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    Sabbir Ahmed

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    ____University of Chittagon! Second Vear B, Se. Honours Examination 2019 Subject: Course No.: Chew Time: 3 Hours i Full Marks: 50 { Answer FIVE questions including question no. 1 following the sequence of each question. The figures in the right margin indiesle marks. my] . | Explain the followings: a) Real solutions deviate from ideal behavior. that, b) Entropy of a liquid water is higher than'of ice. tentials are more stable than those c) Systems with lower chemi with higher chemical potentials. int of a liquid is lower above a hill than that of ata d) Boiling point pond ive b) For an ate find out tie change in free energy:in an isothermal ° 1,0 (I), the value of enthalpy change an and d free energy change 2 are re -68.. 32 and -56.69 kcals meee Calculate the value of free energy change’at 30°C: 3, | a). Define efficiency of a heat engine. Detive the relati isotherm. é ie Continued to page 2 jonship of van’t Hoff. Scanned with CamScanner equation fer vapour pressure of a liquid. 5. | a) Explain ideal and non-ideet 5 Give exampies and diagram, 6) What do you mean by thera b) State the third law of thermodynamics. Discuss how the absolute | | : a) State Nerns’t heat theorem. How can you prove this theorem? Way 1344 | entropy of liquids and gases can be determined by applying this lew. | ions with reference to Raoult’s law. ‘oamies of ideal solutions? Explain | different thermodynamic parametérs for such solutions. a) Why and how does vapour pressuce ofa liquid change with | ? Whal is the effect of addition of a nonvolatile solute on |b) What are colligative properties? Derive thé telat of relative 23. | lowering of vapour pressure of a solvent with mole cic st 7. | a) State and cint for 382 dissolving non-volatile solute in ate What is the validity of this =5 law? ~~ y 2 = b) A solution containing 0.356.0 0.35g 6f.an unknown jonwvolatile solute in 40g) 5 | | ci CCl boils at 350.0 K. Calouatethe molecular weight ofthe soli 7 vt The boiling point of CCly is. 350.00K and Ky is 5.03 K kg”. \ Scanned with CamScanner 1. 018 Second Year B.Sc (Hon Subject ~ Chemistry Course Title: Chemical Thermodynamics and Solution Course No.: Chem.-2101 Full marks-30 (Credit: 2) Properties Time- 3 Mrs. [N.B - Answer any five questions including question No. 1. ‘The figures in the right margin indicate marks] Explain the followings: a) Systems with lower chemical potentials are more stable. ) b) A buffer solution always maintains constant pl. c) Entropy is a measure of unavailable energy. ' d) Helmholtz free energy is also termed as work function. ¢) In practice, it is impossible to construct a machine ef 100% efficiency. a) Deduce the efficiency of a reversible engine from carmot’s concept of heat engine. b) Define entropy and tree energy of a process. What are the conditions of spontaneity of a-chemical reaction in terms ort an pr entropy and free energy al constant Llemperat c) Distinguish between rev ‘ersible and irreversible process. Scanned with CamScanner we a) State and explain Nernst heat theorem, b) How the absolute value of entropy can be determined by applying third law of thermodynamics? ! | | | fo | plain thermodynamic probability of a process 4. a) Why does vapor pressure of a liquid decrease with addition of a non-volatile solute in it? What is the Raoult’s law regarding | this? | of such lowering of vapor! b) Describe a method for determinir pressure. a) What is osmotic pressure? What is its origin’ b) Discuss van't Hoft’s law of osmotic pressure, bas i : c) Write down the sign ce of ebullioscopic constant and} ! i eryoscopic constant. . : | i 1 6. Explain the followings: lo sx! : i) Vapor pressure of a liquid increases with increase of | =10 | temperature: i i ! ii) Entropy of a perlectly crystalline substance in zero al) \ i ) i | : OK; | , : : i ions are negligi an ideal j i iii) Intermolecular interactions are 0 gible for an ideal j | solution, _ Scanned with CamScanner iy) Electrolytes have abnormally high value of colligative | i properties ! | ! i ‘ ; ; , : ent i a) What are ideal solutions? Why do seal solutions deviate from’ 4 1 Yation : | i b) Dede ot Hoff reactio: 3 ¢) Deduce oe expression, p= WO RTINP 3 where, the symbols have their usual mea , Page 3 Scanned with CamScanner 2™ Year B, Se. (Honours) Exami Sub: Chemistry Course: Chem-2101 Title: Chemical Thermodynamics & Solution Properties Full marks: $0 || Time: 3 hours cig oy ion, 2017 IN.B. The numbe Answer to question no. H.S margin indicate full marks. is compulsory. Answer _any other four from the of the questions.) (a) ‘The net entropy of the universe is increasing’. Justify the statement. 2 (®) What do you mean by free energy and stahdatd fice energy? 2 (©) Define chemical potential and write down its physical signifi 2 (@)_Equimotar aqueous solutions of glucose and potassium nitrate 2 do not show equal osmotic pressure. Give reasons. (G Molar entropy of vaporization of ice is positive. Explain why. 2 2. (a) What is entropy? 1 @paive the concept of entropy from the 2"! law of thermodynamics, 3 (o) Show that, entropy is a state function. 2 (d) )For an ideai gas, find out the expression for the total change in 4 entropy associated with its simultaneous changes iri pressure and temperature. ~« A ‘ Scanned with CamScanner qe en wee y & Se gue e & 2 3. (a) Define Helmholtz free energy and Gibbs free energy, 2 (b) Show that the decrease in Gibbs free energy equals to the net 4 work done by a system undergoing some reversible change. ¢) Write down the criteria of for reversibility and irreversibility in 4 terms of S, Hand G. 4. (a) State and explain the third law of thermodynamics. : pe Deduce Gibbs-Duhem equation. IF Tresmodyranically show that, (dG/dT)p = - S 3 os oe Define vapour pressure of a liquid. 1 Yr with a suitable diagram explain why and how vapour pressure of = 4 a liquid changes with temperature, (cy What are colligative properties and why are they called so? 2 ye) State and explain the Raoult’s law of lowering of vapour pressure. 3 4 6, (a)_Thermodynamically derive the relation between the elevation of F boiling point, 47; with the molality, » of a solution due to a non- volatile solute. Scanned with CamScanner ‘What are the limitati the above? ‘ un solution containing g of an unknown so. X' dissolved = 4 wv we tse in 40g of CCl, boils ai. perature, which’ i K higher than the boiling point of pure CCl,. Calculate :!... u.olecular weight of the solute. (Given, K, = 5.03 K kg mol''). 7. (a) Explain ideal and non-ideal solutions with reference to Raoult’s law. 3 (b) Give examples and draw schematic diagrams for the above types 3 of solutions. (©) Write down the thermodynamic criteria for ideal solutions. 4 Scanned with CamScanner a Second Year B. Se. Honours Examination 2016 Department of Chemistry University of Chittagong Course Code: Chem.-201 Course Title: Physical Chemistry II Full Marks 100 Credit- 4 Time 4 hours [Answer any five questions. The figures in the right margin indicate full marks] jean by the terms i) ~ Entropy, ii) Spontaneous processes, iii) Gibbs free energy, iv) Standard entropy. A) Derive the van’t Hoff equation. QProve that, i) &,- S, ii) oy, =v @) Four moles of an ideal gas expand isothermally from | litre to 10 litres at 300°K. Calculate the change in free energy of the gas. (R= 8.3145K"'mol). 2, a) Whit are colligative properties? What kind of solution shows these properties? b) Why does vapor pressure of a liquid decrease with addition ofa non- ae +=! volatile solute in it? What is the Raoult’s law regarding this? ¢) Describe a method for determination of such lowering of vapor 5 pressure. . Continued to page 2 Scanned with CamScanner a Raoult’s law lor “asi r Explain the validity of this law. e) What will be the vapor pressure exerted by anaquey olution containing 0.5 mole ofa substance in 1000 gm of water at «. vapor pressure of water at working temperature is 17.57 mmHg? ¢ ’ tie 3. g¥Explain the following terms: 3 4) Phase; ii) Component; iii) Degrees of freedom; iv) Phase diagram. | AT Calculate degrees of freedom for the following systems: 1 #) water-water vapor system; if) A liquid-liquid miscible system; | iii) A mixture of oil and water; iv) A mix @ What is triple point? Showing phase diagram of water, clearly explain what happens at different region of it. fe aig . | d) What is critical solution temperature? Explain with a suitable example 5 and diagram, a) What is osmotic pressure? What is the origin of it? Explain with diagram. b) Discuss van’t Hoff’s law of osmotic pressure. c) Show the thermodynamic derivation of Raoult’s law of elevation of boiling point. ‘ 4d) What will happen if you inject, in human body, saline of i) higher concentration or ii) lower concentration than of its normal concentration in blood. #y Define buffer solution and buffer capacity. Write down the Henderson- Hasselbalch equation and show how you can use this equation to know Ka of an acid. of two gases, the Lg digeram. | [| para be naa) | 4-10) Continued to page 3 Scanned with CamScanner Wf How would you choose iniicator for acid-base titration? Explain with “| 3 example, | gf How can you prove that, for a weak electrolyte, the degree of to eo . ja dissociation is inversely proportional to the square root of the initial molar | i concentration? | @Cateulate the pH of 0.1 MCHsCOOH. The dissociation constant of | 5 | acetic weld is 1.8810, “| -6ByState and explain the second law of fhermodynamics. | 43 ‘ #) Discuss the criteria of spontaneity ofa chemical reaction. ey What do you mean by partial molar properties? Calculate the free energy change in isothermal process for an ideal gas. #) Explain-“The net entropy of the universe tends to increase”. 3 | Re What do you mean by partly miscible and completely miscible liquid pairs? Explain with example. 4 b) Draw and explain a vapor-pressure-composition diagram fora F | solution which has small positive deviation from Raoult’s law. ¢) Considering (i) small positive and (ii) small negative deviation of the solution from Raoult’s law discuss the separation of the components ; from the solution using temperature-composition diagram. d) Write down the significance of ebulloscopic constant and cryoscopic 4 constant. a Continued to page 4 Scanned with CamScanner 8, Write short notes on (any four) i) Gibbs-Duhem equation; ii) Clausius-Clapeyron equation; 4u#y Ideal and non-ideal solutions; 4s Nernst heat theorem; Theory of indicators; vi) Gibbs-Helmoltz equation | ' =20 | | Scanned with CamScanner © Second Year B. Sc. (Honours) Examination, 2015 University of Chittagong Subject: CHEMISTRY Course No.: Chem.-201 Title of the paper: Physical Chemistry-II Full Marks: 100, Credit: 4. Time: 4 hours [Answer any FIVE questions..The. figures in the right margin indicate full marks.] 1(a) What do you mean by the following terms? (i) Work function; (ii) Probability; (iii) Free energy; (iv) ‘Enihalpy. : (b) Derive the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. (©) Show that the decrease in Gibbs free energy equals to th net work done by a system undergoing some reversible change. \ fs (d) Calculate the’ “Entropy change-when two moles of nitrogen _are heated fom 27 °C to 127 °C at constant pressure. . Poget of 5 Scanned with CamScanner 2(a) Draw the phase di , am of water and explain it.+ (b) Define critics: solution, temperature, Draw and eel the phase Siagram of phenol-water «stem. (ce) Deduce the Konowaloff's equation, Discuss its * importance. 3fa} Define the following with examples: (i) Ionization of water; Gi) pH and _: (iii) pH scale. - (b) How can you measure pH by using a glass electrode? » (c) What are indicators? Classify different types ‘of indicators. @ Explain, with two examples, how indicators work. Scanned with CamScanner [ 4(a) What do you mean by vapour pressure of a liquid? Show and explain ‘the graphical relationship of it with i temperature, : {b) Show graphically and explain the change of boiling point and freezing point of a solvent due to the addition ofa non-volatile solute in it. {) State and explain: the Raoult’s law regarding such changes in boiling point and freezing point of liquid. relationship between the molality of a solution with elevation of boiling: point for the non-volatile non- electrolyte solute. 5. Explain the followings: G) Entropy is a state function; (ii) ‘Fora spontaneous reaction AGrp< 0; (ii) Entropy ‘of a perfectly crystalline substance is (d) From vapour Pressure-temperature curve derive the |. zero at 0-°K; (243) =F; Poge 3 of Scanned with CamScanner tiv) Addition of a small ani f acid or base sannol change the pH of b solution, 6(a) State and exp!*"> thy second law of thermodynarszics hore. | (b) Deduce the van’v sn... | {c) What do you mean by partial molar free energy? | i Deduce the Gibbs-Duhem equation. | | (d) An engine operating between 150 °C and 25 °C takes | | 509 J heat from. high temperature reservoir. Assurcing F exe! that there are-no fractional losses, calculate the w | that can be Gone by this engine. | [ have | 7{a) What are colligative properties? Why clectrolytes abnormally high values of colligative properties? | 7 I I Justify your answer. i | | (b) How is the molecular mass of a solute. determined from elevation of boiling point? © = | Scanned with CamScanner 7(c) Explain giving reasons:- (i) Equimolar solutions of sucrose and NaC! in water are not isotonic; (ii) The freezing point of a solution “is lower than that of the solvent. (d) 0.44 Gram of an unknown substance dissolved in 22.2 gm of C,Hg is found to lower the freezing point of CgHg by 0.567 °C. Calculate the molar mass of the substance. ( Given that Kr= 5.12 °Cmol”') Ee. F (Sx) 8. Write short notes on any FOUR of the following: (i) Ostwald dilution law; (ii) Derivation of phase rule; (iii) Entropy and probability; . (iv) Eutectic point; — (v) Osmosis and osmotic pressure; (vi) Choice of indicator in acid-base titration. (62) 2=20 Scanned with CamScanner Second Year B.Sc. (HLouors) Examination 20) ae Subject: Chemistry Course Title « Physical Chemistry I Course No.- Chem. 204 Full Marks: 100 Times'4 hours [Answer any Five questions. The figures in the tight margin indicate full marks] ty. (a) State and explain Nernst Heat thecrem. Why dees it apply “TSK only to solid? (b) State third law of thermodynamics, Discuss how the absolute | % value of entropy can be determined by applying this law. (c) Define thermodynamic probability. Derive the expression, 7 S=klnw. 2. |(a) Explain the following terms with example: i) Entropy and free energy, i 5) ii) Partial molar quantities ond chemical potential. 5 (b) Derive the entropy change in reversible and tnsversil systems at constant temperature, t (cy Discuss thermodynamic criteria of reversibility, spontaneity 5 and equilibrium in terms of entropy change, d) What do you mean by efficiency of a heat engine? Find the § efficiency of a heat engine which works between 100°C and 0°C? I Tae Continued to page 2 Scanned with CamScanner fundamental and why? State and explain Raoult’s iaw of lowering of vapour pressure. (b) With the help of appropriate vapor pressure- terap: Tatu. diagram explain why solution boil always wt highes temperat (c) Distinguish between diffusion and osmosis. State the vant Hoif's !aws of osmotic pressure sid show how equaiion is similar to ideal gas equation. (d) Calculate the osmotic pressure of ghicuse solution containing 2.5 g in 100 g of walter 4. | (a) Derive thermodynamically the relationship between elevatior | of boiling point and molecular weight of a non-volatife solute. i Whai rant ky? s the significance of the ebuiloscopi | | (b) Describe the experimental method for determixatic | | relative lowering of vapour pressure. i i i (c) Define critical solution temperature anc illustrate the pl | diagram phenol-water system and explain how the CS of the | “A ‘ system is affected by the impurities. (a) What are indicators? Explain why phenolphthalein is a | good indicator for detecting the end point in the titration ofa | weak acid with a strong base. | (b) Discuss the Ostwald theory of indicators. | 5 Continued to page 3 Lt — Scanned with CamScanner Fractional distillation , , Write skort notes( any four): Clausius — Claypeyron eqation, Carnot cycle, Henry’s law, Tdeal and non-ideal solution. N = | acta yen ni Bee Scanned with CamScanner Second Year B, Sc. (Honours) Examination, 2013 Department of Chemistry Subject: Chemistry : Course Title: Physical Chemistry-I Course No: Chem- 201 Total Marks: 100 Time: 4 Hours [Answer any five from the following questions. Figures in the margin indicate full marks.) Y~ a) Define with examples extensive and intensive properties. 3+4 Classify the following into extensive and intensive properties: enthalpy, refractive, index, partial motar volume, cherajcal potential, vapour pressure, heat capacity, vistosity and dipole moment. a b) Describe a method for determining the partial molar volume of 6 a.component of binary mixture of liquids. c) Derive the following forms of Gibbs-Helmholtz equation: 2st - _ e oS, . 5 [222] =e sin «| or oy 2. a) Define Gibb’s free energy. and work function, Derive the 3+3 ‘ relationship between free energy with available work. Discuss +2 their cances as thermodynamic functions. , x b) Establish a relationship-between entropy and thermodynamic 7 probability. : Page 1/4 = @ . s

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