UAS REPORT WRITING

FARHAN HUSEIN
071001900112

SOAL 1
3. Oil works cannot extract all of the oil in place in a reservoir. The recovery factor is the
fraction of petroleum that they can collect. The fraction is also called a reserve. Oil
workers measure reserves in several different ways.
1. In the volumetric method, engineers measure the reservoir’s dimensions. They figure
in the properties of liquid and rock in the reservoir. This gives them the amount of OIP.
Next, they estimate the recovery factor.
2. They figure in assumptions from other reservoirs. Finally, they multiply the recovery
factor by the quality of oi in place. The result is a reserve number. There is a lot of
diversity in the kind of liquid in reserve number. Therefore, recovery factors are different
at all reservoir.
5. The second process is the materials balance method. Engineers utilize a specific
equation. The equation computes amounts of produced fluid and changes in the
reservoirs pressure. This give them the amount of oil left.
4. The production decline curve method is the final method. Engineers rely on
production data. With it, they measure the decline in oil production over a few years.
Then, they graph the numbers. After that, they estimate oil production and reserve
growth. They can also speculate about a production trend that is statistically significant.
SOAL 2
1.(b)sharply
2.(b)indicators
3.(d)indices
4.(c)skied
5.(b)unveil
6.(c)fared
7.(c)in
8.(c)continues
9.(a)skyrocketed
10.bonus
SOAL 3
Branches Of Petroleum Engineering
During the evolution of petroleum engineering, a number of areas of
specialization developed: drilling engineering, production engineering and
surface facilities engineering, reservoir engineering, and petrophysical
engineering. Within these four areas are subsets of specialization engineers,
including some from other disciplines—such as mechanical, civil, electrical,
geological, geophysical, and chemical engineering. The unique role of the
petroleum engineer is to integrate all the specializations into an efficient system
of oil and gas drilling, production, and processing.
First, Drilling engineering. Drilling engineering was among the first
applications of technology to oil field practices. The drilling engineer is
responsible for the design of the earth-penetration techniques, the selection of
casing and safety equipment, and, often, the direction of the operations. These
functions involve understanding the nature of the rocks to be penetrated, the
stresses in these rocks, and the techniques available to drill into and control the
underground reservoirs. Because drilling involves organizing a vast array of
service companies, machinery, and materials, investing huge funds, working with
local governments and communities, and acknowledging the safety and welfare
of the general public, the engineer must develop the skills of supervision,
management, and negotiation.
Then, Production engineering. The work of production engineers
and surface facilities engineers begins upon completion of the well—directing the
selection of producing intervals and making arrangements for various
accessories, controls, and equipment. Later the work of these engineers involves
controlling and measuring the produced fluids (oil, gas, and water), designing
and installing gathering and storage systems, and delivering the raw products
(gas and oil) to pipeline companies and other transportation agents. These
engineers are also involved in such matters as corrosion prevention, well
performance, and formation treatments to stimulate production. As in all
branches of petroleum engineering, production engineers and surface facilities
engineers cannot view the in-hole or surface processing problems in isolation but
must fit solutions into the complete reservoir, well, and surface system, and thus
they must collaborate with both the drilling and reservoir engineers.
After that, Reservoir engineering. Reservoir engineers are concerned with
the physics of oil and gas distribution and their flow through porous rocks—the
various hydrodynamic, thermodynamic, gravitational, and other forces involved in
the rock-fluid system. They are responsible for analyzing the rock-fluid system,
establishing efficient well-drainage patterns, forecasting the performance of the
oil or gas reservoir, and introducing methods for maximum efficient production.
Finally, Petrophysical engineering. To understand the reservoir rock-fluid
system, the drilling, production, and reservoir engineers are helped by the
petrophysical, or formation-evaluation, engineer, who provides tools
and analytical techniques for determining rock and fluid characteristics. The
petrophysical engineer measures the acoustic, radioactive, and electrical
properties of the rock-fluid system and takes samples of the rocks and well fluids
to determine porosity, permeability, and fluid content in the reservoir.