡j Bmjv‡gi kÎ“c‡¶i †jv‡Kiv G ivóª‡K ¸i“‡Z¡i mv‡_ we‡ePbv Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡qwQ‡jv| GKB mv‡_,
G Awfhvb ewn©we‡k¦ Bmjv‡gi D`vË Avnevb‡K Qwo‡q †`qvi c×wZ wnmv‡e Zvui DËim~ix‡ì Kv‡Q GKwU
PgrKvi `„óvšI— n‡q _vK‡jv|
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Zvey‡Ki Awfhvb †_‡K wd‡i Avmvi ciciB B‡q‡gb, nvRivgvDZ I ÕIgvb mn Avie DcØx‡ci
mg¯— `w¶bvÂj ivmyj(mv.) Gi AvbyMZ¨ ¯^xKvi K‡i Bmjv‡gi cZvKvZ‡j P‡j Av‡m| ïay ZvB bq, Zviv Bmjvgx
iv‡óªi kvmb-KZ©Z¡‡KI… ‡g‡b ‡bq|
wnRix beg mv‡j, G AÂ‡ji `~‡Ziv DwØMœ wP‡Ë G‡K G‡K Avjvni ivmyj(mv.)Gi Kv‡Q Avm‡Z jvM‡jv Ges
Zv‡ì I Zv‡ì †MvÎf~³ †jvK‡ì Bmjvg MÖn‡bi ¯^xKwZ… w`‡jv| G mg¯— NUbvi djkÖ“wZ‡Z, mg¯— Avie f~-
L‡Û Bmjvgx iv‡óªi wbi¼zk AvwacZ¨ cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj| ïay Avi‡ei Af¨šixb— welq¸‡jvi g‡a¨ g~wZ©c~RvixB
hv GKUz mgm¨v ˆZix KiwQ‡jv| KviY, gynv¤§`(mv.)Gi KZ… Pzw³ Abyhvqx †cŠËwjK‡ì g~wZ©c~Rv Kiv
wKsev KvevNi ZvIqvd Kivi AbygwZ wQ‡jv| G Pzw³‡Z cwi®‹vi fv‡e ejv wQ‡jv †h, Zviv wbf©‡q KvevNi
ZvIqvd Ki‡Z cvi‡e Ges cweÎ gv‡m Zv‡ì †Kvb cÖKvi ¶wZ Kiv n‡e bv|
wKš‘, G Ae¯’v †ekxw`b Pj‡Z †èvi hyw³m½Z †Kvb KviY wQ‡jv bv| KviY, K‡Zvw`b Avi Bmjv‡gi AvKx`vi
mv‡_ cy‡ivcywi mvsNwl©K wek¦v‡m wek¦vmx gywZ©c~Rvix‡ì cweÎ KvevN‡i AvMgb‡K mn¨ Kiv hvq?
wKfv‡e GB m¤ú~b© wecixZag©x `y‡Uv wek¦v‡mi gvby‡liv GKwÎZ n‡q cweÎ G Ni‡K ZvIqvd Ki‡Z cv‡i, hLb
GB `ywU wek¦v‡mi g‡a¨ GKwUi AvMgbB n‡q‡Q g~wZ©c~Rv‡K m¤ú~b© iƒ‡c c„w_ex †_‡K wbwðý Ki‡Z?
GQvov, G Rbc‡ì mK‡jB hLb Bmjvgx ivóª I GK Avjvni wbi¼zk kvmb-KZ©‡Z¡i… Kv‡Q gv_v bZ K‡i‡Q, ZLb
wK g~wZ©c~Rvix‡ì‡K Zv‡ì †Lqvj-Lykx Abyhvqx †Q‡o †`qv hvq? ZvQvov, g~wZ©c~Rv wQ‡jv GKwU
m¤ú~b© cwiZ¨³ I åvš— wek¦vm, hv mgv‡Ri mvgwMÖK H‡Kï RbÏ wQ‡jv wec`RbK| ZvB, G cwiZ¨³ wek¦vm‡K
mgvR †_‡K m¤ú~b© iƒ‡c wbwðý Kiv wQj Acwinvh©| ZveyK hy×
†_‡K wd‡i Avmvi ci gymwjgiv hLb Avey eKi(iv.)Gi †bZ‡Z¡… n‡¾¡i cÖ¯‘wZ wbw”Q‡jv, wVK G mg‡qB
AvjvnZvqvjv gykwiK‡ì D‡Ïk¨ K‡i ivmyj(mv.)Gi Kv‡Q myiv AvZ-ZvIev bvwhj K‡ib| Avjvni G wb‡`©k †c‡q
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) ÕAvjx Beb Avwe Zvwje‡K Avey eKi(iv.)Gi mv‡_ g°vq cvwV‡q ‡`b Ges g°vi Rbmvavib‡K
Avjvni bvwhjKZ… AvqvZ ïbv‡Z e‡jb| g°vq wM‡q ÕAvjx Beb Avwe Zvwje Avey ûivqiv‡K m‡½ wb‡q g°vi
RbMY‡K bvwhjKZ… AvqvZmg~n wZjIqvZ K‡i †kvbvb|
57
ÒAvjvn I Zvui ivmy‡ji c¶ n‡Z Ae¨vnwZ (†Nvlbv Kiv) n‡”Q H gykwiK‡ì (A½xKvi) n‡Z, hv‡ì mv‡_ †Zvgiv mwÜ
K‡iwQ‡j|Ó [myiv AvZ-ZvIevt 1]
myiv ZIevi Dc‡iv³ AvqvZ n‡Z wZwb wb‡gœv³ AvqvZ ch©š— wZjIqvZ K‡ib,
ÒAvi GB gykwiK‡ì wei“‡× †Zvgiv mK‡j wgwjZ fv‡e hy× K‡iv, †hgb Zviv †Zvgv‡ì wei“‡× mK‡j wg‡j hy× K‡i|
Avi †R‡b iv‡Lv, wbðqB Avjvn gyËvKx‡ì mv‡_B i‡q‡Qb|Ó [myiv AvZ-ZIevt 36]
G AvqvZ ch©š— wZjIqvZ Kivi ci ÕAvjx(iv.) wKQz¶b bxie _vK‡jb| Zvici, wPrKvi K‡i ej‡jb,Ò‡n gvby‡liv!
Aek¨B †Kvb Awek¦vmxB Rvbœv‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡e bv Ges †Kvb gykwiKB G eQ‡ii ci †_‡K n¾¡ Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| Avi,
†KD KvevNi‡K bMœ n‡q cÖ`w¶b Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| AvR‡Ki ci †_‡K hv‡ì mv‡_ gynv¤§`(mv.)Gi wbw`©ó mg‡qi
Rb¨ Pzw³ Av‡Q, †mB Pzw³ e¨ZxZ Avi †Kvb Pzw³ n‡e bv|Ó G PviwU wb‡`©k ÕAvjx(iv.) Rvwi Ki‡jb Ges
Rbmvavib‡K wbR wbR evox wd‡i hvevi Rb¨ Pvigvm mgq w`‡jb| H eQ‡ii ci †_‡K Avi KL‡bv †Kvb gykwiK
n¾¡ Ki‡Z Av‡mwb, bv Zviv Avi †Kvbw`b bMœ n‡q KvÕevNi‡K cÖ`w¶b K‡i‡Q|
Gici, AvjvnZvqvjvi bvwhjKZ… BmjvwgK AvK¡x`vni wfwË‡Z beMwVZ Bmjvgx iv‡óªi QÎQvqvB mg¯— Avie
f~ÑL‡Û Avjvni evYx we¯wZ…— jvf Ki‡Z Avi¤ ¢ Ki‡jv| myiv evivÕqvn(ZvIev), mePvB‡Z †kl myiv, bvwhj nevi
mv‡_ mv‡_B mgMÖ Avie DcØxc †_‡K g~wZ©c~Rv mg~‡j DrcvwUZ n‡jv Ges Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZôvi wfwË
mgvß n‡q †Mj| Bmjv‡gi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K mKj a¨vb-avibv Ges Bmjvgx ivóª e¨ZxZ Ab¨ mewKQzi kvmb-
KZ©Z¡‡K… wbwðý K‡i †`qv n‡jv| Avi, Gfv‡eB mg¯— gvbeRvwZi Kv‡Q Øxb Bmjv‡gi Avnevb †cuŠ‡Q †èvi
kw³kvjx wfwË cÖ¯‘Z n‡jv|
Bmjvgx iv‡óªi KvVv‡gvt
g`xbvi cvÕ ivLvi cÖ_g w`b †_‡KB Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) gymwjg I Agymwjg mn mevB‡K kvmb K‡i‡Qb Ges Zv‡ì
mg¯— welq †`Lvïbv K‡i‡Qb| Bmjvgx ivóª MVb Kivi ci wZwb(mv.) GKwU Av`k© Bmjvgx mgvR MV‡b
g‡bvwb‡ek K‡ib †hb, G mgvR cÖKZ… A‡_©B GKwU RbKj¨vYg~jK mgv‡R cwiYZ nq| g`xbvi ivóªcÖavb
wnmv‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kv‡j wZwb(mv.) Bû`x †MvÎ, eby `vgivn Ges eby gy`jv‡Ri mv‡_ Pzw³ K‡ib| cieZ©x‡Z
wZwb(mv.) KzivBk Ges AvBjvn, Avj-hvievÕ I DhivnÕi ‡MvÎ cÖavb‡ì mv‡_ Pzw³ ¯^v¶i K‡ib| wZwb(mv.)
GK_vI ‡g‡b †bb †h, ‡Kvb †Mv‡Îi gvbyl‡KB n¾¡ Ki‡Z evuav †`qv hv‡e bv Avi, bv Kv‡iv cweÎ gv‡m Avµvš—
nevi †Kvb fq _vK‡e| †mbvevwnbxi cÖavb wnmv‡e wZwb(mv.) A‡bK hy‡×i cwiKíbv K‡ib Ges G cwiKíbv
ev¯evqb— K‡ib| wZwb(mv.) nvghvn Beb ÕAvãyj gyËvwje, gynv¤§` Beb ÕDevB`v Beb Avj-nvwiQvn Ges mvÕ`
Beb Avwe Iqv°vm‡K KzivBk‡ì wei“‡× AvµgY cwiPvjbvi `vwq‡Z¡ wbhy³ K‡ib| wZwb(mv.) hvwq` Beb
nvwiQvn, RvÕdi Beb Avwe Zvwje Ges ÕAvãyjvn Beb ivIqvnv‡K †ivgvb‡ì wei“‡× hy× Kivi wb‡`©k †`b| GKB
fv‡e, wZwb(mv.) Lvwj` Beb Avj-Iqvwj`‡K `ygvZ Avj-Rv›`vj †Mv‡Îi wei“‡× hy‡×i †bZ‡Z¡… wbhy³ K‡ib|
GQvov, AmsL¨ hy‡× wZwb(mv.) wb‡R †bZZ¡… †`b †hLv‡b fq¼i hy× msNwUZ nq|
GQvovI wZwb(mv.) cÖwZwU cÖ‡`‡k GKRb Iqvjx (governor) Ges cÖwZwU AÂ‡j GKRb ÕAvwgj (Dc-governor)
wbhy&³ K‡ib| D`vnib ¯îƒc, wZwb(mv.) g°v weR‡qi ciciB ÕDZve Beb DmvB`‡K g°vi Iqvjx wnmv‡e wbhy³ K‡ib
Ges ev`vb Beb mvmvb Bmjvg MÖnb Kivi ci wZwb(mv.) Zv‡K B‡q‡g‡bi Iqvjx wbhy³ K‡ib| gyÕqvR Beb Avj
Rvevj Avj-LvhivRx Avj-Rvbvb cÖ‡`‡ki Ges Lvwj` Beb mvÕwq` Beb AvjÕAvm mvbvÕi Iqvjx wnmv‡e wbhy³
nb| Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) hvwq` Beb jyevB` Beb Qvjvevn Avj-Avbmvix‡K nvhivgvD‡Zi Iqvjx wbhy³ K‡ib| Avey
gymv Avj-AvkÕqvix‡K hvwe` I G‡WbÕGi Ges ÕAvgi Beb AvjÕAvm ÕIgv‡bi Iqvjx wnmv‡e wbhy³ K‡ib| Avi,
g`xbv‡Z wZwb(mv.) Avey `yRvbvn‡K g`xbvi ÕAvwgj wnmv‡e `vwqZ¡ †`b| Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Zvui Pvicv‡ki
gvbyl‡ì g‡a¨ ‡hvM¨Zv Abymv‡i wewfbœ e¨w³‡K wewfbœ `vwq‡Z¡i Rb¨ wbhy³ Ki‡Zb| hv‡ì Aši— Cgv‡bi
Av‡jv‡Z cwic~Y© wQ‡jv ïay Zv‡ì‡KB wZwb(mv.) kvmbKv‡h©i ¸i“`vwqZ¡ †`b| ewY©Z Av‡Q †h, gyÕqvR
Beb Rvevj Avj-LvhivwR‡K B‡q‡g‡bi kvmbKZ©v wnmv‡e wbhy³ Kivi mgq wZwb(mv.) Zv‡K wR‡Ám
K‡ib,ÒZzwg wK w`‡q RbMY‡K kvmb Ki‡e †n gyÕqvR?Ó DË‡i gyÕqvR e‡jb,ÒAvwg Avjvni wKZve w`‡q
Zv‡ì kvmb Ki‡ev|Ó Zvici wZwb(mv.) e‡jb,Òhw` G e¨vcv‡i †mLv‡b wKQz bv cvI?Ó ZLb gyÕqvR e‡jb,ÒZvn‡j
Avwg ivmy‡ji mybœvni g‡a¨ Zv LyuR‡ev|Ó GUv ï‡b ivmyj(mv.) Zv‡K e‡jb,Òhw` †mLv‡bI bv cvI?Ó DË‡i
gyÕqvR e‡jb,ÒZvn‡j Avgvi Ávb Abyhvqx BRwZnv`(M‡elYv) Ki‡ev|Ó GK_v ï‡b Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) AZ¨š—
Avbw›`Z n‡q hvb Ges e‡jb,ÒcÖksmv †mB Avjvni whwb Zvui ivmy‡ji evZ©vevnK‡K Ggb Ávb w`‡q‡Qb hv
Avjvn I Zvui ivmyj fvjev‡mb|Ó GQvov, AviI ewY©Z Av‡Q †h, Avjvni ivmyj(mv.)
58
AveŸvb Beb mvÕwq`‡K evnivB‡bi Iqvjx wbhy³ Kivi mgq Zv‡K e‡jb,ÒÕAve` Avj Kv‡q‡mi †jv‡K‡ì mv‡_
my›ì AvPib Ki‡e| Avi, Zv‡ì cÖwZ gnvbyfeZv cÖ`k©b Ki‡e|Ó
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) AvPvi-AvPib I Cgv‡bi w`K †_‡K mePvB‡Z †kªô gymwjg‡ì‡KB kvmK wnmv‡e wbhy³
Ki‡Zb| †ekxi fvM †¶‡Î wZwb(mv.) Iqvjx‡K A_©msMÖn, RbMY‡K Bmjv‡gi AvMg‡bi myymsev` ‡`qv, gvbyl‡K
KziAv‡bi Av‡jv‡K M‡o †Zvjv Ges Zv‡ì‡K Øxb-Bmjvg †evSv‡bvi `vwqZ¡ w`‡Zb| wZwb(mv.) Zvui wbhy³
Iqvjx‡K KwVb n‡¯— Ab¨vq I we‡`ªvn `g‡bi wb‡`©k w`‡Zb| wKš‘, mZëv`xZvi gy‡LvgywL `vuwo‡q webqx I
AgvwqK AvPib Ki‡Z e‡jb| GQvov, weev`gvb †MvÎ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ SMov-weev‡ì wb®úwË Kivi ‡¶‡Î †Kvb cÖKvi
†MvÎxq ixwZbxwZ‡K gvb`Û wnmv‡e wb‡Z wb‡la K‡ib| eis, mKj‡¶‡Î, Avjvn cÖ`Ë AvBbKvbyb‡KB GKgvÎ
gvb`Û wnmv‡e MÖnb Kivi wb‡`©k †`b|
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Zvui wbhy³ kvmK‡ì hy×jä m¤ú‡ì GK cÂgvsk msMÖn Kivi wb‡`©k †`b| GQvov,
gymwjg‡ì‡K AvjvnZvqvjv †h mg¯— ‡¶‡Î mv`vKvn& w`‡Z e‡j‡Qb, †m mg¯— A_©I msMÖn Ki‡Z e‡jb|
wZwb(mv.) Bû`x I wLªóvb‡ì ga¨ n‡Z hviv †¯^”Qvq Bmjvg MÖnb K‡i‡Q Zv‡ì‡K G mymsev` †èvi wb‡`©k †`b
†h, GLb †_‡K Zviv wek¦vmx‡ì mgcwigvb AwaKvi jvf Ki‡e Ges Zv‡ì‡K Ab¨me gymwjg‡ì g‡ZvB GKB `vwqZ¡
cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e| wZwb(mv.) Bû`x, wLªóvb ev Ab¨ †h Kv‡iv Dci †h †Kvb ai‡bi AZ¨vPvi cÖwZnZ Kivi wb‡`©kI
†`b| Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) gyÕqvR(iv.)†K B‡q‡g‡b cvVv‡bvi c~‡e© Zv‡K e‡jb,ÒAvn‡j wKZv‡ei †jvK‡ì kvmb
Kivi Rb¨ †Zvgv‡K cvVv‡bv n‡”Q| †Zvgvi cÖ_g KvR n‡e Zv‡ì GK Avjvni `vm‡Z¡i w`‡K Avnevb Kiv| hw` Zviv
Zv †g‡b ‡bq, Z‡e Zzwg Zv‡ì Rvwb‡q †`‡e †h, Avjvn Zv‡ì Dci hvKvZ dih K‡i‡Qb, m¤ú`kvjx‡ì KvQ †_‡K
hvKvZ msMÖn Ges `wi`ª‡ì g‡a¨ Zv weZiY Kivi wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb| hw` Zviv Zv †g‡b †bq, Z‡e Zv‡ì KvQ †_‡K
Zv msMÖn Ki‡e Ges Zv‡ì G AvgvbZ †`Lvïbv Ki‡e Ges wbh©vwZZ gvby‡li AvZ©bv‡ì e¨vcv‡i Avjvn‡K fq
Ki‡e| g‡b †iL, wbh©vwZZ gvbyl I Avjvni gv‡S †Kvb c`©v †bB|Ó
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Lvqev‡ii Bû`x‡ì Drcvw`Z kl¨ I djdjvw` cwigvc K‡i Zv †_‡K iv‡óªi wba©vwiZ Ask msMÖn
Kivi Rb¨ mvavibZ ÕAvãyjvn Beb i“Iqvnv‡K wbhy³ Ki‡Zb| Zviv Avjvni ivmyj(mv.)Gi Kv‡Q GKevi Zvi g~j¨vq‡bi
e¨vcv‡i Awf‡hvM K‡i Ges ÕAvãyjvn‡K Nyl wnmv‡e wKQz †mvbv-`vbv †èvi †Póv K‡i| Zviv e‡j,ÒG¸‡jv
(†mvbv-`vbv) wb‡q hvI Ges kl¨ fvMvfvwMi e¨vcv‡i GKUz Qvo `vI|Ó DË‡i ÕAvãyjvn e‡jb,Ò‡n Bû`xiv, †Zvgiv
n‡”Qv Avjvni m„wó RM‡Zi g‡a¨ mePvB‡Z wbKó|… wKš‘, Avwg b¨vqwePv‡ii e¨vcv‡i GZUzKz Qvo †è bv| hv
†Zvgiv Avgv‡K Nyl wnmv‡e MÖnb Ki‡Z e‡j‡Qv Zv Avjvni `„wó‡Z wbwl×| myZivs, Zv Avwg MÖnb Ki‡Z
cvi‡ev bv|Ó G K_v ï‡b Bû`xiv e‡j,ÒGRb¨B Avjvn c„w_ex I RvbœvZ ˆZix K‡i‡Qb|Ó
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) memgqB wewfbœ cÖ‡`‡k Zvui wbhy³ kvmK I eë¯’vcK‡ì Dci bRi ivL‡Zb Ges Zv‡ì
Kvh©Kjv‡ci m¤ú‡K© †LuvRLei wb‡Zb| wZwb(mv.) Zv‡ì wei“‡× DwÌZ Awf‡hvMI g‡bv‡hv‡Mi mv‡_ ïb‡Zb|
GKevi evnivB‡b Zvui wbhy³ ÕAvwgj Avj-ÕAvjvÕ Beb Avj-nvìvwgi wei“‡× ÕAve` Kvwq‡mi GK`j cÖwZwbwa
Zvui Kv‡Q Awf‡hvM DÌvcb Kivq, wZwb(mv.) D³ ÕAvwgj‡K H AÂj †_‡K Acmvib K‡ib| GQvov, wZwb(mv.)
GUvI j¶¨ ivL‡Zb ‡h, Zvui wb‡qvMKZ… eë¯’vcKiv wKfv‡e iv‡óªi wba©vwiZ A © msMÖn Ki‡Q Ges ivR¯^
Lv‡Z AwR©Z A © wKfv‡e e¨q Ki‡Q| GKevi wZwb(mv.) GKe¨w³‡K hvKvZ msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ wb‡qvwRZ K‡ib|
†mLvb
†_‡K †divi ci D³ e¨w³ Zvu‡K e‡jb,ÒGB n‡”Q Avcbvi wba©vwiZ Ask Avi G¸‡jv Avgv‡K Dcnvi wnmv‡e †`qv
n‡q‡Q|Ó GK_v †kvbvi ci Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) e‡jb,ÒGB e¨w³i welqUv wK? Avjvn Avgv‡ì Dci †h `vwqZ¡ Ac©b
K‡i‡Qb Avgiv Zv‡K †m Abyhvqx Kv‡R wbhy³ K‡iwQ, Avi †m wK bv ej‡Q, GUv Avcbvi Ask Avi GUv Avgv‡K
Dcnvi wnmv‡e †`qv n‡q‡Q? ‡m wK evox‡Z Zvi gvZv-wcZvi mv‡_ e‡m Dcnv‡ii cÖZ¨vkv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv? Avgiv
hw` KvD‡K cvwikªwg‡Ki wewbg‡q †Kvb Kv‡Ri Rb¨ wbhy³ Kwi Ges Zvic‡iI hw` †m Gi evB‡i †KvbwKQz
MÖnb K‡i, Z‡e †mUv n‡e Amr DcvR©b|Ó
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) gvby‡li gv‡S SMov-weev‡ì wb®úwË Kivi Rb¨ wePviK wbhy³ K‡i‡Qb| wZwb(mv.)
ÕAvjx(iv.)†K B‡q‡g‡bi wePviK Ges ÕAvãyjvn Beb bI‡dj‡K g`xbvi wePviK wnmv‡e wbhy³ K‡iwQ‡jb|
†mBmv‡_, wZwb(mv.) gyÕqvR Beb Rvevj Ges Avey gymv Avj-AvkÕqvix‡KI B‡q‡g‡bi wePviK wbhy&³
K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb(mv.) Zv‡ì wR‡Ám K‡iwQ‡jb,ÒwK w`‡q †Zvgiv wePvi-dqmvjv Ki‡e?Ó DË‡i Zviv
e‡jb,ÒAvgiv hw` Avjvni wKZve I ivmy‡ji mybœvn‡Z Zv Lyu‡R bv cvB Z‡e, wKqv‡mi gva¨‡g G e¨vcv‡i wm×vš
— †ei Ki‡ev|Ó wZwb(mv.) Zv‡ì G c×wZ‡K ¯^xKwZ… †`b| Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) wewfbœ ¯’v‡b ïay wePviK
wbhy³ K‡iB mš‘ó wQ‡jb| wZwb(mv.) wePviK Ges kvmK‡ì wei“‡× DÌvwcZ mKj Awf‡hv‡Mi mwVK Z`š— I
wePvi Kivi Rb¨ wePviK‡ì mgš^‡q Ryix †evW©I (gvhvwjg) MVb K‡ib| wZwb(mv.) wePvi wefvM I Ryix
‡ev‡W©i Avwgi (‡bZv) wnmv‡e ivwk` Beb ÕAvãyjvn‡K wbhy³ K‡ib Ges Ryix †ev‡W©i mvg‡b Dc¯’vwcZ mKj
Awf‡hvM Z`š— Kivi `vwqZ¡ †`b|
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Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) RbM‡Yi mg¯— welqvwì e¨vcv‡iB †`Lvïbv Ki‡Z mg © n‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb(mv.) Bmjvgx iv‡óªi
cÖwZwU wefv‡Mi cÖavb wnmv‡e GKRb †iwRóvi ev wjwce×KviK wb‡qvM K‡iwQ‡jb| ÕAvjx Beb Avwe
Zvwje Gi `vwqZ¡ wQj Bmjvgx iv‡óªi mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨ †MvÎ ev iv‡óªi mKj cÖKvi Pzw³ wjwce× Kiv| Avj-nvwiQ Beb
ÕAvDd ivmyj(mv.) Gi mxj‡gvn‡ii `vwq‡Z¡ wQ‡jb, gyÕqvBwKe Beb Avwe dvwZgvn wQ‡jb hy×jä gvjvgv‡ji
`vwq‡Z¡, ûhvBdv Beb Avj-Bqvgvb wQ‡jb mgMÖ †nhv‡h Drcbœ dj-djvw` I kl¨ cwigvc I g~j¨vqb Kivi `vwq‡Z¡,
hyevBi Beb Avj-ÕAvIIqvg wQ‡jb mv`vKv wefv‡Mi †m‡µUvix, Avj-gyMxiv Beb ïÕevn‡K †`qv n‡qwQj FY
welqK I †jb‡`b msµvš— `wjjcÎ wjwce× Kivi `vwqZ¡ Ges kviKvwej Beb nvmvbvnÕ†K wbhy³ Kiv n‡qwQj
wewfbœ ivRv-ev`kvnÕi Kv‡Q ivmyj(mv.)Gi †cÖwiZ cÎ ‡jLvi `vwqZ¡| wZwb(mv.) cÖwZwU wefv‡Mi GKRb
†m‡µUvix ev cwiPvjK wbhy³ K‡iwQ‡jb, wefv‡Mi msL¨v h‡Zv †ekxB †nvK bv †Kb| G mg¯— wel‡q wZwb(mv.)
Zvui mvnvex‡ì g‡a¨ hv‡ì Mfxi wPšvkw³— I wewfbœ welq Dcjwä Kivi ¶gZv i‡q‡Q, we‡kl K‡i hviv Øxb-
Bmjv‡gi Rb¨ Zv‡ì Rxeb‡K cy‡ivcywi DrmwM©Z K‡iwQj, Zv‡ì mv‡_ Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Zb| Avbmvi‡ì ga¨
n‡Z G iKg e¨w³‡ì msL¨v wQj mvZ Rb Avi gynvwRi‡ì ga¨ n‡Z wQj mvZ Rb| G‡ì g‡a¨ wQj, nvghvn, Avey eKi,
Igi, RvÕdi, ÕAvjx, Beb gvmÕD`, mvjgvb, ÕAv¤§vi, ûhvBdv, Avey `vi, Avj-wgK`v` Ges wejvj| GQvov,
wZwb(mv.) wewfbœ mg‡q Ab¨‡ì mv‡_I civgk© Ki‡Zb, wKš‘ ‡ekxi fvM †¶‡ÎB D‡jwLZ e¨w³‡ì mv‡_ Avjvc-
Av‡jvPbv K‡i wm×vb wb‡Zb| G‡ì mKj‡K wb‡qB Avm‡j gvRwjk& Avj-D¤§vn MwVZ n‡qwQj|
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) gymwjg-Agymwjg mn wbwe©‡k‡l mK‡ji Dci K‡qK cÖKvi RwgRgv, Drcbœ dmj Ges Mevw`
cïi Dci Ki Av‡ivc K‡ib| G¸‡jv hvKvZ, Dki (wbw`©ó dm‡ji GK `kgvsk), dvÕB (hy×jä m¤ú`), LvivR (Rwgi Dci
Av‡ivwcZ LvRbv) Ges wRwhqv (iv‡óªi Agymwjg‡ì bvMwiK‡ì Dci Av‡ivwcZ Ki) wb‡q MwVZ wQj| Avbdvj I
hy×jä m¤ú` wQj evqZzj gv‡ji m¤ú` (iv‡óªi m¤ú`)| hvKv‡Zi A © cweÎ †KviAv‡bi wb‡`©k Abyhvqx AvU cÖKv‡ii
gvby‡li g‡a¨ e›Ub K‡i †`qv n‡Zv, Gi evB‡i †KD hvKv‡Zi m¤ú` †cZ bv| hvKv‡Zi A © KL‡bvB ivóªxq e¨q
‡gUv‡bvi Kv‡R eënvi Kiv n‡Zv bv| iv‡óªi mKj e¨q dvÕB, LvivR, wRwhqv Ges hy×jä m¤ú` n‡Z cÖvß A‡_©i
gva¨‡gB Kiv n‡Zv| e¯‘Zt G mg¯— LvZ n‡Z cÖvß m¤ú`B iv‡óªi mKj e¨qfvi enb Kiv wKsev hy× cwiPvjbvq
cÖ‡qvRbxq A‡_©i Rb¨ h‡_ó wQj| ‡h Rb¨, Bmjvgx iv‡óªi A_©RwbZ †Kvb mgm¨v KL‡bv wQj bv|
Gfv‡eB Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Bmjvgx ivóª eë¯’vi KvVv‡gvMZ wfwË ˆZix K‡ib| cÖwZwU wRwbm wZwb(mv.)
wb‡Ri nv‡Z K‡ib Ges Zvui RxeÏkvqB G KvR m¤úbœ K‡ib| wZwb(mv.) wQ‡jb Zvui wb‡Ri nv‡Z Mov G iv‡óªi
cÖavb| GQvov, Zvu‡K ivóªxq Kv‡R mvnvh¨ Kivi Rb¨ wQj Zvui mnKvix, Mf©bi, wePviK, ˆmbëvwnbx,
†m‡µUvix Ges Zvu‡K civgk© †èvi Rb¨ wQj ïiv KvDwÝj (cwil`)| ZvB, Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z n‡j GB
KvVv‡gvi wfwË‡ZB Zv ˆZix Ki‡Z n‡e Ges GB KvVv‡gvB Aby‡gv`b Ki‡Z n‡e| Bmjvgx ivóª m¤úwK©Z G mKj
LyuwUbvwU welq¸‡jv eû msL¨K gvby‡li wek¦vm‡hvM¨ eY©bvi (ZvIqvZzi) gva¨‡g GK cÖRb¥ †_‡K cieZ©x
cÖR‡b¥i Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q‡Q| Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) g`xbvi Avmvi cÖ_g w`b †_‡KB ivóª cÖav‡bi f~wgKv cvjb
K‡i‡Qb| G `xN© mg‡q Avey eKi Ges ÕIgi Zvui mnKvix wQ‡jb| Zvui g„Zzï ci mvnvexMY me©m¤§wZµ‡g
ivóªcÖavb wnmv‡e Avey eKi‡K wbhy³ K‡ib, bex wKsev Inxi evZ©vevnK wnmv‡e bq| KviY, wZwb(mv.) wQ‡jb
me©‡kl bex Ges Zvui c‡i Avi KviI Kv‡Q Inx bvwhj n‡e bv|
Zvn‡j, †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, Avjvni ivmyyj(mv.) Zvui RxeÏkvqB GKwU cwic~Y© miKvi eë¯’v ‰Zix K‡iwQ‡jb|
e¯‘Zt g„Zzï ci wZwb(mv.) Ggb GK kvmb-eë¯’v ev miKvi-eë¯’v †i‡L hvb, hv BwZg‡a¨ mK‡ji Kv‡Q cwiwPZ I
my¯úó wQj|
Bmjvgx iv‡óªi cÖwZ Bû`x‡ì AvPiYt
Bû`xiv Avm‡j Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Rb¨ KL‡bvB †Zgb †Kvb ûgKx wQj bv| AvieivB g~jZt Avjvni ivmyj(mv.)Gi kvmb
KZ©‡Z¡i… mvg‡b ûgKx n‡q `vuwo‡qwQj, we‡kl K‡i KzivBkiv wQj G e¨vcv‡i AMÖMvgx| GRb¨B wZwb(mv.)
Bû`x‡ì mv‡_ Pzw³ ¯^v¶i K‡iwQ‡jb, †hb Bû`xiv Zvui KZ©Z¡… †g‡b †bq Ges ivmyj(mv.)Gi kÎ“c‡¶i mv‡_
‡KvbiKg ˆgÎxi eÜ‡b Ave× bv nq| wKš‘, Bû`xiv hLb †`L‡Z _v‡K †h, Bmjvgx ivóª w`‡b w`‡b kw³kvjx n‡q DV‡Q
Ges ‡nhv‡h gymwjg‡ì kvmb-KZ©Z¡… ax‡i ax‡i we¯Z…— n‡”Q, ZLb Zviv gymwjg‡ì wei“‡× bvbviKg
AccÖPvi I Kzrmv iUbv K‡i| e`‡ii hy‡× Kvwdi‡ì Dci gymwjg‡ì wbi¼zk weR‡qi ci Zviv AviI DwØMœ n‡q Zv‡ì
wg_¨v AccÖPv‡ii gvÎv e„w× K‡i, GgbwK Avjvni ivmyj(mv.)Gi wei“‡×I Zviv lohš¿ Ki‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i|
Bû`x‡ì G `~e„©Ëcbv I Pzovš— J×‡Zï K_v GKmgq Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Ges gymwjg‡ì Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q hvq| Gi
djkÖ“wZ‡Z, Bû`x I gymwjg‡ì ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ m„wó nq cÖPÛ N„Yv, we‡Øl I kÎ“Zv| `yB c¶B G‡K Ab¨‡K DwPZ
wk¶v †èvi Rb¨ gywL‡q _v‡K| Gw`‡K, mg‡qi mv‡_ mv‡_ Bû`x‡ì J×Z¨ w`‡b w`‡b evo‡ZB _v‡K| Bû`x‡ì g‡a¨
eby ÕDgvi Beb ÕAvDd †Mv‡Îi Avey ÕAvdvK bv‡gi GK
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e¨w³ gynv¤§`(mv.) Ges mvnvex‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ AcgvbRbK KweZv Ave„wË Ki‡Zv| ÕAvmgv webZ gviIqvb bv‡gi GK
gwnjv memgq Bmjvg‡K ‡nq cÖwZcbœ K‡i K_v ej‡Zv Ges ivmyj(mv.)†KI Zz”QZvw”Qj¨ Ki‡Zv| gymwjg bvixiv
c_-Nv‡U hvZvqvZ Kivi mgq KvÕe Beb Avkivd bv‡gi GK Bû`x Zv‡ì w`‡K Akxj evK¨ Qzu‡o w`Z| GgbwK, †m
g`xbv †_‡K g°vq wM‡q KzivBk‡ì gynv¤§`(mv.)Gi wei“‡× †¶wc‡q †Zvjvi Rb¨ D‡ËRK KweZv Ave„wZ Ki‡Zv|
G ch©v‡q, gymwjgiv Zv‡ì GB AZ¨vPvi mn¨ bv Ki‡Z †c‡i Zv‡ì GB Avkvq nZ¨v K‡i †h, G‡Z nq‡Zv Bû`xiv fxZ
n‡q G mg¯— RNb¨ Kvh©Kjvc †_‡K weiZ _vK‡e| wKš‘, Gic‡iI Bû`xiv Zv‡ì GB N„Yv wgwkªZ wg_¨v AccÖPvi
I AZ¨vPvi Pvwj‡q hvq Ges Gi gvÎv Pzovš— fv‡e e„w× K‡i|
cwiw¯’wZ wbqš¿‡b Avbvi Rb¨ Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Zv‡ì wewfbœ fv‡e mZ©K K‡ib Ges Zviv hw` GB mg¯—
RNb¨ Kvh©Kjvc †_‡K weiZ bv nq, Z‡e Zvi cwiYwZ wK n‡Z cv‡i ‡mUvI Zv‡ì Rvwb‡q ‡`b| wKš‘, †KvbwKQzB
Zv‡ì wbe„Z Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| GQvov, Avjvni ivmy‡ji G mZ©K evYx‡K Zviv ¸i“‡Z¡i mv‡_I MÖnb K‡i bv| eis, Zviv
gynv¤§`(mv.) Gi G mKj Dc‡`k‡K cy‡ivcywi cÖZ¨vLvb K‡i Pig we‡Ø‡li mv‡_ Zvu‡K e‡j,Ò‡kvb ‡n gynv¤§`!
Zzwg †eva nq fve‡Qv Avgiv †ZvgviB †jvK| wKš‘, wb‡R‡K åvwši— g‡a¨ †i‡Lv bv| hy× m¤ú‡K© †Kvb iKg Ávb
QvovB Zzwg kÎ“i gyKvwejv K‡i‡Qv Ges †mŠfvMëkZt djvdj †Zvgvi c‡¶B G‡m‡Q| Avjvni Kmg, Avgiv hw`
†Kvbw`b †Zvgvi mv‡_ hy× Kwi Zvn‡j Zzwg †`L‡e AvgivB cÖKZ… †hv×v|Ó
G ch©v‡q Avm‡j Avjvni ivmyj(mv.)Gi g`xbvi Bû`x‡ì wei“‡× hy× †Nvlbv Kiv Qvov Avi †Kvb Dcvq wQj bv|
Gici gymwjgiv eby KvBbyKvÕi `~M© †NivI K‡i Ges KvD‡K Zv‡ì emwZ †_‡K †ei n‡Z bv w`‡q 15 w`b Aei“×
K‡i iv‡L| GgbwK Ab¨vb¨‡ì Zv‡ì Kv‡Q Lv`¨`ªe¨ †cuŠ‡Q †`qv †_‡KI weiZ iv‡L| G Ae¯’vq Bû`x‡ì
gynv¤§`(mv.)Gi AvbyMZ¨ ¯^xKvi K‡i Zvui dqmvjv‡K †g‡b †bqv Qvov Avi †Kvb Dcvq _v‡K bv| Gici,
ivmyj(mv.) Zvui ¯^xq AbyMÖ‡n Bû`x‡ì‡K Zv‡ì mg¯— ab-m¤ú` I gvjvgvj wb‡q g`xbv Z¨vM Kivi AbygwZ †`b|
G dqmvjv †g‡b wb‡q Zviv g`xbv Z¨vM K‡i Iqv`x Avj-Kziv bvgK ¯’v‡b wKQzw`b Ae¯’vb K‡i| Zvici, Zviv g`xbvi
AviI DË‡i hvÎv K‡i Avj-kv‡gi mxgvšeZ©x— AÂj AvìvÕ†Z †cuŠQvq| e¯‘Zt eby KvBbyKvÕ †MvÎ‡K ewn¯‹vi
Kivi ci g`xbvi Bû`x‡ì †gi“`Û †f‡½ hvq Ges †h mg¯— Bû`xiv g`xbvq i‡q hvq Zviv ewn¯‹Z… nevi Avk¼vq
gymwjg‡ì KZ©‡Z¡i… Kv‡Q AvZ¥mg©cY K‡i| wKš‘, hLb Zviv cyYivq kw³ mÂq Ki‡Z _v‡K Zv‡ì †fZi AveviI
cyi‡bv N„Y¨ Af¨vm gv_vPvov w`‡q D‡V| we‡kl K‡i, Iû‡ì gq`v‡b gymwjg‡ì civR‡qi ci Zv‡ì †fZi cÖwZwnsmv
Avi N„Yvi Av¸b R¡‡j D‡V| AveviI Zviv gynv¤§`(mv.)Gi wei“‡× lohš¿ Ki‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i Ges GK ch©v‡q Zvu‡K
nZ¨v Kivi N„Y¨ Pµv‡š— wjß nq|
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Zv‡ì G †Mvcb Pµvš— m¤ú‡K© wKQzUv Av›`vR Ki‡jb Ges Zv‡ì G me N„Y¨ Pµv‡š—i
cÖKZ… ¯îƒc D‡¤§vPb Kivi j‡¶¨ wKQz c`‡¶c MÖnb Ki‡jb| GKw`b wZwb(mv.) Avey eKi, ÕIgi Ges ÕAvjx mn
`kRb mvnvev‡K wb‡q eëmvwqK Kv‡R eby bvwhi
†Mv‡Îi emwZ‡Z †M‡jb| Avjvni ivmyj(mv.)†K †`‡L Bû`xiv KwÎg… Avb›` D™vwmZ¢ n‡jv Ges mv`‡i Zvu‡K
eiY Ki‡jv| wKš‘, wKQz¶‡bi g‡a¨B wZwb(mv.) Zv‡ì AvPvi-AvPi‡b loh‡š¿i MÜ †c‡jb| GKRb Bû`x‡K
wZwb(mv.) GKcvk †_‡K †nu‡U †h‡Z †`L‡jb Ges Av‡iK Bû`x‡K wZwb(mv.) †h evox‡Z e‡m wQ‡jb †mLv‡b
XyK‡Z †`L‡jb| wek¦vmNvZKZvi Avk¼vq wZwb(mv.) `ª“Z‡e‡M †mLvb
†_‡K D‡V †M‡jb Ges Ggb fv‡e †mLvb †_‡K cÖ¯’vb Ki‡jb hv‡Z g‡b n‡jv wZwb(mv.) Avevi wKQz¶b c‡iB
wd‡i Avm‡eb| Gi g‡a¨ ïay GKUz mg‡qi Rb¨ ‡_‡g wZwb(mv.) GKRb mvnvex‡K ej‡jb, wZwb(mv.) wd‡i bv
Avmv ch©š— †hb †m GLv‡b A‡c¶v K‡i|
ivmyj(mv.)Gi AvKw¯§K cÖ¯’v‡b Bû`xivI wØav`‡›Øi †fZ‡i c‡o hvq| KviY, Dc‡i Dc‡i Zviv gymwjg‡ì mv‡_
LyeB eÜzZ¡c~Y© AvPib KiwQj| mvnvevMY GLv‡b wKQz¶b A‡c¶v K‡i Avjvni ivmy‡ji †Luv‡R evB‡i †ei nevi
wm×vš— ‡bb| †klch©š— Zviv ivmyj(mv.)†K gmwR‡` beexi g‡a¨ Lyu‡R cvb Ges bex(mv.) Zv‡ì‡K Bû`x‡ì
loh‡š¿i K_v AewnZ K‡ib| Gici, Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) gynv¤§` Beb gvmjvgvn‡K eby bvwhi †Mv‡Î cvwV‡q Bû`x‡ì
g`xbv Z¨vM Kivi wb‡`©k †`b| eby bvwhi †MvÎ‡K G wb‡`©k ev¯evwqZ— Kivi Rb¨ `kw`b mgq †`qv n‡qwQj
A_©vr, `kw`‡bi g‡a¨ Zv‡ì ‡`k Z¨vM Kivi Av‡`k †`qv n‡qwQj| `kw`b ciI Zviv †`kZ¨vM bv Kivq ivmyj(mv.) Zv‡ì
emwZ †NivI K‡ib| Ae‡k‡l, eby bvwhi i‡Y f½ w`‡q †`kZ¨vM Ki‡Z eva¨ nq| G‡ì g‡a¨ †KD †KD Lvqev‡i emwZ
¯’vcb K‡i| Avi, evKxiv Avj-kv‡gi AvìvÕ AÂ‡j P‡j hvq|
Zvici †_‡K g`xbv Bû`x‡ì `~e©„ËcYv †_‡K †gvUvgywU fv‡e gy³ n‡q hvq| ïay, eby KzivBhv bv‡g GKwU e„nr
Bû`x †MvÎ g`xbvq i‡q hvq| wKš‘, Pzw³ f‡½i †Kvb KvR bv Kivq Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Zv‡ì e¨vcv‡i bxie _v‡Kb|
wKš‘, G kvwšc~Y©— cwiw¯’wZ Avm‡j Lye ¯^í mg‡qi Rb¨B weivR K‡i| KviY, eby KzivBhv ¯^P‡¶ eby
KvBbyKvÕ I eby bvwhi †Mv‡Îi cwiYwZ †`‡LwQj| GQvov, Ae¯’vbMZ w`K †_‡K `~e©j _vKvq gymwjg‡ì
µgea©gvb cÖfve-cÖwZcwË wb‡qI Zviv µgkt DwØMœ n‡q cowQj| d‡j, ûqvB Beb KvÕe Gi wbKU n‡Z KzcÖ¯ve
— cvevi ci ZvivI `ª“Z Zv‡ì Ae¯’vb cwieZ©b K‡i Ges L›`‡Ki hy‡×i mgq
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gymwjg‡ì aŸsm Ki‡Z Avmv kÎ“c‡¶i mv‡_ wgÎZv Kivi h_vmva¨ cÖ‡Póv Pvjvq| g~jZt gymwjg‡ì c„w_ex ‡_‡K
wbwðý Kivi GB loh‡š¿ kixK n‡q Zviv ivmyj(mv.)Gi mv‡_ Zv‡ì KZ… Pzw³ f½ K‡i| AveviI Zviv Zv‡ì KZ…
Iqv`v f½ K‡i wek¦vmNvZKZvi g‡Zv N„Y¨ Kv‡R wjß nq| G Kvi‡YB, gynv¤§`(mv.) mw¤§wjZ kÎ“evwnbxi ûgKx
†_‡K gy³ nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_B eby KzivBhv‡K kv‡q¯v— Kivi wm×vš— †bb Ges 25 ivZ Zv‡ì `~M© †NivI K‡i
iv‡Lb| Aei“× Ae¯’vq `~M© †_‡K †ei n‡Z bv †c‡i Zviv Zxeª gvbwmK hš¿bvq Av”Qbœ nq Ges AvjvnZvqvjv
Zv‡ì Aš‡i— fxwZ m„wó K‡i †`b|
G ch©v‡q Zviv Avjvni ivmyj(mv.)†K Lei cvwV‡q e‡j,ÒAvgv‡ì Kv‡Q Avey jyevevn&‡K cvwV‡q w`b †hb
Avgiv mgm¨v mgvav‡b Zvi mv‡_ civgk© Ki‡Z cvwi|Ó Avey jyevevn& wQj Zv‡ì cÖv³b wgÎ †MvÎ eby
ÕAvD‡mi cÖwZwbwa| Zv‡K †`Lv gvÎB Zviv Zvi Kv‡Q Qz‡U Av‡m| Bû`x‡ì bvix I wkïiv Zvi Kv‡Q G‡m
Kvu`‡Z ïi“ K‡i| Zv‡ì Kvbœv †`‡L Avey jyevevn& LyeB `ytwLZ nb| Gici, Bû`xiv e‡j,Ò‡n Avey jyevevn&!
†Zvgvi wK g‡b nq Avgv‡ì gynv¤§‡ì dqmvjv †g‡b †bqv DwPZ?Ó Avey jyevevn& Ònu¨v,Ó m~PK DËi †`q Ges
Zvi nvZ w`‡q Mjvi w`‡K wb‡`©k K‡i dqmvjv †g‡b bv †bqvi fq¼i cwiYwZ m¤ú‡K© mZ©K K‡i| Zvici wZwb
wd‡i Av‡mb| KvÕe Beb Avmv` mg‡SvZv Kivi Rb¨ wKQz cÖ¯ve— †`q wKš‘ Bû`xiv ZvI cÖZ¨vLvb Ki‡j †m
e‡j,Ò‡Zvgv‡ì gynv¤§‡ì wm×vš— †g‡b †bqv Qvov Avi †Kvb Dcvq †bB|Ó Gici, Bû`xiv gynv¤§`(mv.)Gi Lei
cvVvq †hb, wZwb(mv.) Zv‡ì‡K Lvwj nv‡Z kni Z¨vM K‡i AvìvÕ hvevi AbygwZ †`b| wKš‘, wZwb(mv.) Zv
cÖZ¨vLvb K‡ib Ges Zv‡ì‡K Zvui dqmvjv †g‡b †bevi Rb¨ Pvc w`‡Z _v‡Kb|
G Ae¯’vi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z Bû`xiv Zv‡ì cÖv³b wgÎ AvDm‡K welqwU dqmvjv Kivi Aby‡iva Rvbvq| AvDm †MvÎ
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.)Gi Kv‡Q Avm‡j wZwb(mv.) Zv‡ì e‡jb,Ò‡n AvDm, ‡Zvgv‡ì ga¨ n‡Z †h †Kvb GKRb hw`
Zv‡ì KZK‡g©i… e¨vcv‡i wm×vš— †`q, Zvn‡j wK †Zvgiv G‡Z mš‘ó _vK‡e?Ó DË‡i Zviv e‡j,Ònu¨v, Avgiv Zv
MÖnb Ki‡ev|Ó Gici, ivmyj(mv.) e‡jb,ÒBû`x‡ì e‡j `vI †Zvgv‡ì ga¨ n‡Z hv‡K B”Qv Zv‡KB †hb Zviv
wbe©vwPZ K‡i|Ó
Bû`xiv AvDm †MvÎ †_‡K mvÕ` Beb gyÕqvR‡K wePviK wnmv‡e wbe©vwPZ K‡i| mvÕ` Dfq c¶ †_‡K G
cÖwZÁv †bq †h, †m †h wm×vš— ‡`‡e Dfqc¶‡KB webv cÖwZev‡` Zv †g‡b wb‡Z n‡e| `yB c¶B G‡Z m¤§Z nevi
ci, mvÕ` eby KzivBhv‡K Zv‡ì A¯¿m¯¿ mn `~M© †_‡K †ei n‡q Avmvi wb‡`©k †`b Ges Zvi mvg‡b Zv ivL‡Z
e‡jb | Bû`xiv Zvi wb‡`©k Abyhvqx A¯¿m¯¿ wb‡q Av‡m| Zvici, wZwb Zvi wePv‡ii ivq w`‡q e‡jb, eby KzivBhvi
cyi“l‡ì nZ¨v Kiv n‡e, Zv‡ì mg¯— m¤ú` gymwjg‡ì g‡a¨ fvM K‡i †`qv n‡e Ges Zv‡ì bvix I wkï‡ì hy×e›`x
wnmv‡e MÖnb Kiv n‡e| wePv‡ii G ivq †kvbvi ci Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) D”PK‡Ú e‡jb,ÒZvui kc_ hvi nv‡Z gynv¤§‡ì
cÖvY, Avjvn Ges gymwjgiv ‡Zvgvi dqmvjv‡K MÖnb K‡i‡Q Ges Avgvi c¶ †_‡K Avwg Aek¨B Zv ev¯—evqb
Ki‡ev|Ó Gici, wZwb(mv.) g`xbvi evRv‡i wM‡q †mLv‡b eo eo MZ© †Luvovi wb‡`©k †`b| `‡j `‡j Bû`x cyi“l‡ì
†mLv‡b Avbv nq| Zvici, Zv‡ì wki‡”Q` K‡i M‡Z©i †fZi cyu‡Z †djv nq| wZwb(mv.) Bû`x‡ì mg¯— ab-m¤ú`,
Rwg-Rgv, †LRyievMvb Ges bvix I wkï‡ì‡K gymwjg‡ì g‡a¨ fvM K‡i †`b| Avi, wb‡Ri Rb¨ Gi †_‡K GK cÂgvsk
iv‡Lb| wZwb(mv.) G hy×jä m¤ú` †_‡K cÖvß A‡_©i wKQzUv mvÕ` Beb hvwq` Avj-Avbmvix‡K A¯¿m¯¿ µq
Kivi Rb¨ †`b| mvÕ` bh&‡` wM‡q †Nvov I A¯¿m¯¿ wK‡b wb‡q Av‡m, hv gymwjg †mbvevwnbx I Zv‡ì
A¯¿fvÛvi‡K mg„× K‡i|
Gfv‡eB eby KzivBhv‡K cy‡ivcywi wbwðý K‡i †`qv nq| wKš‘, g`xbvi Av‡kcv‡ki Ab¨vb¨ Bû`x †MvÎ¸‡jv ZL‡bv
NvcwU †g‡i wQj| G‡ì g‡a¨ mePvB‡Z kw³kvjx wQj Lvqev‡ii Bû`x ‡MvÎ¸‡jv| Zviv Avjvni ivmyj(mv.)Gi mv‡_
†KvbiKg Pzw³ Ki‡ZI cÖ¯‘Z wQj bv| GQvov, û`vBweqvi mwÜi c~‡e© gymwjg‡ì aŸsm K‡i †`qvi j‡¶¨ Zviv
†Mvc‡b KzivBk‡ì mv‡_ lohš¿I K‡iwQj| d‡j, Zv‡ì ¯^vaxb Dcw¯’wZ Bmjvgx iv‡óª‡K cÖwZwbqZ KiwQj ûgKxi
m¤§yLxb| GRb¨, KzivBk‡ì mv‡_ û`vBweqv mwÜ Kivi ciciB Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Zvui †mbvevwnbx‡K Lvqevi
R‡qi cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z e‡jb| Gici, Lvqevi Rq Kivi j‡¶¨, 1700 gyRvwn` hvÎv Avi¤¢ K‡i, hv‡ì g‡a¨ 100 Rb wQj
Ak¦v‡ivnx| Avjvni mvnv‡hï e¨vcv‡i Zviv wQj wbwðZ| Gici, gymwjg evwnbx Lvqev‡i wM‡q Bû`x‡ì `~M©
†NivI K‡i iv‡L Ges Zv‡ì aŸsm Kivi cÖ¯‘wZ †bq| Iw`‡K, `~‡M©i †fZi Bû`xiv AvµgY cÖwZnZ Kivi Rb¨
wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ kjv-civgk© Ki‡Z _v‡K| mvjvg Beb gvmKvg bv‡gi GK Bû`x cÖ¯ve— †`q †h, Zviv Zv‡ì bvix-wkï I
Zv‡ì ab-m¤ú` Avj-IqvwZn& I Avj-mvjvwjg `~‡M© wbivc‡` †i‡L Avm‡e| Avi, Zv‡ì A¯¿fvÛvi jywK‡q ivL‡e
bvÕwqg `~‡M©| Gici, Bû`x †hv×viv mvjvg Beb gvmKv‡gi †bZ‡Z¡… bvZvZ `~‡M©i Af¨š‡i— Ae¯’vb †b‡e|
`yBc‡¶i g‡a¨ cÖ_g msNl© nq bvZvZ `~‡M©i Kv‡Q, Zvici Avi¤¢ nq fqven AvµgY, Avi cvëv AvµgY| ewY©Z
Av‡Q †h, H w`‡bi hy‡× 50 Rb gymwjg †hv×v AvnZ n‡qwQj| Avi, Bû`x‡ì †bZv mvjvg Beb gvmKvg wbnZ nIqvq
Avj-nvwiQ Beb Avwe hqbve Zv‡ì †bZZ¡… MÖnb K‡iwQj| GK ch©v‡q, Bû`x †bZv Avj-nvwiQ cÖv‡Yi SzuwK
wb‡q `„p wP‡Ë gymwjg‡ì gyKvwejv Kivi Rb¨ `~‡M©i evB‡i †ewi‡q Av‡m, wKš‘ Lvhiv‡Ri †hv×viv Zv‡K
wcQz nU‡Z eva¨ K‡i|
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Bû`x‡ì Aei“× K‡i gymwjgiv ax‡i ax‡i Zv‡ì AvµgY‡K AviI kvwbZ K‡i| Avi, Ab¨w`‡K Bû`xiv Zv me©kw³ w`‡q
cÖwZnZ Kivi †Póv K‡i| Gfv‡e wKQzw`b cvi nq| Gici, GKw`b Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Avey eKi(iv.)†K bvÕwqg
`~M© aŸsm Kivi Rb¨ †cÖiY K‡ib| wZwb ex‡ii g‡Zv hy× K‡ib, wKš‘ Zv‡K k~b¨ nv‡Z wd‡i Avm‡Z nq| ciw`b,
ivmyj(mv.) ÕIgi(iv.)‡K GKB `vwq‡Z¡ wbhy³ K‡ib| wKš‘, wZwbI k~b¨ nv‡Z wd‡i Av‡mb| me‡k‡l, wZwb(mv.)
ÕAvjx(iv.)†K ‡W‡K e‡jb,ÒGB cZvKv nv‡Z GwM‡q hvI †h ch©š— bv Avjvn †Zvgv‡K weRq `vb bv K‡ib|Ó G
wb‡`©‡ki ci ÕAvjx(iv.) `~‡M©i w`‡K iIbv n‡q hvb| `~‡M©i KvQvKvwQ †cuŠQv‡bvi ci wKQz Bû`x †hv×v †ei
n‡q G‡m Zv‡K AvµgY K‡i| GK Bû`xi AvNv‡Z Zvi nvZ †_‡K eg© c‡o hvq| Gici, ÕAvjx `~‡M©i ìRv k³ K‡i
a‡ib Ges G ìRv‡KB Xvj wnmv‡e eënvi K‡i hy× Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| `~‡M©i cÖwZi¶v eë¯’v aŸsm bv Kiv ch©š—
wZwb ìRv a‡iB AvµgY Pvjv‡Z _v‡Kb| Zvici, wZwb `~‡M©i G ìRv‡K A¯’vqx †mZz wnmv‡e eënvi K‡i evKx
gymwjg‡ì Bû`x‡ì myiw¶Z Av¯vbvq— †XvKvi eë¯’v K‡i †`b|
bvÕwqg `~M©‡K wb‡R‡ì Kâvq Avbvi ciciB gymwjgiv Bû`x‡ì Ab¨vb¨ `~M©¸‡jv AvµgY Ki‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i Ges
GKUvi ci GKUv `~M© aŸsm K‡i wb‡R‡ì wbqš¿‡b wb‡q Av‡m| †klch©š,— Zviv Avj-IqvwZn& Ges Avj-
mvjvwjg `~M©‡K AvµgY Ki‡Z GwM‡q hvq| G ch©v‡q, Bû`xiv weR‡qi Avkv G‡Kev‡iB †Q‡o w`‡q gymwjg‡ì
Kv‡Q AvZ¥mg©cY K‡i| Zviv kvwšPzw³i— wewbg‡q gynv¤§`(mv.)Gi Kv‡Q Zv‡ì Rxeb wf¶v K‡i| Avjvni
ivmyj(mv.) Zv‡ì G cÖ¯ve— †g‡b wb‡q Zv‡ì‡K Lvqev‡i emevm Kivi AbygwZ †`q| Z‡e, hy‡×i bxwZgvjv
Abyhvqx Bû`x‡ì mg¯— m¤ú` gymwjg‡ì AwaKv‡i P‡j Av‡m| Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Zv‡ì G k‡Z© Lvqev‡i emevm
Kivi AbygwZ †`q †h, GLvbKvi mg¯— f~wg‡Z Drcvw`Z djg~j I k‡lï A‡a©K Zviv gymwjg‡ì †`‡e Avi evKx
A‡a©K Zviv gRyix wnmv‡e †i‡L †`‡e| Gfv‡e, Lvqev‡i Bmjvgx iv‡óªi wbqš¿b cÖwZwôZ nq| Gw`‡K, dv`v‡Ki
Bû`xiv Lvqev‡ii Bû`x‡ì AvZ¥mg©c‡Yi K_v Rvb‡Z †c‡i cÖvYf‡q Zv‡ì Drcvw`Z A‡a©K dm‡ji wewbg‡q
gymwjg‡ì mv‡_ kvwšPzw³— K‡i| Gici, Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Iqvw` Avj-Kziv n‡q g`xbvq wd‡i Avmvi cÖ¯‘wZ
†bb| gymwjg evwnbxi cÖZ¨veZ©b Kv‡j ‡Kvb iKg hy× QvovB ZvqgvÕi Bû`xiv gymwjg‡ì wRwhqv w`‡Z m¤§Z
nq Ges Zv‡ì AvwacZ¨ †g‡b †bq|
G mg¯— NUbvi djkÖ“wZ‡Z, mg¯— Avie DcØx‡c Bû`x‡ì kvmb-KZ©Z¡… G‡Kev‡i wbwðý n‡q hvq| Avi,
Gfv‡eB Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) mgMÖ Avi‡e Zvui kvmb-KZ©Z¡… we¯Z…— K‡i Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Af¨šixb— wbivcËv
I w¯’wZkxjZv wbwðZ K‡ib|
Bmjvgx iv‡óªi avivevwnKZvt
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.)Gi B‡šKv‡ji— ci mvnvevMY me©m¤§wZµ‡g ivóªcÖavb wnmv‡e ivmyj(mv.)Gi ¯’‡j GKRb
Lwjdv wb‡qvM K‡i Zv‡K evBÕqvZ †èvi wm×vš— †bb| G cÖwµqv AbymiY K‡i, gymwjgiv 1342 wnRix ev
1924 mvj ch©š— avivevwnK fv‡e Lwjdv wb‡qvM K‡i| Z‡e, Zviv wbhy³ Lwjdv‡K Avwgi Avj-gyÕwgbxb
(gywgb‡ì †bZv) wKsev mvavib fv‡e Bgvg e‡jI m‡¤^vab KiZ|
Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡m evBÕqvZ MÖnb Qvov KL‡bv †KD Lwjdv nqwb| Bmjvgx ivóª GB wbq‡gi avivevwnKZv Zvi
Aw¯Z¡— wU‡K _vKvi †kl w`b ch©š— i¶v K‡i‡Q| Z‡e, evBÕqv‡Zi cÖ‡qvM wewfbœ mgq wewfbœ fv‡e n‡q‡Q|
†Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î Lwjdv‡K mivmwi evBÕqvZ †`qv n‡q‡Q| †Kvb mgq LwjdvMY Zv‡ì AvZ¥xq-¯^R‡bi evB‡i
Ab¨ KvD‡K Lwjdv wnmv‡e g‡bvbxZ K‡i‡Qb| †KD †KD Avevi ¯^xq cyÎ ev cwiev‡ii Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨‡ì g‡bvbxZ
K‡i‡Qb| Avi, Abïv Zv‡ì cwiev‡ii ga¨ n‡Z GKvwaK m`m¨‡K Lwjdv wnmv‡e g‡bvbqb w`‡q †M‡Qb| wKš‘, GB
g‡bvbqb KL‡bvB Lwjdv nevi Rb¨ h‡_ó wQj bv| eiÂ, Lwjdvi `vwqZ¡ ey‡S †bevi Av‡M Zv‡K Aek¨B gymwjg‡ì
c¶ n‡Z evBÕqvZ MÖnb Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| evBÕqvZ Qvov †Kvb Lwjdv‡KB KL‡bv G c‡ì `vwqZ¡ †`qv nq bvB|
evBÕqvZ MÖn‡bi c×wZI memgq GKiKg wQj bv| KL‡bv Avnj& Avj-nvj Iqvj ÕAvK`& (mgv‡Ri m¤§vwbZ I
wewkó e¨w³eM©) Gi KvQ †_‡K evBÕqvZ MÖnb Kiv n‡q‡Q| KL‡bv Avevi Rbmvavi‡bi KvQ †_‡KI evBÕqvZ
†bqv n‡q‡Q| Avevi, †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î kvBL Avj-Bmjvg (cÖwm× ÕAvwjg) Gi KvQ †_‡K evBÕqvZ MÖnb Kiv
n‡q‡Q| Z‡e, wKQz wbw`©ó mg‡q evBÕqvZ MÖnb c×wZi Aceënvi n‡q‡Q| wKš‘, Zvic‡iI GB evBÕqvZ MÖnb
c×wZ memgqB Kvh©Ki wQj Ges evBÕqvZ e¨ZxZ ‡KD KL‡bv DËivwaKvi m~‡Î wLjvdZ ivóªeë¯’vi cÖavb ev
Lwjdv wnmv‡e `vwqZ¡ MÖnb K‡iwb|
cÖ‡Z¨K LwjdvB Zvi mvnvh¨Kvix wnmv‡e GKvwaK mnKvix wbhy³ K‡i‡Qb, hv‡ì BwZnv‡m wKQz mgq ch©š
— IqvwRi (mnKvix) ejv nZ| GQvov, LwjdvMY wewfbœ cÖ‡`‡ki Mf©bi, cÖavb wePvicwZ, †mbvevwnbx cÖavb
Ges ivóªxq cÖwZwU wefv‡Mi wefvMxq cÖavb‡K wbhy³ Ki‡Zb| Bmjvgx iv‡óªi KvVv‡gv memgqB GB iKgB
wQj| mvgªvRëv`x Kvwdiiv ÕDmgvbx wLjvdZ eë¯’v‡K aŸsm K‡i Bmjvgx ivóª‡K †f‡½ ¶z`ª ¶z`ª iv‡óª cwiYZ
Kivi c~e© ch©š— G iv‡óªi KvVv‡gv KL‡bv cwiewZ©ZI nqwb|
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BwZnv‡mi cy‡ivUv mgq Ry‡oB Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Af¨š‡i— bvbviKg NUbvi AeZviYv n‡qwQj| Z‡e, †ekxi fvM
†¶‡ÎB G NUbv¸‡jv evB‡ii kw³ ev KviY w`‡q wbqwš¿Z wQj bv| e¯‘Zt G NUbv¸‡jv wQj ZrKvjxb cwiw¯’wZi
†cÖ¶vc‡U Bmjv‡gi e¨vL¨v wb‡q fyj †evSveywSi djvdj| cieZ©x mg‡q hviv G NUbv¸‡jv we‡klY K‡i‡Q Zviv
Zv‡ì wbR¯^ wPšv—-fvebv Abyhvqx G †cÖ¶vcU‡K wfbœ fv‡e e¨vL¨v Kivi †Póv K‡i‡Q| g~jZt Bmjv‡gi e¨vL¨v
wb‡q hv‡ì g‡a¨ fyj †evSveywSi m„wó n‡q‡Q, Zv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡K Bmjv‡gi Av‡jv‡KB ZrKvjxb cwiw¯’wZ‡K
wbR¯^ gZvgZ Abyhvqx e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Q| wKš‘, ZviciI Zv‡ì G wewfbœ ai‡bi e¨vL¨v wQj BmjvwgK|
GB gZ‡f`¸‡jv Avm‡j GKRb e¨w³ wnmv‡e Lwjdvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z wQj, Lwjdvi c` ev `vwq‡Z¡i mv‡_
m¤úwK©Z wQj bv| D`vnib ¯î“c ejv hvq, gZcv_©K¨ wQj †K Lwjdv n‡e †m wel‡q, wKš‘ kvmb-eë¯’vi KvVv‡gv
wb‡q †Kvb gZcv_©K¨ wQj bv| gZcv_©K¨ memgqB mxgve× wQj wKQz ¶z`ª wel‡qi g‡a¨| d‡j, kvmb-eë¯’vi
wfwË ev g~jbxwZi mv‡_ Gi †Kvb m¤úK© wQj bv| †KviAvb I mybœvn ‡h kvmb-eë¯’vi g~jwfwË n‡e, G wel‡q
gymwjg‡ì g‡a¨ KL‡bv gZ‡f` nqwb| gZcv_©K¨ n‡qwQj †KviAvb I mybœvni e¨vL¨vq| GKB fv‡e, GKRb
Lwjdv‡K †h gymwjg D¤§vn&i †bZv wnmv‡e wbhy³ Ki‡Z n‡e, G wel‡qI gymwjg‡ì g‡a¨ KL‡bv gZ‡f` nqwb|
wKš‘, †K Lwjdv wnmv‡e wbhy³ n‡e Zv wb‡q gZ‡f` n‡qwQj| GQvov, gymwjgiv memgqB G e¨vcv‡i GKgZ wQj
†h, Øxb-Bmjvg‡K Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU †¶‡Î cwic~Y© fv‡e ev¯evqb— Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Bmjv‡gi Av‡jvwKZ
Avnevb‡K mg¯— c„w_ex e¨vcx Qwo‡q w`‡Z n‡e| Avjvni ûKzg-AvnKvg‡K ev¯evwqZ— Ki‡Z n‡e Ges gvbyl‡K
Øxb-Bmjv‡gi w`‡K Avnevb Ki‡Z n‡e, G wfwËi DciB mKj Lwjdv kvmbKvh© cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zv | G‡ì g‡a¨ †KD
†KD Aek¨ Bmjvg‡K fyj fv‡e †evSvi Kvi‡Y Bmjv‡gi AvBb-Kvby‡bi fyj cÖ‡qvM K‡iwQj| Avi †KD †KD
B”QvKZ… fv‡eB Gme AvBb-Kvby‡bi Aceënvi K‡iwQj| wKš‘, mewKQzi c‡iI Zviv mK‡jB ïay Bmjvg‡KB
ev¯evqb— K‡iwQj| Zv‡ì mK‡jB Bmjv‡gi wfwË‡Z Ges Bmjv‡gi Avnevb mg¯— c„w_ex‡Z we¯Z…— Kivi
D‡Ï‡k¨B Ab¨vb¨ †`k, RvwZ I gvby‡li mv‡_ m¤úK© eRvq †i‡LwQj|
GRb¨B, wewfbœ wel‡q gymwjg‡ì g‡a¨ GB Avf¨šixb— gZcv_©K¨ KL‡bv Bmjv‡gi RqhvÎv‡K ¯ä— Ki‡Z
cv‡iwb, wKsev cv‡iwb Bmjv‡gi we¯vi— †iv‡a Kvh©Kix †Kvb f~wgKv ivL‡Z| eiÂ, cÖwZwôZ nevi ci †_‡K
11Õk wnRix (17Õk Lªxóvã) ch©š— Bmjvgx ivóª †KviAv‡bi Av‡jvwKZ Avnevb‡K c„w_exe¨vcx we¯Z…—
Ki‡Z G‡Ki ci GK AÂj Rq K‡i‡Q| Bmjv‡gi cZvKvZ‡j G‡m‡Q cvim¨, fviZel© I K‡Kwkqv (ivwkqvi GKwU Ask)|
c~‡e© Bmjvgx iv‡óªi mxgvbv Pxb, ivwkqv Ges Kvw¯úqvb mvMi ch©š— we¯Z…— n‡q‡Q| GQvov, Bmjvgx
iv‡óªi Aax‡b G‡m‡Q cwð‡g wgki, DËi Avwd«Kv, Av›`vjym (†¯úb) Ges DË‡i kv‡gi mgMÖ AÂj| GKB mv‡_
Avbv`&nDj (Zzi¯‹), ejKvb, `w¶b I c~e© BD‡ivc Rq K‡i G iv‡óªi mxgvbv †cuŠ‡Q †M‡Q e¨vK mx ch©š|—
Bmjvgx ivóª AviI Rq K‡i‡Q Avj-K¡vivg (µvBwgb DcØxc) Ges BD‡µ‡bi `w¶bvÂj| we¯xY©— f~wg‡Z Bmjvg
cÖwZwôZ Kievi ci G iv‡óªi †mbvevwnbx †cuŠ‡Q‡Q G‡Kev‡i wf‡qbvi ìRv ch©š|— e¯‘Zt gvbwmK `~e©jZv
D¤§vni †fZi †kKo †Mu‡o bv emv ch©š— Ges Bmjv‡gi Ace¨vL¨v Zxeª AvKv‡i cÖKvwkZ bv nIqv ch©š,—
kw³kvjx gymwjg evwnbx bv †Kvbw`b †`k Rq Kiv eÜ K‡i‡Q, Avi bv Bmjv‡gi Avnevb‡K wek¦e¨vcx we¯Z…—
Kiv †_‡K weiZ †_‡K‡Q| Gici, Bmjvgx ivóª `ª“Z AatcZ‡bi w`‡K P‡j hvq| GgbwK Bmjvg ewn©f~Z Rxebeë¯’v
†_‡K cÖvß AvBb-Kvbyb‡KI kixqvn& AvB‡bi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K bq ‡f‡e ¯^xKwZ… †`q Ges †klch©š— aŸsm
n‡q hvq|
Avm‡j, Bmjvgx iv‡óªi DbœwZ I mgw„×i inm¨ wbwnZ wQj G iv‡óªi eyyw×e„wËK kw³mvg ¨,© Gi m„RbkxjZv
Ges BRwZnv` I wKqvm (†hŠw³K Zzjbvg~jK e¨vL¨vi gva¨‡g Bmjvgx kixqvnÕi g~j Drm †_‡K ûKzg †ei Kiv) Kivi
¶gZvi Dci| wnRix cÖ_g kZvãx‡Z we¯xY©— AÂj Rq Kivi ci Bmjvgx ivóª hLb e¨vcK fv‡e we¯Z…— nj, ZLb
AwaKZ… GjvKv¸‡jv‡Z D™¢yZ bZzb bZzb mgm¨v mgvavb Ki‡Z wM‡q BRwZnv` GK bZzb gvÎv jvf K‡iwQj|
bZzb bZzb wel‡q kixqvn& AvB‡bi ev¯evqb— g~jZt cvim¨, BivK, Avj-kvg, wgki, †¯úb, fviZel© Ges Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki
Awaevmx‡ì Bmjv‡g MÖn‡b DØy× K‡iwQj| Avi, ZrKvjxb GB cwiw¯’wZ gymwjg‡ì KZ… BRwZnv‡ì
MÖnb‡hvM¨Zv I bZzb mgm¨v mgvav‡b Zv‡ì m„RbkxjZv‡KI wbwðZ K‡iwQj| wnRix cÂg kZvãx ch©š— G
Ae¯’v weivRgvb _v‡K| Zvici, KvVv‡gvMZ fv‡e hLb Bmjvgx ivóª `~e©j n‡Z _v‡K, †mBmv‡_ gymwjg‡ì
m„RbkxjZv I BRwZnv` Kivi ¶gZvI ax‡i ax‡i bó n‡q hvq|
Gi g‡a¨ Avevi msNwUZ nq µz‡mW Ges weRqx kw³ wnmv‡e c~Yivq Avwe©f~Z bv nIqv ch©š— G µz‡mW
gymwjg‡ì gbgMR Av”Qbœ K‡i iv‡L| Gic‡i Av‡m gvgjyK‡ì ivRZ¡Kvj| Zviv Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Pvj‡Ki Avm‡b e‡m
wVKB, wKš‘ eyw×e„wËK welq¸‡jv LyeB Kg ¸i“‡Z¡i mv‡_ we‡ePbv K‡i| d‡j, gymwjg‡ì eyw×e„wËK
AÜZ¡ AviI we¯Z…— nq Ges ivR‰bwZK wPšv—-‡PZbv AmviZvi ch©v‡q ‡cuŠ‡Q hvq| Gici, ZvZvi‡ì
aŸsmvZ¥K AvMÖvm‡bi d‡j gymwjgiv Ávb-weÁv‡bi †¶‡Î e¨vcK ¶wZi m¤§yLxb nq| ZvZvi evwnbx KZ©K…
wecyj msL¨K eB-cy¯K— UvBMÖxm b`x‡Z wbw¶ß nIqv Ges Zv‡ì nv‡Z DËivwaKvi m~‡Î AwR©Z wekvj
ÁvbfvÛvi aŸsm cÖvß nIqvi NUbv eyw×e„wËK k~Y¨Zv‡K AviI evwo‡q †Zv‡j| Avi, G mg¯— KviY †_‡K
DrmwiZ Mfxi eyw×e„wËK k~Y¨ZvB g~jZt BRwZnv‡ì c_‡K
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Aei“× K‡i| d‡j, bZzb cwiw¯’wZi †cÖ¶vc‡U hLb mg‡qvc‡hvMx wm×v‡ši— cÖ‡qvRb nq, ZLb BRwZnv‡ì
cwie‡Z© ïay d‡Zvqv Rvwi Kiv wKsev ‡KviAvb I mybœvnÕi weKZ… I Ace¨vL¨vi g‡a¨B welqwU mxgve× _v‡K|
G mg¯— NUbvi djkÖ“wZ‡Z, ivR‰bwZK I eyw×e„wËK w`K †_‡K Bmjvgx ivóª cZ‡bv¤§yL Ae¯’vi m¤§yLxb
nq| G ch©v‡q Av‡m ÕDmgvbx wLjvd‡Zi hyM| ¶gZvq Av‡ivnb Kivi ci Zviv mvgwiK evwnbxi kw³mvg_©¨ e„w×i
w`‡K g‡bv‡hvMx nq Ges B¯v¤^yj— (KÝU¨vw›U‡bvcj) I ejKvb AÂj Rq K‡i †bq| Bmjvgx ivóª‡K AveviI
†bZ‡Z¡i… Avm‡b ewm‡q Zviv `k©bxq fv‡e BD‡ivc ZQ&bQ& K‡i ‡`q| wKš‘, G me †KvbwKQzB gymwjg‡ì
eyw×e„wËK fv‡e c~YtRvMwiZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Avm‡j,ÕDmgvbx wLjvd‡Zi mg‡q gymwjg‡ì mvgwiK evwnbxi
kw³mvg_©¨ e„w× n‡qwQj wVKB, wKš‘ Zv eyw×e„wËK c~YtRvMi‡bi wfwË‡Z nqwb| d‡j, Bmjvgx iv‡óªi
mvgwiK evwnbxi GB `~`©vš— cÖZvc mg‡qi mv‡_ ey`&ey‡ì g‡Zv wgwj‡q †h‡Z _v‡K Ges GKmgq m¤ú~b©
fv‡e wbwðý n‡q hvq| wKš‘, G mKj mxgve×Zv _vKv m‡Ë¡I ÕDmgvbx wLjvdZ mvd‡jï mv‡_ Øxb Bmjvg‡K
we¯Z…— K‡iwQj| Avi, wewfbœ AÂ‡j enb K‡iwQj Bmjv‡gi Av‡jvwKZ Avnevb| wewRZ G me AÂ‡ji
Awaevmxiv GKmgq BmjvgI MÖnb K‡iwQj| G AÂ‡j eZ©gv‡b j¶ j¶ gymwj‡gi Dcw¯’wZi KwZZ¡… A‡bKUvB
ÕDmgvbx Lwjdv‡ì|
wbgœwjwLZ KviY `ywU wKQz Lwjdv I Mf©bi‡K Ggb fv‡e ivóª cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i‡Q, hv Bmjvgx
iv‡óªi HKë× kw³ I cÖfve-cÖwZcwË‡K µgk `~e©j K‡i‡Q|
1. Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Af¨š‡i— wewfbœ ai‡bi gZvg‡Zi Dcw¯’wZ weivR Kiv| (kixqvn& cÖ`Ë ûKz‡gi e¨vcv‡i)
2. ivR‰bwZK eë¯’vi †¶‡Î, LwjdvMY KZ©K… wbw`©ó wKQz ûKzg-AvnKvg‡K MÖnb Kivi †¶‡Î
MvwdjwZ Kiv, hwÌ Ab¨vb¨ †¶‡Î, †hgb A_©‰bwZK †¶‡Î wbw`©ó wKQz ûKzg-AvnKvg‡K MÖnb Kiv
n‡qwQj|
wKš‘, G mKj KviYI Avm‡j G iv‡óªi Aw¯Z¡‡K— wecbœ Kivi Rb¨ h‡_ó wQj bv| D`vnib ¯îƒc ejv hvq, Mf©Yi‡ì
mvavib fv‡e wKQz kvmb-¶gZv wQj Ges GB ¶gZv wQj e¨vcK| G ¶gZve‡jB Zviv Lwjdvi cÖwZwbwa ev mnKvix
wnmv‡e wewfbœ wel‡q ¯^vaxb fv‡e wm×vš— wb‡Z cvi‡Zv| e¨vcK G kvmb-¶gZvi AwaKvix n‡q wKQz wKQz
Mf©Yi GKmgq wb‡R‡ì me©gq ¶gZvi AwaKvix fve‡Z ïi“ K‡i Ges ¯^vaxb I ¯^vqZ¡kvwmZ f~-L‡Ûi kvm‡Ki
g‡Zv AvPib Ki‡Z _v‡K| Lwjdvi cÖwZ Zv‡ì AvbyMZ¨ ïay Lwjdv‡K evBÕAvZ cÖ`vb Kiv, RyÕgvi bvgv‡R Zvi
Rb¨ †`vqv Kiv, gy`ªv‡Z Zvi bvg eënvi Kiv mn Ab¨vb¨ ‡QvULvU wel‡qi g‡a¨B mxgve× _v‡K| wKš‘, Zv‡ì
Aaxb¯— AÂ‡ji kvmb-KZZ¡©… cy‡ivcywi fv‡eB Zv‡ì Kv‡Q P‡j hvq| d‡j, Bmjvgx iv‡óªi GB cÖ‡`k¸‡jv Kvh©Z
¯^vqZ¡kvwmZ ¶z`ª ¶z`ª iv‡óª cwiYZ nq| D`vnib ¯îƒc, nvg`vwbBb, mvjhyK Ges Ab¨vb¨ kvmbvg‡ji K_v ejv hvq|
wKš‘, Iqvjx ev Mf©Yi‡ì GB e¨vcK ¶gZvi Kvi‡YI Avm‡j Bmjv‡gi wekvj ivóª LÛ LÛ n‡q ¶z`ª ¶z`ª ivóª ˆZix
nqwb|
‡hgb, wgk‡ii Mf©Yi wnmv‡e wbhy³ ÕAvgi Beb Avj-ÕAvmI e¨vcK ¶gZvi AwaKvix wQ‡jb| GKB fv‡e,
gyÕqvwqqv Beb Avey mywdqvbI kv‡gi wekvj AÂ‡ji Mf©Yi wQ‡jb| wKš‘, Zv m‡Ë¡I, GB Mf©Yiiv KL‡bvB
wb‡R‡ì wLjvdZ ivóªeë¯’v †_‡K wew”Qbœ K‡ibwb| wKš‘, cieZ©x mg‡q hLb ivóª cwiPvjbvi †¶‡Î Lwjdv‡ì
`~e©jZv cÖKvk n‡Z _v‡K, ZLb Mf©Yi‡ì †fZi cÖ‡`k¸‡jv‡K ¯^vaxb I ¯^vqZ¡kvwmZ ivóª wnmv‡e kvmb Kivi
GB aviv ax‡i ax‡i ‡kuKo M‡o e‡m| d‡j, DjvBqvn& ev cÖ‡`k¸‡jv wekvj Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Ask wnmv‡e GKK miKvi-
eë¯’vi Aax‡b _vKv m‡Ë¡I ¶z`ª ¯^vaxb iv‡óªi g‡Zv AvPiY Ki‡Z _v‡K|
wKš‘, G mewKQz m‡Ë¡I Bmjvgx ivóª Awef³ wQj| GKK ivóª wnmv‡e Gi HK¨ wQj AUzU, †hLv‡b LwjdvMY
memgqB Iqvjx ev Mf©Yi‡K wbhy³ Ki‡Zb wKsev c`Pz¨Z Ki‡Zb| Avi, Mf©Yiiv h‡Zv ¶gZvi AwaKvixB †nvK bv
†Kb, ZvivI KL‡bv wb‡R‡ì Lwjdvi kvmb-KZ©Z¡… †_‡K wew”Qbœ Kivi `ytmvnm †`Lvqwb| ev¯eZv— n‡jv,
Bmjvgx ivóª BwZnv‡mi †Kvb mg‡qB wewfbœ cÖ‡`‡ki mgš^‡q MwVZ Kb‡dWv‡ikb wQj bv, GgbwK hLb
Mf©Yiiv kvmb-KZ©‡Z¡i… †¶‡Î Pzovš— ¯^vaxbZv Dc‡fvM K‡i‡Q ZL‡bv bv| GUv memgqB wQj GKwU GKK
ivóª, hvi cÖavb wQ‡jb GKRb Lwjdv| mg¯— iv‡óªi Dci ZviB wQj me©gq ¶gZv| GgbwK, iv‡óªi Af¨ši¯’— †QvU
†QvU MÖv‡gI Lwjdvi KZ©Z¡B… weivRgvb wQj|
GQvov, †¯ú‡b wLjvdZ iv‡óªi cÖwZôv Ges wgk‡i dvwZwg` ivóª R‡b¥i welq¸‡jv wQj Ab¨ ai‡bi mgm¨v| G¸‡jv
wVK ¯^vwqZ¡kvwmZ Mf©Yi‡ì ˆZix Kiv mgm¨vi g‡Zv wQj bv| †¯ú‡bi Mf©Yiiv Zv‡ì Aaxb¯— cÖ‡`‡ki
(DjvBqvn&) Dci me©gq KZ©Z¡… cÖwZwôZ K‡iwQj, Avi †mB mv‡_ Zv‡ì kvwmZ cÖ‡`k‡K ¯^vaxb ivóª
wnmv‡e †NvlbvI w`‡qwQj| wKš‘, GB Mf©Yi‡ì‡K mgMÖ gymwjg D¤§vn KL‡bv Lwjdv wnmv‡e evBÕAvZ
†`qwb| cieZ©x mg‡q, GB Mf©Yiiv wb‡R‡ì D³ cÖ‡`‡k emevmKvix gymwjg‡ì Lwjdv wnmv‡e †NvlbvI
w`‡qwQj|
65
wKš‘, mgMÖ gymwjg D¤§vnÕi Lwjdv wnmv‡e ¯^xKwZ… Zviv KL‡bvB cvqwb| e¯‘Zt ZL‡bv, mgMÖ gymwjg
D¤§vn&i Lwjdv GKRbB wQj| Avi, kvmb-KZ©Z¡I… wQj Zvi nv‡ZB| †¯ú‡bi DjvBqvn&‡KI (cÖ‡`k) †mB mgq
Avjv`v GKwU DjvBqvn& ev cÖ‡`k wnmv‡eB ¯^xKwZ… †`qv n‡Zv, ïay GB cÖ‡`kwU wLjvdZ ivóªeë¯’v ev
Lwjdvi Aax‡b wQj bv| ÕDmgvbx kvmbvg‡j Biv‡bi †¶‡Î GKB e¨vcvi N‡UwQj| Biv‡b †Kvb Lwjdv wQj bv, wKš‘,
DjvBqvn& ev cÖ‡`k wnmv‡e Bivb Avevi Lwjdvi KZ©‡Z¡i… Aax‡bI wQj bv| Avi, dvwZwg`‡ì ivóª MwVZ
n‡qwQj BmgvBjx‡ì Øviv, hviv cÖKZ… A‡ © wQj Bmjvg ewn©f~Z m¤cÖ`vq|
myZivs, Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z dvwZwg`‡ì Kg©Kv‡Ûi †Kvb AvBbMZ êaZv †bB Ges Zv‡ì cÖwZwôZ ivóªI Bmjvgx
ivóª wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ nevi c‡¶ †Kvb hyw³ †bB| AveŸvmxq wLjvd‡Zi cvkvcvwk Zv‡ì cÖwZwôZ ivóª‡K ZvB
†Kvbfv‡eB G‡Ki AwaK wLjvdZ ivóª wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv hyw³hy³ bq| KviY, dvwZwgìv c_åó m¤cÖ`vq nIqvq
kixqvn& AvB‡bi `„wó‡Z Zv‡ì cÖwZwôZ iv‡óªi êaZv wQj bv| Avm‡j, GB m¤cÖ`vqwU ‡Mvcb mvgwiK
Afy¨Ìv‡bi gva¨‡g Bmjvgx ivóª‡K Ggb fv‡e cwieZ©b Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj, ‡hb Zv‡ì åvš— gZv`k© ØvivB Bmjvgx
ivóª wbqwš¿Z nq| wKš‘, Zv‡ì †m †Póv mdj nqwb| Gic‡iI Bmjvgx ivóª Awef³ †_‡K Gi GKZv eRvq †i‡L‡Q| hwÌ
wewfbœ mg‡q wfbœ gZvj¤^x m¤cÖ`vq Zv‡ì åvš— a¨vb-aviYvi wfwË‡Z Gi kvmb-KZ©Z¡… wQwb‡q †bevi
†Póv K‡i‡Q, wKš‘ Kvh©Z, GB me Ac‡Póv Bmjvgx ivóª‡K KL‡bv LÛ-weLÛ K‡i eûmsL¨K iv‡óª cwiYZ Ki‡Z
cv‡iwb|
Gfv‡eB wfbœ gZvj¤^x‡ì mKj cÖ‡Póv‡K e¨ © K‡i w`‡q BwZnv‡m Bmjvgx ivóª Awef³ _v‡K| hwÌ wewfbœ
mg‡q wewfbœ m¤cÖ`vq Zv‡ì wbR¯^ a¨vb-aviYvi wfwË‡Z ivóª cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jv Ges g~jZt G Awfjvl
†_‡KB Zviv ¶gZv `L‡ji cÖqvm Pvwj‡qwQj, wKš‘, †kl ch©š— G mg¯— cÖwZKzj cwiw¯’wZi †gvKvwejv K‡i
Bmjvgx ivóª GKwU Awef³ GKK ivóª wnmv‡eB wU‡K wQ‡jv| Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Awef³Zv Ges GKwU GKK Awfbœ
ivóª wnmv‡e wU‡K _vKvi me‡P‡q eo cÖgvY n‡jv, wewfbœ DjvBqvn&‡Z wewfbœ ai‡bi kvmb Ae¯’v weivR Kiv
m‡Ë¡I †h †Kvb gymwjg †Kvb iKg evuav wecwË ev cÖkœ QvovB c~e© †_‡K cwð‡g Awef³ Bmjvgx iv‡óªi GK
¯’vb †_‡K Av‡iK ¯’v‡b ågb Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv| mg¯— mvgªv‡Rï †Kv_vI Zv‡ì cwiPq m¤ú‡K© †KvbiKg cÖkœ Kiv
n‡Zv bv|
Gfv‡eB Bmjvgx ivóª mg¯— gymwjg D¤§vn‡K GKwU gvÎ Awfbœ eë¯’vi bx‡P HKë× †i‡LwQ‡jv Ges
BwZnv‡m Gi avivevwnKZvI eRvq wQ‡jv| cwðgv Kvwdi mvgªvRëv`x kw³ 1924 mv‡j Zv‡ì G‡R›U gy¯dv—
Kvgv‡ji nv‡Z G ivóª aŸsm K‡i †èvi c~e© ch©š— G ivóª wQ‡jv kw³kvjx I mg„×kvjx|
Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Avf¨šixb— bxwZgvjvt
Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Avf¨šixb— bxwZgvjv ej‡Z g~jZt eySvq iv‡óªi Af¨š‡i— Bmjv‡gi ûKzg-Avn&Kvg‡K ev¯evwqZ—
Kiv| Avjvn& cÖ`Ë G mg¯— ûKzg-Avn&Kvg‡K Bmjvgx ivóª Gi wbR¯^ eë¯’vi Aax‡bB ev¯evwqZ— Ki‡Zv| G
ivóª RbM‡Yi gv‡S wewfbœ ai‡bi m¤úK© I †jb‡`b wba©vib I †`Lvïbv Kiv, û`y` I Avjvn& cÖ`Ë kvw¯— mg~n
ev¯evqb— Kiv, mgv‡Ri me©¯‡i— D”P gv‡bi g~j¨‡eva eRvq ivLv, mgv‡R Bmjv‡gi wewfbœ ixwZ-bxwZ I
Bev`Z‡K wbwðZ Kiv Ges †mBmv‡_ Bmjvgx AvBb-Kvby‡bi wfwË‡Z RbM‡Yi mg¯— welqvwì Z`viwK Ki‡Zv|
e¯‘Zt Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Aax‡b emevmiZ gymwjg I Agymwjg wbwe©‡k‡l mKj bvMwi‡Ki Dci Avjvn& cÖ`Ë ûKzg-
Avn&Kvg‡K wKfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡e Bmjv‡g Zvi mywbw`©ó c×wZ wba©vwiZ i‡q‡Q| Bmjvgx ivóª G
wbw`©ó c×wZ AbymiY K‡iB G mg¯— ûKzg-Avn&Kvg‡K RbM‡Yi Dci cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Zv| G c×wZ ûKzg
kixqvÕn& Ges wbw`©ó wel‡qi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ Avn&Kv‡gi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z| KviY, Bmjvg G‡m‡Q mgMÖ
gvbeRvwZi Rb¨| Avjvn&Zvqvjv cweÎ ‡KviAv‡bi wewfbœ ¯’v‡b mgMÖ gvbeRvwZ‡K Bmjv‡gi w`‡K Avnevb
K‡i‡Qb| †hgb, wZwb e‡j‡Qb,
Ò‡n gvbe RvwZ! †Zvgiv †Zvgv‡ì †mB i‡ei `vmZ¡ K‡iv whwb †Zvgv‡ì I †Zvgv‡ì c~e©eZ©x‡ì m„wó
K‡i‡Qb, Avkv Kiv hvq †h,
†Zvgiv gyËvKx (Avjvn&fxi“) n‡Z cvi‡e|Ó [myivt evKvivn&, 21]
wZwb AviI e‡j‡Qb,
Ò‡n gvbyl! wK †Zvgv‡K †Zvgvi gnvb cÖwZcvjK n‡Z cÖZvwiZ Ki‡jv?Ó [Avj-BbwdZit 6]
Dmyj Dj-wdKn& (kixqvn&i g~j Drm) wel‡q cwÛZ e¨w³eM© e‡j‡Qb †h, Bmjvgx kixqvÕn& Avm‡j G c„w_exi
cÖwZwU my¯’ Ávbm¤úbœ gvbyl‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡iB bvwhj Kiv n‡q‡Q| †nvK †m gymwjg A_ev Agymwjg| Bgvg
Mv¾vjx Zvi ÒAvj gy¯vdv— wd Avj-DmyjÓ eB‡Z

66
e‡jb, ÒkixqvÕn& AvBb w`‡q kvwmZ e¨w³‡K AvBb Abyhvqx Aek¨B GKRb `vwqZ¡kxj, my¯’ gw¯®‹—
m¤úbœ I AvBbcÖ‡YZvi
(AvjvnZvqvjv) Avnevb ‡evSvi †hvM¨Zv m¤úbœ n‡Z n‡e| (e¯‘Zt) †h mKj ¸bvejxi Rb¨ GKRb gvby‡li Dci
AvjvnÕi ûKzg diR n‡q hvq Zv n‡jv, Zvi Ggb ¯^fvemyjf gvbecÖKwZ… hv w`‡q †m Avjvn&Õi Av‡`k-wb‡la‡K
(cy‡ivcywi) MÖnb Ki‡Z I †g‡b Pj‡Z cv‡i|Ó
Zvn‡j †`Lv hv‡”Q, Bmjvg Avm‡j mg¯— gvbeRvwZ‡KB Avnevb K‡i‡Q| G Avnevb Bmjv‡gi w`‡K mg¯—
gvbeRvwZi Dci mvaviY Avnevb I `vwqZ¡ wnmv‡e Av‡ivwcZ n‡q‡Q| mvaviY Avnev‡bi gva¨‡g cÖ_‡g mg¯—
gvbyl‡K Bmjv‡g cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z DØy× Kiv n‡q‡Q| cieZ©x‡Z mg¯— gvbyl‡K Avjvn& cÖ`Ë mg¯— ûKzg-
Avn&Kv‡gi Kv‡Q AvZ¥mg©cY Ki‡Z Av‡`k †`qv n‡q‡Q| Avi, hviv bvMwiK wnmv‡e iv‡óªi Aax‡b emevm K‡i,
Bmjvgx ivóª Zv‡ì `j, gZ, wek¦vm wKsev m¤cÖ`vq wbwe©‡k‡l mKj‡K GKwU `je× gvbyl wnmv‡e we‡ePbv K‡i
Ges mKj‡K Bmjvgx AvBb-Kvbyb w`‡qB kvmb K‡i| cÖ‡qvRb nq ïay RbM‡Yi Bmjvgx ivóª I kvmb-eë¯’vi cÖwZ
AvbyMZ¨|
msL¨vjNy m¤cÖ`vq e‡j G iv‡óª †KvbwKQz †bB| KviY, GLv‡b mg¯— gvbyl‡KB mvaviY gvbweK `„wó‡Kvb
†_‡K †`Lv nq Ges G‡ì cÖ‡Z¨K‡KB Bmjvgx iv‡óªi bvMwiK wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq, h‡Zv¶b ch©š— Zviv
Awc©Z bvMwiK `vwqZ¡-KZ©e¨ †g‡b P‡j| iv‡óªi bvMwiK wnmv‡e iv‡óª emevmiZ cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³B kixqvÕn&
cÖ`Ë c~Y© bvMwiK AwaKvi †fvM K‡i, †m gymwjgB †nvK ev Agymwjg ‡nvK| Avevi, gymwjg nIqv m‡Ë¡I hw`
†KD Bmjvgx iv‡óªi bvMwiK bv nq, Z‡e kixqvÕn& cÖ`Ë bvMwiK AwaKvi Zv‡K cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e bv| aiv hvK,
(Bmjvgx iv‡óª emevmiZ) †Kvb gymwjg e¨w³i gv wLªóvb Ges Bmjvgx iv‡óªi bvMwiK| Avi, Zvi evev gymwjg
wKš‘ Zvi Bmjvgx iv‡óªi bvMwiKZ¡ †bB| ‡m‡¶‡Î, †m e¨w³i gv mšv‡bi— KvQ †_‡K fiY‡cvlY cvevi AwaKvix
n‡e, wKš‘ evev bq| gv hw` wePvi‡Ki Kv‡Q fiY‡cvl‡Yi e¨vcv‡i Awf‡hvM K‡i, Z‡e wePviK Zvi c‡¶ ivq †`‡e Ges
mšvb‡K— gv‡qi fiY‡cvlY w`‡Z eva¨ Ki‡e, KviY G‡¶‡Î D³ gwnjv Bmjvgx iv‡óªi bvMwiK wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ
n‡e| wKš‘, hw` †m e¨w³i evev Awf‡hvM DÌvcb K‡i, Z‡e wePviK Zvi wec‡¶ ivq cÖ`vb Ki‡e| KviY, ‡m Bmjvgx
iv‡óªi bvMwiK e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e bv| myZivs, †`Lv hv‡”Q, kixqvÕn& ïay Bmjvgx iv‡óªi bvMwiK‡ì DciB
Bmjvgx ûKzg-Avn&Kvg ev¯evwqZ— K‡i Ges G‡¶‡Î iv‡óª emevmiZ mKj gvbyl‡K mvaviY fv‡e iv‡óªi bvMwiK
wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| hvi Kvi‡Y, Zviv mK‡jB bvMwiK wnmv‡e kixqvÕn& cÖ`Ë AwffveKZ¡ welqK wKsev
Kj¨vYg~jK mKj AwaKvi †fvM K‡i _v‡K|
GUv n‡”Q kvmb I AwffveK‡Z¡i `„wó‡Kvb †_‡K bvMwi‡Ki Ae¯’vb m¤úwK©Z welq| Avi, Bmjvgx iv‡óª Bmjvgx
ûKzg-Avn&Kvg ev¯— evq‡bi welqwU KLbI ag©xq `„wó‡Kvb †_‡K we‡ewPZ nq bv, eis Zv m¤ú©~Y fv‡e
AvBbMZ `„wó‡Kvb †_‡K †`Lv nq | ZvB ‡KviAvb-mybœvnÕi `wjj¸‡jv‡K Aek¨B AvBbMZ `„wó‡Kvb †_‡K
‡`L‡Z n‡e Gi KviY n‡”Q, kixqvÕn& m¤úwK©Z `wjj¸‡jvi g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv gvby‡li mgm¨vi mgvavb Kiv| G‡¶‡Î,
AvBbcÖ‡YZv (Avjvn&Zvqvjv)Õi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv gvbyl †hb ïay AvqvZ¸‡jvi evwn¨K A‡_©i w`‡K `„wó bv w`‡q
AvqvZ¸‡jvi A © I welqe¯‘‡K cwic~Y© I h_vh_ fv‡e Abyaveb K‡i| GRb¨, ûKzg kixqvÕi Dci wfwË K‡i †h †Kvb
AvBb ˆZix Kivi †¶‡Î memgqB kixqvÕn& cÖ`Ë ûKz‡gi †cQ‡bi KviY(Bjvn&)‡KI we‡ePbv Kiv nq| Ab¨ K_vq ejv
hvq †h, ûKzg kixqvÕn& wfwËK †Kvb wm×vš— cÖ`v‡bi †¶‡Î memgqB ‡KviAvbÑmybœvn&i `wj‡ji AvBbMZ
welqwU‡KB cÖavb¨ †`qv nq| hLb Lwjdv (ivóª cÖavb) GB wm×vš‡K— mwVK e‡j MÖnb K‡i, ZLb iv‡óª †mUv
AvB‡b cwiYZ nq Ges mK‡ji Rb¨ †mB AvBb ‡g‡b Pjv I Zv cÖ‡qvM Kiv KZ©e¨ n‡q hvq|
myZivs, Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Aax‡b emevmiZ mKj bvMwi‡Ki Rb¨ kixqvÕn& AvB‡bi Kv‡Q AvZ¥mg©cY Kivi
welqwU cÖgvwYZ I AcwieZ©bxq| Avm‡j, kixqvÕn& AvB‡bi Kv‡Q AvZ¥mg©c‡Yi welqwU gymwjg‡ì
wek¦v‡mi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z welq| KviY, G e¨vcv‡i Zviv Avjvn&ZvqvjvÕi Kv‡Q A½xKvive×| Cgvb Avbvi A_©B
n‡jv AvKx`vn& ev wek¦vm †_‡K DrmwiZ mg¯— ûKzgÑAvn&Kv‡gi Kv‡Q wbtkZ© fv‡e AvZ¥mg©cY Kiv|
G‡¶‡Î gymwjg‡ì AvKx`vn& ev wek¦vm Zv‡K eva¨ K‡i G mg¯— ûKzgÑAvn&Kvg cwic~Y© fv‡e †g‡b Pj‡Z|
cÖwZwU gymwjg kixqvÕn& AvBb w`‡q Rxeb cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ Avjvn&Õi Kv‡Q Iqv`ve×, †nvK Zv Zvi mv‡_
Avjvn&Õi m¤ú‡K©i wel‡q, †hgbt wewfbœ ai‡bi ÕBev`Z (bvgvR, †ivRv BZ¨vw`)| wKsev, †nvK Zv wb‡Ri mv‡_
wb‡Ri m¤ú‡K©i wel‡q, †hgbt g~j¨‡eva ev Lvevi m¤úwK©Z wel‡q A_ev, †nvK Zv Zvi mv‡_ Ab¨ mKj gvby‡li
m¤ú‡K©i wel‡q, †hgbt †jbÑ‡`b wKsev ¶wZc~iY m¤úwK©Z wel‡q|
Bmjvgx ivóª mg¯— gymwjg‡K Bmjvgx AvKx`vn& ev wek¦vm w`‡qB HKë× iv‡L Ges G‡¶‡Î Aek¨B †KviAvb I
mybœvnÕi `wjj‡KB ûKzgÑkixqvÕi g~j wfwË wnmv‡e aiv nq| ûKzg kixqvÕi g~jbxwZ Ges AvBbMZ mKj wm×vš
— ‡KviAvbÑmybœvnÕi `wj‡ji Dci wfwË K‡iB cÖYqb Kiv nq Ges G e¨vcv‡i Kv‡iv †Kvb wØgZ cÖKv‡ki †Kvb
AeKvk _v‡K bv| wKš‘, BR&wZnv‡ì Kvi‡Y AZx‡Zi gymwjgiv wewfbœ mgq †KviAvbÑmybœvnÕi `wjj‡K
wewfbœ fv‡e e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Q| g~jZt G mg¯— `wj‡ji(‡KviAv‡bi AvqvZ I ivmy‡ji nvw`m) wfbœ wfbœ e¨vL¨vi
Kvi‡YB wewfbœ ai‡Yi gZev` (School of Thought) I m¤cÖ`v‡qi Rb¥ n‡q‡Q| Gi g~j KviY n‡jv, Bmjvg memgqB
gymwjg‡ì M‡elYv (BR&wZnv`) Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ K‡i Ges ‡mBmv‡_ gvby‡li ga¨Kvi wPšvÑavivi— ¯^vfvweK
cv_©K¨‡KI ¯^xKvi K‡i ‡bq|
67
GRb¨ memgqB gymwjg‡ì gv‡S AvKx`vn&, AvBb-Kvbyb I Dmyj Dj-wdKn& Gi c×wZ wel‡q gZcv_©K¨ †`Lv
w`‡q‡Q| ivmyj(mv.) memgqB gymwjg‡ì BR&wZnv` Ki‡Z DØy× K‡i‡Qb Ges e‡j‡Qb †h, gyR&Zvwn‡ì
(B&R&wZnv‡ì †hvM¨Zv m¤úbœ e¨w³) BR&wZnv` hw` f~j nq Z‡e Zvi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q GKwU †bKx| Avi, mwVK n‡j
i‡q‡Q `yÕwU †bKx| G Kvi‡Y, mybœx, wkqvÕn, gyZvÕwhjvn Ges Ab¨vb¨ m¤cÖ`v‡qi Avwe©fve nIqv †Kvb
Avðh© welq wQ‡jv bv| bv Avð‡h©i welq wQ‡jv wewfbœ gZev‡ì Dci wfwË K‡i wewfbœ gvhnve †hgbt
kvwdÕC, nvbvwd, gvwjwK, nv¤^jx, RvÕdix, hvwq`x BZ¨vw` gvhnv‡ei m„wó nIqv| G mg¯— m¤cÖ`vq Ges
gvhnve¸‡jv GKwU gvÎ AvKx`vn& ev wek¦vm‡KB AvKu‡o a‡iwQj, hv wQ‡jv Bmjv‡gi AvKx`vn&| Zv‡ì mK‡ji
DciB Avjvn& wbav©wiZ mg¯— diR `vwqZ¡ †g‡b Pjv Ges wbwl× mKj welq‡K cwinvi Kivi KZ©e¨ wQ‡jv| ‡Kvb
wbw`©ó gvhnve bq, Zviv mK‡jB me©ve¯’vq ûKzg-kixqvÕn& w`‡q Rxeb cwiPvjbv Ki‡ZB eva¨ wQ‡jv|
Avm‡j, gvhnve¸‡jv n‡”Q ûKzg-kixqvÕi GKwU wbw`©ó ai‡bi e¨vL¨v, †h e¨vL¨v Abyhvqx gyKvwj`Mb (hviv
gyRZvwn` bq), hviv wb‡Riv BRwZnv` Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, Zviv ûKzgÑkixqvÕn& AbymiY K‡i _v‡K| GLv‡b g‡b ivLv
ìKvi †h, gymwjgiv ïay Avjvn& cÖ`Ë AvBbÑKvbyb w`‡qB Rxeb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z eva¨, †Kvb gvhnve AbymiY
Ki‡Z eva¨ bq| ZvB, nq Zv‡K ûKzgÑkixqvÕi g~j Drm †_‡K wb‡R BRwZnv` K‡i kixqvÕn& AvBb gvb‡Z n‡e,
A_ev, †m hw` wb‡R BRwZnv` Ki‡Z AcviM nq Z‡e Zv‡K †Kvb gvhnve AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e| G Kvi‡YB, †h mg¯—
m¤cÖ`vq I gvhnve †KviAvb I mybœvn‡K ûKzgÑkixqvÕi GKgvÎ Drm MÖnb K‡i‡Q Ges Bmjvgx AvKx`vn&‡K
AvKu‡o a‡i‡Q Ñ Zviv mevB Bmjv‡gi Aš©f~³|— G mg¯— gZev‡ì cÖPviKe„›Ì gymwjg Ges Zviv Bmjvgx
AvBbÑKvbyb w`‡qB cwiPvwjZ| hZ¶b ch©š— G mg¯— gvhnv‡ei Abymvixiv Bmjvgx AvKx`vn&Õi mxgv‡iLvi
g‡a¨ _vK‡e ZZ¶b ch©š— Bmjvgx ivóª G mg¯— m¤cÖ`vq I gvhnv‡ei e¨vcv‡i n¯‡¶c— Ki‡e bv| wKš‘, hw` †Kvb
gymwjg e¨w³MZ wKsev `je× fv‡e Bmjvgx AvKx`vn& †_‡K wePz¨Z n‡q hvq Z‡e, G welqwU‡K
BiwZ`v`(ag©Z¨vM) wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv n‡e Ges †m e¨w³ ev `‡ji Dci ivóª KZ©K… gyiZv`(ag©Z¨vMx) Gi
kvw¯— Av‡ivwcZ n‡e| ûKzgÑkixqvÕi wKQz wKQz welq Av‡Q hv‡Z wØgZ cÖKv‡ki †Kvb AeKvk †bB|
A_©vr, G mg¯— wel‡q GKwU gvÎ mywbw`©ó ûKzg‡K MÖnb‡hvM¨ wnmv‡e aiv nq| †hgbt †Pv‡ii nvZ KvUv,
my` wbwl× nIqv, hvKv‡Zi cÖ`v‡bi Acwinvh©Zv, ‰`wbK cvuP evi bvgv‡Ri evaëvaKZv BZ¨vw`| G mg¯—
wel‡q ûKzgÑkixqvÕn& mywbw`©ó I AcwieZ©bxq| ZvB, gymwjgiv G mKj †¶‡Î GB mywbw`©ó ûKzg¸‡jvB
†g‡b Pj‡Z eva¨|
Avevi, ûKzgÑkixqvÕi wKQz wKQz welq I a¨vbÑaviYv Av‡Q †h mg¯— welq gyRZvwn`MY wfbœ wfbœ fv‡e
e¨vL¨v Kivi Kvi‡Y gymwjg‡ì g‡a¨ G mg¯— wel‡q gZcv_©K¨ N‡U‡Q| †hgbt Lwjdv nevi c~e©kZ© wKsev
Lvivh Av‡ivwcZ f~wgi wba©vwiZ K‡ii Ask A_ev Rwgi fvov cÖ`vb m¤ú©wKZ welq BZ¨vw`| G mg¯— AvB‡bi
†¶‡Î, Lwjdv GKwU wbw`©ó wm×vš‡K— mwVK e‡j MÖnb K‡ib Ges iv‡óª emevmiZ mK‡ji Rb¨ †mB AvBb
†g‡b Pjv eva¨Zvg~jK n‡q hvq| hviv GB welq¸‡jvi e¨vcv‡i Lwjdvi wm×v‡ši— mv‡_ wØgZ †cvlb K‡i Zv‡ì mK‡ji
Rb¨B Zv‡ì wbR¯^ gZvgZ Z¨vM K‡i Lwjdvi gZvgZ‡K MÖnb Kiv KZ©e¨ n‡q hvq| Avi, Gfv‡eB Lwjdvi wm×vš
— mK‡ji g‡a¨ we`¨gvb gZcv_©K¨ `~i K‡i| e¯‘Zt Bgvg ev Lwjdv ûKzgÑkixqvÕi †Kvb wel‡q wm×vš— MÖn‡bi
ci cÖKv‡k¨ wKsev †Mvc‡b †mB AvBb †g‡b Pjv gymwjg‡ì Rb¨ Aek¨ KZ©e¨ n‡q hvq| G wm×v‡ši— wecix‡Z
†KD hw` ‡mB wbw`©ó wel‡q Ab¨ †Kvb ûKzg AbymiY K‡i Z‡e †m ¸bvnMvi n‡e| KviY, Lwjdv hLb †Kvb
wbw`©ó kixqvÕn& AvBb Kvh©Kix K‡ib, m‡½ m‡½ Zv mKj gymwj‡gi Rb¨ ‡g‡b Pjv diR n‡q hvq| Avi, †Kvb
wbw`©ó wel‡q kixqvÕn& AvBb Kv‡iv Rb¨ KL‡bv G‡Ki AwaK n‡Z cv‡i bv|
Z‡e, Lwjdvi Rb¨ AvKx`vn& m¤úwK©Z wel‡q †Kvb ûKzg‡K mywbw`©ó K‡i †`qv wVK bq, KviY Zvn‡j GUv
†g‡b Pjv gymwjg‡ì Rb¨ KóKi n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘, åvš— wek¦v‡mi Dci wfwË K‡i hw` bZzb ai‡bi a¨vbÑaviYv
Avwe©fve nevi m¤¢vebv _v‡K, †m‡¶‡Î ivóª Gme `y¯‹wZKvix‡ì… K‡Vvi n‡¯— `gb Ki‡e hZ¶b ch©š— bv bZzb
GBme a¨vbÑaviYv gymwjg‡ì Kzdixi (Awek¦vm) w`‡K avweZ bv K‡i| wKš‘, hw` GBme a¨vbÑaviYv gymwjg‡ì
Kzdixi (Awek¦vm) w`‡K avweZ K‡i, Z‡e hviv G ai‡Yi AcK‡g©i mv‡_ RwoZ _vK‡e ivóª Zv‡ì ag©Z¨vMx
wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Ki‡e| GQvov, Lwjdvi ÕBev`Z m¤úwK©Z wel‡qI †Kvb wbw`©ó ûKzg MÖnb Kiv wVK bq,
KviY GUvI gymwjg‡ì‡K KóKi cwiw¯’wZi w`‡K †V‡j †`‡e|
myZivs, AvKx`vn& m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ gZev‡ì ga¨ n‡Z †Kvb wbw`©ó gZvgZ‡K MÖnb Kiv Lwjdvi Rb¨
mwVK bq, hZ¶b ch©š— bv GB mKj gZvgZ Bmjvgx gZev` wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ nq| Avevi, hvKvZ e¨ZxZ ÕBev`Z
m¤úwK©Z Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi †¶‡ÎI †Kvb gZev`‡K wbw`©ó K‡i †`qv Lwjdvi Rb¨ mwVK bq, hZ¶Z ch©š— bv
ÕBev`‡Zi GB mg¯— welq kixqvÕn& cÖ`Ë AvBbÑKvby‡bi g‡a¨B mxgve× _v‡K| G mKj welq Qvov Lwjdv
†jbÑ‡`b, µq-weµq, fvov cÖ`vb, weevn, ZvjvK, weevn-we‡”Q` cieZ©x fiYÑ‡cvlY, Askx`vwiZ¡ wfwËK
eëmvÑevwYR¨, mšv‡bi— AwffveKZ¡ BZ¨vw` wel‡q ûKzgÑkixqvÕn& wfwËK †h †Kvb AvBb‡K mK‡ji Rb¨
wbw`©ó I Kvh©Kix Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GQvov, Lwjdv kvw¯— cÖ`vb ev Lv`¨, e¯¿ A_ev g~j¨‡eva m¤úwK©Z ‡h †Kvb
wel‡q kixqvÕn& wfwËK †h †Kvb mywbw`©ó AvBb‡K Kvh©Kix Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges G‡¶‡Î mKj gymwj‡gi Lwjdvi
M„nxZ wm×vš— †g‡b Pjv Avek¨K n‡q hvq|
68
GQvov, Lwjdv‡K Aek¨B ÕBev`‡Zi welq m¤úwK©Z mKj kixqvÕn& AvBb cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| hviv bvgvR Z¨vM
Ki‡e Ges ighvb gv‡m †ivhv ivL‡e bv kixqvÕn& AvBb Abyhvqx Lwjdv Zv‡ì‡K kvw¯— w`‡eb| G mKj ÕBev`Z
m¤úwK©Z AvBb-Kvbyb mn mg¯— kixqvÕn& AvBb iv‡óª ev¯evwqZ— ev cÖ‡qvM Kiv Lwjdvi `vwqZ¡| bvgvR
Av`vq Kivi evaëvaKZv †Kvb BRwZnv` Kivi welq bq, eis GUv †h mg¯— gymwj‡gi Dci dih Zv GKwU
cÖwZwôZ mZ¨| ZvB, G mg¯— cÖwZwôZ wel‡q Lwjdv‡K kixqvÕn& AvBb mivmwi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| G mg¯
— wel‡q Zvi wm×vš— MÖnb Kiv bv Kivi †Kvb AeKvk _vK‡e bv| kvw¯g~jK— weav‡bi ( Penal Code) †¶‡Î
Lwjdv GKwU wbw`©ó AvBb
MÖnb Ki‡e Ges mKj gymwjg‡K Zv †g‡b Pjvi Rb¨ Av‡`k †`qv n‡e| Ab¨vb¨ kvw¯g~jK— weav‡bi †¶‡ÎI GKB
e¨vcvi cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e|
G mg¯— wKQzB ïay gymwjg‡ì Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e| Avi, Agymwjg‡ì †¶‡Î, hviv wKbv Bmjvg e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb
wek¦v‡m wek¦vmx
Zv‡ì‡K wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡e|
1. hviv wb‡R‡ì gymwjg e‡j `vex K‡i wKš‘ Zv‡ì AvKx`vn&Õi g‡a¨ Ggb wKQz welq Av‡Q hv Bmjvgx
AvKx`vn&Õi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K|
2. Avn‡j wKZv‡ei `jf~³ gvbyl|
3. gykwiK hv‡ì g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Ñ gvRym(AwMœc~Rvix), wn›`y, †eŠ× Ges Avn‡j wKZve ewn©f~Z RbMY|
G mKj `jf~³ gvbyl‡ì Zv‡ì wek¦v‡mi DciB †Q‡o †`qv n‡e Ges Zv‡ì ag©xq wek¦vm ev Dcvmbvi e¨vcv‡i
†KvbiKg n¯‡¶c— Kiv n‡e bv| weevn wKsev ZvjvK msµvš— wel‡q Zv‡ì‡K wbR wbR ag©xq AvBbÑKvbyb
†g‡b Pj‡Z †`qv n‡e| G mKj wel‡q SMovÑweev` Zv‡ì ag©xq AvBbÑKvbyb AbyhvqxB dqmvjv n‡e Ges GRb¨
ivóª Zv‡ì ga¨ n‡Z GKRb e¨w³‡K ivóª AwaKZ… wePvivj‡q wePviK wnmv‡e g‡bvbxZ Ki‡e| GQvov, Zv‡ì Lv`¨ I
mvRm¾v wel‡qI Zv‡ì ag©xq ixwZÑbxwZ‡KB cÖavb¨ †`qv n‡e Ges G mKj welqB mvaviY wb‡`©‡ki AvIZvf~³
n‡e| Avn‡j wKZve ewn©f~Z m¤cÖ`v‡qi Rb¨ GKB wbqg cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e| gvRym‡ì m¤ú‡K© Avjvni ivmyj(mv.)
e‡j‡Qb,Ò‡Zvgiv Avn‡j wKZve‡ì mv‡_ †hgb AvPiY K‡iv Zv‡ì(gvRym) mv‡_I GKB iKg AvPiY K‡iv|Ó
wKš‘, †jbÑ‡`b msµvš— Ges kvw¯g~jK— weavb mg~n gymwjgÑAgymwjg mn mK‡ji DciB mgvb fv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨
n‡e| e¯‘Zt wewfbœ Ab¨v‡qi kvw¯— m¤úwK©Z wePviKv‡h©i e¨vcv‡i gymwjgÑAgymwjg mn mK‡ji DciB
kixqvÕn& AvBb cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡e| hviv Bmjvgx iv‡óª bvMwiK wnmv‡e emevm Ki‡e Zviv mevB ‡jbÑ‡`b I kvw¯
— cÖ`vb m¤úwK©Z kixqvÕn& AvBb †g‡b Pj‡Z eva¨ _vK‡e| G‡¶‡Î, ag©xq, RvwZMZ wKsev †MvÎxq †f`v‡f`
we‡ewPZ n‡e bv| Agymwjgiv g~jZt iv‡óªi kvmbÑKZ©Z¡… Ges AvBbMZ `„wó‡KvY ‡_‡KB G mg¯—
AvBbÑKvbyb †g‡b Pj‡e, ag©xq wKsev Ava¨vwZ¥K `„wó‡KvY †_‡K bq| Zv‡ì †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB G mg¯—
AvBbÑKvby‡bi Dci wek¦vm Avb‡Z eva¨ Kiv n‡e bv| KviY, Zv Kiv n‡j Zv‡ì cÖKZc‡¶… †Rvic~e©K Bmjvg
MÖn‡b eva¨ Kiv n‡e| Avjvn&Zvqvjv cweÎ †KviAv‡b e‡j‡Qb,
ÒØx‡bi e¨vcv‡i †Kvb Rei`w¯— †bB|Ó [myiv evKvivnt 256]
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Avn‡j wKZv‡ei Aš©f~³— gvbyl‡ì ag©xq wel‡q n¯‡¶c— wKsev wek¦v‡mi Rb¨ Zv‡ì wbcxob
Ki‡Z wb‡la K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘, bvMwiK wnmv‡e Zv‡ì Aek¨B iv‡óªi kvmb-¶gZv I AvBbMZ `„wó‡KvY †_‡K
kixqvÕn& AvBb †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e|

cwi‡k‡l GUv ejv hvq †h, Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Avf¨šixb— bxwZ n‡e iv‡óª emevmiZ gymwjgÑAgymwjg wbwe©‡k‡l
mKj bvMwi‡Ki Dci kixqvÕn& AvBb Kvh©Ki Kiv| bvMwiK‡ì Dci wb‡gœv³ Dcv‡q kixqvÕn& AvBb Kvh©Ki
Kiv n‡et
1. mKj gymwjg bvMwi‡Ki Dci kixqvÕn& AvBb Kvh©Ki Kiv n‡e|
2. wek¦vm Ges Dcvmbv msµvš— wel‡q Agymwjg bvMwiK‡Ki Dci †KvbiKg n¯‡¶c— Kiv n‡e bv |
3. mvaviY AvB‡bi AvIZvq Lv`¨ I mvRm¾v m¤úwK©Z wel‡q Agymwjg bvMwiK‡K Zv‡ì wbR¯^ ag©xq
ixwZÑbxwZ AbymiY Ki‡Z †`qv n‡e|
4. Agymwjg‡ì weevn I ZvjvK msµvš— wel‡q ivóª Zv‡ì c¶ n‡Z ivóª AwaKZ… wePvivj‡q wePviK
wb‡qvM Ki‡e Ges G msµvš— mKj SMovÑweev` D³ wePvivj‡qB dqmvjv Kiv n‡e| e¨w³MZ D‡`¨v‡M
MwVZ †Kvb Av`vjZ (Private Court) MÖnb‡hvM¨ n‡e

69
bv| wKš‘, G msµvš— weev` hw` Agymwjg Ges gymwjg‡ì msNwUZ g‡a¨ nq, Z‡e Zv gymwjg wePvi‡Ki
gva¨‡g Bmjvgx AvBb Abyhvqx dqmvjv Kiv n‡e|
5. A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK Ges AvBbMZ †jbÑ‡`b msµvš— wel‡q Bmjvgx ivóª gymwjgÑAgymwjg
wbwe©‡k‡l mKj bvMwi‡Ki Dci †KvbiKg c~e©kZ© QvovB kixqvÕn& Kvh©Ki Ki‡e|
6. Bmjvgx iv‡óª emevmiZ mKj‡KB iv‡óªi bvMwiK wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv n‡e| ‡KvbiKg ‰elg¨ QvovB ivóª
Zv‡ì AwffveK wnmv‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡e Ges Zv‡ì mKj Kvh©vejx †`Lvïbv Ki‡e|
Bmjvgx iv‡óªi ciivóªbxwZt
Bmjvgx iv‡óªi ciivóªbxwZ ej‡Z g~jZt eySvq G iv‡óªi mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨ iv‡óªi ga¨Kvi m¤úK©| G m¤úK© gymwjg
D¤§vnÕi ciivóª welqK Kvh©vejx †`Lvïbv Kivi wfwË‡ZB M‡o D‡V| e¯‘Zt Bmjvgx iv‡óªi ciivóªbxwZ GKwU
¯’vqx Ges AcwieZ©bxq wfwËi Dci MwVZ| Avi Zv n‡jv, mgMÖ c„w_ex‡Z Bmjv‡gi Av‡jv Qwo‡q †`qv Ges mKj
RvwZ I mgv‡Ri Kv‡Q Bmjv‡gi mygnvb evYx †cuŠ‡Q †`qv| GUvB n‡”Q Bmjvgx iv‡óªi ciivóªbxwZi g~j wfwË|
gymwjg D¤§vn&‡K †hB kvmb Ki“K bv †Kb, GB wfwË AcwieZ©bxq Ges G e¨vcv‡i †KvbiKg gZcv_©K¨ Kivi
†Kvb AeKvk Bmjv‡g †bB| Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡mi mKj mg‡q GB bxwZ‡KB g~jwfwË wnmv‡e aiv n‡q‡Q Ges
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) g`xbvq Bmjvgx ivóª MVb Kivi mgq †_‡K ÕDmgvbx wLjvd‡Zi †klw`b ch©š— ciivóªbxwZi
GB g~j wfwË‡KB AbymiY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) g`xbvq wnRiZ Kivi cÖ_g w`b †_‡KB Bmjvg‡K wek¦e¨vcx Qwo‡q †`qvi j‡¶¨ Zvui beMwVZ
iv‡óªi ciivóª bxwZgvjv cÖ¯‘Z K‡ib| mgMÖ wnRv‡h Bmjvg‡K Qwo‡q †`qvi gvb‡m wZwb(mv.) Bû`x‡ì mv‡_
Pzw³ ¯^v¶i K‡ib| GQvov, mg¯— Avie DcØx‡c Bmjv‡gi Avnevb †cuŠ‡Q †`qvi j‡¶¨ wZwb(mv.) KzivBk‡ì mv‡_
û`vBweqv Pzw³ K‡ib| cwi‡k‡l, wZwb(mv.) Avie DcØx‡ci evB‡i wewfbœ AÂ‡j `~Z cvwV‡q Zv‡ì‡K Bmjv‡gi
w`‡K Avnevb K‡ib Ges Bmjv‡gi evYx cÖPv‡ii wfwË‡ZB Zv‡ì mv‡_ m¤úK© ‰Zixi D‡`¨vM †bb|
Gic‡i Av‡m Ljxdv‡ì hyM| ivmyj(mv.)†K AbymiY K‡i ZvivI Bmjvg cÖPv‡ii wfwË‡ZB Ab¨vb¨ iv‡óªi mv‡_
m¤úK© MVb K‡ib Ges mg¯— c„w_exe¨vcx Bmjvg cÖPv‡ii aviv‡K Ae¨vnZ iv‡Lb| cieZ©x‡Z Bmjvgx iv‡óªi
kvmbÑ¶gZvq Avmv cÖwZwU kvmKB Bmjvg cÖPv‡ii †¶‡Î G‡K A‡bï mv‡_ cÖwZ‡hvMxZvq AeZxb© n‡q‡Qb|
AveŸvmxq LwjdvM‡Yi PvB‡Z ÕDgvBqv LwjdvMY bZzb †`k Rq Kiv Ges Bmjv‡gi Avnevb wek¦e¨vcx Qwo‡q
†`qvi †¶‡Î A‡bK †ekx mdjZvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb| Avevi, gvgjyK‡ì PvB‡Z ÕDmgvbx LwjdvMY A‡bK †ekx msL¨K
†`k Rq K‡i‡Qb Ges Bmjv‡gi evYxi cÖPvi-cÖmvi NwU‡q‡Qb| G cv_©K¨ g~jZt †Kvb kvmbvg‡j ivóª Zvi Ab¨vb¨
wel‡qi Zzjbvq ciivóªbxwZ‡K †ekx ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q‡Q, Zvi Dci wfwË K‡iB wba©vwiZ n‡q‡Q| hvB‡nvK, me
kvmbvg‡jB Øxb Bmjvg cÖPvi‡K g~jwfwË wnmv‡e a‡iB Bmjvgx ivóª Ab¨vb¨ mKj iv‡óªi mv‡_ m¤úK© ˆZix
K‡i‡Q| LwjdvM‡Yi kvmbvg‡ji my`xN© mg‡q KLbB G Ae¯’v cwiewZ©Z nqwb| cÖKZc‡¶,… iv‡óªi Af¨š‡i—
Bmjvg‡K cwic~Y© fv‡e ev¯evqb— Kiv Ges ewn©we‡k¦ Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ †cuŠ‡Q †`qvB n‡”Q Bmjvgx iv‡óªi
g~j`vwqZ¡| ZvB, Bmjvg‡K wek¦e¨vcx cÖPviÑcÖmv‡ii `vwqZ¡ memgq Bmjvgx iv‡óªi DciB Awc©Z n‡q‡Q|
AvjvnZvqvjv Bmjv‡gi mygnvb evYx mgMÖ gvbeRvwZi D‡Ï‡k¨ bvwhj K‡i‡Qb, Avi G Kvi‡YB Bmjvg‡K
mywbw`©ó ciivóªbxwZi gva¨‡g cÖPvi Kiv Ges Gi Avnevb mK‡ji Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †`qv memgq Bmjvgx iv‡óªi
Aek¨cvjbxq KZ©e¨ e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡q‡Q| AvjvnZvqvjv cweÎ †KviAv‡b e‡j‡Qb,
ÒGes (†n gynv¤§`) Avwg †Zv †Zvgv‡K mgMÖ gvbeRvwZi cÖwZ mymsev``vZv I mZK©Kvix iƒ‡c †cÖiY K‡iwQ|
wKš‘, †ekxi fvM gvbylB Zv Rv‡b bv|Ó [myiv mvevt28]
AvjvnZvqvjv AviI e‡j‡Qb,
Ò‡n gvbeRvwZ! †Zvgv‡ì wbKU G‡m‡Q †Zvgv‡ì cÖwZcvj‡Ki c¶ n‡Z bmxnZ (m`yc‡`k)Ó [myiv
BDbymt 57]
wZwb AviI e‡j‡Qb,

70
Òej, †n gvbeRvwZ! Avwg †Zvgv‡ì mK‡ji cÖwZ Avjvni ivmyj wnmv‡e †cÖwiZ n‡qwQ|Ó [myiv
AvÕivdt 158]
Ges wZwb AviI e‡j‡Qb,
ÒAvi GB †KviAvb Avgvi wbKU Anxi gva¨‡g cvVv‡bv n‡q‡Q †hb Avwg †Zvgv‡ì‡K Ges hv‡ì wbKU GUv
†cuŠQv‡e Zv‡ì mKj‡K Gi Øviv mZK© Ki‡Z cvwi|Ó [myiv AvbÕAvgt 19]
GQvov wZwb e‡j‡Qb,
Ò‡n ivmyj(mv.)! hv wKQz †Zvgvi cÖwZcvj‡Ki c¶ †_‡K †Zvgvi Dci AeZxY© Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zzwg (gvbyl‡K) mewKQz
†cuŠwQ‡q `vI| Avi hw` Zzwg Zv bv K‡iv Z‡e [a‡i †bqv n‡e] Zzwg Avjvni evYx gvbyl‡K †cuŠwQ‡q `vIwb|Ó [myiv
gvwq`vn&t 67]
gynv¤§`(mv.) Zvi RxeÏkvq GB evYx gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q ‡èvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb Ges Zvi g„Zzï ci
gymwjgiv Ae¨vnZ fv‡e G `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Q| Avm‡j, gvbyl‡K Bmjv‡gi w`‡K Avnevb Kivi A © n‡”Q Avjvni
ivmyj(mv.) †h KvR ïi“ K‡i wM‡qwQ‡jb †m Kv‡RiB avivevwnKZv i¶v Kiv| Avi ZvB, gymwjgiv memgq
ivmyj(mv.)Gi cÖ`Ë wk¶v‡K AbymiY K‡i Bmjvg cÖPviÑcÖmv‡ii avivevwnKZv i¶v K‡i‡Q| Avjvni ivmyj(mv.)
Zvui we`vqx fvl‡Y (LyZevn& AvjÑIqv`vÕ) e‡j‡Qb, Ò‡Zvgiv hviv Dcw¯’Z Zviv Abycw¯’Z †jvK‡ì Kv‡Q Zv
†cuŠ‡Q †`‡e| nq‡Zvev Abycw¯’Z e¨w³ Dcw¯’Z e¨w³i PvB‡Z †ekx mZK© n‡e|Ó wZwb(mv.)AviI
e‡j‡Qb,ÒAvjvnZvqvjv Zvi gyL D¾¡j Ki“K, ‡h Avgvi K_v ïb‡e, Zv eyS‡e Ges †hfv‡e †m ï‡b‡Q †mfv‡eB gvby‡li
Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †`‡e|Ó
GRb¨B ivmyj(mv.)Gi RxeÏkvq Ges Zvui DËivwaKvix Lwjdv‡ì mg‡q Bmjv‡gi evYxi cÖPviÑcÖmvi KivB
memgq Ab¨vb¨ iv‡óªi mv‡_ Bmjvgx iv‡óªi m¤ú‡K©i g~jwfwË wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ nZ| Avi, †KviAvbÑmybœvn
Ges mvnvev‡ì HK¨gZ (BRgvÕ AvmÑmvnvevn&) Abyhvqx GUvB n‡”Q AvjvnZvqvjvÕi mywbw`©ó I ¯úó
wb‡`©k|
Zvn‡j †`Lv hv‡”Q, Bmjvgx iv‡óªi ciivóªbxwZ ej‡Z Avm‡j †evSvq Bmjv‡gi Avnevb‡K wek¦e¨vcx †cuŠ‡Q †`qv|
GB ciivóªbxwZ memgq GKwU wbw`©ó AcwieZ©bxq c×wZ‡Z Kvh©Ki Kiv nq Ñ ‡mUv n‡”Q wRnv`| GLv‡b
Av‡jvP¨ welq bq †K Bmjvgx iv‡óªi kvmb¶gZvq Av‡Q| e¯‘Zt ivmyj(mv.) g`xbvq ivóª MVb Kivi mgq †_‡K
G‡Kev‡i Bmjvgx iv‡óªi †klw`b ch©š— G c×wZ KLbI cwiewZ©Z nqwb| Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Bmjvgx ivóª MVb
Kivi ciciB Zvui †mbvevwnbx cÖ¯‘Z K‡iwQ‡jb Ges wZwb(mv.) Bmjvgx `vIqv‡Zi c‡_ e¯‘MZ evuav `~i Kivi j‡¶¨
wRnv‡ì m~Pbv K‡iwQ‡jb| †h‡nZz KzivBkiv `vIqv‡Zi c‡_ e¯‘MZ evuav ‰Zix K‡iwQj, ZvB wZwb(mv.) †m
evuav `~i Kivi e¨vcv‡i wm×vš— wb‡qwQ‡jb| cieZ©x‡Z wZwb(mv.) (wRnv‡ì gva¨‡g) KzivBk‡ì Aw¯Z¡‡K—
m¤ú~b© fv‡e wbwðý K‡i `vIqvZx Kvh©µg we¯v‡ii— c_‡K cÖk¯— K‡ib| Gici wZwb(mv.) G‡Ki ci GK evuav
AcmviY I wbwðý Ki‡Z _v‡Kb, †h ch©š— Bmjv‡gi Avnevb mg¯— Avie DcØx‡c Qwo‡q c‡o| Gici, Bmjvgx ivóª
Ab¨vb¨ RvwZi gv‡S Bmjvg we¯Z…— Kivi j‡¶¨ Zv‡ì ìRvq Kov bvo‡Z _v‡K| wKš‘, wewfbœ iv‡óªi g‡a¨
we`¨gvb kvmbeë¯’v ‡mLvbKvi gvby‡li gv‡S Bmjvg we¯v‡ii— c‡_ e¯‘MZ evuav n‡q `vuovq| ZvB, †mLvbKvi
RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q Bmjvgx `vIqvZ †cuŠ‡Q †èvi Rb¨ e¯‘MZ GB evuav AcmviY Kiv Ri“ix n‡q hvq| ‡hb Zviv cÖZ¨¶
fv‡e Bmjv‡gi mywePvi Ae‡jvKb I Abyfe Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Bmjv‡gi cZvKvZ‡j GKwU myLx I mg„× Rxe‡bi mv¶x
n‡Z cv‡i| GQvov, Gi gva¨‡g †KvbiKg †RviRei`w¯— wKsev ejcÖ‡qvM QvovB Bmjvgx ivóª gvbyl‡K GKwU
mwZ¨Kv‡ii DbœZ Rxe‡bi w`‡K Avnevb Ki‡Z cv‡i| Bmjv‡gi Avnevb cÖPviÑcÖmvi Kivi c×wZ wnmv‡e AZx‡Z
memgqB wRnv‡ì aviv Ae¨vnZ wQj| cÖKZc‡¶,… wRnv‡ì gva¨‡gB Bmjvgx ivóª wewfbœ ev`kvnx I ivóª‡K
wbwðý K‡i w`‡q †mLvbKvi RbMY‡K Bmjvgx kvm‡bi bx‡P wb‡q Av‡m| Gfv‡eB Pvwiw`‡K Bmjv‡gi Avnevb
Qwo‡q c‡o Ges Bmjvg w`‡q kvwmZ nevi ci j¶ j¶ gvbyl ¯^ZtùzZ© fv‡e Bmjvg ag© MÖnb K‡i| AZx‡Z Bmjv‡gi
ciivóªbxwZ‡K wRnv‡ì gva¨‡gB Kvh©Kix Kiv n‡q‡Q, †KvbmgqB G bxwZ cwiewZ©Z nqwb Ges fwel¨‡ZI Zv
cwiewZ©Z n‡e bv|
gymwjg‡ì wRnv‡ì gva¨‡g gvbyl‡K Bmjv‡gi w`‡K Avnevb Ki‡Z n‡j nq mivmwi hy‡× AskMÖnb Ki‡Z n‡e,
A_ev A_©, gZvgZ wKsev †jLv‡jwLi gva¨‡g hy×‡K mg_©b Ki‡Z n‡e| gymwjg‡ì Rb¨ GwU eva¨Zvg~jK Ñ hv
†KviAvb I nvw`‡mi gva¨‡g cÖgvwYZ| wbqgvbyhvqx 1. gymwjgiv kÎ“c¶‡K Bmjvg MÖn‡b wKsev 2. wRwhqv
cÖ`v‡bi w`‡K Avnevb bv ch©š— KL‡bvB kÎ“i wei“‡× hy× m~Pbv Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| G wel‡q kixqvÕn& AvBb
n‡jv, hLb gymwjgiv kÎ“c¶‡K Pviw`K †_‡K wN‡i ‡dj‡e ZLb cÖ_‡g Zv‡ì‡K Bmjvg
71
MÖnb Ki‡Z Avnevb Rvbv‡Z n‡e| hw` kÎ“c¶ Bmjvg MÖnb K‡i, Z‡e Zviv gymwjg D¤§vn&Õi Ask wnmv‡e
we‡ewPZ n‡e Ges Zv‡ì wei“‡× hy× Kiv wbwl× n‡q hv‡e| Avi, hw` Zviv Bmjvg MÖn‡b A¯^xKwZ… Rvbvq,
Z‡e Zv‡ì‡K wRwhqv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z ejv n‡e| hw` Zviv Zv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z m¤§Z nq, Z‡e gymwjg‡ì Zv‡ì RvbÑgvj
Ges abÑm¤ú‡ì wbivcËv w`‡Z n‡e Ges Zv‡ì †`k Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Ask wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e| Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Ask
wnmv‡e gymwjg bvMwiK‡ì g‡ZvB Zviv b¨vqwePvi, mgZv, wbivcËv Ges AwffveKZ¡ welqK I Kj¨vYg~jK mKj
myweav †fvM Ki‡e| †mBmv‡_ Zv‡ì †gŠwjK mKj Pvwn`v wbwðZ Kiv n‡e| Z‡e, wRwhqv cÖ`v‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_
Zv‡ì Bmjvgx ivóª I kvmbKZ©‡Z¡iI… AvbyMZ¨ ¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| Avi, hw` Zviv Bmjvg MÖnb bv K‡i
wKsev wRwhqv cÖ`v‡bI A¯^xKwZ… Rvbvq, Z‡e †m‡¶‡Î Zv‡ì wei“‡× hy× Kiv AvBbm½Z n‡e|
myZivs, †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, †Kvb Rb‡Mvwôi wei“‡× ZZ¶b ch©š— hy× Kiv AvBbm½Z bq, hZ¶b ch©š— bv Zv‡ì
Bmjv‡gi w`‡K Avnevb Kiv nq| Bmjv‡gi cwÛZeM© (Scholars) G wel‡q †Rvi w`‡q‡Qb †h, hZ¶b ch©š— bv †Kvb
RvwZ‡Mvwôi Kv‡Q Bmjv‡gi Avnevb bv †cuŠ‡Q, ZZ¶b ch©š— Zv‡ì wei“‡× hy× †NvlYv Kiv AvBbm½Z bq|
myZivs, kÎ“c‡¶i wei“‡× hy× †Nvlbvi c~‡e© Zv‡ì gv‡S Bmjv‡gi e¨vcv‡i RbgZ MVb Kiv Ges Bmjv‡gi GKwU
mwZ¨Kvi wPÎ Zv‡ì Kv‡Q Dc¯’vcb Kiv DwPZ| †mBmv‡_, †mLvbKvi RbMY‡K Bmjvgx AvBbÑKvby‡bi
ms¯ú‡k© AvmviI D‡`¨vM ‡bqv DwPZ †hb Agymwjgiv Abyfe Ki‡Z cv‡i †h, Bmjvg Zv‡ì‡K cÖKZ… gyw³i
w`‡K Avnevb Ki‡Q| Bmjvgx ivóª G j‡¶¨ wewfbœ ivR‰bwZK c`‡¶c MÖnb Ki‡Z cv‡i, †hgbt Bmjv‡gi a¨vb-
aviYv¸‡jv‡K cwi¯‹vi fv‡e e¨vL¨v Kiv, Agymwjg‡ì mvg‡b Bmjv‡gi GKwU Rxeš— wPÎ dzwU‡q ‡Zvjv Ges
Bmjv‡gi c‡¶ wewfbœ iKg cÖPviYv Pvjv‡bv BZ¨vw`| G ai‡Yi Kg©Kv‡Ûi g‡a¨ Bmjvgx iv‡óªi kw³Ñmvg_©¨ I
cÖfveÑcÖwZcwË cÖ`k©b KivI Aš©f~³— n‡Z cv‡i| wewfbœ mg‡q Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) G ai‡Yi c`‡¶c wb‡q‡Qb|
wZwb(mv.) Kzdi ivóª¸‡jvi †K›`ª¯’‡j `~Z cvwV‡q‡Qb| GKevi wZwb(mv.) bvR`& GjvKvq Bmjv‡gi evYx †cuŠ‡Q
†èvi Rb¨ Pwjk Rb mvnvex‡K †cÖiY K‡iwQ‡jb| GQvov, wZwb(mv.) ZveyK hy‡× hvevi c~‡e© g`xbvq Zvui
†mbvevwnbxi kw³gËv cÖ`k©b K‡iwQ‡jb| Gi KviY ivmyj(mv.) e‡j‡Qb, ÒGKgv‡mi `~iZ¡ _vKv Ae¯’vq kÎ“i g‡b
fxwZ m„wói gva¨‡g Avgv‡K weR‡qi mymsev` †`qv n‡q‡Q|Ó
AZx‡Z gymwjg‡ì †mbvevwnbx memgqB kÎ“c‡¶i fxwZ I kª×v AR©‡b mg_© n‡q‡Q| kZ kZ eQi hveZ BD‡iv‡c
GK_v cÖPwjZ wQj †h, gymwjg †mbvevwnbx‡K KL‡bvB civwRZ Kiv hvq bv| hvB †nvK, ivR‰bwZK fv‡e
wewfbœ c`‡¶c MÖnb Kiv Avm‡j Lye ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| we‡kl K‡i, cÖZ¨¶ mgi hy‡× Rwo‡q covi Av‡M Bmjv‡gi
a¨vbÑaviYv¸‡jv‡K cÖPviÑcÖmvi Kiv Ges Bmjvgx iv‡óªi kw³gËv cÖ`k©b welqK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© c`‡¶ç‡jv MÖnb
Kiv Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Rb¨ Ri“ix| hwÌ Bmjv‡gi evYx cÖPv‡i wRnv` GKwU AcwieZ©bxq I mywbw`©ó cš’v, wKš‘
mvgwiKevwnbxi mv‡_ g~j msN‡l©i c~‡e© Ab¨vb¨ ivR‰bwZK c`‡¶c I †¯^”QvcÖ‡Yvw`Z Kg©KvÛ¸‡jv g~jZt
cÖ¯‘wZg~jK Kg©KvÛ Ges G¸‡jv wbtm‡›`‡n ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| G ai‡Yi c`‡¶c mvavibZ Ab¨vb¨ RvwZ, ivóª wKsev
Rb‡Mvwôi mv‡_ Bmjvgx iv‡óªi m¤úK© wbY©‡qi †¶‡Î ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K, †nvK Zv A_©
‰bwZK m¤úK© wKsev mr cÖwZ‡ekxg~jK m¤úK© A_ev Ab¨ ‡Kvb wfwËi Dci MwVZ m¤úK©, hv nq‡Zv ev
cieZ©x‡Z Bmjvg cÖPviÑcÖmv‡i mnvqK n‡Z cv‡i|
myZivs, †h ivR‰bwZK wPšvi— Dci wfwË K‡i Ab¨vb¨ iv‡óªi mv‡_ Bmjvgx iv‡ó&ªi m¤úK© wba©vwiZ nq Zv
g~jZt Zv‡ì gv‡S Bmjv‡gi we¯wZ…— NUv‡bv Ges Bmjv‡gi evYx Zv‡ì Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †`qvi wfwË‡ZB MwVZ|
G‡¶‡Î, AbymiYxq GKgvÎ c×wZ nj wRnv`| Z‡e, G e¨vcv‡i Bmjvgx ivóª wewfbœ iK‡gi cwiKíbv I Dcvq Aej¤^b
Ki‡Z cv‡i| ‡hgbt Bmjvgx ivóª Zvi wKQz msL¨K kÎ“ iv‡óªi mv‡_ mr cÖwZ‡ekxmyjf Pzw³ ¯^v¶i Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges
Ab¨‡ì mv‡_ hy× Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) G ai‡bi c×wZi Aby‡gv`b w`‡q‡Qb| wZwb(mv.) g`xbvq Avmvi
ciciB G ai‡bi c`‡¶c MÖnb K‡iwQ‡jb| Avevi, ivóª Zvi mg¯— kÎ“i wei“‡× GKB mv‡_ hy× †Nvlbv Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Avey eKi hLb BivK Ges AvjÑkv‡g ‡mbvevwnbx †cÖiY K‡iwQ‡jb ZLb G c×wZ MÖnb K‡iwQ‡jb| Avevi, ivóª
Zvi AvKvw•LZ djvd‡ji c‡¶ RbgZ ˆZixi Rb¨ †Kvb kÎ“iv‡óªi mv‡_ A¯’vqx hy×weiwZ Pzw³I Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) KzivBk‡ì mv‡_ AvjÑû`vBweqvn Pzw³ ¯^v¶i Kivi mgq G c×wZ Aej¤^b K‡iwQ‡jb| Avevi,
kÎ“c‡¶i g‡b fxwZ m„wó Kivi j‡¶¨, ivóª GjvKv wfwËK LÛ hy‡×i cwiKíbv Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) eì hy‡×i
c~‡e© G ai‡bi c`‡¶c MÖnb K‡iwQ‡jb| Avevi, DgvBqv Lwjdv‡ì kvmbvg‡j †ivgvb‡ì wei“‡× hy‡× Zviv GKB
ai‡bi c`‡¶c MÖnb K‡iwQ‡jv, Zv‡ì kxZ I MÖx®§Kvjxb cÖPvibvI G cwiKíbvi Aš©f~³— wQj|
`vIqvZx Kvh©µ‡gi ¯^v‡_©, Bmjvgx ivóª GKB mg‡q †Kvb †Kvb iv‡óªi mv‡_ A_©‰bwZK Pzw³ ¯^v¶i Ki‡Z
cv‡i Avevi †Kvb †Kvb iv‡óªi mv‡_ A_©‰bwZK m¤úK© cÖwZwôZ bvI Ki‡Z cv‡i| cÖ‡qvR‡b ivóª Kv‡iv mv‡_
KzU‰bwZK m¤úK© cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z cv‡i Avevi bvI Ki‡Z cv‡i| `vIqvZx Kvh©µg‡K Awfó Mš‡e¨— †bevi j‡¶¨
ivóª‡K Lye mZK©Zvi mv‡_ G mg¯— cwiKíbv Ki‡Z n‡e| Bmjv‡gi Avnev‡bi
72
we¯wZi…— D‡Ï‡k¨ Bmjvgx ivóª [kÎ“i wei“‡×] cÖcvMvÛv Ges [Bmjv‡gi c‡¶] cÖPvibvi AvkªqI wb‡Z cv‡i A_ev,
kÎ“c‡¶i †Mvcb cwiKíbv D‡¤§vPb Kiv wKsev mœvqy hy‡×i (Cold War) †KŠkjI MÖnb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
`vIqvZx Kvh©µ‡gi ¯^v_©mswkó Ges `vIqvZ‡K Z¡ivwš^Z Kivi j‡¶¨ M„nxZ c`‡¶‡ci mv‡_ mvgÄm¨ †i‡LB ivóª‡K
Zvi mKj cwiKíbv Ki‡Z n‡e| KviY, G ai‡bi cwiKíbv memgqB Bmjvg we¯v‡i— mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q Ges
wRnv‡ì ¸i“`vwqZ¡‡K mnRZi K‡i‡Q| GRb¨B G mg¯— c`‡¶c ciivóªbxwZi ev¯evq‡bi— Rb¨ AZ¨š— Ri“ix| GQvov,
Avjvni iv¯vq— KZ… wRnv‡ì (wRnv` wd mvwewjjvn&) gva¨‡g Bmjv‡gi we¯wZ…— NUv‡bvi j‡¶¨ me©`v
Bmjvg Ges Bmjvgx iv‡óªi c‡¶ RbgZ MVb KivI Ri“ix|
Bmjvg cÖPv‡i wRnv‡ì f~wgKvt
gymwjg D¤§vnÕi cvw_©e Rxe‡bi g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv mg¯— gvbeRvwZi Kv‡Q Bmjv‡gi mygnvb evYx †cuŠ‡Q †`qv|
G j‡¶¨, gymwjg D¤§vn‡K memgqB we‡k¦i Kg©Kv‡Ûi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ _vK‡Z n‡q‡Q| Avi, Bmjv‡gi evYx
cÖPviÑcÖmv‡ii ¸i“`vwqZ¡ memgq Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Kvu‡aB Awc©Z n‡q‡Q| ZvB, Ab¨vb¨ ‡`k Rq Kiv Ges AZ¨š—
mdjZvi mv‡_ j¶¨ AR©b Kiv wQj Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Rb¨ Lye ¯^vfvweK GKUv welq| cÖKZc‡¶,… Bmjvg wba©vwiZ
`vwqZ¡-KZ©e¨‡K mwVK fv‡e cvjb Kivi Kvi‡YB AZx‡Z gymwjg‡ì weR‡qi aviv Ae¨vnZ wQj| Avi, G
`vwqZ¡ mwVK fv‡e cvjb Kivi A © n‡jv, Bmjvgx AvBbÑKvbyb‡K Agymwjg‡ì Dci cÖ‡qvM K‡i Ges Bmjvgx
a¨vbÑavibv¸‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v K‡i Zv‡ì Kv‡Q Ggb fv‡e Bmjvg‡K †cuŠ‡Q †`qv †hb Bmjvg Zv‡ì wPšvi— RM‡Z
wePiY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
GRb¨, Bmjv‡gi weRq Awfhvb bv cwiPvwjZ n‡q‡Q †Kvb nxb ¯^v_©wmw×i j‡¶¨ ev ‡Kvb Rb‡Mvwô‡K
K‡jvbx‡Z cwiYZ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨, Avi bv Zv cwiPvwjZ n‡q‡Q †Kvb we‡kl GjvKvi cÖvKwZK… m¤ú` KiZjMZ Kivi
D‡Ï‡k¨| G mg¯— weRqhvÎvi GK Ges GKgvÎ D‡Ïk¨ wQj Bmjv‡gi gnvb evYx gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †`qv Ges
†mBmv‡_ Zviv ‡h `yb©xwZMÖ¯’ kvm‡bi Aax‡b `ytmn Rxebhvcb KiwQj Zv †_‡K Zv‡ì gy³ Kiv|
e¯‘Zt Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj LyeB kw³kvjx wfwËi Dci| ‡h Kvi‡Y, cÖwZôvi ci †_‡KB G ivóª Ae‡jvKb
K‡i‡Q Gi mg„w× Ges we¯wZ,…— wewfbœ †`k Rq K‡i‡Q Ges cÖwZwbqZ Gi mxgvbv‡K e„w× K‡i‡Q| †h‡nZz
G iv‡óªi AvKx`vn& ev wek¦vm mve©Rbxb, ZvB G ivóª cÖwZôvi g~‡jB wbwnZ i‡q‡Q Gi mve©Rbxb iv‡óª
cwiYZ nevi g~jgš¿| G AvKx`vn& mgMÖ gvbeRvwZi Rb¨ †cÖwiZ AvKx`vn&, hv †_‡K DrmwiZ n‡q‡Q
wek¦‡Kw›`ªK GK eë¯’v Ges G eë¯’vi cwiKíbv Kiv n‡q‡Q we‡k¦i mKj gvby‡li Rb¨|
‡h Rb¨ cÖwZôvi ci †_‡KB Gi µgkt we¯wZ…— NUv Ges G‡Ki ci GK †`k‡K Rq Kiv wQj Lye ¯^vfvweK e¨vcvi|
cÖKZc‡¶,… G ivóª cÖwZôvi g~j KviYB G welq¸‡jv‡K AeavwiZ K‡i Zz‡jwQj| ivmyj(mv.) AvKvevi wØZxq
kc‡_i mgq †h mKj gymwj‡gi KvQ †_‡K evBÕqvZ MÖnb K‡iwQ‡jb Zviv mK‡jB Avjvni ivmy‡ji Kvu‡a Kvua
wgwj‡q hy× Kivi Rb¨ cÖwZÁve× n‡qwQ‡jb, hwÌ G hy‡× Zv‡ì ab-m¤ú‡ì ¶q¶wZ nq wKsev Zv‡ì m¤£vš—
e¨w³e‡M©i g„Zz¨ N‡U| Zviv myL Ges `ytL Dfq Ae¯’v‡ZB Avjvni ivmyj(mv.)Gi cwic~Y© AvbyMZ¨ Kivi kc_
wb‡qwQ‡jb Ges me©ve¯’vq mZ¨ K_v ejvi cÖwZÁv K‡iwQ‡jb| Zviv GUvI cÖwZÁv K‡iwQ‡jb †h, Avjvni
mš‘wó AR©‡bi j‡¶¨ Zviv KviI Amš‘wói f‡q fxZ n‡e bv Ges Bmjvgx `vIqvZ‡K i¶vi Rb¨ wb‡R‡ì Rxeb evwR †i‡L
Avg„Zz¨ jovB Ki‡e| Avi, G GKwbô AvbyM‡Zï cyi¯‹vi wnmv‡e Zviv cv‡e wPimeyR RvbœvZ| cÖKZA‡…_©,
Bmjvgx iv‡óªi †mbvevwnbx cÖ¯‘wZi g~‡j G welq¸‡jvB memgq g~jgš¿ wnmv‡e KvR K‡i‡Q| gymwjg‡ì
memgqB g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, †Kvb Kvi‡Y Bmjvgx iv‡óªi †mbvevwnbx cÖ¯‘Z Kiv n‡q‡Q? Zv‡ì g~j KvR wK?
†mbvevwnbx cÖ¯‘wZi g~j D‡Ïk¨ wK ïayB Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ enb Kiv bq? G D‡Ï‡k¨B wK gymwjgiv
†mbvevwnbx‡Z †hvM †`qwb, AvbyM‡Zï kc_ K‡iwb Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b Rxeb DrmM© K‡i w`‡Z cÖwZÁve× nqwb?
Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) Zvui g„Zzï c~e© ch©š— G‡Ki ci GK Awfhv‡bi cwiKíbv K‡ib| mgMÖ Avie DcØxc‡K
Bmjv‡gi cZvKvZ‡j wb‡q Avmvi ci wZwb(mv.) Kvqmvi Ges Lmi“i Kv‡Q Zvui `~Z †cÖiY K‡ib| Avie DcØx‡ci
evB‡i Bmjv‡gi Avnevb‡K Qwo‡q †`qvI Zvui `vIqvZx cwiKíbvi GKUv Ask wQj Ges wnRix 7g mv‡j wZwb(mv.)
G KvR ïi“ K‡ib| GQvov, wZwb(mv.) Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Av‡kcv‡ki wewfbœ ivRv I ivRcyÎ‡ì Kv‡Q `~Z cvVvb, Zv‡ì
mKj‡K Bmjv‡gi w`‡K Avnevb K‡ib| gyÕZv Ges Zvey‡Ki hy‡× †mbvevwnbx †cÖiY Ges ÕDmvgvi ˆmbëvwnbx
cÖ¯‘Z Kiv Zvui G mg¯— cwiKíbviB ev¯e— cÖwZdjb| Zvui DËim~ix LwjdvMY iv‡óªi kvmK wnmv‡e Zvui
M„nxZ cwiKíbvi AbymiY K‡i‡Qb Ges †h mg¯— †`‡k `~Z cvwV‡q wZwb(mv.) gvbyl‡K Bmjv‡gi w`‡K Avnevb
K‡iwQ‡jb, LwjdvMY †m mg¯— †`k Rq K‡i cÖKZA‡… © Zvui cwiKíbv‡KB ev¯evqb— K‡i‡Q|
73
cieZ©x‡Z, Lye kxNÖB GKB c×wZ I g~jbxwZ AbymiY K‡i bZzb bZzb weRq Awfhv‡bi cÖ¯‘wZ †bqv nq|
ivmyj(mv.) Gi g~jbxwZ AbymiY Kivi Kvi‡Y Bmjvgx ivóª †`k R‡qi e¨vcv‡i KL‡bv we‡kl †Kvb cQ›`‡K cÖvavb¨
†`qwb| wKsev, G KvR K‡ZvUv mnR ev K‡ZvUv KwVb G wel‡qI gymwjgiv KL‡bv wPšv—-fvebv K‡iwb| hwÌ
wgki Rq Kiv gymwjg‡ì Rb¨ Zzjbvg~jK fv‡e mnR wQj Ges `vwi`ªcxwoZ DËi Avwd«Kvi i“¶ gi“gq cÖKwZi…
†cÖ¶vc‡U †m AÂ‡j h‡_ó cwigvY abm¤úÌ wQj, wKš‘, Zvic‡iI G mg¯— †Kvb welqB KL‡bv gymwjgiv we‡ePbv
K‡iwb| KviY, Zv‡ì wewfbœ †`kR‡qi ‡cQ‡bi GKgvÎ KviY wQj Bmjv‡gi evYx‡K †m mg¯— AÂ‡j †cuŠ‡Q †`qv|
g~jZt G D‡Ïk¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡LB gymwjgiv cÖvP~h©gwÛZ wKsev cÖvP~h©nxb mKj ivóª‡KB gy³ K‡i‡Q| A_ev,
†Kvb †`‡ki RbMY hLb weR‡qi c‡_ evuav n‡q `vuwo‡q‡Q, †m evuav‡KI Zviv Aejxjvq AcmviY K‡i‡Q| G
Kvi‡YB wewfbœ †`‡k Bmjv‡gi evYx †cuŠ‡Q †`qvi †cQ‡b †m ‡`‡k abm¤ú‡ì Dcw¯’wZ wKsev Zv‡ì
`vwi`ªcxwoZ Ae¯’v KL‡bv g~j welq wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ nqwb| wKsev, †Kvb Rb‡Mvwôi Bmjvg MÖnb Kiv ev
cÖZ¨vLvb KivI Bmjv‡gi evYx enb Kivi c_‡K i“× Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| cÖKZA‡…_©, gymwjg‡ì wewfbœ †`kRq Kivi
g~jKviYB wQj Bmjv‡gi Avnevb‡K wek¦e¨vcx we¯Z…— Kiv Ges †mBmv‡_ Bmjv‡gi eyw×e„wËK †bZZ¡‡K…
cÖwZwôZ Kiv| KviY, Bmjv‡gi GB eyw×e„wËK †bZZ¡… †_‡KB DrmwiZ n‡q‡Q GK cwic~Y© Rxebeë¯’v, hv
GB c„w_exi cÖwZwU †`‡k, cÖwZwU gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †`qv Ri“ix|
cweÎ †KviAv‡b cwi¯‹vi fv‡e wRnv‡ì cÖKZ… D‡Ïk¨ Ges Gi evaëvaKZv m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GKB
mv‡_, ‡KviAv‡b G wel‡qI †Rvi †`qv n‡q‡Q †h, wRnv` GKgvÎ Bmjvg Aby‡gvw`Z c×wZ Abymv‡iB n‡Z n‡e Ges
GKgvÎ Bmjv‡gi Avnevb we¯wZi…— j‡¶¨B n‡Z n‡e| G e¨vcv‡i kw³kvjx AvqvZ bvwhj K‡i AvjvnZvqvjv
gymwjg‡ì Zvui c‡_ wRnv‡ì Rb¨ wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb| AvjvnZvqvjv myiv Avbdv‡j e‡j‡Qb,
ÒGes †Zvgiv Zv‡ì mv‡_ ZZ¶b ch©š— hy× Ki hZ¶b ch©š— bv (c„w_ex †_‡K) wdZbv `~ixf~Z nq Ges Øxb ‡Kej
AvjvnÕi Rb¨B wbw`©ó nq|Ó [myiv AvjÑAvbdvjt 39]
wZwb myiv evKvivq e‡j‡Qb,
ÒGes †Zvgiv Zv‡ì mv‡_ hy× Ki hZ¶b ch©š— bv wdZbv `~ixf~Z nq Ges Øxb †Kej AvjvnÕi Rb¨B wbw`©ó nq| AZtci
hw` Zviv wbe„Z nq, Z‡e AZ¨vPvix e¨ZxZ Avi Kv‡iv mv‡_ kÎ“Zv †bB|Ó [myiv evKvivn&t 193]
AvjvnZvqvjv myiv ZIev‡Z e‡j‡Qb,
Òhy× Ki Zv‡ì mv‡_ hviv Avjvni Dci Cgvb Av‡b bv, Avi bv Cgvb Av‡b wKqvgZ wè‡mi Dci, bv Zviv wb‡la K‡i Zv
n‡Z hv
†_‡K Avjvn& I Zvui ivmyj wb‡la K‡i‡Qb Ges Zv‡ì mv‡_ hviv Avn‡j wKZve‡ì ga¨ n‡Z mZ¨Øxb‡K ¯^xKwZ… †`q
bv, †h ch©š— bv
Zviv ¯^ZtùyZ© AvbyM‡Zï mv‡_ wRwhqv cÖ`v‡b m¤§Z nq|Ó
[myiv ZIevt 29]
Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK Avqv‡Zi mv‡_ GB AvqvZ¸‡jvI gymwjg‡ì wRnv` Kivi wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Q Ges wRnv‡ì g~j D‡Ïk¨
wK n‡e Zvi Bw½ZI GLv‡b †`qv n‡q‡Q| g~jZt G ai‡bi AvqvZ¸‡jvB memgq gymwjg‡ì Ab¨vb¨ †`k Rq Ki‡Z
DØy&× K‡i‡Q|
myZivs, †`Lv hv‡”Q, Øxb Bmjvg cÖPv‡ii wfwË‡ZB g~jZt Bmjvgx ivóª MVb Kiv n‡qwQj Ges G D‡Ï‡k¨B
kw³kvjx gymwjg †mbvevwnbx MwVZ n‡qwQj| ZvB GK_v A¯^xKvh© †h, wRnv` Avjvn KZ©K… wba©vwiZ
GKwU welq Ges Gi gva¨‡gB gymwjgiv wewfbœ †`‡k weRq cZvKv D‡Ëvjb K‡iwQj| Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ en‡bi GB
¸i“`vwqZ¡ AveviI gymwjg‡ì‡K Bmjvgx ivóª wdwi‡q †`‡e|
Bmjv‡gi weRqhvÎv mymsnZKiYt
AZx‡Z gymwjgiv eû †`k Rq K‡i †mLv‡b Bmjvgx kvmb cÖwZwôZ K‡i‡Q| e¯‘Zt BmjvgB Zv‡ì kvmb-¶gZv I
†bZZ¡…-KZ©‡Z¡… Dcweó nevi wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Q| KviY, Agymwjg‡ì Øviv kvwmZ nIqv gymwjg‡ì Rb¨ wbwl×|
AvjvnZvqvjv myiv wbmv‡Z e‡j‡Qb,
ÒAvjvn KL‡bvB gyÕwgb‡ì Dci Kvwdi‡ì‡K Rb¨ †Kvb c_ ivL‡eb bv|Ó [myiv wbmvt 141]
74
GQvov, AvjvnZvqvjv m¤§vb I gh©v`v gyÕwgb‡ì Rb¨ wba©vwiZ K‡i‡Qb| wZwb myiv gybvwdKz‡b e‡j‡Qb,
ÒGes m¤§vb I gh©v`v †Zv ïay Avjvn, Zvui ivmyj Ges gyÕwgb‡ì Rb¨B wbw`©ó, wKš‘ gybvwdKiv Zv Rv‡b bv|Ó
[myiv gybvwdKzbt 8]
AvjvnZvqvjv gymwjg‡ì ZZ¶b ch©š— cÖwZcwË, kvmb-¶gZv Ges †bZZ¡… †`bwb, hZ¶b ch©š— bv Zviv Zv‡ì
gbgvbwmKZv‡K mwZ¨Kvi fv‡e Bmjv‡gi Av‡jv‡K MVb Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q| Avi cÖKZ… A‡_©, G gvbwmKZv ej‡Z
‡evSvq, kvmb-KZ©Z¡… I †bZZ¡… AR©‡bi gva¨‡g Bmjvg‡K cwic~Y© fv‡e ev¯evqb— Kiv Ges Bmjv‡gi
evYx‡K wek¦e¨vcx we¯Z…— Kiv, ¶gZv AR©‡bi ‡gv‡n gË n‡q hvIqv bq| gymwjgiv hZ¶b ch©š— bv GB
†hvM¨Zv I gvbwmKZv AR©b K‡i‡Q [A_©vr, Zviv eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Q RbMY‡K kvmb Kiv ej‡Z Avm‡j wK †evSvq
Ges Avjvni Kv‡Q Gi Revew`wnZv K‡ZvUzKz] ZZ¶b ch©š— AvjvnZvqvjv Zv‡ì‡K kvmb-KZ©Z¡… Ges
RbM‡Yi †`Lv‡kvbv Kivi `vwqZ¡ †_‡K mwi‡q †i‡L‡Qb| e¯‘Zt Bmjv‡gi Af~Zc~e© †mŠ›`h© ‡bZ‡Z¡… AwawôZ
GB mg¯— b¨vqcivqY kvmK‡ì wewfbœ Kg©KvÛ I Dw³i ga¨ w`‡q AZ¨š— ‡Rviv‡jv fv‡e cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q Ges
RbMYI G Av‡jvwKZ †mŠ›`‡h©i mv¶x n‡q‡Q, hLb kvmKiv Zv‡ì kixqvÕn& AvBb-Kvby‡bi gva¨‡g kvmb
K‡i‡Q| Gi Aek¨¤¢vex djvdj wnmv‡e, GB mg¯— Rb‡Mvwôi gvbyl Bmjv‡gi †mŠ›`‡h© G‡Zv ‡ekx gy» n‡q‡Q †h,
Zviv ¯^ZtùyZ© fv‡e `‡j `‡j Bmjv‡g cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q| d‡j, Bmjv‡gi cÖwZcwË, †bZZ¡… I ¶gZvi ZvivI Askx`vi
n‡q‡Q Ges †mBmv‡_ Zv‡ì †`k¸‡jvI gymwjg D¤§vnÕi Ask wnmv‡e Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Aš©f~³— n‡q †M‡Q|
wewRZ G mg¯— †`k¸‡jv‡K Bmjvgx AvBbÑKvbyb Abymv‡i kvmb K‡i Bmjv‡gi GB weRqhvÎv‡K mymswnZ
Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv cieZ©x‡Z AviI kw³kvjx n‡q‡Q G mg¯— AÂ‡ji gvby‡li Bmjvg MÖn‡bi ga¨ w`‡q [until the
conquest of countries by the Islamic State was a given until the Day of Judgement] | g~jZt G Awfhvb¸‡jv wewRZ
Rb‡Mvwôi gvbyl‡ì‡K Zv‡ì c~e©eZ©x Ae¯’v
I kvmb-eë¯’v †_‡K m¤ú~b© fv‡e wew”Qbœ K‡iwQj Ges Zv‡ì‡K Awek¦vmx Rb‡Mvwô †_‡K wek¦vmx
Rb‡Mvwô‡Z iƒcvšwiZ— K‡iwQj| †mBmv‡_ Zv‡ì f~-LÛ `vi“j Kzdi †_‡K `vi“j Bmjv‡g iƒcvšwiZ— n‡qwQj|
Bmjvgx kvmb-eë¯’v aŸsm K‡i ‡èvi c~e© ch©š— GB Ae¯’v weivR K‡i| Z‡e, Bmjvgx kvmb-eë¯’v I gymwjg‡ì
KZ©Z¡… aŸsm n‡q hvevi ciI GB AÂ‡ji gvby‡liv gymwjgB †_‡K wM‡qwQj Ges Zv‡ì f~-LÛ¸‡jvI gymwjg f~-
LÛ wnmv‡eB we‡ewPZ| hwÌ eZ©gv‡b Bmjvgx ivóª Abycw¯’Z, wKš‘ ZviciI †h mg¯— †`k¸‡jv GKmgq
gymwjgiv Rq K‡iwQj ‡m mg¯— †`‡ki gvbyl GLbI Bmjvg‡KB AvuK‡o a‡i Av‡Q Ges Zv‡ì f~-LÛ¸‡jv GLbI
gymwjg f~-LÛ wnmv‡eB we‡ewPZ n‡”Q| GRb¨, GB mg¯— AÂj¸‡jv‡Z Bmjv‡gi KZ©Z¡… c~btcÖwZwôZ K‡i
AveviI G AÂ‡j Bmjvgx kvmb-eë¯’v wdwi‡q wb‡q Avmvi m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q|
g~jZt wKQz wKQz welq Bmjv‡gi weRqhvÎv‡K ¯’vqx Ki‡Z Ges †mBmv‡_ Bmjv‡gi exR‡K wePviwèm ch©š—
gvby‡li Aš‡i— ‡cÖvw_Z Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡iwQj| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wKQz welq wewRZ f~-LÛ¸‡jv‡K kvmb Kiv mnR
K‡iwQj, †hgbt Bmjvgx AvBb-Kvby‡bi cÖKwZ|… Avevi Ab¨wKQz welq wQj hv wewRZ Rb‡Mvwôi gvbyl‡K
Bmjvg MÖn‡b DØy× K‡iwQj, †hgbt RbM‡Yi mv‡_ Bmjvgx iv‡óªi kvmK‡ì eënvi| Avevi wKQz wKQz welq
ag©všwiZ— bI gymwjg‡ì Aš‡i— wPi¯’vqx fv‡e Bmjvg‡K ‡cÖvw_Z Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡iwQj, †hgb, Bmjvgx
AvKx`vn&Õi cÖKwZ|…
ms‡¶‡c GB welq¸‡jv wbgœiƒ‡c mvRv‡bv hvqt

1. Bmjvg GKwU †hŠw³K AvKx`vn& ev wek¦vm, hv gvbyl‡K eyw×e„wËK cÖwµqvq wPšvÑfvebvi—
gva¨‡g Bmjvg MÖnb Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡i| GRb¨, hLbB †Kvb gvbyl Bmjvg MÖnb K‡i, ZLbB †m wPšvkxj—
e¨w³‡Z cwiYZ nq| Gi KviY nj, Bmjvg MÖn‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_B Zvi wPšv—-‡PZbv wek¦-eª²vÛ Ges m„ó
RM‡Zi w`‡K avweZ nq Ges Avjvn&i G m„ó RM‡Zi e¨vcKZv I inm¨gqZv cÖwZwbqZ Zv‡K mªóvi
Aw¯Z¡— m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ K‡i †Zv‡j| G wPšv—-‡PZbvB Zv‡K gnvb mªóvi ûKzg-Avn&Kvg m¤ú‡K©
Ávb AR©b Ki‡Z, [kixqvÕi g~j Drm †_‡K] wewfbœ ûKzg AbymÜvb Ki‡Z Ges Zv Abyhvqx Zvi Rxe‡bi
mg¯— mgm¨v mgvavb Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ K‡i| Avi Gfv‡eB, Bmjvg e¨w³ gvby‡li Rxe‡bi Awe‡”Q`¨ As‡k
cwiYZ nq Ges †m ¯^ZtùzZ© fv‡e, ‡R‡bey‡S Bmjvg w`‡q Zvi Rxeb cwiPvjbv K‡i|
2. Bmjvg gymwjg‡ì ÁvbvR©b Kiv Ges Bmjv‡gi ixwZ-bxwZ I ms¯‹wZ… m¤ú‡K© AewnZ _vKv‡K
eva¨Zvg~jK K‡i‡Q| ZvB, Bmjvg‡K cwic~Y© fv‡e Rvbv I †evSvi Rb¨ ïay gy‡L `yB Kv‡jgv D”PviY Kiv
h‡_ó bq| eis, GKRb gymwj‡gi DwPZ Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© e¨vcK ÁvbvR©b Kiv| gvbyl, gnvwek¦ I Rxe‡bi
cÖKZ… D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© Bmjv‡gi Av‡jv‡K ¯^”Q `„wófw½ ‰Zix Kiv Ges Bmjvg G‡ì ga¨Kvi
cvi¯úvwiK m¤úK© wKfv‡e wba©viY K‡i‡Q †m e¨vcv‡i AbymÜvb Kiv gymwjg‡ì `vwqZ¡| KviY, Gme
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wel‡q cwic~Y© Ávb gvby‡li wPšvi— RMZ‡K we¯Z…— I cÖmvwiZ K‡i, Zvi a¨vb-aviYv‡K ¯^”Q K‡i
Ges m‡e©vcwi cÖwZwbqZ Zvi gbgvbwlKZv‡K DbœZ K‡i - hv Zv‡K Ab¨‡ì wk¶K‡K cwiYZ K‡i|
3. e¯‘Zt Bmjvgx Rxebv`k© Ges Gi kixqvn&Õi cÖKwZ… nj, G m¤úwK©Z Ávb‡K av‡c av‡c I µgvš^‡q
AR©b Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq| GwU GKRb gymwjg‡K †m †h mgv‡R emevm K‡i ‡mLvb †_‡K ÁvbvR©b Kivi
c×wZ I cÖwµqvi wk¶v ‡`q| gymwjgiv memgq ev¯evqb— KivB j‡¶¨B Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© ÁvbvR©b K‡i‡Q|
GKvi‡bB gymwjgiv cÖPÛ Drmvn I DÏxcbv wb‡q Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© ÁvbvR©b K‡i‡Q| Bmjvgx AvKx`vn&
Zv‡ì Aši— I ü`‡q `„p fv‡e ‡cÖvw_Z n‡q hvevi Kvi‡b Zv‡ì wQj PZz©w`K cwi‡eóbKvix a¨vb-aviYv
Ges †mBmv‡_ wQj mg„× I w`Mš— we¯Z…— ÁvbfvÛvi| GQvov, gymwjgiv mvavibZ †Kvb welq
m¤ú‡K© e¨vcK M‡elYv I wPšvfvebv— Kivi ciB ‡m e¨vcv‡i Bmjv‡gi ûKzg-AvnKvg wK n‡e ‡m wm×vš
— MÖnb Ki‡Zv| KviY, G †¶‡ÎI Bmjvg‡K ev¯e— fv‡e cÖ‡qvM KivB g~j welq wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ nZ|
cÖKZA‡… ,© gymwjgiv ïaygvÎ Ávb AR©b Kivi LvwZ‡i KL‡bv Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© M‡elYv wKsev
wPšvfvebv— K‡iwb| KviY, G‡¶‡Î GB Ávbmvabv Zv‡ì‡K ïay Bmjv‡gi ûKzg-AvnKvg ev wPšv‡PZbvq
— cwic~Y© Rxeš— GK jvB‡eªix ev eB‡Z cwiYZ Ki‡Zv, hvi †Kvb ev¯e— cÖ‡qvM _vK‡Zv bv| GB
ai‡bi Ávbmvabv Zv‡ì‡K Áv‡bi Ggb GK avi‡K cwiYZ Ki‡Zv, hv Zv‡ì Kvh©Kjvc I RxebvPiY‡K
cÖfvweZ Ki‡Zv bv Ges jä †m Áv‡bi Av‡jv‡K mgvR cwieZ©b Kivi Kv‡RI D×z× Ki‡Zv bv| AwR©Z GB
Ávb mwÂZ Rjvav‡ii g‡Zv mgv‡R †Kvb cÖfve bv †d‡jB GKmgq ïwK‡q †hZ| GQvov, gymwjgiv
Bmjvg‡K ïaygvÎ wKQz Dc‡`kvejxi mgwó wnmv‡eI MÖnb K‡iwb| KviY, Zv n‡j, Bmjvgx Av`k© Zv‡ì‡K
msKxY© wPšv‡PZbvi— e¨w³e‡M© cwiYZ Ki‡Zv, hvi d‡j Zviv wek¦v‡mi mv‡_ Zv‡ì ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi
Kvh©Kjv‡ci m¤úK© ¯’vcb Ki‡Z e¨ © n‡Zv| gymwjgiv Lye mZK© fv‡e wec`RbK GB `ywU c_‡K cwinvi
K‡i‡Q; GKwU nj, ïaygvÎ ÁvbvR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© M‡elYv Kiv| Avi, Ab¨wU nj, Bmjvg‡K ïay
wKQz Dc‡`kvejxi mgwó wnmv‡e MÖnb Kiv| e¯‘Zt Bmjv‡gi wba©vwiZ c‡_B gymwjgiv Bmjvg I Gi
ûKzg-AvnKvg m¤ú‡K© ÁvbvR©b K‡i‡Q| Avi, Zv nj Av‡jvwKZ wPšvi— gva¨‡g Bmjvg m¤ú‡K©
ÁvbvR©b Kiv Ges Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU †¶‡Î GB AwR©Z Ávb‡K ev¯e— fv‡e cÖ‡qvM Kiv|
4. Bmjvg cÖMwZkxj Av`k©| G Av`k© memgqB gymwjg‡ì‡K bZzb bZzb D”PZvi w`‡K wb‡q hvq Ges
Zv‡ì‡K cwic~Y©Zv AR©‡bi Av‡jvwKZ GK c‡_i Dci cÖwZwôZ K‡i| e¯‘Zt Bmjvg gymwjg‡ì‡K ev¯e
— Rxe‡b wKQz KvR Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡i| Avi G mg¯— Kvh©vejx gymwjg‡ì‡K ax‡i ax‡i Ggb GK
cwic~Y©Zvi w`‡K wb‡q hvq †hLv‡b Zviv Ava¨vwZ¥K D”PZv, gvbwmK kvwš— Ges mwZ¨Kv‡ii
myL‡K Abyfe Ki‡Z cv‡i| gvbyl hLb G D”PZvq †cuŠ‡Q hvq, ZLb †m †mLv‡bB Ae¯’vb Ki‡Z Pvq| †m
Ae¯’vb †_‡K cwZZ n‡Z Pvq bv| wKš‘, ev¯eZv— n‡jv, cwic~Y©Zvi G iKg GK D”PZvq †cuŠQv‡bv hZ
bv KwVb, †m Ae¯’vb‡K a‡i ivLv Zvi PvB‡ZI KwVb KvR| GRb¨, gymwjg‡ì‡K Zv‡ì Kv‡Ri e¨vcv‡i n‡Z
n‡e `„p cÖZ¨qx, msKíe× I wPšvkxj|— G mg¯— ¸bvejxi gva¨‡gB gymwjgiv Zv‡ì AwR©Z D”PZv I
cÖMwZ‡K a‡i ivL‡Z cvi‡e|
gymwjg‡ì KiYxq GB mg¯— Kvh©vejx Avm‡j mvgwMÖK Bev`‡Zi mgwó; hv‡ì g‡a¨ wKQz Aek¨
cvjbxq [diR], Avi wKQz Avbymvw½K| mgMÖ gymwj‡gi Rb¨ Aek¨cvjbxq G diR KZ©e¨¸‡jv ¯^vfvweK
fv‡eB mgMÖ RvwZ‡K cÖMwZi mvaviY GK D”PZvq wb‡q Avm‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| Avi, Aek¨cvjbxq
KZ©e¨ Qvov Ab¨me KvR¸‡jv cÖwZwbqZ gvbyl‡K cwic~Y©Zv AR©b Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ K‡i|
Bev`Z wnmv‡e KiYxq GB mg¯— KvR¸‡jv Avm‡j `yiƒn ev fvien †Kvb `vwqZ¡ bq| wKsev, bq K¬vwšKi
— ev `geÜKiv †Kvb Abvw•LZ AwfÁZv| G mg¯— Kvh©vejx gvbyl‡K Zvi Rxe‡bi ¯^vfvweK Avb›`,
D”Q¡vm wKsev cÖvY PÂjZv †_‡KI ewÂZ K‡i bv| bv gvbe cÖKwZ‡K… A¯^xKvi K‡i Zvi ¯^vfvweK
cÖe„wËMZ Pvwn`v¸‡jv‡K `wg‡q iv‡L| Avm‡j, Bev`Z wnmv‡e KiYxq GB mg¯— KZ©e¨¸‡jv, we‡kl K‡i
eva¨Zvg~jK KZ©e¨¸‡jv cvjb Kiv †h KviI Rb¨ LyeB mnR GKwU e¨vcvi Ges cÖwZwU gvby‡li c‡¶ Zv cvjb
Kiv m¤¢e| GB Bev`Z¸‡jv gvbyl‡K Zvi Rxeb Dc‡fvM Kivi c‡_I evuav n‡q `vuovq bv| e¯‘Zt Aek¨ cvjbxq
Bev`Z¸‡jv Qvov, Avbymvw½K Ab¨vb¨ gvb`ye Bev`Z¸‡jv [†h mg¯— KvR Kivi Rb¨ gymwjg‡ì DrmvwnZ
Kiv n‡q‡Q] gymwjgiv cÖPÛ Drmvn I DÏxcbvi mv‡_ cvjb K‡i| KviY, Zviv Rv‡b GB mg¯— Kv‡Ri
gva¨‡gB Zviv AvjvnÕi mš‘wó AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
5. AZx‡Zi gymwjgiv Øxb Bmjv‡gi Av‡jvwKZ evYx‡K mg¯— we‡k¦ Qwo‡q †èvi j‡¶¨B Ab¨vb¨ †`k Rq
K‡i‡Q| GRb¨ Zviv wek¦vm Ki‡Zv ‡h, Zviv Ggb GK evwnbx hv‡ì Aši— gnvbyfeZv I †n`v‡q‡Z
cwic~Y©| gymwjgiv hLb †Kvb ‡`k Rq Ki‡Zv,

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ZLb †m †`k‡K Bmjvg w`‡qB kvmb Ki‡Zv| Avi, ‡Kvb Rb‡Mvôx Bmjvg MÖnb Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_B Zviv
gymwjg‡ì g‡ZvB mgvb bvMwiK AwaKvi †fvM Ki‡Zv Ges †mBmv‡_, gymwjg‡ì Rb¨ hv hv Aek¨cvjbxq
Zviv †m mg¯— Kvh©vejxI cvjb Ki‡Z eva¨ _vK‡Zv| wewRZ bZzb f~LÛ Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Aaxb¯’ Ab¨vb¨
AÂ‡ji g‡ZvB mgvb AwaKvi I gh©v`v Dc‡fvM Ki‡Zv Ges Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask wnmv‡e
we‡ewPZ nZ| KviY, Bmjvgx kvmbeë¯’v HK¨ I mgZvi wfwË‡Z cÖwZwôZ| G Kvi‡YB, wewRZ f~wgi
Rb‡Mvôx KL‡bv Abyfe K‡iwb †h, Zviv `Lj`vwiZ¡ wKsev AvMÖvm‡bi wkKvi n‡q‡Q| bv Zviv
Jcwb‡ewkKZvi †Kvb wPý †Kvbw`b cÖZ¨¶ K‡i‡Q| myZivs, GUv we¯§qKi bq †h, Bmjv‡gi ev¯e—
cÖ‡qvM‡K ¯^P‡¶ Ae‡jvKb Kivi ci wewRZ Rb‡Mvôxi gvby‡liv ‡¯^”Qvq `‡j `‡j Bmjv‡gi QvqvZ‡j
G‡m‡Q|
6. Bmjv‡gi Rxebv`k© Ges ûKzg-AvnKvg m¤úwK©Z Ávb ‡Kvb we‡kl †Mvôxi Rb¨ wbw`©ó bq| eis, GUv
mK‡ji Rb¨ D¤§y³ GKwU welq| cÖKZ… A‡_©, wewRZ f~wgi Rb‡Mvôx‡K Bmjv‡gi AvKx`vn& I ûKzg-
AvnKvg m¤ú‡K© wk¶v †`qv gymwjg‡ì Rb¨ eva¨Zvg~jK, †hb Zviv Bmjvgx AvKx`vn& I Rxebv`‡k©i
cÖKZ… †mŠ›`h© I cÖKwZ‡K… Mfxi fv‡e Abyfe Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avjvni ivmyj(mvt) Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Aaxb¯’
AÂj¸‡jvi Rb‡Mvôx‡K Bmjvg w`‡q kvmb Kivi j‡¶¨ †m AÂ‡j Mf©bi I wePviK wb‡qvM Ki‡Zb Ges
gvbyl‡K Bmjv‡gi ûKzg-AvnKvg m¤ú‡K© wk¶v †èvi Rb¨ wk¶K wb‡qvM Ki‡Zb| The Muslims who
came after him (saw) conquered many countries and set up rulers and teachers who would teach the people
fiqh and Qur’an. The people welcomed Islamic education with open arms until their culture became
Islamic. This included those who chose not to embrace Islam.
7. Bmjvgx kixqvn& k¦vkZ I mve©Rbxb Ges ‡mBmv‡_ Gi i‡q‡Q gvbeRxe‡bi mg¯— mgm¨vi mgvavb †èvi
¶gZv| G Kvi‡YB, gymwjg‡ì‡K KLbI wewRZ AÂj¸‡jvi AvBb-Kvbyb m¤ú‡K© M‡elbv Ki‡Z nqwb|
wKsev, ‡h AvBb-Kvbyb w`‡q Zviv Rxe‡bi me mgm¨vi mgvavb K‡i‡Q (kixqvn& AvBb), †m AvBb-
Kvby‡bi mv‡_ wewRZ AÂj¸‡jv‡Z we`¨gvb AvBb-Kvby‡bi †Kvb iKg mg‡SvZvI Ki‡Z nqwb; bv Zviv G
mKj AÂ‡j we`¨gvb AvBb n‡Z †KvbiKg AvBb MÖnY K‡i‡Q| †Kvb AÂj ev ‡`k Rq Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_B
Zviv †mLv‡b cÖ_gw`b †_‡KB Bmjvgx kvmbeë¯’v Ges kixqvn& AvBb‡K cy‡ivcywi ev ev¯evqb—
K‡i‡Q| Bmjvgx kvmbeë¯’v ev kixqvn& AvBb ev ev¯evq‡bi— †¶‡Î Zviv †KvbiKg ch©vqµwgK c`‡¶cI
MÖnY K‡iwb| †hgbt Ggb KLbI nqwb †h, Zviv wewRZ ‡Kvb AÂ‡j K, L I M AvBb ev¯evqb— K‡i‡Q,
wKšZz N AvBb ev¯evqb— K‡iwb| GB †f‡e †h, N AvB‡bi ev¯evqb— nq‡Zv ‡m AÂ‡j Bmjvgx
kvmbeë¯’v‡K weZwK©Z n‡Z cv‡i, wKsev N AvB‡bi ev¯evqb— gvbyl‡K Bmjvg wegyL Ki‡Z cv‡i;
A_ev, G AvBb †g‡b †bqv RbM‡Yi Rb¨ AZ¨šZ KóKi n‡Z cv‡i| e¯‘Zt AZx‡Z Bmjvg‡K KLbB GiKg
ch©vqµwgK fv‡e ax‡i ax‡i ev¯evqb— Kiv nqwb| wKsev, wew”Qbœ ev LwÛZ AvKv‡i GLv‡b †mLv‡b
kixqvn& AvBb cÖ‡qvM Kiv nqwb|
Avm‡j, Bmjvg‡K cwic~Y© fv‡e cÖ‡qv‡Mi c‡_ evuav n‡q `vuovq Ggb †Kvb cwiw¯’wZ gymwjgiv KLbI
mn¨ K‡iwb| Zviv Bmjv‡gi Avnevb‡K mgMÖ we‡k¦i ìev‡i †cuŠwQ‡q †`qv i j‡¶¨B wewfbœ †`k Rq
K‡i‡Q Ges †mBmv‡_ Bmjvgx kvmbeë¯’v‡K cwic~Y© fv‡e ev¯evqb— K‡i wewRZ AÂj¸‡jvi
`~b©xwZMÖ¯’, Nyu‡baiv I Ujvqgvb kvmbeë¯’v‡K m¤ú~b© fv‡e e`‡j w`‡q‡Q| G KvR Ki‡Z wM‡q
Zv‡ì cyi‡bv eë¯’v‡K mg~‡j DrcvwUZ Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q Ges m¤ú~b© bZzb GK eë¯’vi Øviv †m eë¯’v‡K
mvgwMÖK fv‡e cÖwZ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| G Kvi‡YB wewRZ bZzb bZzb AÂ‡ji RbMY‡K cÖ_gw`b
†_‡KB kvmb Kiv gymwjg‡ì Rb¨ wQj Lye mnR GKwU e¨vcvi| Avi, G Kvi‡Y wewRZ G AÂj¸‡jv‡Z
Bmjvgx kvmbeë¯’v m¤ú~b© I `„p fv‡e cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj| kvmb Ki‡Z wM‡q gymwjgiv KLbI †Kvb
AvBbcÖYqb msµvšZ RwUjZvi m¤§yLxb nqwb wKsev, Kzdi I
Bmjvgx kvmbeë¯’vi gvSvgvwS †Kvb ch©vqI AwZµg K‡iwb| Zv‡ì Avnevb wQj my®úó; Avi Gi wfwË
wQj Bmjvgx AvKx`vn&| Zv‡ì kvmbeë¯’v, AvBb-Kvbyb I mg¯— wewaweavb G AvKx`vn& †_‡KB
DrmwiZ n‡qwQj| e¯‘Zt gymwjg‡ì cÖYxZ AvBb-Kvbyb wQj kixqvn& AvBb, hv †h †Kvb gvbe‡Mvôxi
Rb¨, †h †Kvb ¯’v‡b Ges †h †Kvb mg‡q cÖ‡hvR¨|
wewfbœ Rb‡Mvôx‡K GKwU GKK RvwZ‡Z cwiYZ Kivt
mg¯— Avie DcØx‡ci Rb‡Mvôx Øxb Bmjv‡g cÖ‡ek Kivi ci Ges Avie f~LÛ †_‡K g~wZ©c~Rv wbwðý nevi ci
Avjvni ivmyj(mvt) BwšKvj— K‡ib| G mgq mg¯— Avie DcØxc wQj Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Ašf~³©— Ges m¤ú~b© fv‡e
Bmjv‡gi AvKx`vn& I kvmbeë¯’v †_‡K D™¢yZ AvBb-Kvbyb w`‡q kvwmZ| AvjvnZvqvjv Zvui Øxb‡K
cwic~Y© Kiv, gymwjg‡ì Dci Zvui wbqvgZ‡K m¤ú~b© Kiv Ges Øxb Bmjvg‡K Zuvi
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cQ›`bxq Rxebeë¯’v wnmv‡e g‡bvbxZ Kivi ciB ivmyj(mvt) BwšKvj— K‡ib| Gi g‡a¨ cÖwZ‡ekx AÂj¸‡jvi ivRv I
kvmKe„‡›ì Kv‡Q `~Z cvwV‡q G AÂ‡ji RbmvaviY‡K Bmjv‡gi w`‡K Avnevb Kiv Ges gyÕZvn I Zvey‡Ki
cÖvš‡i— ˆmb¨`j cvwV‡q †ivgvb mvgªvR¨ AvµgY KivI Ašf~³©— wQj|
Gici Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi hy‡MI G weRq AwfhvÎv Pj‡Z _v‡K| Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi mgq me©cÖ_g BivK Rq Kiv
nq Ges G mgq G AÂ‡ji Awaevmxiv wQj cvim¨ I Avie RvwZi wgkªY; hviv wLªóvb, gvh`vwKqv Ges Ri“wóªqvb
a‡g© wek¦vm Ki‡Zv| Gici, Rq Kiv nq cvim¨ nq Ges Zvici Avj-kvg AÂj| cvim¨ AÂ‡j Ri“wóªqvb, Bû`x I wLªó
a‡g© wek¦vmx †jv‡Kiv emevm Ki‡Zv Ges cviwmKiv G AÂj kvmb Ki‡Zv| Aciw`‡K, Avj-kvg wQj †ivgvb‡ì
Dcwb‡ek †hLv‡b †ivgvb ms¯‹wZ… I wLªó a‡g©i cÖvej¨ wQj| G AÂ‡j cÖavbZ wmixq, Av‡g©bxq, Bû`x, Avie
Ges ¯^í msL¨K †ivgvb emevm Ki‡Zv| Gici, gymwjgiv wgki Rq K‡i Ges G AÂ‡jI KÞ, Bû`x Ges †ivgvb RvwZi
†jv‡Kiv wgwkªZ fv‡e emevm Ki‡Zv| Gic‡ii cvjvq wewRZ nq DËi Avwd«Kv, †hLv‡b Avwd«Kvi eve©vi RvwZ
†ivgvb‡ì kvmb-KZ©‡Z¡i… bx‡P emevm Ki‡Zv| Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi hy‡Mi c‡i DgvBqv‡ì kvmbvg‡j wmÜ,
LvIqvwiRg Ges mgiKv›` Rq K‡i Bmjvgx iv‡óªi mv‡_ hy³ Kiv nq| G mg‡qB Avj-Av›`vjym Rq Kiv nq Ges G‡K
Bmjvgx iv‡óªi GKwU cÖ‡`‡k cwiYZ Kiv nq|
G mg¯— wewRZ AÂ‡ji gvby‡liv wQj wewfbœ RvwZ‡Mvôxi; Zv‡ì wQj wewfbœ ai‡bi ag©wek¦vm, fvlv,
ms¯‹wZ,… ixwZbxwZ, cÖ_v I AvBbKvbyb| ¯^vfvweK fv‡eB Zviv gvbwmK I AvPibMZ w`K †_‡K G‡K Ab¨
†_‡K wQj cy‡ivcywi wfbœ| myZivs, G wewfbœ RvwZ‡Mvôx I ag©wek¦v‡mi gvbyl‡K GKwU wbw`©ó
Rxebeë¯’v, fvlv, ms¯‹wZ… I AvBbKvbyb w`‡q kvmb K‡i Zv‡ì GKwU GKK RvwZ‡Z cwiYZ Kiv wQj
mwZ¨Kv‡ii GKwU e¨vcK I `yiƒn KvR Ges G Kv‡R mdjZv AR©b Kiv wQj Amvavib I eo gv‡ci mvdj¨| wKš‘,
Bmjvgx Rxebv`‡k©i gva¨‡g weivU G mvdj¨ AR©b Kiv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q Ges (c„w_exi BwZnv‡m) G mdjZv AR©b
K‡i‡Q ïay Bmjvgx ivóª| Bmjv‡gi cZvKvZ‡j Ges Bmjvgx kvmbeë¯’vi bx‡P Avmvi mv‡_ mv‡_B Zviv (wewRZ
Rb‡Mvôx) GK D¤§vn& ev RvwZ wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ n‡q‡Q; Avi Zv nj gymwjg D¤§vn&| e¯‘Zt Bmjvgx
AvKx`vn& Ges kvmbeë¯’vB wQj Amvavib G mvd‡jï gyjwfwË| wfbœ ai‡bi GB me Rb‡Mvôx‡K mdjZvi mv‡_
GKwU RvwZ‡Z cwiYZ Kivi †cQ‡b A‡bK ai‡bi KviY i‡q‡Q| wKš‘, wbgœewY©Z KviY¸‡jv G¸‡jvi g‡a¨
mePvB‡Z ¸i“Z¡c~Y©:
1. Bmjv‡gi wk¶v|
2. Rxe‡bi mg¯— †¶‡Î Ges Kv‡RK‡g© gy³ AÂ‡ji Rbmvavi‡Yi mv‡_ gymwjg‡ì ¯^vfvweK fv‡e
†gjv‡gkv Kiv|
3. wewRZ AÂ‡ji Rb‡Mvôxi `ª“Z Bmjvg MÖnY|
4. Bmjvg MÖnYKvix‡ì RxebvPi‡Y Avgyj cwieZ©b Ges Gi gva¨‡g Amnbxq Rxeb †_‡K my¯’ I my›ì
Rxe‡b DËiY|
e¯‘Zt Bmjv‡gi wk¶v Øxb Bmjv‡gi w`‡K gvbyl‡K Avnevb Kivi evaëvaKZv Ac©Y K‡i Ges hLb †hLv‡b m¤¢e G
Av‡jvwKZ evYx‡K Qwo‡q w`‡Z DØy× K‡i| G Kvi‡YB wRnv‡ì gva¨‡g Ab¨vb¨ AÂj ev f~LÛ Rq Kivi cÖ‡qvRb
nq; †hb †m AÂ‡ji gvby‡liv Lye mn‡R Bmjv‡gi Av‡jvwKZ Av`k© Ges Gi b¨vqwfwËK AvBbKvby‡bi h_v_©Zv
Abyaveb Ki‡Z cv‡i| Bmjvg Avevi †h †Kvb e¨w³ ev RvwZ‡K Bmjvg MÖnY bv K‡i Zv‡ì wbR¯^ ag©wek¦vm‡K
AvuK‡o aivi ¯^vaxbZvI †`q| G‡¶‡Î, Zv‡K ïagvÎ Bmjv‡gi †jb‡`b I kvw¯— msµvš— wewaweavb‡K †g‡b Pj‡Z nq|
†k‡lv³ GB welqwU LyeB ¸i“Z¡c~Y©; KviY, GB welqwUB g~jZt gymwjg I Agymwjg Rbmvavi‡Yi Kg©Kv‡Ûi
gv‡S GKvZ¥Zv I eÜb ˆZix K‡i| Zviv GKB eë¯’v w`‡q kvwmZ nq Ges Rxe‡bi mgm¨v¸‡jv‡K GKB eë¯’v w`‡q
mgvavb K‡i, hv Zv‡ì‡K HKë× iv‡L| H‡Kï G wfwËB Agymwjg‡ì‡K gymwjg‡ì g‡ZvB mgv‡Ri Awe‡”Q`¨
Ask wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| Zviv ZLb GKB Rxebeë¯’vi Askx`vi n‡q Ges GKB iv‡óªi AwffvK‡Z¡i
bx‡P †_‡K GKB iKg gvbwmK myL I ¯^v”Q›`¨ Abyfe K‡i|
GQvov, Bmjv‡gi wk¶v kvwmZ Rb‡Mvôx‡K RvwZ, †MvÎ ev e‡Y©i wfwË‡Z we‡ePbv bv K‡i gvbyl wnmv‡e
we‡ePbv Ki‡Z †kLvq| G Kvi‡Y, Bmjv‡gi mvgvwRK I kvw¯— m¤úwK©Z AvBbKvbyb¸‡jv †Kvb iKg cv_©K¨
QvovB gymwjg-Agymwjg wbwe©‡k‡l mKj bvMwi‡Ki Dci Kvh©Kix Kiv nq|
AvjvnZvqvjv cweÎ †KviAv‡b e‡j‡Qb,

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Ò‡Kvb m¤cÖ`v‡qi kÎ“Zv ev N„bv †hb †Zvgv‡ì b¨vq cÖwZôv †_‡K weiZ bv iv‡L; †Zvgiv b¨vqwePvi Ki; Avi,
GUvB ZvKIqvi wbKUeZ©x Ges Avjvn‡K fq Ki| wbðqB, Avjvn †Zvgv‡ì Kg©KvÛ m¤ú‡K© Lye fvj K‡i Rv‡bb|Ó
[myiv gvwq`vnt 8]
Bmjvgx iv‡óª AvB‡bi †Pv‡L mKj gvbyl mgvb| iv‡óªi kvmK RbM‡Yi welqvw` †`Lvïbv Ki‡e Ges RbMY‡K kvmb
Ki‡e| Avi, iv‡óªi wb‡qvwRZ wePviK (KvRx) †KvbiKg c¶cvZ`yóZv Qvov RbM‡Yi gv‡S we`¨gvb weev`mg~n
wb®úwË Ki‡e| Gj‡¶¨, wePviK cÖwZwU bvMwiK‡K gvbyl wnmv‡e (gymwjg ev Agymwjg wnmv‡e bq) we‡ePbv
K‡i Zv‡ì mgm¨v mgvavb Ki‡e Ges SMov-weev‡ì dqmvjv Ki‡e| e¯‘Zt Bmjvgx kvmbeë¯’vB iv‡óªi wewfbœ
AÂ‡ji gv‡S mwZ¨Kv‡ii mgZv I HK¨ wbwðZ K‡i|
Bmjvg kvmK‡ì wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Q †hb ivóªxq †KvlvMv‡ii mnvqZvq iv‡óªi mg¯— DjvBqv‡Z (cÖ‡`k) emevmKvix
gvby‡li †gŠwjK Pvwn`vi wbwðZ Kiv nq| cÖ‡`‡ki msM„nxZ ivR¯^ hvB †nvK bv †Kb wKsev msM„nxZ †m ivR¯^
RbM‡Yi †gŠwjK Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨ h‡_ó †nvK ev bv †nvK| GQvov, Bmjvg iv‡óªi †K›`ªxq †KvlvMv‡ii Rb¨
wewfbœ DjvBqvZ †_‡K Ki Av`vq K‡i Zv GKwÎZ K‡i GKwU GKK A_©‰bwZK eë¯’v cÖPj‡bi wb‡`©k
w`‡q‡Q, †hb wewRZ AÂj¸‡jv DjvBqvZ wnmv‡e `„p fv‡e Bmjvgx iv‡óªi mv‡_ mshy³ nq Ges Zv‡ì‡K GKwU
GKK I HKë× iv‡óª cwiYZ Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| e¯‘Zt Bmjvgx kvmbeë¯’v GiKg GKwU eë¯’v‡K mvd‡jï mv‡_
wbwðZ K‡iwQj Ges G‡¶‡Î mdjZv jvf K‡iwQj|
GQvov, wewRZ AÂj¸‡jvi emevmKvix gvby‡li mv‡_ gymwjg‡ì mnR I ¯^vfvweK fv‡e †gjv‡gkv, G AÂ‡ji
Rb‡Mvôxi Bmjvg MÖnb Kiv I gymwjg‡ì mv‡_ Zv‡ì GKxf~Z n‡q hvevi e¨vcv‡i e¨vcK f~wgKv †i‡LwQj| †Kvb
AÂj ev f~LÛ Rq Kivi ciciB mvavibZ gymwjgiv †mLv‡b emevm Ki‡Z Avi¤¢ KiZ Ges †m Rb‡Mvôxi gvbyl‡K
Bmjvg I Bmjv‡gi ms¯‹wZ… m¤ú©‡K wk¶v cÖ`vb KiZ| gymwjgiv Zv‡ì cÖwZ‡ekx wnmv‡e evm Ki‡Zv, mKj
Kg©Kv‡Û Zv‡ì Askx`vi nZ Ges GKB †`‡ki bvMwiK wnmv‡e GKB AvBbKvbyb w`‡q kvwmZ nZ| Bmjvgx iv‡óª
KLbB kvmK Avi kvwmZ wKsev weRqx Avi wewRZ wnmv‡e RbmvaviY wefvwRZ nqwb; wKsev, gymwjg I
Avwèvmxiv Avjv`v †Kvb Rb‡Mvôx wnmv‡e wew”Qbœ fv‡e emevm K‡iwb| Zviv mK‡jB wQj iv‡óªi bvMwiK
hviv cÖvZ¨wnK Kg©Kv‡Û G‡K Aci‡K memgq mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡Zv| gymwjg kvmK‡Mvôxi G ai‡bi AvPiY
wewRZ Rb‡Mvôxi Kv‡Q G‡Kev‡iB bZzb wQj| e¯‘Zt G kvmK‡Mvôx wb‡R‡ì‡K RbM‡Yi KvZv‡i †i‡L Zv‡ì‡K
b¨vq I mgZvi wfwË‡Z kvmb K‡iwQj Ges Gi wfwË‡ZB Zviv RbM‡Yi †mev I Zv‡ì welqvw` †`Lvïbv K‡iwQj|
d‡j, G AÂjmg~‡ni Rb‡Mvôx AevK we¯§‡q kvmK‡Mvôxi Ggb GK AvPi‡Yi mv¶x n‡qwQj, †h e¨vcv‡i Zv‡ì
†Kvb c~e© AwfÁZv wQj bv| Zviv DbœZ Pwi‡Îi kvmK‡ì KvQ †_‡K †c‡qwQj AZ¨š— PgrKvi AvPiY, hv
Zv‡ì‡K GB kvmKeM© I Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ AvKó… K‡iwQj| kvmK I mvavib gymwjgiv Avn‡j wKZv‡ei (Bû`x I
wLªóvb) bvix‡ì‡K we‡q Ki‡Zv, Zv‡ì RevB Kiv cïi gvsm I Lvevi †LZ| G mKj AvPiY g~jZt Zv‡ì‡K Bmjvg
MÖnY Ki‡Z DØy× K‡i‡Q; KviY, Zviv kvmK I kvmbeë¯’vi gva¨‡g Zv‡ì Dci Av‡ivwcZ Bmjvgx Rxebv`‡k©i
cÖfve I †mŠ›`h© ¯^P‡¶ Ae‡jvKb K‡i‡Q| djkÖ“wZ‡Z, Zviv ax‡i ax‡i gymwjg‡ì mv‡_ GKxf~Z n‡q GKwU GKK
D¤§vn& ev RvwZ‡Z cwiYZ n‡q‡Q|
GQvov, Avwèvmx Rb‡Mvôxi Bmjvg MÖnY Kiv †Kvb we‡kl mgq ev †`‡ki g‡a¨ mxgve× wQj bv| eis, cÖwZwU
†`‡ki gvbylB `‡j `‡j Bmjv‡g cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q| Avm‡j, wewRZ AÂj¸‡jv‡Z gymwjgiv msL¨vMwi‡ô cwiYZ bv nIqv
ch©š— gvbyl Bmjvg MÖnY K‡i‡Q| d‡j, cieZ©x‡Z Bmjvg Avi weRqx gymwjg‡ì g‡a¨ mxgve× _v‡Kwb| `‡j `‡j
Bmjv‡g cÖ‡ek K‡i wewRZ GBme Rb‡Mvôx ax‡i ax‡i gymwjg‡ì mv‡_ GKxf~Z n‡q‡Q Ges GK D¤§vn&Õ†Z
cwiYZ n‡q‡Q|
GQvov, Bmjvg bI gymwjg‡ì eyw×e„wËK fv‡e DbœZZi K‡i Zv‡ì‡K mvgwMÖK fv‡e cwieZ©b K‡iwQj| Gi d‡j,
Zv‡ì gv‡S Bmjvgx AvKx`vn& `„p fv‡e cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj, hv KvR K‡iwQj Zv‡ì Rxebv`‡k©i wfwË wnmv‡e|
Avi, G Rxebv`k© †_‡KB DrmwiZ n‡qwQj Zv‡ì Rxeb m¤ú‡K© wewfbœ iKg a¨vbaviYv| Bmjvg Zv‡ì‡K AÜ I
Kzms¯‹v”Qbœ wek¦vm †_‡K Zz‡j G‡b †hŠw³K wek¦v‡mi Dci cÖwZwôZ K‡iwQj| G cwieZ©b Zv‡ì‡K
g~wZ©c~Rv, AwMœc~Rv, wUªwbwU ZË¡ ev, wZb †Lv`vi Aw¯‡Z¡— wek¦vm, e¨w³c~Rv Ges G RvZxq wewfbœ
e¯‘i Dcvmbv, hv Zv‡ì Pig eyw×e„wËK AatcZ‡bi g~j KviY wQj, G¸‡jv †_‡K GK AvjvnÕi Dcvmbvi w`‡K avweZ
K‡iwQj| Avi, GK AvjvnÕi DcvmbvB Zv‡ì Aš—img~n‡K µgvMZ K‡iwQj Av‡jvwKZ| Bmjvg Zv‡ì g„Zz¨
cieZ©x Rxe‡bi Dci wek¦vm ¯’vcb Kwi‡qwQj Ges Zviv †KviAvb-mybœvnÕi eY©bvi wfwË‡ZB welqwU
Abyaveb K‡iwQj Ges wek¦vm K‡iwQj ciKv‡ji cyi¯‹vi I kvw¯i— DciI| g„Zz¨ cieZ©x Rxe‡bi Dci `„p wek¦vm
_vKvq Zviv eyS‡Z †c‡iwQj ¶Y¯’vqx G Rxe‡bi cÖKZ… D‡Ïk¨| d‡j, Zviv avweZ n‡qwQj Abš—-Amxg I
wPimy‡Li Rxe‡bi †Lvu‡R| GKBmv‡_, Zviv GZUzKz Ae‡njv bv K‡i `yÕevû D¤§y³ K‡i G Rxeb‡K hvcb K‡iwQj|
Zviv AvjvnZvqvjv wba©vwiZ mwVK cš’v I wb‡`©kbv w`‡q Rxeb hvc‡bi cÖwZwU miÄvg‡K eënvi K‡iwQj I
Dc‡fvM K‡iwQj Rxe‡bi Avb›` I cÖvPzh©¨‡K|
79
Bmjvg Avmvi c~‡e©, G mg¯— Rb‡Mvôxi gvby‡li Kg©Kv‡Ûi g~jwfwË wQj e¨w³MZ ¯^v_©; A_©vr,
e¨w³¯^v_©B wQj Zv‡ì mKj Kg©Kv‡Ûi g~j wbqvgK| wKš‘, Bmjvg MÖn‡bi ci Zv‡ì Kv‡Ri wfwË cwiewZ©Z
n‡q nvjvj-nviv‡g cwiYZ nq| g~jZt AvjvnZvqvjv hv wKQy Av‡`k K‡i‡Qb Ges wb‡la K‡i‡Qb ‡m mewKQyi Dci
M‡o DVv wfwËB Zv‡ì mg¯— Kv‡Ri g~j PvwjKvkw³‡Z cwiYZ nq| Zv‡ì mg¯— Kv‡Ri cÖKZ… D‡Ïk¨ n‡q hvq
AvjvnÕi mš‘wó| Avi, Kv‡Ri g~j¨ wba©vwiZ nq Kv‡Ri †cQ‡b wbwnZ D‡Ïk¨ †_‡K| †hgbt hw`, KvRwU nq bvgvR
wKsev wRnv`, Zvn‡j GwU nq Ava¨vwZ¥K KvR; hw` nq µq ev weµq msµvš,— Zvn‡j GwU nq e¯‘MZ KvR;
mngwg©Zv ev wek¦¯— Zv nq ˆbwZK KvR; wec‡` KvD‡K mvnvh¨ Kivi welqwU nq gvbweK KvR BZ¨vw`| gvbyl
Kv‡Ri †cQ‡bi D‡Ïk¨ Ges Kv‡Ri g~‡jï e¨vcv‡i cv_©K¨ Ki‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i| d‡j, Rxeb m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì c~‡e©i mKj
aviYv cwiewZ©Z n‡q hvq| Bmjvg wba©vwiZ Kv‡Ri wfwË‡ZB Rxeb‡K cwigvc Kiv nq Ges Rxe‡bi cÖKZ…
A_© wba©vwiZ nq|
Bmjvg gvbyl‡K my‡Li cÖKZ… msÁv †kLvq| Bmjvg c~e© mg‡q, myL gvby‡li ˆRweK I cÖe„wËMZ Pvwn`v
c~i‡Yi g‡a¨ wbwnZ wQj| cieZ©x‡Z Zv cwiewZ©Z n‡q AvjvnÕi mš‘wó AR©b Kiv‡Z cwiYZ nq| Avm‡j, Gi
g‡a¨B cÖKZ… myL wbwnZ| KviY, my‡Li cÖKZ… A_© n‡jv, gvbevZ¥vi wPi¯’vqx kvwš|— Avi, ïaygvÎ e¯yMZ
— DcKi‡Yi gva¨‡g ‰RweK I cÖe„wËMZ Pvwn`v c~iY K‡i wPi¯’vqx G kvwš— jvf Kiv KLbI m¤¢e bq| e¯‘Zt G
iKg my‡Li bvMvj GKgvÎ wek¦eª²v‡Ûi mªóvi mš‘wó AR©‡bi gva¨‡gB cvIqv m¤¢e|
Gfv‡eB Bmjv‡gi QvqvZ‡j Avkªq †bqv gvby‡li Rxeb m¤ú‡K© `„wóf½x‡K Bmjvg cÖfvweZ K‡i‡Q| Rxeb
m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì `„wóf½x Ges Zv‡ì Rxe‡bi mKj Kg©KvÛ‡K Avg~j cwieZ©b K‡i‡Q| cwieZ©b K‡i‡Q Zv‡ì
Kv‡Ri ¸i“‡Z¡i µgaviv‡K (order of priorities); some went up in value, others came down. ¸i“Z¡ wba©vi‡bi †¶‡Î
gvbeRvwZ memgqB Zvi wb‡Ri Rxeb‡K mePvB‡Z
Dc‡ii Ae¯’v‡b †i‡L‡Q Ges Rxebv`k© G‡m‡Q Zvi c‡ii Ae¯’v‡b| wKš‘, Bmjvg cy‡iv e¨vcviwU‡K G‡Kev‡i
Dwë‡q w`‡q‡Q; Bmjvg Rxebv`k©‡K †i‡L‡Q mePvB‡Z ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ae¯’v‡b, GgbwK gvby‡li wb‡Ri Rxe‡bi
PvB‡ZI Av`k©‡K Dc‡ii ¯’vb †`qv n‡q‡Q| G welqwU †evSvi ci, Bmjv‡gi cÖ‡qvR‡b gymwjgiv AKvZ‡i wb‡Ri
Rxeb‡K wewj‡q w`‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i Ges Bmjvgx Rxebv`k© †h wbR Rxe‡bi PvB‡Z eû¸‡Y g~jëvb Zviv G mZ¨‡KI
mwVK fv‡e Abyaveb Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡i| GKBmv‡_, Zviv GUvI eyS‡Z cv‡i †h, Bmjv‡gi Rb¨ KwVb msMÖvg I
AvZ¥Z¨vM Kiv gymwjg‡ì Rxe‡bi GK Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask| Gfv‡eB, Rxe‡bi wewfbœ welq¸‡jv mwVK µgaviv
Abyhvqx RvqMv K‡i †bq| Rxeb nq m¤§vwbZ I gwngvwš^Z| gymwjgiv AR©b K‡i AvZ¥vi wPi¯’vqx myL I kvwš;
— KviY, Zviv eyS‡Z cv‡i †h, AvjvnZvqvjvi mš‘wó AR©b KivB ¶b¯’vqx G Rxe‡bi cÖKZ… D‡Ïk¨|
Gfv‡e, bI gymwjg‡ì Rxe‡bi m‡e©vËg Av`k© (ideals) m¤ú‡K© a¨vb-aviYvI cwiewZ©Z n‡q hvq| AZx‡Z G mg¯
— gvby‡li m‡e©vËg
Av`‡k©i e¨vcv‡i wfbœ ai‡Yi Ges cÖwZwbqZ cwieZ©bkxj a¨vb-aviYv wQj| wKš‘, Bmjvg MÖnY Kivi ci Zviv
Rxe‡bi GK I GKgvÎ Ges Pzovš— GK Av`‡k©i mÜvb †cj| Gi d‡j, Rxe‡bi †h mg¯— welq¸‡jv Zv‡ì Kv‡Q Lye
A_©en I ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wQj, ‡m mewKQyi gvcKvwVB G‡Kev‡i e`‡j †Mj; e`‡j †Mj g~j¨‡eva I ˆbwZKZvi A_©|
c~‡e© Zv‡ì Kv‡Q g~j¨‡ev‡ai A © wQj e¨w³i mvnwmKZv, gvwR©Z AvPiY I kª×v‡eva Ges †MvÎxq mg_©b,
weË‰ef‡ei AnsKvi, D”P eskgh©v`v, generosity to the point of extravagance, †MvÎ ev m¤cÖ`v‡qi cÖwZ
AvbyMZ¨/wek¦¯ZZv, `qvgvqvnxb cÖwZ‡kva¯ú„nv Ges GB ai‡Yi Ab¨vb¨ ¸bvejxi Dci wfwË
K‡i wbY©q Kiv nZ| wKš‘, Bmjvg Zv‡ì cyi‡bv G me a¨vb-aviYv‡K cwieZ©b K‡i w`j| e¯‘Zt Bmjvg G
mewKQy‡K LyeB bMb¨ wel‡q cwiYZ Ki‡jv| G mg¯— wel‡q Bmjv‡gi e³e¨ wQj †h, gvbyl ïaygvÎ AvjvnÕi
wb‡`©k Abymv‡i G me welq MÖnY wKsev eR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i; Zvi e¨w³MZ jvf ev †jvKmv‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i bq|
wKsev, D”P gh©v`v jvf ev AnsKv‡ii ekeZ©x n‡q bq| GRbÏ bq †h, G¸‡jv eskci¤úivq P‡j Avmv
img-†iIqvR/ixwZbxwZ, cÖ_v wKsev HwZn¨, hv‡K msi¶Y Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| eis, Bmjvg G mKj wel‡qi †¶‡Î ïay
AvjvnÕi wb‡`©‡ki c~Y© AvbyMZ¨ Kiv‡K êaZv w`‡q‡Q| e¨w³MZ, †MvÎxq, mvgwóK Ges RvZxq ¯^v‡_©i †¶‡Î
ïay Bmjv‡gi ûKzg-AvnKv‡gi Kv‡Q cwic~Y© AvZ¥mgc©‡bi wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Q|
Gfv‡eB, hviv Bmjvg MÖnY K‡i‡Q Zv‡ì gbgvbwlKZv I AvPiY‡K Bmjvg cy‡ivcywi iƒcvšwiZ— K‡i‡Q; e`‡j
w`‡q‡Q Zv‡ì e¨w³Z¡ Ges Rxeb, gvbyl I gnvwek¦ m¤ú‡K© `„wóf½x| Rxe‡bi mKj KvR ‡Kvb wfwËi Dci m¤úvw`Z
n‡e †m wel‡q a¨vb-aviYv‡KI cy‡ivcywi cwiewZ©Z K‡i‡Q| Bmjvg gvbyl‡K eyS‡Z wkwL‡q‡Q †h, GB ¶b¯’vqx
Rxe‡bi GKwU we‡kl Zvrch© i‡q‡Q| Avi Zv nj, wb‡R‡K cÖwZwbqZ µwUwePz¨wZ ‡_‡K gy³ K‡i gnr ¸bvejxi
w`‡K avweZ Kiv| GQvov, gymwjgiv AvjvnZvqvjvi mš‘wó AR©b‡KB m‡e©vËg Av`k© wnmv‡e ü`‡q aviY
K‡iwQj Ges me©kw³ w`‡q G j¶¨ AR©b KiviI †Póv K‡iwQj| hv Zv‡ì‡K c~e©ve¯’v †_‡K Avg~j cwieZ©b K‡i
cwiYZ K‡iwQj bZzb GK m„wó‡Z|
GB PviwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welqB g~jZt Bmjvg MÖnYKvix‡ì Zv‡ì Bmjvgc~e© Ae¯’v †_‡K wew”Qbœ Ki‡Z
mvnvh¨ K‡iwQj| Bmjvg Rxeb m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì wewfbœ a¨vbaviYv I j¶¨‡K HKë× K‡i GKwU gvÎ aviYv I j‡¶¨
cwiYZ K‡iwQj| HKë× GB aviYvi wfwË‡ZB

80
Zviv Rxe‡bi mKj welqvw` cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zv| Bmjvg Zv‡ì wewfbœ ai‡Yi ¯^v_©‡K cwieZ©b K‡i GKwU gvÎ
¯^v‡_©i bx‡P Zv‡ì GKwÎZ K‡iwQj; Avi, Zv wQj ïay Bmjv‡gi ¯^v_©| Zv‡ì Rxe‡bi wewfbœ j¶¨ cwiewZ©Z n‡q
GKwU j‡¶¨ cwiYZ n‡qwQj; Avi, Zv nj AvjvnÕi evYx‡K mgMÖ we‡k¦ Qwo‡q †`qv| cwiYwZ‡Z, ¯^vfvweK
fv‡eB wewfbœ Rb‡Mvôxi gvbyl GKwU GKK RvwZ ev D¤§vnÕ†Z cwiYZ n‡qwQj; Avi, Zv nj BmjvwgK
D¤§vn&|
Bmjvgx iv‡óªi `~e©jZvi KviY:
Bmjvgx ivóª Bmjvgx Rxebv`‡k©i Dci wfwË K‡i cÖwZwôZ Ges GB Rxebv`k© †_‡KB †m Zvi wU‡K _vKvi kw³
AvniY K‡i| GB Rxebv`k©B Zvi Aw¯Z¡,— mg„w× I cÖMwZi g~j wbqvgK| kw³kvjx Bmjvgx Rxebv`‡k©i
Kvi‡YB G ivóª Aw¯‡Z¡— G‡mwQj Ges wb‡R‡K `vc‡Ui mv‡_ we‡k¦i ìev‡i Dc¯’vcb K‡iwQj| G ivóª GKkÕ
eQ‡iiI Kg mg‡q e¨vcK I we¯Z…— AÂj‡K Bmjv‡gi cZvKvZ‡j wb‡q G‡mwQj, hwÌ ZLb hvZvqv‡Zi evnb wQj
ïaygvÎ †Nvov I DU Ges wewRZ Rb‡Mvôx I RvwZi †jv‡Kiv Lye ¯^í mg‡qi g‡a¨ Bmjvg MÖnY K‡iwQj, hwÌ
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨g gy‡Li K_v I Kj‡gi g‡a¨B mxgve× wQj| e¯‘Zt iv‡ó&ªi †cQ‡bi g~j PvwjKv kw³ wnmv‡e
BmjvgB G mg¯— Am¤¢e‡K m¤¢e K‡iwQj|
Bmjv‡gi kÎ“iv GUv Lye fv‡jv K‡iB eyS‡Z †c‡iwQj †h, Bmjvgx ivóª‡K `~e©j Kiv ZZw`b ch©š— m¤¢e n‡e bv,
hZw`b ch©š— Bmjvgx Rxebv`k© Mfxi fv‡e gymwjg‡ì ü`q I Aš‡i— †cÖvw_Z _vK‡e; hZw`b ch©š— gymwjg‡ì
†fZi Bmjv‡gi mwVK Dcjwä _vK‡e Ges †mBmv‡_, hZw`b ch©š— Zviv Bmjvg‡K mwVK I mvgwMÖK fv‡e
ev¯evqb— Ki‡e| ZvB, Kzdikw³ AvcÖvY †Póv Pvjv‡Z _v‡K †h, wKfv‡e gymwjg‡ì Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© mwVK
aviYv I Gi AvBbKvby‡bi cÖ‡qvM‡K `~e©j K‡i †djv hvq|
Bmjvg m¤úwK©Z mwVK a¨vbaviYv‡K `~e©j K‡i †djvi Rb¨ Kvwdiiv †h mg¯— Dcvq Aej¤^b K‡iwQj, Zv wQj
AMwYZ| Gig‡a¨, wKQy wQj wjwLZ `wjj msµvš— Avi wKQy wQj fvlv msµvš,— hv wKbv wk¶v`vb Ges
cÖPv‡ii †¶‡Î eënvi Kiv nZ; wKQy wQj ev¯e— Rxe‡bi mv‡_ Bmjv‡gi m¤ú‡K©i †¶‡Î| Zviv Ggb me ev‡bvqvU
nvw`m ˆZix Ki‡Zv, †h nvw`m ivmyj(mv.) KLbI eY©bv K‡ibwb| Rvj nvw`m ˆZix K‡i Zviv G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Bmjvg
ewn©f~Z wPšv— I a¨vbaviYv‡K XywK‡q w`Z GB Avkvq †h, gymwjgiv nq‡Zv G¸‡jv‡K MÖnY Ki‡e Ges Gi
gva¨‡g Zviv c_åó n‡q Bmjvg †_‡K `~‡i m‡i hv‡e| †kl ch©š— Zviv G mg¯— wg_¨v iPbv‡K gymwjg‡ì †fZ‡i
Qwo‡q w`‡ZI mg_© n‡qwQj| wKš‘, Awek¦vmx Rvbvw`Kvn‡ì G KzwUj Pµvš— cÖKvwkZ n‡q hvIqvq,
gymwjgiv Lye `ª“Z G e¨vcv‡i mZK©Zv Aej¤^b K‡i| cieZ©x‡Z, gymwjgiv GB me KzPµx‡ì wQbœwew”Qbœ K‡i
Zv‡ì mKj lohš¿‡K bm¨vr K‡i †`q| cwÛZ I nvw`m we‡klÁiv GK‡hv‡M Zv‡ì GB Pµv‡ši— wei“‡× `vuwo‡q hvq
Ges ivmyj(mv.) ewY©Z nvw`m mg~n‡K msMÖn I wjwce× Ki‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i| wjwce× Kivi mgq Zviv nvw`m
eY©bvKvixi †hvM¨Zv Ges †Kvb mg‡q †m nvw`m eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q BZ¨vwì wfwË‡Z nvw`m mg~n‡K
wewfbœ fv‡M fvM K‡i| g~jZt nvw`m mg~n‡K mnxn(ï×) Ges Rqxd(`~e©j) GB `ywU fv‡M fvM K‡i msi¶Y Kiv
nq| mvnvev‡ì ci wZb cÖR¤§ ch©š— eY©bvKvix‡ì MÖnY Kiv nq| Gic‡ii †h †Kvb cÖR‡¤§i eY©bv‡K evwZj
e‡j MY¨ Kiv nq| cÖwZwU nvw`m eY©bvKvix‡K e¨w³MZ fv‡e kbv³ Kiv nq Ges G Abymv‡iB nvw`‡mi eB¸‡jv‡K
fvM Kiv nq, †h ch©š— bv gymwjgiv cÖwZwU nvw`‡mi wjwLZ iƒc Ges wewfbœ cÖR‡¤§i eY©bvKvix‡ì
mZ¨Zvi e¨vcv‡i wbwðZ n‡q hvq| Bmjvgx ivóª K‡Vvi fv‡e Rvbvw`Kvn‡ì‡K `gb K‡i| e¯‘Zt G‡ì g‡a¨ †ekxi fvM
KzPµx‡ì‡K ivmyj(mv.) Gi bv‡g wg_¨v I Rvj nvw`m iPbv Kivi Rb¨ nZ¨v Kiv nq Ges mvwe©K fv‡e, GB
lohš¿ Bmjvg I Bmjvgx iv‡óªi †Kvb ai‡bi ¶wZ Ki‡Z e¨ © nq|
Gici Bmjv‡gi kÎ“iv Aviex fvlvi Dci AvµgY Pvjvq| KviY, GB fvlv‡ZB Bmjvg Ges Gi ûKzg AvnKvg‡K cÖPvi Kiv
nZ| ZvB, Zviv Bmjv‡gi mv‡_ Aviex fvlvi m¤úK©‡K wQbœ Ki‡Z e¨vcK ZrciZv Pvjvq| wKš‘, cÖ_gw`‡K Zviv
mdjZv AR©b Ki‡Z e¨_© nq| KviY, cÖ_gw`‡K gymwjgiv †h †`kB Rq K‡i‡Q †mLv‡bB Zviv †KviAvb, mybœvn I
Aviex fvlv‡K m‡½ wb‡q wM‡q‡Q Ges RbMY‡K Zviv G wZbwU wRwbmB wk¶v w`‡q‡Q| wewRZ Rb‡Mvôxi
gvby‡liv Bmjvg MÖnY K‡i‡Q Ges Aviex fvlvq mvejxj fv‡e K_v e‡j‡Q| wKQy wKQy Abvie G e¨vcv‡i G‡Zv
cvi`k©xZv AR©b K‡i‡Q †h, Zviv Bmjv‡gi cÖL¨vZ gyRZvwnÌ n‡q‡Q| †hgb, Bgvg Avey nvwbdv| †KD †KD ev
n‡q‡Q AZ¨š—— DPzu gv‡ci Kwe, †hgb, evkvi Beb eyi`| Avevi, †KD ev n‡q‡Q cÖL¨vZ †jLK, †hgb, Beb Avj-
gyKvddvÕ| Gfv‡eB, gymwjgiv cÖ_gw`‡K Aviex fvlv‡K AZ¨š— ¸i“‡Z¡i mv‡_ MÖnY K‡i‡Q| Bgvg kv‡dqxÕ
†KviAv‡bi †Kvb ai‡bi Abyev` ev Ab¨ †Kvb fvlvq bvgvR Av`vq Kiv‡K AMÖnY‡hvM¨ e‡j‡Qb| Avevi, hviv
†KviAvb Abyev‡ì AbygwZ w`‡q‡Qb, †hgb, Bgvg Avey nvwbdv, Zviv Abyev`‡K †KviAvb wnmv‡e ¯^xKwZ…
w`‡ZI A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb| myZivs, †`Lv hv‡”Q Aviex fvlv memgq gymwjg‡ì g‡bv‡hvM I ¸i“‡Z¡i †K›`ªwe›`y
wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ n‡q‡Q| e¯‘Zt G fvlv n‡”Q Bmjv‡gi †gŠwjK Ask Ges BRwZnv‡ì Rb¨ GK Acwinvh© welq|
Aviex fvlv e¨ZxZ Drm †_‡K Bmjvg‡K †evSv Am¤¢e Ges G fvlv e¨ZxZ kixqvn& †_‡K wbfy©j fv‡e ûKzg-
AvnKvg †ei KivI m¤¢e bq| wKš‘,
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wnRix lô kZvãxi †kl w`‡K, Aviex fvlvi ¸i“Z¡ ax‡i ax‡i n&ªvm †c‡Z _v‡K| KviY, G mgq Ggb me kvm‡Kiv ¶gZvq
Av‡m hviv Aviex fvlvi cÖKZ… ¸i“Z¡ I Zvrch© eyS‡Z e¨_© nq Ges G welqwU‡K Zviv µgvMZ Ae‡njv Ki‡Z
_v‡K| djkÖ“wZ‡Z, iv‡óªi bvMwiK‡ì Aviex fvlvi Dci `Lj K‡g hvq Ges BRwZnv‡ì cÖwµqv ¯’wei n‡q hvq|
GLv‡b g‡b ivLv ìKvi †h, †h †Kvb wel‡q kixqvn& ûKzg Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z n‡j, hZ¸‡jv Dcv`vb Acwinvh© Zvi g‡a¨
Aviex fvlv GKwU| e¯‘Zt BwZnv‡mi GB ch©v‡q, Aviex fvlv Bmjvg †_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡q hvq| d‡j, iv‡óªi
kixqvn& m¤úwK©Z a¨vbaviYvI A¯úó n‡q hvq Ges †mBmv‡_, A¯úó n‡q hvq kixqvn& AvBbKvbyb ev¯—evq‡bi
cÖwµqv| Bmjvgx ivóª‡K `~e©j I i“Mœ K‡i †dj‡Z G welqwU e¨vcK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| ax‡i ax‡i iv‡óªi c‡¶ bZzb
bZzb mgm¨v mg~n‡K †evSv Ges †m mgm¨v¸‡jvi gyKvwejv Kiv KwVb n‡Z _v‡K| GKmgq ivóª D™yZ¢ mgm¨v
mgvav‡b e¨_© nq wKsev, mgvav‡bi j‡¶¨ åvš— c×wZi Avk&ªq †bq| Gfv‡e, mg‡qi mv‡_ mv‡_ iv‡óªi mgm¨v
Nbxf~Z n‡Z _v‡K Ges Bmjvgx ivóª GKmgq Ašnxb— mgm¨vi mvM‡i nveyWyey †L‡Z _v‡K|
G¸‡jv nj Bmjv‡gi wjwLZ `wjj I fvlv msµvš— mgm¨v| GQvov, ‰`bw›`b Rxe‡b Bmjvg cÖ‡qv‡Mi †¶‡ÎI gymwjgiv
wec`RbK GK c_ †e‡Q †bq| ïi“ nq fviZxq eªv²Yëv`x `k©‡bi mv‡_ Bmjvg‡K wgwj‡q †djvi GK fq¼i cÖwµqv|
eªv²Yëv`x `k©‡bi cÖfv‡e ciKv‡ji mvdj¨‡K gymwjgiv êivMëv` Ges AvZ¥eÂbvi gva¨‡g mÜvb Ki‡Z _v‡K| d‡j,
eû msL¨K gvbyl Dc‡fvM¨ I Kg©PÂj G Rxeb †_‡K gyL wdwi‡q †bq| †e‡Q †bq Kg©nxb ¯’wei GK êivM¨Rxeb|
Zviv A¯^xKvi K‡i mgvR I iv‡óª Zv‡ì KiYxq f~wgKv‡K| G mewKQy Bmjvgx ivóª I gymwjg D¤§vn&Õi e¨vcK
¶wZ mvab K‡i| ‰eivMëv` I AvZ¥eÂbvi cwie‡Z© hviv wKbv Bmjv‡gi Av‡jvwKZ Avnevb‡K wek¦e¨vcx Qwo‡q
‡èvi Kv‡R wb‡R‡K DrmM© Ki‡Z cviZ, Bmjvgx ivóª I gymwjg D¤§vn& †gavex I m¤¢vebvgq †m me Zi“Y
†_‡K ewÂZ nq|
Gici ïi“ nq cwðgv we‡k¦i mvs¯‹wZK… AvMÖvmb| cwðgvwek¦ Bmjvg ewn©f~Z GK ms¯‹wZ… enb K‡i wb‡q
Av‡m Ges G ms¯‹wZ‡K… gymwjg‡ì ms¯‹wZ… e‡j `vex K‡i Zv‡ì cÖZvwiZ K‡i| ‡mBmv‡_, `vex K‡i †h, †h
eë¯’v Zviv enb K‡i wb‡q G‡m‡Q Zvi AvBbKvbyb Bmjv‡gi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K bq| cÖKZ… A‡_©, cwðgviv
Bmjvgx iv‡óª †h me AvBbKvbyb e‡q wb‡q Av‡m, kixqvn&Õi Dci Zvi cÖfve nq aesmvZ¥K| G welqwU gymwjg
D¤§vn&Õi e¨vcK ¶wZ mvab K‡i| d‡j, gymwjgiv cwðgv‡ì Øviv e¨vcK fv‡e cÖfvweZ n‡q Zv‡ì mvs¯‹wZK…
AvMÖvm‡bi Amnvq wkKv‡i cwiYZ nq| cwðgv‡ì g‡Zv gymwjgivI Rxeb‡K ¯^v_©nvwm‡ji wfwË‡Z †`L‡Z
_v‡K| Dmgvbx wLjvd‡Zi mgq cwðgv‡ì wKQy wKQy AvBbKvbyb MÖnY Kiv nq, A_©bxwZ‡Z e¨vsK eë¯’v
cÖwZwôZ nq, my`‡K nvjvj Kiv nq Ges kvw¯— g~jK AvBb¸‡jv iwnZ K‡i, cwðgv kvw¯g~jK— AvB‡bi gva¨‡g
Zv cÖwZ¯’vcb Kiv nq| hwÌ wewfbœ d‡Zvqv Rvix K‡iB G mg¯— fq¼i Kg©KvÛ‡K MÖnY‡hvM¨ Kiv nq, wKš‘,
G mg¯— wKQy iv‡óªi Rb¨ fqven cwiYwZ enb K‡i wb‡q Av‡m| hv cieZ©x‡Z Bmjvgx ivóª‡K kixqvn&
AvBbKvbyb †_‡K wePz¨Z K‡i| GB c_åóZv ev wePz¨wZ gymwjg‡ì Aš‡i— cÖ¾¡wjZ kw³kvjx Cgv‡bi Av‡jv‡K
wbwf‡q †`q Ges ivóª‡K mwVK c_ †_‡K eû`~‡i wb‡¶c K‡i| GUvB ax‡i ax‡i iv‡óªi `~e©jZv I LÛweLÛ n‡q hvevi
Kvi‡Y cwiYZ nq|
G¸‡jv n‡”Q Bmjvg m¤úwK©Z mwVK Ávb I a¨vbaviYvi Afv‡e D™¢yZ mgm¨v| GQvov, Bmjvg ev¯evq‡bi—
†¶‡Î †ekwKQy welq kixqvn& AvBbKvbyb AccÖ‡qv‡Mi KviY n‡q `vuovq| G‡ì g‡a¨ GKwU nj ivR‰bwZK
`j¸‡jvi f~wgKv| cÖwZwU `j iv‡óªi Dci Zvi wbR¯^ gZvgZ Pvwc‡q w`‡Z Pvq| †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î, e¨ © n‡q Zviv
iv‡óªi kvmbKZ©Z¡… wQwb‡q †bevi j‡¶¨ nv‡Z A¯¿ Zz‡j †bq| cvim¨ I BivK `Lj K‡i †bqvi ci AveŸvmx Lwjdviv
GB KvRwUB K‡iwQj Ges Bmjvgx iv‡óªi cy‡iv KZ©Z¡… Zv‡ì nv‡Z bv Avmv ch©š— Zviv `LjKZ… G
AÂjmg~n‡K kvmbKZ©‡Z¡i… wfwË wnmv‡e eënvi K‡iwQj Ges †mBmv‡_, Zviv kvmbKvh© cwiPvjbv‡K ïay
eby nvwkg †Mv‡Îi g‡a¨ mxgve× K‡iwQj| Gici dvwZgx es‡ki DÌvb N‡U| Zviv wgki cÖ‡`k‡K(DjvBqv) wbqš¿‡b
wb‡q ‡mLv‡b Avjv`v GKwU ivóª cÖwZwôZ K‡i Ges cy‡iv Bmjvgx ivóª‡K dvwZgx es‡ki [gynv¤§`(mv.) Gi
Kb¨v dvwZgv(iv.) Gi eskai] wbqš¿‡b ‡bevi j‡¶¨ wgki‡K †K›`ª K‡i Zv‡ì Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i| Zv‡ì G mg¯—
Kg©KvÛ Bmjvgx ivóª‡K A‡bK †cQ‡b †V‡j †`q Ges wRnv` eÜ n‡q hvq| Avjv`v ivóª cÖwZôv e¯‘Zt ¶gZvi
Av‡iKwU †K›`ªwe›`y ˆZix K‡i, hv wKbv Bmjvgx iv‡óªi kvmbKZ©Z¡… wQwb‡q wb‡Z ¶gZv `L‡ji
cÖwZØwÜZvq wjß nq| hwÌ, Bmjvgx ivóª GKZvi wfwË‡Z cÖwZwôZ Ges gymwjg‡ì Dci GKB mg‡q G‡Ki
AwaK Lwjdv _vKv wbwl×| Avjvni ivmyj(mv.) e‡j‡Qb,Òhw` `yB Lwjdvi evBqvZ †bqv nq, Z‡e wØZxq Rb‡K
nZ¨v Ki|Ó
Dc‡ivwjwLZ GB cÖwZwU welqB Bmjvgx ivóª‡K `~e©j Ki‡Z e¨vcK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i Ges †mBmv‡_,
gymwjg‡ì weRqhvÎv iwnZ n‡q hvq| djkÖ“wZ‡Z, wek¦e¨vcx Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ en‡bi cÖwµqv cÖPÛ fv‡e Ae‡nwjZ
nq|
Avm‡j, wb‡R‡ì eskai‡ì nv‡Z kvmb`Û Zz‡j w`‡Z wM‡q Lwjdv wbe©vP‡b DgvBqviv ‡h bZzb ixwZi cÖPjb
K‡iwQj, Zvi djkÖ“wZ‡ZB ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jv ¶gZvq Av‡ivn‡bi Rb¨ A¯¿ nv‡Z Zz‡j wb‡qwQj| G j‡¶¨,
Zviv(DgvBqv esk) cÖ_‡g wb‡R‡ì eskai‡ì ga¨ n‡ZB Lwjdv wbe©vwPZ Ki‡Zv Ges c‡i RbM‡Yi KvQ †_‡K
evBqvZ wbZ| hvi d‡j, evBqvZ †èvi e¨vcviwU wbZvš—
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AvbyôvwbKZvq cwiYZ nq Ges wbqgZvwš¿K c×wZ‡Z ¶gZvq Av‡ivn‡Yi cÖwµqv eÜ n‡q hvq| †hgbt
gyqvÕwqqv(iv.) Zvi cy‡Îi Kv‡Q G cÖwµqvq ¶gZv n¯vš—i— K‡ib Ges RbM‡Yi KvQ †_‡K c‡i Zvi c‡¶ evBqvZ
†bb| Subsequently, every Khaleefah
followed the same trend, taking an oath for their heirs and then asking the people to give them the bay’ah.
Gi d‡j, RbMY Lwjdvi g‡bvbxZ e¨w³‡KB evBqvZ w`‡Z eva¨ nq Ges Lye Kg‡¶‡ÎB Zviv Ab¨KvD‡K evBqvZ †èvi
my‡hvM cvq| Lwjdv wbe©vP‡bi G åvš— c×wZB ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jv‡K A¯¿ Zz‡j wb‡Z eva¨ K‡i| hwÌ, Avey
eKi(iv.) g„Zzï c~‡e© ¯^qs Lwjdv nominate K‡i wM‡qwQ‡jb, wKš‘, DgvBqv esk G c×wZi Aceënvi K‡i, hv
mgm¨vi Rb¥ †`q| e¯‘Zt Avey eKi(iv.) cÖ_‡g gymwjg‡ì mv‡_ Lwjdv wbe©vP‡bi e¨vcv‡i Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ‡jb|
Av‡jvPbvi ci G c‡ì Rb¨ Igi(iv.) I Avjx(iv.) `yRbB m¤¢ve¨ cÖv_©x wnmv‡e g‡bvbxZ nb| †klch©š,— Igi(iv.)
Pzovš— g‡bvbqb jvf K‡ib Ges Avey eKi(iv.) Gi BwšKv‡ji— ci RbM‡Yi evBqv‡Zi gva¨‡g wZwb gymwjg‡ì
Lwjdv wbe©vwPZ nb| G c×wZ Aek¨B kixqvn& ewn©f~Z †Kvb c×wZ bq| wKš‘, DgvBqv es‡ki Lwjdviv G c×wZi
Aceënvi K‡i Zv‡ì cyÎ, åvZv I AvZ¥xq¯^Rb‡K Lwjdv wnmv‡e g‡bvbxZ K‡i| GgbwK †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î Zviv
G‡Ki AwaK e¨w³‡K g‡bvbqb †`q| ûKzg kixqvn&Õi GB Aceënvi gymwjg‡ì‡K Zv‡ì cQ›` g‡Zv e¨w³‡K evBqvZ
w`‡Z evuavMÖ¯’ K‡i Ges cwiYwZ‡Z, Bmjvgx ivóª `~e©j n‡q hvq| cÖ_gw`‡K, Bmjvgx ivóª kw³kvjx _vKvq G
welq¸‡jv †Zgb GKUv cÖfve we¯vi— Ki‡Z mg © nqwb| wKš‘, cieZ©x‡Z ivóª hLb µgk `~e©j n‡Z _v‡K ZLb,
Bmjvgx ivóª UzK‡iv UzK‡iv n‡q hvevi j¶b¸‡jv ¯úó n‡q D‡V|
kixqvn&Õi AccÖ‡qvM cieZ©x‡Z ïay iv‡óªi g‡a¨B mxgve× _v‡K bv| eis, DjvBqvZ ¸‡jvI GKB e¨vwa‡Z Avµvš—
nq| Av›`vjy‡m ÕAve` Avj-ingvb Avj-`vwL‡ji Kg©Kv‡Ûi e¨vcv‡i AveŸvmx Lwjdv‡ì bxieZv GB e¨vwa‡K AviI
cÖKU K‡i †Zv‡j| MfY©i wnmv‡e Av›`vjym cÖ‡`k‡K hLb †m ¯^vaxb fv‡e kvmb Ki‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i, ZLbB
Bmjvgx iv‡óªi wekvj GK AÂj ivóª †_‡K wew”Qbœ nevi cÖwµqv ïi“ nq| Zvi cieZ©x Mf©YiivI GKB cÖwµqv
Ae¨vnZ iv‡L| GgbwK, G‡ì g‡a¨ †KD †KD wb‡R‡K Avwgi Dj gyÕwgbxb Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ K‡i| hwÌ, Av›`vjym
KLbB c~Y©v½ ¯^vaxbZv `vex K‡iwb; Zvic‡iI, G AÂj Avm‡j ¯^vaxb fv‡eB kvwmZ n‡q‡Q, hv ivóª‡K
KvVv‡gvMZ fv‡e ax‡i ax‡i `~e©j K‡i‡Q|
Bmjvgx ivóª Zvi cÖfve, cÖwZcwË I kw³mvg‡_©ï P~ovq Ae¯’vb Kiv m‡Ë¡I G mg¯— NUbvejx ax‡i ax‡i
Kvwdi‡ì‡K ivóª‡K AvNvZ nvbvi my‡hvM ‰Zix K‡i †`q| Av›`vjy‡mi kvmbeë¯’v iv‡óªi ‡K›`ªxq kvmb †_‡K
wew”Qbœ nevi Kvi‡Y, Av›`vjym cZ‡bi mgq Bmjvgx ivóª Gi cZb †VKv‡Z Lye Kg f~wgKvB cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i| G
NUbv N‡U iv‡óªi cwðg mxgv‡š|— Avevi Aciw`‡K, c~e© mxgvbvi MfY©i‡ì(DjvÕ) cÖv‡`wkK kvm‡bi †¶‡Î
e¨vcK-we¯Z…— ¶gZv †`qv nq, hv Zv‡ì‡K AvZ¥Mwe©Z/AvZ¥nsKvix K‡i †Zv‡j| Zviv Zv‡ì Aaxb¯’ DjvBqvZ
¸‡jv‡K Zv‡ì B”Qvbyhvqx kvmb Ki‡Z _v‡K Ges Lwjdv G Ae¯’v‡K †g‡b †bq| Lwjdv GB mg¯— ¯^vaxb
Mf©Yi‡ì wbKU n‡Z Lye mvgvb¨ wKQz cÖvwßi gva¨‡gB mš‘ó _v‡K| †hgbt MfY©i‡ì gmb` n‡Z cÖvß
cÖksmvevYx, cÖPwjZ gy`ªvq Lwjdvi bvg Aw¼Z Kiv, MfY©i‡ì KvQ †_‡K ivR¯^ (LvivR) cÖvwß Ges
MfY©i‡ì Lwjdvi c¶ n‡q †h †Kvb wm×vš— MÖnb Kiv BZ¨vw`| cÖKZ… A‡_©, G mg¯— DjvBqvZ¸‡jv ¶z`ª ¶z`ª
¯^vaxb ¯^Ë¡vq cwiYZ nq| †hgbwU N‡U, mvjRywK¡Bb, nvg`vbxBb Ges Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK DjvBqv‡Zi †¶‡Î| G mg¯—
KviY¸‡jvI Bmjvgx ivóª‡K `~e©j K‡i †dj‡Z Kvh©Kix f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
Gici Av‡m Dmgvbx kvmK‡ì cvjv Ges G ch©v‡q ¶gZv Zv‡ì nv‡Z n¯vš—wiZ— nq| ÕDmgvbx wLjvdZ Zv‡ì
kw³kvjx †bZ‡Z¡… gymwjg‡ì †ekxi fvM f~LÛ‡K cyYivq HKë× Ki‡Z mg © nq| Zviv mgMÖ BD‡ivc Ry‡o
wRnv` cwiPvjbv K‡i Ges Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ‡K cyYivq Qwo‡q w`‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i| wKš‘, Dmgvbx kvmK‡ì Aax‡b
gymwjg‡ì AvKw¯§K GB cyYi“Ìv‡bi/cyY©RvMi‡bi †cQ‡b wQj cÖ_gw`‡Ki ÕDmgvbx Lwjdv‡ì B¯úvZ KwVb
Cgvbx kw³ Ges Dmgvbx‡ì kw³kvjx mvgwiK evwnbx| GB RvMib e¯‘Zt Dmgvbx‡ì Bmjvgx a¨vbaviYvi mwVK
Dcjwä Ges Bmjv‡gi mvgwMÖK ev¯evq‡bi— wfwË‡Z nqwb| d‡j, Dmgvbx kvmK‡ì GB weRqhvÎv Zv AR©b
Ki‡Z cv‡iwb, hv cÖ_gw`‡Ki gymwjg‡ì weRqhvÎvi gva¨‡g AwR©Z n‡qwQj| kvmK‡ì GB kw³gËv µgkt `~e©j
n‡q hvIqv Bmjvgx iv‡óªi mgMÖ AÂj‡KI cwi‡ewóZ Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| d‡j, Bmjvgx ivóª µgk wb®cÖf n‡Z n‡Z
aŸs‡mi ØvicÖv‡š— †cuŠ‡Q hvq Ges GKch©v‡q G ivóªeë¯’v aŸsm n‡q hvq| e¯‘Zt Dc‡ivwjwLZ KviY¸‡jvi
mv‡_ mv‡_ iv‡óªi wei“‡× KZ… µgvMZ lohš¿ hLb Nbxf~Z nq, ZLbB G ivóª Zvi Kvh©KvixZv nvivq|
Avm‡j, Bmjvgx ivóª aŸsm n‡q hvevi KviY¸‡jv ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j G¸‡jv‡K cÖavbZ `yÕwU fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|
GKwU nj, Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© `~e©j Ges j¶¨Pz¨Z a¨vbaviYv| Avi, wØZxqwU nj, Gi wbwðZ cwiYwZ wnmv‡e
kixqvn& AvBbKvby‡bi AccÖ‡qvM| myZivs, GK_v ejv †h‡Z cv‡i †h, GKgvÎ Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© cwi¯‹vi I ¯^”Q
a¨vbaviYvB Avevi Bmjvgx ivóª‡K cyYtcÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| ïay ZvB bq, Bmjvgx ivóª‡K wU‡K _vK‡Z n‡j,
¯^”Q G a¨vbaviYvi wbivcËv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e Ges †mBmv‡_ wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e, Bmjvgx iv‡óª
kixqvn& AvB‡bi mwVK ev¯evqb— Ges ewn©we‡k¦ mwVK cš’vq `vIqvZx Kvh©µg|
83
Bmjvgx iv‡óªi weLÛvqb (wefw³):
Bmjvgx iv‡óªi eyw×e„wËK `ye©jZv ïi“ n‡qwQj wnRix cÂ kZ‡K| Gmgq wKQy cwÛZ e¨w³eM© BRwZnv` e‡Üi
`vex Zz‡jb Ges †NvlYv Ki‡jb †h BRwZnv‡ì ìRv eÜ n‡q †M‡Q Ges gvby‡li mKj mgm¨v wb‡q Av‡jvPbv n‡q
†M‡Q| GwU wQj Bmjvgx iv‡óªi cZ‡bi m‡¼Z| hwÌ ZL‡bv wKQy gyRZvwn`xb wQ‡jb wKš‘ BwZg‡a¨B
eyw×e„wËK Ae¶q Mfx‡i ‡cÖvw_Z n‡qwQj Ges Zv Bmjvgx ivóª‡K fxlYfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯’ K‡iwQj| hLb
µz‡mWviMY Zv‡ì cÖPviYv ïi“ Kij, ZZw`‡b Bmjvgx iv‡óªi H P¨‡jÄ †gvKv‡ejv Kivi gZ Ae¯’vb wQj bv| Bmjvgx
ivóª µy‡mWvi‡ì mv‡_ hy‡× wjß n‡q wM‡qwQj hv cÖvq `yB kZvãx a‡i P‡jwQj| µy‡mWviMY cÖ_‡g weRq jvf
Kij Ges Bmjvgx iv‡óªi wKQy Ask `Lj K‡i wb‡Z m¶g n‡qwQj| Gici Bmjvgx ivóª H AÂj c~biƒ×vi K‡iwQj Ges
µz‡mWvi‡ì weZvwoZ Ki‡Z m¶g n‡qwQj| Gmgq kvmb I KZ©Z¡… P‡j †Mj gvgjyK‡ì nv‡Z hviv Aviex fvlv‡K
Ae‡njv K‡iwQj Ges Bmjvgx kvm‡bi eyw×e„wËK I AvBbcÖYq‡bi w`KwU D‡c¶v Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQj| Gfv‡e
BRwZnv‡ì ìRv eÜ n‡q †Mj Ges Avk¼vRbKnv‡i Bmjvgx aviYv I Zvi Dcjwä `~e©j n‡q †h‡Z jvMj| Bmjvgx
cwÛZ I wPšvweìv— †Kej gvÎ ZvK¡jx‡ì (AbyKi‡Yi) g‡a¨B mxgve× _vKvq mš‘ó n‡q co‡jb Ges Ae¯’vi Av‡iv
AebwZ n‡Z jvMj|
Aek¨ G ¶wZ ïaygvÎ Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Af¨š‡i— wQj, KviY ZL‡bv evwn¨Kfv‡e Bmjvgx ivóª kw³kvjx wQj Ges Zvi
AvšR©vwZK— Ae¯’vb AUzU wQj| Bmjvgx ivóª ZL‡bv we‡k¦i e„nËg Ask Ry‡o GKwU civkw³ wQj Ges Ab¨
RvwZiv Zv‡K fq KiZ| Dmgvbx ivóª ZLbKvi ÁvZ we‡k¦i AwaKvsk AÂjB wbqš¿Y KiZ| wnRix `kg kZ‡K (16k
L„óvã) GwU Avie f~LÛ¸‡jv‡K HKë× K‡i †i‡LwQj Ges wekvj AÂj Ry‡o we¯Z…— wQj| Dmgvbx ivóª Gi
mvgwiK kw³ I we¯v‡ii— w`‡K j¶¨ †i‡LwQj Ges GKB mv‡_ ¶gZv I evwn¨K AvKl©Y eRvq †i‡LwQj| GwU
hy×weR‡qi w`‡K Zvi mg¯— g‡bv‡hvM †K›`ªxf~Z K‡iwQj Ges Aviex fvlv‡K Ae‡njv Kij (hwÌ Bmjvg †evSv
Ges BRwZnv‡ì Rb¨ Aviex fvlvq cvwÛZ¨ Aek¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq)| Dmgvbx ivóª eyw×e„wËK I AvBbcÖbq‡Yi w`K
‡_‡K Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ Lye GKUv g‡bv‡hvM †`qwb| d‡j Gi wPšvaviYvi— gvÎv I bZzb I AKvswLZ cwiw¯’wZ‡Z
AvBb MÖnY Kivi †¶‡Î dvuK i‡q hvw”Qj| †m mgq G `~e©jZv Bmjvgx iv‡óªi bR‡i Av‡mwb KviY †m ZLb
†MŠie, ¶gZv I mvgwiK kw³i P~ovq Ae¯’vb KiwQj| BD‡iv‡ci Z‚jbvq Gi Av`k©, AvBb cÖYqb Ges ms¯‹wZi…
cÖwZwU †¶Î ‡kªqZi Ae¯’v‡b wQj| G Z‚jbv Bmjvgx ivóª‡K Avk¦¯— K‡i †i‡LwQj Ges `~e©jZv‡K Ae©vPxb I
D‡c¶Yxq e‡j cÖZxqgvb KiwQj| BD‡ivc ZL‡bv m¤ú~Y© AÜKvi, wek„sLjv I Akvwš‡Z— wbgw¾Z wQj| BD‡ivc
GKwU †i‡bmvui (c~YR©vMi‡Yi) †Póv KiwQj wKš‘ evi evi Zv e¨_©Zvq ch©ewmZ nw”Qj| ms¯‹wZ… I kvmb
eë¯’vi †¶‡Î Dmgvbx ivóª BD‡iv‡ci Z‚jbvq ‡ek fv‡jv Ae¯’v‡b wQj e‡j Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì ‡kªô wnmv‡e †`Lvi Af¨vm
M‡o D‡VwQj| GwU Dmgvbx iv‡óªi Avf¨šixY— Î“wU¸‡jv D‡c¶v Kivi KviY n‡q `vwo‡qwQj|
Dmgvbx iv‡óªi Avf¨šixb— mgm¨v¸‡jv ‡_‡K †h welqwU bRi wdwi‡q †i‡LwQj Zv n‡”Q BD‡iv‡ci wec‡¶ Zvi
wekvj weRq| Bmjvgx ivóª BwZg‡a¨ ejKvb, Ges `w¶Y c~e© BD‡ivc `Lj K‡i wb‡qwQj| G weRq evKx BD‡ivc
Ry‡o GKwU K¤ú‡bi †XD Qwo‡q w`‡qwQj Ges GKwU aviYv Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡iwQj ‡h Bmjvgx †mbvevwnbx
Aciv‡Rq Ges †KD gymwjg‡ì mdjfv‡e †gvKv‡ejv Kivi Dchy³ bq| GwU ZLbKvi mgq hLb cÖ_g cÖvP¨xq
cÖkœ¸‡jv ‡f‡m DV‡Z jvMj| A_©vr wnRix 9g kZvãx‡Z (15k L„óv‡ã) gynv¤§` Avj dv‡Zn Gi †bZ‡Z¡… Dmgvbx
mvgªv‡Rï m¤cÖmvigvbZv I AMÖMvwgZvi wec‡` wcQy nUvi K_v wPšv— fveb ïi“ n‡qwQj| m~jvBgvb Avj
Kzbybxi †bZ‡Z¡… wnRix 11 kZvãx (17k L„óvã) ch©š— G RqhvÎv Ae¨nZ wQj| The conquests were concentrated
up until the middle of the 12th century Hijri (18th Century). Gmgq ch©š— wRnv‡ì avievwnKZvB Bmjvgx iv‡óªi
cÖavb kw³i Drm|
gymwjg‡ì AvK¡x`vi kw³ I wbw`©ó aviYv - hwÌ Zv‡ì g‡b aviYvwU ¯úó wQjbv - Bmjvgx iv‡óª GKwU cÖPÛ
ˆbwZK AvZ¥wek¦vm m„wó K‡iwQj Ges GwUB Zv‡ì mvgwiK kw³ eRvq ivL‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡iwQj| GQvovI ¯’vb
†f‡` wKQy AccÖ‡qvM m‡Ë¡I mvgwMÖKfv‡e Bmjvgx kvmb eë¯’vi cÖ‡qvM Ges BD‡iv‡ci Ae¯’vi Kvi‡YI
Bmjvgx iv‡óªi †kªôZ¡ eRvq wQj| Gmgq Bmjvgx ivóª h_vh_fv‡e Bmjvg †evSvi †Póv I Aviex fvlv wk¶v I
BRwZnv` DrmvwnZ Kivi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z cviZ| ivóª eyw×e„wËK I AvBbcÖbqY msµvš— welq¸‡jvi Dci
AwaK g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z cviZ hv GKwU k³ wfZ iPbv KiZ †hLvb †_‡K weR‡qi aviv Ae¨nZ ivLv †hZ| GwU
†MvUv wek¦‡K Bmjv‡gi gva¨‡g gy³ Ki‡Z Bmjvgx ivóª‡K m¶g K‡i ZzjZ| G‡Z Bmjvgx ivóª Ggb GK Ae¯’v‡b
†cuŠ‡Q †hZ †hLvb †_‡K Zvi KvVv‡gv kw³kvjx Ki‡Z cviZ Ges †MvUv wek¦‡K Bmjvgx ms¯‹…wZi
AcÖwZ‡iva¨ †Rvqv‡i cvweZ Ki‡Z cviZ Ges Gi gva¨‡g wek¦‡K `yb©xwZ I `yivPvi †_‡K i¶v Ki‡Z cviZ| Aek¨ Gi
†KvbwUB nqwb| Aviex fvlvq Drmvn cÖ`vb mxgve× wQj ¸wU KZK Avie wk¶K I wePviwefv‡M ¶z`ª wKQy c‡ì
g‡a¨, d‡j Zv Aviex fvlvi Ávb e„w×‡Z Lye KgB cÖfve †i‡LwQj Ges eyw×e„wËK RvMi‡Yi †¶‡Î †KvbB cÖfve
iv‡Lwb| Aviex fvlvi ¸i“Z¡ cybyi“×v‡ii Rb¨ ivóª G‡K cÖvwZôvwbK (official) fvlvq cwiYZ Ki‡Z cviZ, hv c~‡e©
wQj| wKš‘
GwU nqwb| d‡j †h‡nZz eyw×e„wËK I wdKwn (wePvimsµvš— welq) welq¸‡jv‡Z †Kvb c`‡¶c †bqv nq wb, d‡j
iv‡óªi `~e©j I åvš— cÖ‡Póv¸‡jv GKwU w¯’ive¯’vi m„wó Kij Ges ivóª‡K GKwU fyj c‡_ PvwjZ Ki‡Z _vKj|
84
wnRix 12k kZ‡Ki (18k L„óvã) wØZxqv‡a© G aviv cðv`gyLx n‡Z ïi“ Kij Ges iv‡óªi Avf¨šixY— `~e©jZv ¸‡jv
cÖKvk †c‡Z ïi“ Kij| KviY ivóª ZLb AccÖ‡qvMKZ… Bmjv‡gi Aewkó Ask w`‡q cwiPvwjZ nw”Qj|
mvgwMÖKfv‡e iv‡óªi kvmb, cÖKZv‡… © Bmjvgx eë¯’vi cwie‡Z© n‡q c‡owQj Bmjvgx eë¯’vi GKwU
cUf~wg gvÎ| GwU n‡qwQj Bmjvg †evSvi `~e©jZv I BRwZnv` I gyRZvwn`‡ì Afv‡e Bmjv‡gi AccÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j|
wnRix 13k kZ‡K (19k L„óv‡ã) Bmjvgx ivóª Ges A‰bmjvwgK ivóª¸‡jvi g‡a¨ cvjv Ny‡i †Mj| Gmgq BD‡iv‡ci
RvMiY ïi“ n‡qwQj Ges Zv cÖKvk †c‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQj| BwZg‡a¨ eyw×e„wËK ¯’weiZv I Gi mv‡_ hy³ nIqv Bmjvgx
eë¯’vi AccÖ‡qvM gymwjg‡ì MÖvm K‡i wb‡qwQj|
19k L„óv‡ã †MvUv wek¦ BD‡iv‡c cÖPÛ GK eyw×e„wËK wece cÖZ¨¶ Kij| BD‡ivcxq `vk©wbK, †jLK Ges
eyw×Rxweiv BD‡ivcxq RbMY‡K GKZve× Kivi j‡¶¨ BD‡ivcxq wPšvavivq— e¨vcK cwieZ©b Avbvi Rb¨ h‡_ó
†Póv K‡iwQj| eû Av‡›`vj‡bi D™¢e N‡UwQj Ges Giv Rxeb m¤ú‡K© bZzb `„wóf½x m„wó‡Z weivU f~wgKv
‡i‡LwQj| wKQy ¸i“Z¡c~Y© cwieZ©‡bi g‡a¨ GKwU wQj ivR‰bwZK I AvBbmsµvš— eë¯’vi cwieZ©b| ¶gZvai
ivRZvwš¿K kvm‡bi Ac”Qvqv ax‡i ax‡i wZ‡ivwnZ nj Ges ‡mLv‡b cÖwZwbwaZ¡kxj kvmb I RvZxq mve©‡fŠgZ¡
wbf©i cÖRvZvwš¿K (wicvewjKvb) eë¯’v ¯’vb K‡i wbj| GwU BD‡iv‡ci Nygš— Ae¯’v n‡Z RvMÖZ n‡Z cÖPÛ
iK‡gi DÏxcK f~wgKv ‡i‡LwQj| BD‡iv‡ci `„k¨c‡U wkí wece GKwU `„k¨gvb cÖfve we¯vi— Kij| BD‡ivcxq
gw¯®‹— †_‡K eûmsL¨K êÁvwbK Avwe®‹v‡ii ùziY NU‡Z jvMj| G welq¸‡jv BD‡ivcxq eyw×e„wËK I e¯‘MZ
DbœwZ Z¡ivwš^Z Kij| GmKj e¯‘MZ I êÁvwbK DbœwZ‡Z ¶gZvi cvjv Bmjvgx wek¦ †_‡K BD‡iv‡ci w`‡K
Suy‡K coj|
AvšR©vwZK— †cÖ¶vc‡U cÖvP¨xq cÖkœ cwiewZ©Z nj Ges GwU ïaygvÎ BD‡iv‡ci Af¨š‡i— Bmjvgx wec‡ì
cÖ‡ek‡iv‡ai welq _vKj bv, eis Bmjvgx ivóª‡K †Q‡o †`qv n‡e bv Zv wef³ Kiv n‡e, GB cÖ‡kœ iƒc wbj| BD‡ivcxq
†`k¸‡jvi wfbœ wfbœ AvMÖ‡ni Kvi‡Y Zviv wewfbœ gZvgZ w`j| cÖvP¨xq cÖkœ I BD‡iv‡ci fv‡Mï cwieZ©b - hv
Zvi eyw×e„wËK I êÁvwbK DbœwZ‡Z (h_v wkí wece) cÖwZdwjZ nw”Qj - Zv Bmjvgx ivóª I Awek¦vmx
ivóª¸‡jvi gv‡S GKwU ivR‰bwZK †`v`~j¨gvbZvi m~Pbv Kij hv Bmjvgx ivóª‡K wef³ Ki‡Z mnvqK n‡qwQj|
BD‡iv‡ci ivR‰bwZK wece eyw×Rxwe‡ì ga¨ †_‡K we¯Z…— n‡qwQj Ges GKwU bZzb Rxeb eë¯’v cÖeZ©‡bi
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv m„wó Kij| Zviv Rxeb m¤ú‡K© GKwU bZzb `„wóf½x Ges bZzb gZev` MÖnY Kij| GB bZzb
`„wóf½xi Dci wfwË K‡i Zviv GKwU eë¯’vi wfZ cÖwZôv Kij| GwU wPšvaviv— I g~j¨‡ev‡ai cwieZ©‡bi w`‡K
wb‡q †Mj hv Zv‡ì Rxe‡b GKwU mvaviY cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ wkí wece‡K MwZkxj Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Kij|
wbR¯^ Av`‡k© Mfxi cÖwZdj‡bi cwie‡Z©, AvKx`v †_‡K D™¢~Z bZzb aviYvi DÏxcbv I BRwZnv‡ì gva¨‡g
mgm¨v †gvKv‡ejvi cwie‡Z©, wkí I weÁvb‡K MÖnY Kivi cwie‡Z©, AwP‡iB Bmjvgx ivóª BD‡iv‡ci fv‡Mï
cwieZ©‡b mvov w`‡Z wM‡q †`v`~j¨gvb I nZeyw× n‡q coj| G Ø‡›Øi Kvi‡Y GwU Ajm e‡m iBj Ges GwU Zv‡ì
wkí I weÁv‡bi †¶‡Î Av‡iv cðvrc`Zvi w`‡K †V‡j w`j| d‡j GwU e¯‘MZ DbœwZi †¶‡Î Ab¨vb¨ BD‡ivcxq †`k¸‡jv
†cQ‡b c‡o iBj|
Dmgvbx ivóª GKwU Bmjvgx ivóª wQj| Bmjvgx AvKx`v wQj ivóª I Zvi eë¯’vi wfwË| Bmjvgx aviYv wQj iv‡óªi
aviYv Ges Bmjvgx `„wóf½x wQj iv‡óªi `„wóf½x| Bmjvgx iv‡óªi DwPr wQj BD‡iv‡ci bZzb aviYv ¸‡jvi cÖwZ
fvjgZ j¶¨ Kiv I Zvi wbR¯^ AvKx`vi gvb`‡Û Zv‡ì cwigvc Kiv| bZzb mgm¨v¸‡jv‡K Zvi Bmjvgx `„wó‡KvY ‡_‡K
ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv DwPr wQj Ges Av‡iv DwPr wQj GmKj aviYv I mgm¨vi †¶‡Î ch©vß BRwZnv‡ì wfwË‡Z ivq
cÖ`vb Kiv| Ae‡k‡l G ai‡Yi wPšv— aviYvi ‰eaZv wePvi Kiv DwPr wQj| wKš‘ Gm‡ei wKQyB K‡iwb KviY
Zv‡ì wPšvq— Bmjv‡gi aviYvwU ¯úó wQj bv| Gi †Kvb mywbw`©ó/mymsÁvwqZ aviYv wQjbv KviY Zviv
Bmjvgx AvKx`v‡K Zv‡ì eyw×e„wËK wfwË wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡iwb, †h eyw×e„wËK wfwËi Dci wbf©i K‡i mKj
aviYv| AvKx`v Rxebïb¨ n‡q coj KviY Gi cÖvYkw³, BRwZnv` eÜ n‡q wM‡qwQj| Bmjvgx ms¯‹wZ… hv Rxeb
m¤ú‡K© aviYvi mgwó Zv gymwjg‡ì Aš‡i/gvb‡m— ùwUK-¯^”Q AvKvi aviY K‡iwb| iv‡óªi Kvh©Kjv‡ci mv‡_
ms¯‹wZ… hy³ wQj bv| Gme wKQyB GKwU Xvjy eyw×e„wËK Ae¶‡qi w`‡K wb‡q †Mj|
djvdj ¯îƒc Bmjvgx ivóª BD‡iv‡ci eyw×e„wËK, ms¯‹wZK… I wkí wece cÖZ¨¶ K‡i ¯w¤—¢Z n‡q †Mj| Aek¨ Zviv
†Kvb cÖwZwµqv †`Lvqwb KviY Zviv eyw×e„wËK fv‡e Aek n‡q wM‡qwQj| d‡j Zviv BD‡iv‡ci ms¯‹wZK…
DbœwZ‡K MÖnY Ki‡e wK eR©b Ki‡e †m wel‡q †Kvb wm×vš— wb‡Z cviwQj bv| Zviv weÁvb, Avwe®‹vi I
wkí †_‡K wK MÖnYxq Ges wbw`©ó ms¯‹wZ… †_‡K wK eR©bxq ‡m wel‡q cv_©K¨ Ki‡Z cviwQj bv| Zviv
¯’wei n‡q coj Ges G ¯’weiZv Zv‡ì Av‡iv wcwQ‡q w`‡Z jvMj A_P GKB mg‡q BD‡ivcxq ivóª¸‡jvi DbœwZ
†eMevb n‡q DVwQj|
85
gymwjgiv Bmjvgx AvKx`v I BD‡ivcxq aviYvi cv_©K¨ Abyaveb Ki‡Z e¨ © nj| Av‡iKwU KviY wQj Zv‡ì
weÁvb, wkí I Avwe®‹vi, hv Bmjvg DrmvwnZ K‡i I ms¯‹wZ,… Av`‡k©i gv‡S cv_©K¨ Kivi e¨_©Zv| weÁvb, wkí
I Avwe®‹vi Bmjvg DrmvwnZ K‡i Ges G‡¶‡Î Drm ¸i“Z¡c~Y© bq| Avi ms¯‹wZ… I Av`k© ïaygvÎ Bmjvg †_‡KB
D™¢~Z n‡Z n‡e, Ab¨_vq Zv eR©bxq|
Dmgvbxiv Bmjvg‡K h_vh_ fv‡e eyS‡Z cv‡iwb| G ai‡Yi AÜZ¡ ivóª I D¤§vn‡K wek„sLjfv‡e Rxeb hvc‡bi w`‡K
wb‡q wM‡qwQj| BwZg‡a¨ Bmjv‡gi kÎ“iv GKwU wbw`©ó eë¯’vq w¯’i wQj Ges GwUB †g‡b PjwQj| BD‡ivc, fyj
n‡jI, GKwU Av`‡k©i aviK n‡q wM‡qwQj| hwÌ Zvi DrmMZ AvKx`v êa bq, ZeyI Zv wQj GKwU Av`k©| c¶vš‡i
— Bmjvgx iv‡óªi mwVK I êa AvKx`v _vKv m‡Ë¡I Zv cÖv_wgKfv‡e BD‡ivcxq Av`‡k©i Qvqvq ¯’vb K‡i
wb‡qwQj| Bmjvgx AvKx`v gvby‡li Rxeb †_‡K wew”Qbœ I AZxZ GKwU welq n‡q `vwo‡qwQj KviY Zviv Ggb
GKwU iv‡óª evm KiZ hv Gi AccÖ‡qvM KiwQj| hwÌ ivmyjyjvn (m:) e‡jwQ‡jb, Avwg †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ `y‡Uv
wRwbm †i‡L hvw”Q, hw` †Zvgiv Zv AvK‡o ai, Z‡e ‡Zvgiv KL‡bv c_åó n‡e bv, Avi G `y‡Uv welq n‡”Q Avjvni
wKZve I Zvi ivmy‡ji (m:) mybœvn|Ó hwÌ ivóªwU ZL‡bv Bmjvgx wQj Ges D¤§vn gymwjg wQj, hwÌ we¯Z…—
eyw×e„wËK mÂq I wdKwn Ávbm¤ú` cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki bvMv‡j wQj, wKš‘ ivóª nv`xmwUi A_© MÖnY Ki‡Z Ges
Bmjv‡gi g~‡j (AvKx`v) wd‡i Avm‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡¶c wb‡Z e¨_© n‡qwQj| ivóª GB m¤ú‡ì eënvi K‡i wb,
GwU wQj Ggb GK m¤ú` hv Ab¨ †Kvb RvwZ KL‡bv AR©b K‡iwb Ges †Kvb w`b Ki‡eI bv|
Aek¨B Bmjvgx ivóª G m¤ú‡ì ‡Kvb mydj †fvM K‡i wb| hLbB BRwZnv` eÜ n‡q †M‡Q, eyw×e„wËK Kvh©µg
†_‡g †M‡Q Ges gymwjg‡ì g‡b Bmjvgx aviYv ¸‡jv Svcmv n‡q †M‡Q I Bmjvgx m‡PZbvi AebwZ N‡U‡Q| eB
cy¯K— I Ab¨vb¨ ms¯‹wZK… I eyw×e„wËK nvwZqvi ¸‡jv Zv‡K mw¾Z ivLv wQj Ges mvgvb¨ msL¨K wkw¶Z I
Ávbx e¨w³ Aewkó wQj| wk¶v I M‡elYvi AvKvsLv wejxb n‡q wM‡qwQj| ivóª I mgv‡Ri wekvj msL¨K
mvs¯‹wZK… I eyw×e„wËK m¤ú‡ì eënv‡ii †Kvb D‡`¨vM wQj bv KviY ivóª KL‡bv G¸‡jvi eënv‡i Drmvn
†hvMvqwb| eyw×Rxweiv ïaygvÎ ÁvbvR©‡bi Rb¨ wk¶vjvf K‡iwQ‡jb, A_ev Zviv GKwU RxweKv wbe©v‡ni Rb¨
Ávb AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb| K`vwPr †KD D¤§vn ev iv‡óªi g½‡ji Rb¨ ÁvbvR©b K‡i‡Qb| djZ: weÁvb, mvs¯‹wZK… I
AvBbmsµvš— ÁvbvR©‡b ‡Kvb ‡eM wQj bv Ges Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© Abyaveb wQj wew¶ß| gymwjgiv Bmjvg‡K
eyw×e„wËK, ivR‰bwZK I AvBbcÖbqY msµvš— Kv‡Ri cwie‡Z© ïaygvÎ Ava¨vwZ¥K Abyf~wZi Rb¨ eySZ|
Bmjv‡gi cÖKZ… aviYv Ges aviYv ev¯evq‡bi— c×wZ A¯úó n‡q c‡owQj| gymwjgiv wVKgZ KziAvb I mybœvn
Abyaveb KiZ bv Ges aviYv KiZ Bmjvg ïaygvÎ GKwU Ava¨vwZ¥K ag©| Zviv Bmjvg‡K AvKx`v I m¤ú~Y© Rxeb
c×wZ wnmv‡e wPšv— Kivi cwie‡Z© Ava¨vwZ¥K `„wó‡KvY †_‡K Ab¨vb¨ a‡g©i mv‡_ Z‚jbv Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQj|
Kv‡RB GwU †Kvb Avð‡h©i welq wQj bv †h BD‡ivcxq wec‡ei mvg‡b Dmgvbx iv‡óªi †bZZ¡vaxb… gymwjg
D¤§vn Ajm I wØavMÖ¯’ n‡q e‡m wQj| GwU `„k¨Z: wcQ‡b c‡o wQj Ges BD‡iv‡ci eûwea Avwe®‹v‡ii gva¨‡g
AwR©Z A_©‰bwZK AMÖMwZ wKsev mviv gnv‡`kRy‡o ïi“ nIqv wkí wec‡ei †Kvb cÖfve m¤ú‡K© †m
D`vmxb wQj| BD‡iv‡ci GB e¯‘MZ AMÖMwZ Bmjvgx iv‡óª Lye mvgvb¨B cÖfve we¯vi— K‡iwQj Ges G
wec‡ei gva¨‡g †m LyeB Kg e¯‘MZ AR©b Ki‡Z m¶g n‡qwQj| AwaKvsk gymwjgB BD‡iv‡ci AR©b‡K Bmjv‡gi
mv‡_ mvsNwl©K wnmv‡e †`‡LwQj Ges G ai‡Yi AMÖMwZi we‡ivaxZv K‡iwQj|

Gi GKwU R¡jš— D`vniY n‡”Q QvcvLvbvi Avwe®‹vi Ges hLb ivóª KziAvb Qvcv‡bvi wm×vš— wbj| wKQy
cwÛZ e¨w³ (Av‡jg) KziAv‡bi Qvcv wbwl× †NvlYv Kij Ges †h‡Kvb bZzb wKQy wbwl× K‡i dZIqv w`‡Z ïi“ Kij|
Ges mvaviY weÁvb wkL‡Z hvIqv e¨w³‡K Awek¦vmx (Kvwdi) wnmv‡e `vqx Ki‡Z jvMj| Zviv cÖ‡Z¨K
eyw×Rxwe‡KB Kvwdi I wRbw`K wnmv‡e †`vlx mve¨¯— Kij|
wecixZµ‡g, gymwjg‡ì GKwU †QvU `j ˆZix nj hviv weÁvb, wk¶v, ms¯‹wZ… Ges mf¨Zvmn cwð‡gi me wKQy
MÖn‡Yi ¯^‡cœ we‡fvi n‡q coj| Giv n‡”Q Hmg¯— e¨w³ hviv BD‡iv‡c ev Bmjvgx we‡k¦ AbycÖ‡ekKvix wgkbvix
we`¨vj‡q cov‡jLv K‡i‡Q| cÖ_g cÖ_g gymwjg‡ì G ¶z`ª `jwU mgv‡R Lye KgB cÖfve we¯vi— Ki‡Z m¶g n‡qwQj|
Dmgvbx iv‡óªi †k‡li eQi¸‡jv‡Z D¤§vni g‡a¨ GKwU aviYv e¨vcK fv‡e Qwo‡q coj Avi Zv n‡”Q, Ôcwðgviv g~jZ
Bmjvg †_‡KB Zv‡ì ms¯‹wZ… MÖnY K‡i‡Q Ges Bmjvg Gi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K bq Giƒc †Kvb wKQy MÖnY
Kiv‡K wbwl× K‡i bv|Õ cwðgv wek¦ mdj fv‡e G aviYvwU Qwo‡q w`‡Z m¶g n‡qwQj Ges GK mgq AwaKvsk
gymwjg, we‡klZ: wkw¶Z gymwjgiv G aviYvwU MÖnY K‡i wbj| Gai‡Yi cwÛZ, wPšvwe`— I wePviKiv
cieZ©x‡Z ÒAvaywbK wPšvwe`Ó— ev Òms¯‹viev`xÓ wnmv‡e cwiwPZ n‡qwQj|
Aek¨ cwðgv ms¯‹wZ… I Bmjvgx ms¯‹wZi… g‡a¨ cÖKZ… cv_©‡Kï Kvi‡Y Ges Rxeb m¤ú‡K© cwðgv `„wóf½x
I Bmjvgx `„wóf½xi cwi®‹vi cv_©‡Kï Kvi‡Y cwðgv wk¶vi mv‡_ Bmjvgx wk¶vi GKwU HK¨Zvb m„wó Kivi
cÖ‡Póv e¨_© n‡q hvq| ms¯‹viev`xiv Bmjv‡g Zv‡ì c_ nvwi‡q †d‡j Ges GK mgq Zviv Bmjvg ‡_‡K weP¨~Z n‡q
hvq| Zv‡ì weåvwšg~jK— cwðgv AwfMgb e¨_© n‡qwQj KviY Zviv cwðgv
86
aviYv mwVK fv‡e Abyaveb K‡iwb Ges Avwe®‹vi, weÁvb I wkí msµvš— welq¸‡jv D‡c¶v K‡iwQj, d‡j Bmjvg
†_‡K Av‡iv `y‡i m‡i wM‡qwQj| D¤§vn `vi“Y fv‡e GmKj ms¯‹viev`x‡ì Dci wbf©i K‡iwQj, d‡j e¨cK wØav
Ø‡›Øi Rb¥ nj| ivóª GKwU cwi®‹vi wm×vš— cÖm~Z Ae¯’vb MÖnY Ki‡Z e¨_© nj Ges D¤§vn weÁvb, Avwe®‹vi
†_‡K ïi“ K‡i wkí ch©š— e¯‘MZ AMÖMwZi me Dcvq cwiZ¨vM Kij| ivóª `ye©j n‡q coj Ges wbR‡K i¶vq Amg ©
n‡q coj| GB `ye©jZv Bmjv‡gi kÎ“‡ì Bmjvgx ivóª †f‡½ UzK‡iv UzK‡iv Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ K‡i Zzjj|
gymwjg f~L‡Û weÁv‡bi mnvqZvi bv‡g wgkbvix AbycÖ‡ek NU‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQj| GKB mgq wewfbœ iKg Av‡›`vjb
ïi“ n‡qwQj Ges Bmjvgx iv‡óªi KvVv‡gv‡K aŸsm K‡i w`‡Z m¶g n‡qwQj| cwðgv‡ì cÖZ¨¶ Drmv‡n
RvZxqZvev‡ì aviYvi exR ecY Kiv n‡qwQj| G RvZxqZvev‡ì exR Bmjvgx iv‡óªi wewfbœ ¯’v‡b, †hgb ejKvb,
Zzi¯‹, Avie AÂj, Av‡g©wbqv, Kz`©x AÂj mn wewfbœ As‡k ‡cÖvw_Z n‡Z ïi“ Kij|
1914 mv‡j, Bmjvgx ivóª cZ‡bi ØvicÖv‡š— DcbxZ nj| GwU cÖ_g wek¦hy‡× Rwo‡q coj Ges civwRZ nj| Gici
Ae‡k‡l 1924 mv‡j m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c aŸsm n‡q hvq| Kv‡RB Bmjvgx ivóª LwÛZ n‡q coj Ges cwðgv‡ì kZ kZ eQ‡ii
¯^cœ Ae‡k‡l ev¯evwqZ— nj| Bmjvgx iv‡óªi weLÛvq‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ gymwjg f~L‡Ûi eë¯’v n‡q coj A
‰bmjvwgK Ges ZLb †_‡KB gymwjgiv A‰bmjvwgK cZvKvi bx‡P Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Q| ZLb †_‡KB Zviv Kzdi
kvm‡bi Aax‡b, Kzdi AvBb Øviv Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Q| Zviv Aw¯’i n‡q c‡o‡Q Ges Zv‡ì Ae¯’vi Av‡iv AebwZ
N‡U‡Q|
wgkbvix Avµgb:
Bmjvgx iv‡óª weÁv‡bi bvg K‡i BD‡iv‡ci AbycÖ‡ek ïi“ n‡q wM‡qwQj| G Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Zv‡ì ‡gvUv As‡Ki A ©
eivÏ wQj| g~jZ: GwU wQj weÁvb I gvbeZvi bv‡g wgkbvix‡ì (ag©cÖPvi cÖwZôvb) QÙvei‡Y c‡iv¶fv‡e
Jcwb‡ewkKZvi cÖmvi| G Avµg‡bi cwiKíbv Kiv n‡qwQj gymwjg f~L‡Û ivR‰bwZK ‡Mv‡q›`v kvLv Kvh©Ki
Ki‡Z Ges mvs¯‹wZK… Jcwb‡ewkKZvi we¯vi— NUv‡Z, hv‡Z K‡i gymwjg f~LÛ ¸‡jv cwðgv KzPµx‡ì Ab¨Zg
cÖavb hÁ‡¶‡Î cwiYZ n‡Z cv‡i| G Dcwb‡ekev‡ì m~Pbv nq hLb gymwjg wek¦ cwðgv ms¯‹wZi… AbycÖ‡e‡ki
Øvi Db¥y³ K‡i w`‡qwQj Ges GwU g~jZ cwiPvwjZ n‡qwQj divmx, Bs‡iR I gvwK©b wgkbvix‡ì gva¨‡g|
djvdj ¯îƒc G wgkbvix cÖwZôvb¸‡jv gva¨‡g gymwjg we‡k¦ divmx I Bs‡iRiv cÖfve we¯vi— Ki‡Z m¶g n‡qwQj|
Giv g~jZ RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖavb PvwjKv kw³‡Z cwiYZ n‡qwQj hviv c¨vb Avie I c¨vb ZzK©xev`‡K
DrmvwnZ K‡iwQj| cvkvcvwk wkw¶Z gymwjg‡ì cwðgvwfgyLx Kivi e¨vcv‡i wbqš¿Y cÖwZôv K‡iwQj| Gi
wcQ‡b cÖavYZ `ywU j¶¨ wQj| cÖ_gZ: eY©ev`‡K D‡¯‹ w`‡q Dmgvbx ivóª Zzi¯‹ n‡Z Avie‡ì wew”Qbœ Kiv I
‡mB myev‡` Bmjvgx iv‡óª dvUj m„wó Kiv| wØZxqZ: gymwjg‡ì AÁZvi my‡hv‡M Zv‡ì Bmjv‡gi cÖKZ… eÜb
m¤ú‡K© exZkª× K‡i †Zvjv|
wgkbvix cÖwZôvb¸‡jv Zv‡ì m¼íbvi (¯‹xg) gva¨‡g cÖ_g ce©wU fv‡jvgZ m¤úbœ Ki‡jI wØZxq welqwU
Am¤ú~Y© i‡q wM‡qwQj| G welqwU‡K Zviv Zzi¯‹, Avie, cvim¨ Ges Ab¨vb¨ RvZxhZvev`x Av‡›`vj‡bi Dci †Q‡o
w`‡qwQj hv gymwjg‡ì HK¨ webó Ki‡Z I Bmjv‡gi g~jbxwZ n‡Z wew”Qbœ Ki‡Z AMÖYx f~wgKv †i‡LwQj|
wgkbvix cÖwZôvb¸‡jv KvR K‡iwQj wewfbœ ch©v‡q Ges Zvi djvdj cy‡iv gymwjg we‡k¦B cwijw¶Z n‡qwQj|
eZ©gv‡b Avgiv †h `~e©jZv I AatcZb cÖZ¨¶ KiwQ Zv GB msMVb¸‡jvi cÖ‡Póvi djvdj| Dcwb‡ekev`x kw³ ¸‡jvB
Avgv‡ì AMÖhvÎvq euvavi cÖvPxi m„wó‡Z cÖ_g BuUwU ¯’vcb K‡iwQj hv cieZ©x‡Z Avgv‡ì I Avgv‡ì
Av`‡k©i gv‡S GKwU `~j©•N¨ eëavb iPbv K‡i w`‡q‡Q|
BD‡ivcxq ivóª¸‡jv gymwjg we‡k¦ Zv‡ì wgkbvix cÖwZôvb¸‡jv ‰Zix K‡iwQj KviY gymwjg‡ì wei“‡× Zv‡ì
wg_¨v cÖPviYv (propaganda) †Kvb Kvh©Ki dj e‡q AvbwQj bv| µz‡m‡Wi wei“‡× wRnv‡` gymwjgiv Zv‡ì
âh©¨, mvnm Ges kw³gËvi ¯^v¶i †i‡LwQj| hLb hy×‡¶‡Î µz‡mWviMY gymwjg‡ì mv‡_ msNv‡Z wjß n‡qwQj,
ZLb Zviv g~jZ `ywU wel‡qi Dci fimv K‡iwQj| G¸‡jv wQj Zv‡ì wbR¯^ wnmve cÖm~Z Ges G‡¶‡Î Zviv mvd‡jï
e¨vcv‡i e¨vcK Avkvev`x wQj| Zviv aviYv K‡iwQj G `ywU welq Bmjvg I gymwjg‡ì wPiZ‡i wbwðý Ki‡Z cÖavb
f~wgKv ivL‡e|
87
cÖ_gZ: Zviv gymwjg we‡k¦ emevmiZ, we‡klZ Avj kvg AÂ‡ji L„óvb‡ì Dci wbf©i K‡iwQj| KviY Zviv msL¨vq
wQj A‡bK Ges AZ¨š— avwg©K| BD‡ivcxqiv Zv‡ì Awfbœ wek¦v‡mi fvB wnmv‡e we‡ePbv KiZ| BD‡ivcxq‡ì
aviYv wQj ag©xq hy‡×i LvwZ‡i Zviv gymwjg‡ì wei“‡× lohš¿ I ¸ßPie„wË‡Z Zv‡ì mnvqZv Ki‡e|
wØZxqZ: BD‡ivcxqiv Zv‡ì msLvwaK¨ I kw³gËvÕi Dci †ek Av¯’vkxj wQj | Zviv RvbZ †h gymwjgiv BwZg‡a¨B
wef³ n‡q c‡owQj
Ges ci¯ú‡ii wei“‡× weev‡` wjß _vKZ| ¯úóZ: Zv‡ì H‡K¨ dvUj a‡iwQj| BD‡ivcxqiv aviYv KiZ, GKevi gymwjg‡ì
civwRZ Ki‡Z cvi‡j Zviv wPiZ‡i Zv‡ì c`vbZ n‡e I mg~‡j aŸsm n‡e Ges Zv‡ì Øxb KZ¸‡jv AvPvi me©¯^
Abyôv‡b cwiYZ n‡e| Aek¨ ev¯‡e— Zv‡ì G Avkv †f‡¯— wM‡qwQj Ges Zv‡ì fwel¨r cwiKíbvI wed‡j ‡Mj| Zviv
we¯§‡q nZevK n‡q j¶¨ Kij †h iY‡¶‡Î gymwjg‡ì cvkvcvwk Avie L„óvbiv BD‡ivcxq‡ì wei“‡× me©vZ¥K hy×
K‡iwQj| BD‡ivcxq‡ì hveZxq wg_¨v cÖPviYv Zv‡ì Dci †Kvb Kvh©Ki cÖfve we¯vi— Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|
BD‡ivcxqiv ‡h welqwU eyS‡Z e¨_© n‡qwQj Zv n‡”Q, Avie L„óvbiv gymwjg‡ì mv‡_ GK‡Î emevm KiZ,
mgAwaKvi †fvM KiZ Ges iv‡óªi cÖwZ mgvb `vwqZ¡ cvjb KiZ| gymwjgiv Zv‡ì wbKU n‡Z Lvevi MÖnY KiZ,
L„óvb bvix‡ì we‡q KiZ, Zv‡ì ˆ`bw›`b Kv‡R Askx`vi wQj Ges Zv‡ì AwaKvi msi¶Y KiZ|
Ljxdv I MfY©iMY iv‡óª AvB‡bi kvmb b¨vq m¤§Zfv‡e ev¯evqb— Ki‡Zb| Avj Kzivdx Ges Be‡b nvhvg wj‡L‡Qb,
Òhw` AvMÖvmx kw³ Avgv‡ì f~LÛ‡K Avµgb K‡i Z‡e Avgv‡ì `vwqZ¡ n‡”Q whw¤§‡ì i¶v Kiv Avi GRb¨
cÖ‡qvR‡b Avgiv Rxeb †è| G `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b mvgvb¨ Ae‡njv wh¤§x‡ì AwaKvi jsN‡bi kvwgj n‡e|Ó
Avj Kzivdx Av‡iv e‡j‡Qb,

Òwhw¤§‡ì cÖwZ gymwjg‡ì `vwqZ¡ n‡”Q f`ª eënvi, `yej‡ì cÖwZ mngwg©Zv, ìx`ª‡ì mvnvh¨, ¶zavZ©‡ì
Avnv‡ii eë¯’v Kiv, Zv‡ì Rb¨ †cvlv‡Ki eë¯’v Kiv Ges Zv‡ì mv‡_ gvwR©Zfv‡e K_v ejv| gymwjg‡ì cÖZ¨vNvZ
Kivi mvg_©¨ _vKv m‡Ë¡I Zv‡ì cÖwZ‡ekx‡ì AvNvZ‡K ¶gvi `„ó‡Z †`Lv DwPr| †h †Kvb mrKg©kxj ag©civqY
gymwj‡gi `vwqZ¡ n‡”Q Zv‡ì cÖwZ DËg Dc‡`k †`qv, Zv‡ì m¤ú`, cwievi, m¤§vb I AwaKvi i¶v Kiv|Ó
GK_v we‡ePbv Ki‡j gymwjg‡ì mn‡hvMx wnmv‡e L„óvb‡ì jovB Kivi welqwU ¯^vfvweK| BD‡ivcxqiv Av‡iv
wew¯§Z nj hLb †`Lj Zv‡ì wØZxq †KŠkjwUI ev¯e— dj e‡q Avb‡Z e¨_© nj| Zviv Avj kvg `Lj K‡i wb‡qwQj Ges
gymwjg‡ì mvgwMÖKfv‡e civwRZ K‡iwQj| Zviv wbKóZg… b„ksmZvi ¯^v¶i †i‡LwQj Ges G mgq Zviv
cÖ_gev‡ii gZ e¨vcKnv‡i gymwjg‡ì f~wg †_‡K D‡”Q` K‡iwQj hv Av‡Rv Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q| Zviv aviYv K‡iwQj,
mewKQyB Zv‡ì c‡¶ wM‡q‡Q Ges gymwjgiv Avi †Kvbw`b Zv‡ì wei“‡× gv_v Zz‡j `vov‡Z cvi‡e bv| Aek¨
gymwjgiv `„p cÖwZÁ wQj †h Zv‡ì f~LÛ †_‡K `Lj`vi evwnbx‡K AcmviY Ki‡Z n‡e| hwÌev cÖvq `yBkZ eQi
µz‡mWviMY gymwjg f~LÛ `Lj K‡i ‡i‡LwQj Ges BwZg‡a¨ Zviv Zv‡ì mvgªvR¨ I principalities ¯’vcb K‡iwQj,
wKš‘ gymwjgiv Ae‡k‡l Zv‡ì weZvwoZ Ki‡Z m¶g n‡qwQj|
BD‡ivcxqiv gymwjg‡ì G AfvweZ mvd‡jï inm¨ D`NvU‡b g‡bv‡hvM w`j| Zviv j¶¨ Kij Gi exR Bmjv‡gB wbwnZ
Av‡Q| gymwjg‡ì kw³i Drm n‡”Q Zv‡ì AvKx`v Ges Zvi mv‡_ hy³ n‡qwQj AvBbKvbyb I Agymwjg‡ì AwaKvi
msi¶‡Yi Abycg eë¯’vwU| Bmjvgx iv‡óªi bvMwiK‡ì H‡Kï wcQ‡b GwUB wQj g~j KviY| Zv‡ì mg‡q
Awek¦vmx Dcwb‡ekev`xiv Bmjvgx wek¦ `L‡ji bZzb †KŠkj MÖnY Kij| Zviv Bmjvgx we‡k¦ AbycÖ‡e‡ki
m‡e©vËg c_wU †e‡Q wb‡qwQj Ges Zv n‡”Q wgkbvix‡ì gva¨‡g mvs¯‹wZK… AvMÖvmb| Gi j¶¨ wQj L„óvb‡ì
mg_©b AR©b I gymwjg‡ì g‡a¨ Zv‡ì Øxb m¤ú‡K© m‡›`n m„wó Kiv|
Zviv Avkv K‡iwQj †h G c×wZwU gymwjg‡ì Øx‡bi e¨vcv‡i m‡›`‡ni D‡`ªK Ki‡e Ges Zv‡ì AvKx`v boe‡o n‡q
hv‡e| Gi gva¨‡g Bmjvgx iv‡óªi bvMwiK‡ì gv‡S we‡f` m„wó Kiv hv‡e Ges Zv gymwjg‡ì `ye©j K‡i †dj‡e|
Dcwb‡ekev`xiv Zv‡ì cwiKíbv ev¯evq‡b— mdj n‡qwQj| 16k kZvãxi †kl bvMv` Zviv gvëvq wgkbvix †K›`ª ¯’vcb
Ki‡Z mg_© nj
Ges GwU Zv‡ì cÖavb NvuwU‡Z cwiYZ nj †hLvb †_‡K cieZ©x‡Z Zviv gymwjg we‡k¦ wgkbvix Kvh©µ‡gi
gva¨‡g aŸsmh‡Ái m~Pbv
K‡iwQj| cÖv_wgK Ae¯’vq Zviv GLvb †_‡KB Zv‡ì wgkb Kvh© cwiPvjbv KiZ| cieZ©x‡Z Zv‡ì Kvh©µg
m¤cÖmvi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
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ïi“ K‡i|
Aek¨ Gmgq Zv‡ì Kvh©µg wQj mxwgZ| Zviv wKQy ¯‹zj ¯’vcb I eB cy¯—K cÖKvk Kiv Qvov we‡kl wKQy
Ki‡Z cv‡i wb| e¯‘Z: Zviv
mevi wbKU †_‡K e¨vcK evav I Amn‡hvwMZvi m¤§~Lxb n‡qwQj| 1773 L„óvã ch©š— Zv‡ì KR Ae¨vnZ _v‡K
Ges G mgq Zv‡ì
Cmvqx (jesuits) Kvh©µg eÜ n‡q hvq| Aek¨ wKQy wKQy Aby‡jL‡hvM¨ Kvh©µg ZL‡bv PjwQj - †hgb
ÔAvRvixqÕ wgkbvix| G‡ì
88
Kvh©µg Ae¨nZ _vK‡jI Zv‡ì Aw¯Z¡— cÖvq k~‡bï ch©v‡q †b‡g G‡mwQj| 1820 L„óvã ch©š— Zv‡ì KvR
gvëvq mxgve× wQj| Gmgq êi“‡Z Zv‡ì GKwU †K›`ª Pvjy nq Ges wgkbvix‡ì KvR cyb‡`¨©v‡g ïi“ nq| cÖ_gw`‡K
Zviv †ek cÖwZK‚jZvi wkKvi n‡jI Zv‡ì KvR Ae¨vnZ wQj| cÖv_wgKfv‡e Zv‡ì Kv‡Ri †¶Î wQj ag©evYx I
ag©xq ms¯‹wZ… cÖPvi| Zv‡ì wk¶v Kvh©µg wQj mxwgZ I `ye©j|
1834 mv‡j wgkbvix ZrciZv mgMÖ kvg G Qwo‡q coj| †jevb‡bi AvbZziv MÖv‡g GKwU K‡jR cÖwZwôZ nj Ges
gvwK©b wgkb Zv‡ì eB cy¯K— cÖKvkbv I cÖPv‡ii myweav‡_© gvëv †_‡K QvcvLvbv I †`vKvb êi“‡Z mwi‡q
wbj|
cÖL¨vZ gvwK©b wgkbvix GjvB w¯§_ G mg‡q LyeB Zrci wQj| ‡m gvëvq †¯^”Qv‡mex wnmv‡e wgk‡bi
QvcvLvbvi `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ wQj| 1827 mv‡j wZwb êi“‡Z G‡mwQj| wKš‘ fq Ges GK‡N‡qgx Zv‡K Zvwo‡q
wb‡q ‡eovw”Qj e‡j ‡m c~bivq gvëvq wd‡i hvq| Ae‡k‡l c~bivq 1834 mv‡j Zvi ¯¿x mn ‡m êi“‡Z Av‡m Ges
†g‡q‡ì Rb¨ GKwU ¯‹zj cÖwZôv K‡i| G mgq Zvi Kv‡Ri cwiwa †e‡o †Mj Ges Avj kvg AÂ‡j, we‡klZ êi“‡Z Zvi
Kv‡R AvZ¥wb‡qvM Kij| Zvi I Zvi gZ Giƒc Av‡iv A‡b‡Ki wbijm cÖ‡Póvi d‡j wgkbvix Av‡›`vj‡bi cybR©b¥ nj|
hLb Beªvwng cvkv cÖv_wgK ¯‹z‡ji Rb¨ GKwU bZzb cvV¨m~Px MÖnY K‡i Zv wmwiqv‡Z ev¯evqb— Kivi
wm×vš— wb‡jb ZLb wgkbvix‡ì mvg‡b GK bZzb my‡hv‡Mi Øvi Ly‡j †Mj| wgkixq wk¶v eë¯’v n‡Z D×z× n‡q
G wm‡jevmwU cÖYxZ n‡qwQj Ges wgkixq eë¯’vwU M„nxZ n‡qwQj divmx wk¶v eë¯’v †_‡K| wgkbvixiv G
my‡hvMwU MÖnY K‡iwQj Ges Zv‡ì `„wó‡KvY ‡_‡K wk¶v Av‡›`vj‡b Kvh©Ki Ae`vb †i‡LwQj| G cÖwµqvi
gva¨‡g Zviv Zv‡ì cÖKvkbvi KvR we¯Z…— Ki‡Z m¶g nj| mewKQy Qvwo‡q wgkbvix Av‡›`vjb mvd‡jï gyL
†`L‡Z ïi“ Kij| Zviv Bmjvgx iv‡óªi bvMwiK‡ì a‡g©i ¯^vaxbZvi bv‡g ci¯ú‡ii cÖwZ †µv‡ai Av¸b cÖ¾¡wjZ Kij
Ges gymwjg, L„óvb I `ª“R ag©vej¤^x‡ì gv‡S AvKx`v m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ ag©xq Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z ïi“
Kij|
Beªvnxg cvkv hLb Avj kvg †_‡K wcQy nUj ZLb Aw¯’iZv, AvZ¼ Avi ˆbivR¨ Qwo‡q c‡owQj Ges RbM‡Yi gv‡S
e¨cK we‡f` m„wó n‡qwQj| we‡`kx cÖwZwbwae„›`, we‡klZ: wgkbvix cÖwZôvb¸‡jv Gi my‡hvM wbj| Avj kv‡g
Dmgvbx iv‡óªi `ye©j cÖfv‡ei my‡hv‡M Zviv bvMwiK‡ì gv‡S AšK©jn— D‡¯‹ w`‡Z jvMj| GK eQ‡ii gv_vq,
1841 mv‡j †jevb‡bi cve©Z¨ AÂ‡j L„óvb I BmgvBjx `vivRx m¤cÖ`v‡qi (druze) gv‡S gvivZ¥K †Mvj‡hvM Qwo‡q
coj| Ae¯’vi Av‡iv AebwZ NU‡j we‡`kx ivóª mg~‡ni Pv‡c I n¯‡¶‡c— Dmgvbx ivóª †jevb‡bi Rb¨ c„_K GKwU
kvmb eë¯’v cÖeZ©‡bi wm×vš— wb‡Z eva¨ nj| G eë¯’vq cÖ‡`kwU‡K `ywU c„_K fv‡M fvM K‡i †djv nj Ges
GK As‡k L„óvb m¤cÖ`vq I Ab¨ As‡k `vivRx (druze) m¤cÖ`v‡qi wbqš¿b cÖwZôv Kiv nj| Dmgvbx ivóª Dfq
cÖ‡`‡k GKRb
K‡i MfY©i wbhy³ Ki‡jb hv‡Z Dfq m¤cÖ`v‡qi gv‡S †Kvb we‡iva ev msNl© Gov‡bv m¤e¢ nq| G eë¯’vwU mdj
nqwb, KviY GwU wQj GKwU A¯^vfvweK mgvavb| Gmgq e„‡Ub I d«vÝ G‡Z mivmwi hy³ n‡q coj Ges †hLv‡bB
KZ©„c¶ mgm¨v mgvav‡bi †Póv KiwQj †mLv‡bB Zviv bvMwiK‡ì gv‡S weev` I msNvZ D‡¯‹ w`‡Z jvMj|
e„‡Ub I d«vÝ G msNv‡Zi ARynv‡Z †jevb‡bi Avf¨šixb— welq¸‡jv‡Z n¯‡¶c— Kiv ïi“ Kij| divmxiv gvIqvwib
K¨v_wjK L„óvb m¤cÖ`vq (maronites) Ges e„wUkiv `vivRx m¤cÖ`v‡qi c¶vej¤^b Kij| Gi gva¨‡g 1845 mv‡j bZzb
K‡i †Mvj‡hvM m„wó nj| G mgq `„k¨cU fqven AvKvi aviY K‡iwQj| Avµg‡bi b„ksmZv GZ e¨vcK AvKv‡i Qwo‡q
c‡owQj †h MxR©v, gV ch©š— i¶v cvqwb| ‡PŠh©e„wË, nZ¨v, jyÚb BZ¨vw` wbZ¨‰bwgwËK e¨cv‡i cwiYZ
n‡qwQj| G cwiw¯’wZ‡Z mgm¨vwUi GKwU ¯’vqx mgvav‡bi Rb¨ Dmgvbx ivóª Zvi ciivóª welqK `vwqZ¡cÖvß
cÖwZwbwa‡K ‡jevb‡b cvVv‡jv| wKš‘ wZwb D‡ËRbvi mvgwqK cÖkgb Qvov D‡jL‡hvM¨ †Kvb mvdj¨ AR©b
Ki‡Z cv‡ib wb| G w`‡K wgkbvixiv Zv‡ì Kvh©µg Av‡iv Nbxf~Z Kij| 1857 mv‡j gvIqvwib L„óvb m¤cÖ`vq
(maronite) wece I mk¯¿ msMÖv‡gi †NvlYv w`j| gvIqvwib ag©¸i“iv KlK‡ì… g‡a¨ Zv‡ì mvgš— cÖf~‡ì wei“‡×
wewl‡q Zzjj| djkÖ“wZ‡Z DËivÂ‡j Zviv GK fqven Avµg‡bi m~Pbv Kij| Gfv‡e GK i³¶qx wec‡ei ïi“ nj Ges Zv
`w¶‡YI Qwo‡q coj| L„óvb Kl‡Kiv… Zv‡ì `vivRx mvgšcÖfy‡ì— wei“‡× i“‡L `vovj Ges e„wUk I divmxiv Zv‡ì
wgÎ‡ì mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z jvMj| Gi djvdj¯îƒc †MvUv †jevb‡b M„n hy× (civil strife) Qwo‡q coj| `vivRx m¤cÖ`vq
wbwe©Pv‡i cv`ªx, mvaviY RbMY wbwe©‡k‡l L„óvb nZ¨v Ki‡Z ïi“ Kij| G msNv‡Zi d‡j nvRvi nvRvi †jvK
nZvnZ nj wKsev DØv¯‘ I M„nnxb n‡q coj|
Avj kvg Gi me©Î †Mvj‡hv‡Mi †XD Qwo‡q c‡owQj| `vgv¯‹v‡m gymwjg I L„óvb Awaevmx‡ì g‡a¨ Zxeª N„Yvi
wel Qov‡bv nw”Qj| Ae‡k‡l 1860 mv‡j gymwjgiv GKwU L„óvb †Rjv Avµgb K‡i em‡j GK i³¶qx msN‡l©i
m~ÎcvZ nq| G msN‡l©i mv‡_ hy³ n‡qwQj hyMcr MYjyÚb I aŸsmhÁ| G msNv‡Zi cwimgvwß NUv‡Z Dmgvbx
ivóª mvgwiK n¯‡¶c— Ki‡Z eva¨ nj| Gi d‡j hwÌ ev †jevb‡b kvwš— ¯’vcb Kiv m¤¢e nj, wKš‘ cwðgv lohš¿Kvix
ivóª¸‡jv Avj kvg G AbycÖ‡e‡ki Rb¨ G‡K GKwU my‡hvM wnmv‡e wbj| d‡j Zviv DcK‚‡j Zv‡ì iYZix mgv‡ek
Ki‡Z ïi“ Kij|
89
GKB eQ‡ii AMv‡÷ d«vÝ wece `gb Ki‡Z êi“‡Z Zv‡ì c`vwZK evwnbxi GKwU wWwfkb †cÖiY K‡iwQj| Gfv‡eB
†jevbb I wmwiqvq M„nhy‡×i gva¨‡g Dmgvbx iv‡óª Am‡švl— I msNvZ Qwo‡q †`qv n‡qwQj| Gi cÖavb KviY
wQj cwðgv ivóªmg~n, hviv eûw`b
†_‡KB Dmgvbx iv‡óªi Avf¨šixY— welq¸‡jv‡Z n¯‡¶‡ci— †Póv K‡i AvmwQj| Zviv G e¨vcv‡i mdj n‡qwQj Ges
Dmgvbx ivóª‡K eva¨ K‡iwQj wmwiqvi Rb¨ `ywU cÖ‡`‡k wef³ K‡i GKwU Avjv`v kvmb eë¯’v cÖeZ©b Ki‡Z
Ges †jevbb‡K we‡kl ¸i“Z¡ w`‡Z| G NUbvi gva¨‡gB †jevbb, Avj kvg †_‡K c„_K n‡q †Mj| ‡jevb‡bi Rb¨ ¯’vbxq
miKv‡ii gva¨‡g cwiPvwjZ ¯^vqË kvmb †`qv nj| G eë¯’vq miKvi cÖavb nj GKRb L„óvb †h ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡ì
cÖwZwbwa‡ì GKwU KvDwÝ‡ji mnvqZvq kvmb Kvh© cwiPvjbv K‡i|
ZLb †_‡KB we‡`kx kw³¸‡jv †jevb‡bi welq¸‡jv cwiPvjbv K‡i Avm‡Q Ges Zv‡ì Kv‡Ri g~j ‡K‡›`ª cwiYZ K‡i‡Q|
Gfv‡e †jevbb GKwU †mZz wnmv‡e KvR K‡i‡Q hvi gva¨‡g we‡`kx kw³ Dmgvbx ivóª Z_v Bmjvgx f~L‡Ûi Af¨š‡i
— cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Q|
Gw`‡K wgkbvixiv GKwU bZzb Kg©cš’v MÖnY Kij| wgkbvixiv ïaygvÎ ¯‹zj cÖwZôv, QvcvLvbv I wK¬wbK
¯’vcb K‡iB mš‘ó wQjbv, eis Zviv Zv‡ì g‡a¨ GKwU msN (G‡mvwm‡qkb) m„wói cwiKíbv MÖnY Kij| 1842 mv‡j
gvwK©b wgk‡bi c„ô‡cvlKZvq GKwU weÁvb msN ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ GKwU KwgwU MVb Kiv nj| G KwgwUi KvR
cÖvq cvuP eQi ¯’vqx n‡qwQj| Gi g‡a¨ Zviv GKwU msN m„wó Ki‡Z m¶g n‡qwQj hvi bvg wQj ÒweÁvb I wkí
msNÓ (Association of Arts and Sciences)| Gi m`m¨‡ì g‡a¨ wQj bvwmd Avj BqvwhRx,
Ges eyÎ“m Avj ey¯vbx,— (Avie‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ MwVZ weavq †jevbxR L„óvb‡ì Ašf©~³— Kiv n‡qwQj) Ges GjvB
w¯§_, K‡Y©wjqvm f¨vb WvBK I eªvBUb K‡Y©j PvwP©j| cÖ_‡g G ms‡Ni D‡Ïk¨ wQj A¯úó| Zviv eq¯‹‡ì I wkï
wK‡kvi‡ì ¯‹z‡j weÁvb wk¶v w`Z| Zviv eq¯‹ I wK‡kvi‡ì cwðgv ms¯‹wZ… ‡kLvi e¨vcv‡i DrmvwnZ KiZ Ges
Gfv‡e wgkbvix cwiKíbv Abyhvqx Zv‡ì gb I wPšvaviv‡K— M‡o ZzjwQj|
Aek¨ msNwUi wbijm cÖ‡Póvi ciI `y eQ‡i Zviv †MvUv kvg AÂ‡j gvÎ cÂvk Rb m`m¨‡K `‡j Uvb‡Z m¶g n‡qwQj|
Zviv mK‡jB wQj L„óvb, we‡klZ êi“Z AÂ‡ji Awaevmx| †Kvb gymwjg wKsev `vivRx m¤cÖ`vq Zv‡ì `‡j ZL‡bv
†hvM †`qwb| Zv‡ì KvR m¤cÖmvwiZ I Z¡ivwš^Z Ki‡Z e¨cK cÖ‡Póv m‡ËI Lye GKUv mdj nw”Qj bv| cvuP eQ‡ii
gv_vq G msNwUi Aejywß N‡U| Gi gv‡S Zviv D‡jL‡hvM¨ †Kvb mvdj¨ bv †c‡jI wgkbvix‡ì gv‡S Av‡iv
A‡bK¸‡jv msN ˆZixi AvKvsLv m„wó n‡qwQj| Kv‡RB 1850 mv‡j Av‡iKwU msN ¯’vwcZ nj Ges Gi bvg †`qv
n‡qwQj ÒcÖvP¨ msNÓ (oriental association). divmx Cmvqx m‡•Ni hvRK †nbwi †`‡eªvwb‡qi AwffveK‡Z¡ I
mn‡hvwMZvq L„óvb m`m¨‡ì wb‡q CmvqxMY (Jesuits) G msNwU cÖwZôv K‡ib| GwU Zvi c~e©eZ©x
ÒweÁvb I wkí ms‡NiÓ c_ AbymiY K‡iwQj Ges ¯^í mgq ci GwUI †f‡½ hvq|
Gici Av‡iv †ek KwU msN ¯’vwcZ nq wKš‘ Zv‡ì meKwUB e¨_©Zvi †evSv gv_vq wb‡q Acm„Z nq| 1857 mv‡j
GKwU bZzb msN cÖwZwôZ nq hviv GKUz wfbœ c×wZ Aej¤^b K‡iwQj| Gi mKj m`m¨B wQj Avie Ges G‡Z
†Kvb we‡`kx m`m¨‡K Ašf©~³— Kiv nqwb| Gevi Zv‡ì cÖ‡Póv mvd‡jï gyL ‡`Lj Ges wKQy gymwjg I `vivRx
m¤cÖ`v‡qi †jvKI Zv‡ì ms‡N †hvM w`j| G msNwU Zv‡ì MÖnb K‡iwQj, KviY Zviv mevB wQj Avie| Gi bvg
†`qv nj, Òwmixq weÁvb msNÓ (Syrian Science Association)| msNwU Zv‡ì
Kv‡R mvdj¨ †c‡Z ïi“ Kij Ges we‡`kx m`m¨ bv _vKvq Avie‡ì wbKU MÖnb ‡hvM¨Zv †cj| Gi m`mïv bZzb
m`m¨‡ì Ašf©~³— Ki‡Z jvMj, Zviv wewfbœ †¶‡Î mg_©b †c‡Z jvMj Ges µ‡g Gi m`m¨ msL¨v GKkZ cÂv‡k
DbœxZ nj| Gi cÖkvmvwbK e¨w³e‡M©i g‡a¨ wKQy cÖL¨vZ Avie e¨w³Z¡ wQj, †hgb `vivRx m¤cÖ`v‡qi ga¨ †_‡K
†gvnv¤§` Avimvjvb, gymwjg‡ì ga¨ †_‡K ûmvBb evqnvg| Avie L„óvb m¤ú`ªvq †_‡KI A‡b‡K †hvM w`j| Zv‡ì
g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg wQj eyÎ“m ey¯vbxi— mšvb— Beªvnxg Avj BqvwhRx| G msNwU Ab¨vb¨ ms‡Ni †P‡q †ekx mgq
¯’vqx n‡qwQj| Gi Kg©m~Pxi cwiKíbv Kiv n‡qwQj Avie RvZxqZvev` †K cÖ¾¡wjZ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨| Aek¨ weÁv‡bi
†gvo‡K Gi ¸ß D‡Ïk¨wU wQj Dcwb‡ekev` I wgkbvixi cÖmvi| GwU cwðgv ms¯‹wZ… I wk¶v we¯v‡ii— Rb¨
GKwU Qvqv msMVb wnmv‡e KvR KiwQj|
1875 mv‡j ‰ei“‡Z Ò¸ß msNÓ (secret association) bv‡g GKwU msN cÖwZwôZ nq| GwU g~jZ ivR‰bwZK wPšv
— aviYvi Dci wfwË K‡i cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj| GwU Avie RvZxqZvev‡ì aviYvwU D‡¯‹ w`‡Z ïi“ Kij| Gi
cÖwZôvZv wQj êi“Z †cÖv‡U÷¨v›U K‡j‡Ri cuvPRb Zi“Y| Giv mK‡jB wQj L„óvb, hv‡ì wgkbvix msMVb¸‡jv
cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z †c‡iwQj| cÖwZôvi ci Zviv Aí msL¨K m`m¨ `‡j wbj| G msNwU Zv‡ì wjd‡jU I †NvlYvc‡Îi gva¨‡g
Avie RvZxqZvev‡ì WvK w`j Ges Zviv Avie‡ì, we‡klZ wmixq I †jevbxR‡ì, ivR‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZvi `vex Zzjj|
Aek¨ G‡ì cÖKZ… KvR I Kg©m~Px G‡Kev‡iB wfbœ D‡Ïk¨‡K †K›`ª K‡i cwiPvwjZ nZ| Giv gvby‡li Aš‡i— A™
¢~Z AvKvsLv I wg_¨v Avkvi Rb¥ w`‡Z jvMj| Zviv Avie RvZxqZvev`‡i cÖwZ AvnŸvb KiZ Ges Dmgvbx ivóª‡K
ZzK©x ivóª wnmv‡e †NvlYv K‡i Gi we‡ivwaZv

90
†K DrmvwnZ KiZ| GwU ivóª †_‡K ag©‡K c„_K Kivi Rb¨ KvR KiwQj Ges Avie RvZxqZvev`‡K Rxe‡bi wfwË
wnmv‡e cÖPvi Ki‡Z jvMj| G msNwU me©`v Avie RvZxqZvev`‡K D‡aŸ© Zz‡j aiZ| `vwqZ¡cÖvßiv mK‡jB Zv‡ì
mvwnZ¨ I ‡jLbx‡Z ZzK©x‡ì Avie‡ì wbKU †_‡K Bmjvgx wLjvdZ wQwb‡q †bqv, Bmjvgx kixqvn jsNb I
Øxb‡K Aegvbbv Kivi Rb¨ `vqx KiZ| G ‡_‡K msNwUi cÖKZ… PwiÎ I D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ nIqv hvq Ges Zv
n‡”Q Bmjvgx iv‡óªi wec‡¶ GKai‡Yi Am‡švl— m„wó Kiv| Giv Øxb m¤ú‡K© m‡›`n I nZvkv m„wó KiZ Ges A
‰bmjvwgK g~jbxwZi wfwË‡Z ivR‰bwZK Av‡›`vjb cÖwZôvi my‡hvM LuyRZ| cÖKZc‡¶… cwðgv kw³ivB G
Av‡›`vjb¸‡jv ïi“ K‡iwQj| ZvivB G‡ì cÖwZwôZ K‡iwQj, Zv‡ì ch©‡e¶Y KiZ I Zv‡ì cwiPvjbv KiZ| Zviv Zv‡ì
Kvh©µg m¤ú‡K© weeiYx wjLZ| D`vniY ¯îƒc, 1880mv‡ji 28 RyjvB, êi“‡Z wbhy³ e„wUk Kbmvj, Zvi miKv‡ii
wbKU GKwU †UwjMÖvg cvVvq hv‡Z ejv nq, Òwecex wjd‡j‡Ui weZiY ïi“ n‡q‡Q| Drm wnmv‡e wgRvZ‡K
m‡›`n Kiv n‡”Q| Zv m‡Ë¡I Ae¯’v kvš— i‡q‡Q| WvK‡hv‡M we¯vwiZ— Rvbvb n‡e|Ó
êi“‡Zi iv¯vq— GKwU wjd‡jU wewj I ‡`qv‡j jvMv‡bvi ci GB †UwjMÖvgwU cvVv‡bv n‡qwQj| Gici ‰ei“Z I
`vgv¯‹v‡m wbhy³ e„wUk KbmvjMY †ek wKQy wPwV cvVvq|
G wPwV¸‡jvi mv‡_ wQj ms‡Ni m`m¨‡ì wewjKZ… wjd‡j‡Ui Kwc| GwU GKwU h_v © Z_¨cÖgvY hv †_‡K
¯úóZ: cÖZxqgvb nq †h, Avj kvg G Zv‡ì Kvh©µg ïi“ Kiv †cÖv‡U÷¨v›U K‡j‡Ri Av‡›`vjbwU Zv‡ì cwiKíbv wQj|
Avj kvg AÂ‡jB ms‡Ni Kvh©µg †ekx cwijw¶Z nZ| Aek¨ Ab¨vb¨ Avie Aa¨~wlZ AÂ‡jI G‡ì Kvh©µg PjwQj| 1882
mv‡j †RÏvq wbhy³ e„wUk Kwgkbv‡ii Zvi miKv‡ii Kv‡Q †jLv wPwV †_‡K GwU ¯úó n‡q D‡V| Avie Av‡›`vjb
m¤ú‡K© ‡m wj‡L, ÒAvgvi Kv‡Q G Lei †cuŠ‡Q‡Q †h, GgbwK g°vqI wKQy wKQy eyw×Rxwe ¯^vaxbZv wb‡q
K_v ej‡Z ïi“ K‡i‡Q| Avwg hv ï‡bwQ Zv †_‡K g‡b n‡”Q bvR&‡ì mv‡_ `yB b`xi gaëZ©x f~LÛ A_©vr `w¶Y
BivK‡K GKwÎZ Kivi GKwU cwiKíbv ‡bqv n‡q‡Q †hLv‡b gbmyi cvkv‡K wb‡qvM †`qv n‡e Ges ÕAvmxi I
B‡q‡gb †K GKwÎZ K‡i Avjx Be‡b Avwe` †K Zvi kvmK wbhy³ Kiv n‡e|Ó
G welq¸‡jv‡Z ïaygvÎ e„‡UbB AvMÖnx wQj bv eis d«vÝI Mfxi AvMÖn cÖKvk KiwQj| 1882 mv‡j êi“‡Z wbhy³
GKRb divmx Kg©KZ©v divmx D‡Ø‡Mi K_v Rvbvq GB e‡j,
Ò¯^vaxbZvi †PZbv Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q Ges Avwg ‰ei“‡Z _vKvKvjxb mg‡q gymwjg hyeK‡ì ¯‹zj I wK¬wbK ¯’vcb
Ges †`‡ki cybR©vMi‡Yi Kv‡R GKvMÖZv j¶¨ K‡iwQ| GLv‡b †h welqwU D‡jL Kiv cÖ‡qvRb Zv n‡”Q G
Av‡›`vjbwU †h †Kvb Dc`jxq cÖfve †_‡K gy³| G ms‡N L„óvb m`m¨‡ì ¯^vMZ Rvbv‡bv nq Ges RvZxqZvev`x
Av‡›`vj‡b Zv‡ì Dci wbf©i Kiv nq|Ó
evM`v` †_‡K GKRb divmx wj‡LwQj,
ÒAvwg †hLv‡bB wM‡qwQ †mLv‡bB GKB gvÎvi GKwU mvaviY Abyf~wZ j¶¨ K‡iwQ Ges Zv n‡”Q ZzK©x‡ì
cÖwZ we‡Øl| GB Zxeª we‡Ølc~Y© Ae¯’v n‡Z DËi‡Yi Rb¨ mgwóMZ KvR ïi“i Rb¨ GKwU aviYv cÖYq‡bi KvR
Pj‡Q| w`M‡š— GKwU Avie RvZxqZvev` Av‡›`vjb `vbv euva‡Q Ges AwP‡iB Zv AvZ¥cÖKvk Ki‡Z hv‡”Q| GB
RvwZ, hviv `xN©Kvj hver ‡kvwlZ n‡q‡Q Zviv gymwjg we‡k¦ Zv‡ì ¯^vfvweK gh©v`vi `vex Zzj‡Z hv‡”Q Ges
we‡k¦i fwel¨r w`K wb‡`©kbv w`‡Z hv‡”Q|Ó
ag© I weÁv‡bi bv‡g GB wgkbvix Kvh©µg ïaygvÎ hy³ivóª, d«vÝ I e„‡U‡bi AvKl©‡Yi †K›`ªwe›`y‡ZB mxgve×
_v‡Kwb, eis Av‡iv eû`yi Qwo‡q wM‡qwQj Ges AwaKvsk A‰bmjvgxK ivóª¸‡jv‡ZI Zv‡ì Kvh©cwiwa we¯Z…
— K‡iwQj| Gi g‡a¨ wQj Rv‡ii kvmbvaxb ivwkqv KZ©K… †cÖwiZ wgkbvix Awfhvb Ges cÖ“wkqv (Rvg©vbx)
KZ©„K wewfbœ wgkbvix Kv‡R †cÖwiZ GK`j †mweKv (Kï‡Wi mbœvmxwb)| wewfbœ wgkbvix I cwðgv
cÖwZwbwae„‡›ì g‡a¨ gZ‡f`, ivR‰bwZK Kvh©µ‡gi wfbœZv _vKv m‡Ë¡I Zv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ I j¶¨ wQj GK I Awfbœ|
Zv n‡”Q cÖv‡P¨ L„óa‡g©i cÖPvi, cwðgv ms¯‹wZi… cÖmvi Ges gymwjg‡ì gv‡S Zv‡ì Øxb m¤ú‡K© m‡›`n
m„wó Kiv, wZ³Zv Qwo‡q †`qv, Zv‡ì BwZnv‡mi cÖwZ AeÁv m~PK `„wóf½x ˆZix Kiv Ges cwðg I cwðgv‡ì
Rxeb hvÎv m¤ú‡K© cÖksmv Ki‡Z cÖ‡ivwPZ Kiv|
wgkbvixiv Bmjvg I gymwjg‡ì cÖwZ Zxeª N„Yv wb‡q Zv‡ì ag©cÖPvi Ae¨nZ †i‡LwQj| Zviv Bmjvgx ms¯‹wZ…
I Bmjvgx RxebhvÎv‡K AeÁv K‡i, gymwjg‡ì cðv`c` I ee©i wnmv‡e wPwýZ K‡i‡Q hv cÖvq cÖwZwU
BD‡ivcxqv‡bi Amy¯’ we‡ePbv jä gZvg‡Z cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡b Avgv‡ì f~L‡Û Awek¦vm I Dcwb‡ekev‡ì
e¨vcK we¯wZ…— Zv‡ì mvdj¨‡KB cÖwZdwjZ K‡i|
91
µz‡mWvi‡ì we‡Øl:
1896 mv‡j GKRb cÖL¨vZ divmx †jLK, KvD›U †nbwi ‡`¨vKvw¯¿ Zvi iwPZ ÒBmjvgÓ kxl©K MÖ‡š’ wj‡L‡Q,
ÒAvwg Kíbv Ki‡Z cvwibv gymwjgiv wK fve‡e hw` Zviv ga¨hyMxq DcK_v ¸‡jv ïb‡Z †cZ Ges Rvb‡Z cviZ †h,
L„óvbiv Zv‡ì wb‡q
wK ai‡Yi QovMvb (‡¯vÎMxZ)— iPbv KiZ! Avgv‡ì mKj QovMvb, GgbwK 12k kZ‡Ki c~‡e©i QovMvb¸‡jvI
GKwUgvÎ aviYv †_‡K weKwkZ n‡qwQj Ges µz‡m‡Wi wcQ‡b cÖavb f~wgKv †i‡LwQj| GmKj †¯—vÎMxZ¸‡jv
Bmjvg a‡g©i cÖwZ m¤ú~Y© AÁZv I gymwjg‡ì cÖwZ Pig we‡Ø‡l cwic~Y© wQj| G mKj QovMvb¸‡jvi myev‡`
BD‡iv‡ci gvby‡li Aš‡i— Bmjvg a‡g©i cÖwZ Zxeª N„Yv †Mu‡_ wM‡qwQj| GKai‡Yi weaŸsmx aviYv Zv‡ì
Aš‡ii— Mfx‡ii †cÖvw_Z n‡qwQj Ges hv Av‡Rv Zv‡ì gv‡S we`¨gvb| cÖ‡Z¨‡KB gymwjg‡ì gykwiK,
Awek¦vmx, g~wZ©cyRvix I ag©Z¨vMKvix (gyiZv`) wnmv‡e we‡ePbv KiZ|Ó
Gfv‡eB L„óvb ag©¸i“iv BD‡iv‡c gymwjg I Zv‡ì Øxb m¤ú‡K© cÖPviYv PvjvZ| ga¨hy‡Mi Awf‡hvM¸‡jv wQj
fq¼i Ges Zv gymwjg‡ì wei“‡× Zxeª N„Yv I kÎ“Zvi Av¸b cÖ¾¡j‡b eëüZ nZ| Gi cÖfv‡e †MvUv BD‡ivc Av”Qbœ
n‡qwQj Ges Gi d‡jB µz‡mWvi hy× msNwUZ n‡qwQj| L„óvb‡ì nv‡Z Pigfv‡e civwRZ I Ac`¯’ nevi cÖvq `yBkZ
eQi ci gymwjgiv Avevi 15k kZvãx‡Z cwðgv‡ì wei“‡× wRZ‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQj Ges Bmjvgx ivóª KÝUvw›U‡bv‡cvj
Rq Ki‡Z m¶g nq| Gici 16k kZvãx‡Z gymwjgiv `w¶Y I c~e© BD‡ivc Rq K‡i †bq Ges †mLvbKvi gvby‡li Kv‡Q
Bmjvg‡K wb‡q hvq| Avj‡ewbqv, hy‡Mv¯vwfqv, eyj‡Mwiqv I Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki j¶ j¶ gvbyl Bmjvg MÖnb K‡i|
µz‡mWvi‡ì we‡Øl I kÎ“Zv c~bivq gv_v Pvov w`‡q D‡V Ges Iwi‡q›Uvwj÷ aviYv weKwkZ n‡Z ïi“ K‡i| Gi j¶¨
wQj gymwjg †mbvevwnbxi †gvKv‡ejv Kiv, Bmjv‡gi AMÖhvÎv iwnZ Kiv Ges gymwjg‡ì ûgwK Le© Kiv|
BD‡ivcxqvb‡ì Aš‡ii— Mfx‡i †cÖvw_Z GB kÎ“Zv, BD‡iv‡ci mKj L„óvb‡ì gymwjg f~L‡Û weÁvb I ms¯‹wZi…
bv‡g wgkbvix‡ì cvVv‡bvi e¨vcv‡i KwirKg©v K‡i Zz‡jwQj| G wgkb¸‡jv ¯‹zj, wK¬wbK, msN I K¬ve MV‡bi
gva¨‡g cwiPvwjZ nw”Qj| BD‡ivcxqvbiv Zv‡ì mg¯— m¤ú` I mgMÖ cÖ‡Póv wgkbvix‡ì wcQ‡b e¨q Ki‡Z ïi“ Kij|
Zv‡ì Kg©cš’v (cwjwm) I j‡¶ï wfbœZv _vKv m‡Ë¡I Zviv Zv‡ì mg¯— cÖ‡Póv I Kg©c×wZ‡K HKë× Ki‡Z m¶g
n‡qwQj| ‡h‡nZz G¸‡jv Zv‡ì Kbmvj, ivóª`~Z (G¤^vmvWvi), cÖwZwbwa I wgkbvix‡ì gva¨‡g cwiPvwjZ
nw”Q&b ZvB wgkbvix Kvh©µ‡gi wcQ‡b ivó&ª I RbMY GK n‡q wM‡qwQj|
cwðgv‡ì Aš‡ii— µz‡mWvi‡ì we‡Øl I N„Yv mh‡Zœ jvwjZ nw”Qj, we‡klZ BD‡ivc I e„‡Ub evmx‡ì Aš‡i|—
Zv‡ì g‡bi Mfxi jvwjZ fqven kÎ“Zv I †bvsiv wPšvavivi— Avgv‡ì gvZf~wg‡Z… Avgv‡ì Pig jvÃbvi g~j KviY
wnmv‡e KvR K‡iwQj| 1917 mv‡j ‡Rbv‡ij G‡jbwe Avj-Kz`m G cÖ‡ek K‡i †NvlYv Kij,
ÒïaygvÎ AvRB µz‡m‡Wi cwimgvwß NUj|Ó
GwU wQj Zvi Abyf~wZi GK mvaviY ewn:cÖKvk gvÎ| G †_‡K gymwjg‡ì wei“‡× Zvi Ges cÖwZwU
BD‡ivcxqv‡bi Aš‡i— jvwjZ N„Yv I `yóeyw× ¯úó n‡q hvq| GwU Zv‡ì cÖwZwU hy‡×i - mvs¯‹wZK… wKsev
mvgwiK- g~j PvwjKvkw³ wnmv‡e KvR K‡i‡Q| Avjvn myenvbyIqvZvÕjv e‡j‡Qb,
ÒZv‡ì gy‡L we‡Øl cÖKvk cvq Ges Zv‡ì ü`q hv †Mvcb iv‡L Zv Av‡iv ¸i“Zi|Ó [Avwj-Bgivb, 3:118]
m‡›`nvZxZ fv‡eB G‡jbwe hv e‡jwQj Zv `ytLRbK Ges Zvi †`k e„‡Ub hv jvjb KiwQj Zv Av‡iv ¸i“Zi| cÖwZwU
BD‡ivcxqv‡bi Rb¨B GK_v cÖ‡hvR¨|
µz‡m‡Wi w`b¸‡jv †_‡K ïi“ K‡i AvR ch©š— N„Yv I we‡Øl weivR K‡i‡Q Ges Av‡Rv Zv‡ì Pµvš— Ae¨nZ
Av‡Q| Avgiv AvR ivR‰bwZK w`K¸‡jvi mv‡_ mv‡_ AZ¨vPvi, Acgvb, Dcwb‡ek I ‡kvl‡Yi †h iƒc cÖZ¨¶ KiwQ
Zv A`¨vewa gymwjg‡ì cÖwZ Zv‡ì wbg©g cÖwZ‡kva MÖn‡YiB Ask| Aek¨B GwU we‡klfv‡e gymwjg‡ì
D‡Ï‡k¨B cwiPvwjZ|
wjI‡cvì I‡qBm, ÒBmjvg GU `¨ µm‡ivW&mÓ eB‡Z wj‡L‡Q, ÒwbðqB †i‡bmvu ev weÁvb I BD‡ivcxq wk‡íi
c~YR©vMiY, Bmjvg I Avie Dr‡mi wbKU FYx| GwU cwðg I c~‡e©i gv‡S GKwU e¯‘MZ ms‡hvM ˆZix K‡iwQj|
ev¯weKB— BD‡ivc Bmjvgx we‡k¦i KvQ †_‡K e¨vcK DcKZ… n‡qwQj, wKš‘ Zviv KL‡bvB GB DcKv‡ii K_v
¯§iY iv‡Lwb wKsev ¯^xKwZI… †`qwb; Zviv Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ we‡Ø‡li gvÎv
92
Kwg‡q †Kvbiƒc KZÁZvI… ‡`Lvqwb| e¯‘Z: w`b w`b Zv‡ì GB N„&Yvi gvÎv Mfxi I Zxeª n‡q‡Q Ges GK mgq Zv
wbqš¿‡Yi evB‡i P‡j †M‡Q| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ GB N„Yv RbwcÖqZv †c‡q‡Q Ges cÖwZevi gymwjg kãwU D”Pvi‡Yi
mv‡_ mv‡_ Zv Zv‡ì gv‡S Zxeª cÖwZwµqvi m„wó nq| esk ci¤úivq GB N„Yv cÖwZwU BD‡ivcxq bvix cyi“‡li
GK Awe‡”Q`¨ As‡k cwiYZ n‡q‡Q, Ges Zv‡ì gb I gM‡Ri Mfx‡i ‡cÖvw_Z n‡q †M‡Q| me‡P‡q we¯§qKi e¨vcvi
n‡”Q, me ai‡Yi mvs¯‹wZK… cwieZ©‡bi ciI Zv Zv‡ì gv‡S Av‡Rv RxweZ i‡q‡Q| Gici ag©xq ms¯‹v‡ii GKwU
mgq G‡mwQj hLb BD‡ivc wewfbœ †MvÎ I m¤cÖ`v‡q fvM n‡q †Mj| Zviv _vKZ ci¯ú‡ii wei“‡× iY mv‡R mw¾Z,
jovB‡q Db¥yL| wKš‘ ZL‡bv cÖwZwU †Mv‡Îi gv‡S Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ GKB gvÎvi Zxeª we‡Øl I kÎ“Zv cwijw¶Z n‡Z
jvMj| mg‡qi cwiµgvq `ª“Z ag©xq Db¥v`bv ¤vb n‡q †Mj wKš‘ Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ Zv‡ì GKB iKg Zxeª N„Yv eRvq
iBj| Gi GKwU D¾¡j `„óvš— n‡”Q divmx `vk©wbK I Kwe, fj‡Uqvi| hwÌ †m L„óxq wek¦vm I MxR©vi cÖwZ
kÎ“fvevcbœ wQj, wKš‘ GKB mv‡_ †m Bmjvg I Bmjv‡gi ivmy‡ji cÖwZ Abyiƒc N„Yv I J×Z¨ cÖKvk KiZ| Gi
K‡qK `kK ci cwðgv eyw×Rxweiv we‡`kx ms¯‹wZ… wb‡q M‡elYv Ki‡Z ïi“ Kij Ges Zv‡ì gv‡S GKai‡Yi
D`vigb¯‹ I mnvbyf~wZkxj `„wóf½xi Rb¥ wb‡qwQj| wKš‘ hLbB Bmjv‡gi K_v AvmZ ZLbB Zv‡ì êÁvwbK
M‡elYvq cyi‡bv †¶vf I m¼xY©Zv cÖ‡ek KiZ| BD‡ivc I Bmjvgx we‡k¦i gv‡S BwZnv‡mi †h eëavb iwPZ
n‡qwQj Zv Avi KL‡bvB †Rvov jv‡Mwb Ges Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ we‡Øl BD‡ivcxq wPšv— †PZbvi GK Awe‡”Q`¨
As‡k cwiYZ n‡q‡Q|Ó
Dc‡i D‡jwLZ wel‡qi Dci wfwË K‡iB wgkbvix msMVb¸‡jv MwVZ n‡qwQj| Zv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ wQj L„óa‡g©i cÖPvi
Ges gymwjg‡ì gv‡S Zv‡ì Øxb m¤ú‡K© m‡›`n m„wó Kiv; Gi gva¨‡g Zv‡ì Aš‡i— m¼xY©Zvi Rb¥ †`qv I Zv‡ì
e¨_©Zvi Rb¨ Bmjvg‡KB `vqx Kiv|
Ab¨w`‡K GmKj msMV‡bi ivR‰bwZK D‡ÏkÏ wQj| Dfqw`K †_‡K Gi djvdj wQj AmgvbycvwZK I fqven|
wgkbvix Av‡›`vjb cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj, Kzrmv iUbvi gva¨‡g Bmjvg‡K gy‡Q †djvi D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q| Gi mv‡_ †hvM
n‡qwQj mgm¨v m„wó K‡i Bmjvg I Bmjv‡gi weavb m¤ú‡K© åvš— aviYvi AeZviYv Kiv, gvbyl‡K Avjvni c‡_
Pj‡Z evavi m„wó Kiv Ges gymwjg‡ì Zv‡ì Øxb †_‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i †djv| wgkbvix Av‡›`vj‡bi ci Gj
Iwi‡q›Uvwj÷ Av‡›`vjb, hv‡ì j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ wQj GK I Awfbœ|
mgMÖ BD‡ivce¨vcx Zv‡ì cÖ‡Póv I m¤ú` HKë× K‡i Zviv wØZxqev‡ii gZ Bmjv‡gi wei“‡× µz‡mW †NvlYv
K‡iwQj| GwU wQj GKai‡Yi mvs¯‹wZK… hy×| GwU cwiPvwjZ n‡qwQj BwZg‡a¨B Bmjvgx weavb, g~j¨‡eva I
gymwjg‡ì BwZnvm †_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡q cov gymwjg‡ì gb‡K KjywlZ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨| êÁvwbK M‡elYv I
êÁvwbK ¯^”QZvi †`vnvB w`‡q Zviv Bmjvg I Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm weKZ… K‡i gymwjg hyeK‡ì gw¯—®‹‡K
welv³ K‡i Zz‡jwQj| cÖKZc‡¶… Acms¯‹wZi… GB welv³ †Qvej µz‡mWvi‡ì hy‡×i †P‡qI fq¼i wQj| wgkbvixiv
weÁvb I gvbeZvi bv‡g Zv‡ì welv³ cyuwZMÜgq AveR©bv Qwo‡q w`‡Z jvMj| Zviv G KvR¸‡jv KiZ
Iwi‡q›UvwjRg Gi bv‡g| I‡qBm e‡j‡Q,
Òev¯eZv— n‡”Q, AvaywbK hy‡Mi cÖ_g Iwi‡q›Uvwj÷ wQj L„óvb wgkbvix, hviv gymwjg †`k¸‡jv‡Z KvR
KiwQj| Zviv D‡Ïk¨cÖ‡Yvw`Z fv‡e Bmjvgx wk¶v I BwZnvm‡K weKZ… K‡iwQj, `¶Zvi mv‡_ BD‡ivcxq‡ì gv‡S
gymwjg‡ì m¤ú‡K© ‡bwZevPK cÖwZwµqv I cÖfve m„wó K‡iwQj| Zv‡ì fvlvq gymwjgiv wQj gywZ©c~Rvix|
wgkbvix‡ì cÖfve †_‡K Iwi‡q›Uvwj÷ M‡elYv cieZ©x‡Z gy³ n‡q †M‡jI Zv‡ì GB weKZ… aviYv Ae¨nZ wQj|
hwÌ ev Iwi‡q›Uvwj÷ M‡elYv‡K †h‡Kvb ag©xq I AÁZvi Kzms¯‹vi †_‡K gy³ `vex Kiv nq, wKš‘ cÖKZc‡¶…
Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ Iwi‡q›Uvwj÷‡ì êwiZv Zv‡ì DËivwaKvim~‡Î cÖvß mnRvZ cÖe„wËiB Ask Ges GwU D™¢~Z
n‡q‡Q µy‡mWvi‡ì hy‡×i cÖfve †_‡K|Ó
GB DËvivwaKvi my‡Î cÖvß êwiZvB cwðgv‡ì Aš‡i— gymwjg‡ì wei“‡× N„Yv I we‡Øl wRB‡q †i‡L‡Q|
GwUB Bmjvg‡K GgbwK gymwjg †`k ¸‡jv‡ZI gymwjg ev Agymwjg mevi wbKU RyRy wnmv‡e wPwÎZ K‡i
‡i‡L‡Q| Zv‡ì `„wó‡Z Bmjvg gvbeZvi AMÖhvÎv‡K aŸsmKvix GK Aïf kw³| cÖKZc‡¶… GwU Bmjvg m¤ú‡K©
Zv‡ì cÖKZ… Avk¼v‡K †Mvcb Kivi cÖqvmgvÎ| Zviv Rv‡b †h mwZ¨B Bmjvg hw` gvby‡li Aš‡i— I wPšvq—
Mfx‡i †cÖvw_Z nq Z‡e Zv Awek¦vmx Dcwb‡ekev`x kw³i cZ‡bi W¼v evwR‡q †`‡e Ges Bmjvgx iv‡óªi
cÖZ¨veZ©b c~bivq wek¦evmxi Kv‡Q Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ e‡q wb‡q hv‡e| BbkvAvjvn, Aek¨B GwU c~bivq wd‡i
Avm‡e, Ges Zv n‡e gvbeZv I cwð‡gi g½jv‡_©B| wgkbvix‡ì KvR Ae‡k‡l Zv‡ì `ytL I †e`bvi KviY n‡q `vov‡e|
Avjvn myenvbyIqv ZvÕjv e‡j‡Qb,
ÒAvjvnÕi c_ †_‡K †jvK‡ì wbe„Ë Kivi Rb¨ Kvwdiiv ab-m¤ú` e¨q K‡i, Zviv ab-m¤ú` e¨q Ki‡ZB _vK‡e; AZ:ci Zv
Zv‡ì gb¯v‡ci— KviY n‡e,Ó [Avj Avbdvj: 8:36]
DËvivwaKvi m~‡Î cÖvß êixZv Bmjvg we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi Ab¨Zg mnvqK| Avcbviv †`L‡eb, cwðgv cwÛZMY
†Kvbiƒc we‡Øl I m¼xY©Zv QvovB ZvIev`, wn›`yag©, †eŠ×ag© wKsev mgvRZš¿ wb‡q M‡elYv K‡i| wKš‘ Zviv
hLb Bmjvg wb‡q M‡elYv K‡i, ZLb Zv‡ì

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gv‡S ‡bvsivwg, N„Yv, Ges m¼xY©Zv gv_v Pvov w`‡q D‡V| A_P gymwjgMY Awek¦vmx Dcwb‡ekev`x‡ì
wbKU BwZg‡a¨B civwRZ n‡q‡Q| Dcwb‡ekev`x‡ì mnvqZvq, cwðgv ag©hvRK‡kªYx GL‡bv mwµqfv‡e
Bmjv‡gi wei“‡× lohš¿ K‡i hv‡”Q Ges Zviv KL‡bvB Bmjvg I gymwjg m¤ú‡K© Kzrmv iUbv, gnvbex nhiZ
gynv¤§` (mt) I Zvi mvnvex‡ì Aegvbbv Ges Bmjvg I gymwjg‡ì BwZnvm‡K weKZ… Kiv
†_‡K weiZ n‡ebv| wbg©g cÖwZ‡kva MÖnb I Dcwb‡ekev`x‡ì _vev‡K Av‡iv `„p Ki‡Z Zv‡ì GB wbijm cÖ‡Póv
Ae¨nZ ‡_‡K‡Q Ges _vK‡e|
wgkbvix Avµg‡bi cÖfve:
Bmjvgx wek¦‡K cÖ_‡g mvs¯‹wZK… I cieZ©x‡Z ivR‰bwZK fv‡e civf~Z Kivi wcQ‡b BD‡ivcxq Dcwb‡ekev‡ì
mvd‡jï wcQ‡b wgkbvix Avµgb AMÖYx f~wgKv ‡i‡LwQj| cÖ_‡g B¯v¤^yj— I cieZ©x‡Z ejKvb weR‡qi gva¨‡g
gymwjgiv cwð‡gi ivóª¸‡jv‡Z Bmjvgx eyw×e„wËK †bZZ¡‡K… e‡q wb‡q wM‡qwQj| hLb GB †bZ‡Z¡… NyY aij,
ZLb gymwjg †`k¸‡jv cwðgv‡ì mnR j¶ë¯‘‡Z cwiYZ nj| GiB djkÖ“wZ‡Z Zviv µgvMZ Zv‡ì eyw×e„wËK †bZZ…
¡ e‡q wb‡q hvw”Qj gymwjg fy~LÛ¸‡jv‡Z hviv BwZg‡a¨B Zv‡ì ms¯‹wZ… I Rxeb m¤úwK©Z aviYv we¯v‡ii—
De©i †¶‡Î cwiYZ n‡qwQj| gymwjg fyLÛ¸‡jv‡Z weÁvb, gvbeZv Ges ag©xq evYx cÖPv‡ii QÙvei‡Y GmKj a¨vb
aviYvi exR ecb Kiv nw”Qj| cwðgviv ïaygvÎ GLv‡bB †_‡g _v‡Kwb, Zviv Bmjvgx ms¯‹wZ… I Rxeb‡eva
m¤ú‡K© Kzrmv iUbvi gva¨‡g Bmjv‡gi wei“‡× Zv‡ì Avµgb Pvwj‡q hvw”Qj| Giƒc cÖPviYv wkw¶Z †kªbx I
ivRbxwZwe`‡ì Dci †bwZevPK cÖfve †d‡jwQj| e¯‘Z hviv Bmjvgx ms¯‹wZ… enb KiwQj Zv‡ì Dci GwU Mfxi
cÖfve we¯vi— K‡iwQj Ges µgk GwU AwaKvsk gymwj‡gi DciB cÖfve we¯vi— K‡iwQj|
wkw¶Z †jvK‡ì Rb¨ Dcwb‡ekev`xiv `L‡ji c~‡e©B wgkbvix ¯‹z‡ji cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡iwQj| `Lj`vwiZ¡ ¯’vc‡bi ci
Ab¨vb¨ ¯‹zj¸‡jv‡ZI Zv‡ì wbw`©ó `k©b I ms¯‹wZ… Ges Rxeb m¤úwK©Z Zv‡ì aviYv Abyhvqx cvV¨m~Px
(wm‡jevm) Ges mvs¯‹w…ZK Kvh©µg Ašf©~³— Kij| Zviv G ms¯‹wZi… wfwË wnmv‡e cwðgv e¨w³Z¡ Ges
cvVë¯‘i cÖavb Drm wnmv‡e Zv‡ì †i‡bmvu, BwZnvm Ges cwi‡ek‡K MÖnb K‡iwQj hv Av‡Rv gymwjg‡ì gbb
I gMR‡K Avc~Z K‡i †i‡L‡Q| Zviv GLv‡bB †_‡g _v‡Kwb, eis Av‡iv Mfx‡i wM‡q cvV¨Kvh©µ‡gi cÖwZwU
LuywUbvwU welq ch©š— n¯‡¶c— K‡i wbwðZ K‡iwQj †hb Gi †Kvb GKwU AvswkK welqI Zv‡ì `k©b I
ms¯‹wZi… g~jbxwZ ewnf©yZ bv n‡Z cv‡i| GgbwK GwU Bmjvgx Øxb I BwZnv‡mi †¶‡ÎI cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡qwQj;
Dfq cvV¨m~PxB cwðgv wfwËi Dci wbf©i K‡i cwðgv aviYv Abyhvqx MVb Kiv n‡qwQj|
Av‡Rv Bmjvgx ¯‹zj ¸‡jv‡Z Bmjvgx Øxb‡K GKwU Ava¨vwZ¥K I ˆbwZK welq wnmv‡e wk¶v †`qv nq hv g~jZ
ag© m¤úwK©Z cwðgv aviYviB cÖwZdjb| ag©‡K ev¯eZv— I ev¯e— Rxe‡bi Z_¨vw` n‡Z wew”Qbœ GKwU
welq wnmv‡e wk¶v †`qv nq| Avgv‡ì ˆK‡kv‡i ivmyjyjvn (mt) Gi Rxebx Ggbfv‡e wk¶v †`qv nq †hLv‡b Zvi
beyIq¨Z I cÖKZ… wk¶v m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Abycw¯’Z| †b‡cvwjqb wKsev wemgv‡K©i Rxebxi gZB ivmyjyjvn (mt) Gi
Rxebx cov‡bv nq| djZt G ai‡Yi wk¶v †_‡K wk¶v_©xi g‡b †Kvbiƒc Av‡eM wKsev aviYvi m„wó nqbv| ag©xq
cvV¨m~Px‡Z Ašf©~³— Bev`Z I ‰bwZKZv‡K e¨w³MZ ¯^v‡_©i `„wó‡KvY †_‡K †kLv‡bv nq| Gfv‡e Bmjvgx
Øx‡bi wk¶v cwðgv aviYv cÖm~Z e¨w³MZ jvf I ¯^v_© m¤úwK©Z Abyiƒc aviYvq cwiYZ n‡q‡Q|
Abyiƒcfv‡e Amr D‡Ï‡k¨ I mwVK Abyave‡bi e¨_©Zvq Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm‡KI †bvsiv Kiv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
HwZnvwmK b¨vqcivqYZvi I êÁvwbK M‡elYvi bv‡g Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm‡K Kjw¼Z Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi Dci KvUv
Nv‡q by‡bi wQUv †Ìqvi gZ NUbv N‡U‡Q hLb KwZcq wkw¶Z gymwjg BwZnv‡mi wk¶KZvq AvZ¥wb‡ek
K‡i‡Q wKš‘ HwZnvwmK NUbv mg~n cÖKvk Ki‡Z wM‡q wgkbvix‡ì c×wZ I cvV¨µgB AbymiY K‡i‡Q| djZt
mKj cÖKvi wk¶vKvh©µ‡gi cvV¨m~PxB (wm‡jevm) cwðgv `k©b Abyhvqx I Zv‡ì cvV¨m~Pxi (wm‡jev‡mi)
Abymi‡YB cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q| Gi gva¨‡g AwaKvsk eyw×RxweiB cwðgxKiY n‡q‡Q| Zviv m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c cwðgv
ms¯‹wZ‡K… AvZ¥¯’ K‡i‡Q, Gi cÖwZ Avm³ n‡q‡Q Ges cwðgv aviYv Abyhvqx Zv‡ì Rxeb cwiPvjbv K‡i‡Q|
Ae‡k‡l Zviv Bmjvgx ms¯‹wZi… cÖwZ weiƒc g‡bvfve ‡cvlY Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡i‡Q I cwðgv ms¯‹wZi… mv‡_
mvsNwl©K †h †Kvb ¯’v‡b Bmjv‡gi mgv‡jvP‡K cwiYZ n‡q‡Q|
G mKj gymwj‡giv cwðgv ms¯‹wZ‡K… MÖnY K‡i‡Q, †h ms¯‹wZ… cwðgv `„wóf½x Øviv wbqwš¿Z| Zviv Zv‡ì
ms¯‹…wZi cÖwZ Ggbfv‡e wek¦¯— †h Zviv we‡`kx ms¯‹wZ… MÖnY I we‡`kx‡ì c~Rv Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡i‡Q| Zv‡ì
g‡a¨ A‡b‡KB cwðgv Pwi‡Îi AwaKvix n‡q‡Q Ges cwðgv‡ì gZB Bmjvg I Bmjvgx ms¯‹wZ‡K… N„Yv Ki‡Z ïi“
K‡i‡Q| Zviv wek¦vm K‡i, Bmjvg Ges Bmjvgx ms¯‹wZB… gymwjg‡ì cZ‡bi KviY| wgkbvix‡ì hvÎv c‡_ GwU
GKwU weivU mvdj¨ †h Zviv wkw¶Z gymwjg‡ì Zv‡ì c‡¶ Uvb‡Z †c‡i‡Q hviv cieZ©x‡Z Bmjvg I Bmjvgx
ms¯‹wZi… wei“‡× Zv‡ì mv‡_ Kuv‡a Kuv‡a wgwj‡q hy‡× wjß n‡q‡Q|
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G Ae¯’v Av‡iv we¯Z…— n‡q ïaygvÎ BD‡iv‡c I we‡`kx ¯‹z‡j wkw¶Z‡ìB cÖfvweZ K‡iwb eis hviv Bmjvgx
ms¯‹wZ… enb Ki‡Q Zv‡ì DciI cÖfve we¯vi— Ki‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Q| Zviv cwðgv Jcwb‡ewkK‡ì KZK… Zv‡ì
Øxb‡K KUv¶ Kivi ¶gZvq wew¯§Z I ¶zä n‡q Jcwb‡ewkK‡ì KUv‡¶i Reve w`‡Z ïi“ K‡i| Z‡e mZ¨-wg_¨v wePvi
we‡ePbv bv K‡iB Zviv Zv‡ì Reve w`‡Z ïi“ K‡i| Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ Av‡ivwcZ wb›`v cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z Zv‡ì
e¨wZe¨¯Zvq— Zviv Zv‡ì RevewUi h_v_©Zv hvPvB Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Q| Zviv wbwðZ wQj †h, Bmjvg‡K
Ab¨vqfv‡e †`vlx Kiv n‡q‡Q, wKš‘ h_v_© wPšv— fvebv Qvov Reve w`‡Z wM‡q Zviv Bmjvgx weavb ¸‡jv‡K
weKZ… K‡i cwðgv aviYvi mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© Ki‡Z †Póv K‡i|
djZ: Zv‡ì Reve wQj `ye©j I AKvh©Ki| Avi GwU wgkbvix‡ì Rev‡ei cwie‡Z© Zv‡ì Avµg‡bi c_ myMg K‡i‡Q|
me‡P‡q gvivZ¥K †h e¨vcviwU N‡U‡Q, Zv n‡”Q Bmjv‡gi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K cwðgv ms¯‹wZ… Zv‡ì wPšv—-
aviYvi Awe‡”Q`¨ As‡k cwiYZ n‡q‡Q, hv Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ Av‡ivwcZ Ab¨vq I wg_¨v Acev`‡K ¯^xKvi K‡i
wb‡q‡Q| Gai‡Yi AwaKvsk e¨w³B e‡j _v‡K cwðgviv Zv‡ì ms¯‹wZ… Bmjvg I gymwjg‡ì KvQ †_‡K MÖnY
K‡i‡Q Ges Gfv‡e Zviv Bmjvgx weavb‡K cwðgv ms¯‹wZi… mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© Ki‡Z wM‡q weKZ… Ki‡Z ïi“
K‡i †`q, hwÌ ev Bmjvgx I cwðgv ms¯‹wZ… ci¯úi ¯úóZt mvsNwl©K|
Gfv‡e hLb Zviv GKevi cÖwZwôZ Kij †h Zv‡ì AvKx`vn I ms¯‹wZ… cwðgv ms¯‹wZi… mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© ZLb
Zviv m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c cwðgv ms¯‹wZ‡K… MÖnY K‡i wbj| Gi A © Zviv Bmjvgx ms¯‹wZ‡K… cwiZ¨vM K‡i cwðgv
ms¯‹wZ… MÖnY Kij| cwðgv Jcwb‡ewkKiv wVK GgbwUB †P‡qwQj Ges wgkbvix Kv‡R g‡bv‡hvM †Ìqv I
Jcwb‡ewkKZvi AMÖhvÎvi wcQ‡b GwUB Zv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ wQj|
eyw×Rxwe‡ì cwðgv ¯‹zj I K‡j‡R wkw¶Z Kivi gva¨‡g Ges Zv‡ì Bmjvg Abyave‡bi ‡¶‡Î AÁZvi Kvi‡Y
gymwjgiv `‡j `‡j Rxeb m¤ú‡K© cwðgv a¨vb aviYv MÖnY Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡i w`‡qwQj| Zv‡ì †`k I mgvR cwðgv
e¯‘ev`x ms¯‹wZi… †Rvqv‡i cvweZ nj Ges mgvR cwic~Y©fv‡e cwðgv ms¯‹wZ… I a¨vY aviYv Abyhvqx
cwiPvwjZ n‡Z _vKj|
AwaKvsk gymwjgB eyS‡Z cv‡ibv †h MYZvwš¿K kvmb eë¯’v Ges cuywRev`x A_©‰bwZK eë¯’v Df‡qB Kzdi
eë¯’v| †Kvb wel‡q Avjvn cÖ`Ë weavb Abyhvqx hLb †Kvb wKQyi dqmvjv Kiv nqbv ZLb Zviv wePwjZ wKsev
D‡ËwRZ nqbv| A_P Zviv wbwðZB Rv‡b †h, Avjvn myenvbyIqvZvÕjv e‡j‡Qb,
ÒGes hviv Avjvn hv bvwhj K‡i‡Qb Zv Øviv wePvi dqmvjv K‡ibv, Zviv Kvwdi|Ó [myiv Avj gvwq`v:44]
GwU m¤¢e n‡q‡Q KviY mgv‡Ri me©¯‡i— cwðgv a¨vb aviYvi e¨vcK we¯wZ…— N‡U‡Q Ges cwðgv ms¯‹wZ,
… †hLv‡b ivóª‡K Øxb †_‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i †djv n‡q‡Q, Zv ¯úóZB Avgv‡ì mgv‡R cÖfve we¯vi— K‡i Av‡Q|
Zviv aviYv K‡i‡Q, hw` Zviv ïaygvÎ Avjvn myenvbyIqvZvÕjvi Dci wek¦vm ¯’vcb K‡i Ges Bev`‡Zi Abyôvb¸‡jv
cvjb K‡i Z‡eB Zv‡ì Bmjvgx `vwqZ¡ m¤úbœ nq| GKB mv‡_ Zviv a‡i wb‡q‡Q Rxe‡bi evKx KvR¸‡jv Zv‡ì
wbKU me©v‡c¶v mwVK e‡j cÖZxqgvb wbR¯^ B”Qv I ‡LqvjLykx Abyhvqx cwiPvwjZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| GwU Zv‡ì
we›`ygvÎ wePwjZ K‡ibv, KviY BwZg‡a¨B Zv‡ì gv‡S cwðgv a¨vb aviYv msµwgZ n‡q‡Q †hLv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q,
ÒwmRvi †K wmRv‡ii Ask `vI Ges Bk¦i †K Ck¦‡ii Ask|Ó wecixZµ‡g, Zv‡ì Dci Bmjvgx a¨vb aviYvi †Kvb cÖfve
c‡owb, †h aviYvq wmRvi I Zvi AwaKv‡ii mKj welqB Avjvn myenvbyIqvZvÕjvi gvwjKvbvaxb| Avjvni Av‡`k
Bev`‡Zi mv‡_ mv‡_ hveZxq mKj wKQy‡KB cwie¨vß K‡i Av‡Q| †Kbv †ePv, fvov (eëmvwqK †jb‡`b), wePvi
eë¯’v, wk¶v eë¯’v †_‡K ïi“ K‡i cÖwZwU wel‡qB Avjvni Av‡`k I weavb i‡q‡Q| gymwjgiv GLb Avi G wPšv—
aviYv Øviv cÖfvweZ nqbv| A_P hw` Zviv Avjvni Av‡`k m¤ú‡K© coZ †hLv‡b Avjvn myenvbyIqvZvÕjv e‡j‡Qb,
ÒAZGe (†n gynv¤§`) Zv‡ì gv‡S Avjvn hv bvwRj K‡i‡Qb Zv Øviv wePvi dqmvjv Ki|Ó [myiv Avj-gvwq`v:49]
wZwb Av‡iv e‡j‡Qb,
ÒhLb †Zvgiv wbw`©ó mg‡qi Rb¨ F‡Yi P~w³ Ki, ZLb Zv wjwce× K‡i ivL|Ó [myiv Avj evKvivn, 2:282]
wZwb (Avjvn) Av‡iv e‡j‡Qb,

ÒGes †h †KD ¯úó †n`v‡qZ cÖvwßi ci ivmy‡ji wei“×vPiY Ki‡e Ges gyÕwgb‡ì c_ wfbœ Ab¨ c_ AbymiY Ki‡e,
Avwg Zv‡K Zvi †e‡Q †bqv c‡_i w`‡K Nywi‡q wè Ges Rvnvbœv‡gi Av¸‡b `» Kie Ges †mwU KZB bv wbKó…
Avevm¯’j|Ó [myiv wbmv :115]

95
Avjvn myenvbyIqvZvÕjv Av‡iv e‡j‡Qb,
ÒgyÕwgb‡ì mK‡ji GKm‡½ Awfhv‡b †ei nIqv m½Z bq, Zv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨KwU `j †_‡K GKwU As‡ki AMÖeZ©x nIqv
DwPr, hv‡Z (hviv cðv‡Z Ae¯’vb K‡i‡Q) Zviv Øxb m¤ú‡K© Mfxi Ávbvbykxjb Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Zv‡ì m¤cÖ`vq‡K
mZK© Ki‡Z cv‡i hLb Zviv Zv‡ì wbKU wd‡i Avm‡e hv‡Z Zviv mZK© n‡Z cv‡i|Ó [myiv ZvIev, :122]
wbwðZfv‡eB KziAvb cov m‡Ë¡I Zviv KziAv‡bi GB AvqvZ¸‡jvi aviYv Øviv cÖfvweZ nqwb| eis Zviv ïaygvÎ
KziAv‡bi AvqvZ wnmv‡e G¸‡jv‡K c‡o‡Q Ges †mLv‡bB †_‡g ‡M‡Q| A_P cÖwZwU gymwjg cÖKZc‡¶…
KziAvb cvV Ki‡e Ges Rvb‡e †h GwU Rxeš— I Zvi Rxe‡b KziAv‡bi aviYv‡K ev¯evq‡b— m`v m‡Pó _vKv
DwPr| Aek¨ G AvqvZ¸‡jv cov nq Ggb GK cwi‡e‡k †hLv‡b cwðgv a¨vb aviYvB cÖfve we¯vi— K‡i Av‡Q Ges Gi
d‡j Zviv AvqvZ¸‡jvi Ava¨vwZ¥K welq¸‡jv‡K cÖvavb¨ †`q| hLb GB AvqvZ¸‡jvi aviYv I A‡_©i welqwU Av‡m
ZLb gvbwmK w`K †_‡K GKwU evavi cÖvPxi M‡o D‡V| KviY cwðgv ms¯‹wZ… Kvh©Kixfv‡e Zv‡ì wbqš¿Y
K‡i Ges Zv‡ì Ujvqgvb K‡i †Zv‡j| GwU AwaKvsk gvby‡li †¶‡ÎB cÖ‡hvR¨ we‡klZt hviv Bmjvgx wKsev we‡`kx
wk¶vq wkw¶Z n‡q‡Q|
ivRbxwZwe`‡ì welqwU Mfxi nZvkve¨ÄK Ges cwiYwZ Av‡iv fqven| hLb †_‡KB Jcwb‡ewkK kw³ G mKj
ivRbxwZwe`‡ì GKwÎZ K‡i Dmgvbx wLjvd‡Zi wei“‡× we‡`ªvn Kivi Rb¨ cÖjyä K‡i‡Q Ges Zv‡ì eo eo cyi®‹v‡ii
†jvf †`wL‡q‡Q ZLb †_‡KB Zviv cwðgv‡ì AvÁven `v‡m cwiYZ n‡q‡Q Ges Zv‡ì cwiKíbvi m¤ú~Y© AbyMZ
wnmv‡e KvR K‡i‡Q| Dmgvbx wLjvd‡Zi mgq Zviv cwðgv‡ì mv‡_ AuvZvZ K‡i Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì iv‡óªi wei“‡×
Zv‡ì mvnvh¨ K‡iwQj| Bmjv‡g Gai‡Yi KvR ¯úóZt wbwl× _vKv m‡Ë¡I Zviv G ai‡Yi KvR K‡i‡Q Ges G Kv‡Ri
Rb¨ Zviv Me© ‡eva K‡i| cÖwZwU Abyôvb I evwl©Kx‡Z Zviv Zv‡ì AR©b wb‡q `¤¢ K‡i Ges Zv D`hvcb Ki‡Z
cQ›` K‡i| H mgq iv‡óªi `ytmgq AwZµ‡g kvmK ‡kªbxi Aš—K©jn I `jv`wj Dck‡gi cwie‡Z© Zviv iv‡óªi wei“‡×
Kvwdi kÎ“‡ì mv‡_ nvZ wgwj‡qwQj| cwiZv‡ci welq GB †h, KvwdiMY Ae‡k‡l Zv‡ì ivóª `Lj K‡i wb‡qwQj|
Gmgq Zviv Awek¦vmx Kvwdi‡ì wei“‡× RbM‡Yi mvnvh¨ PvIqvi cwie‡Z© RbM‡Yi wei“‡× Kvwdi kw³i mvnvh¨
wb‡qwQj| Zviv Kvwdi‡ì Øviv GZUvB cÖfvweZ n‡qwQj †h Zv‡ì Bmjvgx e¨w³Z¡ m¤ú~Y©fv‡e wejyß n‡qwQj|
Zv‡ì wPšvaviYv— wbw`©ó wKQy ivR‰bwZK I `vk©wbK
gZvgZ Øviv Kj~wlZ n‡q wM‡qwQj| µ‡g GwU Zv‡ì Rxeb m¤ú‡K© `„wóf½x‡K welv³ K‡i †d‡jwQj Ges
P~ovšfv‡e— wRnv‡ì (hv iv‡óªi P~ovš— D‡Ïk¨) wei“‡× Zv‡ì exZkª× K‡i Zz‡jwQj| GwU µ‡g Bmjvgx cwi‡ek‡K
m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c welv³ K‡i †d‡jwQj Ges Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU wel‡qi †¶‡Î wPšv—-aviYv‡K wek„sLj K‡i w`‡qwQj|
GiB avivevwnKZvq mwÜP~w³i gva¨‡g Av‡cvlKvwgZv wRnv`‡K cÖwZ¯’vwcZ Kij| ivRbxwZwe`‡ì wek¦vm I
M„nxZ g~jbxwZ wQj ÒLyR Iqv ZvwjeÓ (hv cvI MÖnY K‡iv I evKxUv c‡i PvI)| GwU Jcwb‡ewkK‡ì Rb¨ wekvj
†mbvevwnbxi †gvKv‡ejv Kivi PvB‡Z AwaK myweavRbK wQj| Gfv‡e Awek¦vmx Kvwdi Jcwb‡ewkK‡ì mvnvh¨
PvIqv GKwU mvaviY ixwZ I wbq‡g cwiYZ n‡q ‡Mj | Zviv Aejxjvq Kvwdi‡ì wbKU mvnvh¨ PvB‡Z I wbf©i
Ki‡Z jvMj A_P Zviv fy‡j ‡Mj †h GwU GKwU Pig (Kweiv) ¸bvn Ges ivR‰bwZK AvZ¥nZ¨vi bvgvši|— Zviv
AvÂwjKZvev‡ì m¼xY©Zv‡K cuywR K‡i KvR Kivi wm×vš— wbj Ges G ai‡Yi †MvÎev`‡K Zv‡ì wbR¯^ ivR
‰bwZK cwigÛ‡ji As‡k cwiYZ Kij| Zviv GwU Abyave‡b e¨_© nj †h, G ai‡Yi AvÂwjKZvev` ivR‰bwZK
Kg©KvÛ‡K aywjm¨vr K‡i †`q| KviY AvÂwjKZvev`, Zv hZ eo AÂjB †nvKbv †Kb, GKwU mwVK Rxeb
cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj ivR‰bwZK I AivR‰bwZK `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b A¶g| Zviv GLv‡bB †_‡g _v‡Kwb eis
Zviv Zv‡ì e¨w³MZ ¯^v_© †K Zv‡ì g‡bv‡hv‡Mi ‡K›`ªwe›`y‡Z cwiYZ Kij Ges we‡`kx ivóª¸‡jv‡K mvaviY
g‡bv‡hv‡Mi †K›`ªwe›`y‡Z cwiYZ Kij| G cÖwµqvq Zviv Zv‡ì ¯^vfvweK g‡bv‡hv‡Mi ‡K›`ªwe›`y A_©vr Av`k©
(AvBwWIjwR) ‡K nvivj| GwU nviv‡bvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zviv hZB wek¦¯Zv— I cwikªg Ki“K bv ‡Kb Zv‡ì
AMÖhvÎvq mvd‡jï ¶xY m¤¢vebvI wejyß n‡q †Mj|
Kv‡RB mKj ivR‰bwZK Av‡›`vjbB e¨_©Zvq ch©ewmZ nj Ges D¤§vni †h †Kvb RvMi‡Yi cÖ‡PóvB Ø›Ø Avi
êcix‡Z¨c~Y© Av‡›`vj‡b cwiYZ nj Ges Gi Ae¯’v nj GK RevB Kiv cïi gZ, †h ek¨Zv ¯^xKvi K‡i, nZvk n‡q
GKmgq wb‡¯R,— wb¯ú›` n‡q ‡Mj| Giƒc nIqvi KviY n‡”Q ivR‰bwZK Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZe„›`… Zv‡ì mvaviY
g‡bv‡hv‡Mi †K›`ªwe›`y nvwi‡q ‡djvq ¯^vfvweKfv‡e D¤§vnI Zv‡ì g‡bv‡hv‡Mi †K›`ªwe›`y nvwi‡q †d‡j‡Q|
GKB mv‡_ ivR‰bwZK wPšv—-aviYvI we‡`kx I ¶wqòz aviYvi e‡`Šj‡Z welv³ I Kj~wlZ n‡q ‡M‡Q| Gi djvdj
¯îƒc gymwjg f~LÛ¸‡jv‡Z RvZxqZvev`, mgvRZš¿, AvÂwjKZvev`, Ava¨vwZ¥K Øxb, ˆbwZKZv, wk¶v Ges
ag©cÖPv‡ii gZ wewfbœ Av‡›`vj‡bi Rb¥ n‡q‡Q| GmKj Av‡›`vjb cwiw¯’wZi Av‡iv AeYwZ NwU‡q‡Q Ges
mgv‡Ri `y‡f©vM Av‡iv evwo‡q w`‡q‡Q|
G RvZxq mKj Av‡›`vjb e¨_©Zvq ch©ewmZ n‡q‡Q Ges †KejgvÎ Zv‡ì wbR‡ì‡K wN‡iB AvewZ©Z n‡q‡Q;
KviY Zviv cwðgv
96
wPšvaviYv— Abyhvqx cwiPvwjZ n‡q‡Q I wgkbvix `Lj`vwi‡Z¡i cÖfv‡e cÖfvweZ n‡q‡Q Ges Zviv D¤§vn‡K
Ggb GK åvš— w`Kwb‡`©kbv w`‡q‡Q hv †Kvb djvdj e‡q Avb‡Z cv‡iwb| Zviv mvgªvRëv`‡K Av‡iv kw³kvjx
K‡i‡Q Ges ¯’vqx nevi my‡hvM K‡i w`‡q‡Q| Gfv‡eB wgkbvix‡ì Avµg‡bi mvdj¨ n‡q‡Q Af~Zc~e© I
AcÖwZØ›Øx|
Bmjvgx we‡k¦ cwðgv‡ì ivR‰bwZK `Lj:
Av›`vjym Avµg‡bi cÖKZ… KviY wQj cÖwZ‡kva ¯ú„nv hv µz‡m‡Wi hy‡× AcgvbRbK civR‡qi ci †_‡KB
BD‡ivcxqiv jvjb K‡i AvmwQj| gymwjg‡ì nv‡Z civwRZ nevi ci I gymwjg f~LÛ †_‡K weZvwoZ nevi ci †_‡KB
cwðgviv gymwjg‡ì wei“‡× Zxeª N„Yv jvjb K‡i AvmwQj| gymwjg‡ì wei“‡× Zv‡ì Aši— Zxeª wnsmv I we‡Ø‡l
cwic~Y© n‡qwQj| Zviv hw` GK_v bv RvbZ †h gymwjgiv †h †Kvb Avµgb bm¨vr Ki‡Z m¶g Z‡e Zviv c~bivq
c~‡e© Avµgb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z wcQcv nZbv| Zviv aviYv K‡iwQj †h, Av›`vjy‡m cÖwZ‡kva MÖnY Kiv mnR n‡e|
h_vmg‡q BD‡ivc Av›`vjym Avµgb K‡i G‡K wbg©gfv‡e wQbœ wfbœ K‡i †djj Ges Gi Awaevmx‡ì wbwe©Pv‡i
wM‡jvwU‡b wki‡”Q` I ke`vn Kiv P~jx‡Z wb‡¶c K‡i nZ¨v Kij| Zv‡ì KvRwU †h †Kvb wnsmª Rv‡bvqv‡ii
PvB‡ZI AwaK wbg©g Ges cwðgv‡ì cwiPvwjZ AMwYZ N„wYZ I j¾v¯‹i KvR¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg| hvB †nvK, Zviv
Av›`vjym i¶vq gymwjg‡ì Ae‡njv †_‡K G ai‡Yi Kv‡R Av‡iv †ekx Drmvn †eva Ki‡Z jvMj| gymwjgiv wkw_jZv
†`wL‡qwQj Ges Av›`vjym‡K GKwU mnR wkKv‡ii Dchy³ K‡i †i‡L wM‡qwQj| GwU cwðgv‡ì cÖwZ‡kv‡ai
wPšv‡K— Av‡iv we¯vi— jvf Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡iwQj| Dmgvbx wLjvd‡Zi ¶gZv bv _vK‡j ZLbB Zviv Aewkó
gymwjg f~L‡Ûi Dci k³ Awfhvb PvjvZ| ZrKvjxb gymwjg‡ì kw³gËv Ges BD‡iv‡ci eû Ask Dmgvbx wLjvd‡Zi `L‡j
_vKvq Zv‡ì g‡b fxwZi mÂvi n‡qwQj Ges µz‡m‡Wi Abyiƒc civR‡qi Avk¼vq Zviv Zr¶Yvr gymwjg‡ì Dci Av‡iv
eo AvKv‡i nvgjv cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z wØavMÖ¯’ n‡q c‡owQj|
cwðgv‡ì Avµgb Aóv`k kZvãxi wØZxqfvM ch©š— wejw¤^Z n‡qwQj| ZLb Bmjvgx we‡k¦ GKai‡Yi ¯’weiZv
MÖvm K‡i wb‡qwQj| Avš— R©vwZK A½‡b gymwjg‡ì Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ cwiZ¨vM Kiv Ges Zv‡ì Aš‡i—
Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ cÖMvp fv‡jvevmv ¶xY n‡q Avmvi gva¨‡g Bmjv‡gi kÎ“‡ì †Pv‡L Bmjv‡gi kw³ I wekvjZ¡ n«vm
†c‡Z ïi“ Kij| GiB avivevwnKZvq Bmjvgx we‡k¦ mvs¯‹wZK… I wgkbvix AvMÖvmY ZxeªZi n‡q DVj Ges Gi
mv‡_ mv‡_ ivR‰bwZK AvMÖvm‡Yi gva¨‡g Zviv AwaKvsk gymwjg f~LÛ MÖvm K‡i wb‡Z m¶g nj|
K¨v‡_wi‡bi kvmbvg‡j (1762 - 1796), ivwkqv Dmgvbx‡ì mv‡_ hy× K‡iwQj Ges Zv‡ì civf~Z K‡iwQj| G
cÖwµqvq Zv‡ì f~LÛ
†_‡K wekvj GK Ask wew”Qbœ n‡q ‡Mj| ivwkqvbiv Av‡Rvf kni I Avj-Kvivg (wµwgqv) f~L‡Ûi cvkvcvwk Kò…
mvM‡ii mgMÖ DËi DcK‚j `Lj K‡i wbj| Zviv †mfv‡¯v‡cvj— kniwU‡K D³ f~L‡Ûi mvgwiK NuvwU wnmv‡e
¯’vcb Kij Ges `w¶Y BD‡µ‡b Kò… mvM‡ii Zx‡i I‡Wmv bvgK evwbwR¨K e›ì ¯’vcb Kij| Gmgq Dmgvbx
wLjvd‡Zi ê‡`wkK bxwZi ‡¶‡Î ivwkqv GKwU eo gv_ve¨v_vi KviY n‡q DVj| †ivgvb Avwgiv‡Zi Dci mve©‡fŠg
¶gZv AwaKvix nevi ci Zviv wb‡R‡ì‡K Dmgvbx wLjvd‡Zi AšM©Z— L„óa‡g©i i¶K wnmv‡e fve‡Z ïi“ K‡i w`j|
1884 L„óv‡ã ivwkqv mgMÖ ZzwK©¯vb†K— Bmjvgx ivóª (wLjvdZ) n‡Z wew”Qbœ K‡i †djj Ges KvdKvm AÂj
m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c `Lj K‡i wbj| Aek¨ ivwkqvB Dmgvbx wLjvdZ‡K P¨‡jÄ Kivi gZ GKgvÎ ivóª wQjbv, eis Aewkó
cwðgv kw³I Zv‡ì mv‡_ †hvM w`‡qwQj| 1jv RyjvB, 1798 L„óv‡ã †b‡cvwjqb wgki Avµgb Kij Ges `ª“Z Zv `Lj
K‡i wbj| 1799 L„óv‡ãi †deª“qvix gv‡m †m Avj-kvg Gi `w¶Y e›ì Avµgb K‡iwQj Ges MvRv, Avj-ivgvjvn Ges
Bqvdv AÂj `Lj K‡i wb‡qwQj| †m Av°v `y‡M©i Kv‡Q †cŠ‡Q wM‡qwQj (µz‡m‡W GwU GKi bv‡g cÖwm×),
wKš‘ Zvi nZ¨vhÁ e¨nZ nj Ges †m c~bivq wgk‡i I †mLvb †_‡K d«v‡Ý wd‡i wM‡qwQj| Ae‡k‡l Zvi Awfhvb 1801
L„óv‡ã e¨_© nq| Zvi Awfhvb e¨ © n‡jI Zv Dmgvbx wLjvd‡Zi e¨vcK ¶wZ mvab K‡iwQj| Gi djvdj ¯îƒc BD‡iv‡ci
AwaKvsk ivóªB Bmjvgx wek¦‡K Avµgb Kivi Rb¨ mvwie× nj Ges Gi f~L‡Ûi wewfbœ Ask `Lj K‡i wb‡Z ïi“ Kij|
1830 L„óv‡ã d«vÝ Avj‡Rwiqv `Lj K‡i wbj| wZDwbwmqv `Lj Kivi cÖ‡Póvq Ae‡k‡l 1881 mv‡j Zviv †mwU `Lj
Ki‡Z m¶g nj| 1912 mv‡j Zviv gviv‡Kk `Lj K‡i wbj| 1911 mv‡j BZvjx wÎ‡cvjx `Lj K‡i wbj hv Avi Dmgvbx
wLjvd‡Zi Aax‡b Z_v Bmjvgx weav‡bi Aaxb iBj bv| GwU mivmwi Jcwb‡ewkK‡ì Aax‡b P‡j Gj Ges Kzdi kvmb
Øviv cwiPvwjZ n‡Z ïi“ Kij| G NUbvwU DËi Avwd«Kvi wew”Qbœ KiY wnmv‡e wPwýZ n‡q Av‡Q|
cwðgviv GLv‡bB †_‡g _v‡Kwb, eis Zviv wLjvd‡Zi evèvKx As‡kI Zv‡ì `Lj`vwiZ¡ Av‡iv my`„p Ki‡Z jvMj|
1839 mv‡j e„‡Ub G‡Wb `Lj K‡i wbj Ges Zvi mandate we¯vi— K‡i jvnvR Ges `w¶Y B‡q‡gb mxgvš— †_‡K
c~e© f~LÛ ch©š— we¯Z…— evèvKx bqwU AvwkªZ (protectorate) ivRÏ `Lj K‡i wbj| e„wUkiv eûc~‡e©B
fviZel© `Lj K‡i wb‡qwQj Ges G cÖwµqvq †mLv‡b gymwjg‡ì

97
Zv‡ì KZ©„Z¡ †_‡K AcmviY K‡iwQj| Zviv we‡klfv‡e gymwjg‡ì DciB Zv‡ì AZ¨vPvi NYxf~Z K‡iwQj, hviv
BwZc~‡e© fviZe‡l©i ¶gZvi AwaKvix wQj| e„wUkiv G KZ©„Z¡ †K‡o wb‡qwQj Ges fviZel©‡K Zv‡ì
Dcwb‡e‡k cwiYZ K‡iwQj| Gici Zviv mvaviYfv‡e gymwjg‡ì `ye©j Kivi cÖwµqv MÖnY Kij|
e„‡Ub 1882 L„óv‡ã wgki I 1898 L„óv‡ã my`vb `Lj K‡i wbj| Gw`‡K nj¨vÛ c~e© fviZ `Lj K‡i wb‡qwQj Ges
AvdMvwb¯vb— I Bivb e„‡Ub-ivwkqvb Pv‡ci m¤§yLxb n‡q coj| Bmjvgx we‡k¦ cwðgv Avµgb Av‡iv ZxeªZi nj
Ges mnmvB ¯úó n‡q DVj †h GwU mvgwMÖKfv‡e cwðgv †bZ‡Z¡i… c`Z‡j f~jywÚZ n‡Z hv‡”Q| µz‡mWvi‡ì
Awfhvb c~bivq ïi“ nj Ges G‡Ki ci GK mvdj¨ AwR©Z n‡Z jvMj| cwðgv Avµgb cÖwZ‡iva I Zvi cÖPÛ Pvc n«vm
Ki‡Z wKQy c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv n‡qwQj| wewfbœ ¯’v‡b cÖwZ‡iva Av‡›`vjb Qwo‡q c‡owQj| Avj‡Rwiqvq GKwU
wece †`Lv w`j, Pvqbv‡Z mk¯¿ Af¨~Ìvb †`Lv w`j Ges my`v‡b gvnw`Bq~‡bi DÌvb NUj| mvbywmBq¨vn weceI
N‡UwQj| G †_‡K cÖgvwYZ nq AatcZb I `ye©jZv m‡Ë¡I ZL‡bv Bmjvgx we‡k¦ wKQy kw³ Aewkó wQj| Aek¨ G
mKj cÖ‡PóvB bm¨vr n‡q wM‡qwQj Ges Giv gymwjg wek¦‡K gy³ Ki‡Z e¨_© nj|
cwðgv wek¦ mvgwiK AvMÖvm‡Yi mv‡_ mv‡_ Bmjvgx we‡k¦ ms¯‹wZK… I ivR‰bwZK we‡f` m„wó Ki‡Z ïi“
K‡iwQj Ges Zviv Bmjvgx wek¦‡K ‡f‡½ LÛ weLÛ Ki‡Z jvMj| Zviv Dmgvbx wLjvdZ aŸs‡mi Rb¨ wbijmfv‡e
KvR K‡i †h‡Z jvMj| KviY GB wLjvdZB †MvUv we‡k¦ gymwjg‡ì cÖwZwbwaZ¡ KiwQj| GB D‡Ï‡k¨ Zviv
†MvÎxq I RvZxqZvev`x †Mvôxi Rb¥ w`j| Gi myPbvq 1804 L„óv‡ã ejKv‡bi RbMY‡K we‡`ªvn Ki‡Z D‡¯‹ w`j|
cwðgv‡ì A_©vq‡b msNwUZ Gai‡Yi we‡`ªvn¸‡jvi avivevwnKZvq Ae‡k‡l 1878 mv‡j ejKvb ¯^vaxb nj|
we‡`kx kw³¸‡jv 1821 mv‡j MÖx‡K we‡`ªv‡ni Av¸b cÖ¾¡wjZ Kij Ges Ae‡k‡l Zv‡ì n¯‡¶‡c— 1830 L„óv‡ã
MÖxK Dmgvbx wLjvdZ
‡_‡K ¯^vaxb n‡q †Mj| G NUbvi Abymi‡Y ejKv‡bi NUbvwUI msNwUZ nw”Qj| µgvMZ Giƒc NUbvq G‡K G‡K
µxU, mvBcÖvm Ges AwaKvsk f~ga¨mvMixq Øxcc~Ä Dmgvbx wLjvdZ n‡Z wew”Qbœ n‡q ‡Mj| GZ`Â‡ji
AwaKvsk Awaevmx‡KB wbe©mvb †`qv n‡qwQj I †`k
†_‡K †ei K‡i ‡`qv n‡qwQj| Awek¦vmx Kvwdi‡ì wbôziZvq Zv‡ì AwaKvskB †`k †_‡K cvjv‡Z eva¨ n‡qwQj| Zviv
Avie †`k ¸‡jv‡Z Avkªq wb‡qwQj hv‡ì AwaKvskB wQj ZL‡bv gymwjg f~LÛ I Bmjvgx wLjvd‡Zi Ask|
mviKvwkqvb, eykbvK, †P‡Pb I Ab¨vbïv G mKj exi mšvb‡ì— eskai hviv ZLb Awek¦vmx Kvwdi kvm‡bi
AvbyMZ¨ Ki‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡iwQj Ges Zv‡ì Øxb wb‡q wbivc‡` Bmjvgx f~LÛ I Bmjvgx kvm‡bi Aax‡b cvwj‡q
G‡mwQj|
cwðgviv Av‡iv eû`yi AMÖmi n‡qwQj Ges †Mvc‡b wLjvd‡Zi Aax‡b gymwjg‡ì gv‡S wew”QbœZvev`x Av‡›`vjb
¸‡jv‡K mg_©b I Drmvn hywM‡qwQj| ‡hgb Avie I ZzK©x‡ì gv‡Si wew”QbœZvev`x Av‡›`vjb| Zviv
RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vjb¸‡jv‡K DrmvwnZ K‡iwQj Ges wfbœ wfbœ ZzK©x I Avie ivR‰bwZK `j MVb K‡iwQj|
†hgb, ÒZzK©xBqv Avj dvZvn `jÓ (Bqvs UvK©/Zi“Y ZzK©x), ÒBDwbqb I cÖ‡MÖm cvwU©Ó (hy³ I
AMÖMvgx `j) Ges ÒAvie ¯^vaxbZv `jÓ (Avie BwÛ‡c‡ÛÝ cvwU©) Ges ÒKf‡b›U cvwU©Ó (Avj-Avn`) BZ¨vw`|
Gi cwiYwZ‡Z iv‡óªi KvVv‡gv fq¼i fv‡e boe‡o n‡q wM‡qwQj Ges we‡`kx Avµg‡bi gy‡L †f‡½ co‡Z ïi“
K‡iwQj| Awek¦vmx Kzdi kw³ Bmjvgx we‡k¦i wei“‡× cwiPvwjZ Zv‡ì Avµg‡bi mvd‡jï D¾¡j m¤¢vebv †`L‡Z †cj|
Zviv Aewkó gymwjg f~LÛ‡K `Lj I aŸsm K‡i Bmjvgx wLjvd‡Zi Aw¯Z¡— gy‡Q †dj‡Z Zrci nj| GwU N‡UwQj
cÖ_g wek¦hy‡×i ïi“‡Z, ‡h hy‡× Dmgvbx ivóª‡K †Rvi c~e©K Rwo‡q co‡Z eva¨ Kiv n‡qwQj| AvuZvZKvix
kw³ivB G hy‡× weRqx n‡qwQj Ges †MvUv Bmjvgx wek¦‡K Zviv hy×jä MYxg‡Zi gvj wnmv‡e wb‡R‡ì gv‡S
fvMvfvwM K‡i wb‡qwQj| 1918 mv‡j hy× †kl nevi ci Bmjvgx wLjvd‡Zi Aewkó AskwU ZzK©x f~LÛ wnmv‡e
wU‡K wQj cieZ©x‡Z hvi bvg nq Zzi¯‹| cwðgv‡ì `qv `vw¶‡Y¨ GwU 1921 L„óvã ch©š— wU‡K wQj Ges Gmgq
Zviv Bmjvgx miKvi eë¯’v‡K wPiZ‡i cwiZ¨vM Kivi wbðqZvi wewbg‡q ¯^vaxbZv jvf K‡i|
Bmjvgx wLjvd‡Zi aŸsm:
cÖ_g wek¦hy‡×i c‡i GKwU hy×weiwZ †NvlYv Kiv n‡qwQj Ges wgÎ evwnbxi weR‡qi ci Dmgvbx ivóª (wLjvdZ)
aŸsm n‡q wM‡qwQj Ges ¶z`ª ¶z`ª iv‡óª wef³ n‡q c‡owQj| wgÎ evwnbx wgki, wmwiqv, wdwjw¯b,— RW©vb Ges
BivK mn mKj Avie f~LÛ `Lj K‡i wb‡qwQj Ges Bmjvgx ivóª ‡_‡K Zv‡ì wew”Qbœ K‡i †d‡jwQj| Dmgvbx‡ì
wbKU ïaygvÎ Zzi¯‹ Aewkó iBj| Aek¨ wgÎ evwnbx †mLv‡bI Avµgb K‡iwQj| e„wUk hy×eni emdivm `Lj K‡i
wb‡qwQj Ges e„wUk †mbvevwnbx ivRavbx B¯v¤^y‡ji— wKq`sk, WviWvwbj `yM© Ges Zzi‡¯‹i AwaKvsk
†KŠkjMZ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© ¯’vb `Lj K‡i wb‡qwQj|
98
Gw`‡K divmxivI B¯v¤^y‡ji— wKQy Ask `Lj K‡i wb‡qwQj Ges Zv‡ì ‡m‡bMvjx ˆmbïv ivRc_ `Lj K‡i
wb‡qwQj| BZvjxq †mbvevwnbx weiv I †ijc_ `Lj K‡i wb‡qwQj Ges wgÎ evwnbx cywjk, b¨vkbvj MvW© Ges e›ì
`Lj K‡i Zv‡ì KZ©„Z¡ ¯’vcb K‡iwQj| Zviv mKj `yM© †_‡K mgiv¯¿ wQwb‡q wb‡qwQj Ges ZzK©x
†mbvevwnbxi Ask we‡kl‡K Kg©P¨~Z K‡iwQj| Gmgq ÒBDwbqb I cÖ‡MÖm cvwU©Ó †f‡½ †`qv nq Ges Rvgvj
cvkv I AvbIqvi cvkv †`k †Q‡o P‡j hvq| G‡ì evKx m`mïv Mv XvKv w`‡qwQj| GKwU `Lj`vi evwnbxi Av‡`k cvjb
Ki‡Z GKwU cyZzj miKvi MVb Kiv nj hvi cÖavb wQj †ZŠwdK cvkv|
ZrKvjxb mg‡q Ljxdv wQ‡jb Iqvwn` Avj-Øxb| wZwb KwVb ev¯eZv— Abyaveb Ki‡jb Ges G Ae¯’v †_‡K DËi‡Yi
GKwU eyw×`xß Dcvq A‡š^lY KiwQ‡jb| wZwb msm` †f‡½ w`‡jb Ges cÖavbgš¿xi c`wU‡Z Zvi AZ¨š— wek¦¯—
eÜz dwi` cvkv‡K wbhy³ Ki‡jb| dwi` cvkv wgÎ evwnbxi cÖwZ Zvi m`q bxwZ mg_©b Ki‡Zb| Zv‡ì Avk¼v wQj
hy× †k‡l bvRyK cwiw¯’wZ‡Z wgÎ evwnbx †h ‡Kvb mgq †`kwU‡K aŸsm K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i| wgÎ evwnbxi
KZ©„Z¡ eRvq _vKv Ae¯’vq wZwb Zvi cwiKíbv ev¯evqb— Ki‡jb Ges wKQy mg‡qi Rb¨ Zzi¯‹ kvš— _vKj| 1919
mvj ch©š— G Ae¯’v eRvq wQj| Gmgq Ae¯’vi cwieZ©b n‡Z jvMj Ges wgÎ evwnbxi Ae¯’vb `ye©j n‡Z ïi“ Kij|
BZvjx, d«vÝ I e„‡U‡b avivevwnK wech©q †`Lv w`j Ges GwU Zv‡ì Avf¨šixb— w¯’wZkxjZvi Rb¨ h‡_ó ûgwKi
KviY n‡q DVj| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ kxNÖB gZwe‡iva †`Lv w`j| B¯v¤^y‡j— hy×jä gvjvgv‡ji Rb¨ wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ ePmv †_‡K
GwU ¯úó n‡q ‡Mj| Zviv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB †mbvevwnbx I A_©‰bwZK myweavi e„nr Ask `vex KiwQj| Gmgq Zzi¯‹ Zvi
Aw¯Z¡— i¶vi †kl my‡hvMUv MÖnY Ki‡Z m‡Pó nj| Ggb GK mg‡q hLb wgÎ evwnbxi cvi¯úwiK Ø›Ø I `ye©jZv
cÖKvk n‡q coj Ges ZLb Zviv G‡K A‡bï wei“‡× ZzK©x‡ì D‡¯‹ w`‡Z jvMj| G cÖwµqvq Zviv Zzi¯‹‡K mvnvh¨
Ki‡Z jvMj|
cwiKíbvaxb kvwš— m‡¤§jb ZL‡bv AbywôZ nqwb Ges G e¨vcv‡i kZ©vejx wVK Kiv nw”Qj| Gmgq w`M‡š— GK
wPj‡Z Avkvi Av‡jv DuwK w`j Ges RbMY GKwU ¸i“Zi cÖwZ‡iva Av‡›`vj‡bi ev¯eZvq— wel‡q wek¦vm Ki‡Z ïi“
Kij| Gmgq B¯v¤^y‡j— `kwUiI †ekx ¸ß msMVb ˆZix Kiv n‡qwQj| Zv‡ì j¶¨ wQj kÎ“‡ì AwaKZ… A¯¿ I im`
msMÖn Kiv, †`‡ki ¸ß msMVb ¸‡jvi wbKU Zv †cŠu‡Q †`qv| KwZcq cÖkvmwbK Kg©KZ©v G Kv‡R RwoZ wQj|
mgi gš¿bvj‡qi †WcywU BmgZ, †mbvevwnbxi cÖavb dvDRx, Avf¨šixb— gš¿x dvZnx, †bŠevwnbxi gš¿x iDd
cÖgyL G Av‡›`vj‡b mvnvh¨ K‡iwQj| Gfv‡e eû msMVb ‡Mvc‡b kÎ“ cÖwZ‡iv‡ai D‡Ï‡k¨ msMwVZ nj| Gmgq
ÒBDwbqb GÛ †cÖv‡MÖm cvwU©Ó c~bivq mwµq nj| G Av‡›`vj‡b †ek wKQy †mbvm`mÏ †hvM w`‡qwQj|
Ae‡k‡l Zviv gy¯dv— Kvgv‡ji †bZ‡Z¡… Awfbœ GK Av‡›`vj‡b HKë× nj| †m wgÎevwnbxi wei“‡× Av‡›`vjb
cwiPvjbv Kij, Ges †`k n‡Z weZvwoZ Ki‡Z Zv‡ì mv‡_ hy‡× wjß| †m †NvlYv Kij Zvi c‡_ evav n‡q `vov‡j Ljxdvi
‰mbëvwnbxi wei“‡×I hy× Ki‡e|
G hvÎvq gy¯dv— Kvgv‡ji mvdj¨ wQj Af~Zc~e©| B¯v¤^y‡ji— †K›`ªxq miKvi I KZ©Z¡… wgÎevwnbxi Aax‡b
eyS‡Z †c‡i †m Avbv‡Zvwjqvq RvZxq miKvi MVb Kij| †m wmIqvm AÂ‡j GKwU RvZxq m‡¤§jb Av‡qvRb
K‡iwQj †hLv‡b Zzi‡¯‹i ¯^vaxbZv msi¶‡Yi welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv nq| G m‡¤§j‡b wKQy wm×vš— MÖnY Kiv nq
Ges gy¯dv— Kvgv‡ji †bZ‡Z¡… GKwU Kvh©wbe©vnx KwgwU MVb Kiv nq| G m‡¤§jb
†_‡K myjZv‡bi cÖwZ ûuwkqvix w`‡q cÖavbgš¿x dwi` cvkv‡K AcmviY I Awej‡¤^ msm`xq wbe©vPb `vex Kiv
nq| Giƒc Pv‡ci gy‡L myjZvb m‡¤§j‡bi `vex †g‡b †bb Ges dwi` cvkv‡K eiLv¯— K‡i Avjx †iRv‡K cÖavbgš¿x c‡`
wb‡qvM †`b| wZwb wbe©vP‡bi †NvlYv †`b| m‡¤§jb †_‡K HKë× fv‡e wbe©vP‡b Ask †bqv nq Ges wbe©vPbx
Bk‡Znv‡i †`k i¶vi wKQy cwiKíbv †NvlYv Kiv nq| bZzb msm‡` Zviv e¨vcK msL¨vMwiôZv AR©b Kij|
G mvd‡jï ci Zviv Av¼vivq m‡i †Mj Ges †mLv‡b Zv‡ì cÖavb Kvh©vjq ¯’vcb Kij| GLv‡b Zv‡ì GKwU mfv
AbywôZ nq| GLvb
†_‡K Zviv cÖ¯ve— DÌvcb Kij ‡h, B¯v¤^y‡j— msm` Awa‡ekb AbywôZ n‡Z n‡e Ges Zv‡ì cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix
KvDwÝj‡K Aejyß Ki‡Z n‡e; KviY Zv‡ì m`mïv BwZg‡a¨B miKvix cÖwZwbwa‡Z (Awdwkqvj ‡WcywU)
cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| Aek¨ gy¯dv— Kvgvj G `ywU cÖ¯v‡eiB— Zxeª we‡ivwaZv Ki‡Z jvMj| Zvi e³e¨ wQj, ÒbeMwVZ
msm‡ì cÖwZkÖ“wZ, mZZv I bxwZgvjv ¯úó bv nIqv ch©š— cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix KvDwÝj‡K Ae¨nZ ivLv
cÖ‡qvRb| Avi ivRavbx‡Z ¯’vbvšwiZ— nevi welqwU wb‡iU cvMjvgx Qvov Avi wKQy bq, KviY GwU Kivi A_©
n‡e wb‡R‡ì‡K kÎ“i Ki“Yvi Dci mgc©Y Kiv| e„wUkiv GL‡bv †`k‡K wbqš¿Y Ki‡Q Ges wbwðZfv‡eB KZ©c¶…
‡Zvgv‡ì welq¸‡jv‡Z n¯‡¶c— Ki‡e Ges †Zvgv‡ì †MÖdZvi Ki‡e| Kv‡RB GLv‡b A_©vr Av¼viv‡ZB msm` emv
DwPr hv‡Z GwU ¯^vaxb _vK‡Z cv‡i|Ó gy¯dv— Kvgvj Zvi e³‡e¨ w¯’i wQj Ges k³fv‡e Zvi gZvgZ‡K i¶v Ki‡Z
jvMj| wKš‘ Zv m‡ËI cÖwZwbwa‡ì‡K Av¼vivq msm` Awa‡ekb Abyôv‡bi e¨vcv‡i ivRx Ki‡Z e¨ © nj| †WcywU
(cÖwZwbwaiv) ivRavbx‡Z †Mj, Ljxdvni cÖwZ Zv‡ì AvbyMZ¨ cÖKvk Kij Ges Zv‡ì KvR K‡i †h‡Z jvMj| GwU
wQj 1920 mv‡ji Rvbyqvix gv‡mi NUbv|
Ljxdvn †WcywU‡ì Dci Zvi B”Qv Pvwc‡q w`‡Z †Póv Ki‡jI Zviv Gi cÖwZev` Kij Ges iv‡óªi AwaKvi i¶vi B”Qv
e¨³ Kij| hLb wgÎevwnbxi c¶ ‡_‡K Zv‡ì Dci Pvc evo‡Z jvMj ZLb Zviv P~w³i (covenant) Rb¨ RbM‡Yi gZvgZ
†P‡q m‡¤§jb Kij|
99
mvBIqvm m‡¤§j‡b Ge¨vcv‡i Zviv m¤§Z n‡qwQj| GB P~w³‡Z Zv‡ì kvwši— cÖ¯ve— †g‡b †bqvi e¨vcv‡i wKQy
kZ©vejx Av‡ivc Kiv n‡qwQj| G mKj kZ©vejxi g‡a¨ me©vwaK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wQj, wbw`©ó mxgvš‡iLvi— g‡a¨
Zzi¯‹‡K GKwU ¯^vaxb I mve©‡fŠg ivóª †NvlYv Ki‡Z n‡e| e„wUkiv G‡Z DjwmZ n‡q DVj KviY GwUB Zv‡ì
D‡Ïk¨ wQj| m‡e©vcwi Zviv ‡P‡qwQj cÖ¯vewU— ZzK©x‡ì ga¨ ‡_‡KB AvmyK|
D‡jL Kiv cÖ‡qvRb ‡h, Dmgvbx wLjvd‡Zi Aax‡b Zvi DjvBqvZ wnmv‡e hZ ivóª wQj Zv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨K‡KB cÖ_g
wek¦hy‡×i ci wgÎevwnbx GKwU P~w³ †eu‡a w`‡qwQj| wgÎevwnbx ‡h mKj Ask‡K wLjvdZ ‡_‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i
PvBwQj, G P~w³‡Z Zv‡ì ¯^vaxbZvi `vex †Zvjv n‡qwQj| d‡j BivK, Zvi ¯^vaxbZvi `vex Abyhvqx GKwU P~w³
DÌvcb Kij| Abyiƒcfv‡e wmwiqv, wdwjw¯b,— wgki Ges Giƒc Av‡iv A‡bK AÂj Zv‡ì ¯^vaxbZvi `vex Zzjj| d‡j
Zzi‡¯‹i GB RvZxqZvev`x P~w³i `vex e„wUk‡ì ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB DjwmZ K‡i Zz‡jwQj| KviY wVK GwUB Zv‡ì
D‡Ïk¨ wQj, Avi Zv n‡”Q Dmgvbx wLjvdZ‡K `ye©j I wew”Qbœ K‡i, †f‡½ UzK‡iv UzK‡iv K‡i wewfbœ ¶z`ª
iv‡óª cwiYZ Kiv| Gi d‡j Zviv Avi †Kvbw`bB GKwU kw³kvjx ivóª wnmv‡e Avwef~©Z n‡Z cvi‡ebv| Gfv‡eB
Bmjvgx wLjvdZ ivóª‡K wbwðý Kivi Zv‡ì jvwjZ ¯^cœ Ae‡k‡l mdj nj|
cÖwZwU AÂ‡ji Rb¨ wgÎevwnbxi †eu‡a †`qv P~w³ bv _vK‡j Ae¯’v wfbœ w`‡K †gvo wbZ| Gi KviY n‡”Q
Dmgvbx wLjvdZ wQj GKwU GKK kw³ ‡hLv‡b Zvi cÖwZwU DjvBqvZ †K Awew”Qbœ Ask wnmv‡e we‡ePbv
Kiv nZ| GwU GKwU HKë× eë¯’v wQj hv wQj, GwU †Kvb BDwbqb ev Kb‡dWv‡ikb wQjbv| Kv‡RB Zzi¯‹ ev
wnRvR wKsev Avj-Kz`m I B¯‹v›`v‡ivbv ‡f‡` †Kvb As‡ki Rb¨B iv‡óªi †Kvb wfbœ cš’v ev bxwZ wQjbv, GwU
wQj mevi Rb¨B GK I Awfbœ| Giv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB GKwU Awfbœ iv‡óªi Ask wQj|
GQvovI hy‡× civwRZ kw³i Dci Pvwc‡q †`qv kZ©vejx Ae¯’v‡K Av‡iv RwUj K‡i ZzjZ| KviY civwRZ Zzi‡¯‹i
Ae¯’v wQj civwRZ Rvg©vbxi gZ Ges Giv hy‡× ci¯úi wgÎ wQj| Kv‡RB GKwU †`‡ki Rb¨ cÖ‡qvM Kiv kvwši—
kZ©vejx Aci †`kwUi RbÏ cÖ‡hvR¨ nZ| Kv‡RB hw` Rvg©vbiv Zv‡ì GKnvZ f~LÛ i¶vq cÖwZ‡iva M‡o Zzj‡Z
cv‡i I Zv‡ì †`k‡K wef³ Kivi cÖ‡Póvi wei“‡× hy× Ki‡Z cv‡i Z‡e Zv Dmgvbx wLjvdZ iv‡óªi RbÏ cÖ‡hvR¨| Ges
Zv‡KI wef³ Kivi †Kvb ‡hŠw³K KviY _vK‡Z cv‡ibv| wgÎ evwnbx G welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb wQj Ges ‡m
e¨vcv‡i wPšv— fvebv KiwQj| wKš‘ hLb Dmgvbxiv wb‡RivB Zv‡ì ivóª‡K wef³ Kivi `vex Zzjj, Ges Avie I
ZzK©x‡ì c¶ †_‡K GKB ai‡Yi Aby‡iva DÌvwcZ nj, ZLb Zviv G myeY© my‡hvM jy‡d wbj Ges mvb‡›` G ai‡Yi
Av‡›`vjb‡K DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z jvMj| we‡klZt GwU hLb wQj iv‡óªi †K›`ª¯’j (Zzi¯‹) †hLvb †_‡K ivóª cwiPvwjZ nZ
Ges iv‡óªi cÖwZwbwa Kiv nZ|
Kv‡RB wgÎevwnbx G P~w³‡K Zv‡ì P~ovš— weRq wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kij| ZzK©x‡ì cÖwZ‡iva Kivi ¯^vaxbZv
†`qv nj Ges GwU cÖKvwkZ nIqvi ci e„wUkiv wewfbœ ¯’vb †_‡K Zv‡ì ˆmb¨ cÖZ¨vnvi Ki‡Z ïi“ Kij| e„wUk I
divmx ˆmb¨‡ì ‡`k ‡_‡K cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv nj| GKB mv‡_ ZzK©xiv kw³ AR©b Ki‡Z ïi“ Kij| GKwU cÖwZ‡iva
Av‡›`vjb `vbv †eu‡a DVj hv cieZ©x‡Z LwjdvnÕi wei“‡× wec‡e iƒc wbj| d‡j Lwjdvn G Av‡›`vjb `gb Ki‡Z
ˆmbëvwnbx †cÖiY Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡jb| AwaKvsk RbMY Lwjdvni c¶ †bqvq G Av‡›`vjb cÖvq wbqš¿‡b Avbvi
my‡hvM †`Lv w`j| ïaygvÎ Av¼vivq k³ cÖwZ‡iva †`Lv w`j hv g~jZ wecex‡ì k³ NuvwU wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ nZ|
NUbvµ‡g Av¼viv cÖvq civR‡qi ØvicÖv‡š— DcbxZ nj| Ljxdvni ‡mbvevwnbxi Kv‡Q MÖv‡gi ci MÖvg civf~Z nj
Ges cieZ©x‡Z †mbvevwnbxi mv‡_ Zviv †hvM w`j| gy¯dv— Kvgvj I Zvi mn‡hvMxiv ‡eKvq`vq c‡o †M‡jI, †m
hy× Pvwj‡q hvIqvi e¨vcv‡i `„pcÖwZÁ wQj Ges RvZxqZvev`x‡ì D‡¯‹ w`‡Z jvMj| Zviv mvov w`j Ges kw³ mÂq
Kij| Zzi‡¯‹i wewfbœ cÖ‡`‡k GB ¸Re Qwo‡q †`qv nj †h e„wUk †mbvevwnbx ivRavbx `Lj K‡i wb‡”Q,
RvZxqZvev`x‡ì †MÖdZvi Ki‡Q Ges ejcÖ‡qv‡M msm` feb eÜ K‡i w`‡q‡Q|
Lwjdv I Zvi miKv‡ii `Lj`vi evwnbx‡K mg_©‡bi ¸ReI Qwo‡q coj| G‡Z `ª“Z NUbv cv‡ë †Mj| RbMY `‡j `‡j
LwjdvÕi c¶ Z¨vM Ki‡Z jvMj Ges RbgZ Av¼vivi RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vj‡bi c‡¶ Ny‡i †Mj| bvix cyi“l wbwe©‡k‡l
`‡j `‡j Zzi¯‹‡K i¶vi Rb¨ Av¼vivi w`‡K QyU‡Z jvMj| eû ˆmb¨ Lwjdvi †mbvevwnbx †Q‡o gy¯vdv— Kvgv‡ji
†mbvevwnbx‡Z †hvM w`‡Z jvMj| BwZg‡a¨ ZzK©x‡ì wbKU †m bvqK Ges Avkvi cÖZxK n‡q D‡VwQj| G
Ae¯’v Zv‡K kw³kvjx K‡i Zzjj Ges cÖvq †MvUv †mbvevwnbxB Zvi wbqš¿‡b P‡j G‡mwQj| †m RvZxq
KvDwÝ‡ji cÖwZwbwa‡ì wbe©vP‡bi `vex m¤^wjZ GKwU wjd‡jU cÖPvi Ki‡Z ïi“ Kij| G KvDwÝ‡ji cÖavb
Kvh©vjq Av¼vivq ¯’vcb Kivi cÖ¯ve— wQj| G wbe©vPb AbywôZ nÕj Ges bZzb wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwaiv
wb‡R‡ì AvBb m¤§Z miKvi wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Ki‡Z ïi“ Kij| Zviv gy¯vdv— Kvgvj‡K Zv‡ì KvDwÝj
cÖwZwbwa‡ì ‡cÖwm‡W›U wnmv‡e wbe©vPb Kij| Av¼viv RvZxq miKv‡ii †K›`ª wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ n‡Z jvMj
Ges mKj ZzK©x G‡Z m¤§Z n‡qwQj| gy¯vdv— Kvgvj Gi ci LwjdvÕi †mbvevwnbxi AewkóvskI aŸsm K‡i †èvi
gva¨‡g M„nhy‡×i Aemvb NUvj| Gi ci †m MÖxK‡ì mv‡_ hy‡× wjß nj Ges †ek KwU i³v³ hy× cwiPvjbv K‡iwQj|
MÖxKiv cÖ_‡g myweavRbK Ae¯’v‡b _vK‡jI kxNÖB weR‡qi cvjv gy¯vdv— Kvgv‡ji c‡¶ Suy‡K †Mj|
100
1921 mv‡ji AvM÷ bvMv`, †m MÖxK‡ì wei“‡× GKwU `ª“Z I mdj Avµgb cwiPvjbv Kij Ges BRwgi Ges Zzi‡¯‹i
Ab¨vb¨ DcK‚jxq AÂj `Lj K‡i wbj| †m‡Þ¤^‡ii ïi“‡Z †m n¨wisU‡bi mv‡_ mv¶vZ I cwiKíbvi LywUbvwU welq
wVK Ki‡Z Bmgv‡Zi D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv ïi“ Kij| G Av‡jvPbvq, wgÎevwnbx MÖxK‡ì ewn¯‹vi Ki‡Z Ges wbR‡ì
B¯v¤^yj— I mgMÖ Zzi¯‹ n‡Z mwi‡q wb‡Z m¤§Z nj| Avgiv hw` gy¯dv— Kvgv‡ji c`‡¶c ¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q j¶¨
Kwi Z‡e †`Le, wgÎevwnbx ZLbB Zvi mv‡_ GKgZ n‡qwQj hLb †m Bmjvgx kvmbeë¯’v‡K cwic~Y©fv‡e aŸsm
K‡i †èvi A½xKvi K‡iwQj| GwU ¯úó n‡q hvq hLb RvZxq msm` Zvi mv‡_ Zzi‡¯‹i weR‡qi ci Zvi fwel¨Z wb‡q
Av‡jvPbv KiwQj ZLb †m †NvlYv K‡i, ÒAvwg Bmjvgx ivóª mg~‡ni wKsev Dmgvbx RbM‡bi jx‡M wek¦vm
Kwibv, cÖ‡Z¨‡KB †h ‡Kvb gZev` MÖn‡Y ¯^vaxb| Aek¨ miKv‡ii GKwU ev¯eZvi— wbix‡L D™¢~Z w¯’i I
cwiKwíZ bxwZ‡Z AUj _vK‡Z n‡e| G bxwZi GKwU gvÎ D‡Ïk¨ i‡q‡Q, Avi Zv n‡”Q wb‡R‡ì ¯^vfvweK mxgv‡ši
— g‡a¨ Gi mve©‡fŠgZ¡ i¶v Kiv| Av‡eM I AjxK Kíbv Avgv‡ì bxwZ‡Z †Kvb cÖfve we¯vi— Ki‡Z cv‡ibv| Ges
AZx‡Z †h KíK_v Avgv‡ì KwVb g~j¨ w`‡Z eva¨ K‡i‡Q Zv me©‡Zvfv‡e cwiZ¨vR¨|Ó
GwU wQj Zzi‡¯‹i ¯^vaxbZv‡K Bmjvgx D¤§vnÕi cwie‡Z© ïaygvÎ ZzK©x RbM‡Yi Rb¨ GKwU RvwZMZ iv‡óª
cwiYZ Kivi `yiwfmwÜg~jK GKwU †NvlYv| wKQy †WcywU I ivRbxwZwe` Zvi wbKU wRÁvmv K‡iwQj
wKfv‡e bZzb Zzi¯‹ iv‡óª miKvi cwiPvwjZ n‡e| KviY ZLb `ywU miKvi Øviv Zzi¯‹ cwiPvjbvi welqwU `y‡e©va¨
cÖZxqgvb nw”Qj| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ GKwU wQj Pig ¶gZvai Aše©Z©xKvjxb— miKvi hvi cÖavb Kvh©vjq wQj
Av¼vivq Ges AciwU wQj ZrKvjxb ivRavbx Aew¯’Z êa wKš‘ bvggvÎ miKvi hvi cÖavb wQj Lwjdvn Ges Zvi
gš¿xcwil`| ivRbxwZweìv Kvgvj †K G e¨vcv‡i Zvi GKwU ¯úó gZ cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ µgvMZ Aby‡iva Ki‡Z jvMj|
wKš‘ Gi cwie‡Z© †m ZrKvjxb Lwjdvn Iqvwn` D``xb†K e„‡Ub I MÖxK‡ì ‡`vmi wnmv‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡i Zvi
wei“‡× RbgZ M‡o Zzj‡Z jvMj| RbMY Lwjdvni wei“‡× Av‡µv‡k ¶zä n‡q DVj| RbM‡Yi AjxK ‡gv‡ni my‡hvM
wb‡q gy¯vdv— Kvgvj myjZvb I Zvi miKv‡ii wel‡q wm×vš— wb‡Z GKwU RvZxq msm‡ì mfv AvnŸvb Kij| †m
cÖ_g †_‡KB RvbZ †h Iqvwn` D``xb‡K AcmviY I Lwjdvni AwaKvi †_‡K wew”Qbœ Kivi e¨vcv‡i †m Zvi
†WcywU‡ì †evSv‡bvi e¨vcv‡i AvZ¥wek¦vmx wQj| wKš‘ ZeyI †m Lwjdvni cÖwZ cÖZ¨¶ Avµg‡bi SuywK wb‡Z
PvBj bv| KviY Zv‡Z RbM‡Yi gv‡S Bmjvgx Av‡e‡Mi m~ÎcvZ NUv‡Z cviZ| Kv‡RB †m ZLb wLjvdvn Aejyß Kivi
cwie‡Z© a~Z©Zvi mv‡_ Lwjdvn‡K mKj ¶gZv †_‡K Ae¨nwZ †`qvi cÖ¯ve— Kij|
Gfv‡eB mvjZvbv‡Zi Ae‡jvcb m¤¢e n‡e Ges Iqvwn` D``xb †K AcmviY Kiv n‡e| hLbB †WcywUMY GK_v ïbj
Zviv wbe©vK n‡q †Mj| LyekxNÖB Zviv G cÖ¯v‡ei— ev¯evq‡bi— wec` Abyaveb Ki‡Z cvij| Zviv cÖ_‡g G
wel‡q GKwU weZK© Ki‡Z PvBj| gy¯vdv— Kvgvj G ai‡Yi weZ‡K©i cwiYwZ m¤ú‡K© cy‡ivgvÎvq mRvM I
fxZ wQj| Kv‡RB †m Gi cwie‡Z© GKwU Bkviv ‡fv‡Ui cÖ¯ve— w`j| †m †WcywU‡ì ga¨‡_‡K 80 R‡bi mg_©b
†cj hviv wQj Zvi e¨w³MZ mg_©K|
Gw`‡K RvZxq msm` Zvi B”Qv c~i‡b Am¤§Z nj Ges weKí wnmv‡e cÖ¯vewU— wjM¨vj KwgwUÕi (AvBb
welqK KwgwU) wbKU †cÖiY Kij| ciw`b hLb KwgwU mfvq emj, gy¯vdv— Kvgvj †mLv‡b Dcw¯’Z ‡_‡K
NUbvwU Lye wbK‡U †_‡K ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z jvMj| AvBbÁ I Ávbx e¨w³‡ì mgš^‡q MwVZ KwgwU K‡qK N›Uv
e¨vcx welqwUi Dci weZK© Kij Ges eyS‡Z cvij †h G cÖ¯vewU— kixqvn‡K jsNb Ki‡Q| KviY Bmjv‡g
Avjv`vfv‡e cÖkvmwbK KZ©„Z¡ I ag©xq KZ©Z¡… e‡j wKQy †bB| mvjZvbvZ Ges wLjvdvZ mgv_©K| Øxb‡K
ivóª ‡_‡K wew”Qbœ Kivi aviYvwU Bmjv‡g †bB Ges †MvUv Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡m KL‡bvB wQjbv| hv wQj, Zv
n‡”Q Bmjvgx eë¯’v hv ivóª KZ©„K ev¯evwqZ— n‡q‡Q| AeavwiZfv‡eB AvBb cwil` G ai‡Yi c„_KxKi‡Yi †Kvb
†hŠw³KZv Luy‡R †cjbv Ges G wel‡q weZK© Kivi I †Kvb hyw³ Luy‡R †cjbv| KviY G e¨vcv‡i Bmjvgx weavb I
e³e¨ ¸‡jv cwi®‹vi Ges mywbw`©ó| G¸‡jvi wfbœ A_© Kivi †Kvb AeKvk †bB| ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB KwgwU G
cÖ¯vewU— cÖZ¨vL¨vb Kij|
Aek¨ gy¯vdv— Kvgvj mvjZvbvZ †_‡K wLjvdZ‡K wew”Qbœ Kivi gva¨‡g ivóª †_‡K Øxb †K Avjv`v Kivi e¨vcv‡i
e× cwiKi wQj| Avi GwU wQj wgÎevwnbxiI j¶¨| A_©vr wbR †jv‡Ki nv‡ZB wLjvd‡Zi Aewkó Ask aŸsm Kiv| Zvi
Jcwb‡ewkK ms¯‹wZ… cwðgv‡ì AbyKi‡Y cÖkvmwbK KZ©c¶… I Ava¨vwZ¥K KZ©c¶… c„_‡Ki wk¶vB
w`‡qwQj| d‡j †m cwðgv‡ì AbyKi‡Y PvP© †_‡K ivóª‡K Avjv`v Kivi Av`‡j mvjZvbvZ I wLjvdZ c„_K Ki‡Z
e¨wZe¨¯— wQj| hLb gy¯vdv— Kvgvj eyS‡Z cvij KwgwUi weZK© †hw`‡K AMÖmi n‡”Q Zv‡Z Zvi Awfjvl ev¯
—evwqZ n‡ebv, ZLb †m †gRvR nvwi‡q, Zxeª Av‡µv‡k †Pqvi †_‡K jvd w`‡q D‡V weZK©‡K evav w`‡q
KwgwUi D‡Ï‡k¨ wPrKvi K‡i ej‡Z jvMj, Òf`ªg‡nv`qeM©! Dmgvbx myjZvb †Rvi K‡i RbM‡Yi Dci kvmb Kivi
AwaKvi wb‡q‡Q, Avi RbMY GLb †Rvi K‡iB Zv‡K ¶gZv †_‡K AcmviY Kivi wm×vš— wb‡q‡Q| Lwjdvni wbKU
†_‡K mvjZvbvZ‡K c„_K Ki‡Z n‡e Ges wejyß Ki‡Z n‡e, Ges Avcbviv cQ›` K‡ib ev bv K‡ib GwU Aek¨B NU‡e|
Ges G cÖwµqvq Avcbv‡ì K‡qKR‡bi ao †_‡K gv_v wew”Qbœ n‡e|Ó †m GKwU ‰¯îvPv‡ii gZ K_v ejwQj Ges
GiciB mfvi cwimgvwß N‡U| Zvr¶wYK fv‡e cÖ¯vewUi— wel‡q Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ RvZxq msm‡ì mfv AvnŸvb Kiv
nq|
101
weZ‡K©i cy‡iv mgqwU‡Z gy¯vdv— Kvgvj eyS‡Z †c‡iwQj †h, AwaKvsk †WcywUivB cÖ¯v‡ei— wec‡¶|
Kv‡RB †m Zvi cv‡k Zvi mg_©K‡ì R‡ov K‡i nvZ Zz‡j †fvUvfywUi cÖ¯ve— w`j| †WcywUiv cÖwZev` K‡i ejj,
Òhw` †fvUvfywU GKvšB— cÖ‡qvRb nq Z‡e Zv cÖ‡Z¨K †WcywUi bvg ‡W‡K n‡Z n‡e|Ó gy¯vdv— Kvgvj Zv
cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i M‡R© D‡V ejj ÒAvwg wbwðZ †h RvZxq msm` GKwU HKg‡Zï gva¨‡g cÖ¯vewU— cvk Ki‡e
Ges GwU ïaygvÎ nvZ Zz‡j †fv‡Ui gva¨‡gB m¤úbœ n‡e|Ó hLb cÖ¯vewU‡K— †fv‡Ui Rb¨ DÌvcb Kiv nq, ZLb
¸wU KZK nvZ Gi mg_©‡b D‡VwQj| wKš‘ djvdj †NvlYvi mgq ejv nÕj RvZxq msm` cwi®‹vi msL¨vMwiôZvi
wfwË‡Z cÖ¯vewU— MÖnY K‡i‡Q| †WcywUiv A‡b‡KB nZf¤^ n‡q †M‡jb Ges GwU cÖwZev` K‡i Avmb †Q‡o
D‡V `vwo‡q ej‡Z jvM‡jb, ÒGwU mZ¨ bq, Avgiv †g‡b wbBwb|Ó gy¯vdv— Kvgv‡ji mg_©KMY cvëv wPrKvi
K‡i Zv‡ì wbe„Ë Ki‡Z jvMj| cvi¯úwiK wZi¯‹v‡ii gv‡S RvZxq msm‡ì †cÖwm‡W›U cybivq †NvlYv Ki‡jb †h
msm` cwi®‹vi msL¨v MwiôZvi wfwË‡Z mvjZvbv‡Zi Aejywß Aby‡gv`b K‡i‡Q| mfv GLv‡bB gyjZzex n‡q †Mj|
gy¯vdv— Kvgvj Zvi mg_©K cwi‡ewóZ Ae¯’vq mfvK¶ Z¨vM Kij| hLb Lwjdv Iqvwn` D``xb G msev` †c‡jb ZLb
wZwb †`k †Q‡o cvwj‡q †M‡jb Ges AwP‡iB Zvi fvwZRv Avãyj gwR` kvmb AwaKvi ewÂZ Ae¯’vq gymwjg‡ì
Lwjdvn wnmv‡e g‡bvbxZ n‡jb| ivóª GKwU AvBbm¤§Z kvmK wenxb Ae¯’vq i‡q †Mj|
hw` wLjvdvn †_‡K mvjZvbvZ‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i †djv nq, Z‡e †K wQ‡jb AvBbm¤§Z fv‡e iv‡óªi cÖavb? gy¯vdv
— Kvgvj mvjZvbvZ †_‡K wLjvdvZ †K wew”Qbœ Kivi e¨vcv‡i e¨wZe¨¯— wQj wKš‘ Gmgq Zzi®‹ wK ai‡Yi
ivóªxq miKvi KvVv‡gv Aej¤^b Ki‡Z hv‡”Q Zv m¤ú‡K© †m †Kvb Z_¨ cÖKvk K‡iwb| mvjZvbvZ Aejyß nevi ci
bZzb miKv‡ii iƒc‡iLv wba©viY Kiv Ri“ix n‡q coj| gy¯vdv— Kvgvj wK miKvi MVb Ki‡e Ges Lwjdvn‡K
KZ©„‡Z¡i cÖZxK †i‡L mvsweavwbK miKv‡ii †cÖwm‡W›U n‡e? hw` ZvB nq Z‡e mvjZvbvZ Ae‡jvc‡bi wm×vš
— wK cÖ_g ‡_‡KB AKvh©Ki n‡q c‡owb?
gy¯vdv— Kvgvj miKvi MV‡b A¯^xKwZ… Rvbvj Ges Zvi D‡Ïk¨ †Mvcb ivLj| hvi gva¨‡g †m RbM‡Yi Dci cÖfve
we¯vi— KiwQj †mB KZ©„Z¡ I ¶gZv eënvi K‡i †m GKwU bZzb `j MVb Kij, hvi bvg w`j Òwccj&m cvwU©Ó ev
ÒRbZvi `jÓ| Zvi D‡Ïk¨ wQj RbM‡Yi mg_©b AR©b Kiv KviY Zvi ¶gZv m‡Ë¡I Ges mvjZvbvZ †_‡K wLjvdvnÕi
c„_KxKi‡Yi †NvlYvi ciI cÖwZwbwa‡ì KvDwÝ‡ji (KvDwÝj Ae wi‡cÖ‡mw›UwUf) AwaKvskB Zvi wec‡¶ wQj|
d‡j †m bZzb miKv‡ii iƒc cÖKvk Kivi wm×vš— wbj| †m ZLb Zzi¯‹‡K wicvewjK ivóª wn‡m‡e †NvlYv w`‡q
wb‡R‡K Zvi †cÖwm‡W›U †NvlYv Kij| ‡m GwU ïi“ K‡iwQj RvZxq msm‡ì wei“‡× GKwU †bvsiv cÖPviYvi
gva¨‡g| hvi d‡j GKwU weeªZKi ivR‰bwZK m¼U m„wó Kij hv miKv‡ii c`Z¨v‡M eva¨ K‡iwQj| miKv‡ii RvZxq
msm‡` c`Z¨vM cÎ `vwL‡ji gva¨‡g ivóªxq ¶gZvq GKwU ïb¨Zv m„wó nÕj| m¼U hLb NYxf~Z nw”Qj ZLb wKQy
†WcywU cÖwZwbwae‡M©i KvDwÝ‡ji wbKU cÖ¯ve— w`j †hb Zviv gy¯vdv— Kvgvj‡K Zv‡ì miKvi cÖavb
wnmv‡e wb‡qvM †`q| cÖ_‡g †m fvb Kij †hb Zvi G Kv‡Ri †Kvb D‡Ïk¨ †bB, wKš‘ c‡i †m m¤§Z nÕj Ges RvZxq
msm‡` e³e¨ w`‡Z Dcw¯’Z nj|
Zvi e³‡e¨ †m Zvi †WcywU‡ì D‡Ïk¨ K‡i ejj, ÒAvcbviv Avgv‡K GB m¼Uvcbœ gyû‡Z© D×viKZ©v wnmv‡e
†W‡K cvwV‡q‡Qb| hwÌ GB m¼Ugq Ae¯’vi Rb¨ AvcbvivB `vqx| Kv‡RB iv‡óªi G welqwU GKwU ¶Y¯’vqx
NUbv bq eis Avgv‡ì miKvi eë¯’vi GKwU †gŠwjK Î“wU| RvZxq msm‡ì G gyû‡Z© `ywU KvR i‡q‡Q, GKwU
n‡”Q AvBbcÖbqb msµvš,— Ab¨wU n‡”Q wbe©vnx (kvmbKvh©) msµvš|— cÖ‡Z¨K †WcywU mKj gš¿bvj‡qi
wm×v‡š— AskMÖnY Ki‡Z Pvq I miKv‡ii cÖwZwU wefv‡M Ges gš¿xi cÖwZwU wm×v‡š— bvK Mjvq |
f`ªg‡nv`qMY, G Ae¯’vq †Kvb gš¿xB Zvi KvR Ges `vwqZ¡ m¤ú‡K© AewnZ n‡Z cv‡ib bv Ges Giƒc GKwU c`
MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ibv| Avcbv‡ì eyS‡Z n‡e †h, Gi wfwË‡Z †Kvb miKvi cÖwZwôZ n‡j Zv ev¯evqb— m¤¢e bq,
Avi hw` GwU ev¯evwqZ— nq Z‡e Zv †Kvb w¯’wZkxj miKvi nqbv, eis nq Ujgvb GKwU eë¯’v| Kv‡RB Avwg
Avgv‡K †cÖwm‡W›U K‡i Zzi¯‹‡K GKwU wicvewj‡K cwiYZ Kivi wm×vš— wb‡qwQ|Ó Zvi e³e¨ †kl Kivi mv‡_
mv‡_B †evSv †Mj †h Zzi¯‹‡K wicvewjK I wb‡R‡K Zvi cÖ_g †cÖwm‡W›U wnmv‡e †NvlYv w`‡q BwZg‡a¨ †m
GKwU Aa¨v‡`k ˆZix K‡i †d‡j‡Q| †m wb‡R‡K Zzi‡¯‹i AvBbm¤§Z †cÖwm‡W‡›U cwiYZ Kij|
Aek¨ mewKQyB gy¯vdv— Kvgv‡ji cwiKíbv gvwdK wbwe©‡Nœ m¤úbœ nÕjbv| †hgb, Zzi‡¯‹i RbMY wQj
gymwjg Ges gy¯vdv— Kvgvj hv Kij Zv BmjvwgK wQjbv| ÔKvgv‡ji D‡Ïk¨ Bmjvg‡K aŸsm KivÕ Giƒc GKwU
aviYv RbM‡Yi gv‡S Qwo‡q coj Ges Gi mv‡_ †hvM nÕj Kvgv‡ji e¨w³MZ wKQy Kvh©Kjvc| e¨w³MZ Rxe‡b †m
Bmjvg‡K N„Yv KiZ, mKj kixqvn AvBb‡K f½ KiZ Ges gymwjg‡ì cweÎ KvR ¸‡jv‡K Dcnvm KiZ| RbMY
AwP‡iB eyS‡Z cvij Av¼vivi bZzb miKvi Pigfv‡e Kvwdi| Ges Zviv Lwjdvn Avãyj gwR‡ì c‡¶ mg‡eZ n‡Z ïi“ Kij|
Zviv Zv‡K KZ©Z¡… wdwi‡q w`‡Z PvBj Ges Zv‡K Zv‡ì Kvh©Ki kvmK wnmv‡e wbhy³ Ki‡Z PvBj hv‡Z wZwb
Gme gyiZv`‡ì Kej †_‡K gy³ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| gy¯vdv— Kvgvj Nbvqgvb wec` m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb wQj Ges eyS‡Z
cviwQj AwaKvsk †jvKB Zv‡K wRbw`K I Kvwdi we‡ePbvq N„Yv K‡i| †m welqwU wb‡q Mfxifv‡e wPšv— K‡i
wLjvdvn I Lwjdvni wei“‡× †bvsiv cÖPviYv ïi“ K‡i| G e¨cv‡i †m msm`‡K AvMÖnx K‡i Zzjj Ges Ae‡k‡l Zviv
GKwU AvBb cvk Kij †h, †KD wicvewjKv‡bi wei“×Zv Ki‡j wKsev myjZv‡bi c¶vej¤^b Ki‡j Zv ivóª‡`ªvwnZv
wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e hvi kvw¯— g„Zÿ`Û| Gmgq gy¯vdv— Kvgvj cÖwZwU mfvq, we‡kl
102
K‡i msm‡` wLjvd‡Zi Î“wU wePÿwZ m¤ú‡K© K_v ej‡Z jvMj| †m wLjvdZ Aejywßi GKwU †¶Î cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z
jvMj| G welqwU eyS‡Z †c‡i †Kvb †Kvb †WcywU Zvi c‡iv¶ we‡ivaxZv K‡i wLjvd‡Zi KzU‰bwZK myweavi
K_v ej‡Z jvMj| Zviv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB gy¯vdv— Kvgv‡ji Avµg‡bi wkKvi n‡jb| †m msm‡` ejj, ÒwLjvdZ Avi Zvi
ag©hvRK‡ì Rb¨B wK Zzi‡¯‹i Kl‡Kiv… cuvP kZvãx a‡i jovB K‡i g‡i wb? GLbB Dchy³ mgq hLb Zzi‡¯‹i wb‡Ri
wel‡q j¶¨ Kiv DwPr Ges fviZxq I Avie‡ì K_v D‡c¶v Kiv DwPr| Zzi‡¯‹i wbR‡K gymwjg‡ì †bZZ¡… †_‡K
mwi‡q †bqv DwPr|Ó
gy¯vdv— Kvgvj Zzi‡¯‹i RbM‡Yi wbKU wLjvdvnÕi wewfbœ Î“wU weP¨~wZi K_v e‡j Gi wei“‡× †bvsiv
cÖPviYv Ae¨vnZ ivLj| ‡m Lwjdvn I Zvi mg_©K‡ì wei“‡×I †bvsiv cÖPviYv Pvjv‡Z jvMj GB e‡j ‡h ZvivB
cÖKZ… lohš¿Kvix Ges e„wUk‡ì Zuv‡e`vi| gy¯vdv— Kvgvj GLv‡bB †_‡g _v‡Kwb, eis hviv wLjvd‡Zi c‡¶
Ae¯’vb wb‡qwQj Zv‡ì wei“‡× GKwU mš¿vmx cÖPviYv ïi“ K‡iwQj| Giƒc GKRb †WcywU whwb Øx‡bi
cÖwZi¶v I wLjvdZ AvK‡o aivi evaëvaKZvi K_v cÖvKv‡k¨ †Nvlbv K‡iwQ‡jb Zv‡K †m iv‡ZB fvov Kiv Lybxi
gva¨‡g nZ¨v Kiv nq| ZviB GK Abymvix H iv‡Z hLb wZwb msm` †_‡K wdiwQ‡jb, ZLb Zv‡K nZ¨v K‡i| Aci GK
†WcywU GKwU Bmjvgx e³e¨ †`qvq gy¯vdv— Kvgvj Zv‡K †W‡K wb‡q duvwm‡Z Szjv‡bvi ûgwK †`q|
gy¯vdv— Kvgvj me©Î AvZ¼ Qwo‡q w`j| BwZg‡a¨ †m B¯vš^y‡ji— miKvi‡K Av‡`k w`j mvjvZzj Rygvq Lwjdvn
Lwjdv msµvš— Avè Kvq`v I ixwZbxwZ‡Z KvU QvU Ki‡Z| †m LwjdvnÕi †eZb †K‡U me©wbgœ gvÎvq
wba©viY Kij Ges Zvi Abymvix‡ì Zv‡K cwiZ¨vM Ki‡Z eva¨ Kij| hLb gy¯vdv— Kvgv‡ji wKQy ga¨cš’x mg_©K
welqwU j¶¨ Kij, ZLb Zv‡ì gv‡S cybivq Bmjvgx Abyf~wZ gv_v Pvov w`‡q DVj Ges Zviv wLjvd‡Zi wbwðnèZvi
e¨vcv‡i kswKZ n‡q DVj| Zviv gy¯vdv— Kvgvj‡K gymwjg‡ì Lwjdv wnmv‡e †NvlYv †`qvi Aby‡iva Kij| †m Zv
A¯^xKvi Kij| Gici wgki I fviZ †_‡K `yRb cÖwZwbwa Zvi mv‡_ mv¶vZ K‡i Aby‡iva K‡iwQj †m †hb wb‡R‡K
Lwjdvn wnmv‡e wbhy³ K‡i| Zv‡ì evisevi Aby‡iva m‡Ë¡I †m Zv‡Z KY©cvZ Kij bv| ZZw`‡b gy¯vdv— Kvgvj
wLjvd‡Zi P~ovš— g„Zÿ N›Uv evRv‡bvi cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡q †d‡j‡Q|
we‡`kx‡ì wei“‡× N„Yv, we‡`kx kÎ“ Ges Zv‡ì wgÎ wLjvdvn - G aviYvwU gy¯vdv— Kvgvj RbMY,
†mbvevwnbx I msm‡ì gv‡S Qwo‡q w`w”Qj| e¯‘Z: we‡`kx‡ì wei“‡× N„Yvi exR ecb wQj GKwU Qjbv,
cÖKZc‡¶… Gi gva¨‡g Lwjdvn‡K we‡`kx‡ì eÜz wnmv‡e cwiwPZ K‡i Zv‡K `vqx Kiv nw”Qj| hLb Zvi w`‡K
RbgZ Suy‡K †Mj, Ges Lwjdvni wei“‡× g‡bvfve Pi‡g DVj, †Zgwb GK mg‡q 1924 mv‡ji 3iv gvP© gy¯vdv—
Kvgvj msm‡` wLjvd‡Zi Aejywß, Lwjdvni AcmviY I wbe©vmb †NvlYv Kij| Gfv‡eB AvbyôvwbK fv‡e ivóª
†_‡K Øxb‡K c„_K K‡i †djv nÕj|
Zvi e³‡e¨ eënvi Kiv kã¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wQj, ÒwK‡mi g~‡j¨ wec`vcbœ wicvewj‡Ki i¶v n‡e I Zv GKwU kw³kvjx
‰eÁvwbK wfwË‡Z cÖwZwôZ n‡e? Lwjdvn Ges Dmgvbx‡ì P‡j †h‡Z n‡e| gvÜvZvi Avg‡ji ag©xq AvBb I
Av`vjZ cÖwZ¯’vwcZ n‡e, AvaywbK AvBb I Av`vj‡Zi gva¨‡g| ag©xq wk¶vi ¯‹zj ¸‡jv‡K ag©wbi‡c¶ miKvix
¯‹z‡ji gva¨‡g cÖwZ¯’vwcZ Kiv n‡e|Ó Gici †m Øxb I Zvi fvlvq ag©xq e¨w³Z¡‡ì Avµgb Kij| †m Zvi cÖKZ…
ˆ¯îvPvix KZ©Z¡… ‡`Lvj Ges †Kvbiƒc weZK© QvovB msm‡` Zvi cÖ¯vewU— DÌvwcZ I cvk nj| Zvici †m
B¯vš^y‡ji— Iqvwj‡K Av‡`k w`j †hb ciw`b ‡fvi nevi c~‡e©B Lwjdvn Avãyj gwR` Zzi¯‹ Z¨vM K‡i| Iqvwj ¯^qs
GK`j cywjk wb‡q gaïv‡Z Lwjdvni cÖvmv‡` Dcw¯’Z nÕj| Zviv Zv‡K GKwU myU‡K‡m wKQy Kvco I mvgvb¨
A_© w`‡q GKwU †Nvovi Mvox‡Z K‡i mxgvš— cvi Ki‡Z eva¨ Kij|
Gfv‡eB gy¯vdv— Kvgvj Bmjvgx wLjvdZ I Bmjvgx eë¯’v aŸsm K‡iwQj| Gi cwie‡Z© †m cÖwZwôZ Kij GKwU
cuywRev`x ivóª I cuywRev`x eë¯’v| Bmjvgx wLjvdZ aŸs‡mi gva¨‡g †m Awek¦vmx‡ì ¯^cœ ev¯evqb— K‡iwQj
hv Zviv µz‡m‡Wi mgq †_‡K `xN© mgq a‡i jvjb K‡i AvmwQj|
Bmjvgx wLjvd‡Zi c~btcÖwZôvq evav:
cÖ_g wek¦hy‡×i ci wgÎevwnbx Bmjvgx wLjvd‡Zi mKj f~LÛ `Lj K‡i wb‡qwQj| Zv‡ì cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ wQj wPiZ‡i
Bmjvgx wLjvdZ aŸsm K‡i †`qv Ges GwU wbwðZ Kiv †hb Avi KL‡bvB Bmjvgx ivóª gv_v Zz‡j `vov‡Z bv cv‡i|
Bmjvgx ivóª aŸsm K‡i †`qvi ci Zviv wbwðZ Kij hv‡Z c~bivq Gi †Kvb f~L‡Û hv‡Z Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZwôZ n‡Z
bv cv‡i| Bmjvgx ivóª hv‡Z Avi KL‡bvB cÖZ¨vewZ©Z n‡Z bv cv‡i Zv wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ Zviv wewfbœ cwiKíbv I
c×wZ MÖnY K‡iwQj Ges G j‡¶¨ Zviv GL‡bv KvR K‡i hv‡”Q|
103
GKwU mywbw`©ó cwiKíbv Abyhvqx gymwjg f~LÛ AwaKv‡ii cÖ_g w`b †_‡KB Awek¦vmx Jcwb‡ewkK kw³
gymwjg we‡k¦ Zv‡ì gywV k³ KiwQj| 1918 mv‡j Zviv Dmgvbx wLjvd‡Zi AšM©Z— ‡ek wKQ~ f~LÛ `Lj K‡i
wb‡qwQj Ges 1922 mvj bvMv` †mme ¯’v‡b mvgwiK AvBb ejer K‡iwQj| Zviv eva¨Zvg~jK kvmb ev
¯^vqË¡ kvm‡bi gva¨‡g Zv‡ì `Lj`vwiZ¡ k³ Kivi w`‡K gb‡hvM w`‡qwQj| Ae‡k‡l Gj 1924 mvj| G eQi kÎ“c¶ we‡klZ
e„‡Ub, Bmjvgx iv‡óªi cybR©vMi‡Yi c‡¶ †h †Kvb cÖKvi cÖZ¨¶ ev c‡iv¶ Av‡›`vjb `gb Ki‡Z eû c`‡¶c wb‡qwQj|
G eQi gy¯vdv— Kvgvj Jcwb‡ewkK Awek¦vmx kw³i Pv‡c Dmgvbx wLjvdZ eë¯’v Aejyß K‡i Zzi¯‹‡K GKwU
ÔMYZvwš¿KÕ cÖRvZvwš¿K (wicvewjK) iv‡óª cwiYZ Kij| Gfv‡e †m wLjvdZ aŸsm Kij Ges wLjvdZ
cybivwef©v‡ei Aewkó ¶xY AvkvwUI wZ‡ivwnZ n‡q †Mj| GKB eQi Avj ûmvBb web Avjx‡K wnRvR ‡_‡K
ewn®‹vi Kiv nj Ges ‡h‡nZz wZwb wLjvd‡Zi cÖwZ j¶¨ KiwQ‡jb, d‡j Zv‡K mvBcÖv‡m e›`x Kiv nj| GKB eQi
e„wUkiv Zv‡ì lohš¿Kvix‡ì mv‡_ wb‡q Kvq‡iv†Z AbywôZe¨ wLjvdvn Kbdv‡i‡Ýi Av‡qvRb ¯’wMZ K‡i G
cÖ‡Póv‡K e¨ © K‡i w`j| Avevi H GKB eQi e„wUkiv fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k `vbv †eu‡a IVv wLjvdvn Av‡›`vjb `gb
Ki‡Z m‡Pó nj| Zviv G Av‡›`vj‡bi j¶¨P~¨Z nIqv wbwðZ Kij Ges Av‡›`vjbwU‡K RvZxqZvev`x I ‡MvÎxq
Av‡›`vj‡b cwiYZ Kij| H GKB eQi Jcwb‡ewkK Awek¦vmx‡ì Pv‡c Avj AvRnvi wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Av‡jgMY ivóª
†_‡K Øxb c„_K Kivi AvnŸvb m¤^wjZ wKQy cÖeÜ iPbv Kij| Zviv Gme cÖe‡Ü `vex Kij Bmjv‡g ivóª cwiPvjbv
ev wePviKv‡h©i Rb¨ †Kvb g~jbxwZ †bB, G‡Z Giƒc †Kvb wk¶vI †bB Ges Bmjvg ïaygvÎ GKwU w_IjwRKvj ag©|
G eQi I Zvi cieZ©x eQi, wKQy K‚U-ZvwK©K Avie ivóª¸‡jv‡Z `ywU wel‡q µgvMZ weZ‡K©i AeZviYv K‡i
mK‡ji g‡bv‡hv‡Mi †K›`ªwe›`y‡Z cwiYZ Kij| G `ywU welq n‡”Q, `ywU jx‡Mi g‡a¨ †KvbwU DËg ÔAvie jxMÕ
bv ÔBmjvgx jxMÕ? cÎcwÎKv g¨MvwRb mg~n GB wel‡qi cÖwZB mK‡ji g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y Ki‡Z jvMj hwÌ ev
G `ywU jx‡Mi aviYvi wec¾bK Kzdj wQj Ges Giv Df‡qi Aw¯Z¡B— Bmjvgx ivóª cyb:cÖwZôvi †¶‡Î wQj
g~wZ©gvb cÖwZeÜZv| Awek¦vmx Jcwb‡ewkKiv cÖKZ… welq A_©vr Bmjvgx wLjvdZ ‡_‡K bRi mivevi Rb¨B
G welqwUi cÖwZ ¸i“Z¡ w`w”Qj| GB c`‡¶c mg~n gymwjg f~L‡Ûi RbM‡Yi g‡bv‡hvM wLjvdZ I Bmjvgx ivóª n‡Z
Ab¨Î mivevi Rb¨B †bqv n‡qwQj|
Zv‡ì `Lj`vwiZ¡ QvovI Jcwb‡ewkK kw³ ZzK©x Zi“Y‡ì g‡a¨ RvZxqZvev‡ì †kvMvb Qwo‡q w`‡Z ïi“ Kij| Zviv
`vex Kij Zzi‡¯‹i Dci we‡`kx‡ì (A-ZzK©xq) welq¸‡jv ‡evSvi gZ †P‡c Av‡Q| GwUB n‡”Q Dchy³ mgq hLb
Zzi‡¯‹i DwPr H me †jvK‡ì fvi wb‡R‡ì Dci †Q‡o †`qv| ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvI ZzK©x RvZxqZvev` Qwo‡q †`qvi
Rb¨ KvR Ki‡Z jvMj Ges A-ZzK©x ivóª ¸‡jv
†_‡K Zzi‡¯‹i ¯^vaxbZv `vex Kij| Awek¦vmxiv GKB ai‡Yi aviYv Avie Zi“Y‡ì gv‡S Qwo‡q w`j Ges Zv‡ì gv‡S
Avie RvZxqZvev` D‡¯‹ w`j| Zviv Zzi¯‹‡K GKwU `Lj`vi evwnbx wnmv‡e AvL¨v w`‡q Avie‡ì Zv‡ì nvZ †_‡K
gy³ nevi `vex Zzjj| Abyiƒcfv‡e ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvI Avie‡ì gv‡S HK¨ I Avie ¯^vaxbZvi `vex‡Z ‡mv”Pvi nj| Zviv
kxNÖB Bmjvgx a¨vb aviYvq †h ïb¨Zv m„wó n‡qwQj ‡mLv‡b ¯’vb K‡i wbj| djZ: ZzK©xiv RvZxqZvev‡ì
wfwË‡Z Zv‡ì ¯^vaxbZv jvf Kij Ges Avieiv RvZxqZvev`x ‡fŠMwjK Ae¯’v‡bi wfwË‡Z ¯^vqË kvm‡bi Rb¨ KvR
Ki‡Z jvMj| RvZxqZvev` I ‡`k‡cÖ‡gi aviYv Lye `ª“Z mgMÖ gymwjg‡ì g‡a¨ Qwo‡q coj Ges Zviv GKmgq G
welq¸‡jv wb‡q Me© Ki‡Z ïi“ Kij|
Jcwb‡ewkK kw³¸‡jv GLv‡bB †_‡g _v‡Kwb| eis Zviv Bmjvg I Bmjvgx kvmb m¤ú‡K©I åvwšg~jK— aviYv
Qwo‡q w`‡Z ïi“ Kij| Zviv wLjvdZ †K ‡cvc I hvRKxq kvmb wnmv‡e wPwnèZ Ki‡Z jvMj| GwU Ggb GK Ae¯’vq
†cuŠQvj hLb gymwjgiv wLjvdZ aviYvwU cÖKvk Ki‡Z ev kãwU D”PviY Ki‡ZB weeªZ‡eva Ki‡Z jvMj| Gmgq
gymwjg‡ì gv‡S AwaKvs‡kiB GKwU aviYv Rb¥vj †h wLjvdZ kãwUi D”PviY GKwU cðvrc` welq I K‚cgÛyKZv|
Kv‡RB GwU †Kvb wkw¶Z gvby‡li D”PviY Kiv †kvfv cvqbv|
GgbB Zxeª GK RvZxqZvev`x Abyf~wZi gv‡S Awek¦vmxiv (Kvwdiiv) Bmjvgx ivóª‡K AKvh©Ki K‡iwQj|
GwU‡K ¶z`ª ¶z`ª iv‡óª wef³ K‡i ¯’vbxq Awaevmx‡ì G wefw³ †Rvi`vi Kivi e¨vcv‡i DrmvwnZ KiwQj| Dmgvbx
wLjvdZ ivóª †QvU †QvU KZ¸‡jv iv‡óª cwiYZ nj| Giv n‡”Q Zzi¯‹, wgki, BivK, wmwiqv, †jevbb, wdwjw¯b,—
c~e© R`©vb, wnRvR, bR` Ges B‡q‡gb| G mKj AÂ‡ji lohš¿Kvix wKsev mw`”Qv m¤úbœ Dfq ivRbxwZwe`MY
cÖwZwU iv‡óª Zv‡ì ¯^vaxbZv `vex K‡i Kbdv‡iÝ Ki‡Z jvMj| G¸‡jv wQj Awek¦vmx‡ì wba©vib K‡i ‡`qv ci¯úi
wew”Qbœ ¶z`ª ¶z`ª ivóª¸‡jvi ¯^vaxbZvi `vex| GiB wfwË‡Z Zzi¯‹, BivK, wgki, wmwiqv BZ¨vw` ivó&ª cÖwZwôZ
nq| Gici wdwjw¯‡b— Bû`x‡ì Rb¨ GKwU RvZxq gvZf~wg… cÖwZwôZ nq| GwU cieZ©x‡Z GKwU ¯^vaxb
cwiPq cÖvß nq| GwU wQj Awek¦vmx‡ì m„ó gymwjg we‡k¦ cÖ‡e‡ki GKwU ivR‰bwZK †mZzgyL| Gi gva¨‡g
Awek¦vmx Jcwb‡ewkKiv Zv‡ì A_©vr d«vÝ, e„‡Ub I hy³iv‡óªi w`K †_‡K gymwjg‡ì `„wó Ab¨Î mwi‡q w`‡Z
m¶g nj| GwU Av‡Rv wLjvdZ c~b:cÖwZôvi ‡¶‡Î GKwU wekvj cÖwZeÜKZv n‡q Av‡Q| GB †fŠMwjK Ae¯’vb I
mvaviY `„k¨cU G Rb¨ m„wó Kiv nq †hb gymwjgiv KL‡bvB wb‡R‡ì cÖKZv‡… © ¯^vaxb Ki‡Z bv cv‡i|
104
Awek¦vmxiv A_©‰bwZK eë¯’vq cuywRev` Ges miKvix eë¯’vq MYZš¿‡K cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z m‡Pó nj| Zviv
Zv‡ì cÖkvmwbK I wePvi eë¯’vq cwðgv AvBb Pvjy Kij| Zviv Zv‡ì ms¯‹wZ… I Rxeb m¤úwK©Z avibv Qwo‡q
w`‡Z jvMj Ges cÖejfv‡e Rxeb m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì `„wóf½x cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z †Póv Ki‡Z jvMj| d‡j gymwjgiv cwðgv
Rxeb c×wZ MÖnY Kij Ges Zv AbymiY Ki‡Z jvMj| Zviv Zv‡ì G cÖ‡Póvq mdj nj| Zviv wgki‡K mvjZvbv‡Z
cwiYZ Kij Ges msm`xq ivRZš¿ cÖwZwôZ Kij| Zviv Biv‡KI GKwU msm`xq ivRZš¿ cÖwZwôZ Kij| wmwiqv I
‡jevbb‡K cÖRvZš¿ (wicvewjK) Ges c~e© R`©vb‡K GKwU AvwgivZ ivóª cÖwZwôZ nj Ges wdwjw¯b†K—
eva¨Zvg~jK Ggb GK kvm‡bi Aaxb¯’ Kiv nj hv cieZ©x‡Z GKwU Bû`x msm`xq MYZvwš¿K eë¯’vq cwiYZ
n‡qwQj| wdwjw¯‡bi— Aewkó Ask c~e© R`©v‡bi mv‡_ hy³ K‡i GKwU msm`xq ivRZš¿ cÖwZôv Kiv nj| wnRvR
Ges B‡q‡g‡b ˆ¯îvPvix ivRZš¿ cÖwZwôZ Kiv nj Ges Zzi‡¯‹ ivóªcwZ kvwmZ cÖRvZvwš¿K iv‡óª cwiYZ Kiv nj|
AvdMvwb¯v‡b— eskvbyµwgK ivRZš¿ cÖwZwôZ nj| Jcwb‡ewkK Kvwdiiv (Awek¦vmxiv) Biv‡b Zvi mvgªvR¨
eë¯’v eRvq ivL‡Z DrmvwnZ Kij Ges fvi‡Z Zv‡ì Jcwb‡ewkK kvmb eRvq ivLj| cieZ©x‡Z fviZ †f‡½ `ywU ivóª
cÖwZwôZ nq| Jcwb‡ewkK Awek¦vmxiv gymwjg‡ì Dci Zv‡ì eë¯’v Pvwc‡q w`‡Z m¶g nj Ges Gi gva¨‡g wLjvdZ
c~YtcÖwZôvi aviYvwU ax‡i ax‡i RbM‡Yi gb †_‡K gy‡Q †djv nj|
GQvovI, cÖwZwU ¯’vbxq m¤cÖ`vq‡K Awek¦vmx‡ì eë¯’v AvK‡o ai‡Z DrmvwnZ Kiv nj| Zviv gymwjg we‡k¦i
Ab¨vb¨ ivóª mg~n †_‡K m¤ú~Y© ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡bi Rb¨ KvR Ki‡Z jvMj| Gfv‡e GKRb BivKx wgk‡i G‡m n‡q
†Mj GKRb we‡`kx| cyuwRev`x eë¯’vi RbK‡ì PvB‡Z GmKj ¶z`ª iv‡óªi kvmKe„›` cuywRev`x MYZvwš¿K
eë¯’v i¶vq †ekx AvMÖnx n‡q DVj| Zviv n‡q †Mj Jcwb‡ewkK Kvwdi‡ì cÖwZwbwa, Zv‡ì †`qv eë¯’vi
†`Lv‡kvbv Kiv I Zv msi¶Y KivB n‡q DVj Zv‡ì cÖavb KvR|
Jcwb‡ewkK Kvwdi kw³ gymwjg f~LÛ¸‡jv‡Z cÖZ¨¶fv‡e cwðgv AvBb Kvbyb cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z jvMj| AZx‡Z Zviv
GmKj AvBb gymwjg we‡k¦ Zv‡ì mn‡hvMx‡ì gva¨‡g Kiv †Póv K‡iwQj| Awek¦vmxiv 19k kZ‡Ki cÖ_gfv‡M
cwðgv AvBb ev¯evq‡bi— †Póv wb‡qwQj| Zviv wgk‡ii RbMY‡K divmx †Ìqvbx AvBb cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z DØy×
Ki‡Z jvMj, hv‡Z K‡i Zviv kixqvn AvBb‡K cÖwZ¯’vwcZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| G wel‡q mdj nevi ci Zviv 1883 mv‡j wgk‡i
divmx wePvi eë¯’v Pvjy Ki‡Z ïi“ Kij| cyi‡bv divmx †Ìqvbx AvBb¸‡jv Abyev` K‡i Kvh©Ki Kiv nj| GwU nj
wgk‡ii bZzb eë¯’v hv Av`vjZ ‡_‡K kixqvn‡K cÖwZ¯’vwcZ Kij| Dmgvbx wLjvdZ iv‡óª 1856 mv‡j cwðgv AvBb
cÖ‡ek Kievi j‡¶¨ GKB ai‡Yi GKwU c`‡¶c †bqv n‡qwQj| Aek¨ G KvRwU wgk‡ii gZ mn‡R njbv, KviY wLjvdZ
eë¯’vi wfwË ZL‡bv Dmgvbx ivóª¸‡jv‡Z wQj|
Awek¦vmx‡ì µgvMZ cÖ‡Póvi d‡j Ges Zv‡ì ‡`vmi‡ì mn‡hvwMZvq †dŠR`vix AvBb I be¨ A‰bmjvwgK wewa I
evwbwR¨K AvBb cÖeZ©b Ki‡Z m¶g nj| GwU Kiv n‡qwQj GKwU d‡Zvqvi gva¨‡g †hLv‡b ejv n‡qwQj Gai‡bi
Kzdi AvBb Bmjv‡gi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K bq| AvBb wjwce×Ki‡Yi aviYvwU wkKo we¯vi— Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡i Ges Avj
gvRvjv code AvBb wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡i| Avj gvRvjv n‡”Q 1868 mv‡j RvwiKZ… wewa hv eû gvRnv‡ei `ye©j
gZvbymv‡i AvBb wnmv‡e M„nxZ nq †hLv‡b cvwicvwk¦©KZv hyw³MÖvn¨ Kivi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avj
gvRvjv‡K AvBb wnmv‡e wjwce× Kiv nÕj| Av`vjZ eë¯’v‡K `ywU fv‡M fvM Kiv nÕj, 1. kixqvn Av`vjZ †hLv‡b
kixqvn AvBb AbymiY Kiv n‡e, Ges 2. †Ìqvbx Av`vjZ hv cÖ_gZ cwðgv AvBb Øviv cwiPvwjZ n‡e, †h cwðgv
AvBb¸‡jv Avevi GKwU d‡Zvqvi gva¨‡g êa Kiv n‡e Ges wØZxqZ kixqvn AvBb, †h¸‡jv cwðgv cÖwµqvi
AbyKi‡Y AvBb wnmv‡e M„nxZ n‡e| G me c`‡¶c wQj AvB‡bi †¶‡Î| Abyiƒcfv‡e msweav‡bi †¶‡ÎI iv‡óªi Rb¨
bZzb GKwU msweavb iPbvi j‡¶¨ wewfbœ c`‡¶c †bqv nj| G‡¶‡Î divmx msweavb‡K Drm wnmv‡e MÖnY Kiv nj|
G cÖ‡PóvwU bZzb AvBb cÖeZ©‡bi c`‡¶c ¸‡jvi mv‡_ Ry‡o †`qv nj| 1878 mv‡j G c`‡¶c cÖvq mdj n‡Z P‡jwQj
wKš‘ gymwjg‡ì cÖej cÖwZ‡iv‡ai gy‡L Zv ¯’wMZ n‡q hvq| Aek¨ Jcwb‡ewkK Awek¦vmx‡ì Ae¨nZ cÖ‡Póvq
Ges Zv‡ì mn‡hvMx I Zv‡ì ms¯‹wZ‡Z… gy» nIqv e¨w³e‡M©i mnvqZvq Zviv c~bivq bZzb msweavb iPbvi
Av‡›`vjbwU ïi“ Kij Ges Gevi Zv‡Z mdj nj| 1908 mv‡j G msweavb I Zvi bZzb AvBb ev¯evwqZ— nj| Avie e-Øxc I
AvdMvwb¯vb—* Qvov cÖwZwU gymwjg f~LÛ mivmwi cwðgv AvBb Øviv cwiPvwjZ n‡Z _vKj| ( *GwU g~j eB
cÖKvwkZ nevi mgq A_©vr 1952 mvj ch©š— mZ¨ wQj, wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b cÖwZwU gymwjg f~LÛB cwðgv AvBb
Øviv cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q - Abyev`K)| Gfv‡e kixqvn AvBb‡K eR©b Kiv nj hvi A_© n‡”Q Kzdi kvmb ejer nj I
Bmjvgx kvmb ewR©Z nj|
gymwjg‡ì Dci Kzdi kvmb‡K kw³kvjx Kivi †cQ‡b †h welqwU KvR K‡i‡Q Zv n‡”Q Jcwb‡ewkK‡ì PvZz‡h©i
mv‡_ M„nxZ Bmjvgx iv‡óªi wk¶veë¯’v‡K cwieZ©b Kivi c`‡¶cwU| Zviv gymwjg‡ì Rb¨ GKwU bZzb wk¶v
Kvh©µg cwiKíbv K‡iwQj| G wk¶v eë¯’vi cvV¨m~Pxi g~j j¶¨ wQj cÖwZwU wk¶v_©x‡K GK GKwU cwðgv
e¨w³‡Z¡ cwiYZ Kiv| A_©vr Ggb GK e¨w³‡Z¡ cwiYZ Kiv hvi Rxe‡bi cÖwZ _vK‡e cuywRev`x ag©wbi‡c¶
`„wóf½x| G Kvh©µg GLb ch©š— mKj gymwjg f~LÛ Ges Ggb wK Zv‡ì Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq ¸‡jv‡ZI Kvh©Ki
i‡q‡Q| hvi d‡j Avgiv eû wk¶K cvB hviv G wk¶v Kvh©µg†K i¶v Ki‡Z e¨¯|— Zviv cÖfvekvjx c`¸‡jv MÖnY K‡i
Ges Kvwdi‡ì B”Qv ev¯evqb— K‡i| wk¶v bxwZwU g~jZ `ywU g~jbxwZi wfwË‡Z ‰Zix Kiv n‡qwQj|
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cÖ_g g~jbxwZwU n‡”Q, kvmb Kvh© †_‡K Øxb‡K c„_K K‡i †`qv hvi cwiYwZ‡Z ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB ivóª ‡_‡K
Øxb‡K c„_K n‡e| G c`‡¶cwU Av‡iv GKwU welq wbwðZ K‡i, Zv n‡”Q Zi“Y gymwjgiv fwel¨‡Z Bmjvgx ivóª
c~b:cÖwZôvi Rb¨ jovB Ki‡ebv| KviY GwU (Bmjvgx ivóª c~b:cÖwZôvi Rb¨ jovB), ‡m †h wk¶v jvf K‡i‡Q Zvi
†gŠwjK wel‡qi mv‡_B mvsNwl©K|
wØZxq g~jbxwZ n‡”Q Jcwb‡ewkK Kvwdi‡ì e¨w³Z¡‡K Zi“Y gymwjg‡ì Rb¨ AbyKiYxq Kiv| GwU Zv‡ì gb‡K
Kzdi ms¯‹wZ… I Z_¨ Øviv c~Y© K‡i ivL‡Z mnvqK n‡e| G ai‡Yi c`‡¶c Kvwdi cÖwZ m¤§vb Rvbv‡Z †kLv‡e|
GwU Zv‡K, Jcwb‡ewkK Kvwdi nIqv m‡Ë¡I Zv‡ì gwngvgwÛZ Ki‡Z, AbyKiY Ki‡Z I eÜz n‡Z DØy× Ki‡e|
GwU Zv‡ì gymwjg‡ì Akª×v I †nq Ki‡Z †kLv‡e Ges Zv‡ì
†_‡K `y‡i _vK‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| G ai‡Yi Abyf~wZ Zv‡ì c¶ ‡_‡K wKQy wkL‡Z ev MÖnY Ki‡Z wbiƒrmvwnZ
Ki‡e Ges ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB Bmjvgx ivóª c~b:cÖwZôvi jovB †_‡K `y‡i †V‡j †`‡e|
Jcwb‡ewkKiv eyS‡Z †c‡iwQj †h Zv‡ì cwiKwíZ I wbweo ZË¡veav‡b cÖYxZ ¯‹z‡ji cvV¨m~PxB h‡_ó bq| Zviv
Av‡iv AMÖmi n‡q Jcwb‡ewkK g~jbxwZi Dci wfwË K‡i wgkbvix ¯‹zj cÖwZôv Kij| Gi mv‡_ †hvM nj
ms¯‹wZK… †K›`ª mg~n hv‡ì cÖavb KvR wQj weåvwšKi— ivR‰bwZK aviYv Qwo‡q †`qv| djvdj ¯îƒc Gai‡Yi
wk¶v ‡K›`ªmg~‡ni wk¶vi cwi‡ek D¤§vn‡K Ggb GK ms¯‹wZ‡Z… Af¨¯— K‡i Zzjj hv Zv‡ì Bmjvgx ivó&ª
c~b:cÖwZôvi wPšv— n‡Z `y‡i mwi‡q w`j Ges GKv‡R wb‡qvwRZ nIqvq cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó Kij|
Rxeb †_‡K Øxb‡K c„_K Kivi aviYvwU eyw×Rxwe‡ì gv‡S e¨vcKfv‡e Qwo‡q coj| mgv‡Ri evKx‡ì wbKU
GwU‡K cÖPvi Kiv nj Gfv‡e †h GwU n‡”Q ivRbxwZ wKsev ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi mvaviY KvR¸‡jv †_‡K a‡g©i
c„_KxKiY| djvdj ¯îƒc wKQy eyw×Rxwe `vex Kij †h gymwjg‡ì AebwZi KviY n‡”Q Øx†bi mv‡_ Zv‡ì m¤ú„³Zv
Ges RvZxqZvev`B n‡”Q c~bR©vMi‡Yi GKgvÎ c_| Ab¨ GK`j eyw×Rxwei g‡Z gymwjg‡ì Aa:cZ‡bi Rb¨ Zv‡ì
‰bwZK Ae¶q `vqx| cÖ_g `‡ji aviYv Abyhvqx RvZxqZvev`x ivR‰bwZK `j MwVZ nj Ges `vex Kiv nj Zv‡ì
Bmjvgx wfwË i‡q‡Q| GwU Avm‡j wQj Jcwb‡ewkK‡ì GKwU Pvj gvÎ| Aciw`‡K ˆbwZKZvi wfwË‡Z †ek wKQy
`j MwVZ nÕj hviv ag© cÖPvi Kiv I Ava¨vwZ¥K w`Kwb‡`©kbv wb‡q e¨¯— _vKj| Giv ¯^Zš¿ e¨w³‡ì ˆbwZKZvi
DrKl©Zv wb‡q KvR Ki‡Z jvMj wKš‘ ivRbxwZ‡Z Rov‡bv †_‡K weiZ _vKj| G ai‡Yi `j¸‡jvB Bmjvgx ivóª
c~Y©cÖwZôvi †¶‡Î cÖavb cÖwZeÜKZv wnmv‡e Kvh©Ki f~wgKv ivLj| Zviv gymwjg‡ì gb‡K Ab¨Î mwi‡q w`j|
GQvovI G `j¸‡jv ˆZix Kiv n‡qwQj Jcwb‡ewkK wfwËi Dci `vo Kwi‡q hv Bmjv‡gi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K| Ges
GKvi‡YB Zviv Bmjvgx iv‡óªi c~Y:cÖwZôvq memgq euvav m„wó K‡i G‡m‡Q|
M„nxZ bZzb ivR‰bwZK Kvh©µg i¶v Ki‡Z bZzb bZzb AvBb cvk Kiv n‡Z jvMj| wKQy AvBb Kiv nj hvi gva¨‡g
Bmjvgx `j MVb I Av‡›`vjb wbwl× Kiv nj| Avi wKQy AvBb I Dcaviv ˆZix Kiv nj †hLv‡b `j¸‡jvi Dci Z_vKw_Z
MYZvwš¿K eë¯’v Pvwc‡q †`qv nj Ges ejv nj Zv‡ì `‡ji m`m¨c` †Kvb we‡kl ag©vej¤^x ev †Mv‡Îi Rb¨ mxgve×
ivL‡Z cvi‡ebv| Gi A © n‡”Q Bmjvgx ivóª c~bR©‡b¥i Rb¨ gymwjg f~L‡Û Bmjvgx `j MVb AvB‡bi cwicš’x|
gymwjg‡ì `vZe¨ ms¯’v I Abyiƒc msMVb Qvov Avi †Kvb `j MV‡bi AwaKvi _vKj bv| Bmjv‡gi wfwË‡Z ivRbxwZ
Kiv Zv‡ì Rb¨ wbwl× Kiv nj| †Kvb †Kvb AvBb K‡i ejv nj Bmjvgx `j MVb n‡”Q gvivZ¥K kvw¯‡hvM¨— Aciva| G
wewagvjvi Aax‡b gymwjg we‡k¦ †h ivR‰bwZK Kvh©µg M„nxZ nj Zvi g~j j¶¨ nj Bmjvgx iv‡óªi (wLjvdZ)
c~YM©Vb†K cÖwZnZ Kiv|
Jcwb‡ewkKiv GLv‡bB †_‡g _vKj bv| eis Zviv Bmjvgx ivóª m¤ú‡K© wPšv— †_‡K g‡bv‡hvM wew”Qbœ K‡i
ivLvi j‡¶¨ gymwjg‡ì ¶z`ª I ¸i“Z¡nxb wel‡q e¨¯— K‡i ivLj| Zviv Ggb Bmjvgx Kbdv‡iÝ Av‡qvRb Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ
Ki‡Z jvMj hv cÖKZ… KvR A_©vr Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Aax‡b Bmjvgx Rxeb hvcb Kivi AvnŸvb †_‡K g‡bv‡hvM
Ab¨w`‡K mwi‡q iv‡L| Gai‡Yi Kbdv‡iÝ gymwjg‡ì nZvkv I Bmjvgx Av‡eM†K wfbœ Lv‡Z cÖevwnZ Kivi
GKwU wbivc` iv¯v— wnmv‡e KvR Ki‡Z jvMj| GmKj Kbdv‡i‡Ý wm×vš— n‡e, cÎ cwÎKvq Qvcv n‡e, †iwWI
wUwf‡Z cÖPvwiZ n‡e, wKš‘ KL‡bvB Zv ev¯evwqZ— n‡ebv|
‡jLK I e³v‡ì DrmvwnZ Kiv nj Bmjvgx ivóª‡K (wLjvdZ) GKwU ûgwK wnmv‡e Rbmg‡¶ cÖPvi Kivi Rb¨| Zviv G
aviYv cÖPvi Ki‡Z jvMj †h Bmjv‡g †Kvb wePvi eë¯’v †bB| fvov Kiv gymwjg‡ì w`‡q Jcwb‡ewkK‡ì G mKj
gZev` m¤^wjZ eû eB cy¯K,— cÖeÜ, iPbv †jLv nj| Gi j¶¨ wQj gymwjg‡ì Av‡iv wec_Mvgx Kiv Ges Zv‡ì Øxb
†_‡K Av‡iv `y‡i mwi‡q †`qv Ges Øxb Abyhvqx Bmjvgx Rxeb hvcb Kivi AvnŸv‡b mvov w`‡q KvR Kiv †_‡K
weiZ ivLv|
Bmjvgx ivóª‡K (wLjvdZ) aŸsm Kivi ci ‡_‡K Jcwb‡ewkKiv Bmjvgx ivóª c~YM©V‡bi cÖwZwU c`‡¶‡c
cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó K‡i †i‡L‡Q Ges Ki‡Q| Zviv c„w_exi eyK †_‡K Bmjvgx ivóª aŸsm K‡i †`qvi ci Gi
c~b:cÖwZôvi mKj cÖ‡Póv‡K cÖwZnZ Kivi Rb¨ Zv‡ì cÖ‡Póv †K›`ªxf~Z K‡i‡Q|
106
D‡cw¶Z `vwqZ¡:
Bmjvgx ivóª (wLjvdZ) Gi KvVv‡gv mvZwU ¯‡¤—¢i Dci cÖwZwôZ: Lwjdvn, Zvi mnKvix, wRnv‡ì AwabvqK
(Avwgi“j wRnv`), wePvi eë¯’v, Djv, cÖkvmwbK eë¯’v, Ges gRwjm Dj D¤§vn| Bmjvgx iv‡óªi KvVv‡gv
m¤ú~Y© nq hw` G mvZwU Dcv`vb we`¨gvb _v‡K| G Dcv`vb ¸‡jvi ‡Kvb GKwU Abycw¯’Z _vK‡j ivóªxq
KvVv‡gvwU Am¤ú~Y© _v‡K wKš‘ ivóªwU Bmjvgx ivóª wnmv‡e Kvh©Ki _v‡K| G Dcv`vb ¸‡jv‡Z †Kvb Î“wU
wKsev KgwZ Gi Ae¯’vb‡K cv‡ë †`qbv, hw` ev¯e— m¤§Z GKRb Lwjdv _v‡K, KviY wZwbB iv‡óªi g~j wfwË|
Bmjvgx kvmb eë¯’vi PviwU g~jbxwZ i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv n‡”Q,
1. mve©‡fŠgZ¡ kixqvnÕi|
2. KZ©Z¡… D¤§vni|
3. GKRb Lwjdvi wb‡qvM|
4. Lwjdvi kwiqvn AvBb MÖnb Kiv I Zv AvBb wnmv‡e cÖ‡qv‡Mi AwaKvi|
hw` G g~jbxwZ ¸‡jvi †Kvb GKwU Abycw¯’Z _v‡K Z‡e ‡mB kvmb eë¯’vwU A‰bmjvwgK n‡q c‡o| Kv‡R G
PviwU g~jbxwZ ejer ivLv Avek¨K| Bmjvgx iv‡óªi wfwË n‡”Q Lwjdv, Ges Ab¨vbïv Zvi mnKvix ev Dc‡`óv,
Bmjvgx ivóª n‡”Q Lwjdv whwb Bmjvg ev¯evqb— K‡ib Ges Lwjdvni Kvh©vjq ev Bgvgvn n‡”Q gymwjg‡ì mKj
wel‡qi gxgvsmv Kivi AwaKvi msi¶Y Kiv| G welq¸‡jv Bmjv‡gi g~jwek¦vm (AvK¡x`v) Gi Ask bq eis kixqvn
AvB‡bi Ask, KviY GwU gvbe AvPi‡Yi kvLv we‡kl|
Lwjdvni wb‡qvM`vb gymwjg‡ì Dci GKwU evaëvaKZv| gymwjg‡ì `yB iv‡Zi AwaK evBqvZ Qvov _vKvi
AbygwZ †bB| hw` Zviv wZb w`‡bi g‡a¨ GK Lwjdvi wb‡qvM w`‡Z bv cv‡i Z‡e Lwjdv wb‡qvMcÖvß nevi c~e©
ch©š— Zviv mK‡jB ¸bvnMvi n‡e| Aek¨ hw` Zviv Lwjdv wb‡qvM †èvi Rb¨ cÖvYvš— †Póv K‡i I Ae¨nZ fv‡e
†m j‡¶¨ KvR K‡i †h‡Z _v‡K Z‡e Zviv ¸bv‡ni Askx`vi n‡ebv |
Lwjdvn wb‡qv‡Mi evaëvaKZvi welqwU KziAvb, mybœvn I mvnvev‡ì HKgZ¨ †_‡K cÖgvwYZ|
Avjvn myenvbyIqvZvÕjv ivmyj (mt) †K m‡›`nvZxZfv‡e Av‡`k K‡i‡Qb hv‡Z K‡i wZwb gymwjg‡ì Avjvn hv
wKQy bvwhj K‡i‡Qb Zvi Øviv kvmb K‡ib|
ÒAZGe Avjvn hv wKQy bvwhj K‡i‡Qb Zvi gva¨‡g Avcwb Zv‡ì g‡a¨ wePvi dqmvjv K‡ib Ges Zv‡ì Amvi
†LqvjLykxi AbymiY Ki‡eb bv|Ó (Avj gvwq`v 5:48)
ÒGes Avjvn hv wKQy bvwhj K‡i‡Qb Zvi gva¨‡g Avcwb Zv‡ì g‡a¨ wePvi dqmvjv K‡ib Ges Zv‡ì †LqvjLykxi
AbymiY Ki‡eb bv|Ó (Avj gvwq`v 5:49)
ivmyjyjvn (m:) Gi cÖwZ †h †Kvb cÖZ¨¶ Av‡`k, hw` Ab¨ †Kvb cÖZ¨¶ `jx‡ji gva¨‡g ïaygvÎ Zvi Rb¨ mxgve× Kivi
cÖgvY bv cvIqv hvq, Z‡e Zv mgMÖ D¤§vni cÖwZ Av‡`k wnmv‡e cwiMwYZ nq| †h‡nZz Dc‡iv³ AvqvZ¸‡jv
ïaygvÎ ivmyjyjvn (m:) Gi Rb¨ mxgve× Kivi †Kvb cÖZ¨¶ `jxj cvIqv hvqbv, Kv‡RB Bmjvgx kvmb cÖwZôv Kiv
cÖwZwU gymwj‡gi Rb¨ AZ¨vek¨K| Avi wLjvdZ cÖwZôv KivB Bmjvgx kvm‡bi cÖwZôv|
mybœvn †_‡K Avgiv cvB †h ivmyjyjvn (m:) e‡j‡Qb, Ò†h †KD Zvi mg‡qi Bgvg‡K Rvbv e¨wZ‡i‡K g„Zÿ eiY
Kij, †m †hb Rvwnwjq¨v‡Zi g„Zÿ eiY Kij|Ó Avngv` Ges AvZ Zvevivbx, gyIqvweqv (iv:) m~‡Î cÖvß GKwU
nv`xm †_‡K eY©bv K‡ib, Ôivmyjyjvn (m:) e‡j‡Qb, Ò‡h †KD evBqvZ Qvov g„Zÿ eiY Kij, †m †hb
Rvwnwjq¨v‡Zi g„Zÿ eiY Kij|Ó Bgvg gymwjg Zvi mnxn MÖ‡š’ Be‡b Dgvi Gi m~‡Î e‡jb, Ò‡h †KD Avjvni cÖwZ
AvbyMZ¨ †_‡K Zvi nvZ mwi‡q wbj, Avjvn cybi“Ìvb wè‡m Zvi mv‡_ (Cgv‡bi) †Kvb cÖgvY e¨wZ‡i‡K mv¶vr
Ki‡eb, Ges ‡h †KD evBqvZ Qvov g„Zÿ eiY Kij, †m Rvwnwjq¨v‡Zi g„Zÿ eiY Kij|Ó Aveyûivqiv (iv:) †_‡K Avey
mvwjn †_‡K DiIqv m~‡Î wnkvg eY©bv K‡i‡Qb, Ôimyjyjvn (m:) e‡j‡Qb, ÒAvgvi ci †Zvgv‡ì `vwqZ¡ †b‡eb
mZ¨vkªqx †bZe„›`,… †hLv‡b gyËvKxiv Zvi ZvK¡Iqvi gva¨‡g †bZZ¡… †`‡eb, Ges dvwmK e¨w³ Zv‡ì dvwmKxi
gva¨‡g †Zvgv‡ì †bZZ¡… †`‡e, Kv‡RB †Zvgiv Zv‡ì K_v ïb‡e Ges hv mZ¨ Zv †g‡b Pj‡e| hw` Zviv mwVK KvR
K‡i _v‡K Z‡e †Zvgiv jvfevb n‡e Avi hw` fyj K‡i Z‡e Zv †Zvgv‡ì c‡¶ I Zv‡ì wei“‡× hv‡e|Ó
107
mvnvev‡ì BRgv Gi w`‡K j¶¨ Ki‡j †`Lv hvq, ivmyjyjvn (m:) Gi B‡š—Kv‡ji ci Zviv Lwjdv wb‡qvM †`qvi
e¨vcviwU me©v‡MÖ ¸i“Z¡ w`‡qwQ‡jb| eby mvq`vi AvwObvq msNwUZ NUbv m¤úwK©Z `ywU mnxn nv`xm I
cieZ©x cÖwZwU Lwjdvi g„Zÿi ci mvnvev‡ì wm×vš— I Kv‡Ri wfwË‡Z G wm×v‡š— ‡cŠQv‡bv hvq| Lwjdv
wb‡qv‡Mi evaëvaKZvi wel‡q mvnvev‡ì HKg‡Zï welqwU Lei gyZvIqvwZi (avivevwnK eY©bv) wnmv‡e
cÖPvwiZ n‡q‡Q| mvnvevMY HKg‡Z¨ †cŠu‡QwQ‡jb †h GwU me©vwaK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© diR| GwU GKwU
mywbw`©ó cÖgvY wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ nq| ZvIqvZz‡ii (avivevwnK weeiYx) gva¨‡g GwUI cÖgvwYZ nq ‡h
D¤§vnÕi KL‡bvB Lwjdv wenxb Ae¯’vq _vKv evÃbxq bq| †MvUv D¤§vnÕi Dci GKRb Lwjdv wb‡qvM Kiv
A_©vr Zvi Kg©‡¶Î (Kvh©vjq) cÖwZôv A_ev ivóªcwiPvjbvi eë¯’v Kiv eva¨Zvg~jK| G Av‡`kwU cy‡iv D¤§vni
Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨| GwU ivmyjyjvn (m:) Gi B‡š—Kv‡ji cig~ûZ© †_‡K ïi“ n‡q‡Q Ges wKqvgZ ch©š— Ae¨nZ _vK‡e|
mvnvev‡ì wbKU Lwjdv wbe©vP‡bi ¸i“Z¡ I G m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv KZUzKz gvÎvq wQj Zv ivmyjyjvn (m:) Gi
BwšKv‡ji— ci Zv‡ì Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g cwi®‹vifv‡e cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| Zviv GKRb Lwjdv wb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g iv‡óªi
cÖavb wbe©vP‡bi c~e© ch©š— ivmyjyjvn (m:) Gi `vdb wejw¤^Z K‡i‡Qb| cieZ©x‡Z hLb Lwjdv Dgvi web
LvËve (iv:) QywiKvnZ nb Ges g„Z¨ hš¿bvq QUdU KiwQ‡jb ZLb Zvi wbKU gymwjgiv cieZ©x Lwjdv g‡bvbxZ
K‡i †èvi Aby‡iva K‡ib| cÖ_‡g wZwb GwU A¯^xKvi K‡ib, wKš‘ hLb Zviv Ge¨vcv‡i Ae¨vnZ fv‡e Aby‡iva Ki‡Z
jvMj, ZLb QqRb cÖv_x‡K g‡bvbxZ K‡ib hv‡ì ga¨ ‡_‡K cieZ©x Lwjdvn wbe©vwPZ n‡e| wZwb Zv‡ì Rb¨ wZb
w`‡bi GKwU mgqmxgv †eu‡a w`‡jb| wZwb Av‡iv ej‡jb hw` Zviv wZb w`‡bi g‡a¨ †Kvb wm×v‡š— Avm‡Z bv
cv‡i, Z‡e †h e¨w³ Gi wei“×vPviY Ki‡e Zv‡K †hb nZ¨v K‡i †djv nq| e¯‘Z wZwb H Qq R‡bi ga¨ †_‡K wei“×vPvix
†h KvD‡K nZ¨v Kivi Av‡`k †`b hv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡KB wQj ïivi m`m¨ Ges e‡qv‡R¨ô mvnvev| G Qq e¨w³ wQ‡jb
h_vµ‡g, Avjx (iv:), Dmgvb (iv:), Avãyi ingvb web AvDd (iv:), Avj hyevqi web Avj AvDqvg (iv:), Zvjnv web
Devq`yjvn (iv:) Ges mvÕ` web Avwe Iqv°vm (iv:)| hw` Zviv wba©vwiZ mg‡q GKRb Lwjdv wbe©vPb Ki‡Z bv
cvi‡Zb G mvnvex‡ì ga¨ ‡_‡K †h †KD GKRb wbnZ n‡Zb| G welqwU †_‡K we¯§qKi fv‡e ¯úó n‡q hvq †h Lwjdv
wb‡qvM Kiv eva¨Zvg~jK|
GQvovI eû kiC `vwqZ¡ Lwjdvi Dcw¯’wZi Dci wbf©ikxj| †hgb Bmjvgx kvmb ev¯evqb,— `Ûwewai ev¯evqb,—
mxgvbv cÖwZi¶v, mgvR‡K wkw¶Z Kiv, †mbvevwnbx‡K cÖwk¶Y I A¯¿ mw¾Z Kiv, weZK© gxgvsmv Kiv,
AvBb k„sLjv eRvq ivLv, Ab¨vb¨ wel‡q j¶¨ ivLv Ges e¨w³MZ wKsev mgwóMZ A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK
†jb‡`‡bi welq mg~n BZ¨vw`| Gfv‡eB GKRb Lwjdv wb‡qvM Kiv eva¨Zvg~jK|
Lwjdvi c` MÖnb Ki‡Z PvIqvi B”Qv Ges Gi Rb¨ cÖwZØ›ØxZv Kiv AevwÃZ †Kvb welq bq| eby mvwKdvq c‡ì
Rb¨ mvnvevMY I ïivi m`m¨MY Lwjdv nevi Rb¨ cÖwZØ›ØxZv K‡i‡Qb| Nobody condemned or disowned this
action. On the contrary
the general ijma of the Sahabah regarding the competition for the post of Khaleefah is clearly established.
G‡_‡K ¯úó cÖZxqgvb nq ‡h LwjdvÕi c‡ì Rb¨ cÖwZØ›ØxZv Kiv AvBb m¤§Z I MÖnb‡hvM¨|
gymwjg‡ì Rb¨ GKvwaK Lwjdv wbe©vPb wbwl×| Avey mvC` Avj Lyìx (iv:) Gi m~‡Î Bgvg gymwjg eY©bv
K‡i‡Qb, Ôivmyjyjvn (m:) e‡jb, Òhw` `yRb Lwjdvi Rb¨ evBqvZ †bqv nq Z‡e cieZ©x Rb‡K nZ¨v K‡i †dj|Ó Aci
GKwU nv`x‡m ivmyjyjvn (m:) e‡j‡Qb, Ò‡h e¨w³ Bgvg‡K nv‡Zi Dci nvZ †i‡L Ges AvšwiK— fv‡e evBqvZ
w`‡q‡Q, ‡m Zv‡K AbymiY Ki‡e hZ¶Y m¤¢e, hw` Aci †Kvb e¨w³ G wel‡q weZK© m„wó Ki‡Z Av‡m Z‡e †m
e¨w³i ao †_‡K gv_v wew”Qbœ K‡i †dj|Ó Ab¨ GKwU eY©bvq ejv n‡q‡Q, Ò...†m †hB †nvK Zievixi AvNv‡Z Zvi
g¯K— wQbœ K‡i `vI...|Ó Zv‡K nZ¨vi welqwU ZLbB ev¯evqb— Kiv ‡h‡Z cv‡i hLb †m G‡_‡K weiZ bv nq
wKsev gvb‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡i| hw` Ggb GKwU †Mvôx cvIqv hvq hv‡ì mK‡jB Lwjdv nevi I evBqvZ MÖn‡bi
Dchy³ Z‡e hvi c‡¶ AwaKvsk gymwjg gZ †`‡eb, wZwbB n‡eb Lwjdv| †h e¨w³ msL¨vMwiôZv †K A¯^xKvi Ki‡e
†m we‡`ªvnx wnmv‡e cwiMwYZ n‡e| GwU ejer n‡e hw` g‡bvbxZ e¨w³eM© mkix‡i GKwÎZ nÕb| wKš‘ hw` Ggb
GK e¨w³ Lwjdv wbe©vwPZ nb hvi Lwjdv nevi mKj ¸bvejx we`¨gvb Ges AwaKvsk gymwjg Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³‡K
evBqvZ †`q Z‡e cÖ_g e¨w³ Lwjdv n‡eb Ges wØZxq e¨w³ cÖZ¨vL¨vZ n‡eb|
Lwjdv nevi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †hvM¨Zv n‡”Q, Bmjvg, cyi“lZ¡, ¯^vaxb, †hvM¨, cwiYZ, my¯’ Ges b¨vqcivqb| A_©vr
cÖv_©x‡K n‡Z n‡e gymwjg, cyi“l, cwiYZ, my¯’ cÖKZ¯’,… ¯^vaxb, †hvM¨ Ges b¨qcivqY| gymwjg nevi kZ©
evaëvaKZvi c‡¶ Avjvn myenvbyIqvZvÕjv e‡j‡Qb, ÒGes KL‡bvB Avjvn GKRb Awek¦vmx †K wek¦vmx‡ì Dci
weRq †`‡eb bv|Ó (Avb wbmv 4:141)
Lwjdv GKRb cyi“l nevi kZ©wU ivmyjyjvn (m:) Gi nv`xm †_‡K cÖgvwYZ| wZwb (mv:) e‡jb, ÒGKwU RvwZ
KL‡bvB mdj n‡Z cv‡ibv hw` Zv‡ì †bZv GKRb gwnjv nq|Ó cwiYZ I cÖKZ¯’… nevi kZ©wU Aek¨B cyiY Ki‡Z
n‡e KviY GKRb AcÖKZ¯’… I AcÖvß eq‡¯‹i †`Lv †kvbv I cwiPh©vi Rb¨ GKRb Awffve‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb nq|
Kv‡RB †KD hw` Zvi wb‡Ri welq¸‡jvB h_v_© fv‡e m¤úbœ Ki‡Z bv
108
cv‡i, †m Aek¨B A‡bï welq¸‡jv mwVK fv‡e cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡ebv| Zv‡K b¨qcivqb n‡Z n‡e, KviY LwjdvÕi
KvR n‡”Q Øx‡bi weavb ev¯evqb— Kiv| †m hw` wb‡Ri Dci Zv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z bv cv‡i Z‡e Zvi A‡bï Dci Zv
cÖ‡qvM Kivi e¨vcv‡i Lye GKUv Av¯’vkxj nIqv hvqbv| KviY GKR‡bi Kv‡Q hv †bB Zv †m KL‡bvB Ab¨‡K
w`‡Z cv‡ibv| b¨qcivqYZv Ggb GK kZ© hv Aek¨B c~iY Ki‡Z n‡e Ab¨_vq †m GKRb dvwmK n‡q hv‡e| Ges
Aek¨B GKRb dvwmK e¨w³ Lwjdv nevi †¶‡Î A‡hvM¨ we‡ewPZ n‡eb Ges †m Zvi c‡` AwawôZ _vK‡Z cvi‡ebbv|
wek¦¯Zv— GKwU kZ© hv P~w³‡Z wjwce× _vK‡e Ges hv me©`v cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e|
¯^vaxb nevi k‡Z©i †¶‡Î †h welqwU j¶Ÿxq Zv n‡”Q GKRb `v‡mi wb‡Ri DciB KZ©„Z¡ ev AwaKvi †bB, Kv‡RB
Zvi A‡bï Dci KZ©Z¡… _vKvi cÖkœB D‡Vbv| †hvM¨ nevi welqwUI cÖ‡qvRbxq k‡Z©i g‡a¨ Ašf©~³— KviY
†Kvb e¨w³‡K Zvi †hvM¨Zvi AwaK †Kvb KvR Ki‡Z ejvi welqwUB Aev¯e— I Aevši|— Gi gva¨‡g AvBb cÖbq‡bi
welqwU D‡cw¶Z nq Ges RbMY‡K Zv‡ì AwaKvi ‡_‡K ewÂZ Kiv nq| Kv‡RB GwU Aby‡gvw`Z bq|
GmKj kZ©vejx Lwjdv c‡ì Rb¨ wba©vwiZ GQvovI Ab¨vb¨ †h mKj kZv©ejxi K_v Av‡jgMY D‡jL K‡i‡Qb Zv
n‡”Q mvnwmKZv, Ávb Ges KzivBk eskxq nIqv wKsev dvwZgv (iv:) Gi esk™¢~Z nIqv| G¸‡jv wLjvd‡Zi Rb¨
AZ¨vek¨Kxq kZ© bq| Ges G `vex¸‡jv †Kvb †Rviv‡jv cÖgvb ev `jxj Øviv cÖgvwYZ nqwb| Kv‡RB G¸‡jv
AZ¨vek¨Kxq kZ© wnmv‡e cwiMwYZ bq| †h †Kvb gymwjg cyi“l †h cwiYZ, cÖKZ¯’,… wek¦¯,— ¯^vaxb Ges
†hvM¨, wZwb Lwjdv nevi Rb¨ Ab¨ gymwjg‡ì evBqvZ cÖ`v‡bi Dchy³| GQvov Ab¨ †Kvb kZ© Ri“ix bq wKsev
bZzb K‡i avh© KiviI cÖ‡qvRb †bB|
Bmjvgx ivóª (wLjvdZ) c~b:cÖwZôv mKj gymwj‡gi Rb¨ GKwU Avek¨Kxq KZ©e¨, KviY GwU mybœvn Ges
mvnvev‡ì HKg‡Zï gva¨‡g cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| gymwjg‡ì Rb¨ Bmjvgx gvZf~wg‡Z… emevm Kiv I Bmjvgx iv‡óª
bvMwiKZ¡ MÖnY Kiv eva¨Zvg~jK| wKš‘ Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZôv e¨wZ‡i‡K Zv AR©b Kiv m¤¢e bq| Kv‡RB
Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZôvi Kv‡R AvZ¥wb‡qvwRZ bv Kiv ch©š— gymwjgiv ¸bvnMvi n‡Z _vK‡e| KviY Bmjvgx ivóª
cÖwZôvi gva¨‡gB Zviv GKRb Lwjdv wbe©vPb Ki‡Z cvi‡e whwb Bmjvg ev¯evqb— Ki‡eb Ges Bmjv‡gi evZ©v
†MvUv we‡k¦ Qwo‡q w`‡Z _vK‡eb|
Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZôvq cÖwZeÜKZv:
Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZôv †Kvbfv‡eB GKwU mnR I mij KvR bq| Bmjvgx ivóª c~b:cÖwZôvi †¶‡Î KZ¸‡jv wekvj
cÖwZeÜKZv i‡q‡Q †h¸‡jv‡K cÖ_‡g fv½‡Z I AcmviY Ki‡Z n‡e| Bmjvgx Rxebaviv cyb:MÖn‡Yi c‡_ KZ¸‡jv
cÖavb mgm¨v i‡q‡Q †h¸‡jv mgvavb Ki‡Z n‡e| KviY GwU ïaygvÎ GKwU iv‡óªi Aw¯‡Z¡i— cÖkœ wKsev bv‡g
gvÎ †Kvb Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZôv bq, eis GwU n‡”Q Ggb GKwU Bmjvgx iv‡óªi cÖwZôv hv Bmjvg‡K GKwU
eë¯’v wnmv‡e ev¯evqb— Ki‡e †h eë¯’vwU Bmjvgx AvKx`v n‡Z D™~Z|¢ GwU Ggb GKwU ivóª hv Bmjvg‡K
kixqvn AvBb Abyhvqx ev¯—evwqZ Ki‡e KviY G AvBb Avjvn myenvbyIqvZvÕjv KZ©„K cÖ`Ë| Gfv‡e Bmjvgx
Rxebaviv cÖv_wgK fv‡e wbRiv‡óª cyb:M„nxZ n‡e Ges cieZ©x‡Z mgMÖ we‡k¦i gvby‡li Kv‡Q Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ
‡cuŠ‡Q ‡`qv n‡e|
Bmjvgx ivóª Bmjvgx AvKx`vi wfwË‡Z D™¢~Z aviYv I Av‡e‡Mi wfwË‡Z MwVZ nIqv cÖ‡qvRb| Bmjvgx wPšv
— I †hŠw³KZvq jvwjZ Ges Bmjvgx Av`k© I c×wZ Øviv MwVZ Bmjvgx gvbwmKZv mgv‡Ri bvMwiK‡ì gv‡S
we`¨gvb _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| kixqvn AvK‡o _vKvi Drmvn Avm‡Z n‡e wb‡Ri †fZi ‡_‡K| G Bmjvgx AvPiY gvby‡li
Øviv †¯^”Qvq, Drmvnx I kvwšwcÖq— g‡b Bmjvgx eë¯’v I Gi AvBb ev¯evqb— wbwðZ Ki‡e|
Bmjvgx iv‡óªi D¤§vn I kvmKeM© Dfq †¶‡ÎB BmjvwgK n‡Z n‡e| GwU Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU †¶‡Î BmjvgxK n‡e hv
Bmjvgx Rxebavivi c~b:MÖnb‡K Ggbfv‡e wbwðZ Ki‡e ‡hb †m mgMÖ we‡k¦ Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ †cŠ‡Q w`‡Z m¶g
nq| G‡Z ch©vqµ‡g Bmjvgx iv‡óª emevmiZ Agymwjg bvMwiKMY Bmjvgx Av‡jvKQUv Ae‡jvKb Ki‡Z cvi‡e
Ges `‡j `‡j Avjvn myenvbyIqvZvjvÕi Øx‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
G Kvi‡YB Bmjvgx Rxebaviv c~Y:MÖn‡bi †¶‡Î †h mKj mgm¨v i‡q‡Q Zv msL¨vq AMwYZ| G mgm¨v¸‡jv‡K
wbix¶v Kiv I Zvi mgvav‡b ¯úó GKwU cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
GmKj cÖwZeÜKZvi g‡a¨ mev©‡c¶v gvivZ¥K¸‡jv wbgœiƒc:

109
1. Bmjvgx we‡k¦ A‰bmjvwgK wPšvaviYvi— Dcw¯’wZ| Gi KviY n‡”Q Bmjvgx wek¦ GKwU Aa:cZ‡bi hyM
AwZµg Ki‡Q †hLv‡b mvaviYfv‡e i‡q‡Q wPšvi— AMfxiZv, Áv‡bi Afve, Ges hyw³ Dcv¯’vcbvq `ye©jZv
BZ¨vw`| †hLv‡b A‰bmjvwgK aviYv¸‡jv cÖwZwbqZ Bmjvgx aviYvi mv‡_ k³ we‡iva ‰Zix Ki‡Q| G ai‡Yi
mvsNwl©K A‰bmjvwgK aviYv¸‡jv M‡o D‡V‡Q eZ©gvb Rxeb, G Rxe‡bi c~e©eZ©x I cieZ©x Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K©
Bmjvg ewnf©~Z GK weåvwšKi— Dcjwä †_‡K| Gai‡Yi aviYv¸‡jv evavnxbfv‡e weKwkZ nevi Rb¨ gymwjg‡ì gb
GKwU Dchy³ ‡¶‡Î cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| d‡j Abvqv‡mB G ai‡Yi åvš— aviYv¸‡jv Mfx‡i wkKo we¯vi— Ki‡Q| d‡j
gymwjg‡ì gvbwmKZv, we‡klZ wkw¶Z gymwjg‡ì gvbwmKZvq G ai‡Yi åvš— aviYvi cÖZ¨¶ cÖfve cwijw¶Z
n‡”Q| G cÖwµqvq AbyKiYwcÖq GKwU gvbwmKZv ‰Zix nq hvi gv‡S †KvbiKg m„wókxjZvi ‡jk gvÎ †bB| G
ai‡Yi gvbwmKZv m¤úbœ e¨w³ Bmjvgx Av`k© MÖn‡Y AcÖ¯‘Z Ges Bmjvgx Av`‡k©i wbh©vmUzKz Abyave‡b,
we‡klZ Bmjv‡gi ivR‰bwZK ¯îƒc eyS‡Z Pigfv‡e e¨_© nq|
Bmjv‡gi `vIqv‡Zi A © n‡”Q Bmjvgx Rxebaviv c~Yivq MÖnb Kivi AvnŸvb| Agymwjg‡ì Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ
AvnŸvb Kiv nq Bmjvgx aviYvi mwVK Dc¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g| gymwjg‡ì wbKU Bmjvg‡K h_v_©fv‡e e¨L¨v Kivi ci
Bmjv‡gi c~b:MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ KvR Kivi AvnŸv‡bi gva¨‡g Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ †`qv nq| Gi gva¨‡g A‰bmjvwgK
aviYv¸‡jvi `ye©jZv I Zv‡ì fq¼i cwiYwZi K_v cÖKvk Kiv m¤¢e nq Ges Gfv‡e `vIqvn GKwU ivR‰bwZK iƒc jvf
K‡i †hLv‡b D¤§vn‡K m¤ú„³ Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zv‡ì Rxeb m¤ú‡K© Bmjv‡gi `„wóf½x, A_©vr G Rxeb, Rxe‡bi
c~‡e© I c‡ii ev¯eZv— m¤ú‡K© mwVK aviYv †`qv nq| GwU Ki‡Z wM‡q Rxe‡bi ivR‰bwZK ‡cÖ¶vcU, mgm¨v
I mgvavb m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv m„wó nq| Gfv‡eB Bmjvg cÖwZôvi cÖ_g cÖwZeÜKZvi
†gvKv‡ejv Kiv hvq|
2. ¯‹zj I wek¦we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡Z ev¯evwqZ— Jcwb‡ewkK‡ì cÖewZ©Z wk¶v Kvh©µg Ges c×wZ| †h mKj e¨w³eM©
miKvi, cÖkvmb, wePvi eë¯’v, wk¶v, wPwKrmv Ges Ab¨vb¨ †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ Ges hviv Gai‡Yi wk¶vcÖwZôvb
†_‡K mœvZK ev mœvZ‡KvËi wk¶v jvf K‡i‡Q, Zviv Jcwb‡ewkK‡ì mvRv‡bv cwiKíbv Abyhvqx KvR Kiv I
Zv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ ev¯evq‡bi— GKwU ¯úó gvbwmKZv MÖnY K‡i _v‡K| Jcwb‡ewkK‡ì cÖewZ©Z kvmb eë¯’vi
w`‡K j¶¨ Ki‡j GwU cwi®‹vi n‡q hvq| Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †h, Jcwb‡ewkK PvKi‡ì ¯’v‡b eZ©gv‡b gymwjgiv ¯’vb
K‡i †bqvi ciI Zv‡ì j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ Awfbœ i‡q‡Q Avi Zv n‡”Q GKB fv‡e Jcwb‡ewkK AvBb, ms¯‹wZ,… bxwZgvjv
Ges eë¯’vi msi¶Y I wbivcËv wbwðZ Kiv| G‡¶‡Î eZ©gvb gymwjgiv eis Jcwb‡ewkK cÖf~‡ì PvB‡Z K‡Vvi
Ae¯’vb MÖnb K‡i‡Q| G ai‡Yi cÖwZeÜKZv †gvKv‡ejvi Dcvq n‡”Q GmKj kvmKe„‡›ì I miKvix Kg©KZ©vi
gy‡Lvk D‡b¥vPb K‡i †`qv, Zv‡ì Kvh©Kjvc cÖKvk K‡i †`qv hv‡Z Rbmg‡¶ Jcwb‡ewkKZvi K`h© iƒcwU
cÖKvk n‡q hvq| Gi gva¨‡g Gai‡Yi bxwZgvjv I eë¯’v msi¶‡Yi cÖwµqv e¨nZ n‡e Ges `vIqvn gymwjg‡ì wbKU
mwVK mgvavb ev c_ Zz‡j ai‡e|
3. Awek¦vmx Jcwb‡ewkK‡ì cÖewZ©Z cvV¨m~PxÕi Ae¨nZ ev¯evqb,— AwaKvsk mœvZ‡KvËi wk¶v_©xi Abym„Z
Jcwb‡ewkK c×wZ Ges wk¶v cÖwZôvb mswkó e¨w³e‡M©i A‰bmjvwgK c‡_ AMÖmigvbZv| Avgiv GLv‡b wk¶v
Kvh©µ‡gi weÁvb I wkí msµvš— welq¸‡jvi K_v ejwQbv, KviY G¸‡jv GKwU mve©Rbxb welq hv †Kvb we‡kl
D¤§vnÕi mv‡_ mswkó bq| Avgiv GLv‡b H ms¯‹wZi… K_v ejwQ hv Rxe‡bi cÖwZ `„wóf½x‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i|
KviY Rxe‡bi cÖwZ G ai‡Yi A‰bmjvwgK `„wóf½x Ggb me wk¶v Kvh©µg I cwiKíbv MÖnY Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡i hv
Bmjvgx Rxeb c×wZ c~Y:MÖn‡Yi c‡_ Ašivq— ev cÖwZeÜKZvi m„wó K‡i| GmKj wel‡qi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q BwZnvm,
mvwnZ¨, `k©b Ges AvBbkv¯¿| BwZnvm Rxe‡bi Kvh©Ki cÖwZdjb, mvwnZ¨ gvby‡li Av‡eM-DÏxcbv‡K
cÖwZdwjZ K‡i, `k©b n‡”Q ‡mB aviYvi g~j hvi Dci wfwË K‡i gvby‡li Rxe‡bi cÖwZ `„wóf½x MwVZ nq Ges
AvBb kv¯¿ n‡”Q gvby‡li Rxe‡bi ev¯e— mgm¨v ¸‡jvi mgvavb wb‡q bvovPvov K‡i Ges GKRb ¯^Zš¿ wKsev
†Mvôxi ga¨Kvi †jb‡`b I G msµvš— cÖwZôvb ¸‡jv‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i| mvwe©Kfv‡e G welq¸‡jvi mgš^‡q ‰Zix
n‡q‡Q Jcwb‡ewkK‡ì ms¯‹wZ… hvi gva¨‡g Zviv gymwjg‡ì wPšv— †PZbv‡K wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z m¶g nq| GKvi‡YB
wKQy gymwjg g‡b K‡i‡Q, Zv‡ì I D¤§vnÕi Rxe‡b Bmjvg GKwU AcÖ‡qvRbxq welq| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †KD †KD
Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ we‡Ølfvevcbœ ev kÎ“fvevcbœ n‡q D‡V‡Q Ges Rxe‡bi mgm¨v¸‡jvi mgvav‡b Bmjv‡gi
cvi`k©xZv‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Q| Kv‡RB Gai‡Yi gvbwmKZvi cwieZ©b cÖ‡qvRb| GwU Kiv m¤¢e eZ©gvb mg‡qi
Zi“Y cÖRb¥‡K cÖPwjZ wk¶v cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi evB‡i mwVK ms¯‹wZi… gva¨‡g cwiPh©vi gva¨‡g| G cÖwµqvq
cÖ‡qvRb wbweo I cÖMvp wk¶v, Bmjvgx wPšv,— aviYv I AvBb m¤ú‡K© AbymwÜrmy Av‡jvPbvi m~ÎcvZ Kiv|
4. ms¯‹wZ… wfwËK welq, †hgb mgvRweÁvb, g‡bvweÁvb, Ges wk¶v weÁvb BZ¨vw` welq¸‡jv‡K AcÖ‡qvRbxq
m¤§vb cÖ`vb I weåvwš— g~jK fv‡e G‡ì †K weÁvb wnmv‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv| AwaKvsk †jvKB GmKj wefvM‡K
weÁv‡bi Ask wnmv‡e Rv‡b Ges aviYv K‡i G mKj wel‡q hv wKQy cov‡bv nq Zv ev¯e— cix¶v wbf©i Z‡_ï
wfwË‡Z cÖvß| d‡j Zviv G welq¸‡jv‡K Lye m¤§v‡bi `„wó‡Z ‡`‡L _v‡K Ges g‡b K‡i G welq ¸‡jvi ivq ev wm×vš
— mg~n meiKg weZ‡K©i D‡a©| G KvRwU Ki‡Z wM‡q Zviv Zv‡ì Rxe‡bi mKj mgm¨vi mgvav‡bi Rb¨ G
welq¸‡jvi Øvi¯’ nq Ges Avgv‡ì wek¦we`¨vjq I wk¶vcÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡Z G welq¸‡jv‡K weÁvb wnmv‡e cov‡bv nq|
djvdj ¯îƒc, g‡bvweÁvbx, mgvRweÁvbx I wk¶vwe`‡ì e³e¨ ¸‡jv‡K ZK©vZxZ m‡e©v”P w`K wb‡`©kbv
(†idv‡iÝ) wnmv‡e MÖnY Kiv nq
110
Ges Zv‡ì KziAvb I nv`x‡mi PvB‡ZI AwaK ¸i“Z¡ †`qv nq| A_ev G welq¸‡jv‡K Bmjv‡gi e³‡eï mv‡_ wgwk‡q
weåvwšg~jK— aviYv I `„wóf½xi Rb¥ †`qv nq|
Gfv‡e Rbgvby‡li c‡¶ G welq¸‡jvi mv‡_ wecixZag©x I mvsNwl©K †Kvb welq‡K MÖnb Kiv KwVb n‡q c‡o|
GwU mywbwðZfv‡e e¨w³ ev Rb Rxe‡bi mKj KvR ‡_‡K Øxb‡K c„_K Kivi w`‡K wb‡q hvq Ges Bmjvgx ivóª
cÖwZôvi †¶‡Î euvav n‡q `vovq| ev¯e— mZ¨ n‡”Q G welq¸‡jv‡K ‰eÁvwbK welq wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv hv‡ebv,
KviY GmKj wel‡q wm×vš— mg~n ïaygvÎ ch©‡e¶Y I Abywm×vš— (AbywgZ wm×vš)— †_‡K M„nxZ nq, ev¯e
— cix¶v (G·‡cwi‡g›U) Gi Dci wfwË K‡i bq| gvby‡li Dci G‡ì cÖ‡qvM †K ev¯e— cix¶v wnmv‡e †`Lv hv‡ebv,
KviY G‡¶‡Î †mwU n‡e cwi‡ek I Ae¯’v †f‡` gvby‡li wewfbœ AvPi‡Yi ch©‡e¶Y gvÎ| Kv‡RB G¸‡jv ïaygvÎ
ch©‡e¶Y Ges AbywgZ aviYv gvÎ, Ges †Kvbµ‡gB cix¶vMv‡i m¤úvw`Z ev¯e— cix¶v bq| GRb¨B G‡ì‡K
ms¯‹wZ… wfwËK wk¶v ejv nq, Ges Giv cÖKZv‡…_© weÁvb wfwË wk¶v bq| Gme †¶‡Î jä wm×vš— me©`vB
m‡›`nc~Y© I weåvwš‡Z— cwic~Y© nevi Dchy³| m‡e©vcwi G wk¶v¸‡jv GKwU wg_¨v †¶‡Îi Dci wfwË K‡i m„ó
KviY Zviv mgvR‡K e¨w³MZ `„wó‡Kvb †_‡K †`‡L _v‡K|
Zv‡ì msÁvq mgvR n‡”Q e¨w³i mgwó| Kv‡RB Zv‡ì `„wóf½x, e¨w³ †_‡K cwievi-cwievi †_‡K †Mvôx-†Mvôx
†_‡K mgvR; G aviYvi Dci wfwË K‡i cÖvß KviY Zv‡ì msÁvq mgvR n‡”Q e¨w³i mgwó | GaviYvwU †h Dcjwäi
Rb¥ †`q Zv n‡”Q mgvR¸‡jv ¯^vaxb Ges hv GK mgv‡Ri Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ Zv Ab¨ mgv‡Ri Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ bq|
cÖKZc‡¶… mgvR n‡”Q, gvbyl (e¨w³), aviYv, Av‡eM Ges eë¯’vi mgwš^Z iƒc Ges aviYv I mgvavb m¤úwK©Z
hv wKQy GK ¯’v‡bi gvby‡li Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ Zv me ¯’v‡bi gvby‡li RbÏ cÖ‡hvR¨| G aviYv I mgvavb GKvwaK
mgvR‡K GKwU Awfbœ mgv‡R cwiYZ K‡i hvi †¶‡Î GKB ai‡Yi aviYv, Av‡eM I eë¯’v cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e| wk¶v I
mgvR weÁv‡bi `ye©jZv n‡”Q G `ywU welqB mgvR m¤úwK©Z GKwU åvš— aviYvi Dci wfwË K‡i M‡o
D‡V‡Q|
GQvovI g‡bvweÁvb mgvRweÁvb I wk¶vweÁvb‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i| `ywU Kvi‡Y g‡bvweÁvb GKwU weåvwšKi—
wk¶v| cÖ_gZ: GwU gw¯®‹‡K— wfbœ wfbœ Ask fv‡M wef³ K‡i| Ges `vex K‡i wfbœ wfbœ Ask wfbœ wfbœ
Kvh©Kjvc, cÖeYZv ev ¯^vfvweK †hvM¨Zv (aptitude) Gi Rb¨ `vqx| d‡j ‡Kvb †Kvb gw¯‡®‹i— ‡Kvb †Kvb we‡kl
wel‡qi ‡kLvi ¯^vfvweK †hvM¨Zv Ab¨ gw¯‡®‹i— PvB‡Z †ekx| wKš‘ ev¯e— mZ¨ n‡”Q gw¯®‹— GKwU GKK
Ges gvby‡li wPšv— aviYvi êlg¨ GKwU ¯^vfvweK welq KviY Zvi cvwicvwk¦©KZv I gw¯‡®‹— c~e©jä Z_¨
wfbœ| Ggb †Kvb †SvuK ev ¯^vfvweK †hvM¨Zv †bB hv GKwU gw¯‡®‹— Dcw¯’Z wKš‘ Ab¨ gw¯‡®‹—
Abycw¯’Z| eis cÖ‡Z¨KwU gw¯‡®‹iB— †Kvb e¯‘ m¤ú‡K© wPšv— fvebv Kivi ¶gZv i‡q‡Q hLb ¯úk©‡hvM¨
ev¯eZv,— Cw›`ªq I cye©jä Ávb, Zvi Kv‡Q mnR cÖvc¨ Kiv nq| (A_©vr e¯‘wU‡K hLb †m ‡`L‡Z, ¯úk© I Abyfe
Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Gm¤ú‡K© cÖ‡qvRbxq Ávb Zv‡K †`qv nq ZLb †m e¯‘ m¤ú‡K© wPšv— Kivi ¶gZv cÖwZwU
gw¯— ‡®‹iB i‡q‡Q|) cv_©K¨ nq gw¯‡®‹i— g~j¨vqb Kiv I c~e©eZ©x Z‡_ï mv‡_ h_vh_ m¤úK© m„wó I
Cw›`ªqMZ Abyfe Kivi ‡hvM¨Zvq| wVK †hgbwU ZviZg¨ nq ¯^vfvweK `„wókw³i †¶‡Î| Kv‡RB †h †Kvb e¨w³‡K
†h †Kvb ai‡Yi Z_¨ †`qv hvq Ges †m H Z_¨vejx‡K AvZ¥¯’ Ki‡Z m¶g nq| Kv‡RB g‡bvweÁvbxiv cÖeYZv ev
¯^vfvweK †hvM¨Zvi †h `vexwU K‡ib Zv wfwËnxb|
g‡bvweÁv‡bi aviYvq cÖe„wË n‡”Q AmsL¨, Zv‡ì †KvbwU Avwe®KZ… n‡q‡Q Avi †Kvb †KvbwU GL‡bv
Abvwe®KZ|… wKQy wKQy ZvwË¡K cÖe„wË m¤ú‡K© Gai‡Yi wg_¨v aviYvi Dci wfwË K‡i wKQy
ZË¡ w`‡q‡Qb| ev¯‡e— hw` Avgiv gvby‡li cÖwZwµqv j¶¨ Kwi Z‡e eyS‡Z cvwi †h Zv‡ì mKj Abyf~wZi `ywU
w`K i‡q‡Q, GKwU n‡”Q Zzó/Zß… nIqvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, Zzó bv n‡j †m gviv hv‡e | wØZxq welqwU n‡”Q Zzó bv
n‡jI gvby‡li Rxeb P‡j hv‡e, wKš‘ †m n‡q co‡e DwØMœ I weKviMÖ¯’| cÖ_gwU ‰RweK Pvwn`vi
cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i, †hgb; ¶zav, Zòv… Ges cÖKwZi… Wv‡K mvov ‡`qvi welq¸‡jv|
wØZxq welqwU n‡”Q cÖe„wË hvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q, ag©xq, cÖRbb I †eu‡P _vKvi cÖe„wË| GB cÖe„wË¸‡jv †_‡K
`~e©jZv, cÖRvwZ i¶vi cÖeYZv I †eu‡P _vKvi cÖe„wËi Rb¥ †bq| GB wZbwU cÖe„wË Qvov Avi †Kvb cÖe„wË
†bB| G wZbwU cÖe„wË Qvov †h †Kvb cÖe„wË g~jZ: G wZb cÖe„wËi B D™~Z¢ iƒc| D`vniY ¯îƒc, fq,
AvwacZ¨ Ges gvwjKvbv, G wZbwU D™~Z¢ n‡q‡Q †eu‡P _vKvi cÖe„wË †_‡K, ‡MŠievwš^Z Kiv ev Dcvmbv
Kivi cÖe„wËi D™e¢ n‡q‡Q Ava¨vwZ¥K cÖe„wË †_‡K Ges wcZZ¡… ev gvZ…Z¡ I åvZZ¡… BZ¨vw` n‡”Q
cÖRbb cÖe„wËi wewfbœ kvLv cÖkvLv we‡kl| ¯úóZB, g‡bvweÁv‡bi `„wó‡KvY ‡_‡K gvby‡li cÖe„wËi
aviYvwU wg_¨v/åvš— Ges gw¯®‹— m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì `vexwUI fyj| Avi G åvš— aviYv
†_‡K D™~Z¢ ZË¡ ¯úóZB Av‡iv eo weåvwšKi— gZev` I wk¶vi w`‡K wb‡q hvq|
mgvR weÁvb, wk¶vweÁvb I g‡bvweÁvb n‡”Q cwðgv‡ì cwVZ I cÖPvwiZ mvs¯‹„wZK wefvM hv Bmjvgx
wPšvÕi— (AvKx`vÕi) mv‡_ mvsNwl©K| Gme welq m¤ú‡K© Lye D”P aviYv †cvlY Kiv Ges G‡ì g~jëvb m~Î
wnmv‡e MÖnY Kiv Bmjvgx ivóª c~Y:cÖwZôvi †¶‡Î GKwU eo cÖwZeÜKZvi m„wó K‡i| Avgiv †`Lv‡Z Pvw”Q
†h, GB mvs¯‹wZK… welq¸‡jv weï× weÁvb bq Ges G¸‡jv weZwK©Z welq Ges G‡ì djvdj¸‡jv AgxgvswmZ| Giv
wg_¨v †¶‡Îi Dci wfwË K‡i Pj‡Q Ges Avgv‡ì Rxeb cwiPvjbvq G‡ì †Kvb f~wgKv _vKv DwPr bq|
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5. Bmjvgx we‡k¦ mgvR A‰bmjvwgK Rxeb c×wZ Øviv w`Kåvš|— Gi KviY n‡”Q mgv‡R we`¨gvb ivR‰bwZK
eë¯’v, mgwóMZfv‡e mgvR †h g~jbxwZi Dci wfwË K‡i `vwo‡q Av‡Q Ges gymwjgiv †h Av‡eM Abyf~wZi aviv
AbymiY K‡i I Rxeb m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì eyw×e„wËK wPšvaviv,— mewKQyB Ggb me a¨vb aviYvi Dci wfwËK‡i
`vwo‡q Av‡Q hv Bmjvg ewnf©~Z I Bmjv‡gi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K| hZ¶Y ch©š— GB †gŠwjK welq¸‡jv
AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e, Ges GB åvš— aviYv¸‡jvi g~‡jvrcvwUZ n‡”Q bv, ZZ¶Y ch©š— mgv‡R gymwjg‡ì Rxeb
c×wZ, ivR‰bwZK eë¯’v, mvgvwRK k„sLjv, Av‡eM-Abyf~wZ I ‡hŠw³K aviv cwieZ©b Kiv `yiƒn|
6. gymwjg D¤§vn I Bmjvgx kvm‡bi, (we‡klZ: kvmb eë¯’v I A_©‰bwZK eë¯’vÕi) gv‡S µgea©gvb `yiZ¡| Gi d‡j
gymwjg‡ì gv‡S Bmjvgx Rxeb c×wZ m¤ú‡K© `~i`k©xZv (wfkb) †K my`~i civnZ wnmv‡e Dc¯’vwcZ nq| GKB
mv‡_ GwU `xN©w`b gymwjg‡ì gv‡S Bmjv‡gi AccÖ‡qv‡Mi my‡hv‡M Awek¦vmx‡ì Bmjvg‡K †bwZevPK fv‡e
Dc¯’vcbvi my‡hvM K‡i w`‡”Q| 1924 mvj †_‡K gymwjgiv Zv‡ì kÎ“‡ì Øviv kvwmZ n‡”Q Ggb GK eë¯’vi
gva¨‡g hv cÖwZwU wefv‡M Bmjv‡gi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K, we‡klZ kvmb-wePvi Kvh© I A_©bxwZi †¶‡Î| Kv‡RB
gvby‡li GwU †evSv cÖ‡qvRb †h, Bmjvgx Rxeb c×wZ MÖnY n‡Z n‡e cwic~Y©, AvswkK bq; Bmjv‡gi ev¯evqb
— n‡Z n‡e hyMcr Ges m¤ú~Y©; ax‡i ax‡i, AvswkK wKsev wew¶ß fv‡e bq|
7. gymwjg †`k¸‡jv‡Z ag©wbi‡c¶Zvi wfwË‡Z MwVZ miKv‡ii Dcw¯’wZ, hviv cuywRev`x Av`k© I MYZvwš¿K eë¯’v
ev¯evqb— Ki‡Q having strong ties with Western countries Ges hv RvZxqZvev‡ì Dci wfwË K‡i cÖwZwôZ| G
welqwU Bmjvgx Rxeb c×wZ c~b:cÖwZôvq mvdjï c‡_ GKwU eo mgm¨v wnmv‡e weivR Ki‡Q, KviY GwU
m¤ú~Y© I e¨vcK bv n‡j m¤¢e bq| Bmjvg, gymwjg f~LÛ¸‡jvi †QvU †QvU RvwZ iv‡óª wefw³ Aby‡gv`b K‡ibv|
eis Bmjvg f~LÛ¸‡jv‡K GKwÎZ n‡q GKwU Awfbœ kvm‡bi Aax‡b _vKvi evaëvaKZv wbwðZ K‡i| GwU `vIqvni
Kv‡R mvgwMÖKZv Avbvi welqwU eva¨ K‡i, hv kvmKe‡M©i cÖwZwbwa‡ì k³ cÖwZ‡iv‡ai wkKvi nq hwÌ
GmKj cÖwZwbwa wb‡R‡ì‡K gymwjg wnmv‡e `vex K‡i| Kv‡RB cÖwZwU f~L‡Û G `vIqvni KvR Ae¨nZ ivLv
cÖ‡qvRb, hwÌ ev gymwjg f~L‡Ûi kvmK‡ì cÖwZ‡iv‡ai gy‡L KvRwU mgm¨vm¼zj I Kó`vqK|
8. RvZxqZvev`, †`k‡cÖg Ges mgvRZ‡š¿i c‡¶ k³ RbgZ I G mKj aviYvi wfwË‡Z ivR‰bwZK Av‡›`vj‡bi DÌvb| GwU
n‡q‡Q gyjZ gymwjg f~LÛ¸‡jv cwðgv‡ì `L‡j P‡j hvIqvi d‡j Ges G‡ì ¶gZvmxb nIqv I cuywRev`x eë¯’v
ev¯evq‡bi— gva¨‡g| Avi Gm‡ei gva¨‡g gymwjg‡ì gv‡S AvZ¥i¶vi GKwU cÖeYZv m„wó n‡q‡Q| Gi mv‡_ hy³
n‡q‡Q RvZxqZvev`x Av‡eM hvi D™¢e Acwic° †MvÎevw`Zv I eY©evw`Zvi gva¨‡g hv g~jZ cwievi Ges †MvÎ
cÖwZi¶vi †SvK †_‡K D™¢~Z Ges hv gvbyl‡K ci¯ú‡ii gv‡S ¶gZv `L‡ji cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq e¨¯— iv‡L| Gi d‡j
f~LÛ †_‡K kÎ“ gy³ Ki‡Z RvZxqZvev` wKsev †`k‡cÖg bvgK cZvKvi bx‡P wKQy ivR‰bwZK Av‡›`vjb m„wó
n‡q‡Q hv Zv‡ì †jvKRb‡ì gv‡SB kvmb †K mxgve× ivL‡Z Pvq| Gici cuywRev‡ì `yb©xwZ I `ye©jZv AeavwiZ
n‡q DVvq mgvRZ‡š¿i we¯vi— N‡U| djvdj ¯îƒc, cyuwRev‡ì †gvKv‡ejvq mgvRZ‡š¿i SvÛv enbKvix wKQy `‡ji
m„wó n‡q‡Q| Gme Av‡›`vj‡bi Rxeb m¤ú‡K© cwi®‹vi †Kvb `„wóf½x ev `yi`wk©Zv (wfkb) †bB| Zv‡ì †KŠk‡ji
cwi®‹vi †Kvb j¶¨ wQjbv Ges Zviv Bmjv‡gi mve©Rbxb Av`k© †_‡K weP¨~Z n‡q c‡o‡Q|
Bmjvgx iv‡óªi DÌv‡bi cÖwµqv:

Bmjvgx iv‡óªi kw³ n‡”Q Bmjvgx wPšv— (AvKx`v) hv c×wZi (ZwiKvn) mv‡_ RwoZ| Ges GwUB Bmjvgx ivóª
c~b:cÖwZôv I Rxeb c×wZ c~b:MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ h‡_ó| Aek¨ G cÖwµqv mdj n‡Z n‡j, Bmjvgx wPšv— (AvKx`v)
gymwjg‡ì Aš‡i— Ges ü`‡q Mfxi fv‡e †cÖvw_Z _vK‡Z n‡e Ges gymwjg‡ì Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU †¶‡Î Gi ev¯e—
iƒcvqb _vK‡Z n‡e| GQvovI ivóª cÖwZôvi c~‡e© GKwU wekvj KvR K‡i †h‡Z n‡e, Ges Bmjvgx Rxeb c×wZ
wdwi‡q Avbvi Rb¨ AmvaviY cÖ‡Póv _vK‡Z n‡e| ivóª cÖwZôvi †¶‡Î ïaygvÎ AvKvsLv I Avkvevw`Zv h‡_ó bq,
wKsev Bmjvgx Rxeb c×wZ c~b:MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ ïaygvÎ Avkv I Drmvn DÏxcbvI h‡_ó bq| mKj Kv‡Ri c~‡e©
me©vwaK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© KvR n‡”Q GB cÖKvÛ cÖwZeÜKZv‡K Acmvi‡Yi Rb¨ G‡K mwVKgvÎvq gyj¨vqb Kiv|
Av‡iv GKwU ¸i“Z¡cyY© KvR n‡”Q †h me gymwjg G Kv‡Ri Rb¨ mvov †`‡e, Zv‡ì AbvMZ ¸i“ `vwqZ¡ m¤ú‡K©
mZK© Kiv Ges RbMY‡K we‡klZ ‡gavex I eyw×gvb Rb‡Mvôx‡K Ge¨cv‡i m‡PZb Kiv| GB me©vwaK
¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq m¤ú‡K© †h †Kvb gZvgZ I Zvi cÖwZdj we‡ePbv K‡i mZK©Zv, `„pmsKí, †ZR¯^xZv, Ges
mvnwmKZvi mv‡_ e³e¨ cÖ`vb I KvR Kiv DwPr| hviv Bmjvgx ivóª (wLjvdZ) cÖwZôvi Kv‡R c`‡¶c ivL‡e Zv‡ì
¯§iY ivLv DwPr †h Zviv GKwU wb‡iU KwVb cv_‡ii Mv‡q ‡Lv`vB Ki‡Z hv‡”Q wKš‘ `„pmsKí Ges GKvMÖZvi
gva¨‡g G k³ cv_i fv½v m¤¢e| GKB mv‡_ Zv‡ì gv_vq ivLv DwPr †h Zviv GKwU AwZ ms‡e`bkxj welq wb‡q
bvov Pvov Ki‡Q|
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Aek¨ Zv‡ì m`qfve GwU‡K wbLuyZ fv‡e bvovPvov Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| Zv‡ì m‡PZb _vK‡Z n‡e †h, Zv‡ì eo eo
mgm¨vi †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z n‡e, wKš‘ Zviv †m mgm¨v AwZµg Ki‡Z m¶g n‡e| Zv‡ì c_ †_‡K weP¨~Z nIqv AbywPZ
KviY Zv‡ì ¯§iY ivLv cÖ‡qvRb †h GB c_wU‡ZB iv myjyjvn (m:) P‡jwQ‡jb| hw` GB c_ PjvwU mwVK nq, Z‡e
Aek¨B djvdj Avm‡e Ges mywbwðZ weR‡qi e¨cv‡i ‡Kvbiƒc m‡›`‡ni AeKvk †bB| GwU †mB c_, †h c‡_
gymwjg‡ì mZK©Zvi mv‡_ c`‡¶c ivL‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î Aek¨B ivmyjyjvn (m:) Gi D`vniY Ges Zvi c`‡¶c ¸‡jv Lye
mZK© I mwVKfv‡e AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z K‡i †m ‡hb †Kvbiƒc †nuvPU bv Lvq| KviY cÖwZwU fyj wKsev
weP¨~wZ `vIqvn‡K wcwQ‡q †`‡e| AZGe, ïaygvÎ wLjvdvn Kbdv‡i‡Ýi Av‡qvR‡bi gva¨‡g wLjvdZ cÖwZôv
n‡ebv, wKsev gymwjg RbM‡Yi Dci wKQy iv‡óªi federation kvmb wLjvdZ cÖwZôvi h_v © c×wZ n‡ebv ev
gymwjg RbM‡Yi
GKwU Ks‡MÖm Bmjvgx Rxeb c×wZ c~b:MÖn‡b mnvqK n‡ebv| G¸‡jvi †KvbwU wKsev G‡ì gZ †Kvb eë¯’vB
mwVK wnmv‡e MÖnY Kiv hv‡ebv| eis G¸‡jv n‡e wg_¨v cÖwZkÖ“wZ m¤úbœ Kvh©Kjvc hv gymwjg‡ì †µva I
Av‡eM†K `gb Ki‡Z mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡e| G mKj c`‡¶c gymwjg‡ì Abyf~wZ‡K `gb Ki‡Z I Zv‡ì DÏxcbv‡K
wbw®Œq K‡i ‡`‡e Ges djZ Zviv cÖKZ… j¶¨ †_‡K weP¨~Z n‡q co‡e|
Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZôvi GKgvÎ Dcvq n‡”Q Bmjv‡gi evZ©v e‡q wb‡q hvIqv Ges Bmjvgx Rxeb c×wZ wdwi‡q
Avbvi Rb¨ KvR Kiv †hLv‡b gymwjg †`k¸‡jv‡K GKwU GKK ev D¤§vn wnmv‡e HKë× Kivi evaëvaKZv _v‡K
hviv GKwU AvKx`vi eÜ‡b Ave×; †h AvKx`v †_‡K GKwU eë¯’vi D™¢e nq| Kv‡RB ‡h †Kvb gymwjg fyL‡Û
M„nxZ †Kvb KvR me©Î gymwjg‡ì Av‡eM I aviYv‡K ¯úk© Ki‡e| Kv‡RB gymwjg †`k¸‡jv‡K GKwU ‡`k
wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv DwPr Ges cÖwZwU †`‡kB `vIqvni KvR cwiPvjbv Kiv DwPr hv‡Z K‡i Zv †mLvbKvi
mgvR‡K cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| KviY D¤§vni cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix mgvR n‡e GKwU cv‡Î ivLv cvwbi gZ, Kv‡RB
hw` Gi †Kvb As‡k Zvc †`qv nq, Z‡e Zv mgMÖ cvwb‡KB ùzUbv‡¼ (dzUš— ZvcgvÎvq) wb‡q hv‡e| GB dzUš—
mgvR mKj‡K KvR Ki‡Z I Av‡›`vjb Ki‡Z eva¨ Ki‡e| Kv‡RB `vIqvni j¶¨ nIqv DwPr Bmjvgx f~LÛ¸‡jv hv‡Z K‡i
†mLv‡b Bmjvgx Rxeb c×wZ wdwi‡q Avbvi KvR ïi“ Kiv hvq| Avi GwU Kiv hvq eB cÖKvkbv, wjd‡jU wewj I
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨g‡K eënvi K‡i Ges mKj m¤¢ve¨ Rbms‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g we‡klZ cwiwPZRb I Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g
KviY G¸‡jv n‡”Q `vIqvnÕi Rb¨ me‡P‡q Dchy³ I mdj c×wZ|
Aek¨ Gfv‡e D¯§y³ fv‡e `vIqvn ïi“ Kiv mgv‡Ri Rb¨ GKwU R¡vjvbxkw³ gvÎ hv kxZjZv‡K †ZRkw³‡K cwiYZ Ki‡e|
GwU KL‡bv ùzUbv‡¼ wb‡Z cvi‡ebv hZ¶Y ch©š— bv `vIqvn †Kvb GKwU iv‡óª ev¯e— ivR‰bwZK iƒc jvf K‡i|
GLvb †_‡K `vIqvn ïi“ n‡e Ges gymwjg we‡k¦i wewfbœ AÂ‡j e¨vcKnv‡i we¯Z…— n‡Z _vK‡e| GB ivóª ev ivóª
mgwó Bmjvgx ivóª ¯’vc‡bi mnvqK we›`y wnmv‡e KvR Ki‡e| GLvb ‡_‡K e„nËi GKwU Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZôv I
cÖmvi‡Yi KvR ïi“ hv ch©vqµ‡g mgMÖ we‡k¦ Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ wb‡q hv‡e|
ivmyjyjvn (m:) G KvRwUB K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb Zvi `vIqvn mKj gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cŠu‡QwQ‡jb Ges `vIqvn GKwU
ev¯e— ch©v‡q DcbxZ n‡qwQj| wZwb (mv:) g°vi RbMY‡K Ges n‡¾i mgq mevB‡K Avnevb K‡iwQ‡jb| Zvi
`vIqvn mgMÖ Avie e-Øx‡c Qwo‡q c‡owQj, †hb wZwb H mgv‡R GKwU Av¸b R¡vwj‡q w`‡q‡Qb †h Av¸‡bi
D‡Ïk¨ wQj Avie‡ì gv‡S GKwU kw³i ‡Rvqvi eB‡q †`qv| The Messenger of Allah (saw) called the Arabs to
Islam by directly contacting them and inviting them to Islam during the Hajj season and by visiting the tribes
in their homes and calling them to Islam. mKj
Avie‡ì gv‡S GB `vIqvn †cuŠ‡QwQj ivmyjyjvn (m:) Ges Kzivqk‡ì g‡a¨ cÖKvk¨ msN‡l©i djvdj ¯îƒc hvi
cÖwZaŸwb Ges cÖfve mgMÖ Avie‡ì gv‡S Qwo‡q c‡owQj Ges Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì †KŠZznj‡K RvwM‡q
Zz‡jwQj| Gmgq hwÌ `vIqvn Avie‡ì gv‡S Qwo‡q c‡owQj, wKš‘ ivóª cÖwZôvi KvRwU ïaygvÎ g°vq mxgve×
wQj; Zv cieZ©x‡Z gw`bvq we¯Z…— n‡qwQj Ges hvi djvdj ¯îƒc wnRv‡R cÖ_g Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZwôZ
n‡qwQj| ïaygvÎ ZLbB `vIqvni DËvc I ivmyjyjvn (m:) Gi weRq Avie‡ì gv‡S GKwU cÖKZ… Kv‡Ri ùzUbv‡¼
DcbxZ n‡qwQj, d‡j mK‡j wek¦vm ¯’vcb Kij Ges Bmjvgx ivóª we¯Z…— n‡Z jvMj hZ¶Y ch©š— bv Zv cy‡iv
Avie eØx‡c Qwo‡q coj| Ges †mLvb †_‡K Zv mgMÖ we‡k¦ Bmjv‡gi evYx e‡q wb‡q wM‡qwQj|
Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZôvi c×wZ wnmv‡e Avgv‡ì Aek¨B `vIqvn Kiv Ges Bmjvgx Rxeb wdwi‡q Avbvi Rb¨ KvR
Ki‡Z n‡e| Avgv‡ì gymwjg ‡`k¸‡jv‡K GKwU Awew”Qbœ mgvR I `vIqvni j¶¨ e¯‘ wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e|
Z‡e Avgv‡ì Aek¨B GKwU wbw`©ó cÖ‡`‡k ev ¯’v‡b `vIqvn‡K NYxf~Z Ki‡Z n‡e ‡hLvb †_‡K Avgiv RbMY‡K
Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© wkw¶Z K‡i Zzj‡Z cvie hv‡Z K‡i Zv Zv‡ì Rxe‡b cÖwZdwjZ n‡Z cv‡i Ges Zviv Bmjvg w`‡q
Zv‡ì Rxeb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cv‡i| Ges Avgv‡ì Bmjv‡gi gva¨‡g Bmjv‡gi Rb¨ RbgZ ˆZix Kivi KvR K‡i †h‡Z n‡e
hv‡Z K‡i `vIqvnKvix I mgv‡Ri g‡a¨ GKwU dj`vqK, Kvh©Kix Ges MwZkxj cÖwZwµqvi m„wó nq hv `vIqvn‡K
GKwU mdj wg_w¯ŒqZvq (interaction) cwiYZ Ki‡e| Gai‡Yi wg_w¯ŒqZv H AÂ‡ji D¤§vni g‡a¨ Bmjvgx ivóª
cÖwZôvi msMÖv‡g cwiYZ n‡e| Gfv‡e `vIqvn ïaygvÎ GKwU aviYv †_‡K mgv‡R weivRgvb GKwU ev¯eZvq—
cwiYZ n‡e Ges ivóª cÖwZôvi GKwU RbwcÖq Av‡›`vj‡b cwiYZ n‡e| G Ae¯’vq GwU GK Ae¯’vb †_‡K Ab¨
Ae¯’v‡b cwiewZ©Z n‡e Ges cÖviw¤¢K we›`y †_‡K
113
Dr†¶cb we›`y‡Z cwiYZ n‡e| Ges †mLvb †_‡K Zv cwiYZ n‡e GKwU mnvqK we›`y‡Z hv `vIqvn I iv‡óªi mKj
Dcv`vb cwic~Y© Ki‡e| Gfv‡eB ev¯e— Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g ivóª I gymwjg‡ì Rb¨ kiC `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi KvR ïi“ n‡e|
Bmjvgx iv‡óªi KZ©e¨ n‡”Q Avjvn hv wKQy bvwhj K‡i‡Qb Zvi Øviv kvmb cÖwZôv Kiv Ges iv‡óªi Avf¨šixb—
bxwZi Ask wnmv‡e Ab¨vb¨ gymwjg ‡`k¸‡jv‡K Gi mv‡_ GKxf~Z Kivi KvR ïi“ Kiv| Kv‡RB GwU Ab¨vb¨
‡`k¸‡jv‡ZI `vIqvn I Bmjvgx Rxeb c~b:MÖn‡Yi AvnŸvb wb‡q hv‡e| GwU H mKj Jcwb‡ewkK‡ì iwPZ KwíZ ivR
‰bwZK mxgvbv Zz‡j †`‡e †h Jcwb‡ewkKiv Zv‡ì AbyMZ mxgvbv i¶x kvmK‡Mvôx m„wó K‡iwQj| hw` Ab¨vb¨
Ö‡`k G‡Z Am¤§Z nq ZeyI Gici Bmjvgx ivóª KwíZ mxgvbv AcmviY Ki‡e| wfmv cÖ_v I Kv÷g †PwKs evwZj K‡i
†`qv n‡e hv‡Z GK ‡`‡ki †jv‡Ki Ab¨ ‡`‡k †h‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z K‡i Ab¨ ‡`‡ki gymwjgiv eyS‡Z m¶g n‡e †h ev¯weKB
— GwU GKwU Bmjvgx ivóª| Gici Zviv Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Bmjvgx kvm‡bi ev¯evqb— cÖZ¨¶ Ki‡Z m¶g n‡e|
gymwjg‡ì KZ©‡eï g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Zv‡ì f~LÛ †hLv‡b GL‡bv Bmjvg ev¯evwqZ— nqwb A_©vr `vi“j Kzdi†K `vi“j
Bmjvg G cwiYZ Kivi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM †`qv| `vIqvn I Rbms‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g Zv‡ì f~LÛ¸‡jv‡K Bmjvgx iv‡óªi
mv‡_ GKxf~Z Kivi cÖwµqvi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM †`qv | GwU wbwðZ Ki‡e †h, Bmjvgx we‡k¦i cy‡iv mgvR
ùzUbv‡¼ DcbxZ n‡q‡Q hv Zv‡ì mwVK KvR Ki‡Z ZvwoZ Ki‡e Ges GK Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Aax‡b gymwjg‡ì
HKë× Kivi KvR Ki‡Z DØy× Ki‡e| Gfv‡eB the greater Islamic state would be established and Bmjvgx iv‡óªi
mve©Rbxb eyw×e„wËK †bZZ¡… cÖwZôv ev¯e— n‡e| G mg‡qi g‡a¨ GwU wek¦‡K kqZvbx kw³i nvZ †_‡K i¶v
Kiv I Bmjv‡gi evZ©v enb Kivi gZ h‡_ó †hvM¨Zv I kw³gËv AR©b Ki‡e|
hw` AZx‡Z gymwjg D¤§vn hv wQj Avie f~L‡Ûi gv‡S mxgve× Ges msL¨vq K‡qK j¶, Bmjvg MÖn‡Yi ci ZrKvjxb
`ywU civkw³i wbKU Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ wb‡q †h‡Z cv‡i Ges Zv‡ì GKB mg‡q civwRZ K‡i ZrKvjxb mg‡qi
AwaKvsk emwZc~Y© GjvKvq Bmjvg‡K Qwo‡q w`‡Z cv‡i, Z‡e eZ©gv‡bi K‡qKk †KvwU gymwjg, hviv
‡fŠMwjK w`K w`‡q mshy³ GKwU iv‡ó&ªi Aax‡b Av‡m hvi we¯wZ…— n‡e †¯úb †_‡K Pvqbv ch©š— Ges
Zzi¯‹ †_‡K gvj‡qwkqv ch©š,— Ges hv LwbR m¤ú‡ì wePv‡i we‡k¦i DrKó… AÂj Ry‡o we¯Z…— Zvi m¤¢vebv
I kw³ m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì wK aviYv nIqv DwPr? wb:m‡›`‡n ‡mB ivóªwU c„w_exi eZ©gv‡bi †bZZ¡`vbKvix… mKj
civkw³i PvB‡Z †h‡Kvb w`K †_‡K AwaKgvÎvq kw³kvjx n‡e|
Kv‡RB wVK G g~ûZ© †_‡K cÖwZwU gymwj‡gi Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZôvi Rb¨ KvR Kiv DwPr| G KvRwU ïi“ nIqv
DwPr Bmjvgx `vIqvn enb Kivi gva¨‡g hvi j¶¨ n‡e mg¯— gymwjg ‡`k¸‡jv‡Z Bmjvgx Rxeb c×wZ wdwi‡q Avbv|
`vIqvni my‡hvM¨ †¶Î nIqv DwPr GKwU wKsev K‡qKwU iv‡óª g‡a¨ mxgve× hv‡Z K‡i mnvqK we›`y ˆZix Kiv
m¤¢e nq, Ges †hLvb †_‡K Av‡iv ¸i“Z¡c~Y© KvR nv‡Z †bqv m¤¢e n‡e| G m~D”P j¶¨ AR©‡b gymwjg‡ì ev¯e—
I cwi®‹vi c‡_ c`‡¶c †dj‡Z n‡e ‡hLv‡b mKj cÖwZeÜKZvi AwZµg Kivi j‡¶¨ P~ovš— cÖ‡Póv Ae¨nZ ivL‡Z n‡e|
Aek¨B GKv‡Ri Rb¨ Zv‡K Avjvn myenvbyIqvZvÕjvi Dci wbf©i Ki‡Z n‡e Ges GKgvÎ Zuv‡K mš‘ó Kivi j¶¨
wb‡qB KvRwU Ki‡Z n‡e|
Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Lmov msweavb:
mvaviY wbqgvejx
aviv 1 - Bmjvgx ÔAvKx`vÕB n‡”Q Bmjvgx iv‡óªi g~j wfwË| Kv‡RB Bmjvgx AvKx`v ewnf©~Z †Kvb KvVv‡gv,
eë¯’v, `vq`vwqZ¡, A_ev Ab¨ †h †Kvb welqB Bmjvgx iv‡óª weivR Ki‡Z cvi‡ebv| Bmjvgx AvKx`v iv‡óªi
msweavb Ges AvB‡biI Drm| Kv‡RB Bmjvgx AvKx`v †_‡K D™¢~Z bq Ggb †Kvb wKQyB Bmjvgx iv‡óª weivR
Kivi Aby‡gv`b cv‡ebv|
aviv2 - `vi“j Bmjvg n‡”Q †mB mxgvbv †hLv‡b Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU †¶‡Î Bmjvg ejer Av‡Q Ges hvi wbivcËv
Bmjv‡gi mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡i gva¨‡g wbwðZ| `vi“j Kzdi n‡”Q †mB mxgvbv ‡hLv‡b Kzdi AvBb ev¯evwqZ— n‡”Q
Ges hvi wbivcËv gymwjg‡ì Øviv iw¶Z n‡”Qbv|
aviv 3 - Lwjdv AvnKvg kixqvn MÖnY K‡i _v‡Kb Ges G‡K msweavb I Kvbyb wnmv‡e ev¯evqb— K‡i _v‡Kb|
hLb Lwjdv †Kvb ûKzg kiC MÖnY K‡i _v‡Kb ZLb †mB ûKzg kiC gvbv I ev¯evqb— Kiv eva¨Zvg~jK| cÖwZwU
bvMwi‡Ki e¨w³MZ I RbRxe‡b D³ ûKzg kiC †g‡b Pjv eva¨Zvg~jK|
114
aviv 4 - Lwjdv, hvKvZ I wRnv` e¨ZxZ Bev`vZ msµvš— ‡Kvb wel‡q AvnKvg kixqvn wba©viY K‡ib bv| wZwb
AvKx`v msµvš— †Kvb wbw`©ó gZvgZ (gvhnve) A_ev aviYv‡K wba©viY ev eva¨Zvg~jK K‡ib bv|
aviv 5 - Bmjvgx iv‡ó&ªi cÖwZwU bvMwiK kiC AwaKvi I `vwqZ¡ †fvM K‡i _v‡Kb|
aviv 6 - cÖwZwU bvMwi‡Ki cÖwZ Zv‡ì ag©, eY©, RvwZ, A_ev Ab¨ ‡Kvb welq wbwe©‡k‡l mgvb AvPiY Kiv
nq| ivóª bvMwiK‡ì g‡a¨ †Kvb wel‡q we‡klZ: kvmb, wePvi wKsev ‡mevg~jK Kv‡R êlg¨ K‡ibv|
aviv 7 - Bmjvgx ivóª mKj gymwjg wKsev Agymwjg wbwe©‡k‡l mKj bvMwi‡Ki Dci wb‡gœv³ welq¸‡jv‡Z
Bmjvgx kixqvn ev¯evqb—
Ki‡e:
K. mKj Bmjvgx AvBb, †Kvb e¨wZµg QvovB mKj gymwj‡gi Dci cÖ‡hvR¨|
L. Agymwjg‡ì Rb¨ Zv‡ì wbR¯^ ag©xq wek¦vm I Dcvmbv Kivi AbygwZ i‡q‡Q|
M. gyiZv`MY wb‡R‡ì B”Qvq Bmjvg‡K cwiZ¨vM Ki‡j Zv‡ì Dci gyiZv‡ì ûKzg (AvBb) ejer n‡e| hw`
Zv‡ì c~e© cyi“l gyiZv` n‡q _v‡K Ges Zviv Agymwjg wnmv‡e Rb¥ MÖnY K‡i _v‡K, Z‡e Zviv Agymwjg
wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e Ges ev¯eZv— †f‡` Zv‡ì ¯’vb n‡e gykwiK A_ev wKZv‡ei Abymvix wnmv‡e|
N. Lv`¨ I †cvlv‡Ki †¶‡Î Agymwjgiv Bmjv‡gi †eu‡a †`qv mxgvbvi g‡a¨ Zv‡ì ag© AbymiY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
O. Agymwjg‡ì gv‡S êevwnK welq, ZvjvK BZ¨vw` welq¸‡jv Zv‡ì ag© Abyhvqx wba©vwiZ n‡e| Aek¨
Agymwjg Ges gymwj‡gi gv‡S GmKj welq Bmjv‡gi AvBb Øviv wba©vwiZ n‡e|
P. evèvKx mKj kixqvn welq Ges AvBb †hgb †jb‡`b, AvBb m¤^Üxq, ivR‰bwZK Ges A_©‰bwZK
eë¯’v iv‡óªi gva¨‡g mevi Dci ev¯evwqZ— n‡e| GwU gymwjg Ges Agymwjg Df‡qi †¶‡ÎB mgfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨| Gi
gv‡S gyIqvwn`, Avj gymZvÕwgb Ges evKx mevB hviv Bmjv‡gi mve©‡fŠgZ¡ †g‡b wb‡q‡Q mevB Askx`vi|
GmKj ‡jv‡Ki Dci ev¯evqb— iv‡óªi bvMwiK‡ì Dci ev¯evq‡bi— mgvb| K‚U‰bwZK‡ì Rb¨ K‚U‰bwZK
cÖwZi¶v ‡`qv n‡e|
aviv 8 - Bmjv‡gi fvlv n‡”Q Aviex| GwUB iv‡óªi mve©Rbxb fvlv n‡e|
aviv 9 - BRwZnv` diR wKdvqv| cÖwZwU gymwj‡gi BRwZnv` Kivi AwaKvi Av‡Q hw` Zvi BRwZnv` Kivi
cÖ‡qvRbxq ¸bvejx I †hvM¨Zv _v‡K|
aviv 10 - Bmjv‡g †Kvb cy‡ivwnZZš¿ †bB| mKj gymwj‡giB Bmjv‡gi Rb¨ `vwqZ¡ i‡q‡Q| Kv‡RB Bmjvgx ivóª
gymwjg‡ì gv‡S cy‡ivwnZZ‡š¿i Abyiƒc ev mgv_©K †h †Kvb welq‡K cÖwZnZ Ki‡e|
aviv 11 - Bmjvgx iv‡óªi cÖv_wgK KvR n‡”Q Bmjv‡gi `vIqvn cÖPvi (enb) Kiv|
aviv 12 - KziAvb, mybœvn, BRgv Avm mvnvev (mvnvev‡ì HKgZ¨), Ges wK¡qvm n‡”Q AvnKvg kixqvn
wba©vi‡Yi GKgvÎ Drm|
aviv 13 - cÖwZwU e¨w³ wbiciva wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e hZ¶Y ch©š— bv Zviv Acivax wnmv‡e cÖgvwYZ nq|
Av`vj‡Z h_vh_ wePvi Qvov †Kvb e¨w³‡K kvw¯— †`qv n‡e bv| AZ¨vPvi Kiv m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c wbwl×| †h †KD
Kv‡iv Dci AZ¨vPvi Ki‡j Zv‡K kvw¯— †c‡Z n‡e|
aviv 14 - cÖwZwU KvRB (action) AvnKvg kixqvn Øviv wbqwš¿Z n‡Z n‡e, Ges mKj e¯‘ (things) AbywgZ hZ¶Y
ch©š— wbwl×Zvi cÖgvY cvIqv hvq| Kv‡RB ûKzg Rvbv e¨ZxZ †Kvb KvRB (action) Kiv hv‡e bv|
aviv 15 - ‡Kvb KvR kixqvn Abyhvqx nvivg n‡j Zv nvivg| †h gva¨g nviv‡gi w`‡K wb‡q hvq, wKsev †ekxi
fvM‡¶‡ÎB e¨w³‡K nviv‡gi w`‡K wb‡q hvq, Zv wbwl×| GQvov H gva¨g AbywgZ|
kvmb eë¯’v
aviv 16 - kvmb eë¯’v GKK (unitary); msNxq (federation) bq|

115
aviv 17 - miKvi eë¯’v †K›`ªxq| cÖkvmb we‡K›`ªxK|
aviv 18 - kvm‡bi ‡¶‡Î PviwU c` i‡q‡Q|

K. Lwjdv
L. gyIqvDwqb ZvdDwq`
M. Iqvjx (MfY©i)
N.AvÕwgj (mve MfY©i)
iv‡óªi evKx mKj c` n‡”Q Kg©Pvixi c`, kvm‡Ki c` bq|
aviv 19 - kvmK wKsev kvm‡Ki c‡` Avmxb †Kvb e¨w³‡K b¨vqcivqY, ¯^vaxb (`vm bq) Ges cyi“l| Zv‡K Aek¨B
GKRb gymwjg n‡Z n‡e|
aviv 20 - gymwjg‡ì kvmK‡K cÖkœ Kivi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q Ges G `vwqZ¡wU D¤§vni Rb¨ GKwU diR wKdvqv|
Agymwjg‡ì Dci †h †Kvb AwePvi ev Bmjvgx AvB‡bi Aceënv‡ii weiƒ‡× Zv‡ì Awf‡hvM Kivi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q|
aviv 21 - gymwjg‡ì ivR‰bwZK `j MV‡bi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| G `j¸‡jvi `vwqZ¡ n‡”Q D¤§vni c¶ †_‡K kvmK‡ì
Revew`nx Kiv ev cÖkœ Kiv Ges D¤§vni gva¨‡g kvmb KZ‡©„Z¡i `vwqZ¡ MÖnY Kiv| G `j¸‡jvi MV‡bi g~jwfwË
n‡e Bmjvgx AvKx`v| Zv‡ì wewa weavb n‡Z n‡e AvnKvg kixqvni Dci wfwË K‡i| G ai‡Yi `j MVb Kivi Rb¨ ivóª
†_‡K †Kvbiƒc jvB‡mÝ ev QvocÎ wb‡Z n‡e bv| Bmjvg ewnf©~Z Ab¨ ‡Kvb wKQyi Dci wfwË K‡i `j MVb wbwl×|
aviv 22 - kvmb eë¯’v PviwU g~jbxwZi Dci cÖwZwôZ| G¸‡jv n‡”Q:

K. mve©‡fŠg ¶gZv kixqvni, RbM‡Yi bq|
L. KZ©„Z¡ D¤§vni
M. GKRb Lwjdvi wb‡qvM`vb mKj gymwj‡gi Rb¨ eva¨Zvg~jK|
N. ïaygvÎ Lwjdvi AvnKvg kixqvn MÖn‡Yi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| Kv‡RB wZwbB msweavb I AvBb ev¯evqb—
Ki‡eb|
aviv 23 - ivóªxq eë¯’v AvUwU cÖwZôv‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i cÖwZwôZ| Zviv n‡”Q,
K. Lwjdv
L. gyIqvDwqb ZvdDwq` (`vwqZ¡cÖvß mnKvix)
M. gyIqvDwqb ZvbwdR (wbe©vnx mnKvix)
N.Avwgi Dj wRnv` (wRnv‡ì AwabvqK)
O.Avj K¡v`v (wePvi eë¯’v)
P. Djvn (MfY©i)
Q.gvmvwjû` `vIqvn (cÖkvmwbK eë¯’v)
R. gvRwjm Dj D¤§vn
Lwjdv
aviv 24 - D¤§vni c¶ †_‡K Lwjdv D¤§vni KZ©„Z¡ cvjb Ki‡eb Ges kixqvn ev¯evqb— Ki‡eb|
aviv 25 - wLjvdvn n‡”Q cvi¯úwiK GKwU P~w³| KvD‡K GwU MÖnY Ki‡Z eva¨ Kiv nqbv Ges ‡Kvb we‡kl
e¨w³‡K †e‡Q †bqvi Rb¨ KvD‡K kw³ cÖ‡qvM Kiv hv‡e bv|
aviv 26 - cÖwZwU cÖvßeq¯‹ (ev‡jM) cÖKZ¯’… gymwjg bvix ev cyi“‡li Lwjdv wbe©vPb I Zv‡K evBqvZ †èvi
AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| A-gymwjg‡ì G wel‡q †Kvb AwaKvi †bB|
116
aviv 27 - wLjvdvnÕi P~w³ hLb †hvM¨ e¨w³e‡M©i evBqv‡Zi gva¨‡g m¤úvw`Z n‡e, evKx †jvK‡ì evBqvZ n‡e
AvbyM‡Zï evBqvZ, P~w³g~jK evBqvZ bq| djZ Kv‡iv g‡a¨ wei“×vPvi‡Yi cÖeYZv j¶¨ Kiv †M‡j Zv‡K Aek¨B
GB AvbyM‡Zï evBqvZ cÖ`v‡b eva¨ Kiv n‡e|
aviv 28 - gymwjg‡ì wb‡qvM e¨ZxZ †KD Lwjdv n‡Z cvi‡e bv| †KD wLjvdvni KZ©„Z¡ `vex Ki‡Z cv‡i bv hZ¶Y
ch©š— bv Zv kixqvn Abyhvqx nq, ‡hgbwU Bmjv‡gi Ab¨vb¨ P~w³i †¶‡ÎI cÖ‡hvR¨|
aviv 29 - ‡h ivóª Lwjdvn‡K P~w³g~jK evBqvZ †`‡e Zvi wbgœwjwLZ kZ© c~iY Ki‡Z n‡e,
K. ivóªwU ¯^vaxb n‡Z n‡e Ges Gi KZ©„Z¡ m¤ú~Y©fv‡e gymwjg‡ì Dci wbf©ikxj n‡Z n‡e, †Kvb Kzdi
iv‡óªi Dci bq|
L. iv‡óªi gymwjg‡ì wbivcËv, internally & externally, m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Bmjv‡gi mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡i gva¨‡g
wba©vwiZ n‡Z n‡e,
Kzdi kw³i gva¨‡g bq|
c¶vš‡i— AvbyM‡Zï evBqvZ †h †Kvb †`‡ki wbKU n‡Z †bqv †h‡Z cv‡i hv‡ì Rb¨ Dc‡iv³ kZ©vejx Avek¨Kxq bq|
aviv 30 - Lwjdv wnmv‡e evBqvZ MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ †Kvb e¨w³‡K aviv 31 G ewY©Z †gŠwjK kZ©vejx c~iY Ki‡Z n‡e|
Zvi Rb¨ we‡kl †Kvb kZ©c~iY eva¨Zvg~jK bq|
aviv 31 - Lwjdv nevi Rb¨ GKRb e¨w³i wb‡gœv³ †gŠwjK kZ©vejx c~iY Ki‡Z n‡e: cyi“l, gymwjg, ¯^vaxb, ev‡jM,
my¯’ gw¯Z®‹ Ges b¨vqcivqY|
aviv 32 - hw` g„Zÿ, c`Z¨vM wKsev eiLv¯— Kivi Kvi‡Y LwjdvÕi c` ïb¨ nq Z‡e Zv ïb¨ nevi wZb w`‡bi g‡a¨ H c‡`
bZzb Lwjdvi wb‡qvM ‡`qv eva¨Zvg~jK|
aviv 33 - wb‡gœv³ cÖwµqvq Lwjdv wbe©vwPZ n‡eb|

K. gRwjm Dj D¤§vni gymwjg m`m¨MY cÖv_x©‡ì g‡bvbqb †`‡eb| GB g‡bvbxZ cÖv_©x‡ì bvg Rbmg‡¶
cÖKvk Kiv n‡e| gymwjg‡ì G cÖv_©x‡ì ZvwjKv †_‡K GKRb e¨w³‡K wbe©vwPZ Kivi AvnŸvb Rvbv‡bv n‡e|
L. wbe©vP‡bi djvdj †NvlYv Ki‡Z n‡e| ‡h e¨w³ msL¨vMwiô †fvU cv‡eb, Zvi bvg RbM‡Yi wbKU cÖKvk
Kiv n‡e|
M. gymwjg‡ì msL¨vMwiô g‡Zi wfwË‡Z g‡bvbxZ cÖv_©x‡K Lwjdv wnmv‡e evBqvZ w`‡Z n‡e whwb
Avjvni wKZve I imyjyjvn (m:) Gi mybœvn cÖ‡qvM Ki‡eb|
N. evBqvZ cÖwµqv m¤úbœ n‡j, Lwjdvi bvg †NvwlZ n‡e hv‡Z K‡i Zvi wb‡qv‡Mi msev` †MvUv D¤§vni
wbKU †cŠuQvq| Zvi bv‡gi mv‡_ mv‡_ GKwU e³e¨ Rvwi Ki‡Z n‡e †hLv‡b Zvi †hvM¨Zvi mKj kZ©vejx c~i‡Yi
cÖgvY _vK‡e| Gfv‡e wZwb iv‡óªi cÖavb nevi Dchy³ n‡eb|
aviv 34 - hwÌ D¤§vn Lwjdv‡K wb‡qvM †`‡e wKš‘ wbqg Abyhvqx evBqvZ msNwUZ nevi ci Lwjdv‡K eiLv¯—
Kivi †Kvb AwaKvi Zvi _vK‡e bv|
aviv 35 - Lwjdv n‡”Qb ivóª| wZwbB iv‡óªi mKj ¶gZv AwaKvi K‡ib| Kv‡RB Zvi wb‡gœv³ wbe©vnx ¶gZv¸‡jv
i‡q‡Q|
K. Lwjdv AvnKv‡g kvixÕAvn ev kvixÕAvn AvBb MÖnY Ki‡eb | wZwb hLb Zv MÖnY K‡ib I ev¯evqb
— K‡ib, ZLb Zv AvB‡b cwiYZ nq| G¸‡jv eva¨Zvg~jK AvBb n‡e Ges †KD Agvb¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|
L. iv‡óªi Avf¨šixY— Ges ê‡`wkK bxwZi Rb¨ Lwjdv `vwqZ¡kxj n‡eb; wZwb cÖwZi¶v evwnbxi
me©vwabvqK n‡eb Ges †h †Kvb hy× †NvlYv, kvwš— Pzw³ m¤úv`b, hy× weiwZ Pzw³ BZ¨vw` wewfbœ
Pzw³ m¤úv`‡bi me©gq ¶gZvi AwaKvix n‡eb|
M. LwjdvÕi we‡`kx `~Z MÖnY I cÖZ¨vLv‡bi ¶gZv _vK‡e| wZwb gymwjg ivóª`~Z‡ì wb‡qvM †`b I
eiLv¯— K‡ib|
N. Lwjdv Zvi mnKvixMY I IqvjxMY‡K wb‡qvM I cÖZ¨vnvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| Zviv mevB Lwjdv I gRwj‡m
D¤§vni Kv‡Q `vqe× _vK‡eb|
O. Lwjdv Kv`x Avj Kz`v (m‡e©v”P/cÖavb wePviK), miKvix wefvM¸‡jvi cwiPvjK, mk¯¿ evwnbxi
Kg¨vÛvi I †Rbv‡ij BZ¨vw` wb‡qvM †`b wKsev eiLv¯— K‡ib| Zv‡ì mevi `vqe×Zv Lwjdvi cÖwZ, gRwj‡m
D¤§vni cÖwZ bq|
P. Lwjdv kvixÕAvn&i Av‡jv‡K iv‡óªi ev‡RU cÖYqb Ki‡eb Ges cÖ‡Z¨K Lv‡Zi ivR¯^ I e¨q wba©viY
K‡ib|
117
aviv 36 - AvnKvg kixqvn MÖn‡Yi cÖwµqvq, Lwjdv wb‡RI AvnKvg kixqvnÕi Aaxb I kixqvn Øviv mxgve×|
Kv‡RB Lwjdv Ggb †Kvb AvBb MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv, hv h_vh_ fv‡e kixqvnÕi Drm †_‡K M„nxZ nqwb| wZwb
†h AvBb MÖnb K‡ib Ges AvBb MÖn‡Yi †¶‡Î †h c×wZ eënvi K‡ib, Zvi Øviv mxgve×| djZ: wZwb Zvi M„nxZ
c×wZ ewnf©~Z ev Gi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K Ab¨ †Kvb c×wZ MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| wZwb Zvi M„nxZ †Kvb AvB‡bi
mv‡_ mvsNwl©K †Kvb wb‡`©kbv w`‡Z cv‡ib bv|
aviv 37 - bvMwiK‡ì welq¸‡jv cwiPvjbvi †¶‡Î Lwjdvi wbR¯^ gZvgZ I BRwZnv` AbymiY Kivi c~Y© AwaKvi
i‡q‡Q| wZwb ivóª cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ gyevn KvR¸‡jv MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib| wZwb RbM‡Yi g½‡ji †`vnvB w`‡q
†Kvb kixqvn AvBb f½ Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| D`vniY ¯îƒc wZwb iv‡óª wkí i¶vi †`vnvB w`‡q iv‡óªi bvMwiK‡ì †Kvb
cY¨ Avg`vbx‡Z evav w`‡Z cv‡ib bv| VKv‡bv †iva Kivi †`vnvB w`‡q wZwb g~j¨ wbqš¿Y K‡i w`‡Z cv‡ib bv|
wZwb m¤ú‡ì mxgve×Zvi K_v wPšv— K‡i Rb¥ wbqš¿Y Av‡ivc Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| GQvovI Lwjdv jv‡fi K_v wPšv
— K‡i †Kvb bvix ev Agymwjg MfY©i wb‡qvM w`‡Z cv‡ib bv| Lwjdv †Kvb nvjvj †K wbwl× wKsev †Kvb nvivg
†K AvBbwm× Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv|
aviv 38 - Lwjdvi Rb¨ †Kvb mgqmxgv wba©vwiZ †bB| hZ¶Y ch©š— wZwb AvnKvg kixqvn †g‡b Pj‡Qb Ges Zv
ev¯evqb— Ki‡Qb Ges iv‡óªi welqvw` cwiPvjbvi ‡hvM¨Zv ivL‡Qb, ZZ¶Y ch©š— wZwb Lwjdv _vKvi Dchy³|
hw` cÖ‡qvRbxq kZ©vejx ev GmKj Ae¯’v Ggbfv‡e cwiewZ©Z nq †h wZwb Avi Lwjdv _vK‡Z cv‡ib bv, Zr¶Yvr
Zv‡K Lwjdvi c` †_‡K AcmviY Kiv n‡e|
aviv 39 - wZbwU †¶Î/cwiw¯’wZ i‡q‡Q hv Lwjdvi Ae¯’v cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡i hv Zv‡K A‡hvM¨ wnmv‡e
cÖgvwYZ Ki‡e| G¸‡jv n‡”Q, K. hw` LwjdvÕi †Kvb GKwU ‡gŠwjK welq cwiewZ©Z nq, ‡hgb hw`
wZwb Bmjvg †_‡K †ei n‡q hvb, AcÖKZ¯’… n‡q hvb wKsev
wdmK K‡ib (dvwmK n‡q hvb) BZ¨vw`| G¸‡jv LwjdvÕi P~w³ I Zv ejer ivLvi Rb¨
cÖ‡qvRbxq kZ©| L. hw` wZwb ‡Kvb Kvi‡Y LwjdvÕi `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b A¶g n‡q
c‡ob|
M. ‡Kvb NUbvq A¶g cÖgvwYZ n‡j, †hLv‡b Lwjdv kixqvn †gvZv‡eK D¤§vni welq¸‡jv mgvavb Kivi
†¶‡Î wbR¯^ gZvgZ cÖKvk Ki‡Z A¶g| hw` Lwjdv †Kvb kw³i Kv‡Q Ggbfv‡e bwZ ¯^xKvi K‡ib †h, RbM‡Yi
welq¸‡jv kixqvn Abyhvqx mgvav‡bi Rb¨ wb‡Ri gZvgZ cÖKvk Ki‡Z bv cv‡ib, Z‡e wZwb †h `vwqZ¡ MÖnY
K‡i‡Qb Zv cvj‡b A¶g e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡eb| Kv‡RB wZwb Avi Lwjdv _vK‡eb bv| `ywU cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z G ai‡Yi
Ae¯’v m„wó n‡Z cv‡i,
1. hw` Lwjdvi †Kvb mnKvix, Lwjdvi eë¯’vcbvi wel‡q wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| hw` Lwjdvi Zv‡ì
cÖfve †_‡K wbR‡K gy³ Kivi my‡hvM †_‡K _v‡K Z‡e Zv‡K wbw`©ó mg‡qi Rb¨ mZK© Kiv n‡e| D³ mg‡qi g‡a¨
hw` wZwb Zv‡ì cÖfve †_‡K gy³ Ki‡Z e¨ © nb Z‡e Zv‡K eiLv¯— Kiv n‡e| hw` ïi“ †_‡K ‡`Lv hvq, Zv‡ì cÖfve
†_‡K Lwjdvi wb‡R‡K gy³ Kivi †Kvb my‡hvM †bB Z‡e Zr¶Yvr Zv‡K eiLv¯— Kiv n‡e|
2. hLb Lwjdv kÎ“c‡¶i nv‡Z e›`x nb, †mUv cÖKZv‡… © kÎ“i nv‡Z e›`x nIqv wKsev Zv‡ì Øviv
cÖfvweZ nIqv hvB †nvK bv †Kb| Giƒc Ae¯’v‡K h_vh_fv‡e cix¶v Kiv n‡e| hw` GwU cÖZxqgvb nq ‡h, Zv‡K
D×vi Kivi my‡hvM †_‡K _v‡K Z‡e Zv‡K wbw`©ó mgq ‡`qv n‡e| Avi hw` Ae¯’v Ggb nq †h, Zv‡K D×v‡ii †Kvb
Avkv †bB, Z‡e Zv‡K eiLv¯— Kiv n‡e| hw` ïi“ †_‡K GwU cÖZxqgvb nq ‡h, Zv‡K D×v‡ii †Kvb Avkv †bB Z‡e
Zv‡K Zr¶Yvr eiLv¯— Kiv n‡e|
aviv 40 - ïaygvÎ gvRvwj‡gi Av`vjZ Gai‡Yi Ae¯’v wePvi K‡i Lwjdv‡K eiLv‡¯i— Av‡`k w`‡Z cv‡i| †KejgvÎ
gvRvwjg Av`vjZ Lwjdv‡K eiLv¯— wKsev mZK© Kivi KZ©„Z¡ msi¶Y K‡i|
cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK mnKvix (gyIqvDwqb ZvdDwq`)
aviv 41 - Lwjdv gyIqvDwqb ZvdDwq` wb‡qvM K‡ib whwb kvm‡bi †¶‡Î Zv‡K mvnvh¨ Kivi KZ©Z¡… cÖvß nb|
Lwjdv Zv‡K wewfbœ wel‡qi eë¯’vcbvi `vwqZ¡ ‡`b (wbR¯^ gZvgZ Ges BRwZnv` mn)|
aviv 42 - gyIqvDwqb ZvdDwq` nevi Rb¨ Lwjdv nevi Abyiƒc †hvM¨Zv cÖ‡qvRb| G¸‡jv n‡”Q, cyi“l, gymwjg,
cwiYZ, cÖKZ¯’,… ¯^vaxb (gy³) Ges b¨vqcivqY| Gi mv‡_ Zv‡K cÖ`Ë KvR cvj‡bi ‡hvM¨ZvI _vK‡Z n‡e|
aviv 43 - gyIqvDwqb ZvdDwq` wb‡qv‡Mi †¶‡Î `ywU welq Ašf©~³— Kiv cÖ‡qvRb; h_v: Lwjdvi
cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Kiv I kvmb msµvš— welq cwiPvjbv Kiv| Kv‡RB GKRb mnKvix wb‡qv‡Mi †¶‡Î Lwjdv‡K GKwU
e³e¨ w`‡Z n‡e †hLv‡b wZwb ej‡eb ÒAvgvi c‡¶ Avwg Avcbv‡K mnKvix wnmv‡e wbhy³ KiwQÓ A_ev Ab¨ ‡Kvb
e³e¨ †hLv‡b Zvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ I kvmb msµvš— mvaviY `vwqZ¡ m¤ú‡K© cwi®‹vi
118
Kiv n‡e| †Kvb e¨w³ hw` G cÖwµqvq †WcywU wnmv‡e wbhy³ n‡q bv _v‡Kb Z‡e wZwb †WcywU wnmv‡e
we‡ewPZ n‡eb bv Ges Zvi Abyiƒc †Kvb KZ©„Z¡I _vK‡ebv|
aviv 44 - gyIqvDwqb ZvdDwq‡ì KvR n‡”Q Lwjdv‡K Zvi KvR I Zvi ¶gZvi g‡a¨ m¤úvw`Z welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K©
AewnZ Kiv| Zvi GUv Kiv DwPr KviY wZwb `vwq‡Z¡i w`K †_‡K Lwjdvi mgvb bb| Kv‡RB Zvi KvR n‡”Q
Lwjdvi wbKU weeiYx †ck Kiv (wi‡cvU© Kiv) Ges Zvi cÖwZ †`qv Av‡`k ¸‡jv Kvh©Ki Kiv|
aviv 45 - gyIqvDwqb ZvdDwq‡ì KvR I wm×vš— ¸‡jvi cÖwZ Lwjdvi j¶¨ ivLv DwPr| Lwjdv mwVK KvR¸‡jvi
Aby‡gv`b ‡`‡eb Ges f~j¸‡jv ïa‡i †`‡eb| G KvR¸‡jv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb KviY D¤§vnÕi eë¯’vcbvi `vwqZ¡ Lwjdvi Dci
Awc©Z Ges GwU BRwZnv‡ì mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z|
aviv 46 - hLb gyIqvDwqb ZvdDwq` LwjdvÕi ÁvZmv‡i †Kvb welq cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb, ZLb cieZ©x‡Z ms‡kvab
QvovB wZwb H KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| hw` gyIqvDwqb ZvdDwq‡ì †Kvb KZ… KvR‡K Lwjdv
ms‡kvab/cybwe©‡ePbv K‡ib ZLb wb‡gœv³ kZ© cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e|
K. hw` Lwjdv †Kvb Kv‡R ev Li‡P AvcwË Rvbvb Ggb Ae¯’vq hLb KvRwUi †¶‡Î AvBb mwVK fv‡e
cÖ‡qvM n‡q‡Q wKsev LiPwU b¨qm½Z n‡q‡Q e‡j wZwb ¯^xKvi K‡ib, ZLb †WcywU M„nxZ wm×všB—
ev¯evwqZ— n‡e| KviY KvRwU Lwjdvi cÖKZ… `„wóf½xi mv‡_ mvh~R¨c~Y©| G‡¶‡Î †WcywU mnKvixi Zvi
cÖ‡qvMKZ… AvBb wKsev LiP‡K ‡kvaiv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB|
L. hw` †WcywU mnKvix Ab¨ †Kvb wKQy ev¯evqb— K‡i _v‡Kb †hgb †Kvb Iqvwj wb‡qvM ev †Kvb
¯’v‡b †mbv ‡gvZv‡qb, ZLb LwjdvÕi D³ wm×vš‡K— evwZj Kiv ev i` Kivi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| KviY G wm×všmg~n
— H †kªYx‡Z c‡i †h¸‡jv Lwjdvi Zvi wbR¯^ wm×vš‡KI— c~bwe©‡ePbv ev ms‡kvab Kivi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q|
aviv 47 - gyIqvDwqb ZvdDwq‡ì mvaviY `vwqZ¡ i‡q‡Q| Kv‡RB Zv‡K †Kvb we‡kl wefvM ev we‡kl ‡Kvb
Kv‡Ri `vwqZ¡ †`qv DwPr bq| Zvi cÖkvmwbK Kv‡R wb‡R‡K mivmwi hy³ Kiv QvovB ZË¡veavb Kiv DwPr|
wbe©vnx mnKvix (gyIqvDwqb ZvbwdR)
aviv 48 - Lwjdv gyIqvDwqb ZvbwdR wbhy³ K‡ib| Zvi KvR n‡”Q Kvh©wbe©vn Kiv, kvmb bq| wZwb iv‡óªi
Avf¨šixb— I we‡`kx welq¸‡jv‡Z Lwjdvi wb‡`©k ev¯evqb— Ki‡eb| G welq¸‡jv‡Z wZwb Lwjdvi Kv‡Q Ges
Lwjdvi KvQ †_‡K evZ©v en‡bi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| G cÖkvmwbK Kvh©vjq Lwjdv I Ab¨‡ì gv‡S GKwU
†hvMv‡hvM gva¨g wnmv‡e KvR Ki‡e|
aviv 49 - gyIqvDwqb ZvbwdR-‡K Aek¨B GKRb gymwjg n‡Z n‡e KviY wZwb Lwjdvi GKRb mnKvix|
aviv 50 - gyIqvDwqb ZvbwdR‡KI gyIqvDwqb ZvdDwq‡ì Abyiƒc Aek¨B Lwjdvi mivmwi †hvMv‡hv‡Mi g‡a¨
_vK‡Z n‡e| Aek¨ gyIqvDwqb ZvbwdR ïaygvÎ wbe©vnx Kvh©Kjv‡c mnKvix wnmv‡e KvR Ki‡eb, kvm‡b bq|
Avwgi Dj wRnv`
aviv 51 - Avwgi Dj wRnv‡ì Kvh©vjq PviwU wefv‡Mi mgš^‡q MwVZ| G¸‡jv n‡”Q ciivóª welqK wefvM,
†mbvevwnbx I mk¯¿ evwnbx, Avf¨šixY— wbivcËv wefvM, Ges wkí| Avwgi Dj wRnv` G PviwU wefv‡Mi
ZË¡veavqK Ges cwiPvjK|
aviv 52 - ciivóª welqK wefvM mKj ciivóª bxwZ cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb hv wLjvdZ ivóª I Acivci ivóª ¸‡jvi m¤úK©
wbqš¿Y Ki‡e|
aviv 53 - ‡mbvevwnbx I mk¯¿ evwnbx wefvM mk¯¿ evwnbxi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z welq¸‡jv wbqš¿Y K‡i| †hgb
cywjk, hš¿cvwZ, hy‡×vcKiY, mieivn, wgkb Ges Ab¨vb¨ m½wZc~Y© Kvh©Kjvc| Gi mv‡_ Av‡iv Ašf©~³—
_vK‡e mvgwiK cÖwk¶Y‡K›`ª, mvgwiK wekb Ges mk¯¿ evwnbxi Bmjvgx I mvaviY wk¶v msµvš— †h †Kvb
welq| GwU hy× I Gi cÖ¯‘wZ msµvš— †h †Kvb welq †`Lv †kvbv Ki‡e|
aviv 54 - Avf¨šixY— wbivcËv wefvM iv‡óªi Avf¨šixY— wbivcËvi welq¸‡jv wbqš¿Y Ki‡e| mk¯¿ evwnbx G
Kv‡Ri Rb¨ `vwqZ¡ cÖvß Ges Zviv cywjk evwnbx †K GKv‡Ri Rb¨ eënvi Ki‡eb|
119
aviv 55 - wkí wefvM wkí KviLvbv msµvš— †h †Kvb wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Ki‡e| G wk‡íi gv‡S fvix wkí †hgb †gvUi,
BwÄb Ges Mvoxi †Pwmm wbg©vY, avZe wkí, Zwor wkí, B‡j±ªwb· Ges eënvi‡hvM¨ wkí Ašf©y³|— GwU †h
mKj e¨w³ gvwjKvbvaxb KviLvbv mvgwiK wbf©i cY¨ Drcv`‡bi mv‡_ RwoZ Zv‡ìI Kvh©µg wbqš¿Y Ki‡e| †h
†Kvb wkí KviLvbv mvgwiK bxwZgvjvi wfwË‡Z ¯’vwcZ n‡e|
mk¯¿ evwnbx
aviv 56 - wRnv` mKj gymwj‡gi Rb¨ diR| mvgwiK cÖwk¶Y eva¨Zvg~jK| c‡b‡iv eQi eq¯‹ ev Z‡`va© cÖwZwU
gymwjg cyi“‡li Rb¨ wRnv‡ì cÖ¯‘wZ g~jK mvgwiK cÖwk¶Y eva¨Zvg~jK| †mbvevwnbx‡Z mwµq f~wgKv ivLv
diR wKdvqv|
aviv 57 - mk¯¿ evwnbxi `y ai‡Yi m`m¨ _vK‡e| cÖ_gZ: hviv iv‡óªi ev‡RU †_‡K †eZbf~³ Ges mwµq fv‡e Kvh©iZ
(on active
duty), A_©vr Ab¨vb¨ Kg©Pvixi Abyiƒc| Ges wØZxqZ: hy‡× m¶g mKj gymwjg bvMwiK A_©vr the Reserves|
aviv 58 - ‡mbvevwnbx GKwU GKK evwnbx| cywjk wefvM Gi GKwU kvLv hviv we‡kl wk¶vi Aax‡b we‡kl
Dcv‡q cÖwkw¶Z GKwU msMVb|
aviv 59 - cywjk evwnbx iv‡óªi k„sLjv eRvq ivLv, Avf¨šixY— wbivcËv ZË¡veavb Ges AvBb cÖ‡qvM Kivi Kv‡R
wb‡qvwRZ _vK‡e|
aviv 60 - mk¯¿ evwnbxi wbR¯^ cZvKv I e¨bvi _vK‡e| Lwjdv hv‡K evwnbxi AwabvqK (Pxd Ad ÷vd) wnmv‡e
wb‡qvM †`b Zvi wbKU cZvKv cÖ`vb Ki‡eb| e¨vbvi mg~n Ab¨vb¨ wefv‡Mi AwabvqK‡ì wbKU cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e|
aviv 61 - Lwjdv mk¯¿ evwnbxi me©vwabvqK (Kg¨vÛvi Bb Pxd)| wZwb evwnbxi AwabvqK, cÖwZwU K‡c©i
Rb¨ †Rbv‡ij I wWwfk‡bi Rb¨ ‡jd‡Ub¨v›U †Rbv‡ij wb‡qvM †`‡eb| weª‡MÖwWqvi I †gRi †Rbv‡ij evKx c`mgy‡n
wb‡qvM †`‡eb| KwgkÛ AwdmviMY Zv‡ì ¯^xq †hvM¨Zv Abyhvqx, evwnbxi cÖavb‡ì Øviv wb‡qvMcÖvß n‡eb|
aviv 62 - mk¯¿ evwnbx GKwU GKK ¯^Ëv| wbw`©ó mvgwiK NuvwU‡Z Zvi wewfbœ BDwbU Aew¯’Z _vK‡e|
G‡ì g‡a¨ wKQy NvuwU wewfbœ DwqjvqvZ (cÖ‡`k) G Aew¯’Z _vK‡e| wKQy NvuwU †KŠkjMZ Ae¯’v‡b Ges
wKQy Avµgb Kvix kw³ wnmv‡e åvg¨gvb _vK‡e| Gme NuvwU wewfbœ KvVv‡gvq (formations) MwVZ n‡e|
cÖwZwUi GKwU we‡kl bv¤^vi I Zvi wecix‡Z bvg _vK‡e, †hgb cÖ_g evwnbx, wØZxq evwnbx
BZ¨vw`| †Kvb ‡Kvb evwnbxi bvg mswkó DwqjvqvZ ev ÕBgvjv (wRjv) Gi bv‡g n‡Z cv‡i|
aviv 63 - mk¯¿ evwnbx‡K m¤¢ve¨ m‡e©v”PgvÎvq cÖwkw¶Z Kivi my‡hvM K‡i †`qv cÖ‡qvRb| G evwnbxi
eyw×gËvi gvÎv h‡ZvUv m¤¢e D”PgvÎvq DbœxZ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| mk¯¿evwnbxi cÖwZwU m`m¨‡K Bmjvgx wk¶v
†`qv cÖ‡qvRb †hb Zviv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© mg¨K Ávb iv‡Lb|
aviv 64 - cÖwZwU NvuwUi h‡_ó cwigvY KwgkÛ Awdmvi _vKv cÖ‡qvRb hviv m‡ev©”P gvÎvi mvgwiK Áv‡bi
AwaKvix Ges cwiKíbv cÖbqb I hy× cwiPvjbvq AwfÁ| mvgwMÖK fv‡e mk¯¿ evwnbxi hZ ‡ekx m¤¢e KwgkÛ
Awdmvi _vKv cÖ‡qvRb|
aviv 65 - Bmjvgx iv‡óªi †mbvevwnbx wnmv‡e mk¯¿ evwnbx‡K `¶Zvi mv‡_ KvR Ki‡Z n‡j Zv‡K h‡_ó cwigvY
hy‡×vcKiY, mieivn Ges hš¿cvwZ cÖ`vb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
wePvi wefvM
aviv 66 - wePviK‡ì †`qv ivqB wePvi ¶gZv MVb K‡i| GwU gvby‡li gv‡S weZK© Aemvb K‡i, Rb‡Mvôxi
AwaKvi niY Kvix †Kvb cÖwµqv‡K cÖwZnZ K‡i Ges RbMY I miKv‡ii gv‡S †Kvb weev`‡K wbg©~j K‡i| G‡¶‡Î
wePvi wefvM, miKvix e¨w³, kvmK ev Kg©Pvix †hB †nvK bv †Kb, A_©vr †m Lwjdv I Zvi Aaxb¯’ †h †Kvb
e¨w³B †nvb bv †Kb, RbM‡Yi mv‡_ †h †Kvb weev`-wem¤^v‡ì dqmvjv Ki‡e|
120
aviv 67 - Lwjdv cÖavb wePvicwZi wb‡qvM †`b| GB wePviK‡K Aek¨B GKRb gymwjg, cyi“l, cwiYZ, gy³, Ges
b¨vqcivqY n‡Z n‡e| Zv‡K Aek¨B GKRb wePviK n‡Z n‡e| cÖkvmwbK wbq‡gi ga¨ †_‡K Zvi GKRb wePviK‡K
wb‡qvM`vb, eiLv¯— Kiv wKsev wbqgvbyeZ©x Kivi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| evKx Kg©PvixMY wePvi wefv‡Mi
wewfbœ kvLv ev wefv‡Mi Kvh©Kjv‡c Aax‡b wb‡qvMcÖvß n‡eb|
aviv 68 - Bmjvgx iv‡óª wZb ai‡Yi wePviK i‡q‡Q| Kv`x Avj LymygvZ (whwb RbM‡Yi gv‡S †jb‡`b I kvw¯—
msµvš— welq gxgvsmv K‡ib); Kv`x Avj wnmev (gynZvwme, whwb Rbmvavi‡Y¨ AvBbf‡½i wePvi K‡ib); Kv`x
Avj gynKvgvZ Avj gvRvwjg (gvRvwjg Av`vj‡Zi wePviK whwb RbMY I miKvix e¨w³e‡M©i gv‡S weev`
gxgvsmv K‡ib)|
aviv 69 - cÖwZwU wePviK‡K Aek¨B gymwjg, cwiYZ, ¯^vaxb (gy³), cÖKZ¯’,… b¨vqcivqY Ges wePviK n‡Z n‡e|
Zv‡ì Aek¨B wewfbœ ‡cÖ¶vc‡U I cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z AvBb ev¯evqb— m¤ú‡K© mg¨K aviYv _vK‡Z n‡e| gvRvwjg
Av`vj‡Zi wePviK‡ì Av‡iKwU AwZwi³ ¸Y _vK‡Z n‡e, Zv n‡”Q Zv‡K GKRb cyi“l gyRZvwn` n‡Z n‡e|
aviv 70 - Kv`x Avj LymygvZ Ges gynZvwme‡K †MvUv ivóª Ry‡o wePv‡ii ivq cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ mvaviY wb‡qvM
†`qv †h‡Z cv‡i A_ev Zv‡ì wb‡qvM`vb ‡h‡Kvb GKwU wbw`©ó ¯’vb ev gvgjvi g‡a¨ mxgve× _vK‡Z cv‡i|
gvRvwjg Av`vj‡Zi wePviK‡ì wb‡qvM`vb ‡Kvb wbw`©ó gvgjvi g‡a¨ mxgve× _vK‡Z cvi‡e bv, Z‡e Zv‡ì
wb‡qvM †MvUv ivóª Ry‡o ev GKwU wbw`©ó ¯’v‡bi g‡a¨ mxgve× _vK‡Z cv‡i|
aviv 71 - cÖwZwU Av`vj‡Z GKRb AvevwmK wePviK _vKv cÖ‡qvRb hvi wePvi Kivi ¶gZv _vK‡e| GK ev
GKvwaK wePviK Zv‡K mnvqZv Kiv wKsev civgk© †`qvi Rb¨ Zvi m½x n‡Z cv‡ib| Zv‡ì ivq †NvlYvi AwaKvi
_vK‡e bv Ges Zv‡ì gZvgZ AbymiY Kiv AvevwmK wePvi‡Ki Rb¨ eva¨Zvg~jK bq|
aviv 72 - Av`vj‡Zi ‡mkb Qvov GKRb wePviK ivq †NvlYv Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| ¯^v¶x I ¯^v¶¨cÖgvY †Kej gvÎ h_vh_
Av`vj‡Zi ‡mk‡bi gva¨‡gB we‡ePbv Kiv hv‡e|
aviv 73 - gvgjvi wfbœZvi †¶‡Î Av`vj‡Zi gvÎvi (levels of courts) wfbœZv _vK‡Z cv‡i| wKQy wePviK †Kvb GK
wbw`©ó gvÎvq we‡kl wKQy gvgjvi Rb¨ `vwqZ¡cÖvß n‡Z cv‡ib Ges Ab¨ Av`vj‡Zi wePviKMY Ab¨vb¨ gvgjv
wePvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
aviv 74 - Avwcj ev LvwiR Gi Rb¨ †Kvb Av`vjZ _vK‡e bv| cÖwZwU wePviB P~ovš— e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e| hLb
†Kvb wePviK ivq †NvlYv Ki‡eb, ZZ¶Yvr GwU ev¯evqb— ‡hvM¨| Ab¨ †Kvb wePvi‡Ki ivq G wm×vš‡K—
cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|
aviv 75 - gynZvwme n‡”Q Ggb GKRb wePviK whwb Rbmvavi‡Y¨ AvBbf‡½i wePvi K‡ib Ges †hLv‡b †Kvb ev`x
(Av‡e`bKvix) †bB| j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e †h GB gvgjvwU gvivZ¥K (felonies) ev û`y` m¤úwK©Z bq|
aviv 76 - hLb Ges †hLv‡bB AvBb jsNb n‡e ZZ¶Yvr gynZvwme Gi Zv wePv‡ii ¶gZv i‡q‡Q| Zvi ivq †NvlYvi Rb¨
†Kvb Av`vj‡Zi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| gynZvwm‡ei AwaKv‡i wKQy msL¨K cywjk _vK‡e hviv Zvi wb‡`©k ev¯evqb—
Ki‡eb Ges ZZ¶Yvr wePv‡ii ivq Kvh©Ki Ki‡eb|
aviv 77 - gynZvwm‡ei Zvi mnKvix wb‡qvM`v‡bi ¶gZv i‡q‡Q| G mnKvixi gynZvwm‡ei Abyiƒc †hvM¨Zv _vK‡Z
n‡e| wZwb Zv‡ì wewfbœ ¯’v‡b wb‡qvM w`‡Z cv‡ib| G mKj mnKvixi Zv‡ì Rb¨ wba©vwiZ gvgjv I ¯’v‡b
gynZvwm‡ei mgvb AwaKvi _vK‡e| (Zv‡ì mxgvi g‡a¨)
aviv 78 - gvRvwjg Av`vj‡Zi wePviK Lwjdv ev miKvix Kg©Pvix‡ì ‡h †Kvb Ab¨vq KvR cÖwZKvi/wePvi Kivi
`vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvMcÖvß| Lwjdv wKsev †h †Kvb miKvix Kg©Pvixi iv‡óªi Awaevmx bvMwiK wKsev AbvMwiK,
†h †Kvb e¨w³i cÖwZ †h †Kvb cÖKvi Ab¨v‡qi wePvi Kivi `vwqZ¡ gvRvwjg Av`vj‡Zi wePvi‡Ki|
aviv 79 - gvRvwjg Av`vj‡Zi wePviKeM© Lwjdv wKsev cÖavb wePviK KZ©„K wb‡qvMcÖvß nb| Lwjdv Zvi
Kv‡Ri g~j¨vqb K‡ib Ges Zv‡K wbqgvbyeZ©x K‡ib| hw` cÖ‡qvRb nq Ges Lwjdv hw` h_vh_ KZ©„Z¡ w`‡q
_v‡Kb, Z‡e GwU gvRvwjg Av`vj‡Zi ØvivI n‡Z cv‡i|

121
Aek¨ hw` ‡Kvb gvgjvq Lwjdv, Zvi mnKvix wKsev cÖavb wePvicwZ RwoZ _v‡Kb Z‡e Zviv H mgq gvRvwjg
Av`vj‡Zi wePviK‡K eiLv¯— Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv|
aviv 80 - gvRvwjg Av`vj‡Z wb‡qv‡Mi †¶‡Î wePvi‡Ki msL¨vi †Kvb mxgve×Zv †bB| Lwjdv Ab¨vq cÖwZKvi Kivi
Rb¨ hZ msL¨K wePviK cÖ‡qvRb, ZZ Rb wePvi‡Ki wb‡qvM w`‡Z cv‡ib| hwÌ †Kvb wePvwiK ‡mk‡b GKvwaK
wePviK Dcw¯’Z _vK‡Z cv‡ib, wKš‘ GKRb wePvi‡KiB ivq †èvi AwaKvi _vK‡e| evKx wePviKMY Av‡jvPbv ev
civgk© w`‡Z cv‡ib gvÎ| Zv‡ì civgk© wePvi‡Ki iv‡qi †¶‡Î evaëvaKZv Av‡ivc Ki‡e bv|
aviv 81 - gvRvwjg Av`vj‡Zi Lwjdvmn †h †Kvb kvmK, MfY©i A_ev miKvix Kg©Pvix‡K eiLv¯— Kivi AwaKvi
i‡q‡Q|
aviv 82 - gvRvwjg Av`vj‡Zi miKvix Kg©Pvixi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z ‡h †Kvb gvgjv wKsev Lwjdvi AvnKvg kixqvn
jsN‡bi wel‡q Z`š— Kivi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| GQvovI Zvi Lwjdvi †Kvb kixqvni e³‡eï e¨L¨v, msweav‡b AvBb msµvš
— wjwc wKsev Kvby‡bi wel‡q Z`š— Kivi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| The court also oversees situations involving levying of
a tax.
aviv 83 - gvRvwjg Av`vj‡Zi wePvi‡Ki GKwU Av`vjZ †mk‡bi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| weev`x‡K Av`vj‡Z Dcw¯’Z Kivi
evaëvaKZv †bB weavq gvgjvi †Kvb ev`xiI cÖ‡qvRb †bB| gvRvwjg Av`vj‡Zi †h †Kvb AwePv‡ii cÖwZ j¶¨ Kiv I
wePv‡ii AwaKvi i‡q‡Q hwÌ †Kvb e¨w³ G welqwU Av`vj‡Z bv G‡b _v‡Kb|
aviv 84 - cÖwZwU weev`x Ges ev`xi GKRb cÖwZwbwa wb‡qv‡Mi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| G cÖwZwbwa GKRb cyi“l
ev bvix , gymwjg wKsev Agymwjg n‡Z cv‡ib| Zvi Ges Zvi cÖwZwbwai gv‡S †Kvb cv_©K¨ _vK‡e bv| The proxy
can be appointed with a wage
agreed upon between the person and his/her proxy.
aviv 85 - †Kvb e¨w³ †Kvb wel‡q e¨w³MZ `vwqZ¡cÖvß (private assignment) n‡j, ‡hgb Kvh©wbe©vnK (executor),
i¶Yv‡e¶YKvix (custodian) ev AwffveK (guardian); A_ev †Kvb wel‡q cvewjK `vwqZ¡cÖvß (public assignment)
n‡j, ‡hgb Lwjdv, kvmK ev miKvix Kg©Pvix, GKRb gvRvwjg wePviK A_ev gynZvwme - wZwb Zvi c‡¶ GKRb
cÖwZwbwa wb‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| Z‡e Zv‡K Aek¨B D‡jwLZ ¶gZvi MÛxi wfZi _vK‡Z n‡e - A_©vr wZwb
GKRb Kvh©wbe©vnK, i¶Yv‡e¶YKvix, AwffveK, iv‡óªi cÖavb, kvmK, Kg©Pvix, gvRvwjg wePviK A_ev GKRb
gynZvwme wnmv‡e Zvi c‡¶ GKRb cÖwZwbwa wb‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| ev`x ev weev`x Df‡qi †¶‡ÎB cÖwZwbwa
wb‡qv‡Mi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q|
cÖv‡`wkK MfY©i
aviv 86 - Bmjvgx iv‡óªi AšM©Z— AÂj KZ¸‡jv GK‡K (units) wef³, G¸‡jv n‡”Q DwqjvqvZ ev cÖ‡`k| cÖwZwU
Dwqjvqvn Av‡iv ¶z`ª ¶z`ª fv‡M wef³, h_v: ÕBgvjvZ (†Rjv)| whwb DwqjvqvZ cwiPvjbv K‡ib, wZwb Iqvwj ev
Avwgi| Ges whwb ÕBgvjvn cwiPvjbv K‡ib wZwb ÕAvwgj (mve-MfY©i)|
aviv 87 - Lwjdv Iqvwj Ges ÕAvwgj wb‡qvM †`b| Iqvwj hw` ¶gZvcÖvß nb, Z‡e wZwb ÕAvwgj wb‡qvM w`‡Z
cv‡ib| Iqvwj Ges ÕAvwgj nevi Rb¨ Lwjdvi Abyiƒc †hvM¨Zv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| Zv‡ì Aek¨B gymwjg, cyi“l, gy³
(¯^vaxb), cÖKZ¯’,… b¨vqcivqY Ges cÖvß eq¯‹ n‡Z n‡e| ¯^ ¯^ `vwq‡Z¡ Aek¨B Zv‡ì `vwqZ¡kxj n‡Z n‡e|
Zv‡ì‡K ci‡nRMvi e¨w³e‡M©i ga¨ †_‡K wb‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Zv n‡Z n‡e P~ovš|—
aviv 88 - IqvwjMY Lwjdvi cÖwZwbwa wnmv‡e Zv‡ì Aaxb¯’ cÖ‡`‡ki wewfbœ wefv‡Mi Kvh©µ‡gi gyj¨vqb,
kvmb I ZË¡veavb Kivi KZ©„Z¡ i‡q‡Q| cÖ‡`‡ki IqvwjM‡Yi iv‡óªi wb‡qvMcÖvß gyIqvDwqb ZvdDwq‡ì
(‡WcywU mnKvix‡ì) Abyiƒc ¶gZv I KZ©„Z¡ i‡q‡Q| A_©, wePvi wefvM Ges mk¯¿ evwnbx Qvov, cÖ‡`‡ki
RbM‡Yi Dci Zvi Av‡`k †èvi AwaKvi I wewfbœ welq wbqš¿Y Kivi ¶gZv i‡q‡Q| Aek¨ Zvi cywj‡ki Dci wbe©vnx
¶gZv i‡q‡Q, cÖkvmwbK ¶gZv bq|
aviv 89 - Iqvwj Zvi ¶gZvi g‡a¨ ‡_‡K wK wK c`‡¶c MÖnY Ki‡Qb Zv Lwjdv‡K Rvbv‡Z eva¨ bb| Aek¨ wZwb
B”Qv Ki‡j Zv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| wKš‘ hw` †Kvb bZzb I AmvaviY Ae¯’vi m„wó nq, Z‡e Zvi c~‡e©B Lwjdv‡K
Rvbv‡bv DwPr| Gici wZwb Lwjdvi wb‡`©kbv

122
Abyhvqx mgm¨v mgvav‡b AMÖmi n‡Z cv‡ib| hw` A‡c¶vi d‡j †Kvb ¶wZi AvksKv _v‡K Z‡e cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡¶c
†bqvi ci wZwb Lwjdv‡K Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© AewnZ Ki‡eb Ges Zvi M„nxZ c`‡¶c I c~‡e© bv Rvbv‡bvi KviY e¨L¨v
Ki‡eb|
aviv 90 - cÖwZwU cÖ‡`‡ki Zvi RbM‡Yi Øviv wbe©vwPZ GKwU msm` _vK‡e hvi kx‡l© _vK‡eb D³ cÖ‡`‡ki
Iqvwj| G msm‡ì cÖkvmwbK wel‡q gZvgZ †`qvi AwaKvi _vK‡e, wKš‘ kvmb m¤úwK©Z wel‡q bq| msm‡ì
GmKj gZvgZ Iqvwj gvb‡Z eva¨ bb|
aviv 91 - ‡Kvb GKwU wbw`©ó cÖ‡`‡k Iqvwji Kvh©vj‡q Zvi Dcw¯’wZi mgqmxgv Lye `xN© n‡e bv| hLbB Zvi
Ae¯’vb k³ n‡e wKsev RbMY Zv‡K cÖksmv Ki‡Z _vK‡e, ZLbB D³ ¯’vb †_‡K Zv‡K AcmvwiZ Kiv n‡e|
aviv 92 - Iqvwji wb‡qvM GKwU wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b mxgve× I mvaviY `vwq‡Z¡i AšM©Z|— Iqvwj GK cÖ‡`k †_‡K
Ab¨ cÖ‡`‡k ¯’vbvšwiZ— n‡eb bv| Zv‡K cÖ_‡g `vwqZ¡ †_‡K Ae¨nwZ †`qv n‡e Ges Zvici cÖ‡qvRb †ev‡a Zv‡K
Ab¨Î c~Y:wb‡qvM †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i|
aviv 93 - Lwjdv B”Qv Ki‡j wKsev gRwjm Dj D¤§vn Am‡švl— cÖKvk Ki‡j, Lwjdv Iqvwj‡K `vwqZ¡ †_‡K
Ae¨nwZ w`‡Z cv‡ib| G‡¶‡Î Zv h_vh_ wKbv A_ev AwaKvsk ‡jvK Zvi cÖwZ Amš‘ó wK bv, Zv we‡eP¨ bq|
†h‡Kvb NUbvqB Ae¨nwZ ev eiLv‡¯i— Av‡`k Lwjdvi wbKU †_‡K Avm‡Z n‡e|
aviv 94 - Lwjdvi Iqvwj‡ì Dci K‡Vvi wbqš¿Y Av‡ivc Kiv DwPr| Lwjdvi ch©vqµ‡g Zv‡ì (Iqvwj‡ì) mvdj¨/
KwZZ¡… g~j¨vqb Kiv DwPr Ges assign people to periodically check on them| Zvi e¨w³MZ wKsev mgwóMZfv‡e
Iqvwj‡ì mv‡_ mv¶vr Kiv
DwPr| Lwjdvi Iqvwj‡ì wei“‡× RbM‡Yi †Kvb Awf‡hvM ev gZvgZ _vK‡j Zv wbqwgZ †kvbv DwPr|
cÖkvmwbK eë¯’v
aviv 95 - miKv‡ii wewfbœ wel‡qi eë¯’vcbv Ges RbM‡Yi ¯^v_© mswkó welq¸‡jv cÖkvmb, `ßi (eÿ‡iv) I wefvM
mg~n m¤úv`b Ki‡e| GmKj cÖwZôvb miKv‡ii `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib Ges RbM‡Yi ¯^v_© msi¶Y K‡ib|
aviv 96 - cÖkvmwbK bxwZgvjv cÖYxZ n‡e RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q wb‡q hvIqvi †¶‡Î mvij¨, `¶Zv I w¶cÖZvi Dci wfwË
K‡i Ges hviv G KvRwU ev¯evqb— Ki‡eb Zv‡ì †hvM¨Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i|
aviv 97 - ‡h †Kvb †hvM¨ bvMwiK, cyi“l ev bvix, gymwjg ev Agymwjg, †h †Kvb cÖkvmb, eÿ‡iv ev wefv‡Mi
mwPe wbhy³ n‡Z cv‡ib|
aviv 98 - mKj cÖkvm‡bi GKRb cwiPvjK _vK‡eb| cÖwZwU eÿ‡iv I wefv‡Mi GKRb wefvMxq cÖavb _vK‡eb|
wefvMxq cÖavbMY cÖkvmwbK wel‡qi cwiPvj‡Ki wbKU Z_¨ weeiYx (wi‡cvU©) †ck Ki‡eb| Giv Avevi
cÖ‡Z¨‡KB cÖkvmwbK Aa¨v‡`k ev Rb Av‡`k †f‡` Iqvwj ev ÕAvwgj Gi wbKU `vqe×|
aviv 99 - cwiPvjKe„›`, Kvh©vjq mg~n, Ges wefvMxq cÖavbMY cÖkvmwbK wbqgKvbyb msµvš— wel‡qi Kvi‡Y
eiLv¯— n‡Z cv‡ib| Zv‡ì GK¯’vb †_‡K Ab¨Î ¯’vbvši— Kiv ev mvgwqK eiLv¯— Kivi AbygwZ i‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU
cÖkvm‡bi, eÿ‡iv A_ev wefv‡Mi cÖavb wnmv‡e hvi P~ovš— ¶gZv i‡q‡Q wZwb GmKj cwiPvjKe„‡›ì wb‡qvM,
eiLv¯,— ¯’vbvši,— mvgwqK eiLv¯— Ges wbqgvbyeZ©x Kivi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q|
aviv 100 - cÖkvmb ev eÿ‡iv cÖavb e¨ZxZ miKvix PvKzixRxwe‡ì (wmwfj mv‡f©›Um) wb‡qvM, ¯’vbvši,—
mvgwqK eiLv¯,— cÖkœwe× KiY, wbqgvbyeZ©x A_ev eiLv¯— Kivi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q cÖkvmwbK ev wefvMxq
cwiPvjKe„‡›ì|
gvRwjm Dj D¤§vn
aviv 101 - gRwjm Dj D¤§vn Ggb me e¨w³e‡M©i mgš^‡q MwVZ n‡e hviv hLb wRÁvwmZ n‡eb, ZLb gymwjg‡ì
`„wóf½x Lwjdvi wbKU cÖKvk Ki‡eb| AgymwjgMYI gRwjm Dj D¤§vni m`m¨ n‡Z cvi‡eb; d‡j Zviv Zv‡ì Dci
msNwUZ †Kvb AwePvi wKsev Bmjvgx AvB‡bi †Kvb Aceënvi m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì e³e¨ †ck Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
123
aviv 102 - gRwjm Dj D¤§vni m`m¨MY RbMY KZ©K… wbe©vwPZ n‡eb|
aviv 103 - cÖwZwU bvMwi‡Ki gRwjm Dj D¤§vn m`m¨ nevi †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| G‡¶‡Î Zv‡K cwiYZ, cÖKZ¯’…
n‡Z n‡e| GwU gymwjg - Agymwjg, cyi“l-bvix wbwe©‡k‡l cÖ‡hvR¨| Aek¨ Agymwjg‡ì m`m¨c` Zv‡ì wei“‡×
msNwUZ †Kvb AwePvi ev Bmjvgx AvB‡bi AccÖ‡qvM m¤ú‡K© e³e¨ †ck Kivi gv‡SB mxgve× _vK‡e|
aviv 104 - ïiv n‡”Q †h †Kvb gZgZ cÖKv‡ki Aby‡iva gvÎ| gvïiv GKwU eva¨Zvg~jK gZvg‡Zi Aby‡iva|
AvBbcÖYqb msµvš— welq, msÁv, eyw×e„wËK welq ‡hgb Z‡_ï cix¶Y, weÁvb I cÖhyw³ gvïivÕi Ašf©y³— bq|
evKx mKj welq gvïivi AšM©Z|—
aviv 105 - gymwjg, Agymwjg wbwe©‡k‡l mKj bvMwiK Zv‡ì gZvgZ/`„wóf½x cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ ïiv
†KejgvÎ gymwjg‡ì gv‡SB mxgve× _vK‡e|
aviv 106 - gvïivi AšM©Z— cÖwZwU BmÿB mwVK ev åvš— hvB †nvK bv †Kb, msL¨vMwiô gZvg‡Zi wfwË‡Z
M„nxZ n‡e| ïivi mKj wel‡q msL¨vMwiô ev jwNô hvB †nvK bv †Kb, mwVK gZvgZwU †LuvRvi †Póv Kiv n‡e|
aviv 107 - gvRwjm Dj D¤§vn PviwU wel‡qi `vwqZ¡cÖvß| G¸‡jv n‡”Q:
1. K. gvïivi AšM©Z— welq, h_v kvmb, wk¶v, ¯^v¯’¨, A_©bxwZ msµvš— wel‡q gvRwj‡mi gZvgZ
AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e| Ab¨vb¨ welq †hgb ciivóª bxwZ, A_©ms¯’vb (wdbvÝ) Ges mk¯¿ evwnbxi ‡¶‡Î gRwjm Dj
D¤§vni gZvgZ AbymiY eva¨Zvg~jK bq|
L. miKv‡ii M„nxZ mKj c`‡¶c wel‡q cÖkœ Kiv, Zv Avf¨šixb— wKsev ewn¯’ e¨vcvi †nvK ev
A_©ms¯’vb ev mvgwiK welqB †nvK bv ‡Kb| †h mKj wel‡qi wm×vš— msL¨vMwiô gZvg‡Zi wfwË‡Z n‡q _v‡K,
†m me ¯’v‡b gRwjm Dj D¤§vni gZvgZ MÖnY eva¨Zvg~jK| †h mKj ¯’v‡b msL¨v Mwiô gZvgZ PvIqv nqbv, †m
mKj ¯’v‡b gRwj‡mi `„wóf½x eva¨Zvg~jK bq| †Kvb wel‡q kixqvn `„wó‡KvY †_‡K gRwjm Dj D¤§vn I kvmKe„›`
gZv‰b‡K¨ DcbxZ n‡j, gvnKvgvZzj gvRvwjg wm×vš— MÖnY Ki‡eb|
2. gRwjm Dj D¤§vn Lwjdvi wbKU Zv‡ì MfY©i I mnKvix‡ì e¨vcv‡i Am‡švl— cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
‡m†¶‡Î gRwj‡mi gZvgZ MÖnY eva¨Zvg~jK| Lwjdv Zr¶Yvr Zv‡ì eiLv¯— Ki‡eb|
3. Lwjdvi M„nxZ AvBb, msweavb I wb‡`©kbv msµvš— welq¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv I cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ Lwjdv
gRwj‡mi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cv‡ib, wKš‘ †m‡¶‡Î Zv‡ì gZvgZ MÖnY eva¨Zvg~jK bq| Aek¨ ïaygvÎ gymwjg
m`m¨‡ìB G wel‡q gZvgZ cÖKv‡ki AwaKvi _vK‡e|
4. gRwj‡mi gymwjg m`m¨‡ì Lwjdvc‡` cÖv_©x g‡bvbqb †`qvi we‡kl ¶gZv _vK‡e| †Kvb cÖv_©xB
gRwj‡mi g‡bvbqb e¨ZxZ `vov‡Z cvi‡e bv| G‡¶‡Î gRwj‡mi wm×vš— Abymib Kiv eva¨Zvg~jK|
mvgvwRK eë¯’v
aviv 108 - GKRb bvix cÖavbZ GKRb gv I M„neay| wZwb GKRb gh©v`vi cvÎ Ges Zv‡K Aek¨B myiw¶Z ivLv
eva¨Zvg~jK|
aviv 109 - cyi“l Ges bvix‡K †gŠwjKfv‡e c„_K ivLv DwPr| kixqvn Aby‡gvw`Z cÖ‡qvRb e¨Zx‡i‡K Zv‡ì
‡gjv‡gkv Kiv AbywPZ| †gjv‡gkvi †¶‡Î kixqvn Aby‡gvw`Z KviY _vK‡Z n‡e, †hgb µq-weµq Ges n¾|
aviv 110 - bvix I cyi“l‡K c„_Kfv‡e cÖ`Ë wKQy e¨wZµgx we‡kl AwaKvi e¨ZxZ Ab¨ mKj †¶‡Î bvix I cyi“‡li
AwaKvi I `vwqZ¡ mgvb| G ai‡Yi e¨wZµ‡gi †¶‡Î kixqvni cÖgvY _vK‡Z n‡e| bvixi eëmv, Lvgvi, wkí, P~w³ Kiv,
eëmvwqK †jb‡`b P~w³ Kiv, mKj cÖKvi e¨w³ gvwjKvbvaxb m¤úwË AR©b Kiv, Zvi wKsev Zvi cÖwZwbwai
gva¨‡g wbR¯^ A_© jMœxKiY Ges Rxe‡bi mKj welq Pvjbv Kivi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q|
aviv 111 - bvixiv Lwjdv‡K evBqvZ †èvi gva¨‡g wbe©vPb cÖwµqvq Ask wb‡Z cv‡i| Zviv gRwjm Dj D¤§vni
m`m¨ n‡Z cv‡i| Zviv iv‡óªi Kg©PvixI wbhy³ n‡Z cv‡i|
124
aviv 112 - GKRb bvixi Rb¨ kvmb `vwqZ¡ MÖnY Kivi AbygwZ †bB| GKRb bvix Lwjdv, Iqvwj, ÕAvwgj Gi c`
MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv Ges wZwb kvmb KvR wKsev Abyiƒc †Kvb KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv|
aviv 113 - Rbmg‡¶ I e¨w³MZ Rxe‡bi Dfq‡¶‡ÎB bvixi Kvh©µg i‡q‡Q| Rbmg‡¶ bvixiv Ab¨ bvix, gvnwig cyi“l Ges
Ab¨ cyi“l‡ì mvg‡b Dcw¯’Z n‡Z cv‡I; D‡jL¨ †h, Zv‡ì gyLgÛj I nvZ e¨ZxZ kix‡ii †Kvb AskB cÖKvwkZ n‡e bv|
cÖ‡ivPYv m~jf AvPiY ev †cvlvK AbywgZ bq| e¨w³MZ Rxe‡b bvixiv Ab¨ bvix wKsev gvnwig cyi“‡li mv‡_
emevm Ki‡Z cv‡i| Dfq‡¶‡ÎB kixqvn AvBb †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e|
aviv 114 - GKRb MvBi-gvnwig cyi“l I GKRb bvixi †Kvb gvnwig e¨ZxZ wbR©‡b (LyjIqv) _vKv AbywgZ bq|
(Zvevi“R), †gKAvc (mvR m¾v) Ges †cvlvK hv Ab¨ cyi“l‡K AvKl©Y K‡i wKsev kix‡ii Ask cÖKvk K‡i Zv
MvBi-gvnwig cyi“‡li mvg‡b cwiavb Kivi AbygwZ †bB|
aviv 115 - cyi“l I bvixi GK‡Î Ggb †Kvb KvR ev †ckv MÖnY Kiv DwPr bq hv mgv‡Ri g~j¨‡eva‡K D‡c¶v K‡i
wKsev mgv‡R Ae¶q m„wó K‡i|
aviv 116 - weevn n‡”Q cÖkvwš— I mvnPh©xq Rxeb| Kv‡RB ¯¿xi cÖwZ GKRb ¯^vgxi `vwqZ¡ n‡”Q †`Lv-†kvbv
Kiv I hZœ Kiv (take care), kvmb bq| ¯¿x‡K AbyMZ nIqv I ¯^vgx‡K wiwR‡Ki eë¯’v Kivi (provide) `vwqZ¡ cvjb
Ki‡Z n‡e|
aviv 117 - ¯^vgx I ¯¿xi mvsmvwiK KvR m¤ú‡bœi ‡¶‡Î G‡K Ac‡ii cÖwZ mn‡hvwMZvc~Y© AvPiY Kiv
Avek¨K| ¯^vgx M„‡ni evB‡ii mKj KvR Ki‡eb| ¯¿x mvaviYZ Zvi mva¨gZ M„nvf¨š‡i— m¤úvw`Z KvR¸‡jvi
`vwqZ¡ †b‡eb| ¯¿xi Rb¨ `yiƒn Kv‡R Zv‡K mvnv‡hï ¯^vgx‡K cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i GKRb `vmxi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
aviv 118 - wkï‡ì msi¶Y (custody), gymwjg ev Agymwjg wbwe©‡k‡l, GKwU gv‡qi AwaKvi I `vwqZ¡| Ges GwU
ZZ¶Y ch©š— cÖ‡hvR¨ hZ¶Y ch©š— wkïwUi Zvi gv‡K cÖ‡qvRb| hLb wkïi (†Q‡j ev †g‡q) h‡Zœi cÖ‡qvRb
n‡ebv, ZLb Zviv Zv‡ì cQ›` Abyhvqx Awffve‡Ki mv‡_ emevm Ki‡Z cv‡i| GwU ZLbB cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e hLb Dfq
AwffveKB gymwjg| hw` AwffveK‡ì GKRb gymwjg I AciRb Agymwjg nq, Z‡e wkïwU‡K gymwjg Awffve‡Ki
mv‡_ emevm Ki‡Z n‡e Ges G‡¶‡Î Ab¨ †Kvb my‡hvM †bB|
A_©‰bwZK eë¯’v
aviv 119 - Economic policy is the view of what the society ought to be when addressing the satisfaction of its
needs. Therefore what the society ought to be is taken as the basis for satisfying the needs.
aviv 120 - A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v n‡”Q mKj bvMwi‡Ki wbKU m¤ú` (dvÛ) I jv‡fi e›Ub; hv‡Z K‡i Zviv G¸‡jv
AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges hvi Rb¨ Zviv KvR K‡i|
aviv 121 - iv‡óªi Aek¨B cÖwZwU e¨w³i †gŠwjK Pvwn`vi mvgwMÖK cwic~Y©Zvi wbðqZv w`‡Z n‡e| ivóª‡K
cÖwZwU e¨w³i wejv‡mi †¶‡Î m¤¢ve¨ m‡ev©”P gvÎvq Zzwói my‡hvM K‡i w`‡Z n‡e|
aviv 122 - m¤ú‡ì gvwjK Avjvn| wZwb gvbyl‡K GwU eënv‡ii my‡hvM w`‡q‡Qb| Zvi AbygwZµ‡g gvby‡li m¤ú`
AR©‡bi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| Avjvn cÖwZwU e¨w³‡K m¤ú` AR©b Kivi AbygwZ w`‡q‡Qb| GB we‡kl AbygwZi
my‡hv‡M e¨w³ m¤ú` AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i|
aviv 123 - wZb ai‡Yi gvwjKvbv i‡q‡Q| h_v: e¨w³ gvwjKvbv, Rb gvwjKvbv I ivóªxq gvwjKvbv|
aviv 124 - e¨w³MZ gvwjKvbvi e¨vcv‡i ûKzg kiC i‡q‡Q, hv wbwðZ K‡i †h, e¨w³ Zvi AwaM„nxZ e¯‘ ev jvf
myweavRbK †h †Kvb Dcv‡q Zv weµx ev eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡i|
aviv 125 - Rb gvwjKvbvaxb m¤ú` n‡”Q Rb‡Mvôx KZ©„K AwaKZ… e¯‘i mydj †fvM I eënv‡ii kiC AbygwZ|
125
aviv 126 - cÖwZwU m¤ú` hvi e¨vcv‡i ïaygvÎ Lwjdvi BRwZnv‡ì gva¨‡g wm×vš— MÖnY Kiv hvq Zv iv‡óªi
m¤ú` wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ| h_v mvaviY Ki, LvivR Ges wRwhqv jä m¤ú`|
aviv 127 - e¨w³ gvwjKvbvaxb Zij (liquid) I wbw`©ó (fixed) m¤ú` AR©b wbgœwjwLZ kixqvn KviY Øviv mxwgZ:
K. KvR
L. DËivwaKvi
M. Aw¯‡Z¡i— Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq A_©ms¯’vb
N.iv‡óªi wbR¯^ m¤ú` †_‡K bvMwi‡Ki cÖwZ Aby`vb
O.†Kvb cÖ‡Póv Qvov e¨w³i AwR©Z m¤úwË
aviv 128 - m¤ú‡ì eënvi kixqvni AbygwZ Øviv mxwgZ| GwU LiP I jMœxKiY Dfq‡¶‡ÎB cÖ‡hvR¨| AcPq, Ace¨q
Ges KcYZv… wbwl×| cuywRev`x †Kv¤úvbx, ‡Kv Acv‡iwUf Ges mKj cÖKvi A‰bwZK †jb‡`b h_v wiev (my`),
RvwjqvZ, GK”QÎ AwacwZ (g‡bvcwj), Ryqv Ges Abyiƒc †jb‡`b wbwl×|
aviv 129 - Avj Dkwiqvn f~wg n‡”Q Avie eØxc I †hmKj f~wgi AwaevmxMY Bmjvg MÖnY K‡i‡Q| Avj LvivBR
f~wg n‡”Q Avie eØxc e¨vwZZ Ab¨vb¨ f~wg hv ivóª wRnv` ev kvwš— P~w³i gva¨‡g AwaMÖnY K‡i‡Q| Avj
Dkwiqvn f~wg I Zvi jvf e¨w³i gvwjKvbvi Ašf©~³|— Avj LvivBR f~wg iv‡ó&ªi gvwjKvbvaxb| e¨w³ Gi mydj †fvM
K‡i _v‡K| cÖwZwU e¨w³i kixqvn P~w³i gva¨‡g Avj Dkwiqvn f~wg I Avj LvivBR f~wgi mydj wewbgq Kivi
AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| Ab¨vb¨ m¤úwËi gZ G mKj m¤úwËiI DËivwaKvi i‡q‡Q|
aviv 130 - †h †Kvb e¨w³ mxgvbv cÖvPxi ev wPwnèZKi‡Yi †NvlYvi gva¨‡g cwZZ f~wgi c~Y:gvwjKvbv `vex
Ki‡Z cv‡i| Ab¨vb¨ f~wg¸‡jv †KejgvÎ kixqvn Abyhvqx AwaMÖnY Kiv hvq, †hgb DËivwaKvi, µq weµq A_ev ivóª
†_‡K Aby`vb cÖvß m~‡Î|
aviv 131 - Avj Dkwiqvn wKsev Avj LvivBR f~wg, Pvlvev‡ì Rb¨ eM©v †`qv wbwl×| MvQ ecb Kiv Rwgi share
cropping AbygwZ i‡q‡Q| Ab¨ †Kvb f~wgi share cropping AbygwZ †bB|
aviv 132
cÖwZwU Rwgi gvwj‡Ki Zvi Rwgi h_v_© eënvi eva¨Zvg~jK| G Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Afvex e¨w³‡ì evBZzj gvj †_‡K
cÖ‡qvRbxq mvnvh¨ †`qv nq| †KD hw` Zvi Rwg wZbeQ‡ii AwaK AeëüZ Ae¯’vq †d‡j iv‡L Z‡e Zvi wbKU n‡Z
Zv wb‡q Ab¨ e¨w³‡K w`‡q †`qv nq|
aviv 133 - wbgœwjwLZ wZbwU welq RbgvwjKvbv wbwðZ K‡i:

K. me© mvavi‡Yi ‡mevg~jK ¯’vb, h_v kn‡ii Db¥y³ ¯’vb (¯‹qvi), iv¯v— NvU I †mZz (eªxR)
L. LwbR m¤ú`, †hgb ˆZj †¶Î
M. †h mKj e¯‘ cÖKwZMZfv‡eB… e¨w³gvwjKvbvaxb nevi Abychy³, h_v b`x
aviv 134 - KviLvbv ¸‡jv mvaviYfv‡e e¨vw³ gvwjKvbaxb| Aek¨ cÖwZwU KviLvbv cY¨ Drcv`‡bi bxwZgvjv Øviv
wbqwš¿Z| hw` Drcvw`Z cY¨¸‡jv nq e¨w³ gvwjKvbvaxb, Z‡e KviLvbvwU e¨w³ gvwjKvbaxb e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e,
h_v: GKwU e¯¿/myZv KviLvbv| hw` Drcvw`Z cY¨¸‡jv RbgvwjKvbvaxb nq, †hgb ‡jŠn wb®‹vkb wkí, Z‡e Zv
RbgvwjKvbvaxb wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e|
aviv 135 - iv‡óªi e¨w³gvwjKvbvaxb m¤ú`‡K RbgvwjKvbvaxb m¤ú‡` cwiYZ Kivi †Kvb AwaKvi †bB| KviY,
RbgvwjKvbvaxb m¤ú` Zvi cÖKwZ… I ¸Yvejxi gva¨‡g wba©vwiZ nq, iv‡óªi `„wóf½xi gva¨‡g bq|
aviv 136 - RbgvwjKvaxb m¤ú` †_‡K cÖwZwU e¨w³i mydj †fvM Kivi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| iv‡óªi Ab¨vb¨ bvMwiK‡K
ev` w`‡q †Kvb wbw`©ó †Mvôx ev e¨vw³eM©‡K RbgvwjKvbvaxb m¤ú` eënvi wKsev AwaKvi Kivi AbygwZ
†`qvi AwaKvi †bB|
aviv 137 - RbM‡Yi ¯^v_© i¶v‡ © ivóª †h †Kvb gvwjKvbvnxb Rwg‡K wb‡Ri e‡j `vex Ki‡Z cv‡i| †hgb cwZZ
Rwg A_ev Ab¨ ‡Kvb RbgvwjKvbvaxb m¤úwË|
126
aviv 138 - m¤ú‡ì c~Äxf~Z KiY wbwl×, hwÌ ev Zvi Dci hvKvZ †`qv nq|
aviv 139 - kixqvn wba©vwiZ Dcv‡q gymwjg‡ì m¤ú‡ì Dci †_‡K hvKvZ Av`vq Kiv nq| (h_v: A_©, gvjcÎ,
cÖvYxR m¤ú` Ges km¨) kixqvn KZ©„K wba©vwiZ bq Ggb †Kvb wel‡qi Dci hvKvZ †bqv nq bv| hvKvZ
cÖwZwU gvwj‡Ki KvQ †_‡K Av`vq Kiv nq, †m
AvBbZ `vqe× (cwiYZ I cÖKZ¯’)… †nvK wKsev bv †nvK (AcwiYZ I AcÖKZ¯’)|… GwU evBZzj gv‡ji GKwU
we‡kl GKvD‡›U Rgv Kiv nq| hvKvZ ïaygvÎ KziAv‡b ewY©Z AvUwU LvZ¸‡jvi GKwU ev GKvwaK Lv‡Z e¨q
Kiv hvq|
aviv 140 - wRwhqv Av`vq Kiv nq wRw¤§‡ì wbKU †_‡K| GwU cwiYZ cyi“l‡ì wbKU †_‡K †bqv nq hw` Zviv
A_©‰bwZKfv‡e m¶g nq| GwU bvix wKsev wkï‡ì Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ bq|
aviv 141 - LvivR (f~wg-Ki) Avj LvivBR f~wg †_‡K Gi km¨ Drcv`‡bi m¤vebv¢ Abyhvqx msMÖn Kiv nq| Avj
Dkwiqv Rwgi Drcv`‡bi Dci hvKvZ †`qv nq|
aviv 142 - gymwjgiv kixqvn Aby‡gvw`Z Ki w`‡q _v‡K hv evBZzj gv‡ji LiP wgUv‡bvi Rb¨ e¨q nq| GwU ïaygvÎ
e¨w³i cÖ‡qvR‡bi PvB‡Z AwZwi³ m¤ú‡ì Dci Av‡ivc Kiv nq| G K‡ii gvÎv iv‡óªi Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨ h‡_ó n‡Z
n‡e| AgymwjgMY wRwhqv Qvov Ab¨ ‡Kvbiƒc Ki †`q bv|
aviv 143 - hw` kixqvnÕi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K †Kvb wbw`©ó KvR D¤§vni Dci `vwqZ¡ n‡q c‡o Ges D³ KvR Kivi Rb¨
evBZzj gv‡j A © bv _v‡K Z‡e kixqvni `„wó‡Z G A‡_©i ‡hvMvb ‡`qvi `vwqZ¡ D¤§vni Dci eZ©vq| GgZve¯’vq
iv‡óªi D¤§vni Dci we‡kl Ki avh© Kivi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| hw` D¤§vni G KvR Kivi AvBbMZ `vwqZ¡ bv _v‡K Z‡e
iv‡ó&ªi D¤§vni Dci Ki Av‡ivc Kivi †Kvb AwaKvi †bB| Kv‡RB iv‡óªi Av`vjZ wKsev cÖkvm‡bi wewfbœ wefvM
wKsev miKvix †Kvb Kv‡Ri LiP ‡gUv‡bvi Rb¨ D¤§vni wbKU Ki avh© Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
aviv 144 - iv‡óªi ev‡R‡Ui Rb¨ AvnKvg kixqvn wba©vwiZ KZ¸‡jv ¯’vqx Drm i‡q‡Q| ev‡RU Avevi various
wefv‡M wef³| cÖwZwU wefv‡Mi Rb¨ eivÏKZ… A © Ges cÖwZwU Kv‡Ri Rb¨ eivÏKZ… ev‡RU, DfqB Lwjdvi
gZvgZ I BRwZnv‡ì Dci wfwË K‡i wba©vwiZ nq|
aviv 145 - evBZzj gv‡ji ¯’vqx ivR¯^ ¸‡jv n‡”Q, dvq, jä gvj, wRwhqv, LvivR, wiKv‡Ri GK cÂgvsk (f~Mf©¯’
m¤ú`), Ges hvKvZ| cÖ‡qvRb _vK ev bv _vK, GmKj Drm †_‡K wbqwgZ fv‡e A © msMÖn Kiv nq|
aviv 146 - hw` evBZzj gv‡ji ¯’vqx ivR¯^ iv‡óªi LiP wgUv‡bvi †¶‡Î Ach©vß nq Z‡e wb‡gœv³ †¶‡Î Ki av‡h©i
AbygwZ i‡q‡Q:
K. `wi`ª, Afvex, Amnvq ch©U‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb wgUv‡Z Ges wRnv‡ì evaëvaKZv c~iY Ki‡Z|
L. cvwi‡ZvwlK: †hgb Kg©Pvix‡ì †eZb, kvm‡Ki ¶wZc~iY, ˆmwbK‡ì Lv`¨ BZ¨vw`|
M. Rb Kj¨vY I ‡mev cÖ`vbg~jK Kv‡Ri Rb¨: †hgb iv¯vNvU— wbg©vY, cvwb AvniY, gmwR`, we`¨vjq I
nvmcvZvj wbg©vY
BZ¨vw`|
N. Ri“ix Ae¯’vi cÖ‡qvR‡b, †hgb cÖvKwZK… `y‡h©vM, `ywf©¶, eb¨v wKsev f~wgK¤ú BZ¨vw`|
aviv 147 - Rb I ivóª gvwjKvbvaxb welq ‡_‡K Avq, DËvwiaKvinxb m¤ú`, mxgv‡š— Av‡ivwcZ ïé BZ¨vw` evBZzj
gv‡ji ivR¯^ wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ nq|
aviv 148 - evBZzj gv‡ji LiP wb‡gœv³ Qq cÖKvi e¨w³i gv‡S weZiY Kiv nq:
K. hvKvZ MÖn‡Yi Dchy³ AvU cÖKvi e¨w³| hw` G LvZ †_‡K †Kvb A_© Avq bv nq Z‡e Zv‡ì †Kvb
A_© †`qv nq bv|
L. hw` hvKv‡Zi A © Ach©vß nq Z‡e `wi`ª, Afvex, Amnvq ch©UK, FYMÖ¯’ Ges wRnv‡ì A © ¯’vqx
ivR‡¯î Drm †_‡K cÖ`vb Kiv nq| hw` ¯’vqx ivR¯^ Drm †_‡K cÖvß A © Ach©vß nq, Z‡e FYMÖ¯’ e¨w³ ‡Kvb
mvnvh¨ cvb bv| `wi`ª, Afvex, Amnvq ch©UK Ges wRnv‡ì A © D³ Lv‡Z Av‡ivwcZ we‡kl Ki †_‡K msM„nxZ nq|
hw` cÖ‡qvRb nq, Ges wek„sLjv Gov‡Z ivóª G Lv‡Z FY wb‡q cÖ‡qvRb wgUv‡Z cv‡i|
127
M. iv‡óªi wbw`©ó `vwqZ¡ cvjbiZ e¨w³e‡M©i cÖ‡qvRb wgUv‡Z evBZzj gvj A‡_©i †hvMvb †`q| †hgb
Kg©Pvix, kvmKe„›` Ges ˆmwbK| hw` G msµvš— A_© eivÏ Ach©vß nq, Z‡e ivóª we‡kl Ki Av‡ivc K‡i D³ A ©
msMÖn K‡i| wek„sLjvi Avk¼v †`Lv †`‡j FY MÖnY Kiv nq|
N. evBZzj gvj wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq †mevi Rb¨ A © ‡hvMvb †`q, h_v: iv¯—vNvU, gmwR`, nvmcvZvj Ges
we`¨vjq| hw` G ms&µvš— A_© eiv× AcÖZzj nq, Z‡e ivóª we‡kl Ki Av‡ivc K‡i G Li‡Pi A_© msMÖn K‡i|
O. Ab¨vb¨ Kg ¸i“Z¡c~Y© †mevi †¶‡ÎI evBZzj gvj A © †hvMvb †`q| hw` A © eivÏ AcÖZzj nq Z‡e ZZ¶Yvr
G wel‡q †Kvb LiP Kiv nq bv Ges G msµvš— A_© ms¯’vb wejw¤^Z nq|
P. wech©q/`y‡hv©M †hgb f~wgK¤ú Ges eb¨vi †¶‡Î evBZzj gvj †_‡K A_© eivÏ Kiv nq| hw` A_© eivÏ
AcÖZzj nq Z‡e FYMÖnY Kiv n‡e Ges cieZ©x‡Z Ki †_‡K Zv cwi‡kva Kiv nq|
aviv 149 - ivóª mKj bvMwi‡Ki Rb¨ Kg©ms¯’vb wbwðZ K‡i|
aviv 150 - e¨w³ ev †Kv¤úvbx KZ©K… wb‡qvMcÖvß Kg©PvixMY iv‡óªi Kg©Pvix‡ì mgvb AwaKviI
`vwqZ¡ †fvM K‡i| cÖ‡Z¨‡KB, whwb Zvi Kv‡Ri wewbgq wnmv‡e m¤§vbx cvb, wZwb Kg©Pvix wnmv‡e
we‡ewPZ nb, G‡¶‡Î Zvi Kv‡Ri aiY we‡eP¨ bq| Kg©`vZv I Kg©Pvixi g‡a¨ †eZ‡bi gvÎv wb‡q †Kvb weZK© n‡j,
evRvi ì Abyhvqx †eZb g~j¨vwqZ nq| hw` Ab¨ †Kvb welq wb‡K weZK© m„wó nq Z‡e kixqvni `„wó‡KvY †_‡K
PvKixii P~w³bvgv g~j¨vqb Kiv nq|
aviv 151 - Kg©Pvixi wbKU cÖZ¨vwkZ Kv‡Ri ev †mevi g~‡jï wfwË‡Z †eZb wba©vwiZ nq| GwU Kg©Pvixi
Ávb wKsev †hvM¨Zvi wfwË‡Z wba©vwiZ nq bv| G‡¶‡Î †Kvb eva¨Zvg~jK ev ¯^qswµq †eZb e„w×i AeKvk †bB|
eis Zviv †h KvR K‡ib Zvi Rb¨ Zv‡ì cÖvc¨ c~Y© g~‡jï mggv‡bi †eZb †`qv nq|
aviv 152 - ivóª A_©nxb, Kg©nxb I i“hxnxb e¨w³‡ì ch©vß cwigvY mnvqZv †`q| c½y I weKjv½‡ì M„nvqb I
cÖwZcvj‡bi `vwqZ¡ iv‡óªi|
aviv 153 - ivóª mKj bvMwi‡Ki g‡a¨ m¤ú‡ì AveZ©b wbwðZ K‡i Ges ïaygvÎ wKQy †jv‡Ki gv‡S m¤ú‡ì AveZ©b
wbwl× K‡i|
aviv 154 - wb‡gœv³ Dcv‡q ivóª cÖwZwU bvMwi‡Ki Pvwn`v Abyhvqx wejvm `ª‡eï cÖ‡qvRb wgUv‡Z mvnvh¨
K‡i Ges mgv‡R GKwU fvimvg¨ ¯’vc‡bi †Póv K‡i:
K. ivóª evBZzj gv‡ji A_© eivÏ †_‡K bvMwiK‡ì Rb¨ Zij I w¯’i m¤ú` cÖ`v‡bi eë¯’v K‡i|
L. ivóª Ach©vß Rwgi gvwjK‡ì dmjx Rwg cÖ`v‡bi eë¯’v K‡i| hv‡ì Rwg Av‡Q wKš‘ Zviv Zv eënvi
K‡ibv, Zv‡ì †Kvb Rwg †`qv n‡e bv| hviv Zv‡ì Rwg eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv, Zv‡ì Rwg eënv‡ii Rb¨
mnvqZv †`qv nq|
M. hviv Zv‡ì FY cwi‡kva Ki‡Z e¨ © n‡”Q, ivóª hvKvZ I evBZzj gv‡ji Ab¨vb¨ LvZ †_‡K Zv‡ì A ©
mvnvh¨ †`q|
aviv 155 - ivóª KwlKvR… I Zvi Drcv`b msµvš— welq¸‡jv KwlbxwZi… mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© fv‡e ZË¡eavb Ki‡e|
G‡Z K‡i m¤¢ve¨ mKj f~wgi cwic~Y© eënvi I f~wgi c~Y©v½ eënvi wbwðZ n‡e|
aviv 156 - ivóª wkí msµvš— welqvw` ZË¡veavb K‡i _v‡K| GwU RbgvwjKvbvaxb wkí¸‡jvi mivmwi
`vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡i _v‡K|
aviv 157 - AvšR©vwZK— evwY‡Rï g~j¨vqb nq ewY‡Ki bvMwiK‡Z¡i Dci wfwË K‡i, c‡Yï Dr‡mi Dci wfwË
K‡i bq| ivóª hv‡ì mv‡_ hy×ve¯’vq i‡q‡Q †m mKj †`‡ki ewYK‡ì iv‡óª evwYR¨ Ki‡Z evav †`q, hw` bv G‡¶‡Î
hw` D³ ewY‡Ki ev c‡Yï we‡kl AbygwZ _v‡K| ‡hmKj iv‡óªi mv‡_ P~w³ i‡q‡Q Zv‡ì P~w³ Abyhvqx ewYK‡ì
mv‡_ AvPiY Kiv nq| iv‡óªi bvMwiK‡ì †KŠkjMZ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© e¯‘ I cÖ‡qvRbxq e¯‘ ißvbx Ki‡Z evav †`qv nq|
Zv‡ì AwaKZ… †Kvb cY¨ Avg`vbx Ki‡Z †Kvb wb‡lavÁv †bB| Gi g‡a¨ †hmKj ivóª Avgv‡ì mv‡_ hy×ve¯’vq
Av‡Q Zviv Ašf©y³— bq, h_v: BmivBj| G‡¶‡Î hy×ve¯’vi AvBb cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e|
aviv 158 - cÖwZwU bvMwi‡Ki Rxeb Nwbô wel‡q M‡elYv I Dbœqbg~jK cix¶vMvi ¯’vc‡bi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q|
iv‡óªiI Abyiƒc M‡elYvMvi ¯’vcb Kiv DwPr|
128
aviv 159 - e¨w³ ev iv‡óªi Rb¨ ¶wZKviK wel‡q cix¶vMvi ¯’vcb I AwaKvi Kivi †¶‡Î e¨w³‡K ivóª wbe„Ë Ki‡e|
aviv 160 - ivóª mK‡ji Rb¨ webvg~‡j¨ ¯^v¯’¨ myweav ‡`q| Aek¨ GwU e¨w³MZ wPwKrmv Abykxjb wKsev Jla
weµx‡K evav †`q bv|
aviv 161 - iv‡óª we‡`kx cuywRi wewb‡qvM wbwl×| we‡`kx‡ì we‡kl A_©‰bwZK myweav ev we‡ePbvi
AwaKvi †ÌqvI wbwl×|
aviv 162 - iv‡óªi wbR¯^ g~`ªv _vKv Avek¨K| Ab¨ ‡Kvb †`‡ki gy`ªvi mv‡_ mshy³ _vKv AbywgZ bq|
aviv 163 - iv‡óªi g~`ªv nq ¯^Y© wKsev †iŠc¨, whether minted or not| Ab¨ †Kvb ai‡Yi g~`ªvi eënvi AbywgZ bq|
ivóª cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a ¯^Y© ev †iŠc¨ g~`ªvi cwie‡Z© Ab¨ †Kvb ai‡Yi g~`ªv cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z cv‡i Z‡e kZ© _v‡K †h,
mgcwigvY ¯^Y© ev †iŠc¨ ivóªxq †KvlvMv‡i Rgv _vK‡Z n‡e| A_©vr D`vniY ¯îƒc ivóª Zvi bvg LwPZ Zvgv
wKsev wcZ‡ji gy`ªv cÖPjb Ki‡Z cv‡i hw` Zv iv‡óªi gRy` ¯^Y© ev †iŠ‡cï mgcwigvY nq|
aviv 164 - iv‡óªi g~`ªv I ‰e‡`wkK gy`ªvi †jb‡`‡bi AbygwZ i‡q‡Q| Aek¨ Gai‡Yi †jb †`b bM‡` n‡Z n‡e Ges
†Kvbiƒc wej¤^ Kiv hv‡ebv| `ywU iv‡óªi gy`ªv wfbœ n‡j, Zv‡ì g‡a¨ wewbgq nv‡ii ZviZg¨ n‡Z cv‡i| bvMwiKiv
Zv‡ì cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx iv‡óªi ga¨ †_‡K wKsev evwni †_‡K gy`ªv µq Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Gai‡Yi µq weµ‡qi †¶‡Î
c~e©jä †Kvb AbygwZi cÖ‡qvRb †bB|
wk¶v bxwZ
aviv 165 - Bmjvgx AvKx`v mKj cvV¨µ‡gi wfwË MVb K‡i| cvV¨m~Px Ges wk¶vi c×wZ Ggb fv‡e cwiKwíZ nIqv
DwPr hv‡Z g~j wfwË †_‡K weP¨~Z nevi †Kvb my‡hvM bv _v‡K|
aviv 166 - wk¶vbxwZ Bmjvgx wPšv— I PwiÎ‡K mwVK iƒc ev AvKwZ… cÖ`vb K‡i| cvV¨m~Pxi AšM©Z— mKj
wel‡qiB G wfwËi Dci Mfxi fv‡e †cÖvw_Z _vKv Avek¨K|
aviv 167 - wk¶vi j¶¨ n‡”Q Bmjvgx e¨w³Z¡ MVb Kiv Ges Ávb weÁv‡bi wewfbœ wel‡qi mv‡_ RbM‡Yi Rxeb‡K
m¤ú„³ K‡i| wk¶vi c×wZ G j¶¨ c~i‡Yi Rb¨ cwiKwíZ Ges G j¶¨ †_‡K †Kvbiƒc weP¨~wZ‡K cÖwZnZ K‡i|
aviv 168 - Bmjvgx ms¯‹wZ… I Aviex fvlv wk¶vi †¶‡Î mßv‡n e¨qKZ… mgq Ab¨ welq¸‡jv wk¶vi wcQ‡b e¨qKZ…
mg‡qi mgvb nIqv Avek¨K|
aviv 169 - cix¶vjä weÁvb, Ges Gmsµvš— †h †Kvb welq †hgb MwYZ I mvs¯‹wZK… wefv‡Mi g‡a¨ my¯úó
wefvRb _vKv Avek¨K| cix¶vjä weÁvb Ges Gi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †h †Kvb welq cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i ‡kLv‡bv DwPr
Ges †Kvb wbw`©ó ¯‡i— mxgve× _vKv DwPr bq| mvs¯‹wZK… welq¸‡jv mywbw`©ó bxwZ Abyhvqx, D”PZi ¯‡ii
— c~‡e©, cÖv_wgK ¯‡i— wkLv‡bv DwPr hv‡Z K‡i Zv Bmjvgx aviYv I wewa weavb Gi mv‡_ mvh~R¨c~Y©
n‡Z cv‡i| D”PZi wk¶vi ¯‡i— G welq¸‡jv GKwU wbw`©ó welqiƒ‡c †kLv †h‡Z cv‡i, Z‡e j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e Zv †hb
‡Kvbµ‡gB wk¶vbxwZi g~j j¶¨ †_‡K weP~¨Z Ki‡Z bv cv‡i|
aviv 170 - wk¶vi mKj ¯‡i— Bmjvgx ms¯‹wZ… wk¶v †`qv DwPr| D”PZi wk¶vi ‡¶‡Î wPwKrmv, cÖ‡KŠkj,
c`v_©we`¨v Ges Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi gZ wewfbœ Bmjvgx wefvM cÖeZ©b Kiv DwPr|
aviv 171 - GKw`‡K KvwiMix I e„wËg~jK wk¶vi gZ welq¸‡jv weÁvb, eëmv cÖkvmb, ‡bŠwe`¨v I Kwlwe`¨vi…
gZ welq¸‡jvi m¤ú„³ _vK‡Z cv‡i | Gai‡Yi welq¸‡jv †Kvbiƒc mxgve×Zv ev kZ© QvovB ‡kLv DwPr| Aciw`‡K †h
welq¸‡jv GKwU wbw`©ó ms¯‹wZi… mv‡_ m¤ú„³ _v‡K Ges GKwU wbw`©ó `„wóf½x Øviv cÖfvweZ nq, †hgb
Pvi“wkí (A¼b wkí) I fv¯‹h©| GmKj ‡¶‡Î hw` G¸‡jv Bmjvgx `„wóf½xi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K nq Z‡e G welq¸‡jv
†kLv DwPr bq|
aviv 172 - iv‡óªi wk¶v cvV¨µgB ïaygvÎ ‡kLv‡bv DwPr| e¨w³MZ/†emiKvix we`¨vjq ¯’vc‡bi AbygwZ i‡q‡Q Z‡e
Zv‡ì Aek¨B iv‡óªi †eu‡a †`qv wk¶v cvV¨µ‡gi g‡a¨ mxgve× _vK‡Z n‡e| †Q‡j I †g‡q‡ì Rb¨ c„_K †kªbxi eë¯’v
_vK‡Z n‡e| GQvovI Ab¨

129
†Kvb ag©, †MvÎ ev e‡Y©i wfwË‡Z †Kvb we`¨vjq _vK‡Z cvi‡ebv| cÖwZwU we`¨vj‡qi iv‡óªi cÖYxZ cvV¨µg
AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e Ges iv‡óªi wba©vwiZ j¶¨ I bxwZgvjv Abymi‡Y Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì wk¶veë¯’v cÖeZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e|
aviv 173 - bvix-cyi“l wbwe©‡k‡l cÖwZwU e¨w³‡K Rxeb cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq welq wk¶v `vb iv‡óªi
eva¨Zvg~jK `vwqZ¡| AšZ:— cÖv_wgK I gva¨wgK ¯i— ch©š— GwU mevi Rb¨ webvg~‡j¨ cÖ`vb Kiv DwPr|
iv‡óªi me©vZ¥K †Póv Kiv DwPr I mevB‡K my‡hvM myweav †`qv DwPr hv‡Z K‡i †Kvb e¨w³ webvg~‡j¨ D”PZi
wk¶v MÖnY I Ae¨nZ ivL‡Z cv‡i|
aviv 174 - we`¨vjq I wek¦we`¨vj‡qi evB‡i iv‡óªi h‡_ó cwigvY cvVvMvi, cix¶vMvi Ges Ab¨vb¨ wk¶v myweav †`qv
DwPr hv‡Z K‡i †Kvb e¨w³ Áv‡bi wewfbœ †¶‡Î D”PZi wk¶v MÖnY Ki‡Z I Ae¨nZ cv‡i| †hgb: wdK&n, nv`xm,
KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi, wPwKrmv, cÖ‡KŠkj, imvqbwe`¨v BZ¨vw`| Gi gva¨‡g D¤§vni g‡a¨ cÖP~i cwigv‡Y
gyRZvwnw`b, PgrKvi weÁvbx Ges m„wókxj wPšvwe`— ˆZix n‡e|
aviv 175 - wk¶vi †Kvb ¯‡iB— cÖKvkbvi ¯^Ë¡‡K eëmv wnmv‡e MÖnY Kiv hv‡e bv Ges Zv‡K eëmvwqK
D‡Ï‡k¨ eënvi Kiv hv‡e bv| ‡Kvb e¨w³iB, Ggb wK ‡jLK ev cÖKvkK, Kv‡ivB c~Y:gy`ªY ¯^Ë¡vwaKvi (KwcivBU)
mxgve× _vK‡Z cvi‡e bv| Aek¨ hw` eBwU BwZg‡a¨ cÖKvwkZ ev gyw`ªZ n‡q bv _v‡K Z‡e Zv aviYv wnmv‡e
i‡q‡Q Ges †jL‡Ki G aviYv RbM‡Yi wbKU ¯’vbvš‡ii— wewbg‡q m¤§vbx MÖn‡Yi AbygwZ i‡q‡Q wVK †hgb
wZwb wkLv‡bvi wewbg‡q cvwi‡ZvwlK wb‡q _v‡Kb|
ciivóª bxwZ
aviv 176 - ivRbxwZ n‡”Q Avf¨šixY— I ciivóªxq Dfq †¶‡ÎB D¤§vni welqvwì eë¯’vcbv| ivóª Ges D¤§vn Dfq
KZ©K… G `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kiv nq| ivóª G eë¯’vcbv ev¯‡e— cÖ‡qvM K‡i Ges D¤§vn mwVK eë¯’vcbvi e¨vcv‡i
ivóª‡K `vqe× K‡i|
aviv 177 - ‡h‡Kvb e¨w³, `j, †Mvôx A_ev msMV‡bi we‡`kx †Kvb iv‡óªi mv‡_ m¤úK© _vKv m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c
wbwl×| we‡`kx iv‡óªi mv‡_ m¤ú‡K©i welqwU †KejgvÎ iv‡óªi g‡a¨ mxgve×, KviY iv‡óªiB m¤ú~Y©
`vwqZ¡ i‡q‡Q D¤§vni welqvwì cÖwZ j¶¨ ivLv I †`Lv †kvbv Kiv| D¤§vn Ges wewfbœ †Mvôx ivóª‡K ciivóªxq
m¤ú‡K©i wel‡q `vqe× K‡i|
aviv 178 - ‡h †Kvb Dcv‡q j¶¨ AR©b Kiv hv‡e bv, KviY c×wZ (ZwiKv) aviYv (wdKiv) †_‡K D™¢~Z| Kv‡RB
nvivg Dcv‡q IqvwRe (eva¨Zvg~jK) Ges gyevn (AbywgZ) welq¸‡jv AR©b Kiv hv‡e bv| ivR‰bwZK Dcvq
(political means), ivR‰bwZK c×wZi (political method) mv‡_ mvsNwl©K n‡Z cvi‡e bv|
aviv 179 - ciivóªbxwZi †¶‡Î ivR‰bwZK Pvj Avek¨K| G Pv‡ji Kvh©KvwiZv I mdjZv wbf©i K‡i j¶¨ †Mvcb Kiv I
Kvh©Kjvc cÖKvk Kivi gva¨‡g|
aviv 180 - me‡P‡q ¸i“Z¡c~Y© ivR‰bwZK Dcvq n‡”Q Aci iv‡óªi Ab¨vq Aciva †K cÖKvk K‡i †`qv| åvš— bxwZi
Kzdj e¨vL¨v Kiv, ¶wZKi lohš¿ cÖKvk K‡i †`qv Ges cÖZviYvKvix/cÖeÂK e¨w³Z¡‡ì cZb NUv‡bvI GmKj Dcv‡qi
g‡a¨ Ašf©~³|—
aviv 181 - GKwU Ab¨Zg ¸i“Z¡c~Y© ivR‰bwZK †KŠkj n‡”Q e¨w³, RvwZ I iv‡óªi welqvwì †`Lv-†kvbvi †¶‡Î
Bmjvgx wPšvaviYvi— gn‡Ë¡i cÖKvk NUv‡bv|
aviv 182 - The political cause of the Ummah depends on Islam and Bmjvgx iv‡óªi kw³, Bmjvg Gi AvBb Kvbyb I
kvm‡bi mwVK ev¯evqb— Ges gvbeRvwZi cÖwZ Aweivg `vIqvn enb K‡i wb‡q hvIqv|
aviv 183 - Bmjvgx `vIqvn enb Kiv n‡”Q Bmjvgx iv‡óªi g~j A¶ hvi Dci wfwË K‡i ciivóªbxwZ cÖYxZ I weKwkZ
nq Ges GwU n‡”Q g~j wfwË hvi Dci wbf©i K‡i Bmjvgx ivóª I Ab¨vb¨ iv‡óªi m¤úK© M‡o D‡V|
aviv 184 - Ab¨vb¨ iv‡óªi mv‡_ Bmjvgxi iv‡óªi m¤úK© wbf©i K‡i PviwU we‡ePbvi Dci| G¸‡jv n‡”Q:
130
1. eZ©gvb Bmjvgx we‡k¦ ivóª¸‡jv‡K GKwU Awfbœ ivóª wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq, Kv‡RB Zviv ciivóª bxwZi
Aax‡b c‡o bv| Zv‡ì mv‡_ m¤ú‡K©i †¶‡Î ciivó&ª bxwZi ev¯eZv— wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ nq bv, Ges G‡ì HKë×
K‡i GKwU iv‡óª cwiYZ Kivi me©vZ¥K †Póv K‡i †h‡Z n‡e|
2. ‡h mKj ivóª A_©‰bwZK, evwYR¨, ms¯‹wZK… A_ev eÜz‡Z¡i P~w³‡Z P~w³e× Av‡Q Zv‡ì cÖwZ P~w³i
kZ© Abyhvqx eë¯’v MÖnY Kiv n‡e| H mKj iv‡óªi bvMwiK‡ì ïaygvÎ cwiPqcÎ †`wL‡qB Avgv‡ì †`‡k cÖ‡e‡ki
AwaKvi Av‡Q, G‡¶‡Î Zv‡ì cvm‡cv‡U©i cÖ‡qvRb †bB; hw` P~w³‡Z GwU D‡jwLZ _v‡K Ges G k‡Z© †h
Bmjvgx iv‡óªi bvMwiKMYI H iv‡óª Abyiƒc cÖ‡e‡ki AwaKvi iv‡L| H ivóª¸‡jvi mv‡_ A_©‰bwZK I evwYwR¨K
m¤úK© ïaygvÎ wKQy wbw`©ó cY¨ mvgMÖxi gv‡SB mxgve× _vK‡e; Z‡e kZ© _v‡K †h H e¯‘¸‡jv Avgv‡ì Rb¨
GKvš— cÖ‡qvRbxq Ges H mKj ivóª¸‡jv‡K kw³kvjx K‡i bv|
3. ‡h mKj iv‡óªi mv‡_ Avgv‡ì †Kvb P~w³ †bB, Ges Jcwb‡ewkK ivóª, †hgb e„‡Ub, Av‡gwiKv Ges d«vÝ, Ges H
mKj ivóª hviv Avgv‡ì f~LÛ ¸‡jvi Dci `Lj`vwi‡Z¡i AvKvsLv †cvlY K‡i, †hgb ivwkqv BZ¨vw`, H mKj ivóª¸‡jvi
mv‡_ Avgv‡ì m¤úK© m¤¢ve¨ hy×ve¯’v wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e| Zv‡ì wei“‡× m¤¢ve¨ mKj mZK©Zv MÖnY
Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Zv‡ì mv‡_ Avgv‡ì †Kvbiƒc K‚U‰bwZK m¤úK© ¯’vc‡bi AbygwZ †bB| Zv‡ì bvMwiKMY
Avgv‡ì iv‡óª cvm‡cvU© I wfmvi gva¨‡g cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cvi‡e hv cÖwZwU e¨w³i cÖwZwU åg‡Yi Rb¨ mxgve×
_vK‡e|
4. †h mKj ivóª BwZg‡a¨B Avgv‡ì mv‡_ hy×iZ Ae¯’vq Av‡Q, †hgb BmivBj, Zv‡ì mv‡_ hy‡×i cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z
n‡e| Zv‡ì wei“‡× Ggb eë¯’v wb‡Z n‡e †hb Zviv Avgv‡ì mv‡_ cÖKZc‡¶… hy×iZ Ae¯’vq Av‡Q, †mwU
hy×weiwZB †nvK wKsev Ab¨ †Kvb Ae¯’vB †nvK bv †Kb| H mKj iv‡óªi mKj bvMwi‡Ki Avgv‡ì iv‡óª cÖ‡ek
wbwl×|
aviv 185 - mKj †mbv P~w³ Ges mwÜ m¤ú~Yiƒ‡c wbwl×| Gi gv‡S Ašf©~³— ivR‰bwZK P~w³ I mg‡SvZv
‡hLv‡b †mbv NvwU I wegvb‡¶Î avi (lease) ‡`qvi welq msµvš— BZ¨vw`| eÜzZ¡, A_©‰bwZK, evwbwR¨K,
A_©eë¯’vcbv, mvs¯‹wZK… Ges hy×weiwZ P~w³i AbygwZ i‡q‡Q|
aviv 186 - Bmjvgx wfwËi Dci MwVZ bq wKsev A‰bmjvwgK wewaweavb m¤^wjZ †Kvb msMV‡b ‡hvM †`qv
Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Rb¨ m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c wbwl×| Gi gv‡S AvšR©vwZK— msMVb †hgb RvwZmsN, AvšR©vwZK—
wePvwiK Av`vjZ, AvšR©vwZK— g~`ªv Znwej (AvB Gg Gd), wek¦e¨¼ Ges AvÂwjK msMVb †hgb Avie jxM
BZ¨vw` Ašf©~³— hv‡ì mv‡_ Bmjvgx ivóª †Kvbiƒc mswkóZvq hv‡e bv|

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0

kvqL ZvKxDwÏb Avb&-bvevnvbx

Ò†n e¯¿ve„Z! D‡Vv Ges mZK© K‡iv|Ó [myiv Avj-gyÏvwQi: 1-2]

mvnvev‡`i MVb chv©qt

1. ÕAvjx Beb Avey Zvwje ( 8 eQi )

`vIqvZx Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvt

come to know.Ó [myiv wnRit 94-96]

KzivBk `yZ‡`i Lvwj nv‡Z wdwi‡q w`‡jb|

Bmjvgx `vIqv‡Zi Rbms‡hvM chv©qt

wZwb Avµgb Ki‡Zb Zv‡`i hviv gv‡c Kg †`q,

_v‡K Avieevmx‡`i g‡a¨, eû

wk¶v †`b| G chv©‡q wZwb gvbyl‡K

GB Kvh©µg mg¯— g°ve¨vcx `ª“Z Qwo‡q

`vIqvZx Kvh©µ‡gi m¤cÖmvibt

Zvui mvnvex‡`i cÖwZ KzivBk‡`i mwnsmZv Pzovš— AvKvi

AvKvevi cÖ_g kc_t

g`xbvq `vIqvZx Kvh©µgt

Bmjvgx ivóª cÖwZôvt

2. Pzw³c‡Î D‡jwLZ mK‡ji Rb¨ Bqvmwie c~Y¨f~wg wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e|

4. KzivBk Ges Zv‡`i mvnvh¨Kvix‡`i †KvbiKg wbivcËv †`qv n‡e bv|

†_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡q c‡o| cieZ©x‡Z, Zviv `yÕRb

1. Bmjvgx Rxebe¨e¯’v Bmjvgx AvKx`vn ev wek¦v‡mi Dci cÖwZwôZ|

3. Avjvni mš‘wó AR©b KivB G Rxebe¨e¯’vq my‡Li cÖKZ… A_©|

Bû`x Ges Lªxóvb‡`i mv‡_ weZ©Kt

[myiv evKvivnt 136]

wbw`©ó wKQz A_©‰bwZK wel‡q gxgvsmv Kivi Rb¨ cvwV‡q †`b| G

Avj-Ryevwqi Beb ÕAvIIqvg Ges mvÕ` Beb

eby KzivBhv †MvÎ‡K kv‡q¯vt—

¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡iwQ‡jv |

c`‡¶‡ci Rb¨| wZwb(mv.) GUv Lye fvj

cÖwZ‡ekx †`‡k `~Z †cÖiYt

AvjvnZvqvjv myiv mvev-‡Z AviI e‡j‡Qb,

GQvov, AvjvnZvqvjv myiv ZIev‡Z e‡j‡Qb,

wRnv` wd mvwewjjvn| AvjvnZvqvjv cweÎ †KviAv‡b e‡j‡Qb,

ej‡jb,Ò‡Zvgiv GLb gy³, †Zvgiv †h †hLv‡b

K‡i wZwb(mv.) cweÎ †KviAv‡bi bx‡Pi AvqvZwU wZjIqvZ K‡ib,

cjvqbci Ae¯’vi g‡a¨ wZwb(mv.) `„p wP‡Ë AwePj fv‡e

bMix wQj myiw¶Z `~M© m`„k Ges G

Avie DcØxc kvmbt

iv‡óªi kvmb-KZ©Z¡‡KI… ‡g‡b ‡bq|

Bmjvgx iv‡óªi KvVv‡gvt

Bmjvgx iv‡óªi cÖwZ Bû`x‡`i AvPiYt

Avmv ch©š— †hb †m GLv‡b A‡c¶v K‡i|

I w¯’wZkxjZv wbwðZ K‡ib|

Bmjvgx iv‡óªi avivevwnKZvt

Bmjvgx iv‡óªi Avf¨šixb— bxwZgvjvt

wZwb AviI e‡j‡Qb,

Mv¾vjx Zvi ÒAvj gy¯vdv— wd Avj-DmyjÓ eB‡Z

(cy‡ivcywi) MÖnb Ki‡Z I †g‡b Pj‡Z cv‡i|Ó

ÒØx‡bi e¨vcv‡i †Kvb Rei`w¯— †bB|Ó [myiv evKvivnt 256]

kixqvÕn& AvBb †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e|

1. mKj gymwjg bvMwi‡Ki Dci kixqvÕn& AvBb Kvh©Ki Kiv n‡e|

MwVZ †Kvb Av`vjZ (Private Court) MÖnb‡hvM¨ n‡e

Bmjvgx iv‡óªi ciivóªbxwZt

AvjvnZvqvjv AviI e‡j‡Qb,

wZwb AviI e‡j‡Qb,

Ges wZwb AviI e‡j‡Qb,

GQvov wZwb e‡j‡Qb,

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