Mohamed Shehata (117)

Landscape Architecture
Landscape: is the visible features of an area of land, its landforms, and how they integrate
with natural or man-made features. A landscape includes the physical elements
of geophysically defined landforms such as (ice-capped) mountains, hills, water bodies such
as rivers, lakes, ponds and the sea, living elements of land cover including
indigenous vegetation, human elements including different forms of land use, buildings,
and structures, and transitory elements such as lighting and weather conditions

Cityscape: is an artistic representation, such as a painting, drawing, print or photograph,

of the physical aspects of a city or urban area. It is the urban equivalent of a landscape.

Hardscape: refers to hard landscape materials in the built environment structures that
are incorporated into a landscape. This can include paved areas, driveways, retaining
walls, sleeper walls, stairs, walkways, and any other landscaping made up of hard wearing
materials such as wood, stone, and concrete.

Softscape: refers to the live horticultural elements of a landscape. Softscaping can include
flowers, plants, shrubs, trees, flower beds, and duties like weed/nuisance management,
grading, planting, mowing, trimming, aerating, spraying, and digging for everything from
plants and shrubs to flower beds. Wheel barrows and manual tools like rakes, shovels, picks,
and gas power tools are commonly used.

Landscape Architecture: is the field in which we study designing

landscape(outdoor areas) with some elements as a hardscape elements as
(stairs – sidewalks-chairs-etc..) and softscape elements as (trees – grass –
bushes-etc..)

Landscape - Wikipedia

Cityscape - Wikipedia

Hardscape - Wikipedia

Softscape - Wikipedia