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TH E TW O F I R S T B O O K S
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E n l x ta v er n anti s F av o n i
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b k Q ' r
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to n n eét th e Part s , and pr efe n t
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‘

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fev er a l F ait e s o f Nat ure , fr om

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1111 1 10 1 1 11 ; thr o u gho u t a ll th e

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Sci e n ces ; a n d ti s fu i table to th e
’

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to fa v ou r a n d r om o te wh a tfo
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fa m e i n S u b fia n ce wi th th e L a tin, t h o ug h, I“
c o n fe fs , tis n o t T
,

o pr o p e rly a T r an fl ati o n , as a
’
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n e w C o m po fiti o n u p o n th e fam e Gr ou n d , t h e r e
'

b e i n g fe v er al additi o n al C h apt e rs i n it, an d R:

v er al n e w m o u lde d -
.

As e v e ry S ci e n c e r e q u ir es a p e c u li ar G e n i u s ,
.

fo l i k e w i fe t h e r e is a G en i u s p e cu li arl y i m p r o i
er fo r e v e ry o n e : A n d as t o Ph i l o fo p h y, w h ic h
p
is th e Co n te m plati on o f th e Wo rks o f N at u r e,
'

a n d t h e Pr o vi den ce th at g o v e r n s th e m , t h e r e
‘

i s n o Te m p e r o r G en i u s , i n m y Mi n d , (0 i m
pr o p e r fo r it, as t h at w h i c h w e c al l a mea n -

a n d n a r r ow S i r i t ; a n d w h ic h th e Gr eeks c al l
p
L i ttlenefi of S ou l Th is 1 3 a D efect i n th e firlt
.

Mak e o f fo m e Mens Mi n ds, w h ic h can fear ee

e v e r b e c o r r eéte d aft e r wa rds , e it h er by L e arn
l fi

i n g o r Ao A n d as S o u ls t h at a r e m ad e
'

g e .

l itt le a n d i n c ap aci o u s c an n o t e n la rg e t h e i r ,

Th ou gh t s to t ak e i n a ny gr e at C o m p afs o f
Ti m es o r Th i ng s ; fo w h at i s b ey o n d t h e i r
‘

C o m p a fs, o r a b o v e th e ir R e ac h , t h e y ar e apt
to l oo k u p o n as fan t afri c al, o r at l ealt w o u l d
’ ’

w i lli n g ly h av e it p afs fo r fu ch i n th e o rl d W .

No w a s t h er e is n o t h i n g fo gr eat, fo l arg e, (0
i m m en fe, as th e Wo rk s o f N at u r e, an d th e
Met h o ds o f Pr o vid e n c e , Men o f t h is C o m ,
‘

p l e xi o n m u lt n ee ds b e v ery u n fit fo r th e C o n
’

t em p l ati o n o f t h em Wh o w o u ld fer a pu r
.

bli n d Man at the To p o f th e Mall to di fco ve r

L an d O r u p o n an h igh To w e r to dr aw a
L a n dskip o f th e C o u n try r o u n d a bo ut ? F o r
t h e fam e R e a fo n , {h o n l i g h t e d Mi n ds a r e u h
,
-

fi t to m ak e Ph i lofoph er s, wh ofe proper Bu fi ‘

 T
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.

n ef s it is to de fc r i b e i n c o m pr e
di fco v e r an d

h en li ve Th e o r i e s t h e T
b aenomem o f th e
W o rld , and th e G au re s o f t h e m 1 .

”
Th is O rigi n al D i fe afe o f th e Mi n d i s ( e ldo m

c u r d by L e ar n i n g, wh ic h c u r e s m an y o th e rs ;
.

l ik e a F au lt i n t h e fir lt 19 2227222 7222 of th e B o dy ,
‘

i t c an n o t e afily b e r e Cti fied aft e r w ards Ti s .

’

a g r e a t Mi fia k e t o t h i n k t h at e v e r y for t o f
’

L ea rn i n g m a k es a Man a c o m p et e n t J u dge o f
Nat u ra l Sp e c u l at i on s We fee u n h app y E x
.

am p l e s to th e co n tr ary a mon g fi th e C hriiti an ’

‘

F ath er s , a nd p artic u larl y i n St wh o .

w as u n q u efii o n a b ly a Man o f P arts a n d L e ar n

i ng ; b u t i nt e r po fing i n a C o n tr o v er fy h er e w
h i s Tal e n t did no t l i e , fh ew d h is Z e a l ag ai n i t ’
’

t he 4 721 22044 25 to v e ry ill p u r po fe , t h o u g h h e

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dr ew h i s R ea fon s part ly fr o m Script u r e A nd .

i f w it h i n a fe w Y e ars , o r i n th e n e xt G e ne r a
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fi r ab le, t h at th e E a r th i s Mov d, as it i s n ow,

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t h at t he re ; ar e { 1 7224004 611 5 th o fe t h at h aVe b e e n

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fl i n w o u l d h a v e n o w, i f he Was ali ve T i s .
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a d an g e r o u s t h i n g t o e n g ag e th e Au t h o r ity o f

S cript u r e 1 11 D i fp u tes ab o u t {h e N at u r al o rl d, W
in O fi t i R f l eft T i m e , wh ic h
pp o o n t o e a on ,

bri n gs all Th i n og s to L i g ht , lho u ld di fcove r t h at '

to b e e v i de n tly fai fe w h ic h We h a d m a d e S cri p

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i s E xpo fi ti on u p o n G ene/ 1 3 mm laid dow n a

Ru le to th is v ery p u r po fe, t h ou g h h e h ad th e
a a . U n h ap o
 The
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h i m fe l f Th e R e afo n a l fo , w h ic h h e giv e s
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t h e re fo r h is R u l e , is v e ry g o o d an d fu b fian
ti al : Fo r fait h h e if th e Unhe/i ev er s or Thi
,

lofop h er r flan/1 eer to i n /j k now 221 to he miji ohen,

a n d to er r i n th o e th i n s th a t concer n th e N o
f g
i nr o l hVor lo , a nd/ or th a t w e ti g er/g o ou r (
’
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)
,

B ook s f or [o oh v ni n Op i ni on s , h ow flyo/I th ey
‘

he/i ev e th ofe f a me B oohs w h en th ey tell th em

f th e R E S U R R E C TI O N o
f h fl d
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o e oo ,

a nd th e hVor lo to come, i e find t h em to he

’
f ]
t h
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f jh fi t t h t h i n
g
t h ei r cer ta i n K now led e
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We ar e n o t to fu pp o fe t h at an y Tr u t h c o n
c ern i n g th e N atu ral Wo rld c an b e an E n em y
.

t o R e ligi o n s fo r T
'

r u t h c an n o t b e a n E n em y
to T r u t h , G o d is n o t divid e d ag ai n ft h i m
,

fclf ; an d t h e r efo r e w e o u g h t n o t u p o n t h at ,

A cc o u n t to co n d em n o r ce n fu r e w h at w e h av e
n o r e x a m i n d o r c an n o t di f r o v e ; as t ho fe,
’

p ,

t h at ar e o f t h is n arr o w Spirit w e ar e {p e aki n g ‘

o f, a r e v e ry a t to do L t v e ry t h i n g b e
p e e .

tr y d a n d e x am i n d 1 n the fir fi Pl ac e, w h e th e r
’ ’

i t b e; T
r u e o r F o l e ; a n d i f i t b e f o u n d fa l fe,
fi
'

tis t h en to b e c o n fider d, w h e th er it b e fu ch a ’ '

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G en ad li t c 1 9 Pler u m u c a c ci di t u t ali u i d dc
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Terr a, de Coelo , de i caater i s h uju s m u nd1 clem‘ en ti s , (y e Cum

,
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u e n u a m C h r i fi iaho r u m i n e d r e a m o ti m é n 6r u fl f, c r
’

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tu or u m , 8c fp e v i m aEte n e r eg n o q u e coelo r u
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r a u an do de h i s r e
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1 ,
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F al h ty as i s p r eju di ci al to R e li g i on o r n o Bu t
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fo r e v e ry n e w Th eo ry t h a t i s p r o p o s d, to b e
’

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p .

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i n v e n t e d, sand firfi '

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t h e Sc arcity o f Mo n e y i n h i s K i ng do m nw o u ld
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D o m i n i o n s b ut w h at h ad h i s o w n St am p an d
’
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f f ll f f S pply l o o k s v er y
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a n o t h e r G e n i u s a n dfl i fp ofitib n i n Me n i w h i c h
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.

o ft e n mak e s t h e m i m rri é r fo r Ph i lo fo h i cal

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p p p » .

C o n t e m pl ati on s no t (0 int uc h ; it m ay b e, fr om i

t h e N a r r o w n e fs o f t h e 1 r S pirit a n d U n d e r h a n d

i ng , as b ec au fe th e y w ill :n o t t ak e Ti m e to ex .

t e n d i th e m : ;I m e an Me n o f:
. i t an d P arts , W
b ut of fh or t Th o ug h ts m n d l i ttle Medi tati on ,

and
 T
b TR e E F fl C EJ
an d t h at ar e apt to di fir ufi e v e ry Th i n g fo r a
F an cy o r Ei fi i o n t hat is n o t th e Di ctat e o f
S en fe o r m ad e o m i m m e di at e ly to t h e ir S en
,

fe s Me n o f t h is H u m o u r an d C h ar aéter call
.

fu ch Th eo ri e s as th e fe ph i lo fo ph i ck R o m an c e s ,

a nd t h i n k t h e m fe lv e s w itty i n t h e Ex pr e fl i o n
t h e y a l lo w t h e m to b e pr e tty Am u fe m e n ts o f

t h e Mi n d b u t w i th o u t T
, r u t h o r R e ality I .

a m afr aid i f an An g e l lh o u ld w rit e t h e T h eo ry

o f th e E ar th th e y w o u ld p afs t h e fam e u dg ;
l
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d
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m en t u po n it ; w h e r e t h e r e is V ari ety o f P arts

i n a du e C o n t ext u r e w it h fo m e th i n g o f fur 4 ,

pri z i n g Aptn e fs i n th e H ar m o n y an d C o rr e a

{p o n de n c y o f t h e m t h is t h ey c all a R o m an c e ;
e

b u t fu ch R o m an c es m u lt all Th eo ri e s o f Nal
tu r e a n d o f Pr o vid e n c e b e an d m u fi h av e e v e ry ,

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b e w e l l r e p re fe n ted - Th e r e is i n t h e m as I : ,
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'

di feo v er t h e m b e i n g m ad e a lr e ady by th e gr ea t
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-

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,

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,
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e no u g h to o b fe rv e t h at w h en w e m ak e J u dg
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,

o
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an d Pr ej u dic es th ey ar e m ade r at h e r fro m th e

‘

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fro m R eafo n ; a nd t h er efo r e i f w e w o u ld n ei

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m ak e s fu c h O bj e cti o n s ag ai nfi a n f i oz b efir - ‘

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,

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.

t h at an y t h i n g w e h av e (aid h er e {h o u ld b e u n
d er fl o o d i n an o t h e r S en fe .

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, ,

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th o fe t h at ar e n o W
e ll wi t h e rs to ( a cr ed Hi lto

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eét fair U fag e an d A c ce pt an c e w it h all th a t

’

p
ar e w e ll di fp os d
’

and it w ill al fo b e, t h i n k, I
a gr e at S atis fac ti o n to t h em to fe e th o fe Pi e c es
o f m o fi a n ci e n t Hi fio r , w h ic h h v b
y a e e en

c h i efly pr efer v d i n Script u r e , co n fir m d a n ew,

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a n d by an o t h e r L ig h t , t h at o f N at u r e an d Ph i

lo fo ph y an d alfo fr e e d fro m th o fe Mi fco n cep g

ti o n s o r Mi fr epr e fe n tati o n s , wh ic h m ad e t h em
fit u n e afie u p o n t h e Spirits e v en of th e b elt
Men th at t o o k Ti m e to t h i n k L afigy, In .

th i ng s u rely fp ecu lati ve , as th efe ar e, an d n o

p
a 4 Ing res
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R E F ACE
f - ‘

Ingr edi e n ts o f o u r f a ith it is fr e e to di ffe r fr o m

,

o n e a n o t h e r i n o u r Op i n i o n s an d S en ti m e n t s ;

a n d fo I
re m e m b er St 4 14 1 772 h at h o b fer v (1 u p
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a s w e de fir e to O giv e n o O ffe n c eo u r (e l ves, fo

it h e r {h all we t ake a n y at t h e Di ffe r en ce o f
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ne
J udg m e nt 1 11 o t h ers pr o vid e d th is L ib erty b e
mu t u al a n d t h at w e a ll agr ee to fiu d y 7 m m
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ki ll E v afions concer ni n th e F lood fw er d 3

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g an

r Th at th er e w a s no Cr eat i on o ,
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.
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t r ue A cconnt a nd E xp li cati on of i t Th e .

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h t th a e E a r th a nd Ma nki nd h ad a n Or ig i nal ,

a nd w er e E ter ni ty p r ow d
’

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fr om th e
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fl a th or i ty , a nd fl ow the Natnr e a nd F or m
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w t e ar t as

4 7

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h / e econd Tr op o/iti on i s l
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Th e F ac e o f hih o E ar tli b éfi r e th e D elu g e
w as (m o o t h , r e g u lar and u n i fo r m ; w n h o u t
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x xv u .

a nd/i nto th i ng s i n th e fa cr ed Wr i ti ng s
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T he .

a nd Geometr y i n th e Con fi r m .

E ar th i s oh i r v d a nd cele
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f h eRni ns
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.
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r
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c HA P . v nr .

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a n ex tr a or di na P ag e
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. 1
C H A P . IX .

Th f e econa
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,

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f a me eory f r fieéts a nd th e
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r e en t
F or m f o the F i E
r/t, hj a
g en er a l Sch eme

h h e i n th i s Glohe a n d
f fi
o w h a t i s jno r e ma r-
a l ,

t h en h] a mom p a r ti cu la r Indu ti i on 5 beg i n

n i n w i th a n A ccoun t o h
ff er r a neous Ca v i
‘

g u t
ti es a nd fuhtpr r a neous Wa ter s 14 6 .

. C H A P . . X

Concerni ng the Ch a nnel the Sea a nd th e Or i

na l o i t o i ts i r r e ula r
g i f f g .

a nd u ne u a l fl ep th s e Or i i na l
q f f
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ds , th ei r Si tua ti on a nd oth er fPr o
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or ti es
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7 0
C H A P . XI .

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the fil ounta i ns e E a r th , th ei r
G r ea tnej} a n d i r r eg u la r
ti on, Ca ufes a nd Or ig i n .

-
C H A P . XII .

R ev iew of w h a t h ath heen a lr ea dy tr ea t

wh a t ma nner f i ll Meth ods , w h e
i n( .

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g concer ni n th e oth er Tlanet r ,

t h ei r Na tu r a l F or m a nd :S ta te compa r a w i th
’ ’

eci a ll concer ni n J u pit er a nd S at u r n

our s ; efi ] g .

P ag e 20 6

Thé SE
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r om wh a t i t w a s i n th e T
.

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,
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th r ee Ch a r a i ter s of Par adi fe, a nd th e G olden

Ag e f ennel i n t/r e Te nni s/e E n th d eer:
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ti t ul ar Egqgli ta ti on of path
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C H A P .
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C O N
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TE N TS : .
’

A fDig r ifl ion con cer ni ng th e Na tur a l Ca ujé s of

L ong e v i ty . Th a t th e Ma ch i ne of a n Ani a

ma l confi/i s of Sp r i ng s a nd w h i ch a r e thetwo
,

r i ncipa l Th e A e o th e A ntedi lu v i a ns to he
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com u ted hr S o l ar, not L u n ar l i a r s “

p ,
2 77

C HA P . v .

Concer ni ng the Wa ters of the

‘

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Wh a t th e the R

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A Recollei i i hnhnd Revi ewaf wha t h a th heen

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[ai d concer ni n
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r i mi ti v e E a r th w i th a
’

m or e f ull S u r v ey of t he State of th e F i rft

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l Vor ld N a tural a nd Ci v i l, and th e Comp a r i

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,

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on p e 3 29 .

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.

vn .
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xx i x

wa s concer ni ng i t, a s to th e yew s a nd Hea

th ens , a nd efpeci a llj a s to the Ch r ifli a n F a th er s
. .

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th S outher n Hemifp h er e Pag e 3 4 5

C H A P . V II I .

Th e Uji s ’
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'

the fAnci ents i n ;

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Am e ric ow Par adi fe
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A g enera l Oh eti i on ag a i nfl
Tha t if t ere ha d heen
Eart h a s w e
p r etend th e
The
,

ha v e fou nded thr oug h ou t a ll A nti qui t .

E afier n a nd Wefier n L ea r ni ng confider d, th e

’

mo/i confider a hle R ecor ds of hoth a r e loh ,

w h at F ootjtcp s r ema i n r ela ti ng to th i s Suh

jei l . T h e
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i g
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’

con e ow e t
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a nd w h a t Notes or T
, ,

r a di ti ons r emai n L a/t .

to i t . now

R ecap i tulati on an d
3 79

C H A P ,‘
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N TE N T S
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c 11 A P . XI
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C o n c er n i n g N ARI U R A L P R ov 1
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n i: ri c e .

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r Tr o
.

Sev er a l Incr oa chments na tu a l

l

a tr u e .
R ep r efe
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un

r ov i den

mai ns .
 Th Theory f E A R TH th e
‘

z e o .

h ad al ways m e t h o u g h t a p artic u l ar C u r i o fi ty
'

, ,

t o lo o k b ack i n t o t h e S o u rc es an d O R I G I

N A L Of T h i ngs ; a n d to V i e w i n m y Mi n d (0 ,

far as I w as abl e th e B egi n n i n g a n d Pr og r efs

,

Of a R I S I N G W O R L D .

A N D a ft e r fo m e E ffays o f t h is N at u r e an d ,

as I th o u g h t, n o t u n fu c c e fs fu l, I c arr i ed on my
E n q u iri e s fu r th e1 , to try w h et h e r t h is R i/ing
hVor ld, w h en fo r m d a n d fin i ih d, w o u l d c o n
’ ’

ti n n e al w ays th e fam e ; i n th e fam e F o rm , Str u e

t u r e, a n d C o n fifien cy ; o r w h at C h an g e s it
w o u ld fu c c e fii v e l y u n d e rg o , by th e c o n ti n u e d
Aé ti o n o f th e fam e C au fe s t h at fir fi p r o du c d
’ ’

it ; an d, l afily, w h at w o u ld b e its fin al P eri o d

a n d C o n fu m m ati on Th is w h o l e S e ri e s an d
.

C o m pafs o f Th i n gs t ak en t o g e t h e r , I c al l d a
,

C OU R SE O F N A U R T
, or, a S S M E Y TE
O F T
NA URAL PRO I C ; V DEN E
and

t h o u g h t t h e r e w as n ot h i n g b e l o n gi n g to th e
e xt e r nal Wo rld m o r e fit o r m o r e w o rt h y o u r
,

St u dy an d Me dit ati o n n or an y t h i n g t h at
,

w o u ld c o n du c e m o r e to difc o v er th e Ways O f
Divi n e Pr o vid en c e an d to fh ew u s th e G ro u n ds
,

o f all tr u e K n o w l e dg e c o n c e r n i n g N at u r e .

A n d t h e r e fo r e to cl ea r Up th e fe v er al P arts Of
,

t h is Th eo ry I w as w i l li n g t o l ay afide a gr ea t
,

m an y o t h er Sp e c u l ati o n s an d a ll th o fe dry ,

S u btilti e s w ith w h ic h th e Sch o o ls an d the

B o o ks o f Ph i lo fo ph er s ar e u fu ally fill d ’

B U T wh e n w e lp e ak O f a R if ng ”f or /d an d ,

t h e C o n t e m pl ati o n O f 1 t w e do n o t m e an t h is ,

o f th e Gr ea t Uni v er/e fo r w ho c an de fc r i b e
t h e O rigi n al o f t h at v afi Fr am e ? Bu t we { e a k
p
 Th fi elug e and fl ifi hi ti on of thefl ar th
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e g
. .
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O f t he Su hlu nary fVor ld, th is E arth y »a n d its
D ep e n den ci es w h ic h r o l e o ut Of a C h ao s a b ou t
,

S ix Th ou l an d Years ag o An d fee i n g it h ath fal .

l e n t o o ur L o t t o 21 6C up on t h is St ag e to h av e
°
,

o u r p re fe n t Ho m e an d R e i i de n c e h er e it fe e ms ,

m o lt r e afo n ab le an d t h e P l ac e defig n d b y Pr o
’

v i den ce w h er e w e lh o u ld fir lt e m plo y o u r
,

Th ou g ht s t o u nder fl a nd th e Wo rk s Of Go d an d
,

N at u r e We h a v e acc o rdi n gly th e r ef or e z de

.

fig nd i n th i s Wo r k t o giv e a n Acc o u nt o f th e
’
1 '
.

O r i g in al o f t h e E art h an d o f all th e g r eat a n d ,

en e ra l Ch an ge s t h at i t h ath a lr eady u n de rg on e;
g
or is h e n c e fo rw a rds to u n d e rg o tH l th e C o n ,

fu m m at i o n O f al l th i ng s Fo r i f fro m th o fe .

Pri n ci pl e s We h av e h e r e t a k en an d that Th eor y ,

w e h av e b e gu n i n t h e l e t w o fir li B o ok s w e c an ,

d e d u ce w i th Su c c efs an d C l e ar n efs th e O ri gi n D
O f th e E a rt h a n d t h o l e St at e s o f I t t h at ar e al
,
e

r eady p alt ; fio llOw i n g th e fame Th r e ad an d b y

‘ ’
,
a

t h e C o n d i t o f th e fam e T h eo ry w w i ll
u e
p ur , - .

l ue its Fa t e an d Hilto r y t h r o fu t u r e Ag es j a n d
’

m ark a ll t h e grea t C h an g e s an d C o ri v er li o n s
th at att en d i t w h i le 23a) a nd N ig h t jha li lead .
»

t h at is l o l o n g as it c o n ti n u e s an E art h
, _
.
.

B Y th e St at e s o f th e E art h t h at ar e al r ead y
p ath we u n d erh an d c h ie fly Ta r a di/[e an d th e We
,

lug e ; Nam e s w e ll k no w n an d as l it t l e k no wn ,

i n t h e ir N at u r e By t h é f utu r e St at es we u n
.

de r l a n d t h e Confl ag r a ti on an d w h at n e w O r
’ ’
t ,
. . .

m ay fo ll o w u po n a h ar ti ll th e
’
’

w h o l e C i rc le o f Ttm e a n d Pr u v i de nfc e b e c o m z

p l e at e d A s t o th e fi r lt a n d p al t St at e s O f t h e
’ ’

E art h we lh all h av e li tt l e h el p fr o m th e A h
,
‘

B 2. c i e n t s,
 Th e T
b emy bf th e E A R TH .

c i e nts , o r fr o m an yO f th e Ph i lo fOp h er s , for th e

D i fc o v e r y o r D e fc r i p ti o n o f t h e m We m u lt ’

o ft e n tr ead u n b e at e n P at h s , an d mak e a Wa
y
w h e r e w e do n o t fin d o n e 5 b u t it {h all b e a lw ays
w it h a L ig h t i n o u r H an d , t h at w e ma y fe e o u r
St eps , an d t h at th o fe t h at fo l lo w u s m ay n o t
fo ll o w u s bli n dly Th e r e is n o S e ét o f Ph i lo fo
.

p h e r s t h atI k n o w o f, t h at e v e r g av e an A cc o u n t

o f th e U n i v e r fal D el u g e, o r di fco v er d, fr o m
’

t h e C o n t e m pl ati o n O f th e E art h , th at t h e r e h ad

b e en fe c h a Th i n g a lr eady i n N at u r e Ti s tr u e, .
’

t h e y o ft en t al k o f an Alt er n ati o n o f Welug er an d

Confl eg m tzom i n t h is E art h , b u t t h e y {p e ak o f
’

t h e m as Th in gs to c o m e ; at l e afi, t h e y giv e n o
Pr o o f o r Arg u m e n t o f a ny t h at h at h a lr eady de
fi r o y ed th e Wo r ld As to Ta m a zfe, it feem s
’
’

t o b e r e pr e fen te d t o u s by t h e Golden A e 3
'

g
w h e r eo f th e An ci en ts t e ll m an y St o ri e s , {o m e
t i m es v e ry l u x u ri an t , an d fo m e ti m es v e ry de
fe€ti ve z F o r t h e y did n o t fo w e l l u n de r ftan d th e
~
’

D i ffe re n c e b e t w ixt th e n e w m ad e E art h an d th e

-

r e fe n t, as to fee wh a t w e r e th e j u fi G ro u n ds o f
p
t h e Golden d e, o r o f Pa m dz e
f t o u gh t h e y
‘
h
'

g
h ad m an y br o k e n No ti o n s c o n c er n i n g t h o fe
Th in gs , as to th e Confl ag m tzm i n p artic u l a r
'

Th is h ath al ways b ee n r e ck o n d o n e a m o n g i t
’ ‘

t h e O pi n i o n s , o r D o g m at a o f th e St o icks , hat T
tb e ” f or /d ew : to be d fr o ed 5 F i r e a nd t h e ir
e/ j ] ,

Bo o ks ar e fu ll o f t h is N o ti o n b u t y et t h e y
do n o t t e l l u s th e C au fcs o f th e C o n fiag r ati o n ,
n o r w ha t Pr e p ar ati o n s t h er e ar e 1 11 N at u r e, o r

w il l b e , t o wards t h at gr e at C h an g e An d w e
.

m ay g e n er ally o b fcr ve t h i s o f th e Anci ents ,

th at
 The D ‘
hg
e t e a nd fl ifi lu ti m bf th e E a r th .
5
t h at t h e ir L ear ni n g o r Ph i lo fo p h y co n fifte d " ’

m o r e i n C o n cl u fio n s t h an i n D e m o n fir atio n s ;
'

t h e y h ad m an y Tr u t h s am o n g t h e m w h er eo f ,

t h e y did n o t k n o w th e mfelv es th e Pr em i fes o r

.

t h e Pr o o fs : Wh ic h 1 3 an Arg u m e n t to m e th at
‘

,;

t h e K n o w l e dg e t h e y h ad w as n o t a T h ing o f ,

t h e ir o w n I nv en ti o n o r wh ich t h e y c am e to by
,

fair R e afo n i n g a n d O b fer v ar i o n s u p o n N at u r e ,

b u t w as de li ve r e d to th e m fr o m O t h e rs by Tr a
'

diti on an d an ci en t F am e fo m eti m es mo r e p u b
o

l ick fo m et i m es m o r e fe cr et : Th e fe C o n c lu
,
~

fio n s t h e y k ept i n Mi n d a n d c o m m u n ic at ed ,

to th o fe o f t h e ir Sc h o o l o r Sea o r Po fier i ty , .

, ,

w it h ou t k n o w i n g fo r th e m olt p ar t th e ju ft
,
.

,
‘

Gr o u n ds an d R e afo n s o f t h em
'

. .

TI s th e S acr e d Writi n gs o f Script u r e t h at .

a re t h e b e lt Mo n u m e n ts o f A n tiq u ity a n d to ,

t h o fe w e ar e c h i efly b e h o ld en fo r t h e Hi fio r y o f
t h e fir lt Ag e s w h et h e r N at u r a l Hi lto r y o r C ivil
’
.
,
’
Ti s tr u e th e P o e ts w h o Wer e th e m o lt an ci en t
, ,

Writ e rs a m o n g th e Gr eeks an d fer v d th em b o t h ,

’

fo r Hi fio r i an s Divi n e s an d Ph i lo fOp h er s h av e
, , ,

d eliv er e d fo m e Th i n gs c o n c er n i n g th e firlt A
g e s o f th e Wo rld t h at h av e a fair r e fe m b lan c e
,

o fT r u t h an d fo m e Afli n i ty w ith th o fe Acc o u n t s

t h at ar e giv en o f th e fam e Th i n gs by S acr e d Au
t h o rs an d th efe m ay b e o f U fe i n du e Tim e an d
,

P lac e ; b u t y et l eft an y th i n g fab u l o u s fl1 0 u ld

,
.

b e m i x d w it h t h e m as c o m m On ly th e r e is
’

, .
,

we w ill n ev e r dep e n d w h o lly u p o n th ei r C r e

'

dit n o r alfert any Th i n g u p o n th e Aut h o rit y

, b
o f th e A n ci e n ts w h i c h is n o t fir lt r o v d by
’

p
n atu r al Reafon o r w a rr an t ed by Scr ipt u r e
,

B 3
 The Th eofj qf the r E a n r hl
ITfe e m s to m e v e ry r e a fo n ab le to b e li ev e t h at
b eli de s t h e Pr e c e pt s o f R CIIO I O I], w h ic h ar e th e
p ri nc i pa l S u b je ét a n d D e f o
n o f th e B o o ks o f H o

l y Script u r e , t h e r e m a y b e pr o vid en ti ally c o n

fer ve d i n t h e m th e Mem or y of Th i ng s an d Ti m e s
fo r e m o te, as c o u ld n o t b e r etri ev e d , e it h e r b y .

Hi lto r y, o r by th e L ig h t o f N at u r e ; an d y e t
'

w e r e o f gr e at I m p o rta n c e to b e k n o w n , b o t h fo r
t h e i r own Exc e ll en cy , an d a l fo to r e c .
ti fy t h e
K now l edg e o f Men i n o t h e r Th i ng s c b n fe q u e n ~

ti a l to t h em S u c h P o i n ts m ay b e, Our g rea t
Ep och a mr th e Ag e o f th e E art h , Th e O rigi n ati
' '

o n o f Man ki n d , T h e Pi rft an d Par adi fiac a l St a t e,

Th e D eitru éti o n of th e o ld Wo rld : by an U n i
v e r fal D e l u g e , T h e L o n g e vity o f i ts I n h abit an ts,
'

The ma n n e r o f t h e ir Pr e fer vati o n , a n d o f t h e ir

.

Pe dp li n g th e fe co n d -E a rt h ; an d l aitly, Th e
F a te and C h an g es it is t o u n d e rg o Th e fe I a l .

ways lo o k d u p o n as th e S e eds o f top r eat K n o w

’

g
le dg e , o r H e ads o f Th e o ri e s fix d o n Pu 1 p o fe
’ ‘
‘
'

t o giv e u s A i m an d Di r eéti o n h o w to p u 1 tu e
t h e r e ft t h at d e p en d u p o n t h e m Bu t th e fe
.

He ads, y o u fe e, ar e o f a m ix d O rd e r , a n d w e
’
‘

ro o fe to o u r fe lv es i n t h is Wo rk o n l y fu c h as
p p
b e l o ng to th e n at u r al Wo rld , u po n w h ic h I
b e lie v e th e Tr ai n s o f Pro vid en c e a r e g e n er all y
l aid an d w e m u tt firlt c o n fider , h o w G o d h at h
’

o rde r d N at u r e , an d t h e n , h o w th e O ec o n o m y
’

o f th e I n t e l l e c t u a l W o rld is ad apt e d to it
fo r o f t h efe tw o P a rts c o n fi ft t h e fu l l S yftem
o f Pr o v i de n c e . In th e m e an Ti m e, w h at S u b :
j e ét c a n b e m o r e w o rt h y t h e T h o u g h ts o f an y
V
feri on s Per fon , t h an to i e w and c on fider t h e
R i fe
 T
h e D eltzg efi na fl iflb httion
‘ '
f o th e E a r th q .

R i fe an d F al l an d all th e R e v o l u ti o n s n o t
, , ,

o f a Mo n arc h y o r a n E m pir e o f th e G r eci a n ,

o r R oma n St at e b u t o f a n e n tir e Wo rld ?

,

THE O b fc u r i ty o f th e fe Th i n gs an d t h e ir ,

R e m o ten e fs fr o m c o m m o n K n o w l edg e w ill b e ,

m ad e a n Arg u m e n t by fo m e Wh y w e {h o u ld n o t ,

u n d e rt ak e t h e m ; a n d by o t h ers it m ay b e th e , ,

V ery fam e Th i n g w i ll b e m ad e an Arg u m en t

w h y w e {h o u ld F or m y P art I t h i n k T h er e i s
tee th i n
g [ fa er r et th a t [ he ]! not h e h r ot
g
r h t t o

L igh t w it h i n th e C o m p a fs o f ou r Wor ld 5 fo r
'

w e ar e u m to u n der ftan d t h at o f th e w h o l e
U n i v er fe n o r o f all Et e r n ity o u r C ap aciti e s
, ,

d o n o t e xt e n d fo far 5 b u t w h arfo e v e r c o n c e r n s
t h is S u bl u n ary Wo rld i n th e w h o l e Ext en t o f u s
D u r ati o n fr o m th e C h ao s t o t h e l ait P e ri o d
, ,

t h is I b eli ev e Pro vid en c e h ath m ad e u s c ap abl e

t o u n der fia n d an d w ill i n its du e T
, i m e m ak e i t
k n o wn A ll I fay b e t w ixt th e fir ft C h ao s an d
.
,

th e l aft C o m pl e ti o n o f T i m e an d al l Th i ngs
t e m p o r ary t h is w as giv e n to th e D i fq u i frti o n s
,

o f Me n : O n e it h e r H a n d is Et e r n ity b e fo r e th e
.

Wo rld an d aft er w h ic h is w it h o u t o u r r e ac h :
,

But t h at littl e fpo t o f G r o u n d t h at li e s b e t w ixt

th o fe t w o gr e at O c e an s t h is w e ar e t o c u lti
,

v at e t h is w e ar e Matte rs o f h e r e i n w e ar e to e x
, ,

e r c i fe o u r T h o u g h ts t o u n de r ltan d a n d l ay o p e n
,

th e T r e afu r es o f t h e Divi n e Wi fdo m a n d G oo d

n e fs h i d i n t h is p art o fNat u r e an d o f Pr o vi de n c e .

A s fo r th e D i fl i cu lty o r O b fcu r i ty o f a n
‘

A rgu m en t t h at d o e s b u t add to th e Pl e a fu r e
,

o f c o n t efti n it h it h n t h e r e ar e H o p e s
’
g w w e , ,

o f Vi C tor y 5 an d S u c c e fs d o es m or e t h an t e
.

B 4 co m pe n fe
 Th Theory pf
e th e E A R TH.

c o m pe n fe all t h e P ai n s F o r t h e r e is n o for t
.

o f o y m o r e gr at e fu l to th e Mi n d o f Ma n
J ,

t h a n t h at w h ic h ar i fe th fr o m th e I n v en ti o n o f
Tr u t h ; e fp e c i ally w h e n tis h ard to c o m e by ’

Ev ery Man h at h a D e lig h t fu i te d to h i s G en i

us a n d a s t h e r e is Pl ea fu r e i n t h e rig h rE x er
,

ci fe o f an y F a c u lty fo e fp e c i ally i n t h at o f
,

R ig h t R e a fo n i n g s w h i c h is ii i ll th e gr e at e r by
-
,

h o w m u c h th e C o n feq u e n c e s ar e m o r e cl e a r ,

a n d th e C h ai n s o f t h e m m o r e l o n g : T h e r e is
n o C h a c e fo p le afan t m et h i n k s , as to driv e ,

a T h o u g h t by g o o d C o n d u i t fr o m o n e e n d
, ,

o f t h e Wo rld to t h e o t h e r ; a n d n e v e r to

l o fe Sig h t o f it til l it fall i n t o Et e r n ity w h er e ,

a l l t h i n gs a r e l o ft as to o u r K n o w l e dg e
, .

TH 1 8 Th eo ry b e i n g c h i e fly Ph ilo fo ph i cal ,

R e afo n is to b e o u r fir ft G u id e ; an d w h e r e
’

t h at fal ls ib o rt o r an y o t h er ju ft O c cafio n o f
,

fe rs it fe lf w e m ay r e c e iv e fu rt h e r L ig h t an d
,

C o n fir m ati o n fr o m th e S acr e d Writi n gs B o t h .

t h e fe ar e to b e l o o k d u p o n as o f Divi n e O r i
’

g i n al G
, o d i s t h e A u th o r o f b o t h ;
'

h e t h at

m ad e th e Sc r ipt u r e m ad e al fo o u r F ac u lti e s an d ,
’
t w e r e a R efl eét i o n u p o n th e Divi n e V e r acity
‘

fo r th e o n e o r th e O t h e r to b e fal fe w h en rig h t
l y u fe d W e m u lt t h e r efo r e b e c ar efu l a n d t e n d e r
.

o f o o fi n th f to o n e a no t h e r b e c au fe t h at
pp g e e ,

is i n e ffe ét to o pp o fe Go d to h i m fe lf A s fo r
,
’
, .

A n tiq u ity a n d th e Te fti m o n i e s o f th e A n ci en ts ,

w e o n ly m ak e g e n e r a l R e fl c éti o n s u p o n t h e m ,

fo r Illu fi r ati o n r at h e r t h an Pr o o f o f w h at w e
r O o fe ; n o t t h i n ki n g it pr o p e r fo r a n E n /ifl:
p p g
Tr e ati fe to m u ltiply C it ati ons o u t o f Gr eek
or L a ti n Auth or s . 1 a m
 Th Theo j of
e r th e E A R T H:
C H A P . If:

Hg ener a l Aeoonnt of N o A H5 F lood ’

, Corna
ua nti t of Wa ter
p u ta ti on w h a t
Q y re on/d he
f

neeefl a rj f or the ma ki ng f i t ; o th a t th e com

a nd E x li ea ti on o th a t F lood
neon Op i ni on p f
25 n

IS nowmor e t h an five Th o u fand Y e ars

fin ce o ur Wo rld w as m ad e an d th o
’

It w o u ld b e a r e at Pl e afu r e t o th e Mi n d to
g ,

r e c o ll e ét an d v i e w at t h is D i ftan c e th o fe fir ft

S c en es o f N at u r e w h at th e F a c e o f th e E art h
,

was w h en fr efh an d n ew an d h o w Th i n gs
, ,

di ff er d fr o m t h e St at e w e n o w fin d t h e m i n
’

t h e Sp e c u l ati o n is fo r e m o r e t h at it fee m s ,

t o b e h o p e l e fs an d b e y o n d
, t h e r e ac h o f

h u m an W1 t . We ar e almo ft th e laft Po f
t er i ty o f th e fir ft Me n a n d fa l l e n i n t o th e
,

dyi n g Ag e o f th e Wo rld ; by w h at F o o rfl eps ,

o r by w h at G u id e c an w e tr a c e b a ck o u r Way

t o th o fe fir ft A g es an d th e fir ft O rd e r o f

Th i n gs ? An d yet m et h i n ks it is r eafo n ab lc
,

, ,

t o b e li e v e , t h at Divi n e Pr o vid e n c e w h ich ,

fe e s at o n c e t h ro u g h o u t al l th e Ag e s an d O r
d e rs o f th e Wo r l d fh o u l d n o t b e w illi n g to
,

k eep Manki n d fin ally an d fat ally ig no ran t

o f t h at p art o f N at u r e an d o f th e U n iv e r fe
, ,

w h ic h is p r o p erl y t h e ir Task an d Pr o vi n c e
t o m an a g e an d u n der ftan d We ar e th e I n h a .
~

b i tan ts o f th e E art h th e L o rds a n d Mafl e r s o f

,

it an d w e ar e e n do w d w it h R eafo n an d U n
’

der ftan di ng dot h it n ot t h en pr op er ly b elo n g

to
 T h e Welng e and fl ijfelati on of th e E a r th
'

. 1 t

to x i
u s to e am n e an d u n fo l d th e Wo rks O f G o d
in t h is p art ofth e U n i v er fe w h ic h is fa ll e n ,

t o o u r L o t w h ic h is o u r Herit ag e a n d H abi
,

t ati o n ? An d it w ill b e fo u n d it m ay b e u p o n , ,

a ftri éte r E n q u i r y , t h at i n t h e p r e fe n t F o r m an d
'

C on fti tu ti o n o f th e E art h , t h e re ar e c ert ai n

Marks an d I n dic ati o n s o f its firft St at e ; w it h
.

w h ic h i f w e c o m p ar e th o fe Th i n gs t h at ar e
r ec o rd ed i n S acre d Hi ftor y c o n c e rn i n g th e firft ’
,

C h ao s Par adi fe an d an U n i v e r fa l D e l u g e w e
, , ,

m ay di fc o v er by th e h elp o f th o fe L i g h ts w h at
, ,

t h e E art h w as i n its fir ft O rigi n al a n d w h at ,

C h an g e s h av e fin ce fu c c ee ded i n i t .

A N D th o w e fh al l giv e a fu l l Ac c o u n t o f
'
” '

th e O rigi n o f t h e E a rt h i n t h is T r e at i fe y e t ,

t h at Wh ich w e h av e p r o p o s d p artic u l arly fo r th e ’

Titl e an d S u b jeét o f it is to giv e a n A cc ou nt ,

o f th e pri m aev a l T a r a di e an d o f th e U n iv e r
f ,
~

fa l D elng e th o fe b e i n g th e t w o m o lt i m p o r
‘
.
,

t an t t h i n gs t h at ar e e xpl ai n e d by th e Th eo ry w e
r o p o fe A n d I m u lt b e g l e av e i n tr e ati n
p .
g
o f th e fe t w o to c h an g e th e O rd e r an d tr e at
, ,

firft o f th e fl elng e an d t h en o f T a r a di e
, fi F or

t h o u g h th e St at e o f Par a di fe d o t h pr e c ed e t h at
o f th e F lo o d i n S a cr e d Hi fto r y an d i n th e Na ,

t u re o f th e Th i n g y e t th e Explic ati o n o f b o th
,

w ill b e m o r e fen fib le an d m o r e e ff e ttu al i f w e ,

b e gi n w it h t h e D e l u g e ; t h er e b e i ng m o r e O b .

fe r vari o n s a n d E ffe éts a n d th o fe b e tt e r k n o w n ,

t o u s t h at m ay b e r e fer r d to t h is t h an to th e
’
a
,

O t her an d th e D e l u e b e i n g o n c e tr u ly e x
’

g
-
e
,
.

l ai n d w e {h al l fr o m t h e n c e k n o v th e F o r m
’

p , N
and
Q l ali ty o f th e A n t e di lu vi a n E arth L et -
.

4 . us
 Th The
e f ory E AR r a
o th e .

u s t h e n pr o c e e d to th e Exp l ic ati o n o f t h at gr eat

an d fat a l I n u n d ati o n w h o fe Hifio r y is w e l l

,

k n o w n ; an d acc o rdi n g to Mofes t h e b elt o f ,

Hi fio r i an s i n a fe w Wo r ds is t h is
,

S I x T E E N H u n dr ed an d o dd Y e ars a ft e r .

th e E art h w as m ad e a n d i n h abit e d
, it w as ,

o v e r fl o w e d an d defir o y e d i n a D elu g e o f Wa
-

t er
. No t a D elu g e t h at w as N ati o n al o n ly ,

o r o v e r r un fo m e p artic u lar C o u n try or R e gi

-

a dea o r Gr eece o r an y o t h er
on , as
j , b ut it ,

o v e r f r e ad th e F ac e o f t h e Wh o le E art h fr o m
p
-
,

iPo le to P o l e an d fr o m E ajt to hVe/i an d t h at

,
I
,

i n fu ch E x ce fs t h at th e Fl o o ds o v er r eac h t
,
-

t h e t o ps o f th e h i g h e fi Mo u n t ai n s ; th e R ai n s
de fc e n di ng aft e r an u n u fu al Man n e r a n d th e ,

F o u n t ai n s o f th e Gr ea t fl ee} b e i n g br o k e ;

o p en ; ( 0 as a g e n e r al D e fl r u é r i o n a n d D ev afia
’

t i o n w as br o u g h t u p o n th e E art h an d all T h i n gs,

i n it Man ki n d an d o t h e r l ivi n g C r eat u r e s ; e x

,

c e ti n
p g o n ly N oa h a n d h i s F a m ily w h o by a ,

fp e c i al Pr o vid e n c e o f G o d w as pr e fer v ed i n a
c e rt ai n Ar k o r V e ffe l m ad e l ik e a S h ip
, and ,

fu ch ki n ds o f l ivi n g C r e at u r e s as h e t oo k i n
Aft er th e fe Wat ers h ad r ag d fo r fo m e
'

t o h im
’
.

t i m e o n th e E art h t h ey b eg an to leffen an d
,

lh r i n k / an d th e gr eat W av es an d F l u ctu ati o n s

o f t h is fD ee o r fl h b i n g q u i et e d by d egr e e s
p jfi e ,

t h e Wat ers r e ti r d i n t o t h e ir C h an n e l s an d C a
’

v e r n s w it h i n th e E art h ; an d th e Mo u n t ai n s a nd

Fi e lds b eg an to app e ar a n d th e wh o le h abit a

,

b le E a rt h i n t h at F o r m an d S h ap e w h e r ei n w e
n o w fe e i t .Th en th e Wo r l d b eg an ag ai n an d ,

fr o m t h at l ittl e Remnant prefer vfd in th e

4 . Ark ,
 Th e D elug l ’
e ana {Dzfioz a ti on
f 3 o th e E a r th . 1

ZAr k th e pr e fen t R ace o f Man ki n d an d o f An i

, ,

m als i n t h e k n o wn P arts of th e E art h w e r e pr o

, ,

T h us e r i lh d t h e O ld Wo rld a n d t h e
’

ag ate d p
p .
,

re fe nt ar o fe fr o m th e R u i n s a n d R e m ai n s o f i t
p .

TH 1 s is a lh o r t St o ry o f t h e g r eatefi Th i ng
t h at e v e r ye t h apn e d i n th e Wo rld th e g r eatefl , .

R e v o l u ti o n an d th e g rea te l t C h an g e i n N at u re 5
’

an d i f w e c o m e to r efl eC t fer i ou fly u p o n it w e ,

{h al l fin d it ex tr e am ly di ffic u lt i f n o r i mp o fii b le , ,

to giv e an A cc o u nt o f th e Wat e rs t h at co m p o s d
’

t h is D e l u g e w h e n c e t h ey c am e o r wh it h e r t he y
, ,

w en t .If it h a d b ee n o n ly th e I n u n d ati o n o f a
C o u n try o r o f a P r o vi n c e o r o f th e g r e atefi pa rt
, ,

o f a C o n ti n e n t fo me pr o po rt i o n a bl e C au fe s er
, p
h aps m ig h t h av e b e en fo u n d o u t ; b u t a D e l ug e
o v e rfl o w i n g th e w h o l e E art h th e w h o l e C irc u it ,

a n d w h o l e E xt en t o f it b u ryi n g a ll i n W at e r e
, ,

V en t he g r eatefi Mo u n ta i ns i n a n y k n o w n P arts
o f th e U n i v e r fe to fin d Wat e r fil fii cie nt fo r
,

t h is Effeé r as it is g en e r ally expl ai n ed an d n u

’
,

der fl o o d I th i n k is i m po fl i b le A n d t h at w e m ay
, .

t h e b e tt e r j u dg e o f th e w h o l e m att e r l et us fir fi ,

c o m p u t e ho w m u c h Wate r w o u ld b e r eq u i fite
,

fo r fu ch a D e l u g e ; o r to l ay th e E arth c o n fi ,

d er d i n its pr e fe n t F o rm an d th e h ig h efi Mo u n
’

t ai n s u n d er Wat e r Th en l et u s c o n fide r w h e
, .

t h er fu ch a Qtanti ty o f Wat e r c an b e h ad o u t o f
all th e S to r e s t h a t w e k n o w i n N at u re : A nd fr o m

t h e fe t wo w e w i l l t ak e o u r G r o u n d an d R i fe
, ,

a n d b e gi n to r e fl e c t w h et h e r th e Wo rld h at h
,

n 0 t b e e n h it h e rt o m ii ta k e n i n th e c o m m o n 0
’

p i n i o n an d Explic ati o n o f the g en e ra l D e l u g e .

To difcover h o w m u ch Wat er wo ul d b e r e
<

u i lite
q
1 4 . Th e T
hewy of th e E A R TH
.

fite ak e t h is D e lu g e , w e m u ll fir lt (
’
ui m to u p:
q
p o fe en o u gh to c ov e r th e pl ai n S u rfac e o f t h e
E art h , th e Fi e lds an d l o w e r G r o u n ds ; t h en w e
m u ll h e ap u p (0 m u ch mo r e u p o n t h is , as w il l
r e ac h ab o v e th e t o ps o f th e h ig h efi Mo u nta in s ;
fo as dr a w i n g a C i r c l e o v er th e t o ps o f th e h ig h efi
Mo u n t ai n s qu it e r o u n d th e E art h , fu ppo fe fr o m
P o l e to P o l e , an d ano t h e r to m e et it r o u n d th e
m iddl e o f t h e E art h , a ll t h at Sp a c e, o r C ap acity ,
c o n ta i n d w ith i n t h e fe C ircl e s , is t o b e fill d u
’ ’

p
w it h Wat e r Th is I c o n fe fs w il l m ak e a pr o d i
.

gi o n s Ma fs o f Wat e r, an d it lo o ks frig h t fu lly to

t h e I m agi n ati o n ; tis h u g e a n d gr e at , b u t ti s e x
’ ’

t r av ag an t ly ( 0 , as a gr e at Mo n ite r It d o t h n o t
l o o k lik e th e Wo rk o f G o d o r N at u r e : Ho w
e v e r l e t s c o m p u t e a littl e m o r e p artic u la r l y
’

h o w m u c h t h is w ill am o u n t to , o r h o w m an y
O c e an s o f Wat e r w o u l d b e n e c effar y to c o m
p o fe t h is gr e at O c e an ro w l i n g i n th e Ai r , w ith
o ut B o u n ds
B an ks or .

IF a ll t h e Mo u n t ai n s w e r e p ar e d o ff th e E art h ,

and ( 0 th e S u r fa c e o f it l ay e v en o r i n a n e q u a l
,

C o n v e xity e v ery w h e r e w it h th e S u r fac e o f th e

,

Se a fr o m t h is S u r fac e o f th e S e a l e t u s fup p o fe
, ,

t h at th e h eigh t o f th e Mo u n t ain s m ay b e a Mil e

a n d a h al f ; o r t h at w e m ay n o r fee m a t a ll t o fa

Vo u r o u r o wn O pi n io n o r C alcu l ati o n l et u s ,

t ak e a Mil e o n ly fo r th e p e rp en dic u l ar h e ig h t o f
t h e Mo u n t ai n s L e t u s o n th e o t he r fi d e fu p po fe
'

t h e S e a t o c o v e r h al f th e E art h as tis g e n e r ally

’

b e li ev d to do an d th e c om m o n D ept h o f it ta
’

ki n g o n e Pl ac e w it h an o t h e r to b e ab o u t a q u ar
,
é

t er o f a Mi l e o r a s o P ac e s
,
I fay t aki n g on e
.
,

Pl ac e
 The fl dfi jfi l f th e E ar th
’

ela e a n o ati oa o
g z . 1 5
P l ac e w it h an o t h e r , fo r t h o u gh
th e m i ddle
.
'

C h a n n e l o f th e g r e at O c e an b e far d eep e r , we
‘

m ay o b fer v e, t h at t h e r e is c o m m o n ly a D e fc en t
o r D e clivit yfr o m th e S h o r e to th e m iddl e P a rt .

o f th e C h an n e l , fo t h at o n e c o m e s b y D e gr e es

i n t o th e D ept h o f it ; an d th o fe lh o r y P arts
-

ar e g en e r ally b u t fo m e F at h o m
s d ee p Be fid ts , .

i n A r m s o f th e S e a, 1 11 Str aits a n d a m o n g Ill an ds ,

t h er e 1 3 c o m m o n ly n o gr eat D ept h , an d io ni c
P l ac es ar e pl ai n S h all o w s So as u p o n a m o
.

d e r at e C o m p u t ati o n , o n e P lac e co m p ar d w it h ’

a n o t h e r , w e m ay t a k e a q u art e r o f a Mil e , o r

a bo u t an h u n dr e d F at h o m s , fo r t h e Co m m o n

Me afu r e o f th e D ept h o f th e S e a, i f w e we r e
c all i n t o a C h an n e l o f an equ a l D ept h e ve ry
w h e r e Th is b e i ng fu pp o s d , th er e w o u ld n e e d
’

fo u r O c ean s t o li e u p o n t h is O c ean , t o r ai fe i t
u p t o th e t o p o f th e Mou n t ai n s , o r ( 0 h ig h as

t h e Wat e rs o f t h e D e l u g e ri fe t h en fo u r O
c eau s m o r e to l i e u p o n th e L an d , t h at th e Wa
ter t h e r e m ig h t fw e l l to t h e fa m e h e ig h t ; wh ic h
‘

t og et h e r m ak e e ig h t O c ean s for th e Pr o p o rti

W
t i o n o f th e at er r eq u i r d i n th e D el u g e
’

TI 8 tr u e, t h e r e w o u ld n o t b e alto g ethe r fo ‘ '

m u c h Wat e r re q u ir e d fo r th e L a n d as fo r th e
S e a; to t ai fe t h em to an eq u al h e ig h t ; b ec au fe
Mo u n t ai n s an d Hil ls w o u ld fill u p p art o f t h at
S p ac e u p o n th e L and , an d fo m a k e l e fs
‘
at e r W
'

r eq u i li te . Bu t to c o m p e n fate t h is , an d c on
fir m o u r C om pu t ati o n , w e m u i r c o n fide r i n
’

th e firft Pl ac e ; t h at w e h av e t ak en a m u c h le fs
’

h e ig h t o f the Moun t ai n s th an is r eq u i fite , i f

'

We r efpeCt the Med it err aneo us Mo u n t ai ns , o r

th o fe
1 6 The Th ewy of '
th eEAR TH .

t h o fe t h at a r e at a gr eat di li ance fr o m th e Sea ;

fo r t h e ir H e ig h t ab o v e th e S u r fac e o f th e S e a ,

c o m p u ti n g th e D e c l ivity o f th e L an d al l al o n g

fr o m th e Mo u n t ai n s to th e S ea fide (a n d t h at
-

t h er e is fu ch a D e clivity is m an i felt fr o m t h e
’

C o u r fe an d D e fc en t o f th e R iv e rs ) is far gr e at e r
th an th e Pr o p o rti o n w e h afie t ak e n
‘
Th e
h e ig h t o f Mo u n t a i n s is u fu al ly t ak e n fr o m t h e
F o o t o f t h e m o r fr o m th e n e xt P l ai n , w h ich
,

i f it b e far fr o m th e S ea w e m ay r e afo n ab l y
,

a llo w a s m u c h fo r th e D e c le n fio n o f th e L an d

f ro m t h at p lac e to th e S e a as fo r th e i m m e
,

d i at e H e ig h t o f th e Mo u n t ai n : S o fo r In fian c e
, ,

t h e Mo u n t a i n s o f th e Mo o n i n Af r i ca w h e n c e ,

t h e N i le fl o w s an d aft e r a l o n g C o u r fe fall s
,

i n t o th e Me dit e rr an ean S e a by Eg yp t ar e (0 ,

m u c h h ig h er t h an th e S u r fac e o f t h at S ea firll , ,

a s th e A fc en t o f th e L an d is fr o m t h e S e a to

t h e F o o t o f th e Mo u n t a i n s an d t h en as th e
,

H eigh t o f th e Mo u n t ai n s is fro m th e bo tt o m to
t h e to p : F o r b o t h th e fe ar e to b e c o m p u t e d

w h en y o u m eafur e th e H e ig h t o f a Mo u n t ai n ,

o r o f a m o u n t ai n ou s L an d i n r e fp eCt o f th e
,

S e a : A n d th e H e ig h t o f Mo u n t ai n s to th e S e a
b e i n g t h u s c o m p u t e d t h er e w o u l d b e n e e d o f
,

fix o r e ig h t O c ean s to t ai fe th e S ea alo n e as
h ig h as th e h ig h elt I n lan d Mo u n t a i n s : A n d
’

t h is 1 3 m o r e t h an en o u gh to c o m p en fate th e l efs
u an t ity o f Wat e r t h a t w o u ld b e r e u i fite u p o n
Q q
t h e L an d . Befide s w e m u tt c o nfider th e R e
,

gi o n s o f th e Ai r u p w ards to b e m o r e c ap aci
o u s t h an a R e gi o n o f th e fam e T h i ck n efs m o r
n ear th e E art h fo as 1 f an O cean pou r d u p o n
’

the
 The Theory of th e E A R TH
‘

Ahjfs w er e hr ohea up , or ha d? afima’er ,

’

r ea t
g
a n d th e R ai n de fc e n ded fo r F orty D ays , th e Ca
t a r a ctr , F loodg a tes
H eav e n b e i n g 0
of
'
or

p e n e d A n d i n th efe tw o no d o ub t ar e c o n
.
, ,

r a i n d th e C au fe s o f th e gr e at D e lu g e
’

as a c ,

c o rdi n g to Mafer fo al fo acc o r di n g to R e afon

,

a n d N e ce ll i ty fo r o ur Wo r ld affo r ds n o o t h e r
Tr eafu r es o f Water L e t u s t h er efo r e co n fi
.

der h o w m u c h t h is R ai n o f Fo rty D ays m ig h t

, ,

a m o u n t to a nd h o w m u ch mig h t fl o w o u t o f
, .

t h e A b y fs t h at fo we may j u dg e wh e t h e r
, .

t h efe tw o i n c o n ju n a i o n wo ul d mak e u th
p e
e ig h t O c e an s w h ic h w e w an t .

A s fo r th e R a i n s t h e y w o uld n o t affo rd u s
,

o n e O c ean n or h alf an O c e an not t h e t e n t h

, ,

p art o f an O c e an i f w e m ay u nit to th e O h
,
-

fer v ati o n s m ad e by o t h e rs c on c er ni n g th e (El an

tity o f Wat er t h at fal ls i n R ai n Al erferzmrr giv e s .

u s t h is Acc o u n t o f it Co
g T hjfi M
, e ch p 2 2 1
. . .

It app ears by o u r O b fe r v ati o n s t h at a C u bi ,

c al V e lfel o f Br afs wh e r eo f w e m ad e u fe
, ,

is fill d an I n c h an d an h alf i n h al f an H o u r s
’ ’

Ti m e ; b u t b e cau fe t h at fu cks up n o t h i n g o f
th e Mo i lru r e as th e E art h d o t h l e t u s t ak e an
’
,

In c h fo r h alf a n H o u r s R ai n ; w h en c e it fo l
’

lo w s t h at i n th e Sp ac e o f F o rty D ays an d
,

Nig h ts R ai n th e Wat ers i n th e D el u g e wo u d

,
’

ri fe at fo u r F e et i n 2 4 H o u rs 1 6 0 F e et i f th e
, .
, ,

R ai n s w e r e c o u ltan t an d e q u al to o u rs an d ,

t h at it r ai n d at o n c e t h r o u g ho ut th e Fac e
’

o f th e w h o l e E art h Bu t t h e R ai n o f th e D e
.

l u g e fait h h e lh o u l d h av e b een 90 ti mes gr e at

, ,

er t h an t h is to cov er, for Infiah ce th e Mo u n

, ,

rain s
 Th D elog e a nd {D if olutzorz if th e E a r th
'
‘
e . 1 9

i fl r mem a , o r to r e ac h 1 5 C u bits a b o v e
’

ta ns of
t h em . S o th at a cc o rdi n g t o h i s C o m p u t ati on ,
t h e F o rty D a ys R ai n w o ul d fu p p ly littl e m or e
t h an th e h u n dr e dt h P ar t of th e Wate r r eq u i li te
t o m a k e th e D e l u g e Ti s tr u e h e m ak e s th e
’
’
.
,

H ei g h t o f th e Mo u n t ai n s h ig h er t h an w e do
.

b u t h o w e ve r i f yo u t em p e r th e C alc u l ati o n
, ,

o n a ll Sid e s as m u c h a s y o u p le a fe t h e Wate r ,

t h at c am e by t hi s R ai n w o u ld b e a v e ry i n co n
.

fidcr a b l e p art o f w h at w a s n e c e ffar y fo r a D e

l u ge If it r a i n d F o rty D a ys an d F o tty Nig h ts
’

t h ro u g h o u t th e F ac e o f th e w h o l e E art h i n ,

t h e N o rt h e r n a n d S o u t h e r n He m i fp h e r e al l at
o n c e it m ig h t b e fu fl i ci e n t to l ay a ll t h e l o w e r
‘
,

G r o u n ds u n d e r Wa t e r b u t it w o u ld fig n i fy V e r y ,

l ittl e as to th e o v erfl o w i n g o f t h e Mo u n t a i n s .

Wh en c e an o th er Au t ho r u po n t h e fam e O c ,

c ah on h at h t h is Palfag e d a ft ea t , " .

4 . If th e D e l u g e h ad b e e n m ad e by R ai n s o n
.

ly t h e r e w o u ld n e t h a v e n e e d e d F o rty D ays
, ,

b u t F o rt y Y e ars R ai n to h av e br o u g h t it to
f A d i f w e lh o u ld fu fe th e w ho l e
p a s n .
pp o

m idd le R egi o n c o n den s d i n t o Wa t e r it w oul d

’

n o t at a ll h av e b een fu ffici e n t fo r t h is E ffe ét

‘ ‘

a cc o rdi n g to t h at Pr o p o rti o n fo m e m ak e b e;

t w nct A i r an d Wat e r fo r t h e y fay Ai r tu rn d

’

i n t o Wat e r tak es u p a h u n dre d t i m e s l efs Ro o m

t h an it did be fo r e Th e Tr u t h is w e m ay r ea
'
“
.
,

fo n ab ly fuppo fe t h at all t h e V ap o u rs o f th e m i d
,

dl e R egi o n w e r e t u r u d i n t o Wat e r i n t h is F o rty

’

D ays an d F o rty N igh t s Rai n i f w e a d m it th at , ,

th is R a i n w é s th r o u g h o u t t h e wh o l e E art h at
o n ce i n eith er Hem
'

i fp h er e i n ever y Z orle i n
'

t
, , ,

3‘
C 2 e v er y .
:
 The T
h eory of th e E A R r H .

e v ery C li m at e i n e v ery C o u n try i n Ev ery Pr o :

, ,

V i n c e i n e v ery Fi eld ; and y et w e fee w h at a

, .

fm all Pr o p o rti o n a ll t h is w o u ld am ou n t to .

H A v I N G d o n e t h en w it h th e fe fu p er io r
R e gi o n s w e ar e n e xt to e x am i n e th e i n feri o r
, ,

a n d th e T r ea fu r e s o f Wat e r t h at m ay b e h ad

t h e r e Mofes t ells u s t h at th e F o u n t ai n s o f,

t h e gr e at A b y fs w e r e br o k e o p en o r clov e a ,
~

fi m d er a,s t h e W o rd t h e r e u s d d o t h i m p ly ’

a n d
n o d o u bt i n t h is l a
y t h e gr e a t M y fl e r y o f t h e

D e l u g e as w il l app e ar w h en it c o m es to b e
,

rig h tly u n derfl o o d an d ex pl a i n ed ; b u t w e ar e

h e r e to c o n fider w h at is g e n e r ally u n der fio o d -

by th e gr eat d hjfi i n th e c o m m o n E x pl i cati

,

o n o f t h e D e l u g e ; and tis co m m o n ly i n t e r
’

r e te d e it h e r to b e th e S e a o r fu b ter r an e ou s
p ,

W at ers h id i n th e B o w e ls o f th e E art h Th e fe ,

t h ey fay br o k e fo rt h an d r ai s d th e Wat e rs
’

, ,

c aus d by th e R ai n t o fu c h an H e ig h t t h at to
’

, ,

g e t h e r t h e y o v e r fl o w e d t
-
h e h i g h e fi M o u n t ai n s .

Bu t w h et h e r o r h o w t h is co u ld b e de fe r ve s
,

t o b e a littl e e x am i n ed .

A N D i n th e fir li P lac e th e S e a is n o t h ig h e r ,

t h an th e L an d as fo m e h av e fo r m erl y im ag i n d
,
.
’

fan cyi n g th e S e a fl o o d as it w e r e u p o n a h e ap
, ,
'

h ig h e r t h an th e S h o r e ; an d at th e D e l u g e a R e
la x ati o n b e i n g m ad e it o v er fl o w d th e L an d
’

.
,

B u t t h is C o n c e it is (0 gr o fs a nd fo m u c h ag ai n fi: ,

R e afo n a n d Exp e ri e n c e t h at n o n e I t h i n k o f,

l at e h av e v e n t u r e d to mak e u fe o f i t An d y e t o n . ;

th e o t h e r H an d i f th e S e a l i e i n an eq u a l C o n
,
;

v ex i ty w it h t h e L a n d o r l o w e r g e n e r ally t h an
,

th e S h o r e an d m u c h m o r e t h an th e Midl an d as
, ,

I it
 The D ehtg e and Wh am” bf the E m a
‘
'

. 21

it is c ert ai n ly k n o w n to do wh at c o u ld th e S ea ,

c o n trib u t e to th e D e l u g e It w o u ld k e ep its
C h an n e l as it d o t h n o w an d t a k e u p th e fam e
, ,

Pl ac e An d (0 a l fo th e fu b ter r an eou s Wat e rs

w o u ld l i e q u i et i n t h e ir C e lls Wh atfo ev er F o u n .

r ai ns o r Palfag es y o u fu ppo fe th e fe w o u ld n o t ,

i fli te o u t u p o n t h e E art h for Wat e r do th n o t a f

,

c en d u n l e fs by F o rc e Bu t l et s i m agi n e t h en t h at
’

, .

F o rc e u s d an d apply d an d th e Wat e rs b o t h o f
’ ’

t h e S ea an d C av e r n s u n d e r G r o un d dr aw n o u t
u p o n th e S ur fa ce o f th e E art h w e {h all n o t b e ,

an y w h it th e n eare r fo r t h is ; fo r i fyo u t ak e th e fe
Wat ers o u t o f th e ir Pl ac es th o fe Pl ac e s m u ft b e ,
'

fill d ag ai n w it h Ot h e r Wat e rs i n th e D e l u g e (o
’ '

0 ,

a s t h is t u r n s to n o A cc o u n t up o n t h e w h o l e : If

y o u h av e t w o V e lfe ls t o fill a n d yo u e m pty o n e ,

t o fill th e o t h e r y o u ai n n o t h i n g by t h a t t h e r e
,
0
g ,

{ti ll r e m ai n s o n e V e lfe l e m pty y o u c an n o t h ave ,

t h e fe W at e rs b o t h i n th e S e a an d o n the L a nd ,
b o t h a b o v e G r o u n d a n d u n d e r n o r c an y o u .

fu pp o fe th e C h an n e l o f th e S e a w o u ld fl an d g ap
i n g wi t h o u t Wat e r w h e n all th e E a rth was o v e r
,

fl o w d a nd th e t o ps o f th e Mo u n t ai n s c o v e r d
’

,
’

A n d fo fo r fu b te r r an e o u s C aviti e s i f yo u (up ,

p o fe th e Wat e r p u m pt o u t t h e y w o u ld fu ck it i n ,

a g ai n w h e n th e E a rt h c a m e to b e l a id u n d e r W a

t er to t h at u p o n th e w h o l e i f yo u t h u s u n d e r ,

fi an d th e d hy/s o r g r ea t D eep an d th e br eak

,
‘
,

i n g o p e n its F ou nta i ns 1 n t h is m an n e r it d o t h ,

u s n o S e rvi ce a s to th e D e l u g e an d w h e r e w e ,

e x e éte d r e at elt S u pp l y t h r w fi d
p g e e e n, n o n e
at al l .

W HA T(h all w e do t h en Wh it h er {h all w e

'

C 3 g o
 The Th o y of
‘

e r th e E A R .

g o t o fin d m o r e th an (e v e n O c e an s o f Water
t h at w e fl i ll w an t ? We h av e b e en a b o v e and
b e lo w ; w e h av e dr ai n e d th e w h o le m iddl e
R e gi o n an d w e h av e e x am i n ed th e D ee ps o f
,

th e E art h ; t h e y m u fl w an t fo r th e mfe lv es ,

t h e y fay i f t h ey giv e u s a n y ; an d b efides i f

,
'

, ,

t h e E art h lh o u l d di f o r e a ll th e Wat e r t h at it
‘

g g
h at h i n its B o we l s i r w o u l d n ot am o u n t to
'

, .

a b o v e h al f an O c e an w h ic h w o u ld n o t at a ll ,

a n fw e r o u r O c ca fl o n s Mu h w e n o t t h en c o n .
.

e l u def th at th e c o m m o n Explic ati o n o f th e D e

l u g e m ak e s it i m p o fl i b l e Th e r e b e i n g n o fu c h
. .

l an ti ty o f Wat e r i n N a t ur e as t h ey m ak e
Q
r e q u i fit e fo r a n u n i v e r fal D e lu g e Y et t o giv e
t h e m all fair P l ay h avi n g e x am i n ed th e Wa
-
,
. r

t ers ab o v e th e E art h o r i n th e A i r th e Wat e rs ,

u p o n th e E art h an d th e Wat e rs u n d e r th e E art h ;

,

l e t u s alfo co n fl der i f t h e r e b e n o t Wat e rs a b o v e

th e H e a v en s a n d i f th o fe m ig h t n o t b e dr a w n
,

do wn fo r th e D e l u g e Mafi : fp eak s o f Wat e rs

,

a
.

Mov e th e F lr ma mertt w h ic h t h o u gh it b e g en e ,

r ally u n der fl o o d o f th e m iddl e R e gi o n o f th e

Ai r y e t fo m e h av e t h o u g h t th o fe to b e Wat e rs
,

l ac d a b o v e th e h i h elr H e av e n s o r S a b ele
’
’
p g pf r -

i a l Wat e rs ; an d h av e b e en w illi n g to m ak e
[ t
u fe o f t h em fo r a S u pply w h en t h e y c o u ld ,

n o t fin d Ma t e ri als en o u g h u n d er th e H e av e n s to
m ak e u p th e gr eat Ma fs o f th e D e l u g e Bu t th e .

H e av en s a b o v e w h e r e th e fe Wat e rs l ay ar e
, ,
(
,

e i th e r f o l i d o r fl u id ; i f fo li d as G lafs o r C r y ,

fial h ow c o u ld th e Wat e rs ge t t h r o u g h t h e m t o
,

d e fc en d u p o n th e E art h ? l f fl u id as th e A i r o r ,

di th er h o w cb uld th e Wat ers r ef: upo n t h em

, ,

for
 T l Ti olttti ort o
D elag e ana the E ar th
he fl f
‘
. 23

for Wat er is h e avi e r t h an Ai r o r H i t h er ? S o

th at I am afr aid , th o fe pu r e R e gi o n s w ill p ro v e
n o fit P l a c e fo r t h at E l e m e n t , u p o n an y A cc o u n t
‘
.

B u t f uppo fin g th e fe Wat ers t h er e, h o w i m agi n a

r y fo ev e r , a n d t h at t h e y w e r e br o u g h t d o w n
t o dr o w n th e Wor ld i n t h at v afi l an ti t y t h at
Q
w o u ld b e n e c eil ar y, wh at be c am e o f t h em , w h e n
'

the D e l u g e c e afed ? S e v e n o r e i g h t O c ean s o f

Wat er, w ith th e Eart h w r apt u p i n th e m iddl e

of t h em, h o w d i d it e v e r g et q u i t o f t h e m ?
HOW c o u l d t h e y b e di fpo s d o f wh en th e E arth
‘ ’

Was to b e dr y d, an d t h e Wo r ld r en ew d ? It
’ ’

w o ul d b e a h ard Task to l i ft t h e m u p ag ai n
‘

am o n g th e Sp h er e s , a nd w e h av e 11 0 R o om fo r
:

t h e m h e r e b el o w Th e Tr u th is, I m en ti o n th is
.
’

O pi n i on o f th e H e av e n ly Waters b ec au fe I ,

w o u ld o m it n o n e t h at h ad ev e r b e en m ad e u fe
o f, to m ak e g o o d th e c o mm o n Explic ati o n of
t h e D elu g e ; b u t o th e r w i fe , I th i n k , fin c e th e
S yfiem of th e Wor l d h at h b een b ett er k n o wn ,
'

'

an d th e N at u re of th e H e av e ns , th er e ar e n o n e
t h at w o u ld fer i o ufl y affer t th efe Sap er eelejl i a l -

Wat e rs, o r , at l e alt, m ak e u fe o f t h em fo e x

,
’

t r av a an tly, as to bri n g t h e m d o wn h it h e r fo r
‘

g
C au fe s o f th e D e l u g e .

W E h av e n o w e mplo y d o u r h it an d u tm o fi
’

E n d e av o u rs to fin d o u t Wat ers fo r th e v u lg ar
D e l u g e, o r fo r th e D e l u g e as c o m m o n ly u n
der fl o o d ; an d y o u fe e w it h h o w littl e S u cce fs
w e h av e l e ft n o C o r n e r u n fo u g h t , w h e r e t h er e
w a s a n y App e ar an c e o r R e p o rt o f Wat e r to
b e fo u n d , a n d y e t w e h av e n o t b e en abl e to
colleét th e ei hth p art o f wh at was n ecell ar y
‘

g -

C 4 u p on
24 Th Th e ry fe o o th e EAR r H
.

u p o n a m o d e r at e Acc o u n t May w e n o t t h en .

w it h A ffu r an c e c o n cl u d e t h at th e Wo rld h at h,

t ak e n w ro n g Mc alu r es h it h e rt o i n t h e ir N o ,

o n an d Explic ati o n o f th e g e n e r a l D e l u g e 2
t i

T
_

h e y m a k e it i m p o fl l b l q a n d u n i n t e l ligibl e u p
o n a d o u bl e A cc o u n t b o t h i n req u iri n g m o r e
,

Wat e r t h an c an b e fo u n d an d m o r e t h an c an ,

b e d1 fp o s d o f i f 1 t w as fo u n d ; o r c o u ld a n y w ay
’

b e w it h draw n fr o m th e E ar t h w h e n th e D e l u g e c7

lh o u ld e c afe F o r i f th e E art h w as e n com p afs d

.
’

w i th eig h t O c e a n s o f Wat e r h eapt o n e u p on

a n o t h e r h o w th e fe fh o u ld r etir e i n t o an y C h an
,

n e ls o r b e dr a i n d o ff o r th e E a rt h an y w ay di f
’

e n a d fr o mt h e m is n o t i n t e lligibl e ; a n d t h at
, ,
’

g g ,

i n l o ib o rt a ti e as fo m e Mo n th s z F o r th e
i
l
V i o l e n c e o f th gD e lu g e l afl e d b u t fo u r o r fiv e
'

Mo n t h s an d i n as m an y Mo n t h s aft e r th e E art h
‘

w as dry a n d h abit abl e S o as u p o n th e wh o le

.

E nq u iry w e c a n n e it h e r fin d S o u r ce n o r Ifi u e
, ,

Be gi n n i n g n o r En di n g fo r fu c h an ex c e fl i ve Mafs
,

o f W at e rs as th e v u lg ar D e l u g e r e q u ir e d n e it h e r ,

w he r e t o h av e t h e m n o r i f w e h ad t h em h o w
, ,

to g et q u it o f t h e m A n d I t h i n k Me n c a n
.

n O t do a g r e a t e r I n j u ry o r In j u fl i c e to S a cr e d

Hi fl o r y t h an to giv e fu ch R ep r e fe n tati o n s o f
,

t h i n gs r e c o rd e d t h e r e as m ak e t h e m u n m telli
,

i b l c a n d i n cr edibl e ; an d o n th e o t h e r H an d
g l
,

w e c an n o t de fe r v e b e tt e r o f R el 1 g i o n a n d Pr o
v i de n c e t h a n by givi n g fu c h fa ir Acc o u n ts o f a ll
,

t h i n gs p i o po fe d o y t h em o r b el o n gi ng to t h em
'
, ,

as m a fi l e n c e th e C avils o f A th e i li s l ati s fv th e
y ,

Inq u i fiti v e a n d r e c o m m e n d t h e m to th e Be
,

l
v i e f a n d A cc ept an c e o f all r e afon ab l e Pe r i o n s .

C HA P
2 3 Th e Theorj of th e E A R Tn J '

r e fill e d : We w il l n o t th er efo re Oppo fe any th i ng

to t h em t h at is h ard an d fl u b b o r n b u t by a fo ft ,

An fw er d ead e n t h e ir F o rc e by d eg re e s .

A N r) I dc fir e to m i n d th o fe Pe r fo n s i n the ,

fir fl P lac e o f w h at St Aafii n h at h faid u p o n a

, .

l ik e Oc c afi o n ( p eak i n g c o n c er n i n g t h o le t h at
,

di fpr o v e d t h e Opi n i o n o f Wat e rs ab o v e th e

H e av e n s (w h ic h w e m e n ti o n d b efo re ) by n a ’

t u r al R e afo n s We ar e n o t fait h h e to te
.
, ,

fu t e th o fe Per fo n s by fayi ng t h at a cc o rd
, ,

i ng to th e O m n ipo t e n c e o f Go d r o w h o m , .

a ll t h i n gs a r e p o fii b le w e o u g h t to b e li e v e
‘

, ,

t h e r e are Wat ers t h e re as h e avy as w e k n o w,

an d fe e l t h e m h er e b e l o w ; fo r o u r Bu fin e fs
is n o w to e nqu ir e a cco rdi n g to h i s Script ur e ,

h o w G o d h at h c o n fi i tu t ed th e N at u r e o f
Th i n gs an d 11 o t w h at h e c o u ld do o r w o rk
,
-

i n th e fe Th i n gs by a Mir ac l e o f O m n ip o
t e n cy . I defir e t h em to apply th is to th e
r e fen t Arg u m en t fo r th e fir fl A n fw er
p .

Secona l ’
L E T t h e m c o n fi d e r t h at Mofes ,

h at h afli g n d C au fes o f th e D e lu g e ; F or t} fl oj s
’

R a i n a nd th e fl ifi ap ti on of th e fl hjfi ; an d
,

fp e ak s n o t h i n g o f a n e w C r e ati o n o f W at e r
u p o n t h a t O c c afio n Th o fe w er e C au fes i n
.

N at u r e w h ic h Pr o vid en c e h ad t h e n di fpo s d ’

fo r t h is e xtr ao rdi n ar y Effeéi a n d th o fe th e Di ,

v i n e Hi fl o r i an r e fe rs u s to a n d n o t to a n y ,

Pr o du éti o ns o u t o f n o t h i n g Befi des Mofi s .

,

m ak e s th e D e l u g e i n cr e afe by d egr e e s w it h
t h e R ai n an d a cc o rdi n gly m ak e s i t c eafe by
,

d egr e e s a nd t h at th e Wat ers g oi ng ana r etu r n

,
’

i n as th e Wav es an d g r eat C o m moti ons o f th e

g H M " h

Sea
 The D ehig e and fl
‘

j
z t
i on of th e E a r th
olu
'

. 27

Se a u fe to do , r et i r d le i fu r e ly fr o m th e F a c e o f
‘ ’
c
,

t h e E art h , an d fe ttl ed at l e n g th i n t h e ir C h a n
n e ls. No w t h is m an n e r o f th e Beg m n i n g o r k

C eali ng o f th e D elu g e do rh no t at a ll agr ee

,

Wit h th e i n fian tan e ou s Aé ri o n s o f C r e ati o n

’

a n d An n i h il ati o n

T
.

T
h i r d! L E t h e m co n fider , t h at S ai n t et er T
h at h al fo afii gn d Catt/ es o f th e D e lu g e, 2 et 3
’
. T . .

n am e ly t h e p a rtic u lar C o n fi i tu ti on o f th e
,

E art h an d H e aven s b efo r e th e F lo o d ; by r eefer:

fait h , th e e d th a t w a s th en pe
g t
a D eltt e a tter 5 an d n o t by r e a fo n
‘

o f a n e w C r e ati o n o f Wat e r His o rds a r e

. W
t h e fe Th e H e av en s an d th e E art h we r e o fo l d,
c o n fifti n o f
g W at e r, a n d by W ate r ; w h er e by,

o r by r eafo n w h er eo f, t h e Wo r ld t h at t h en
1

Was , b e i n g o ver fl o w e d w ith ate r,

p W
e r i lh e d .

F om th l} , Th e y ar e to c o n fide r , t h at as w e ar e
n o r r alh ly to h av e r e c o u r fe to th e Divi n e O m n i

p o t e n c e u p o n an y A cc o u n t , fo e f e ci a ll y n o t
p
fo r ne w C r e at i o n s 5 a n d l e afi o f all fo r th e C r e ~

a ti o n o f n e w Matt er Th e Matt e r o f th e U n i
.

ver fe was cr e at e d m an y Ag e s b e fo r e th e Fl o o d ,
an d th e U n i v er fe b ei n g fu ll , i f an y m o r e w as

c r eat e d , t h e n t h er e m u tt b e as m u c h a n n i h i la t ~

e d at th e fam e ti m e to m ak e R o o m fo r it ; fo r

B o di e s can no t p e n etr at e o n e an o th e r s D i m e n fi ’

0 13 3, n o r b e t wo o r m o r e w it h i n o n e a n d th e fa m e

Sp ac e Th e n , o n th e O t h e r H an d , w h e n th e D e
.

l u g e c e as d, an d th e fe Wat e rs w e r e an n i h il at e d ,
’

fo m u c h o t h e r Matt e r m u lt b e cr e at e d ag ai n to
’

t ak e u p t h e ir Pl ac e s An d m e t h i n ks t h e y m ak e
v er y b ol d w it h th e D eity , whe n t h ey m ak e h im
do
 8 Th e Th eegy éf th e E A R T H .

do an d u n d o g o fo r w ard an d b ack w ards by fu ch

,

c o u n t erm arc h es an d r etr aétio n s as w e do n o t w il ,

i

l in g ly i m p u t e to th e Wi fdo m o f G o d A l m ig h ty .

L A s T L Y I {h al l n o t t h i n k m y L a b o u r lo ll ;
,

i f it b e b u t ac k n o w le dg d t h at w e h av e (0 far
’

c le ar d th e Wa i n t h is C o n tr o v er fy a s to h av e
’

y ,

br o u g h t it to t h is Mi n e 5 t h at e it h e r t h er e m u ft b e
n e w Wa t e rs cr e at e d o n u r po fe to m ak e a D e
p
l u g e o r t h e r e c o u ld b e n o D e l u g e as it is v u lg ar
,

l y e xpl ai n e d ; t h e r e n o t b e i n g Wat e r fu fli c i en t
i n N at u r e to m a k e a D e l u g e o f t h at ki n d Th is .
,

I fay is a gr e at fie p an d I th i n k w i ll fati s fy all

, , , ,

P arti es at leaft all t h a t ar e co n fider ab le fo r

, ,
‘

t h o fe t h at h av e r e c o u r fe t o a n ew C r e at i o n o f

Wat e rs ar e o f two fo rts e it h e r fu ch as d o it o u t

, ,

o f L az i n e fs an d Ig n o r an c e o r fu c h as do it o u t
, ,

o f N e c e ffit fe i n g t h e y c a n n o t b e h ad o t h e r
y e
,

w i fe ; as fo r the fir fi th e y ar e n o t t o b e v a l u e d
,

or gr ati fie d ; an d as fo r t h e fe co n d Ilh all do a ,

th i n g v e ry a cc ept abl e to t h e m i f I fr ee t h e m an d ,

th e A rg u m e n t fr o m t h at N e c e fl i ty ; a n d fh e w a

wa y o f m aki n g th e D e l u g e fa irly i n t e lligibl e a n d ,

a cc o u n t a bl e w it h o u t th e C r e ati o n o f n e w W a

t ers ; w h ich i s th e D eli g n o f t h is Tr e ati fe F o r .

w e do n o t ti e t h is K n o t w it h a n I n t e n ti o n to
p u z z l e an d p erpl e x th e Arg u m e n t fin al ly w it h i t;
b u t th e h ard e r it is ty d w e {h all fe e l th e Pl e a
’

(a r e m o r e fen frb ly w h e n w e c o m e to lo o fe it .

I I m ay b e w h en t h e y ar e b eat en fr o m t h is
,

n e w C r e ati o n o f Wat e r t h e y w ill fay th e E le

, ,

m e nt o f A i r w as c h an g d i n t o Wat e r an d t h at
’

w as t h e gr e at St o r e h ou fe fo r t h e D e lu g e
-
.

Po rty D ays Rai n w e allow as Mojes d o es b u t , ,

if
 Th e D ehtg e a nd Tifl h htti en
‘
f
e th e E a r th .

i f t h e y fu ppo fe an y o t h er Tr an fe le m en ta tio n ,
it n e it h er agr e e s w it h Mofes s Ph i lo fo ph y, n o r
’

St Qeter s ; fo r t h en th e Op eni ng of th e d hjfi

.
’ ’
'

w as n eedle fs , an d th e F o r m an d C o n fii tu ti o n o f
t h e An t e dil u vi an Hea v ens an d E a r th , w h ic h

T
St eter r efers th e D e l u g e to , b o r e n o p art in
.

th e W o rk it m ig h t h av e b e e n m ad e, i n t h at
w ay, i n di ffe r e n tly u n d e r an y H eav e n s , o r E ar t h .

Be fide s , th ey o fi e n d ag ai n ft S a d a/ti ne R u l e i n
'

t h is Met h o d to o ; fo r I lo o k u p o n it as n o l efs
a Mi r a cl e to t u r n Ai r i n t o Wa t e r , t h an t o t u r n

Wat er i n t o Wi n e Ai r , I fay F o r V ap o u rs
.

i n d ee d ar e b u t Wat e r m ad e v o l ati le ; b u t p u r e
A i r is a B o dy o f a n o t h e r Sp e ci e s , an d c ann o t
by an y C o mpr e fii o n o r C o n den fati o n , fo far a s
is y et k n o wn , b e ch an g d i n t o Wat e r A n d l att
’

th e w h o l e Atm o fph e r e w as tu r n d i n t o
’

W at e r, tis v ery pr o ba bl e it w o u l d m ak e n o
’

m o r e t h an 3 4 F 0 0 t o r t h e r e ab o u ts , fo r fo m u c h
A i r o r V apours as ts o f th e fa m e w e ig h t w ith
an y c e rt ai n u an tity o f Wat e r, tis lik e ly , 1 f 1 t
Q
w as ch an g d i n t o Wat e r , w o u ld a l fo b e o f th e
’

fam e B u l k w it h it, o r n o t m u c h m o r e No w
acc o rdin g to t h e D o ctri n e o f t h e G r av i t ati o n o f
’

t h e Atm o fp h e r e , tis fo u n d , th at 3 4 Po o r o f
’
.

Wat e r d o e s c o u n ter b allan ce a pr opo rti o n abl e

,

C yli n d e r o f Ai r r e ach i n g t o the to p o f th e Ar

m o fp h er e ; an d c o n fe q u en tly, i f th e w h o l e Ar
m o fph er e w as c o n ve rt e d i n t o \Vat e r , it w o u ld
m ak e n o m o r e , t h an e l e v e n o r t w e lv e Y ards
.
-

Wat e r ab ou t th e E art h ; wh ic h th e C av iti e s

. ,

o f t h e E art h w o u ld b e a bl e i n a g o o d m ea fu r e

to fu ck u p; at l e af} t h is IS v e ry i n co n fider ab le as

to
so Th e Th o y f the E A R r
e r o 1 1:
to o u r e ig h t O c ean s An d i f yo u w o u ld c han g e
.

t h e h ig h e r R egi o n s i n t o Wat e r to o w h at m u tt ,

fu p ply th e Pl ac e o f t h at Ai r w h ich y o u tr an s fo r m
’

i n t o Wat e r an d bri n g d o w n u p o n t h e E art h ?

,
’

Th er e w o u ld b e li ttl e l e ft b u t Fir e an d fE th er
b e t w i x t u s an d th e Mo o n an d I am afr aid it ,

w o u l d e n d an g e r t o fu ck d o wn th e Mo o n t oo
a ft e r it .In a Wo rd fu c h a n Exp l ic ati o n as t h is
,

i s b o t h p u r e ly i m agi n ary an d a l fo v ery o p er o fe

, ,

a n d w o u l d affe ét a gr e at p art o f th e U n i v e r fe ;

a n d a ft e r all t h e y w o u ld b e as h ard t t it t
, p u o o

g e t rid o f t h is Wat e r w h e n t h e D e l u g e w as to
,

e c afe , as t h e y w e r e a t fitfi t o pr o c u r e it .

H A V 1 N G n o w e x am i n d an d an fw e r e d al l th e ’

Pl e as fr o m fir fi to l afi fo r th e v u lg ar D elu g e o r
, , ,

th e o l d w ay o f e x pl ai n i n g it w e fh o u l d pr o c e e d ,

i m m e di at e ly to p r o p o fe an o t h e r Met h o d a n d ,

a n o t h e r G r o u n d fo r an u n i v e r fal D el u g e w e r e ,

i t n o t t h at an O pi n i o n h at h b e e n Ptar te d by fo m e

o f l at e t h at w o u ld i n effe c
, t fu ppl an t b o t h th e fe
Me t h o ds o ld an d n e w an d t ak e aw ay i n a gr eat
, ,

m e a fu re th e S u b je Ct o f t h e Qtefi i o n So m e Mo .

d e r n Au t h o rs o b fer v i ng w h at fir ai ts t h e y h av e
b ee n pu t to i n al l Ag es t o fin d o u t Wat er e n o u g h
,

fo r Noa h s Fl o o d h av e v e n tu r d u po n an Ex p e
’ ’
~
,

d i e n t m o r e brisk an d b o l d t h an a n y o f th e A n a

c i en ts du r l t V e n t u r e u p o n Th e y fay N oa h s
’ ’

Fl o o d w as n o t U n iv er fal b ut a N ati o n al I n u n d a
,

ti o n co nfin d to j a a ea a n d t h o fe C o u n tri es
,
’
’ ’
,

t h e r e ab o u ts ; an d c o n feq u e ntly t h er e w o u ld n o t ,

b e fo m u c h Wat e r n ec effa r y for th e G au fe o f

i t as w e h av e pr o v d to b e n e c elT ar y fo r a n
’
‘

U n i ver fal D elug e o f t h at ki nd Th e ir In fe .

'

r en c e
 Th e fl ehtg e and fl ifi vlttti ort of the E a r th .
gr

te n ec is v ery t ru e th ey h av e av oid ed t h at R oc k
, ,

b u t t hey r un U p o n anothe r no lefs d ang er o u s

t o av o id an O b jeéti o n fr o m Re afon t h e y d e n y ,

matt er o f Fai l and fuch ma tter o f F aét as i s

, .

w ell attefic i by H i fior y b Oth Sacr ed an d Pr o

c ,

p hane I believ e the Authors that fet u p t h is

.

Op i n i o n w ere not th e mfelv es fati s fy d w it h

’
’
,

i t ; b ut fee i ng i n fup e r ab le Di lh eu lt i es i n th e u

o ld Way t h ey are th e mor e exc u fab l e i n Ch u f

, t

i ng as t h e y t houg h t o f t wo Evils t h e l e fs
‘

, , .

“
B U Tth e Choi ce methi nks is as b ad o n t h i s , ,

Hand i f all th i ng s b e co nfider ed ; Mofir r ept e

y .
e
s

fents th e Flo od o f Noa h as an O v e rt h r o w an d

D e firuéti on o f t h e w h ol e Eart h ; an d w h o c an
i magi ne that i n fixteen or fev en teen h u n dr e d
, ,

Y e ars ti m e (t aki n g the lo wer C h ron o lo gy t h at

,

t h e E art h h ad t h e n fl o o d Man ki n d lh o u l d b e ,

pr o p ag at ed n o farth e r th an y a aea o r fo m e ’
,

n e ig h b ou ri n g C o u n tri es t h e r ea b o u ts ? A ft e r th e
F lo o d w h en th e Wo r ld w as r en e w d ag ai n by
,
’

e i g h t Per fo n s t h e y h ad mad e a far gr eat e r Pr o

,

g re fs 1 n Afi a E u r o
p e ,and d
fi i ea w it h i n, th e ,

fame {p ace of Y e ars an d y et tis lik e ly t h ey w e r e

’

m o r e fr u i tful i n the fir ft Ag e s o f th e Wo rld

’
,

t h an aft er the Fl o od 5 an d t h ey li v d fi x fey en

’

, ,

e ig h t n i n e h u n dr e d Y e ars a Pi e c e g e tti n g S o n s
, ,

an d D au g h ters Wh ich L on g e vity of th e fir fi

.

I nh ab itan ts o f th e Eart h feems to h av e b e en

.

p ro vid enti ally de fig n d for th e q u ick er Mu lti p l i’

.

cati o n an d P r o p ag ati o n o f Man k i n d a nd Man

ki n d t hereby wo u ld b eco me fo n u m e r o u s
Wit h i n fix teen hundtcd Y e ar s th at t h er e fe em s '
,

to me to b e a g r eater: Diffic ulty fr om th e Mu l

ti ra d e
 X .

'
t i tu de o f th e P eopl e t h at w o u ld b e b efo r e th e
Fl o o d t h an fro m th e w an t o f P eo pl e F o r i f w e:
, .

a ll o w t h e fir ft C o u p l e a t th e En d o f on e h u n dr e d
'

Y ears o r o f th e fir ft C en t u ry , to h av e l eft te n
,
“
Pair o f Br e e d e r s w h i c h is n o h ard S u ppo fiti
,

t h e r e w o u l d ari fe fr o m th efe i n fifte en t

‘

on , ,
"
h u n dr e d Y e ars a gr e at e r N u m b er t h an th e E art h
,

w as c ap abl e o f ; allo w i n g e v ery P air to m u lti

l h f m d c pl Pr p rti h fi f P air ’ '

p y i n t e a e e u e o o o n t e r t

did Bu t b ecau fe t h is wo u ld ri fe far b ey o n d th e

.

C ap aciti e s o f t h is E art h l e t u s fu pp o fe t h em to
'

i n cr eafe i n th e fo llo wi n g C e n t u ri e s i n a q u i n
, ,

t u p le Pro p o rti o n o n ly o r i f y b u w ill , o n l y i n

, ,

a q u adr u pl e ; a n d t h e n th e T ab l e o f th e Mu lt i

p licatio n o f Man ki n d fro m th e C r eation to

,
’

th e F l o o d w o u l d frau d t h u s ;
’
,

“
65 5 3 6 5
‘

2 62 1 4 4 0
1 04 8 5 6
7 0
5

4 1 94 3 0 4 0
1 6777 2 1 66
‘

6 7 1 0 8 8 64 0
‘

2 6 84 3 5 4 5 60
r o 7j o
’

8
‘

z a t 24

Th is Pr o du ét is to o e x c e fli v e h ig h i f c o mp ar d
‘

,
’

w it h t h e pr e fen t n u m b e r o f Me n u p o n th e F a c e
o f th e E art h w h ic h I th i n k is co m m o n ly efii i
, , ,
-

m at e d to b e b e t w ixt t h r ee a n d fo u r h u n d re d
Mi l li o n s ; an d y et t h is Pr o p o rti o n o f t h e i r In
c r e a fe fe e m s to b e l o w e no u g h i f w e t ak e o n e
,

Pr o p orti o n fo r all th e C en t u ri es ; fo r i n r eality ,

th e
 Th e Th eory of EARTH th e
’

3 4, .

l arg e V e ffe l w i th R o o m s fo r th e R e c epti o n an d

, ,

A cc o mm o d ati o n o f Be afts a n d Birds ? An d n o w

I m e n ti o n B ir ds w h y c o u ld n o t t h e y at l e afth av e
,

fl o w n i n t o th e n ext dry C o u n try ? Th ey m ig h t

h av e p e ar c h d u p o n th e Tr e es a n d th e t o ps o f
'

t h e Mo u n t ai n s b y th e w ay to h av e r e fte d t h e m
fe l v e s i f t h e y w e r e w e ary fo r th e Wat e rs did ,

n o t all o f a fu dde n ri fe to t h e Mo u n t ai n s t o ps .

I c an n o t b u t l oo k u p o n th e D e l u g e as a m u c h
m o r e c o n fide r ab le t h i n g t h an th e fe Au t h o rs
w o u d r e pr e fe n t it a n d as a ki n d o f D i fl b lu ti o n
’

o f N atu r e ; M fi es c a l ls it a defi r o y i n o f th e E a r th
o g ,

as w e ll as o f Man ki n d Gen 6 1 3 A n d th e
, . . .

Bo w w as fe t i n th e C l o u d to fe al th e C o v en an t ,

th e E a r th no
’ ’
th a t h e w onla j
ae
fi ro mor e, Gen .

9 I I o r t h at t h e r e {h o u ld b e n o m o r e a F loo d
. .

t o J effr ey th e E a r th A n d tis fa id , Verfe 1 3

’

. .

Th at t h e C o v en an t w as m ad e b e t w e en Go d a n d
th e E art h , o r t h is Fr am e o f N at u r e , t h at it
ih o u l d p er i lh n o m o r e by Wat e r A n d th e .

R a i n Bo w, w h ic h w as a To k en an d P l edg e o f
-

t h is C o v en ant app ears n o t o n ly i n y ndea , o r

,

fo m e o t h e r Afia ti eh Pr o vi n c e s , b u t to all th e
R egi o n s o f th e E art h , w h o h ad an e qu al S h ar e
a n d C o n c e r n i n it Mofes fait h al fo , th e F o u n
.

t ai n s o f th e gr e at Ahjji w er e b u r lt afu n de r to
’ ‘

m ak e th e D e l u g e ; an d w h at m e an s t h is d hj fi ,
a n d th e b u r fii n g o f it , i f r eftr a i n d to y u a ea ,
’ ’

o r fo m e adj a c en t C o u n tri e s ? Wh at App e ar an c e

i s t h er e o f t h is D i fr u pti o n th er e, m o r e t h an i n
O t h e r Pl ac e s ? F u rt h e r m o r e , St T eter pl a i n ly .

i m pli e s , 2 Ep ijz e 5 6 Th at th e An te di lu
.
‘
. . . .

v i an H eav en s a n d E ar t h er i fh ed tn th e D el u g e ;
p
an d
 Th T lg e e e an f dfl fi
z l h a t on o
35 i th e E a r th .

an d o pp o fe th th e p r e fe n t E art h an d H e a v e n s

t o t h em as di ffe r en t an d o f an o t h e r C o n fti r u
,

ti o n an d faith t h at t h e fe lh all p er i lh by Fir e

, ,

as t h e o t h e r p er i lh e d by Wat e r So h e c o m .
e

p ar e s th e c o n fl ag r atio n w it h th e D e l u g e as t w o ,

g e n e r a l D i ffo lu ti o n s o f N at u r e an d o n e m ay ,

a s w e l l fay t h at t h e C o n fia r ari o n lh al l b e o n l
, g y
N ati o n al an d b u t tw o o r t h re e C o u n tri e s b u r n t
,

i n t h at l aft Fir e as to fay t h at th e D e l u g e w a s

, ,

fo I c o n fe fs t h at D i fc o u r fe o f St Peter c o n
. .
‘
,

c e rn i n g th e fev er al St at e s o f th e Wo r ld w o u ld ,

fu fli c i e n tl y c o n vi n c e m e i f t h e r e w as n o t h i n g
,

e l fe Th at th e D e l u g e w as n o t a p artic u l ar o r
, ,

n ati o n al I n u n da ti o n b u t a munda ne C h an g e , ,

t h at e xt en d e d to th e w h o l e E ar t h an d b o t h to ,

th e ( l o w er ) H e av en s an d E art h .

AL L A n tiq u ity w e k n o w h at h fp o k e o fth e fe

, ,

m u n dan e R e v o lu tio n s o r P e ri o ds t h at th eWo r ld ,

lh o u ld b e fu cc e fii v e ly deftr o y e d by Wat e r an d ’
’

Fire and I do n o r d o u bt b u t t h at t h is D e l u g e ,

o f N oa h s w h ic h Mo es de fc r i b es w as t h e fi fl:
f
’

, ,
r

a n d l e adi n g In ftan c e o f t h is ki n d ; a n d a cco rd

i n g ly w e fe e t h at aft e r t h is P e ri o d an d aft e r t h e ,

Fl o o d th e Ble f fin g for Mu ltiplic ati o n an d fo r

, ,

r ep le n i lh i n g t h e E art h w it h I n h abit an ts w as as ,

fo l em n ly pr o n o u n c d by G o d A l m ig h ty as at
’

t h e fir ft C r e ati o n o f Man Gen 9 I w it h Gen , . . .

1. 28 Th e fe C o nfider ati o n s I th i n k m ig h t b e
.
, ,

fu ffic i e n t to giv e u s Affu r an c e fr o m Divi n e W ri t

o f th e U n i v e r fal i ty o f t h e D e l u g e ; an d y e t Mo es
f
affo rds u s an o t h e r Arg u me n t a s de m o n fir ar i v e

a s a ny w h en i n th e Hi lto r y o f the D e l u g e h e
, ,

fait h Gen 7 1 9 T
, h e Wa ter s ex ceedi ng ly p r e
. . .
/ s

D 2 1 74 1 ]d
.
 T
h Th eo y f
e r o th e E A R I HI ‘

v a i l a u on th eE a r th , a nd a ll th e h i h Hi ll!
g
’
’
p
‘

th a t w er e u nder th e w h ole Heav en s w er e cov er

e d A ll th e h ig h Hills , h e fait h , u n der th e w h ole
.

Hea v ens , t h e n q u it e r o u n d th e E art h ; an d i f th e

Mo u n t ai n s w e r e c o v er ed q u it e r o u n d th e E art h ,
f ur e t h e P l ai n s c o u ld n o t fc ape Bu t to arg u e
.

w it h t h e m u p o n t h e ir o w n G r o u n ds : L et u s
fu ppo fe o n ly th e Afl a ti eh an d Ar meni a n Mo u n
W
t ai n s c o v e r e d w it h th e fe at e rs, t h is t h e y c an
n o r d en y ; t h en u n le fs t h er e w as a Mir a c le to

k e ep th efe W at e rs u p o n H eaps , t h e y w o u ld fl o w

t h r o u g h o u t th e E a rt h fo r th e fe Mo u n t ai n s ar e
h ig h e n o u g h to m ak e t h e m fa ll ev e ry w ay, an d
m ak e t h e m j o i n w it h o u r S e a s t h at e n vir o n th e
C o n ti ne n t . We c an n o t i m agi n e Hills an d Mo u n

t ai n s o f Wat e r to h av e h u n g a b o u t j a dea ,
a s i f t h e y w e r e c o n g e a l d, o r a Ma fs o f
’

Water

t o h av e fl o o d u p o n th e m iddl e o f th e E a rt h l ik e

o n e gr e at Dr o p , o r a tr e m b l i n g e lly , a n d a ll th e
j
P l ac e s a b o u t it dry an d u n r o u ch d All liq u id
’

Bo di e s ar e di ffu ftve fo r t h e ir P arts b ei n g i n MO

ti o n h av e n o Ti e o r C o n n e xi o n o n e w it h an o
t h e r , b u t glid e an d fall o ff an y w ay, as Gr avity
a n d t h e Ai r p r e ffe th t h e m ; fo t h e S u r fac e o f
W at e r d o t h al w ays c o n fo r m i n t o a Sp h e ric al

C o n v e xity w it h th e r efi o f th e G l o b e o f th e
E art h , an d e v e ry p art o f it fa lls as n e ar t o th e
C e n t e r as it c an w h e r efo r e w h e n th e fe W
at e rs

b eg an to ri fe at firi c, l o n g b efo r e t h e y c o u d
’ ’

fw e l l to t h e h e ig h t o f th e Mo u n t ai n s , t h e y
w o u ld di ffu fe th e m fe l v es e v e ry w ay, an d t h er e
u p o n a ll t h e V a ll e ys an d Pl ai n s , a n d l o w e r P a rts

o f t h e E art h wo u ld b e filled t h r o u g h o u t t h e

w h o le
 Th e D elng e
‘
a nd fl ifl h lnti on f
o th e E a th r . 37

w h o le E art h , b efo r e t h e y c o u d ri fe to t h e To ps
’

o f th e Mo u n t ai n s i n a n y P a rt o f it A n d th e
S e a w o u ld b e all r a i fe d t o a co n fide r ab le
.

h e ig h t b efo r e th e Mo u n t ai n s c o u ld b e c o v e r
ed . F or l et u s fuppo fe, as t h e y do , t h at t h is
Wat e r fel l n o t t h ro u g h o u t th e w h o l e E art h ,
b u t i n fo m e p artic u l ar C o u n try , an d th cr e
m ad e fir ft a gr eat L ak e ; t h is L ak e w h e n it b e
’

u t o f w e ll w o u ld e v e ry w ay di fc h ar g e it fe l f
g n

by any D efce n ts o r D e cliviti es o f th e G r o u n d ,

a n d th e fe Ifiu e s an d D eriv ati o n s b e i n g o n c e m ad e
‘

a n d fu p pl y d w it h n e w
’

W at e rs p u lh i n g th e m

fo r wards , w o u ld c o n ti n u e t h eir Co u r fe ril l

’

t h e y arrive d at th e Se a, juft as o t h e r R iv ers do ;

’

fo r th e fe w o u ld b e b u t fo m an y R iv e rs r i fin g
o u t o f t h is L a k e, an d w o u ld n o t b e c o n fide r a
.

bly d eep e r an d h igh e r at th e F o u n t ai n t h an i n

t h eir Pr o g refs o r at th e Se a, W e m ay as w e l l

t h e n expeét t h at th e L ema n L ak e , fo r i n ftan ce,

’

o u t o f w h ic h th e Rh one r u n s , {h o u ld fwe ll to

th e T o ps o f th e fl os o n t h e o n e H an d , a n d
h
th e Mo u n t a i n s o f Sw i tz er la nd a n d B nr nndy
g
o n t h e o t he r , an d t h en P ro p , w it h o u t o v er fl o w

i n g th e pl ai n e r C o u n tri e s t h at l i e b e y o n d t h e m ;
as to fu p o fe t h at t h is Dil u vi an L ak e {h o u l d
p
r i fe to th e Mo u n t ai n s T o ps -
i n o n e Pl ac e , an d
n o t di ffu fe it fe lf e q u ally i n to a ll C o u n tri e s

a b o u t , a n d u p o n th e S u r fa c e o f t h e S e a ; in
Pr o p o rti o n to its H e ig h t an d D ep t h i n th e
Pl a c e w h e r e it fir fi fe l l o r fl o o d .

THU 5 m uc h fo r S acr e d Hi ll o r y Th e U n iv er
.

fali ty of th e D e l u g e is a l fo atte fl e d by Pro fan e Hi

t l or y ; for th e Fam e o f it is g o ne t hr o th e E art h ,

’

D 3 a nd
 Th e Th eory f o th eE AR TH .

a n d t h e r e ar e R e c o rds o r T r aditi o n s c o n c e r n i n g '

i t i n all P arts o f t h is an d th e n e w fo u n d Wo rld

, 7 .

Th e fl rner i ea ns do a ck n o w l edg e an d fpe ak o f

i t i n t h e 1 r C o n ti n e n t as A eofl a w i tn effe th an d
, ,

L a et i n t h e ir Hi lto r i es o f t h e m Ma r t Th e Ch i
. .

nefi s h av e t h e Tr aditi o n o fi t w h ic h is t h e far

’
,

t h e ft p a r t o f o u r C o n ti n e n t ; an d th e n e ar e r an d
Wefte r n p art o f fl /ia is ac k n o w l edg d th e p r o ’

er S e at o f it N o r to m e n t o n {D er/ t a li on s D e
’

p . i

l u g e i n th e E u r op ea n P arts w h ic h fe e m s to b e
,

t h e fa m e u n d e r a di f u i fe : S o as y o u m ay tr ac e
g
th e D e l u g e q u it e r o u n d t h e G l o b e i n pr o fan e Hi
h o ry ; an d w h ic h is r em ark abl e e v e ry o n e o f
, ,

t h e fe P e o pl e h av e a T a l e t o t e l l fo m e o n e w ay
, ,

fo m e a n o t h e r c o n c er n i n g th e R efrau r ati on o f
,

Man ki n d w h ich is an Arg u m en t t h at t h e y

t h o u gh t all Man ki n d de fir o y d by t h at D e l u g e
’

In th e o l d D i fp u te b et we en th e Scy th i a ns an d th e
(E g ypti a ns fo r An tiq u ity w h ic h f er/ti n m e n
,

ti o n s t h e y r efe r to a fo r m e r D cftr u d i on o f th e
,
’

Wo rld by Wat er o r Fir e an d ar g u e w h e th er Na

, ,

ti o n fir ft t o fe ag ai n an d w as o rigi n al to th e o t h e r
,
.

S o th e B a hj loni ans , fl fly r i a ns , T
h orni ei a ns an d
o t h e rs , m e n ti o n th e D e l u g e i n t h e ir S to ri e s An d

w e c an n o t w it h o u t o ffe ri n g Vi o l e n c e to a ll R e
c o rds an d A u t h o rity , Divi n e an d H u m an , d e n y,
t h at t h e1 e h at h b ee n an u n i v er fal D e l u g e u p o n
th e E ar t h ; an d i f th er e w as an u n i v e r fa l D e l u g e,
n o q u e fl i o n it w a s t h at o f N oa h s , an d t h a t
’

w h ic h Mofes defc r i b d, an d t h at wh i ch w e tr e at
’

o f at p r e fe n t .

T E E
H s C o nfider ati o n s , I t h i nk, ar e ab u n
dau t l y fuffici ent to fi l en c e t h at O pi n i on , co n
c ern i ng
 The D ‘
lg
e n e an d fDifl olnti on of
'

the E ar th .
39

cern i n g th e L i m it ati o n an d R e fl r i éi i o n o f th e
D e l u g e to a p artic u l ar C o u n try o r C o u n tri es .

It o u g h t r at h e r to b e l o o k d u p o n as an Ev afion ’

i n d eed t h an O pi n i o n fe ei n g th e Au t h o rs do
, ,

n o r o ff e r an fi t i A rg m t f t h e Pr o o f
y p o v e u e n o r

o f it , b u t d e p e n d o n ly u p o n t h at n eg ativ e A r
g u m e nt T h
, at a n u n i v e r fa l D e l u g e is a T h i ng
‘

u n i n te lligib l e Th is St u m b li n g fro n e we h o p e
.
-

to t a k e aw ay for th e fu t u r e a n d t h at Me n {h al l ,

n or b e
p u t to t h at u n h a ppy C h o ic e e it h e r to ,

d en y Matt er o f F aét w e ll attefted o r ad m it an ,

E ff eff w h e re o f t h ey c an n o t fe e an y po fii b le
,

C au fe s A n d fo h avi n g h at e d an d p r o po fe d th e
.

w h o l e Di ffic u lty an d t r y d a ll w ays o ff e r e d by

’

o t h e rs , an d fo u n d t h e m i n e ff e fi u al l e t u s n o w ,

ap ply o u r fe lv e s b
y d e gr e e s t o u n ti e th e Kno t ,
.

THE e x cef fiv e Qtan ti ry o f W at e r is th e gr e at

_

D i fli c u l ry an d th e R em o v a l o f it aft e r w ards
, .

Th o fe e ig h t O c e ans l ay h eavy u p o n m y t h o u gh ts ,

a n d I c alf ab o u t e v e ry w a t fi d E xp e di e n t
y o n a n , ,

o r to fin d fo m e w ay w h e r e by t h e fam e Effeé t ’
,

m ig h t b e br o u g h t to p afs w it h l e fs Wat er an d
‘

i n fa c h a m an n e r t h at t h at Wat e r m ig h t a ft e r
w ar ds c o n v e n i en tly b e di fc h a r g d Th e fir ft ’

Th o u gh t th at c am e i n t o m y Mi n d u p o n t h at
O ccafio n w as c o n c e r n i n g th e F o r m o f t h e E art h
, ,

w h ic h I i m ag i n d m ig ht o fftb ly a t t h at Ti m e
’

p
b e di ffe r en t fr o m w h at it is at pr e fe n t an d ,

c o me n ear e r to Pl ain ne fs an d Eq u alli ty i n th e

S u r fac e o f i t an d fo m igh t th e m o r e e afily b e
,

o v er fl o w d a n d th e D e l u g e e r fo r m d w it h l e fS
’ ’

,
p
Wat e r Th is O pi n i o n c o n c e r n i n g th e Pl ai t n e fS
.

o f th e firft E art h I al fo fo un d i n An ti q u ity

’
, ,

D 4 m en .
 Th e Th eory
f
o th e EARr 11 .

m e n ti o n d a n d r efe r d to by fe v e r al In te r pr e
’ ’

t e rs i n t h e ir C o m m e n t ari e s u p o n Genefl s , e it h e r
u p o n O c c afio n o f t h e D e l u g e o r o f t h at F o u n
,

t ai n w h ic h is fa id , Gen 2 6 to h av e w at er e d
. . .

t h e F a c e o f th e w h o l e E art h A n d a l at e e m i
n e n t Pe r fo n , th e H o n o u r o f h i s Pr o fe fl i o n fo r

I n t egrity a n d L e ar n i n g , i n h i s D i fco u r fe c o n
c er n i n g th e Or ig i na ti on of Ma nki nd, h at h m ad e
a lik e J u dg m en t o f th e St at e o f th e E art h b efo r e

t h e D e l u g e , t h at th e F ac e o f it w as m o r e fm o o th

a n d r e g u l a r t h an it is n o w Bu t y e t u p o n fe
.
~

c o n d Th o u O h ts , I eafily fee t h at t h i s al o n e w o u d ’

n o t b e fu ci e n t to e x p l a1 n th e D e lu g e , n o r to
giv e an A cc o u n t o f th e pr e fe n t F o rm of th c;
E art h , u n eq u al a nd m o u n t ai n o u s as it is Ti s .
’

tr u e t h is w o u ld giv e a gr e at Adv an t ag e to th e
W at e rs , an d th e R ai n s t h at fe l l fo r Fo rty Dayis
t og et h e r w o u ld h av e a great P o w er o v er th e
E art h , b ei ng pl ai n a n d fm o o th ; b u t h o w w o u l d .

t h e fe W at e r s b e di fp o s d o f w h en th e D e l u g e
’

c e as d ? O r h o w c o u ld it e v e r e c a fe ? Be fide s,
’

w h at m e an s th e D i fr u pti o n o f th e gr eat D eep ,

‘

o r t h e gr e at Ah jfi , o r w h at an fw er s to it u p o n
t his S u pp o fiti o n ? Th is w as affu r e dly o f n o l e fs
C o n fide r ati o n t h an th e R a i n s ; n ay , I b e l i ev e , th e
R a ins w e r e b u t pr ep ar at o ry i n fo m e m e a fu r e,
an d t h at th e Vi o l e n c e a n d C o n fu m m ati o n o f
t h e D e l u g e d e p e n d e d u p o n th e D i fr u ti o n of
p
th e gr e at A b y fs . Th er e fo r e I faw it n e ceffar y,
t o m y fir ll T h o u g h t, c o n c e r n i n g th e S m o o t h
‘

n e fs a n d Pla i n n e fs o f th e A n t e dil u vi an E art h ,

t o a dd a fe co n d, c o n c e r n i n g th e D i fr u ti o n
p
a n d D i ffo lu ti o n o f it ; fo r , a s it o ft en h app e n s

3
4 2 Th e Theo y of r th eE A R T HI
fu pe rfic ial P arts o f th e E art h Bu t t h is R u i n
, it .

is tr u e, t h e y h av e i m ag i n d an d exp lai n d fe v e ’ ’

r a l w ays fo m e t h i n ki n g t h at it w as m ad e th e
,

th i r d D ay aft e r th e F o u n d ati o n o f t h e E art h ;

‘

w h en t h ey fu ppo fe t h e C h an n e l o f t h e S e a to
h av e b e en fo r m d, an d Mo u n t ai n s a n d C av er n s
’

a t th e fam e ti m e, by a vi o l e n t D e r e fii o n o f
p
fo m e P arts o f th e E art h , an d a n Ex tr u fio n a n d
E lev ati o n o f o t h ers to m ak e t h e m R oo m 0 .

th e r s fu ppo fe it to h av e c o m e n o t all at o n c e ,
b u t by D egr e e s, at fe v e r al Ti m es , a n d i n fev e
r al Ag e s , fr o m p ar t1 c u la r a n d a ccid en t al C au fe s ,

as th e E art h fa lli n g i n u p o n Fir e s u n d e r G r o u n d,

o r Wat e r e ati n g a w ay th e lo w e r p arts , o r V a

o u rs a n d Ex h al ati o n s br e a ki n g o u t a n d t e ari n g
p
t h e E art h Ti s tr u e, a m n o t o f t h e ir O pi
.
’

I
n i o n i n e it h e r o f th e fe Explic ati o n s ; an d w e

{h all Ih e w at l arg e h e r e aft e r , w h e n w e h av e

r O o s d a n d fl are d o u r o w n T h e o ry , h o w i n
’

p p
c o m p et en t fu c h C au fes ar e, to bri n g th e E art h
i n t o t h at F o r m a n d C o nditi o n w e n o w fin d
it i n Bu t i n th e m e an ti m e, w e m ay fo
.

fa r m ak e u fe o f t h e fe O p i n i o n s i n g en e r al , as

n o t to b e fi ar tl e d at t h is B o C tti n e, c o n c e r n i n g
t h e Br eaki n g o r D i fl o lu ti o n o f th e Ext e ri o r
'

E art h ; fo r i n all Ag e s th e F ac e o f N at u r e h at h
o v o k d Men to t h i n k o f an d o b fe r v e i a c h
‘
’

p r

a T h ing An d w h o can do o rh er w i fe, to fe e

.

t h e El e m e n ts di f l ac d an d di fo r de r d, as t h e y
’ ’

p
fe e m to l i e at p r e fe n t ; th e h e av i efl an d g r o fl elt
Bo di e s i n th e h ig h efi P lac es , an d th e l iq u id an d
v o l ati le k e pt b elo w ; a n h u g e Mafs o f St o n e o r

Ro ck r ear
’

d i nt o th e Ai r, and th e Wat er cr e p e

i ng
 Th e fi eleg e and Twlati m of th e E ar th .
4 ;

i ng at its F e e t ; w h e r eas t h is 1 3 th e m o r e l ig h t
a n d aC ti v e B o dy, an d by th e L aw o f N at u r e
{h o u ld t ak e P l ac e o f R o cks an d St o n e s ? S o
w e fe e, by th e l ik e D i fo r der , t h e A i r t h r o wn
d o wn i n t o D u n g e o n s o f th e E art h, an d th e
E arth g o r u p am o n g th e C l o u ds ; fo r t h e r e ar e
t h e t o ps o f th e Mo u n t ai n s , a n d u n d e r t h e ir
R o o ts i n H o l e s and C av e r n s th e Ai r is o ft e n d e
r ai n e d By w h at r eg u l ar Aé ti o n o f Nat u r e c an
’
.

w e fu ppo fe t h in gs fir ft pr o du c d i n t h is Po ftu rc
’

a n d F o r m ? No r to m e n ti o n h o w br o k e an d

t o r n th e i n w ard S u b fia n c e o f th e E art h i s ,
w h ic h o f it fe lf is an u n i fo r m Ma fs , c lo fe a n d
c o m p aét ; b u t i n th e C o n diti o n w e fe e it , i t

l i e s h o l l o w i n m an y pl ac e s , w it h gr e a t V acu iti es
i n t e rc ept ed b et w ixt th e P o rti o n s o f it ; a Th i ng
'

w h ic h w e fee h app en s i n all R u i n s m o r e o r lc fs,

e f e ci all y w h en th e P arts o f th e R u i n s ar e gr e a t
p
a n d i n fl e x ibl e . Th e n w h at c an h av e m o re th e
Fig u r e an d Mi e n o f a Ru i n , t h an C rags, an d
R o cks , an d C li ffs , Wh et h e r u p o n th e S e a 1h o r e ,
-

o r u p o n th e Sid e s o f Mo u n t a i n s ? Wh a t c an b e

m o r e app ar en tly br o k e, t h an t h e y ar e ? A n d
t h o fe l e ffe r R o cks , o r gr e at b u lky St o n e s t h at
l i e o ft e n fc atter d n ea r th e F ee t o f th e o t h e r ,
’

w h et h e r i n th e S e a, o r u p o n th e L an d , ar e t h e y
n o r m an i fefiF r ag m en ts a n d pi e c e s o f th o fe gr eat

e r Maffes ? Befides , th e Po fiu r e o f th e fe R o cks,

w h ic h is o ft e n l ean i n g o r r e c u mb e n t, o r pr o
'

fir are, {h e w s to th e E ye, t h at t h e y h av e h ad a
F al l, o r fo m e ki n d o f D i fl o cati o n fro m t h e ir
n at u r a l Sit e An d th e fam e t h i n g m ay b e o h
.

ferved i n th e Tr ack s and R e i on s

g o f th e E art h ,

wh ich
 Th e Theory f o th e
E A R TH '

w h ic h v ery fel do m fo r ten Mi le s t o g et h e r h av e

a n y r eg u l a r S u r fac e o r C o n ti n u ity o n e w it h an o

t h e r b u t li e h ig h an d lo w an d ar e v ar i o u fl y i n
, ,

e li u d fo m eti m e s o n e w ay fo m eti m e s an o t h e r
’

, ,

w it h o u t a n y R u le o r O rd er Wh er e as I fe e n o .

R ea fo n b u t th e S u r fac e o f th e L a n d fh o u ld b e
a s r e g u l ar as t h at o f th e Wat e r i n t h e fir ft Pr o

du éti o n o f it ; a n d th e Str at a o r B e ds w it h i n l i e
as ev e n T . h is I a m fu r e o f t h at t h is D i fpo fiti
,

o n o f th e E l em e n ts and t h e P arts o f th e e rt h
,
B ,

o ut war d an d i n w a rd h at h fo m eth i n g irr e g u l ar

,

a n d u nn at u r al i n it a n d m an i fe fi ly lh e w s u s th e
,

Marks o r F o o tficps o f fo m e k i n d o f R u i n an d
,

D i fib lu t i o n ; w h ic h w e {h a ll {h e w yo u i n its ,

d u e Pl ace h app e n d i n fu c h a w ay t h at at th e
’

, ,

fam e t i m e a g en e r a l F lo o d o f W at e rs w o u d
’

n e c e ifar i ly o v e r r u n t h e Fa c eo f t h e w h o l e E art h
-
.

A n d by t h e fam e fat al Bl o w t he E art h fe ll o u t ,

o f t h at r e g ular F o r m w h e r ei n i t w as p r o du c d
’

a t fir fi ,
i n t o all th efe Irr eg u l ariti e s w h ic h w e
fe e i n its pr e fe n t F o r m an d C o m p o fi ti o n ; fo
t h at we {h al l giv e t h er e by a do u b le S atis facti o n
t o th e Mi n d b o t h to {h e w i t a fa ir an d i n tel li
,

g i b le A cc o u n t o f th e g e n e r al D e l u g e h o w t h e ,

W at e1 s c am e u p o n th e E ar th an d ho w t h e y r e ,

t u ru d i n t o t h ei r C h an ne ls ag ai n a nd l e ft th e
’

E art h h abit ab le ; and li k ew i fe to fhe w it h o w

t h e Mo u n t a i n s w e r e br o u g h t fo rt h, a n d th e

C h an n e l o f th e Se a di fco v er d Ho w all th o fe
’

I n eq u aliti e s c am e i n th e B o dy o r F ac e o f th e
E art h an d th o fe em pty V au lts an d Cav er n s i n
,

its B o w e ls w h i ch t h i n gs ar e n o l e fs m att e r o f
s

Ad m ir ati on t h an th e F lood i t fe lf .
 Th e D ehtg e ah d fl
‘
fl z b luti on o
f 4 5 th e E a r th .

B U r I mu ll b eg l e av e to dr aw a C u rt ai n b e
fo r e th e Wo rk fo r a wh il e an d to k e e p y o u r Pa
,

t i e n c e a l ittl e i n fu fp e n c e till Mat eri a ls ar e pr e

,
~

p ar d an d a ll t h i n gs r e ady to r epr e fe n t a n d ex
’

p l ain w h at w e h av e pr 0 po s d Y et I h o p e i n th e
’

.
,

m e an ti m e to en t e rt ai n th e Mi n d w it h Sc e n e s n o
,

l e fs p le afin g th o o f q u it e an o t h e r F ac e a n d O r
’

der ; fo r w e m u ll n o w r et u r n to th e B egi n n i n g
o f th e Wo r l d a n d l o o k u p o n th e h r i c Ru di m e n t s
’
,

o f N at u r e a n d t h at d ark b u t fr u it fu l Wo m b
, ,

o u t o f wh ic h all t h i n gs fpr an g I m e an th e Ch a os ,

F o r t h is is th e Matt e r w h ic h w e m u ll n e xt w o r k
u p o n an d it w ill b e n o u n l e afi n t h i n g t o o h
, p g
fe rv e h o w t h at r u d e Mafs w ill fh 0 0 t it fe lf i h
,

t o fe v er al F o r m s o n e aft e r a n o t h e r till it c o m e s
’

a t l e n gt h to m ak e an h abit abl e W o r l d Th e .

fi e ady H an d o f Pr o vid e n c e w h ic h k e e ps all ,

t h i n gs i n We ig h t an d Meafu r e b e i n g th e i nv i ,

fi b le Gu id e o f all its Mo ti o n s Th e fe Mo ti o n s .

w e m u fi e x am i n e fr o m fir fi t o l afi to fin d o u t ,

w h a t w as th e F o r m o f th e E art h an d w h at w as ,

t h e Pl a c e o r Sit u ati o n o f th e O c e a n o r th e ,

gr eat Abyfs i n t h at fir fi St at e o f N at u r e : Wh ic h
,

t w o t h i n gs b e i n g d e t e r m i n e d w e {h al l b e a bl e
,

t o m ak e a c e rt ai n J u dgmen t w h at ki n d o f D i f
fo lu ti o n t h at E art h w as c ap abl e o f a n d w
,

h et h er ,

fro m t h at D i lfo lu ti o n an U n i v er fa l D e lu g e
w o u ld fo ll o w w it h all th e C o n fe q u e n c e s o f it
, .

I N th e m e an ti m e fo r th e Ba fe an d S ati s fac
,

ti o n o f th e R e ad e r w e w il l h e r e m ark t h e O r
,

de r an d D i firi b u ti on o f th e h ri c B o o k w h ic h w e ’
,

d ivid e i n t o t h r ee S e é ri o n s ; w h e r e o f t h e fir i r is
’ ‘

t h e fe t h r ee Ch apt ers p ail : In t h e fe c o n d S eéi i o n

4 6 T
he The fory o E the
A R T H .

w e w ill lh e w t h at t h e E art h b e fo r e th e D e
,

l u g e w as o f a di ffe r e n t Fr am e a n d F o r m fr o m
t h e pr e fen t E art h ; a n d p artic u l a rly o f fu c h a
F o r m as m ad e it fu b jeét to a D i fiolu ti o n n d a

t o fa c h a D i ifo lu ti o n as did n e c effar i ly e x p o fe

, ,

i t to an U n i v er fal D e l u g e A n d i n t h is Pl ac e
.

w e fh all app ly o u r D i fco u r fe p ar tic u l ar ly t o th e

E xplic ati o n o f N oa h s Fl o o d a n d t h at u n d e r
’

a l l its C o n diti o n s o f t h e H e ig h t o f t h e V
, Va
t e rs o f t h eir U n i v er fali ty o f t h e D efi r u éti o n
, ,
‘

o f t h e Wo r l d by t h e m a n d o f t h e ir r e tiri n g
,

a ft e r w ards fr o m th e E a rt h ; a n d t h is S e cti o n
‘
w il l c o n fifi o f th e F o u rt h Fi ft h Sixt h S e v e n t h
, , ,

a n d E ig h t h C h apt e rs In t h e Th ird S e el i o n
.

w e pr o v e th e fam e D i lfo lu ti o n fr o m t h e E ffe éts

an d C o n fe q u e n c es o f it o r fr o m t h e C o n
,

t e m p l ati o n o f th e p r efe n t F a c e o f th e E art h

A n d h e r e a n A cc o u n t is giv e n o f th e O rigi n
o f Mo u n t ai n s o f fu b t er r an eo u s Wa t e rs a n d C a
,

v e r n s o f th e gr eat C h an n e l o f th e S e a a n d o f
, ,

th e firfc Pr o d u c ti o n o f Ifl an ds ; a n d th o fe t h i n gs
’

a r e th e C o n t en ts o f t h e Ni n t h Te n th an d , ,

E l ev e n t h C h apt ers Th e n i n th e l afi C h ap
.
,

t e r w e m ak e a g e n e r a l R e vi e w o f th e w h o l e
,

Wo rk an d a g en e r a l é evi ew o f N at u r e ; t h at
,

by c omp ari n g t h e m t o g e t h e r t h e ir fu ll Agr e e ,

m e n t an d C o r r e fp o n de n c y m ay app e ar H e r e .

fev er al c o l l at er al A rg u m e n ts ar e giv e n fo r
C o n fir m ati o n o f th e pr e c e di n g Th e o ry an d ,

fo m e R e fl e Cti o n s ar e m ad e u p o n th e St at e o f
t h e o t h e r P la n ets c o m p ar d w it h th e E art h
’

A n d l al tly w h at Acc o u n ts fo ev er h av e b e e n
’
,

g iv en by o t h ers o f t h e
p r e fe n t F o r m a n d Irr e ‘

u lar i ti es
g
 The D elag e
‘
and s
‘
l
o a ti on o
'
f th e E a r th .
4 7
u l ar i ti es o f th e E ar th , ar e e x am i n d an d lh e w d
’ ’

g
i n fu ffici en t . An d t h is fee m eth to b e all t h at
u p o n t h is Su b jeé t
’
is r eq u i fite .

C HA P . IV .

T
h a t th e E a r th a nd Ma rzki na
ha a a ri Or igi na l
’ ’

Tr ov a ag a i n/Z
,

a n d w er e ri otf r oai E ter ni ty

’ ’

Ar i fio tl e Th e firfl Pr oloofiti on of our Th eo ‘

T
.

h a t th e z i rztea i la v i a rz
’ ’ ’
ry la i a a ow rz v i z
‘
.
,

E a r th w a s of a a ijfi r ea t F or m a nd Confir a e
’

ti ori fl ora th e p r efiea t T h i s i s pr ov a hy

’

Utfl e A u th or i t y a nd r om th e N a tu r e a nd
‘
f ,

F or m of th e Ch a os , ou t of w hi ch th e E a r th
w a s ma de .

E ar e n o w to en qu ir e i n t o th e O rig i
n al o f th eE arth an d i n w h at , Fo rm i t
w as b u ilt at fir lc t h at w e m ay l ay o u r F o un
’
,

d ati o n fo r th e fo l lo w i n g Th eo ry d e e p a nd fu r e .

It h ath b e e n th e g e n e r a l O pi n i o n an d C o n fe n t
o f t h e L e ar n e d o f a ll N ati o n s t h at th e E art h ,

ar o fe fr o m a C h ao s Th is is atteli ed by Hifio r y
.
,

b o th S acr e d an d Pr o fan e ; o n ly Ar ifiotle ,

w h o m fo gr ea t a P art o f th e C h r i ll i an Wo rld
h av e m ad e t h e ir O r ac le o r Id o l h at h m ai n tai n d
’

,
,

th e Et e r n ity o f th e E art h an d th e Et e r n ity ,

Man ki n d t h at th e E art h an d th e Wo rld w e r e —

fr o m E v er l afii n g an d i n t h at v ery F o r m t h e y
,

ar e i n n o w w it h Men an d Wo m e n an d all
,

l ivi n g C r eat u r es Tr ee s an d Fr u it Me t als an d

,
‘

Mi n e r als an d w h atfo ev e r is o f n at u r a l Pr o
,

duéti o n .We fay all th e fe Th i n gs ar o fe an d

h ad
 hT
T h e f
eory o h E
t e
A R TH .

h ad t h e ir fir ft E x i fie n c e o r Pr o du a i o n n or fi x
t h o u fan d Y e a rs ag o : He fait h , t h e y h av e fu b
fifie d t h u s fo r e v e r , t h r o u g h a n i n fih i te S e ri e s o f
ail G en e r ati o n s , a n d {h all c o n ti n u e as l o n g ,
p
w it h o u t fir ft o r l afi : An d i f (0 , t h e r e w as n e i
t h e r C h ao s , n o r a n y o t h e r B e gi n n i n g to th e
E art h Th is t ak es aw ay th e S u b jeét o f o u r D i f
.

c o u r fe, a n d t h e r e fo r e w e m ui r fir ft r e m o v e t h is
’ ’

St o n e o u t o f th e w ay, an d pr o v e t h at th e E art h
h ad an O rigi n al , an d t h at fr o m a C h ao s , b efo r e
w e fh e w h o w it ar o fe fr o m a C h ao s , an d w h at

“
w as th e fir fi h a bit abl e F o r m t h at it fett l e d i n t o
f r: a r e affu r d by Divi n e A u t h o rity t h at th e
’

E art h a n d Man ki n d h ad a b egi n n i n g Mofer

,
'
.

fait h , In th e B eg i nni ng Goa ma de th e Hea v en:

’

a nd th e E a r th . Sp eaki n g it as o f a c ert ai n Pe
r iod o r T e r m , fr o m w h e n c e h e c o u n ts th e A e
g
o f t h e Wo r l d . An d t h e fa m e Mofes t ells u s , t h at
fl a a m w as th e f ull: Man , an d E v e th e fir fi Wo
’

m an , fr o m w h o m fp r u n g th e R a c e o f Man ki n d ;
a n d t h is w it h i n th e C o m p a fs o f Six T h o u fan d
Y e ars W e ar e a l fo alfu r d fr o m th e Pr o p h ets ,
.
’

a n d o u r C h r i fi i an R e c o rds , t h at th e \V o rld lh all

h av e a n E n d, a n d t h at by a g e n e r a l C o n fl ag r a ~

t i o n , w h en a ll Man ki n d {h all b e defir o y e d, w it h

t h e F o r m , an d a l l th e F u r n it u r e o f th e E art h .

An d as t h is pr o v e s th e fe co n d P art o f d r ifiotle s
’

D o étr in e to b e falfe i m m e di at e ly ,fo d o t h it th e

fir fi, by a tr u e C o n fe q u en c e ; fo r w h at h at h an
E n d h ad a B egi n n i n g , w h at is n o r I m m o rt al ,
w as n o t Et er n a l Th at w h ic h e x i lts by th e
’

Str e n gt h o f its o w n N at u r e at fir ft, t h e fam e

’

N at u r e wi ll en ab le to e x i fi for ev e r ; an d i n d e e d
w h at
 3b T
h Th e
feory o th e B A R Th .

a St at e o f gr e at e r Si m plicity th an n o w it is as to ,

c o n c e iv e a Watc h ,an Ho u fe o r an y o t h e r Str ue ,

t u re to h aVe b een o n c e i n its firfi and fim ple Ma

,
¢

t er i als : T h is I fp ea k w it h o u t R e fe r en c e to i m
m e di ate C r e ati o n fo r Ar totle did n o t o w n a n y
i/
’
,

fu ch t h in g an d t h e re fo r e th e Arg u m en t (
, l an d s
o o d ag ai n fi h im u po n th o fe Gr o u n ds an d N o
g
-a
,

t i o ns t h at h e g o es ; yet I g u efs wh at An fwer

wo u ld b e m ad e by h i m o r h i s F o llo w e r s t o t h i s
A rgu men t ati on T h e y w o u ld fay t h e r e is n o t ,

th e fam e R eafon for N at u r al t h i n g s as fo r A rti ,

~

fic i al th o u g h equal l y c o m p o u n d e d Arti fici al

, .

Th i n gs c o u ld n o t b e fro m Et ern ity b e cau fe t h e y ,

fu ppo fe Man b y wh o fe Ar t t h e y w e r e m ad e
, ,

r e ex i ite n t to t h e m ; th e Wo rk m a n mu fi b e b e
p
fo r e th e Wo rk an d wh atfo ev er h at h an y t h i n g
'

b efo r e it is n o t E t er n al Bu t m ay n o t th e fame
, .

f N
t h i n g b e faid o a u r l t a t h i n g s ? D o n o t m o i t o f ’

th e m r eq u i r e th e Ac ti on o f th e Su n and th e Ih
'

fl u enc e o f th e H eav en s fo r t h e ir Pr o du fi i o n an d ,

l o ng e r Pr ep ar ati o n s t h an an y A rti fici al t h i n gs

o

d o i S o m e Y ears o r Ag e s w o u ld b e n e c effar y fo r
t he C o n co é ri o n a n d Mat u r ati o n o f Me t als an d
’

Mi n er als St o n es the m felve s at l e aft fo m e fo rts

'

o f th e m w e r e o nc e L iq u o rs, o r fl u id Mal
, ;
a n d a ll V e g e t a b l e Pr o du éi i o n s r eq u ir e th e H eat

o f th e S u n to p r e di fpo fe an d e xcit e t h e E art h

,

a n d th e S ee ds Nay a cc o rdi n g to A r i/tot/e tis

’
.
, ,

n ot Man by h i m fe lf t h at b e g e ts a Man b u t th e ,

S u n i s h i s C o adj u to r Y o u fee t h e n t w as as n e
’

c e ffar y t h at th e S u n t h at gre at Wo rk m an o f N a
,

t u re ih o u ld pr e ex 1i t to N at ur al t h i ngs pro d u c d
,
’
,
’

i n or u p on the Ear t h as th at Man ih ou ld p r e

, ,

e xift
’
 T fl elag e a n
"

h d i 3a f th eE a thr ’

e o .
'

5I
”

Efti ficia l
S o th at th eE ar th , h n dei th a t
'
'

e x i lt t o
’
’
.

F o r m an d C onfiitu ti on i r nowh ath , c o u ld n o

m o re b e Et ernal , th an a St atde o r Temple ; o r
‘

'

a11 y
*
’

w
or k o f Ar t
'
.
r

E ’ ’
E
B S I D s , t h at F o r tn , Wh i ch th e Eart h i s u n ’

d er at r e fe nt i s m fo e fort r et er n atu r al, l ik e

‘
e

p
'

m p
a S tat u e m ade an d br oke nag ai h ; a nd £ 6 h at h
'

fi1 l l th e l e fs A p e ar an c é o i P p
re t en c e o f h e m fr E
' '
‘

t e r n al If th e El e m e n t s ha d l ai n i n t h at O rd e r
.

t o o n e an o th e r , as A ri hotle h at h d 1 fpo s d t h e m ,
j
’

a n d as fee m s to b e t h e i r fir fi t p o f t 1 o n t h eE a r th

a lt o g eth e r m a Ma fs i n th e m idd le , o r to w ards

t h e C e n tr e ; t h en th e W
at e r m a Sp h eri c a l Ma f s

a b ou t t h at ; th e Ai r ab ov e t h e a t e r , a n d t h en a W
Sp h e r e b f Fi r e, as h e fanc i edfi n th e h i g li efi C i r
c le o f th eAi r : If t h e y h ad l ai n, I P a , i n t h is P f
“
y o

ture, the re m ig h t h av e b ee rt fome Pr e t en c e t h at

’

u fe t h at m ig h t

i n w h i ct
’

F o rm an d P o l '
l

tu re w e find t h e m i n at p refem: i s v e r y di ffe re n t ,

f ‘

and achor di n g to h i s Do éti i n e m u h b e lo o k d u p

’
’
'

o n as u nn at u r a l an d vi o l en t an d n o vi o l e n t
‘

St at e, b y h i s own Maxi m , can b e p e rp e t u al, o r

c an h av e b e en fo :
'
B U r t h e r e is ii i ll a m ore p re fl i ng G o nfider a
'

‘
'
'

ti o n ag ai n i t t h is O pi n io n If t h is pr efent St at e
'

’
.

a n d F o r mo f th e E art h h ad b ee n fr o m Et e r n ity ,

it w o u ld h av e l o n g e r e t h is de i tr o y d i tfe lf, an d
’ ’

c h an g d i tfe lf : Th e Mo u n t ai n s {i n ki n g by degr ee s
’

m m th e V a ll e ys , an d m m th e S e a, an d th e a W
t e rs r i fin g a b o v e th e E art h ; w h ic h F o r m 1 t w o u ld
c ert ai n ly h av e c om e i n to ; fo o ner o r lat e r , an d 1 11

E 2 .it
it c o n ti n ud dr o w n e d a n d u n i n h abit a b le , fo r al l
’ ‘

fu c c e e di n g G e n e r ati o n s Fo r tis c e rt ai n , t h at th e
’

Mo u n t ai n s a n d h ig h er P arts o f t h e E art h gro w

l effe r a n d l eife r fr o m Ag e to Ag e an d t h at fr o m
m an y C au fe s , fo m e ti m es th e R o o ts o f t h em a re
w e ak e n d, an d e at en by fu b ter r an eo u s Fir e s, an d
’

fo m e ti m e s t h e y ar e t o r n a n d t u m bl e d d o w n b y
E art h q u ak e s ll i n t o th o fe C av er n s t h at are
,
an d fa

u nd er th em ; a n d th o th o fe vi o l en t C au fe s ar e
’

n o t c o n fian t o r u n i v er fal y e t i f th e E art h h ad

, ,

h o o d fr o m Et e rn ity th er e is n o t a Mo u n t ain
,

w o u ld h av e e fc ap e d th i s F ate 1 n o n e A e o r o t h e r
v .

Th e C o u r fe o f th e fe E xh alati o n so r Fir e s w o u ld
h av e r e ac h d t h e m all fo o n e r o i i f th ro
’ ’

u
Bu t t h e r e a r e a l fo o t h e r c au fes th ate o n f m e t h e m
i n fe n fib ly , and m ak e t he m fin k b y deg r ees ; an d
t h o fe ar e c h i e fl yt h e W1 u ds , Ra i n s , an d St o r m s,
an d H e at o f t h e S u n W 1 th o u t ; a n d w it h i n , th e
fo ak ing o f Wat e r an d Spri n gs, w it h Str e am s and
C u rr e n ts 1 n t h e ir V e i n s a n d C r an n i e s Th e fe
w
.

t o fo rts o f C au fe s w o u ld c er ta i hly r ed u c e all

t h e Mo u ht ai n s o f the E art h , i n t r aéi o f T i m e , to
Eq ua lity o r r at h e r l ay t h em all u nd e r Wat e r :
F o r w h atfo ev e r ni o u lders ,o r i S w alh d a w ay fr o m
’

t h e m , is c arri e d d o w n i n t o th e l o w e r G r o u n ds ,
a n d m m th e S ea , a n d n o t h i n g is e v e r br o u g h t

b ack ag ai n by an y C i r c u l ati on : Th e ir L o ffes ar e

n o t r e p air d, n o r a n y p ro p o rti o n a bl e R e cr u its
’

m a d efr o m an y o t h e r p arts o f N at u r e 8 0 as th e
h ig h e r p arts o f th e E art h b e i n g c o n ti n u ally fp e n
d i n g , a n d th e l o we r c o n ti n u all y g ai n i n g , t h e y
m a il o f n e c e fii ty at l en gth c o m e to an Eq u alit y
an d
 Th e{De/ag e and D iflolnti on hf th e Ea r th
'
‘ “

3i
a n d th e Wat ers t h at l i e 1 n th elo w er p ar ts an d i n
the C h an n e ls , th o fe C h an n e ls an d V all e ys b éi n g
fill d u p w it h E art h , w o u ld b é th r u ft o u t ari d ri fe:
"
’ ‘ ‘

e v ery wh e r e u p o n th e S u r fa c e o f t h e E art h

w h ich n e w Poh ; w h e n t h ey h ad o n c e fe iz d on
’

i t, th e y w o u ld n e v e r q u it n o r w ou ld a n y t h i n g
b e a bl e to di fp offefs t h em , fo r tis t h e ir n at u r a l
’

P lac e an d Sit u ati o n w h ic h t h ey a l w ays t en d to ,

an d fr o m w h i c h t h e r e 1 3 n o Pr o g r e fs n o r R e g r e fs

i n a C o u rfc o f N at ti r e S o t h at t h e E art h ou ld
c W
h av e b ee n , b o t h n o w , an d fr o m i n n u m erab l e Ge
n er ati o n s b e fore th is , a ll un d er ater an dii n in W
h abit abl e i f i t h ad fl o o d fr o m Ev e r lai ti ng, an d
’

t h is F o r m of i t h ad b een its fir fi O rigi n al Form .

N O R c an h e d oub t o f t h i s Ar g u m e n tan o n ,
t h at co nhd er s th e C o h é r en c e o f 1 t an d wi ll at!
‘

m
flo w ti e en oug h fo r th e Efi eC t I do not {a t
'

h
.

E art h w ou ld b e r e d u e d to t h is u ninha bi able

’

F o r m 1 n tentho u fan d Y ears ti m e, th o I b eli e v e ’

“
it w o u ld Bu t t ak e t wen ty, i f yo u pl ea fe , t ak e
.

a n h u n dr e d t h o u fan d, t ak e a m illi o n , tis a ll o n e,

f or yo u m ay t ak e th e o n e as e afily as th e o t h e r
o u t o f E te r n 1 ty an d t h e y m
ak e b o t h e u a lly a
q
'

g ai n i t t h e ir S u
’
pp o fit i on N o r is it a n y m att er
.

h ow littl e yo u fu pp o fe th e m o u n t ai n s to dec r e afé

‘

tis b u t t aki n Dg m o re t i m e, an d th e fam e E fieél: z

.

frill fo llo w s L e t th em bu r w ah e as
’
.
'
‘
u c h as am
G r a i n o f Mn fl ar d S e e d e v e r yD ay , o r a F o o t i n
”
'

a n Ag e, t h i s w o u ld he mor e tha n é n o u gh i n te n

t h o u fa n d Ag e s t o c o nfutne the t all eh Mo uh tai n

'

u p o n E ar th . Th e Ai r aloh e ; a n d th e litt le dr o ps
o f Rai n h av e defac d th e fi r o h efr a n h r oud
’
d
’

g t e
p
e i t Monu m en t so f th e Gr eeki an d R oma ns
’ I

E 3 a ll o w
54 , . The Th em} gf the E A R TH;

allo w t h e m b u t ti m e eno u gh an d t h e y w i ll o f ,

t h e m fe l v e s b e at d o w n th e Ro c ks i n t o th e S ea ,

a n d th e H i lls i n t o th e V a l leys Bu t i f w e add to .

,

t h e fe a ll th o fe o t h er fo r e m e n ti o nd C au fe s th a
’

w o rk w it h m o r e V i ol e n c e an d th e We ig h t 0 2 ,

th e Mo u n t ai ns th em fe lv es w h ich u p o n an y o c , ,

c ah o n o ffe r d ts r e ad yto li n k th em lo w e r w e {h al l
{h o r tc n th e Ti m e an d m a k e th e E ffe ét m
, ,

or e fu t e .

W E n e e d add n o m o r e h e r e i n p artic u lar a

C

ai n fi t h is Ar i otélza mD o étr i n e t h at m ak e s th e
g fi ,

r e fe n t F o r m o f th e E art h to h av e b e e n fr o m E
p
t er n i ty fo r th e T
, r u th i s t h is w hole Bo o k i S o n e
,

co n ti n u e d Ar g um e n t a g am ib e w
i n g t h at 1 t h ath defd fi o c h
h a t w h v prq d t h t it w c p b l
’

i n t e a e v a a s n o r a a e

o f anu n i ve r fal D e l u g e i n t h is F o r m and co n fe ,

l
k

q u e n tl y w a s o n c e u n d e r a n o t h e r a n d a fo i n th a t ,

w e {h all pr o v e at la rg e h e r e aft e r t h r o u h o u t th e g

Th ird and F o u rt h Seétio n s t hat it h ath b een ‘

b r o k en an d di lfo l vd We m ig h t a l fo add o n e
’

C on fi de r at i on m o r e; that 1 f 1 t h ad fio o d a l w ays
u n de r t h is F o r m it w o u ld h av e b e e n u n d er Fir e
, ,

i f i t h adn o t b e en u n d e r w at e r an d th e C o nfl a
g r a ti
on w h ,ic h i t is to u n d e rg o w o u ld h av e o v er ,

t ak en i t lo n g e r e t h is F o r St Tater fait h T he
’

Heav e n s an d th e E art h t h at ar e n o w as ppos d

. .

t o th eAn t e di lu vi an a nd co n fide r d i n thé r p r e

’

fent F o rm an d Co n fiitu ti on ar e fitt ed to b e co n ,

fu m ed by Fir e An d w h o fo ever u n detfi an ds th e

.

Pr og r efs an d R evo l u t ion s o f Natu r e w i ll fee th a t ,

n e ith er th e pr e fen t F o rm o f th e E ar th n o r its ,

fir fi F o rm w e r e pe r m an, en t an d i m m u t abl e

Forms bu t tr anfient and t empor ary b y t h eir o wn

,

Fr ame
 Th e D t l g t and TWlutiofl bf th e E
‘ ’
fl ’ a r th . 55

Fram e an d C o n fii tu tio n wh ich th c Autho r O f

' '

«
N at u re aft er ce rt ai n P e rio ds of Time h ad de
“
, ,

fig n d fo r C h ang e and for D efl r u éti on

'
’
.

T11 U s m u ch fo r th e Bo dy of th e E ar th 1 3 !
y

_ ,

i t co ul d n o t h ave b e en fr om Ete r n ity 3 5 Afl y ,

‘

tot/e pr et ended i n th e F orm 1 1 h at h No w l e t s

’

.
, ,

con fider the O rigi n ati o n o f Man ki n d 5 an d that

.w e lh a ll find c ould mu c h lefs b e Et er nal th a n f h¢
o t he r 5 for wh atfo ev e r de fit o y d th e F o r m o f th e
’

E arth w o u ld alfo defir o y Man ki nd ; an d b efides

, ,

th ere ar e m an y p articu l ar Marks and Argu m en ts

.
,

th at th e G e ne r ati o n s o f Men h av e 11 01: b een fr o m

E y e r l afii ng All H . ifio r y an d al l Mon um e n t s ,

o f An ti q ui ty o f w ha t ki nd foev er ar e b ut O f E l

fe w T
, ,

h ou fand b f Y ears date ; w e h av e fii ll thtz

Me mor y o f the Go ld en Ag e o f th e fitfi S t at e of ,

N at ur e andh o w Mo rtals li v dt h en i n In n o ce ncy

’

Th e I n v enti on o f Arts ev en
,

a n d Si m p li city . ,
.

th ofe t ha t a re n eceifar y o r u fefu l to H u man L i fe ,

h at h b ee n w i th i n th e Kn o wl ed g e o f Men : HOW
'

i mper feét wa s t h e G eo gr ap h y o f th e An ci e nt s
‘

. ,

h ow i mp er fe é t the ir K n o wl edg e o f th e E ar th
’
.
,

h o w i m p er feét t h e ir N avig ati on ? Can w e i m a

’

n e i f t h er eh ad b een Men fr o
g i ,
m E v e r l afii n g a ,

S ea as n o w an d all m at e ri al s for lh i ppi ng as m u ch

,

as w e h av e th at Me n c o u l d h av e b ee n fo i no é
, g
r an t bo th o f th eL an d and o f th e S e a as ti s m an i
, .

fefi th e yih av e b ee n ti l l o filat e Ag e s ? Th ey h ad

’

.Very differ ent F an ci es co ncer ning t h e Fig u re of

I h e E arth T h e y k n e w n o L an d b e y o nd o u r C o n
'

t i n en t an d t h at v e ry i m erfeé tl to o 3 an d th e ’
, p y
To rrid Z o net h ey th o ug h t u tt e rly u n i n h abit ab le
‘

W
.

e th i k i t fi t ki h a t ib r t D t f
fi
n t
‘

. r an
g e a ng , o a e

E 4 . t e
 Th eh am) of
'

35 1 th e E 1 11 l a;
’ ‘

th e W o r ld ‘ ‘

, w h ic h w e giv e it t h at Me n
lh o uld
,

o t h aVe m ad e m o r e Pr o r e fs 1 n t h e Kn o w l e dg e
n g
o f th e fe T h i n gs b u t h o w i m po fl t bl e is it t h e n ,
i f yo u fu pp o fe t h e m to h av e b e e n fr o m Ev e r
i alti ng ? Th e y h ad th e fa m e i t a n d Paffio n s W
t h a t w e h av e , t h e fam e Mo tiv e s t h at w e h av e ,
c an w e t h en 1 m agi n e ; t h at n e it h e r th e Am biti o n

o f Pri n c e s , n or In te r e ft o r G ai n t n priv at e Per

fo n s , n o r C u t i o fity a n d th e D efit e o f K n o w l e dg e
n o r th e G lo r
y o f D 1 fco v cri e s , n o r a n y o t h e r Pa f

i i o n o r C o n fider atio n c o u ld e v e r m o v e t h e m
i n t h at e n dle fs t im e, t o try t h e ir F o rt u n e s u p o n
t h e S e a, an d k n o w fo m eth i n m o re o f th e Wo rld
’

g
the y i n h abit ed ? Th o u g h ! yo u lh o u ld fu pp o fe
t h em g e n er ally fi a pid , w h ic h t h e r e 1 8 n o R eafo n

to do , y et m a C o u r fe o f i n fini t e Gen e r ati o n s ,

-‘

t h er e w o u ld b e fo m e gr e at G en i j, fo m e e x tr ao r
i

d i n ar y Per fo n s t h at w o u ld att em pt t h i n gs a b o v e
the ma
“ W
e h av e d o n e mo r e w it h i n t h e
.

c o m a fs o f o u t l ittl e
‘

p
'

W
o rld , w h ic h w e c a n b u t

c ou n t a s t o t h is ) fr o m th e g en e r a l D e l u g e , t han
t ho fe Et er n al Mcn h ad d o n e tn t h e ir i n h u m er a
- '

b le Ag es fo r eg o i n g .

Y 0 U
w i ll fay tt m ay b e, t h e y h ad n o tth e Ad
v an t ag e s an d O pp o rt u n iti e s fo r N avig ati o n as w e

h av e , an d fo r D i fco v e t i es , b ec au fe th e u fe o f th e
L o adfio n e , an d th e Mar i n e r s n e e dl e was n o t t h en
k n o w n B u t t h at s th e Wo n d e r , th at e it h er t h at
’
.

"

I n v e n ti o n ,o r an y o t h e r lh o u ld h o t b e bro u gh t '

to lig h t till t O t h e r D ay, i f th e

’

o rld h ad fto o d W
fr o m E ter n i ty I fay t h is o r any 0 th e 1 p t aéti cal In
.

v e n ti o n ; fo r fu ch T
, h i n gs , w h e n t h e y ar e o n c e
f o u n d o u t an d k n o wn , ar e n o r e afil l o ft ag a i n ,
y
b ecau fe
 The Thewy of
T
58 the
w i a n r a .

o ne r d t
a e tn he Wo rld , o ne C all i n g , to loo k
t ir Fl cks
to h e o ; an d a ft e r w ards to t ill th e Gro un d ,
w h e n N at u r e gr e w l e fs l ib e ral : A n d m ay w e
n o t r e afo n ab ly t h i n k t h is th e B e gi n n i n g o f Man ?

k i n d , o r v e ry n ea r it ? If Man b e a C r eat u r e,
b o t h n at u r al ly fag ac io u s to fin d o u t its o w n C o n
v e n ien c i e s , a n d n at u r ally fo c i a b le an d i n c l i n d

m
to liv e i n a C o m u n ity , a l ittl e Ti m e w o u ld
th ak e t h e m fin d o u t an d fu r n ilh th e m fe lv e s w ith
w h at w as n c c cfih r y i n th e fe t wo ki n ds , fo r th e
C o n v e n i en ci es o f fin g le L i fe, an d th e C o n v e v

n i en c i e s o f S o ci e ti e s ; t h e y w o u l d n o t h av e l i v d
’

i n fin it e Ag e s u n pro vid ed o f t h e m If yo u fay

.

N eeeflity is t h e Mo rh e t o f Arts an d In v e nti on s,

a n d t h e m w as n o N ec e ffity b e fo r e , a n d t h er e fo r e

t h efe t h i n gs w e r e fo fl o w l y i n v en t e d ; t h is 18 a
g o o d An fw e r u p o n o u r S u ppo fiti o n , t h at th e
Wo rl d b eg an b u t fo m e Ag e s b efo r e th e fe w er e
fo u n d o u t , a n d w as a b u n d an t w it h all Th i n gs at
fir fi ; a n d Men n o t v e r y n u m e ro u s , an d t h e r e
.

for e w e r e n o t p u t fo m u ch to th e u fe o f t h e ir
\V i ts ,to fin d o u tWay s fo r livi n g co m m o d io u fly .

Bu t t h is is n o An fw er u p o n t h e ir S u ppo fiti o n
fo r i f th e Wo rld w as e t e r n al an d Me n to o , t h e r e
w e r e n o fir fi Ag es, n o n e w an d fr elh E art h ; Men
w e r e n e v e r l e fs n u m e r o u s , n o r th e E art h m o r e
fr u it fu l ; an d c o n feq u en tly t h er e was n e v e r le i s
N ec efl i ty at any tim e t h an is n o w Th is al fo .

b ri n gs to Mi n d ano t h e r Arg um en t ag ai n l t t h i s ’

Op i n i o n , (1 1 2
5 ) fr o m t h e gr a d u al I n c r e a fe of
Man ki n d Ti s c ert ai n th e Wo r l d w as n ot fo
.
’

p o p u lo u s o n e o r t wo th o u fan d Y ears fin c e, as
i r is n ow, feeing ti s obfetv d i n parti cular N a
’ ’
,
,

tion s,
ti o n s th at with i n th e Sp ace o f tw o o r th r e e h u n
,

dr e d Year s n o twi th fian di n g all Ca fu alti es th e

, ,

Nu m b e r o f Me n do u b le s If the n th e E art h h ad
.

[l o a d fro m E v er lafii ng it h ad b e en o v er fio c k d
’

l o ng er e t hi s an d w o u ld n o t haVe b e en c ap abl e
,

t o co n t ai n i ts In h abit an ts m an y Ag e s and Mi l
lio n s o f Ag e s ag o Wh er eas we fin d th e Eart h
i s n o t y et fu fii c i e n tly i n h abit ed and t h e r e 1 3 [
ti ll
,

R o o m fo r fo m e Mill io n s An d we m u fi n o t fl y
,
'

t o u n i ve r fa l D e lu g es an d Co n fiag r ati o ns to de
fir o y Mank i n d ; fo r b efi des t hat the E ar th was
n o t c ap a bl e o f a D elu g e i n th is e fe n t F o r m ,
‘

p r

n or w o u ld h av e b een i n t h is F o r m a ft e r a C o n
fl ag r a ti o n, Ar ifiofl e d o t h n o t ad m it o f t h e fe u n i
v er fa l C h ang e s, n o r a n y th at ho ld th e F o r m o f
.

th e E art h to b e e t e rn al Bu t to r e tu r n t o o u r
.

Arts an d I n ven ti o n s .

W B h ave fp o k e n o f pr aéli cal Arts a n d In v en

t i o n s u fe fu l 1 11 h u m an L 1 fe t h e n fo T h eo r e tic al
r
L ea rn i n g an d Sci e n c e s , t h er e is no t h i n g y et fi
h i lb d o r co m pl e at 1 n th e fe ; a n d w h at 1 3 k n o w n
’

ha t h b e e n ch i efl y th e Pr o du éti o n of l att e r Ag es .

H o w l ittl e h at h b ee n di fco v er d til l of l at e, c i

’

the r o f o ur o w n B o di e s , or o f t h e B ody o f t h e
E ar th , and o f the F u n éh o ns o r Mo ti o n s o f N a
tur e i n e it h e r ? W h at m o r e o bvi o u s, o n e w o u l d
t h i n k , t h an th e C irc u l ati o n o f th e Bl oo d h at;, W
can m o r e e xcit e o u r C u r i ofit y t h an th e fl o wi ng
.

an d e bbi n g o f the S e a T . h an th e N at u r e o f Me
.

t als an d Mi ne r als Th e fe ar e e it h e rye t u n k n o w n ,

.

o r w er e ( 0 at l e afi till t h is l afi Ag e ; w h ic h fee m s

to m e, to h av e m a de a grea te r Pr o g r e fs t h an all
A es befor c ut to ether) lines the b eg i n n i n g O f
g g g ,
 as Th eTh eory of E AR TH th e .

t h e Wo r ld Ho w u n lik el y is it t h en th at th efc
'
‘

.
s

A g e s w er e Et e rn al Th at th e Et er n al St u di e s o f
o u r F o r e fat h e rs c o u ld n o t elf e ét (
-
0 m u c h as a

f e w Y e ars h av e d on e o f l at e ? An d t h e w h o l e
Ma fs o f K n o wl ed g e i n t h is E art h d o t h n o t fee m
t o b e fo gr e at b u t t h at a fe w Ag e s m o r e w it h
'
'
, ,

t w o o r t h r ee h ap y G en i u s s i n t h e m m ay br i n g
' ’

p ,

t o lig h t a ll t h at w e ar e c ap a bl e to u n der fl an d i n
'

.
.

t h is St at e o f Mo rt ality
'

To th e fe Arg u m en ts c o n c e r n i n g th e No Vé Ity
'

o f th e E art h a nd th e O rigi n o f Ma n ki nd
, I ,

k no w t h er e a r e fo m e {h u ffi in g Ex c u fes m ad e
-

b u t t h e y c an h av e littl e E ff e ct u p o n th o fe In
fi an c es w e h av e c h o fe n An d I w o u ld a s k t h o fe .

E ter n ali fis o n e fair Qu e fci o n W h at Mark 1 5 th er e

’
,

t h at t h e y c o u ld CX p 6 8C o r de fir e o f th e N o v elt y
o f a W o rld t h at is n o r fo u n d i n t h is ? O r w h at
,

'
Mark is t h e r e o f Et er n ity t h at is fo u n d i n t h is ?
If t h e n t h e ir O pi n i o n b e w it h o u t an y p o fiti v e
A rg um e n t and ag ai n fi al l A pp e ar an c e s i n N a
,

t u r e it m ay b e ju i rly r ejeéte d as u n r eafo n ab le

’
' '

u p o n all A cc o u n ts Ti s n o t th e bo ld alfer ti n g
.
’

of a T h i n g t h at m ak e s i t t ru e o r t h at m ak e s it
“
,

c r e dibl e a a i n fi Evid e n c e f e fh o u ld a lfe rt

'
I
'
‘

g o n .

t h at fu ch an o n e h ad l i v d fro m a ll Et er n i t y ’

a n d l c o u ld bri n g W i tn e ffe s t h at k ri e w h i m a

S u cki n g c h ild an d O t h ers t h at r e m e m b r e d h i m

-
,

{a Sc h o o l b o y I t h i n k it w o u ld b e a fa ir Pr o o f
, ,

th at t h e M an w as n o t Et e r n al So i f t h e r e b e .

Evid en c e e it h er i n R e afo n o r Hifio r y t h at it

, ,

is n or v e ry m an y Ag e s fin c e N at u r e w as i n h er
Mi n o rity as app e ars by a l l th o fe In fian c cs w e
,

h av e giv en ab o v e ; form w h ereo f tr ac e h er

d own
 Th fl elu e a nd s flal atzon ofith e E a r th; 6 1
“
’ ' ’

e g
d o w n to h e r v e ry I n fan cy Thi s I t h i n k
, , m a y
b e t ak en fo r a g oo d Pr o o f t h at {h e i s n o t Ete n
n al ; A n d I do n o t d o u bt , b u t i f th e H
. i fl ory Of
th e Wo rld w as w rit Ph i lo fq p h i c a lly, givi n g an

A c c o u n t o f th e feVer a l St at e s o f an k i n d in ~
M
fever al A g e s , a n d by w h at St e ps on D e gr e es
t h ey c a m e fr o m t heir firfi R u den efs or Si m pl i
c i ty to t h at O rd e r o f T
h i n gs , b o th In te lle é ru al
‘

a n d C ivil w h ic h t h e Wo rl d LS adv an c d to at
’

r e fe n t, T h t l e w ld b f l l C n i fti o n,
p a a o n o u e a u o v

t h at th e E art h a n d Man ki n d h ad a B e gi n n i n g .

As th e Sto ry o f R ome, h o w 1 t t o fe fro m a m e an

‘

O rigi n al , b y w h at d eg r e e s it i n cr eas d, a n d h o w
’

it ch an g d its F o rm an d G o ve rn me n t till it c am e
’

t o its G r e atn e fs , d o t h fa ti s fy u s v e ry w e ll , t h at
’

t h e R oma n E m pire ; w as n o tA Ete r n al .

THU 3 m u c h c o n c e r n i n g th e Te m p o r al O r i
g i n a l o f th e E art h W e are n o w to c o n fide r th e
_
'

m an n e r o f it, an d to {h ew h o w 1 t t o fe fr o m a
C h ao s I do n o t r e m em b e r t h at an y o f th e A h
.
~

c i en ts t h at a ck n o w l e dg e th e E art h to h av e h ad

a n O rigi n al , did d e n y t h a t O rigi n a l to h a v e b e e n

t D

fr orn a C h ao s We ar e afiu r d o f b o t h fr o m t he
’
’

A u t ho rity o f Mojé s , w h o fait h , that i n the Be

‘ ‘

gi n n i n g th e E art h w as oh u B ohu , w it ho u t F o r m T
a n d V o id ; a fl u id , c o n fu s d Ma fs , w it h
’
-
.
d rk
a , .

o u t D i ii i n éti o n o f El e m e n ts ; a n d m ad e u of
p
a l l V a ri ety o f P a rts , b u t w it h o u t O rd e r , o r an y
‘

d et e r m i n at e F o rm ; w h ic h is th e tr u e D e fc r ip
,

ti o n o f a C h ao s : An d fo it is u n der fl o o d by th e
,

g en e r a l C o n fe n t o f In te rp1 e ter s b o t h H e br e w
.
‘

a n d C h r i fl i an We n e e d n o t t h e r efo re (p e n d
. .

an y ti m e h er e to pr o v e t h at th e O ri i n o f t h e
, g
L . Eart h
 62 T
h T
h
e eery
qf the B a n i
E art h w as fro m a C h ao s , fe e i n g t h at i ti i s agr eed
‘

o n by a ll t h at giv e it an y O rigi n Bu t we w il l
.

r o c e e d i mme di at e ly to e x am i ne i nt o w h at m
p
i t fir li t o fe w h e n it c am e o u t o f t h at C h ao s ; o r
'

w h at w as th e pri m e v al F o r m o f the E art h , th at

c o n ti n u e d ti l l th e D e l u g e , an d h o w th e D e l u g e

d ep en d e d u p o n it , a n d u p o n its D i flb l u ti o n .

An d t h at we m ay pr o c e e d i n t h is E n q u ir y by
f u ch e afy fi eps as an y o n e m ay r e adily fo ll o w , w e
w ill divid e it i n t o Th r ee Pr o po ftti o n s, wh e re o f
t h e fir lt is t h is i n g e n e r a l ; th a t th e F or m o th e
f
A ntedi lu v i a n E a r th , or of th e E a rth th a t r ofie
r /t r om th e Ch a os , w a s a zfil r m t r om th e F or m
’

fi f f
’

ay , a m rea t m en er a l
’
o th e
f r e ea t E ar th
fi / I f .
fi g
a

w it h o u t fp e c i fy i n g yet w h at its p artic u l ar F o r m

w as , wh ic h {h al l b e eXpr e il i n th e fo l lo w i n g Pr o
o fiti o n
p .

THI S fir fi Pr o po fitio n w e h av e i n e lf e ét pr o v d
'
’

i n th e fe co n d C h apt er ; w h e re we h av e lh e vi n ,
t h at i f th e E art h h ad b Een a lw ays i n t h is F o rm , it
l

w o u ld n o t h av e b een c ap ab le o f a D e lu g e ; fe e i n g
’

t h at c o u ld n o t h av e b ee n e ffeéted w it h o u t fu c h
'

a n i n fin it e Ma fs o f W
'

a t e r as c o u ld n e it h e r b e

bro u g h t u p o n th e E art h , n o r aft e r ward a ny w ay

r em o v e d fro m i t Bu t w e w i ll n o t c o nt en t ou r
.

fe lv es w it h t h at Pr o o f o n ly , b u t w ill pr o v e i t alfo
“

fro mth e N at u r e of th e C h ao s , an d th e m an i felt ’

C o n feq u en ces o f it An d b e cau fe t h is is a l ead

.
_

i n g Pr o po fiti o n , w e t h i n k it n o t i m pr o p e r to .

p ro v e it al fo fro m Divi ne Au t h o rity , t h er e b e i n g

a pr eg n an t Palfag e ro t h is Pu r o fe i n th e
’
p W
r i ti n g s

o f St . T eter . Wh ere tr ea ti n g o f t h is v e ry Su b
j ,
e ét t h e D e l u g ,
e h e m a n i fe fi l y p uts a di ff e r e n c e

be t w een
b e t w e e n th e An te di lu vi an E art h and th e pt e fe n t
‘

E a rt h , as to t h e i r F o r m an d C o n fi i tu t i on Th e.

D ifco ur fe i i s i n the fec o n d Ep i fil e o f St

‘

T
eter ,
.

the th ird C h apt er , w h e r e c ert ai n D e i fis , as th e y

fee m to h av e b e en ,la u g h t at th e Pr o ph ecy o f th e
D ay of J u dg m en t , an d o f th e C on fl ag r ati o n o f
/

th e Wo rld , u ftn g t h is A rg u m en t ag ai n fi
'

fi fl t e th e F a th e r s
f e ll a
jZ ee
p , a ll t h i n
g s h a v e c oat

ti naea as th ey w er efr om th e heg i am ag

’
Al l Ex
'

~
.

t ern al N at u re h ath c o n ti n u ed th e fam e w itho u t

a ny r e m ark abl e C h an e o r Alt e r ati o n a n d Wh y
g ,

{h o u ld w e b e l i eve ; fay t h e y , t h e r e w il l b e a n y
Wh at App eara n c e, or w h at Fo u n d ati o n i s t h ere
o f fu c h a R ev o l u ti o , t at a l N at u r e w ill b e
h l
'

f
n

f
di o l V ,
l e d an d th e H e a v e n s an d 1 t h e E arth c o n

fu m d w it h Fi r e , as y o u r Pro ph e ci e s pr e t en d ? So
’
‘

f r o m th e Pe r m a n e n cy a n d I m m u t ability o f N a
'

tu r e h it h e r t o , t h e y ar g u d f its P e r m an en cy a n d
’
-

Imm u t ability fo r th e fu t u r e To t h is the Ayah/the

'

a n fwer s , th at t h e y ar e w i lli n g to fo r e t , t h at the

'

g
H e av e n s an d th e E arth o f o ld h ad a p artic u l ar
F o rm an d C o nfii tu ti o n as to Wat er, by r e afo n
wher eo f th e Wo r ld , t h at t h en w as , p e r i lh d by a
’

D e l u g e An d th e H eav en s an d th e E art h t h at ar e
.

n o w , o r fin ce th e D e l u g e , h av e a p artic u l a r Co n

fi i tu ti o n 1 n r efe r e n c e to F i r e , by rea fo n w h e r eo f
t h ey a r e e xp o s d to ano th e r fo rt o f D e fir u éti o n
’

o r D ifio lu r i o n , n am e ly b y F i r e , o r by a n u n iv e r
'

fal C o n fl ag r ari o n Th e . W
o rds o f th e A o fl l e
p
'

Ch ap i i i 71
. .
7 a r e th e fe
. .

a r e wd/i n ly i nor a nt o , th a t h} th e [W
f

g g f ar d o
f
G od th e Hea v ens w er e of aid, th e E a r th ,

fifl g f V r y a nd h W
’

[ (as w e
’

e on za e a l e ] at e r ; o r

a r e n d er
 T
h T
Qhe h R T
eory E]
’
t e E A
'

. .

ou t o th e M ter
r e n de r f ,

Wa ter w h er eh} th e Wor/d tha t th en

'

ov erflow d w i th Wa ter p er t d B u t th e
'

/ hi
’

, .

‘
v em a nd th e E a r th th a t h y th e fa me
a r e now ,

Wor a a r e lee
’
fl’ r fir u a u nto F i r e a a i fi
'
'

t in
’

or e,
e g a
a f

th e 9 a] 0 7 g m
aaen t W e {h a l l h av e o ccafi
.

o n , it m ay b e , h e r e aft e r to giv e a fu ll Ill u ftr a a

t i o n o f th e fe Wo rds ; b u t at p r e fent w e {h al l
o n ly t a k e 11 0 ti e e o f t h is i n g en e r al , t h a t th e

A p o file h e r e d o t h pl ai n ly i n ti m at e fo m e di ffe L -

r e n c e t h at was b e t w een th e o ld Wo rld and th e

r e fe n t Wo rld , i n t h e ir F o r m an d C o n fii tu ti o n ;
p
o r b e t w ixt th e A n t e dil u vi an an d th e p r e fe nt

E art h , by r e afo n o f w h ich differ e n ce; tl1 at Was

fu b jeét to p er i lh by a D e lu g e , as t h is is fu b jefl to
.
p e r i lh by C o n fl ag r ati o n A n d as t h is is th e g e n e;
.

r al A i r an d I m p o rt an c e o f t h is D i fco u r fe o f th e

Apo fi le s, w h ic h e v e ry o n e at fir fi fig h t w o u ld di f
’

co ver ; fo w e m ay i n fe v er al p artic u l ar w ays

pr o v e fro m it o u r fir fi Pr o po fitio n , w h ic h n o w ’

w e m u ft r e t u r n to ; Q ui z ) h a t th e F or m a nd
. T
Confii ta tzoa of th e Antedi lu v i a n E a r th w a s
'

ef
f er ent
fl ow th a t o th e
f p f r e ea t E a r th T h is .

m ay b e i n fer r d fr o m th e Ap o fil e s D i fc o u r fe,
’ ’

fir fr, b e c au fe h e m ak e s an o p pofiti o n b et w i x t
’

t h e fe t w o E a rt h s , o r t h e fe tw o n aru ra l Wo r lds ; . ,

a n d t h at n o t o n ly i n r e fp e ét o f t h e ir F at e , th e

W
,

o ne
p e r i lh i n
g by at e r , a s t h e o t h e r w ill p e

ri ih by Fire , b u t a l fo i n r e fp eCt o f t h e ir di ffe r en t

D i fpo fiti o n an d C o n fii tu ti o n l eadi n g to t h is di f
fe tc h t Eate ; fo r o th er w i fe h i s fi th Verfi is fu
f
er fl u o u s , an d h i s I n fe r en c e i n t h e fix th u n
p
gro u n d ed ; you fee h e pr emifet
 Th Th ory f
e eE A R T 11 o th e .

a n d c o n feq u e n tly t h e p r e fe n t E art h is o f an tr

1 -
,

t h e r F o r m a n d Fr am e fr o m w h at it h ad b e fo r e
th e D e l u g e w h ic h w as th e t h i n g to b e pr o v e d .

L A s T L Y L e t u s c o n fide r w h at it is th e Ap o
,

fi l e t e lls th e fe Sc o ffe rs t h at t h e y w e r e ig n o r an t
o f : N o t t h at t h e r e w as a D e l u g e t h e y c o u ld n o t ,

b e ig n o r an t o f t h at ; n o r d o t h h e t e ll t h em t h at
t h e y w er e Bu t h e t e lls t h em t h at t h ey w e r e i g
.

n o t an t t h at th e H e av e n s an d th e E art h o f o ld

w e r e fo an d fo c o n fii tu ted a ft e r a di ffe r en t m an ,

n e r t h an t h e y ar e n o w an d t h at th e St at e o f Na
,

t u r e w as c h an g d at th e D e l u g e ; i f t h e y h ad
’

k n o w n o r att e n d e d to t h is t h e y h ad m ad e n o ,

fu c h O b jeéi i o n n o r u s d an y fu c h A r g u m en t as
’ '

t h e y did ag ai n fi th e fu t u r e C o n fl ag r ati o n o f th e
Wo rld Th ey pr e t en d e d t h at t h er e h ad b e en n o
.

C h an g e i n N at u r e fi n c e th e b e gi n n i n g an d th e ,

Ap o i tle i n an fwer t ells t h em t h at t h e y ar e w i l

’
,

l i n g ly ig n o r an t o f th e fir fi C o n fii tu ti o n o f th e
'

H eav e n s an d t h e E art h an d o f t h at C h an g e an d
, ,

D i ifo lu ti o n t h at h app e n d to t h e m i n th e D e l u g e ;
’

a n d h o w th e r e fe n t H e av e n s an d E art h h av e
p
an o t h e r C o n fl i tu ti o n w h e r e by i n lik e m an n e r
,

t h e y ar e ex p o s d i n G o d s du e ti m e t o b e c o n
’

,
’

fu m d o r di lfo lv d by Fir e Th is is th e pl ai n e a fy
’ ’

.
,

a n d n at u r a l I m p o rt o f th e A o l tl e s D i fc o u r fe
‘ ’

p
t h u s all th e P arts o f it ar e c o h e r en t an d th e Sen fe ,

g e n u i n e a n d app o fite an d t h is is a fu l l C o n fir
,

m ati o n o f o u r fir lt an d g e n er al Affe r ti o n Th at
‘
,

th e a n tedz/a v za a E a r th w a s of a noth er F or m
'

r om th e r e/ea t E a r th T
f h is h at h b e e n o b fe r v d
’

fi .

fo r m er ly by fo m e o f th e A n ci en ts fr o m t h is
Te xt b u t t h at i t h at h n or b een g e n e r al l y o b fe r v d
,
’

w as p artly b ecaufe t h eyh ad n o T h eo r y to b ack

f uch
 Th T lag e
e e a na
’
ffl ifi htti on 67 o th e E a r th .

fu c h an I n t erpr e t ati o n a n d m ak e it i n t e lligibl e 5

,

a n d p artly b ec au fe t h e y did n o t o b fer v e t h at th e ,

Ap o fil e s D i fco u r fe h e r e w as an A rg u m e n t ati o n
’

a n d n o t a b ar e A ffir m ati o n o r fim p l e C o n tr a
.
,

diéti o n to th o fe t h at r ai s d t h e Scr u pl e tis a n

’ ’

An fw er u p o n a G r o u n d t ak en h e p r em i fe th an d , ,

t h en i n fe rs i n th e fifth an df x th V er fes c o n
, ,

c e r n i n g th e D e l u g e an d i n th e ev erzth
f co n ,

c er n i n g th e C o n fl ag r ati o n An d w h en I h ad di f .

c ov er d 1 11 m y Th o u g h ts fro m th e C o n fider ati o n

’

o f th e D e l u g e an d o t h e r n at u r a l R ea fo n s
, t h at ,

th e E art h w as c e rt ai n ly o n c e i n an o t h e r F o r m it ,

w as a gr e at Afiu r an c e an d C o n fir m ati o n to m e
’

w h e n I r efl eéte d o n t h is pl ac e o f St Teter s ;
’

wh ic h fe em s to b e fo m u c h dir ecte d an d i n t e n d e d
for th e fam e p u r p o fe o r to t e ac h u s th e fa m e
,

C o n c lu f o n t h at t h o u g h I defig n d c h i efly a Ph i
’

l o fo ph i cal Th eo ry o f th e fe Th i n gs y e t I {h o u ld ,

n o t h av e t h o u g h t w e h a d b ee n ju fi t o Pr o vid en c e ,
"
i f w e h ad n eg le éted to t ak e N o tic e o f t h is P all ag e
a n d S acr e d Ev i d e n c e ; w h ic h fe e m s to h av e b e e n

l eft u s o n pu r p o fe to e xcit e o u r E n q u iri e s a n d ,

fir en g th en o u r R e a fo n i n g s c o n c e r n i n g th e fir lt ,

St at e o f Th i n gs Th u s m u c h fr o m Divi n e A u
.

th o r i ty : We pr o c e e d n o w to pr o v e t h e fa m e
Pr o po fiti o n fr o m R e afo n a n d Ph i lo fo p h y an d ,

th e C o n t em pl ati o n o f th e C h ao s fr o m w h en c e ,

th e fir fi E art h ar o fe .

W E n e ed n o t u p o n t h is O c c afio n m ak e a p ar
t i c u la r D e fc r i pti o n o f th e C h ao s b u t o n ly c o n ,

h d e r it as a fl u id Mafs o r a Mafs o f a ll fo rts of

,

l ittl e P arts a n d P articl e s o f Matt e r m i x d t o g e

’

t h e r an d fl o ati n g 1 n C o n fufto n o n e w it h an o
t h er T
, ,

i s i mpofii b le t h at th e s ur fac e o f t h is
’
.

E z
68 h T
T h r f th e E A R r H
e eo
y o
'
.

Mafs {h ou ld b e o f fa ch a F o r m an d Fig u r e as ,

t h e Su r fac e o f o u r p r e fc n t E art h is : O r t h at an y

C o n c r e ti o n o r c o n fifien t St at e w h ic h t h is Mafs
c o u l d fl o w i n t o i m m edi at e ly o r fir lt fettl e i n , ,

c o u l d b e o f fa c h a F o r m an d Figu r e as o u r pr e
fen t E art h Th e h r ft o f th e fe Affe r ti o n s is o f e afy
’
.

pro o f ; fo r a fl u id B o dy we k no w w h et h e r it b e
, ,

Wat e r o r an y o t h er L iq u o r alw ays c all s it fe lf ,

i n t o a fm o o th a n d fp h er i c al S u r fac e ; an d i f an y
Par ts by C h an c e o r by fo m e Agit ati o n b e co m e
, , ,

h ig h e r t h an th e r efi t h ey do n o t c o n t i nu e fo b u t
, ,

glid e d o w n ag ai n e v e ry w ay i n t o th e lo we r Pl a
c e s till t h e y a ll c o m e t o m ak e a S u rfa c e o f th e
,

fa m e h e ig h t an d o f t h e fam e di fian c e e v e ry
,

w h e r e fr o m th e C en t e r o f t h e ir G r avit y A .

Mo u n t ai n o f W at er is a t h i n g i mpo fl i b le i n Na
t u r e an d w h e r e t h er e ar e n o Mo u n t ai n s t h er e
,

a r e n o V al l e ys S o alfo a D en o r C av e wit h i n
.

t h e W at e r t h at h at h n o W a l l s b u t t h e liq u i d
,

E l em e n t is a Str u Ctur e u n k n o w n to Ar t or Na
,

t u re all t h i n gs t h e re m u tt b e fu ll w it h i n and ,

e v en an d l e v e l w it h o u t u n le fs fo m e e xt er n al
,

F o rc e k ee p t h e m by Vi o l e n c e i n an o t h e r Po ftu r e ’
.

Bu t is t h is th e F o r m o f o u r E art h w h ic h is n e i ,

t h e r r eg u l arly m ad e w it h i n n or w it h o u t Th e
S u r fac e an d e xt eri o r P arts ar e bro k e n i n t o all
fo rts o f I n e q u a liti es Hills an d D al e s Mo u n t ai n s
, ,

a n d V all e ys ; an d th e p la i n e r T r aits o f it li e g e
‘

n er all y i n c li n d o r b e n di n g o n e w a t h er
’

y o r o ,

fo m e ti m es u p o n an e afy D e fcen t an d o t h e r ,

ti m e s w it h a m o r e fen fib le an d u n eafy Steep n e fs ;

a n d t h o u g h th e gr e at Mo u n t ai n s o f th e E art h

w e r e t ak en all aw ay th e r e m ai n i n g p ar ts w o u ld
'

b e m o r e u neq u al t han th e r ou h eftSea wh er e as

g
tiIC
 Th e Th eory of E AR r H th e
'
.

a litt l e u p o n an H e ap ; b u t th e P arts o f L iqu o r s

b e i n g glib an d c o n ti n u al ly i n m o ti o n t h ey fal l
, ,

o ff fr o m o n e an o t h e r w h ic h w ay fo ev er G r a
,

v i ry i n cli n e s t h e m a n d c a n n e it h e r h av e a n y
,

Hills o r E m i n e n ci e s o n t h e ir S u r fac e n o r an y ,

Ho llo w n e fs w it h i n t h e ir Su b fl an ce .

Y o u w ill a ck n o w l e dg e it m ay b e t h at t h is , ,

i s tr u e an d t h at a l iq u id Mafs o r C h ao s w h il e
, ,

it w as liq u id w as i n c ap abl e o f e it h er th e o u t
,

w ard o r i n w ard F o r m o f th e E art h ; b u t w h en

it c am e to a C o n cr eti o n to a St at e o f C o n flfl en
,

c y a n d F i r m n e fs t h e n it m ig h t g o y o u ll fay
, ,
’

i n t o a n y F o rm N o n o t i n its firft C o n cr eti o n

.
, ,

n o r i n its fir fi St at e o f C o n fl fl e n c e fo r t h at
wo u ld b e o f th e fam e F o r m t h at th e S u r fac e o f
i t w as w h en it w as liq u id as Wat e r w h en it ,

c o n g e als th e S u r fa c e o f th e Ic e is fm o o th an d
,

l e v e l as t h e S u r fac e o f th e W at e r w as b e fo r e ;
,

fo Me t als o r a n y o t h e r S u b fian c es m e lt e d o r
, ,

L iqu o rs t h at o f t h e m fe lv e s gr o w fli ff an d h ard e n ,

a l w ays fe tt l e i n t o th e fam e F o r m w h ic h t h e y h ad

w h e n t h e y w e r e l afl liq u id an d ar e al w ays fo l i d
,

w it h i n an d fm o o th w it h o u t u n l e fs t h e y b e c afl:
, ,

i n a Mo u ld t h at h i n d e rs th e Mo ri o n an d F l u x
,

o f t h e P arts S o t h at t h e ti nt c o n cr e t e St at e o r
‘
‘

c o nfl fl e n t S u r fa c e o f t h e C h ao s m u t t b e o f th e
fam e F o r m o r Fig u r e w i th t h e l afi l i q u i d St at e
it w as i n fo r t h at is th e Mo u ld as it wer e u p o n , ,

wh ic h it i s c all ; as th e S h e l l o f a n Egg is o f a
lik e F o r m w n h th e S u r fac e o f th e L iq u o r it li e s
u po n A n d t h er e fo r e b y An al o gy w it h all 0
'

t h e r L iq u o rs a n d C o n cr e ti o n s th e F o r m o f th e ,

C h ao s w h et h e r liq u id o r c o n cr e t e c o u ld n o t
, ,

b e th e fam e w it h that o f th e prefen t E art h o r ,

l ik e
 The Tel g e and fl ifl l
o a ti on
f th e E a r th
'

a o 7 r .

Ii k e it : An d c o n fe q u en tly, t h at F o r m o f th e
‘

firft o r p r i m o g e n i alE ar th w h ic h t o fe i m m edi at e

l y o u t o f th e C h ao s , w as n o r t h e fam e, n or l ik e
to t h at o f th e pr e fe n t E art h w h ic h w as th e fl r ft
’

a n d pr e p ar at o ry Pr o o fl ti o n w e l a id d o w n to
p
b e p r o v d An d t h is b e i n g p r o v d by th e Au th o
’ ’

r ity b o t h o f o u r R e afo n an d o u r R el igi o n , w e

w i ll n o w pr o c ee d to th e fec o n d wh ic h is m or e
p artic ular .

C H A P . V .

Th e Second Tr op ofiti on i s la i d dow n, vi z . Th at

th e F a c e o f th e E art h b efo r e th e D e l u g e w as
fm o o t h r eg u lar an d u n i fo r m ; w it h o u t Mo u n
,

t ai n s an d with o u t a S ea T
,

, h e Cha os ou t of
.

w h i ch th e hVor ld r ofe i s f u lly ex a mi n d an d

’

a ll i ts Moti ons ohfer v d a nd h] w h a t S tep s i t

’

w r oug h t i tfelf i nto a n h a hi ta hle hVor ld S ome

Thi
.

i n A nti ui ty r ela ti n to th efirfi S ta te

g n s
q g
of th e E a r th a r e i nter r eted, a nd ome
p f h i n
g s T
i n th e S a cr ed t i ti ng s h e fl i v i ne fl r t. T
a nd Geometry i n th e Con r a ét i on o th e
fi f fir/ l
' '

E ar th i s ohfier v d a nd celebr a ted

’

E
h av e fe e n it pr ov d, i n th e fo r eg o i ng
’

C h apt e r, Th at th e F o r m o f th e ti nt o r
an t e dil u vi an E art h w as n o t th e fam e, n o r l ik e
th e F o r m o f th e
p r e fen t E art h T h is is o ur .

fir fl D i fco v er y at a di fl anc e , b u t tis o n ly g e n e

’
~

r al an d n e g ativ e , t ell s u s w h at th e F o r m o f

th at E ar th w as n o t, b u t t e lls u s n o t ex pr e fl y
‘

w h at it w as ; t h at m u ll b e o u r n ext E n q u ir y,
a n d adv an ci n g o n e fl e fart h e r i n o u r T h o ry ,
'

p e

we l ay d o wn t h i s fec on d Pr o ofiti on :
p h at T
th e
72 . The T
h eory of
-

the E A R i n .

th e F a ce a r th he or e th e {Delu e w ar
th e
E
f o
f g
f m ooth r u la r a n d u n for m u t Mou n
i w i th
e
g
, , o
t a i ns a n w i th ou t a S ea T
, h is is a b o ld St ep ,
.

a n d c arri e s u s i n t o a n o t h e r Wo rld w h ic h w e
,

h av e ne ver fee n , n or e v er
h e ard an y r e l a
y et
ti o n o f ; an d a Wo rld , it fe em s, o f v ery di ffer en t
“
S c e n es a n d Pr o fp eé ts fr o m o u rs, o r fr o m an y
’

t h i ng w e h av e y e t k n o wn An E ar t h w it h o u t a
.

S e a, a n d pl ai n as th e E l a n Fi e lds ; i f yo u tr a
yfi
v e l it a ll o v e r , o u w ill n o t m e e t w it h a Mo u n
y
t ai n o r a R o ck , y e t w e l l pro vid e d o f all r eq u i
ftte t h i ngs fo r a n h a bit abl e Wo rld an d th e fam e
i n d e e d w it h th e E a rt h w e {till i n h a bit , o n ly u n
d er a n o t h e r F o r m A n d t h is is th e gr e at Th i n g
.

t h at n o w c o m e s i n t o d e b at e, th e gr eat P ar ad o x
w h ic h w e o ffe r to b e e x ami n e d , an d w h ic h w e
a ffir m , T h at th e E ar t h , i n its fir fl R i fe an d F o r
m ati o n fr o m a C h ao s , w as o f th e F o r m h e r e de
fcr i b e d, an d fo c o n ti n u e d for m an y h u n dr eds o f
Y e ars .

To e x am i n e pr o ve t h is w e m u ft r et u rn
an d ,
’

t o t h e b e gi n ni n g o f th e Wo rld an d to t h a t ,

C h ao s o u t o f w h ic h th e E art h a n d a ll fu b lu
n ary t h i n gs ar o fe Ti s th e Mo ti o n s an d Pr o
’

f f t h is w h ic h w m ff w c o n fi d er
g re s o , e u n o ,

a n d w h at F o r m it fe ttl ed i n t o w h en it fir lt b e

c a m e a n h abit ab l e W o rld .

N E 1 TH E R is it p e rh aps fu g h an i n tric at e
Thi n g as w e i m agi ne at firfi Sig h t to tr ac e a ,

C h ao s i n t o a n h a bit abl e Wo rl d at l eafi t h e r e

is a p artic u l ar Pl ea fu r e to fe e t h i n gs i n t h ei r O r i
by w h D e g r e es an d fu c ce fl i v C h ;
'

a t e an

e s t h e y ri fe i n t o t h at O rd e r an d St at e w e fe e
g
t h em 1 11 aft er w ards when c om p leat ed I am
, .

fu r e ,
74 Th e Theory ofE A R T HE th e

N at u r e by th e Divi n e P o w er an d Wi fdom it ‘

w as w r o u g h t by d e gr e e s fr o m o n e F o r m i n t o
an o t h e r till it fett le d at l en gt h i n t o an h abit a
’

b le E art h ; a n d t h a t o f fu c h a Fr am e a n d Str u c ;
t u r e as w e h av e defc r i b ed i n t h is feco n d Pr o \
,
~

p fi
oti o n .

B Y t h e C h ao s I u n de r fl an d th e Matt e r o f th e
E art h H e av en s w it h o u t F o rm o r O rd e r ;
an d ,

r e du c d i n t o a fl u id Mafs w h e r e i n ar e t h e Mat e
’

r i a ls an d I n gr e di e n ts o f all B o di e s b u t m i n g l e d ,

i n C o n fu fto n o n e w it h a n o t h e r A s i f y ou .

lh o u ld fu fe a l l fo rts o f Me t a ls Go ld Si lv e r
pp o , , ,

L e ad , m e lt e d d o w n t o g e t h e r i n a c o m m o n '

Mafs an d fo m i n gl ed t h at th e P a rts o f n o o n e
, ,

Me t al c o u l d b e di fc er n d as di fti n é t fro m th e r efl
’
‘ ’
,

t h is w o u ld b e a l ittl e Me talli c k C h ao s : Sup po fe

t h en th e El em en ts t h u s m i n gl e d Ai r Wat er
, , ,

an d E art h w h ic h ar e th e Pri n cip le s o f all Te r

,

r e ll r i al Bo di es m i n g le d I fay w i t h o u t a n y
, ,

O rd e r o f h ig h er o r l o w e r h e avi e r o r lig h t e r
, ,

fo li d o r v o lati le i n fu ch a ki n d o f co n fu s d Mafs
’

,
as is h e r e r ep r e fe n te d i n t h e fir fl Sc h e m e .

L E T t h is t h e n r e r e fe n t to u s th e C h aos ; i n
p
w h ic h th e fir ft C h a n g e t h at w e fh o u ld 1 m a 1 n e
’ o
tD
t o h app e n w o u l d b e t h is t h at th e h e av i e fl an cl
,

r o fl e lt P arts w o u ld li n k d o w n t o w a rds th e m i d
'

g
d le o f it ( fo r t h er e w e fu ppo fe th e C en t e r o f i ts
,

G r avity ) an d th e 1 e lt w o u ld fl o at ab o v e Th efe .

g r o li e r P a rts t h u s fu n k d o w n a n d co m p r e fs d
’

m o r e an d m o r e w o u ld h ard e n by d egr ee s an d
, ,

c o n fl i tu te th e i n t e ri o u r P a rts o f th e E art h : T he
r efl o f t h e Ma fs w h ic h fwi m s ab o v e w o u ld b e
, ,

a l fo divid e d by t h e fa m e Pri n cipl e o f G r avit y

i n t o t \\ o O r d e1 s o f B o di es th e o n e liqu id lik e ,

Water,
7b Th e Theory f E A R T 11 o th e .

h er e an d th e m o r e o i ly an d l ig h t P art o f t h is
,

Mafs wo u ld g et ab o v e th e o t h er an d fwi m u p ,

o n it Th e w h o le Mafs b e i n g divid e d i n t o
.

t wo l elfer Malfe s an d ( 0 th e G lo b e wo u ld fl an d
,

as w e fe e it i n t h e t h ird Fig u r e .

H 1 T H E R T o th e Ch ang es o f th eC h aos ar e
e afy a n d u n q u e fl i o n ab le an d w o u ld b e di fp atch t
,

i n a fh o r t ti m e ; w e m u ff n o w l o o k o v e r ag ai n
t h e fe t wo gr eat Malfes o f th e [ fi r and Wa ter ,

a n d c o n fl de r h o w t h e ir I m p u riti es o r g r o fl er
'

P arts w o u ld b e di fpo s d o f fo r w e c an no t i m a
’

gi n e b u t t h ey w er e b o t h at firlt v e ry mu dd y
a n d i m p u r e : A n d as th e W at e r w o u ld h av e its

S e di m e n t w h ic h w e ar e n o t h er e c o n cer n d to
,
’

l o o k aft e r fo th e gr e at R egi o n s o f th e Ai r w o u ld
,

c e rt ai n ly h av e t h e ir S e di m e n t to o for th e Ai r
w as as y et t h ick gr o fs an d d ark t h e r e b e i n g an
, ,

a b u n d an c e o f l ittl e T e r r efl r i al P articl e s fw i m

m i n g i n it fl i ll aft e r th e g r o ifeft w e r e fu n k
,

do wn w h ic h by t h e ir He av i n e fs an d l u m p i lh
,

Fig u re m ad e t h e ir w ay m o r e e ali ly an d fpee di

,

Iy Th e l e lT e r an d l ig h t e r w h i ch r e m ai n d w o u ld
’

l i n k to o b u t m o r e fl o wl y an d i n a lo n g er ti m e ;
, ,

fo as i n t h e ir D e fc en t t h e y w o u ld m e e t w it h t h at
o i ly L iq u o r u p o n th e F ac e o f t h e D e e p o r u p o n ,

t h e w at e ry Mafs w h i ch w o u ld e n t an g le an d
,

fl o p t h em fro m p afl i n g an y fu rt h e r ; w h er e u p ;
o n m ixi n g t h e r e w it h t h at u n a u o u s Su b ftan c e ,

t h ey c o m p o s d a c ert ai n Sli m e o r fat fo ft an d

’

, , ,

l ig h t E art h fpr ead u p o n th e F a c e o f th e Wat er s;

,

a s tis r e pr e fe n t e d i n th e fo u rt h Fig u re
’ ' '

TH 1 3 th i n an d t en d e r O r b of E art h i n cr eas d ’

fi i ll m o r e an d m o r e as th e l it tl e e art h y P arts
,

t h at w er e detai n d i n t h e Air c ould m ak e th e i r

'
’ ‘

3 Way ,
78 The Theory of th e
E AR TH .

d o n e b efo r e th e A i r w as c lear d o f e art h y Par 3

’
-

t i c le s t h at (
,
0 t h e y m ig h t b e c atc h t a n d fl o t
p
t h e r e i n t h eir D e fc e n t Wh e r e as i f a ll th efe
.

P articl e s w er e fall en o u t o f th e A i r b e fo r e t h at
S ep ar ati o n w as m ad e i n th e liq u id Mafs t h e y
’

w o u ld fal l d o wn t h r o u g h th e Wat e r as th e ,

fir lt did an d fo n o C o n cr e ti o n w o u ld b e m ad e
’
, ,

n o r a n y e art h y C r u fl fo r m d u p o n th e F a c e o f
’

t h e Wat e rs a s w e h e r e fu e t h e r e w as T i
’

, pp o f s .

t ru e , t h er e c o u ld b e n o fa c h Or b o f E art h
fo r m d t h er e i f th e Ai r w as w h ol ly pu rg d o f
’ ’

a l l its e art h y Part s b efo r e th e Ma fs o f L iq u ids

b e g an t o p u ri fy it fe lf an d t o fep ar ate th e o ily

'

P arts fro m th e m o r e h eavy Bu t t h is is an u n

r e a fo n ab le an d i n cr e dibl e S u pp o fl ti o n i f w e ,

c o n fl de r t h e Mafs o f th e Ai r w as m an y t h ou
,
.

fan d Ti m e s gr e at e r t h an th e Wat er an d w o u ld ,

i n Pr o p o rti o n r eq u ir e a gr eat e r Ti m e to b e
p u r i fy d
’

; t h e P articl e s t h at w e r e i n th e R e gi o n s
o f th e A i r h avi n g a l o n g w ay t o c o m e b efo r e

t h e y r eac h d th e w at e ry Mafs a n d far l o n g e r

’ '

t h an th e o i ly P artic le s h ad to ri fe fro m an y P art

o f t h at Mafs to th e S u r fac e o f it Befl des . we ,

m ay fu ppo fe a gr e at m an y d egr ee s o f L i ttle n efs

a n d L i g h tn efs i n th e fe eart h y P articl e s fo a s ,

m an y o f t h e m m ig h t fl o at i n th e Ai r a g o o d
w h il e l ik e Ex h alati o n s b efo r e t h e y fe l l d o wn
, .

A n d l afi ly We do n o t fu ppo fe th e S ep ar ati o n

,

o f t h e fe t w o L iq u o rs w h o lly m ad e an d fin i lh d
’

b e fo r e th e P u rg ati o n o f th e Ai r b eg an th o w e ,
’

r e r e fe n t t h e m fo fo r D i fl i n éti o n fak e L e t t h em
’

p
b eg i n to p u ri fy at th e fam e ti m e i f yo u p le afe
’

, ,

t h e fe P arts r i fl n u p wa rds a n d th o fe fal l i n g

g ,

do wn w ards t h ey w i ll mee t i n th e m idd le an d

, ,

u m te
 Th e Telug e and Tiflh luti on oft he E ar th .
79

un it e an d g r o w ,
i n to one B o dy w e h ave de
, as

fc r i b d An d t h is B o dy o r n e w C o n cr e tio n
’

w o u ld b e i n cr e as d d aily , b e i n g fe d an d fu pply d
’ ’

b o t h fro m a b o v e an d b e l o w ; an d h avi n g do ne
gro wi ng, it w o u ld b e c o m e m o re dry by d eg ree s ,
and o f a T e m p e r o f gr e at e r C o n fifl e n cy a n d

F ir m n efs , fo a s tr u ly to r efem b le an d b e fit to
mak e an h abit ab le E arth , fu ch as N at u r e i n
ten d e d i r fo r .

T
B U yo u w il l fu rt h er o b jeét, i t m ay b e, th at
fu ch an Effe ét as t h is wo u ld i n d e e d b e n e c efl a
’ ’

r y i n fo m e D e gr e e a n d Pr o p o rti o n , b u t n o t i n

fu c h a Pro p o rti o n , an d i n fu ch Ql an ti ty, as

w o u ld b e fu fli c i en t to m ak e t h is C r u fl o r c o n ‘

c r e t e O r b an h a bit abl e E a rt h . Th is I c o n fefs

a p pea r d to m e at fir ft a r ea l Di ffic u lty , till I c o n
’ ’

fide r d b ett e r th e gr e at di fpr o p o r ti on t h e r e is b e

’

t w ixt th e R egi o n s o f th e Ai r an d th e C irc u m

f er e n c e o f th e E art h , o r o f t h at e xt eri o r O r b o f
t h e E art h , w e ar e n o w a m aki n g w h ic h b e i ng
m an y th o u fan d ti m e s l e fs i n D e pt h an d Ext en t
t h an th e R egi o n s o f th e Ai r , t ak en as h ig h as the
Mo o n, th o th e fe e art h y P articl e s w e [p e ak o f
’

w e r e v e ry t h i n ly di fp er s d t h r o th o fe v al tTr ack s
’ ’
’

o f th e A i r , w h e n t h e y c am e to b e c o lle fte d an d

a m afsld t o g e t h e r u p o n th e S u r fa c e o f a far l e ffe r

Sp h e r e, th ey w o u ld co nfii tu te a B o dy o f a v er y
c o n fide r ab l e T h i ck n e fs an d S o lidity We fee
.

t h e E art h fo m e ti m es c o v er d w it h S n o w t w o
’

o r t h r e e F e e t d e e p , m ad e u ly f l itt l e Fl ak e s
p o n o

o r Pi e c e s o f Ic e, w h ic h fa lli n g fr o m th e m i ddl e

R e gio n o f t h e A i r , an d m e eti n g w it h th e E art h

tn t h e ir D e fc e n t, ar e t h e r e fi o p d an d h eap d
’ ’

u
p o n e u
p o n a n o t h e r
. B u t i f w e lh o u l d fupp o fe

l itt le
 T
h T
h e f
eo yr o T Hth e EA R .

l itt le P articl e s o f E art h to fl l O WCl d ow n, n é t

‘ ’

o n ly fr o m t h e m iddl e R e gi o n b u t fr o m t h e ,

w h o l e C ap acity an d Ext e n t o f th o fe v aft Sp ac e s

’

t h at ar e b et w ixt u s an d th e MOO11 w e c o u ld ,

n o t i m agi n e b u t t h e le w o u ld co n fii tu te a n O r b

o f E art h fo m e t h o u fan ds o f ti m es d e ep e r t h an

t h e g r e ateft S n o w ; w h ic h b e i n g i n cr e as d an d
’ ’

fw o ln by t h at o i ly L iq u o r it fe ll i n t o a n d i n ,

c o r po r ate d w it h it w o u ld b e t h ick fi r o n g an d
, , ,

gr e at en o u g h i n all r efpeCts to r en d e r it an h a
bit abl e E art h .

W E c an n o t d o u bt t h er e fo r e b u t fa c h a B o dy
a s t h is w o u ld b e fo r m d a n d w o u ld b e fu ffic i
’

ent in u a n ti ty fo r an h a bit abl e E art h Th e n .

fo r th e Qi ali ty o f it it w ill an fw er all th e Pu r

,

es o f a R ifin or ld Wh at c an b e a m o r e
'

p o f g hV .

p r o p e r S e m i n ary fo r P l an ts a n d A n i m als t h an ,

a S o i l o f t h is T e m p e r a n d C o m o fiti o n ?
p A
fi n e r an d lig h t er fo rt o f E art h m i x d w it h a b e
’

n i g n J u ic e e a fy a n d o b e di e n t t o th e Afi i o n o f
,

t h e S u n o r o f w h at o t h e r C au fes w e r e e m p l o y d
’

by th e Au t h o r o f N at u r e fo r th e Pr o dué ti o n o f
,
’

Th i ngs i n th e n e w m ad e E art h Wh at fo rt o r - ,

d i fpo fl ti o n o f m att e r c o u ld b e m o r e fit a n d r eady

t o c atc h L i fe fr o m H e av e n a n d to b e dr aw n ,

i n t o all F o r m s t h an th e R u di m en ts o f L i fe o r ,

t h e B o di e s o f l ivi n g C r e at u r es w o u ld r eq u ir e ?

Wh at S o i l m o r e pro p e r fo r V e g et ati o n t h an
t h is w ar m Mo i fl u r e w h ic h c o u ld h av e n o F au lt
, ,

u n le fs it w as too fe rtil e a n d l u x u ri an t ? An d

t h at is n o F au lt n eit h e r at th e b egi n n i n g o f a
Wo rld Th is I a m fu r e o f t h at th e L earn e d a
.
,
.

m o n g fl th e An ci e n ts b o t h G r eeks w g yp ti
, ,

a ns T
, heeni ci a ns an d o t h ers h av e defcr i b e d th e
, ,

p ri m o
 ‘

The Theory bf the E

‘

AR TH?
wk e n ow o f, to m ak e
I n e qu ality i n i t we
an y .
,

m u ll c o n c lu d e it e q u al an d u n i fo r m an d w it h ,

o hr Mo u n t ai n s a s a lfo w it h o u t a S e a ; fo r th e
,

S ea an d al l th e Mafs o f Wat e rs was e n c lo s d

’

wit h i n t h is e xt eri o r E art h w h ich h ad n o Oth er

Ba fis o r F o u n d ati o n t o r efl u p o n .

THE Co n t em pl ati o n o f th e fe t h i n gs an d o f ,

t h is P o ll u t e o f th e E art h u p o n th e Wat e rs d o t h
‘

fo ll r o n g ly b r i n g t o Mi n d c e rt ai n Paffag es o f
S c ript u r e (w h ic h w
, i ll r e cu r i n an ot h e r P lac e )
t h at w e c an no t ; w it h out I n j u ry to Tr u t h p al s
‘

t h e m by h e r e 1 n file ri c e Pa fl ag e s t h a t h av e fa c h
.

a ma n i fefl R é fe m b l an c e an d A gr e em en t to t h i s

F o r m an d Situati o n o f t h e E art h ; t h at t h e y
t o p oi n t at it : Su c h ar e th o fe E x ~

th e Pfalm lfl G od h a th ou nded th e

f ,

the S ea s An d 1 n a no t h e r Pfalm
’
.
,

Wi fdo m an d Po Wer o f Go d 1 rr
'

th e C r eati o n , h e fa it h To hi m who a lone doth ‘

wond
,

h i m h ma de
'

r ea t t
er s ; to
g
th e Heav ens ; to h i nt th a t
e d out th e E a r th a hov e th e Wa ter s Wh at c an
.

be m o r e pl a i n o r pr o p e r t o deno te t h at F o rm

of th e E art h t h at w e h av e de fcri b d , a n d to e x
’

e fs p artic u l arly t h e In c lo fu r e o f th e at e rs W
'

p t

w it h i n th e E art h , as w e h av e r epr efe n te d t h e m ?

‘

He fa i th 1 n a ho th e r P lac e , By th e [70r d of th e
L or d w er e th e Hea v ens ma de ; h e jha t up th e
W a ter s o th e Sea a s i n B a s , (
f g f
o r fo th e o rd W
i s to b e r e n d e r d, a n d 1 s r en der d by a ll, e xc ep t
' ' ’

t h e E n lz
” g jh ) a nd lai d u
p th e w h /
y s a s i n

h o tfes Th is , yo u fee , is v e ry c on fo r m abl e to

i
‘ ’ '

th at Syll ehi o f t h e Eafl h an d Sea, wh ic h w e h av e

d
’

1 p p
t o b s
 T l aafi rfi latzoa o f he E a fth S
’ ’

he fi e u
g e fa t ‘
.

e ds d h ere l Y e t t h er e is fo me th i n g m or e fex
’
' '

’ '

r
p p
.
' . ~

an mll t h is
'

p t e fs th i n th fit r ern ar k ab lep lac e in

l ’ ‘

,
’ ’

t h el T S m
'

r otte fih s o f o lo o a f w lte r e t f a
’
om d e t

ti n g h er An tiqu ity an d i fl e n ce b efo r e th é

'

e la
'

F o un d ati on o f th e E art h ; amo n g fl o t h e r t h i ngs .

fait h fl r o v vi ii 2 7 Wh en h ep r eoa r ed th e Hea

'
'
’ f ‘
.
, . .
l
.

Sa ff a r e of th e A hfl l ; or wh e n he fer an O r b
’

th e
u pb n th e i Face o f th e i A b yfs
f We r en d er i t i n
’

.
. .

t h e E a l /hk Com afi , 6 1: Czn le, b u tl fti s m o r e

g
'
‘

g p
t r ul y re n er fd a n O r b o r Sph er e ; an d wh a
'

t Or b
o r Sp h e ri cal Bo d y w as t h is , w h i ch at th e iF o r m a ~

t io n o f t h e E art h w as b u ilt an d p lac d r ou n d a

’ ’

b o u t the Ab yfs , b u t th at WD n der fu l A r ch ,w h o fe

'

F o rm and Pr odu €ti o n we h av e de fcr i b d, e n com

'

'
-

a fii n t h e l Ma fs of Wa t e r s ; w h ic h i n S cript u r e;
‘
'

p g
i s often ic all cf th e Ab yfs o n D e e p ? See F zg 5 1
'
'
’
’

is re pre fen ted by th e C i rcl e r . . . .

y t h e Re gi o n a l L afl l y5 i Th i s '
'
v

S che m e o f th fir fl E a th g iires L i g h t to th atz Pl ace

' ‘ ' ‘

e r
we m enti on d b e for e b f i S tfifi eter s , wh e r e lth e
’ ’
r a .

fit fl fii artli i s fai d to eoa/zfi of Wa ter ,

‘
’ ’

ter ; an d b y fe a fo n t h ereof w as o b ri o x 1 o u s to a
' '

D e lu g e i fl h e fir fl P art of t h is C h ar aél er i s pl a i n
"
'

fr o m th e D e fér ip ti o n n o w g i y en an d th e fe co n d
'
’

'

will appe ar i n the fo l l o w i ng C h apt er In th e .

m ean co n c er n i ng th e fe Pafl ag es o f Scrip

t i m e,
t u r e wh ic h weh av e ci ted w e m ay tr ul y an d
, ,

m o defl ly fay t h at t h o u g h th e y wo u ld not, i t

’

m ay b e w it ho u t a Th eo r y p r em i s d h av e b een
'

, ,

t ak en o r i nt e rprete d i n t h is Se n fe y et t h is Th e o ‘
z
-

ry b e
’

i n p r e m i s d I d are a pp e a l to an y u npre
’
é
g ,

d Per fo n i f t h e y h aye n or a fai re t an d

l
,
s :

G 2
 c all e r m o r e fu ll an d m o r e Em p h atic al Sen fe,
‘
«
a
'

w h en apply d to th at F o r m o f th e E arth an d S e a
’

w e ar e no w fp eak i n g o f, t h an to t h eir p r efen t

F or m ; o r to an y o t h er w e c an i m agi n e .

THU 3 m u c h co n c er n i n g th e e xt er nal F or m
o f th e fir fi E art h L et u s n o w r efl eél a l ittl e
.

u p o n th e i n t e r n al F o r m o f i t, w h ic h c o n fifl s o f

fev er al R egi o n s , i n v o lvi n g o n e an o t h e r lik e O rb s

a b o u t th e fam e C e n t e r , o r o f th e fev er al E l e l

m en ts c ail circ ul ar ly a b o ut e ac h o t h e r ; as it ap
e ars i n the fo u rt h a n d fffth Fig u r ed A n d a s w e
p
'

h av e n o t e d th e e xt e r n al F o r m o f t h is pr i m azv al
'

E ar th , to h av e b een m ar k d a n d c e l e br at e d i n
’
'

t h e S acr e d Writi n gs ; fo li k ew i fe i n th e IPh i lo

,

'

.
p

fo p hy a nd L e ar n i n g o f th e An ci e n ts , t h e r e a re
fev er al R em ai n s a n d I n dic ati o n s o f t h is i n t e r
.

n al F o r m an d C o m o fiti o n o f it ; F o r f ti s o b fer
p
v able, t h at th e Anci e nts i n tr e ati n g o f th e C h ao s,

a n d i n r a i lin g th e Wo rld o u t o f it , r an g d it i n t o
' ’

fev er al R egi o n s o r Mati as, as w e h av e d o n e ;

.

a nd i n t ha t O rd e r fucc e fii v ely, r i fin g o n e fr o m

a not h e r , as i f it w as a P edigr ee o r G e n e alo gy .

An d th o fe P arts an d R e gi o n s o f N at u r e, i n t o
w h i ch th e C h ao s w as by d egr e e s divid ed , t h e y
'

Ii g n ifie d c o m mo n ly b y d ark an d o b fc u r e N am es;

a s t h e Ni h t,
“
g a r ta r nr , O T
cea nus , a n d fu ch

l i k e, w h ic h w e h av e expr e fs d i n t h e i r p lai n ’

a n d pr o p e r T e rms A n d wh e r e as th e C h ao s,
' '

W
,

w hen “ it w as fir fl ; fer Q1r J o r k , r an all i n t o

‘

D i vi li o n s zan d S ep ar ati o n s o f o n e El em e n t fr o m
'

a n o tl1 er , i w h i c h a ft erw a rd s w e r e a ll i n fo m e
'
.

Meafu r e u n it e d an d afib c i ate d m t h is pr i me ; ’

I
‘
g e n i al E a r t h-

; t h c A n c i e n ts a.cc o r d
f

in g ly m ad e ,

Contenti on
 f‘ l i

l
u

d iV i ded
gg , o r E ar h t. W h er e, as th e tW ‘
o in;

m oll R e gi o n s ( A, th e Y o l k a nd
t h e Me m br ane t h at li e s n e xt a b o v e 1 t ‘
fo th e
e xt e ri o r R e gi o n o f the E arth ( D ) 1 5 as th e S h ell
of t h e Egg; an d t he A b yfs ( C ) u n d e r it as th e
Wh i le t h at li es un d er th e S h ell And c o n fider
.

i n th at t h i s N ot i o n o f th e Mundane Egg , o r
g
t h at th e Wo r ld w as Ov ifor ni , h at h b e e n th e
,

S e n fe an d L a n g u ag e o f a ll A n tiq u it y, L a ti ns ,
’

G r eeks , Pegfians k fi g ti a izs and o t h e rs , as

‘ ' '

T
[ ell T
,
“
w e h av e fh ew d h eor Sa c
’

. . .

li b z c r o J I th ou g h t it w o rt h y o u r N ot ic e
.
‘
. .
A ’

i n t h is P l a c e ; fee i n g it r e ce iv e s fu g h a cl ear an d
'

eafy E xplic ati o n fr om t h at O rigi n a n d Pabri e k

we h av e gi v en to th e fir fl E art h , an d a l for e fl eél s
L ig h t u p o n th e Th e o ry 1 t fe i f, an d c o nfir m s it t o
b e n o F i a io n : Th is N o ti o n , wh ich is a ki n d o f
‘

E pi tom e, o r I m ag e o f 1 t, h avi n g b een con fer v d

’

i n th e m oi
’
t A n ci en t L ea r n i n.
g T H U S
 The D ‘
e a e a nd
lg Tijfi lation of the E ar th
-
.
37

a
t
THu a much co n ce rn i n g th e fir il E art h its ,

Pr o du Cli o n and F o rm a n d con c ern i n g o u r fe

p
c o n d Pr o o fiti o n r e l at1 ng to it ; wh i ch b e i n g

p r o v d
’

by R e afo n t h e L aws o f N at u r e a n d th e

M
, ,

q t rp ns o f th e Cqh a o s ; t h en at teil e d by A n ti
q u i ry b O t
,h a s to th e M att e r a n d F o r m o f 1t ;

a nd c o n firm d by S a cr e d Writ ers w e may tak e

_

, .

i t n o w fo r a w e l l e fl ab l i lh d Tr u t h a n d p roc e ed
‘
’

u p o n t hi s S u pp ofi ti o n t a t th e a ntedilu v i a n , ,

.
E a r th
to t h e _ Ex pli cati o n
,
o f th e
.
U n i v er fal D e lu g e .

G I v 1 : m e l e av e o n ly , be fo r e w e pr o c ee d an y ,

f u rt h e r, t o an n ex h e r e a fh o r t A d ve r ti femen t ,

c o n ce r n i n C a u fe s o f t h is w o n d e rfu l Str u e
th e
g
t u r e o f the fir il E art h Ti s tru e, w e h ave p r o .
’
~

p o s d
’

t he n a t u r al C aufes o f it , a n d I do n 0 t
’
-

k n o w wh e r e i n b u r E x p lic ati o n is fa l fe o r dc ‘

feél i v e ; b ut i n Th i n gs o f thi s k i n d w e m ay c all

‘

l y b e t o o cre d u l o u s A nd th is S tr u él u r e i s [0
.
, fl , ,

m arv e ll ou s , t h at it o u g h t rat h e r to b e c o n fi der d

’
-

as a p artic u l ar E ffe él o f t h e Divi n e -

a s th e W o rk o f N at u r e Th e w h o l e G l o b e of
,

t h e Wat e r v au lt e d o v er , and th e e x t e ri o r Ear th _ ,

h angi n g ab o v e t h e D e e p, fufl ai n d by n oth i n g

‘
’

b u t i ts o w n Me afur es a n d Man n e r o f C o n
‘

fl r u él io n : A B u ildi n g w it h o ut F o u n d ati o n o r
C o r n e r fl o n c Th is fe e ms to b e a Pi e c e o f D 1
.

y
vi n e G eom etr o r A rchi te él u r e ; and to t h is , I
t h i n k , is to b e i r e fer r d th at m ag n i ficen t ) C h al
’

l e n g e w h ic h G o d A l m ig hty m ad e to j oh, ii oh ’

x xxv i i i 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , (Sec t er e w aft th ou w hen I

. .

lai d the Founda ti ons of th e E a r th ZDeola r if

‘

Z
.

t on
 h T
T
'

h e eory f
o th e E Ai t H:

Underjl i Wh o h a th lai d th e
’ ’ ’

a na n

;h
z

Meafur es th er eofi if on hnow ejl 9 Or w h o .

ha th fi r etohetl th e L i ne up on i t 9 Wh er eupon .

r e th e F ounda ti ons th er e l
'
9 Or w h o
a of fja ne a

W
.
.

la i d th e Cor ner fi one th er eo h en th e Mor n

f ?
i ng Sta r s f a ng tog ether, an d a ll th e Sons
' ’
G oa jh ontea for a l fo , w h e n h e h

d e fcr i b d th e C h ao s, fa it h
’

h e Sp i r i t , T
o r fat br o o di n g u p o n th e F a ee o
f ,

w it h o u t all d ou bt to pr od u c e fo m e
Effecl s th ere And Sr Teter w h en h e fp eak s
'

. .
,
.

o f th e F o r m o f t he a n t e dil u vi an E a rt h , h ow 1 t
1
fl o o d 1n r efer en c e to th eWat e rs
dds B] th e a

m
, ,

hl/ Or al o ’
a Tw 71 0 y n ? ® § ,
o
uo r by t h e Wi f e

dom o f G d it w
o as m ad e fo A n d t h is fa m e .

’
ls fa or/z o f Go d, i n {h e w e ob
e tv e d b efo r e t ak e s N o tic e
, t h is v ery p i e c e of

o f Wo rk i n t h e F o r m ati o n o f th e E art h W en “
.

h e [i t a n Or h ov er the F a ce of the fD eep I

”

w a s th er e A n d l ail ly th e an ci en t Ph i lo fo
.
,

h e rs o r at l e ail t h e b efl o f t h e m to giv e th em

'

p , ,

t h e ir due alw ays b r o u g h t i n Mens o r A nger

, ,

A y!
a n
(7 Be m as a S u p e r n at u r a l Pr i n c i p le
a ,

to u n it e a n d c on fo c iat e th e p arts o f th e C h aos

w h ic h w as fir fl do n e i n th e C o m p o f n o n o f
'

t h is wo n der fu l Ar c h o f th e E art h Wh er efor e .

o t h e gr e at Ar e h i te él w h m ad e th e b o u n d
’

t o ,

l e fs U niv e r fe o u t o f n o t h i n g an d for m d th e
’ ’

E art h o u t o f a C h ao s l e t th e Pr ai fe o f th e w h o le
,

Wo rk ,an d p artic ul arly o f t h is Mafl er pi ece ,

for e v er wit h all H on o u r b e giv en

‘

.
 C H '

A P . VI .
‘

Ih e Tj
i ola ti on o th e
f
’

E a r th h e fDelng e . T
th e th e F or m
th e R ai ns

E h av e bro u g ht to lig h t th e an t e
ne w a

dil u v i ah E art h o u t of rhe d ark Ma fs o f

th e C h ao s ; an d n o t o n ly de fc r i b e d t h e S u r
fac e o f i t, [ See F ig 5 , 67 6 pog 7 8 , é 8 7 . . .
‘
.

b u tl a id O p en th e i n w ard p arts , to {h e w 1 11 w h at
'

O rd e r its R egi o n s l ay L e t u s n o w c lo fe i t
.

u p, a n d r e p r efe n t th e E art h e n tir e d m l arg er

'

, an

P1 o po fiti o n s , m o r e lik e an h ab i tab le Wo rld ; as

'

i n t h is Fig u r e, wh e r e y o u fe e t he fmo o rh C o n q 1
'
'

V e x o f th e E art h , and m ay i m agi n e th e gr e at

d un d e r it ; as at
‘

th e Ap er tu re a a fl

t wo ar e t o be th e on ly S u b jeél o f o ut
'
‘
'

fu rt h e r C o n t em pl ati o n .

I N t h is fmo o th E arth w er e th e fir fl S ce ne s o f
th e Wo r ld , a nd t h e fir fl G en er an o n s o f Man
ki n d ; it h ad t h e Be au ty o f Yo u th an d b loo m l
’

in g Natu r e , fr efh a nd fr uit fu l, an d n o t a Wr i n k le ,

'
'

S c ar o r Er aél u r e 1 n all its B o dy n o Ro cks n o r

'

Mo u n t ai n s ii é h o ll o w C aves n o r g aprn g C h an
’

, ,

n e ls b u t e v e n an d u n i fo r m all o v e r
, An d th e .

S m o o th n e fs o f th e E art h m ad e th e F ac e o f th e
He av en s fo t o o ; th e Ai r w as c al m an d fe r e n c ;
n o n e o f th o fe t u m u lt u ary Mo ti o n s an d C o n
'
'

fl i él s o f V apo u rs w h ic h t h e Mo u n t ai n s an d th e
Wi nds cau fe i n o u rs : Tw as fa i re d to a go lde n
, .

' ’

A e an d to th e firfl I nn o c en cy o f N atu r e
‘

g ,
 The {T
h eory of th e E A R
'

THf
AL t h is y o u ll fay is w ell w e ar e g ot i nt o
’

L ,

a p le a fan t Wo r l d i n d ee d b u t w h at s t h is to t h e
’

Pu r po fe ? Wh at App ear an c e o f a D e lu g e h e r e ,

w h er e t h e r e is n o t fo m u c h as a S ea n o r h al f
fo m u c h Wat er as w e h av ei n t h is E art h ? Or
,

w h at A pp ear an c e o f Mo u n ta m s o r C av e r n s o r ,

o t h e r Irr eg u l ariti e s o f th e Eart h w h er e all is ,

l e v e l an d u n it e d : So t h at i n fl ead o f lo o fi ng th e
K n o t t h is ti es it th e h ard e r Y o u pr et e n d to
, .

fh ew u s h o w th e D el ug e w as mad e an d y o u ,

l o ck u p a ll th e Wat e rs wit h i n th e Wo m b o f
th e E art h an d fer B ars an d D o ors an d a Wall
, ,

o f 1 m p e n e tr ab le Str e n gt h an dT h i c k n e fs to k e ep
t he m t h er e An d yo u pr e t en d to fh e w u s th e
.

cks n d Mo u n t a i n s a n d C av e r n s
Q g r i i n a l o f R o a ,

o f th e E art h a n d bri n g u s to a w
, id e an d en d
l e fs P l ai n fm o o rh as th e c al m S e a
, .

TH I S is all tr u e an d y e t w e ar e n o t (0 far
,

fro m t h e Sig h t a n d D i fc o v e r y o f t h o fe Th i n gs
a s y o u i m ag i n e ; dr aw b u t th e C u rt a i n an d t h e fe ,

S c e n es w ill app ea r o r fo m eth i n g v e ry li k e e m ’

W
.
,

e m u fl r e.m e m b e r t h a t St P e t e r t o ld .
n s,
‘
i ,

th at th e a n t e dil u vi an E art h p e r i fh e d o r w as
'

de m o li fh ed ; and Mofes f a i th th e g r ea t Ahjfi ,

w as br o k e n o p en at th e D el ug e L et u s th en
'

fu pp o fe t h at at a Ti m e app o i n t e d by Divi n e
,

Pr o vid e n c e an d fr o m C au fe s m ad e r e ady to
,

do t h at gr e at E x e c u ti o n u p o n a fi n fu l Wo rld ,

th at t h is Alhjfi w as o p e n d o r t h at th e Fr am e
’

o f t he E a1 t h br o k e a n d fe l l d o w n i n t o t h e

g r ea t A h
jfi A t t h i s o n e fl r o k e al l N at u r e
.

w o u ld b e c h a n g d a n d t h is li n gl e Ail i o n w o u ld
’

f T h
'

hv a e t w o g rea t an d v i i bl e E fie él s : e o n e

Traufie n t,
"
f Tb ei eaij e e E ART ii :
i
’ 3
7
923 f b
’

and th e h ig he r P arts of th e E art h ; for th cr é

’
'

' '

th e Si des b eari n g u p o n e ag ai n fi th e o t h er, t he y

' '
’
’

c o u ld n ot l i e fo c lo fe at th e B o tt om s , b u t m an y
'

'

V ac u iti es w o u ld b e i n ter cepte d No r ar e t h e re .

“
a n y o t h er I n e q ua liti e s o r Irr eg u l ariti e s o b fer v i
’

a
b le 1 n th e pr e fe n t Fr dm o f th e E ar t h w e th e r 1 11
t h e S u r fac e of it , o r i n t e ri o r C o n u éti o n,t
’

w h e r e of t h is H atb e s d ot h giv e a r e ady , fai r,

' '

f f
and i n t e lligi b le A cc o u n t ; a n d do rh at o n e vi e w

r e pr efe n t t h e m a ll to u s , w it h t h e ir C au fes , as

i n a 1G l afs : An d w h et h er t h at Glafs b e tr u e, and

t h e I mag e an fiv e r to th e Or i i n a l, 1 f y o u d ou b t
g
o f i t, w e w ill h e r e aft e r e x am 1 n e t h e m Pi e c e by

Pi e c e Bu t 1 n th e fir fi Pl aée, We mufi c o n fider th e

.

e n e r al D e lug e, h o w e afil an d tru ly t h is SU

g y P
o fi t i r e r e fen ts an d e x l am s 1 t, an d anfwe r s
p o n
p p
a ll xth e Pr o p e rti es an d C o n diti o n s o f 1 t l '

'
K
I r H I N it w i ll b e eafily allo w d, th at fach ’

a D i fib l u t i o n o f th e E art h as we h aVe pr o p o s d ,
’ ‘

a n d F a ll o f it i n t o th e A b y fs, w o uld c e rt a i n l y

m ak e a n U n i v e r fal D el u g e an d e ffeéi u ally de

fir o y th e o ld Wo r ld , w h ic h p er i ih d i n i t Bu t
’ ’

w e h av e n o t y et p artic u l ar l y : prov d t h is D i lfo

’

l u ti o n , an d m wh at m an n e r th e D e lu g e fo llo w d
’

u p o n it : A n d t o affer t t h i ngs i n gr o fs n eve r

ma e k s t h a t fi r m Im p r e fl i o n Up o n o u r U n d e r:

fi an di n g s , a n d u p o n o ur B e li e f, as to fe e t h e m
de du c d w it h t h e ir C au fes an d C i r cu mfian c e s ;
’

a n d t h e r e fo r e w e m
u ll e n de av o ur to ib e w w h at
Pr ep arati o n s t h er e w er e i n N at u r e fo r t h is gr ea t
D i fio lu ti o n , an d aft e r w h at m an n e r it c am e to
'

afs , an d th e D el ug e m C on fe u en c e o f it
p q .
 WE h av e noted b efo r e, t h at Mag/es i m p u t ed
'

the Del u g e to the Di fr up ti o n of t he A b yfs r

, ,

a n d Sr. Petet , to the pa rtic u lar; C o n fl i tu ti on i

‘
'

; ,

o f th at Ear t h , w h ich m ade i t o bno x i o us to b e

'

W
.
,
.

a b fo r p t ; i n at e r, (
0 th at o u r Explic ati o n fo far

i s ju fii fied Bu t it was b elow the Dig n ity o f

. .

th o fe S acr e d Pen Men , o r the gSpi r i t o f Go d

- s

th at di r eéted the m , t o th e w us the Ca u fes o f th 1 s

,

D i fr u p tio n , o r o f t h is A b fo r ptip n s t h is is l eft -

to t h e E n q u ir i es of Men
,

Fo r it was n ever th e
.
'

D e i i g n o f Pr o vid e n c e , to give fu ch p articu lar:

Ex pl ic ati o n s of n at u r al Th i n gs , as lh o u ld mak e
u s id le, o r th e Ufe p f R eafo n u nn e cefl ar y b u t
'

o n th e c o n tr ary, by d el iv e ri n g gr e at C o n c l u li o ns .

t o u s t o ex cit e o u r C u r i o ftt y a n d In q u i fiti v e n e fs

’

a ft e r th e Me t h o ds, b y w h ic h fu ch zth i n g s w er e
r
b ou g h t t o p afs it m ay b e t h e r e i s n o
g ar e t-if
,

er T ri al o r In fian c e o f n at u ra l t ha t
t o fin d o u t th e C h an n el, i n w h ic h t h efe gr eat
R evo l u ti o ns o f N at u r e, w h ich w e tr eat o n , '

flow an d fu cc eed o n e ano th e r .

L Er u s t h e r efo r e r e fu m e th at Syfl e m 1o f th e

ant edi lu vi an E ar th , wh ich w e h av e de du c d ’

from th e C h ao s, and w h ich we fin d t o a n

M
, _ , ,

fw St d fi A
’

e r .
a n s s c , ,

c o u n t o f th e D elug e Th is Ear th c o uld n or .

b e o bn o xio u s to a D e l u g e, as th e Ap o ltle fup;

’

o feth , 1 t to h av e b ee n , b u t l b
’ '

p y a D i fio u t i o n;
fo r t h e Ab yfs w as e nclo s d w it h i n i ts E 0 \v e ls ,
’

An d Mofé s clot h , i n e ffect t e ll u s , t h er e w as

fu c h a D i lfo lu ti o n ; wh en h e ; faith , h e Form T
t ains of th e g r ea t , d bjji w ere br oke”; op ezz
’
'
.

F o r ; Eo untai n s ar e “b rok e n o p en no e t h e r
.
 0 '
w

t h an by br eaki n g up the G ro u n d t h at co
v e rs t h e m We m u fi t h e r efo r e h er e e nquir e
i n wh at O rd er an d fr o m wh at C au l é s the
.

F r am e o f th 1 s e xt e ri o r E art h was di lfo l ved an d

‘ '

t h e n w e {h al l foo ri fee h o w u p o n t h at D i ifo ,

l ut i on th e D el u g e i m m edi ate l y pr evai l d and

’

o y e r fl o w d all th e P ar ts o f 1 t
’ ’

1
.

I D O no t th i nk it i n th e p ow er of h u m an
Wi t to d e t ermi n e h o w lo n g t h is Fr am ewo ul d
fi and h o w many Y e ars o r h o w m an y Age s ;
’
<
, ,

b ut o n e w o u l d foo n i m agi n e t h at t h is ki n d o f
'

S tr u étur e w o u ld n o t b e p e rp e t u al n o r l aft i ndeed ’

m ah y th o u fan ds o f Y ears i f On e c o n fider th c

'
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t h ey fl r i ve e ve ry way to fe t th e m fe lves at L i b e rfi ,

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t h e E art h th at k ept t h e m i n 5 w h i ch E ar th u p o n
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v e rn s t h at li e u n d e r it : A n d i f it fo h app e ns t h at
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i n t o t h e ir C ha n n els .

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w e m ay a s e ali ly c o n c e iv e an U n iver fal D elu g e

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c e i v e it as w e ll o f th e wh o l e E a rt h A n d it fe e m s .

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t h is m an n e r a n d n e v e r o f an y gr e at In u ndati o n
,

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l o w Ti s tr u e t h ey w o u ld n o t (0 e afily i m ag in e
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b e u p on t h is D i ffo lu ti on o fth e E art h n o r to wh at

’

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p o g o u

i t S u ppo fe a St o n e o f t e n th o u fan d We ig h t ta
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‘

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an d fep ar ate fr o m t h e r efi an d to fs d t h ro u g h
‘
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th e Ai r { l ik e a flyi n g R iv e r ; b u t th e c o m m o n
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’ ’

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,

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n e w C o m m o ti o n s : An d t w a s a c o n fider a b le
’

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th e ir l effe r D ep e n d en ci e s c ou ld b e fo adju fie d
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’
,

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D i fo r de r an d C o n fu fio n of t Befides ,
h e Ab yfs .

w e ar e to o b fe r v e , t h at t h e fe g r ea t Fr ag m e n ts
'

falli n g h o ll o w , th e y i n c lo s d and b or e d o wn w ith

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t h em u n d e r t h e ir c o n c av e S u r fac e a gr e at d eal
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.
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n o r r eadily g e t o u t o f t h o fe P r i fo ns , b u t by d e

E rt W t r b v ld giv
‘

g t e es , a s t h e a h a n d a e a o e w o u e

w ay 5 fo as t h is w o u ld alfo h i n d er t h e S e ttl e m en t
'

o f t h e A b y fs , an d t h e r et ir i n g o f th e W at e r i n

t o t h o fe fu b t er r a n e o u s C h a n n e ls , fo r fo m e T i m e .

Bu t at l en gt h , w h e n t h is Ai r h ad fo u n d a v en t ,
a n d l eft its pl a c e t o th e Wat er, a n d th e R u i n s

h pri m ry r tl d d fi d
’

b to a
a n d fe c o n d a r y w e e f e t e a n x

t h e n th e Wa t e rs o f th e A b y fs b e g an to fe ttl e to o ,

a n d t h e dry L a n d to a p ear ; fir lt t h e t o ps o f th e
‘

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d u al S u b fide n c y o f th e A b yfs w h ic h Mofier al

fo h at h p artic u l arl y n o t e d ) an d Di fco v e r y o f
t h e fev e r a l P arts o f th e E art h w o u ld a l l o t ak e
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u t o n its n e w F o r m , an d b e c ame divid e d i n t o

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al Ag es , e v e n fro m th e b e gi nn i n g o ft h e Wo r l d ,
r
h ad l ai n h i d i n t h e W o m b o f t h e E art h , w as

b ro u g h t to lig h t and di fco v er d 5 th e g r eatefi par t

’

of it c o nfii tu ti n g o u r p r e fe nt O c e a n , a n d t h e r e ft
fi lli ng th e l ow er C aviti e s o f th e E art h : U p o n th e
L and a r d h M s d h i l l d
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b le an d fr o m C au fe s t hat a n fw er th e Gr e atn e fs
,

o f th e E ffe ét : We h av e fu p po s d n o t h i n g b u t
’

w h at 1 s a l fo p r ov d b o t h as to th e fir fl F o r m o f
’

t h e E art h a n d as to t h e m a n n e r o f its D i ffo lu

,

t i on ; an d h o w far fro m t h a t w o u l d e vid e n tly

a n d 11 e c efl ar i ly ari fe a g e n e r al De l u g e ; whi c h

w as t h at w h i ch pu t a P e ri o d to th e o ld Wo rld
, ,

a n d th e fir lt [ fate o f Th i n gs An d th o a ll t h is
’

h at h b e en dedu c d i n du e O rd er a n d w it h C o n
’

n ex i o n a n d C o n fe q u e n c e o f o n e t h i n g u p on ah

o t h e r fo far as I k n o w w h i ch is th e tr u e Evi
, ,

d en c e o f a Th eo r y 5 y et i t m ay n o t b e fu flic i
e n t t o c o m m an d t h e Affen t an d B e li ef o f fo m e

Pe rfo n s w h o w il l al lo w it m ay b e an d ac
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k wn o l e dg e t h
,
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,

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,
’

fay w e de fir e it m ay b e pr o v d fro m fo m e c ol
‘

l a t e r al A rg u m e n ts t a k
, e n e it h e r fro m S acr e d
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o r fr o m O b fe r v at i o n t h a t t h is h,at h r e a l
ly b e e n e x e m pli fied u p o n th e E art h an d t h at ,

N oah s Fl o o d c a m e to p a fs t h is w ay A n d fe e
’
.

i n g w e h av e defig n d t h is fir fl B o o k c h i e fly fo r
’ ‘

t h e Exp l ic ar1 o n o f N oa h s D e l u g e I a m wi lli n g

’

t o a dd h e r e a C h apt e r o r tw o e xtr ao rdi n ary u

p
o n t h is o c c a fi o n t o th e w t h at wh at w e h av e de
,
‘
l iv e r e d is m o r e t h an an Ia ea an d t h at it w as i n ,

t h is v e ry w ay t h at Noah s D elu g e c am e to pafs ’

Bu t t h e y w h o h av e n o t t h is D o u bt an d h av e a ,

Mi n d to fee th e Iifu e o f t h e Th eo ry m ay skip ,

t h e fe t w o C h apt e rs i f t h e y p l e afe an d pr o c e ed
, ,

o the follo wi n w h r e the Or d er is c o n t inue d

t g , e .
 Th D elztg e and wifl olutzm of tb e E ezr tb
’
‘ '

e . 1 o5

To fati s fy t h en th e D o u bt fu l i n t h is P art i
c u lat let u s l ay d o wn i n th e firll pl ac e t h at
,

C o n c l u fio n w h ic h t h e y fe e m to ad m it vi z ,
‘
.

Th at t h is is a p o ffib le an d co n fifien t Exp lic a

t i o n o f an U n i ve r fal D elug e an d l et s fe e h o w ,
’

far t h is w o u ld g o i f w e ll c o n fide r d t o w ards

’

, ,

th e Pr o o f o f wh at t h e y de f r e o r t o w ards th e ,

D e m o n fir ati o n o f N od /7 s D e lu g e 1 n p artic u l ar
’

It is gr an t e d o n b o t h H ands t hat t h e re h at h
117 ,

b een a n U n i v e r fal D e l u g e u p o n t h e E art h ,

w h ic h w as Noa k s D e l u g e ; an d it is al fo gr an t
’

e d t h at w e h av e giv en a p o fl i b le a n d co n fificn t
’

Idea o f a n U n i v er fa l D e l u g e No w w e h av e .

r o v d Gi m I I an d III t h at a ll o t h e r w ay s
’

p p . . .

h it h ert o a l i g n d fo r t h e Explic ati o n o f Noa b s

l
’ ’

Fl o o d ar e i n c on g r u o u s o r 1 m po fl i b l e t h er e fo re
c m f i n t h at fl i b l e an d c o m p e t e n t
i t a e
t p
o a s p o

w ay wh ic h w e h av e pr o po s d A nd i f w e h av e
’
.

tr u ly pr o v d i n th e fo r e m e n ti o n d C h apt e rs th e
’

,
’

m
I p o i fib i li ty o r U n i n tc ll i g i b il i ty o f It i n a ll 0

t h e r w ays, th is Arg u m en t ati o n is u n d en i abl e .

Befide s, w e m ay arg u e t h u s , as it is gr an t e d t h at
th e r e h at h b ee n an Un iv e r fal D el u g e u p o n th e
E art h , {0 1 fupp o fe it w il l b e gr an t e d t h at
t h er e h at h b e en b u t o n e No w th e D i ffo lu ti on o f
.

t h e E art h , w h e n fo cv e r it h app e n d , w o u ld m a k e
’

o n e U n iv e r fal D e l u g e, an d t h e r efo r e th e o n l
y
o n e , a n d t h e fa m e w it h N oa k s T h at f uch a
’

D i ffo lut i o n as w e h av e de fcr i b d w o u ld m ak e

’

a n U n i v er fal D e l u g e , I th i n k , c an n o t b e
q u e

fii o n d ; a n d t h at t h e r e h at h b een fu c h a D i ffo
’
~

l a ti o n , b cfides w h at w e h av e alr e ady alle dg d

’

{h al l b e pr ov d at lar g e from n at ural O b fc p

’

a v an o n s
'

i
'

ob Yke Tb ewy of t/ e E A R r H
y .

i s u p o n th e F o r m and Fig u r e o f th e pr e
v ar o n
fe n t E art h i n th e T b i m S ecti o n an d l afi Ch ap ter
’ "
,

o f th i sBo o k ; In th e m e an ti m e w e w i ll pr o c e e d to

Hi fio r y bo t h S acre d an d Pr o ph an e an d by co m
, ,

ari n g o u r Explic ati o n w it h th o fe giv e fu rt h er

p ,

Affur an c e o f its Tr u t h an d R eality .

I N th e fir fi Pl ace it agre es w h i ch is m oi t
, ,
’

e o n fide r ab l e w it h Mo / er s N arr ati o n o f th e D e

’

l uge b o t h as to th e Ma tt e r an d Man n e r o f i t .

Th e Matt e r o f th e D e l ug e Mofes m ak es to b e th e
W at e rs fro m ab ov e an d th e Wat ers fro m b e
,

low 3 or h e di fii n g u i fh e s th e C au fe s o f th e D e
l u g e , as w e do , i n t o S u p e ri o r an d I n fe ri o r , Gen .

v ii . I 1 an d th e I n fe ri o r C au fe s h e m a k e s to b e

t h e D i fr u pti o n o f th e Ab y fs , w h i ch is th e pri n

ep i a l P a rt , an d t h e gr e a t Hi n g e o f o u r Explic a

t io n . Th en as to th e m an n e r o f the D e lu g e , th e .

Be gi n n i n g a n d th e E ndi n g , t h e In c r e a fe an d D e
g r ca f e , h e fa it h , V e fi
7 I
’
7 , I 8 , 1 9, 2 0 Ch a
.
p v
. ii i .

3 , 5 . it i n c r e a s d
’

gr a d u a lly , a n d d c c r e a s
’

d g r a

d u ally , by g oi ng a n d comi ng t h at is , aft e r m an y

r e p e at ed Fl u ct u ati o n s an d R e cipr o c ati o n s o f th e
W av e s , th e W at e rs o f th e A b fs b eg an to b e
y
m o r e c o m po s d, a n d to r e tir e i n t o t h e ir C h an
’
:

n e ls , w h e n c e t h e y {h all n e v e r r e t u r n to c o v e r

t h e E art h ag ai n T . h is agr e e s w h o lly w it h o u r

Th e o ry ; w e fu ppo fe th e A b yfs to h av e b e en
u n d e r an ex tr e a m C o m m o ti o n a n d Agit ati o n

by t h e F a l l o f t h e E a r t h i n t o it , a n d t h is at fi r fi
e n cr e as d m o r e an d m o r e, till t h e w h o l e E art h
’

w as fall en 5 t h e n c o n ti n u i n g fo r fom e ti m e at t h e
h eig h t o f its R ag e , o v e r w h el m i n g t h e g te at cft
Mount ai ns, i t afterwards decr eas d by th e lik e de ’

g r ees ,
 Th T
h o y f th E A R 1 HS
e e r o e
' '

o f th e W ate r s th en tis b o t h a ju ft D c fcripti on

, ,
’

o f th e Mo ti o n o f th e A b y fs an d c e rt ai nl y tr u e , ,

t h at th e Wat e rs fin c e t h at ti m e ar e fo fettl e d in
t h e ir C h ann e ls t h at t h e y {h all n e v e r o v erfl o w
, .

t h e E art h ag ai n As w e ar e affu r d by t h e Pr o
’

m i fc m ad e to Noa h a n d t h at illu fir i o u s P l edg e

,

a n d C o n fir m ati o n o f it th e R ai n how t h at th e , ,

H eav en s alfo {h al l n e v e r p o u r o u t fo m u c h Wa
t e rs ag ai n ; t he ir St at e b ei n g ch an g d as w ell as ’

t h at of th e E art h o r S ea fro m w h at t h ey w er e
, ,

b efo r e th e D elu g e .

B U T b efo r e we l e av e Mofer s N arr ati o n o f ’

t h e D c l u g e w e m u fi e x am i n e fu rt h e r w h at is ,

o r c an b e u n der fl o o d by h i s T
, ,

eh om Ra hho o r -
,

r eat A h ic ait h w as br o k e n u
g jfi w h ,h h e f , p at ,

t h e D e l u g e G en v i i 1 1
, fo r t h is w i ll h e lp u s
. . . w

t o di fc o v er w h e t h e r o u r Ex l i cati o n b e t h e fam e
, p
w it h h i s an d o f th e fam e F l o o d A n d fir fi w e
m u h c o n fider w h et h er by th e T
.
,

, eh om R a hho -
,

o r Mo fa i c al Ah y fs c an b e u n d e r fl o o d th e S e a
,
.

o r O c e an u n d e r t h at F o r m w e fe e it i n at p r e
,

fe t ; a n d tis p lai n m e t h i n ks t h at th e S ea can

’

mg
-t
, ,

r b e u n dér fio o d by t h is gr eat A b yfs b o t h b e ,

c au fe th e S e a is n o t c ap a b le u p o n a n y D i fr u p ti o n

t o m ak e fu c h a n U n i v er fal D e l u g e ; an d b e c au fe
t h e N a rr ati o n o f Mo s a n d h i s E x pr e fii o n s co n
fi ,

ce r n i n g t h is Ab yfs do n o t a gr e e to th e S ea
, .

S o m e o f th e An ci en ts i n d e e d di d i m agi n e t h at ,

t h e Wat e rs o f th e S e a w er e m u c h h i g h e r t h an
t h e L an d an d fl o o d as it w e r e
, o n a h e ap
,
In ,

as w h e n th efe Wat ers w e r e l e t lo o fe t h ey o v e r ,

fl o w d t h e E art h a n d m ad e a D e lu g e Bu t t h i s
’

.
,

i s k n o wn to b e a rofs Mifiak c s th e Sea an d th e

g
,

Lani
T
h D hg e
‘
éfl
e t
"
e amt fl ohttzon o
'

f the Ear th . to g

L an d mak e o n e G lo b e , a n d th e Wat ers co u ch

th e m fe lv e s , as c lo fe as m ay b e , to th e C e n t e r o f
t h is G l o b e i n a Sp h eric al C o n v exity ; fo t h at i f
a ll th e Mo u n t ai n s a n d Hills w e r e fc al d, an d th e
’

W
E art h m ad e ev en , th e at ers wo u ld n o t o v e r
fl o w its fm o o th S u r fac e ; m u c h l c fs c o u ld t h e y
o v erfl o w it n t h e F o r m t h at i r is n o w, w h e r e
i
t h e S h o r e s ar e h ig h e r t h an t h e S e a, t h e In
l an d P ar ts t h an th e S h o r es , a n d th e Mo u n t ai n s -
.

{ti l l far ab o v e all : S o as n o Di fr u p ti o n o f th e

S e a c o u ld mak e an U n i ve r fal D e lu g e, by r e a a

fo n o f its Sit u ati o n : Bu t b efides t h at , th e (Qan

tity o f Wat e r c o ntai n d i n th e S ea is n o w ay
’

fu fli c i e n t to m ak e a D e lu g e i n th e p r efen t F o r m
o f t h e E art h fo r w e h av e lh e w n b e fo r e , Ch ap .

ii t h at e igh t fu ch O c e an s as o u rs w o u ld b e
.

Th en as to
,

l ittl e e n o u g h fo r t h at Pu r po fe .

t h e E x pr e f fio n s o f Mofes c o n c e r n i n g t h is A b y fs ,
,

i f h e h ad m e an t th e S e a by it , a n d th at th e
,

D e l u g e w as m ad e by th e D i fr u pti o n o f the
S e a , w h y di d h e n o r fay (0 ? Th e r e is n o m e n
ti o n o f th e S ea i n all th e Hi fl o r y of t h e D e
l u g e : Mofi s h ad m e n t i o n d th e S e a b e fo r e , G en
’

. . W
i 1 0 an d u s d a o rd t h at w as c o m m o n a n d
’

k n o w n to fig n i fy t h e S ea ; an d i f h e h ad a
Mi n d to ex pr c fs th e fam e t h i n g h e r e , w h y {h o u ld
h e n o t u fe th e fam e W
o rd a n d th e fame T er m 2

In an Hifio r i c al Re l ati o n w e u fe Te r m s t h a t a r e
m o ft pr o p e r an d b e lt k n o w n ; b u t i n fl e a d o f t h at
h e u fe th th e fam e Te r m h e r e t h at h e did , Gen .

i 2 w h e n h e fai th , fl a r hnefi w a s up on th e
. .
e

F at e f o th e
fl h
jfi , or
f
o th e fD ee
p, as we r en

d er it ; t h er e th e Ab yfs w as o p en , o r co v c r
’

d
wi t h
wi th D ark nefs y b e fore th e exter io ?
o nl y , n am e l ,

E art h w as fo r m d 3 Her e th e fam e Ab yfs is m en

’

t i o n d a g ai n b u t c o ve r d by th e F o r m ati o n o f
’ ’

, ,

th e E art h u p o n it a n d t he c ov eri n g o f t h i s

A b yfs w a s br o k en o r d ow n afu nder an d th e ,

Wat ers g u lh d o ut t h at m ad e the D elu g e Th i s

’

I am fu r e is th e m o lt n at u r al I n te rpr et ati o n o f
S ig n ificatio n o f t h is Wo r d acc o rdi n g as it is us d
‘ ’

i n Mofi r s Wr it in gs F u rt h e rm o r e w e m u ft o b
’
’
’ ‘
.
,

fe rv e w h at Mofier fait h c o n c er n i n g t h is Ab yfs,

a n d w h e t h e r t h at w ill agr e e w it h th e Se a o r n o ;

h e fait h th e F ounta i ns of the g r ea t Ahjfi w er e

br oken op en ; n o w i f by t h e g r eat Ab yfs yo u u n d e r ~

{l an d t h e S e a h o w ar e its Fo u n t ai n s br o ke n o pe n ?
,

To br e ak o p e n a F ou n t ai n is to break op en t h e
'

G r o u n d t h at c o v e r s i t and w h at G r o u n d c o v er s
'

th e S e a ? 8 0 t h at u p o n a ll C o n i i de ra ti o ns e i th e r
er e u fe th T
,

o f th e Wo r d t h at Ma ; eh ont
fi h a
,
s

R a hha o r o f th e th i n g affirm ed c o n c er n i n g it
‘

, ,

hr ea hzng i ts F ountai ns o r o f th e E ffeCt

’

p
o en

fo ll o w i n g br e aki n g o p e n its F o u n t ai n s
th e ,
»

dr o wni ng of the E a r th ; fr o m all th e fe H e ads i t

i s m an ifefi t h at th e S e a c an no t b e u nd er floo d
'

by th e gr eat fl hjfi w h o fe D i fr upti on w as th e

'

G au fe o f t h e D e l u g e .

A N D a s th e Mofa i ca l Ab yfs c an no t b e t h e
S e a fo n e it h e r c an it b e th o fe fu b tcr r a n e o u s Wa
,
f
-

t e rs t h at ar e di fp er s d in th e C e lls a n d C av er n s o f
’

t h e E art h ; fo r as th ey ar e n o w l o dg d w it h i n the
’

E art h th e y ar e n o t o n e A hfjr b u t fev er al C i f

, ,

t e r n s an d R e c ept acl e s o f Wat er i n feve r al Pla -

c e s e fp e c i ally u n d e r th e r o o ts o f Mo u n t ai n s a n d
,

Hi lls feparate o ne from an o t he r fo mcti m e s by

, ,

wh ol e
 The The y f th e EAn
'

o 141
'
or r

C h ar acters a nd C o r r e fpo n de n cy : F i r it, Mojies s

’

A b y fs w as c o v er d, an d fu b te rr an eo u s , fo r th e
’

F o u n t ai n s o f it a r e faid to h av e b e en cl o v en o r
b u r fi o p en ; t h e n , it w as v afl an d c ap aci o u s ;
a n d t h irdly , it w as to di fp o s d, as to b e c ap a bl e
’

o f a D i fr u ti o n , t h at w o u ld c au fe an u n i v e r fal
p
D e l u g e to th e E arth O ur an t edi l u vi a n Ab yls
.

a n fwe r s tr u ly to a ll th e fe C h ar aél c r s ; it w as i n

th e W o m b o f th e E art h ; th e E art h w as fo u n d

e d u p o n th o fe W at e rs , as th e
fi étlrn /t T
o r t h e y w e r e i n c lo s d w it h i n th e E art h as i n a
’

Bag Th e n fo r th e C ap acity o f it , it c o n t ai n e d
.

b or h all th e Wat e rs n o w i n t he O c e an , a n d all

t h o fe t h a t ar e d i fp er s d i n th e C av e r n s o f th e
’

E art h : An d l afily, it is m an ifefi its Sit uati o n

w as fu ch , t h at u p o n a D i fr u p ti o n o r D i ffo lu ti o n
o f th e E art h w h ic h c o ver d it, an u n i v e r fal D e
’

l u g e w o u ld ari fe S e e i n g t h e n t h is an fw er s th e
.

D e fcr i pti o n , an d all th e Pr o p erti e s o f th e Mo *

a i t a l A b y fs , a n d n ot h i n g el fe w ill , h o w c an w e
f
i n R e afo n j u dg e it o th er w i fe t h an th e fam e , an d
t h e v ery T h i n g i n t e n d e d an d p ro po s d i n th e Hi
’
a

fio r y o f N oa h s D e l u g e u n d e r th e N am e o f e
’

T
h am R a hha , o r th e gr e at Ab y fs , at w h o fe D i f
-

W
r u pti o n th e o r ld w as o v er h o w d ? A n d as w e
-
’

do n o r t h i n k it an u n h appy D i fco v er y to h av e
fo u n d o u t, (w it h a m o r al C e rt a i n ty ) t h e S e at
o f th e Mo f a i t al A b y fs , w h ic h h at h b ee n a lm o ft

a s m u c h fo u g h t fo r , a n d as m u c h i n v ai n , as th e

T
S eat o f a r a nt e ; fo t h is giv es u s a grea t Affu t
’
'

a n c e , t h at; the T h e o ry w e h av e giv e n o f a g en e ~

r al D e l u g e is mm a m e r e Id e a, b u t is to b e ap
r o r i ate d to th e D el u g e o f Noah , as a tr u e E x
p p
pli cati on o f it . A D N
 The fl eln e a nd Q ifihhtti on of the E ar th
'

g . 1 I i
A ND pro c e ed n o w fro m Mo/es to o th e r
'

to
‘

divi n e Writ e rs ; Th at o u r D e fc r i pti on is a R e a

l i ty b ot h as t o th e an t e dil u vi an E a rt h an d as
, ,

t o th e D e l u g c w e m ay fu rt h e r b e c on v i n c d fr o m
‘
’

St {Peter s D i fco u r fe c o n c ern i n g th o fe two

.
’

Th in gs,2 E pifi iii 6 St Teter fait h t h at th e . . . .

,

.C o nfii tu ti o n o f th e an t e dil u vi an E art h w as fu c h ,

i n r e fe r en c e to th e Wat e rs t h at by r e afo n o f ,

t h at it w as o bn o xi o u s to a D e l u ge ; w e fay th efe
Wat ers w er e th e gr eat Ab yfs it flo o d u p o n by ,

r eafo n w h ereo f t h at Wo rld w as r e ally ex os d

’

p
t o a D e l u g e; an d o v er w h e lm d i n it u p o n t h e
’ ’

D i fr u p ti o n o f t h is A b yfs as Mo/es wi tn elfes , .

fT i s tr u e, St T eter d o t h n o t fp ec i fy w h at th o fe
.

Wat ers w e r e n o r m e n ti o n e it h e r th e Sea o r th e

,
’

Ab yfs b u t fe ei n g Mafia: t el ls u s t h at 1 t w as b y ,

t h e Wa te rs o f th e Ab y i s t h at th e E art h w as o v e r e

w h e lm ed St 7? eter s Wat e rs m u i c b e u n de rfl o o d
’ ’
’

.
,

of t h e fame A b y fs b e c au fe h e fu p po fe th t h e m
-
,

th e C au fe o f th e fa m e D e l u g e An d I t h i n k th e .
, ,

Apo ftle s D i fc o u r fe t h er e c an n o t r e c e iv e a b e tte r

’

Ill u frrat io n t h an fr o m Mofes s Hifi o r y o f th e D e

’
'
’
s
,

l u g e Mojé sd i fii n g u ilh es t h e C au fes o f th e Fl o o d

.

i n t o th o fe t h at b e l o n g to th e H eav e n s an d th o fe ,

th at b e l o n g to th e E art h ; th e R ai n s an d th e A
b yfs : St Peter al fo di fii n g u i fh eth t h e C a u fe s
‘
.

o f th e D e l u g e i n t o th e C o n fii tu ti on o f th e He a

v en s i n refer en c e to its Wat ers an d th e C o n

,

fi i tu ti o n o f th e E art h i n r efe r en c e to its Wa

~

a
.
,

t ers ; a n d n o d o u bt t h e y b o rh ai m at th e fam e
C au fes as t h e y r e fe r t o t h e fam e E ffe ét ; o n l y
,

Mojes men ti o n s th e i m m e di at e C au fes th e ,

R ai n s an d th e Wat ers o f th e Ab yfs ; an d Sr .

Bo0K I I . Teter
I 14 Th e Theo y of r the EA R r HI
Teter m e n ti o n s t h e m o r e r e m o t e an d fu n d al
m e n t a l C a u fe s , t h a t C o nfi i tu ti o n o f th e H e av en s ,
a n d t h at C o n fl i tu ti o n o f th e E a rt h
, i n r e e r en c e
f
t o t h e ir r e f e éti v e W at e rs , w h ic h m ad e t h a t
p
Wo rld o b n o xi o u s to a De l u g e : A n d th e fe t w o , .
'

fp ea k i n g o f N oa h s D e lu g e , a n d agr e e i n g t h u s
’

w it h o n e an o t h e r , a n d b o t h w it h u s , o r w it h th e
Th eo ry wh ic h w e h av e given o f a g en er alD elu g e,
w e m ay fafe ly c o n cl u d e , t h at it is n o i ma gi n a
r y Id e a, b u t a tr u eAcco u n t o f th at a n ci en t Fl o o d,

w h er eo f Mofier h at h l ef t u s th e Hi fio r y .

ND
,

A fe ei n g th e rig h t u n de r fi an di n g o f t h e
M o a zea / A b fs is fu ffic i en t a lo n e t o pr o v e a ll
f
' '

y
w e h av e de l i v e r d c o n c e r n i n g th e D e l u g e , as alfo
’

'

c o n c er n i ng th e Fr am e o f th e ant edi luv i an E art h ,

g i v e m e l e av e to t ake N o tic e h e r e o f fo m e o th ér
Pl ac es o f Script u re, w h ich w e m e n ti on d b e fo r e, ’

th at fe e m m an i fefily to de fcr i b e t h is fa m e F o r m
o f th e A b y fs w it h t h e E art h a b o v e it , 2 Efdn .

xvi .
58 . Pfa l
‘
. xxi v . 2 . He f ounded th e
E a r th
th e Sea s , a n d u on th e F loods
u
p on
p .

T
A n d fa l cxxxvi 6 . . . Hefir eteh d ou t th e E a r th
’

a han e th e Wa ter s No w t h is F o u n d ati o n o f t h e

.

E art h u p o n th e W at e rs, o r E X ten fi o n o f it ab o v e

th e Wat e rs , 2 Efar e vi d o t h m oft aptly a
. . .

gr e e to t h at S tr u éi ur e an d Sit u ati o n o f t h e A
b y fs a n d th e a n t edil u vi an E art h , w h ic h We h av e
a lli g n d t h em , a n d w h ic h w e h av e b e fo r e de
’

V
fcr i b d b u t e ry i m pr o p e r ly a nd fo rc e dly to th e
’

r e fe n t F o r m o f t h e E a rt h a n d t h e Wat e rs In
p .

t h at feco n d Pl ac e o f th e Tfa hnt/t, th e Wo rd

m ay b e r e n de r d e it h e r , h e fir e tch d, as w e r e a d
’ ’

fi
i t, o r h e fix d an d con fo li datcd th e Eart h ab o e
’

t C
 Th The e y
or l o
f the E A R TH .

i ng F o r m o f th e Ab y fs an d th e fir fi E art h ,
th e

g i v e m e l e av e to a dd t h is g e n e r a l R e m ark th at ,

t h e y a r e c o m m o n ly u lh e r d i n o r fo ll o w d
’ ’

, ,

W 1 tl1 fo m e th i n g o f A d m ir ati o n i n t h e Pr o p h e t .

W e o b fe r v d b e fo r e t h at th e F o rm ati on o f th e
’

fir li E a rt h a ft e r fu ch a w o n d e r fu l Mann e r b e
, ,

i n g a Pi e c e o f divi n e Ar ch i te é tu r e wh e n it w as
’
,

fp o k e n o f i n Script u r e it w as u fu ally a fc r i b d
’

t o a p artic u l ar Pr o vid e n c e ; a n d a cc o rdi n gly w e

fe e i n th e fe Pl ac e s n o w men ti o n e d t h at it i s ,

fii ll m ad e t h e O b je ét o f Pr ai fe an d A dm ir ati o n
’

In th e cxxxvi Ta lm tis r e c k o n d am o n g th e
’ ’

Wo n d e rs o f G o d VIer/es 4 5 6 Gi v e Tr
,
,
, , .

t o h i m w h o a lone doth g r ea t l Vona er s : / ’

h i m th a t h] Wlfa om ma de th e Hea v ens : T

’
o
h z me th a t jl r eteh etl ou t th e E a r th a bov e the
’

Wa ter s A n d i n l ik e m an n er, i n t h at xxxiii Tj

.
‘

.
’

tis jo i n d w it h th e F o r m i n g o f th e H eav en s,
’

a n d m ad e th e S u b j eé t o f t h e Divi n e P o w e r
’

a n d Wi fdo m : Ver 8 , 9 B th e Wor d

fi
'

s 7 , ] .

o th e L or d w er e th e Hea v ens ma de, a nd a ll

f
t h e Hofi of th em h] th e B r ea th of h i s Mouth
He g a th er eth the Wa ter s eth er , a s

i n a B ag , h e laj eth up th e
L et a ll th e E a r th f ea r th e L ord , L et a ll th e In
h a hzta nts of th e hVor ld fi a n d zn a w e of h zm
F or h ejp a he, a na i t w a s h e comma nded, a nd i t
’
.

ood a l N ely , a ll T i n gs fl o o d i n t h at
fl f/ a m
. h
w o n d er fu l Po li u r e m w h ic h th e Wo rd o f h i s
P o w er a n d \V i fdo m h ad e fl ab li lh d t h em fl a ’

v r a o ft e n m ad e th e W o rks o f N at u r e , a n d th e
’

e xt e r n al W
o rld , t h e Matt e r o f h i s Me dit a

ti ons, and; o f h i s Pr ai fes an d Ph i lo fOph i cal D e

v o ti on s
The fl
'

eln e a na fDiflh lnti on of th e E ar th

'
’
g . 1 1 7

v o ti o n s ; r efieéti ng fo m e t i m es u p o n th e pr e fen t
'

F o rm o f th e Wo r ld an d fo m e ti m es u p o n th e
,

pri m itive F o r m o f it : An d th o p o etic al Ex ’

p r e fl i o n s , as th e Tfa lms fe ldo m a r e (0 de

a re ,

t e rm i n at e a n d di fii n Ct, b u t t h at t h e y m ay b e
’

i n t erpr et e d m o r e t h an o n e Way ; y e t, - I
th i n k,
it c an n o t b u t b e a c k n o w l e dg d, t h at th o fe E x ’

lfi d P f t h t h v fi d
’

p r e on s , an a f ag e s a w e a e i n an c

i n , ar e m o r e fairly a n d aptly u n de r fl o o d o f th e
a nci e n t F o r m o f th e S ea, o r th e A b fs , as it
y
w as i nclo s d w it h i n th e E art h , t h an o f th e p r e
’

fen t F o rm o f it i n an o p e n C h a n n e l .

E E
TH R ar e al fo i n th e B o o k o f 701 m an y
n o b l e R e fl eéti o n s u p o n t h e Wo rks o f N at u r e,
an d u p o n th e F o r m ati o n o f t h e E art h an d th e

A b y fs, wh e r eo f th at m Ch ap xxvi 7 Hefi r eteh . . .

eth ou t th e N or th ov er th e em t T la ees , a n d
py
h a ng eth th e E a r th up on noth i ng , fee m s to p ar al
l e l th e Ex pr e f fio n o f fD av zd He [tr eteh ea ont ’

th e E a r th up on th e M ter s fo r th e Wo rd w e
T
r en d e r th e emp ty la ee is TO HU , w h ic h is ap
l
p y
’
d to t h e C h ao s a n d t h e fi r i’
t A b y fs , G e n i z . . .

an d th e h a n i n th e E a r th oon noth i n is m u c h
g g n g
m o r e w o n d er fu l , i f it b e u n de r fl o o d o f th e fir lr ’

h abit abl e E ar th , th at h u n g o v e r th e W
a t e rs , fa f

t ai n d by n o t h i n g b u t its o w n p e c u li ar F o r m , a n d
’

th e L ibr ati o n o f it s P arts , t h an i f 1 t b e u n d e r

fl o o d o f th e pr e fe n t E art h , an d th e w h o l e B o dy
o f 1t fo r i f it b e 1 n its C e n t e r o r pro p e r Pl ac e ,
w h it h e r fh o u ld 1 t fin k fu rt h e r , o r w h it h e r fh o u ld
it g o Bu t t h is Paifag e, t o ge t h er w it h th e fo r ego
.

i n g an d fo l lo wi n g V er fes r e q u ir e s a m o r e critic al
,

Ex ami n ati o n t h an t h is D i fcou r fe w i ll e afily b e ar .

I 3 THE R E
 Th Theory of
e
‘

th e E A R1 HI
THE R E is an o t h e r r e m ark abl e D i fco u r fe i n
0h t h at c o n t ai n s m an y T h i n gs to o u r
7 r e fen t
'

, p
Pu r p o fe tis Ch ap xxxviii w h e r e G o d r epr o ac h
’

. .
,

oh w it h h i s Ig n o r a n c e o f w h at p afs d at
y
’

es

t h e b e g i n n i ng o f t h e \V o r ld an d t h e F o r m a ,
a

ti o n o f th e E art h Verfes 4 , 6 Wh er e w aft , ,

~

t h an w h en I la i a th e F ou nda ti oni of th e E a r th
’

“
D ecla r e if th ou h a/t Under/ta ndi ng Wh o h a th .

l a i a th e Mea fur es th er eof if th ou hnow ejt ? or

’
,
’
w h o h a th fir etr h ea th e L i n e up on i t [W h er e
on a r e th e F oun da ti ons t her eo
’
a tnea ? or
np ff /
w h o la i el th e Cor n er ji on e ? A l l t h e fe Qte fii o n s
-

h av e far m ote F o r c e an d E m p h afi s m o r e Pr o ,

r i e ty a n d E le g a n cy i f t h e y b e u n de r fl o o d o f
p ,

t h e fir ft an d a n t edi lu vi an F o rm o f th e E art h ,

t h an i f t h e y b e u n d erfl o o r! o f t h e p r e fen t ; fo r
i n th e p r e fe n t F o r m o f th e E art h t h e r e is n o
Ar c h i teétu r e n o S tr u Ctu r e n o m o r e t h an i n a
’

, ,

R u i n ; o r at l e alt n o n e c o m p ar ativ e ly t o w h at
w as i n th e fir ft F o r m o f it An d t h at th e e xt e ri o r .

a n d fu p er fic i al P art o f th e E art h is h e r e fpo k e n

o f app e ars by th e R u l e an d L i n e appli e d to it 3

,

b u t w h at R u l e o r R eg u l arity is t h e r e i n th e
S u r fac e o f th e p r e fen t E art h ? Wh at L i n e w as
u s d to l e v e l its P arts ? Bu t i n its o rigi n a l C o n
’
~

firu é ti o n w h e n it l ay fm o o th an d r eg u l ar i n its
’ ‘
,

S u r fac e as i f 1 t h ad b e en dr aw n by R u le an d
,

L i n e i n e v e ry P art 5 an d w h e n it h u n g po i s d u p
’

o n t h e D e e p w it h o u t Pil l ar o r F o u n d ati o n
,

St o n e t h e n ju ii Pr o p o rti o n s w e r e t ak en an d
, ,

e v e ry t h i n g p l ac d by W e ig h t an d Me a f ur e ;
’

A n d t h is I do u b th o r w as t h at arti fici a l Str u e

, ,

t u r e h er e a l lu d e d to ; an d w h en t h is W o rk w a s

fin i lh d,
’
 Th Th e
f E A R TH
eory o th e .

t h e y br o k e o u t o f w as t h e gr eat Ab fs th e
y ,

Ch a ldee Par ap h r a fe i n t h is P l ac e d o t h ex p r efl y
m e n ti o n ; a n d w h at c an b e u n de r fl o o d by
i n ”CN N ; th e M ath of th e E a r th b u t t h a t ,

fu b te tr a n eo u s C ap acity i n w h ic h th e Ab y fs l ay
Th e n t h at w h ic h fo ll o w e t h is a D efcr iptio n o r
R e pre fen tatio n o f th e gr e at D e l u g e t h at en fu e d ,

a n d o f t h at D i fo r der i n N at u r e t h at w as t h e n ,

a n d h o w th e Wat e rs w e r e fe ttl e b d
d a n d ou n

e d aft e r w ards No t u n l ik e th e D e fcr i pti o n i n

.

Tfizlm civ v er 6 7 8 9 An d t h u s m u c h for

. .
, , , .

th e fe Pl a c e s 1 n th e B o o k o f y oh .

TH E R E 1 e m ai n s a r e m ark abl e D i fc o ur fe i n
th e T r ov er hs o Solomon r e l ati n g to t h e Mo a i
f j
‘

ca l A b y fs a n d n o t o n ly to t h at b u t to th e O r i
, ,

o f th e E a rt h i n g e n e r a l ; w h e r e Wi dom
g i n
f
d e cl ar e s h e r An tiq u ity a n d Pr e ex i fie n c e to all
th e Wo rks o f t h is E art h Ch ap viii Veijo 2 3 , . .
,

24 , 25 2 6 27 2 8 I w a s fet up fr om E v er
, .

l a/l i ng f r oin th e B eg i nni ng er e th e E a r th w a s

, ,

, .

Wh en th er e w er e no Teep s or z i hyfl es I w a s ,

hr oug h t f or th , w h en no F ou nta i n s a hou ndi ng

w i th Wa ter T h en i n th e a 7 Verfie, Wh en h e
.
th

r ed th e Hea v ens , I w as th er e , w h en h e

m
Co p affs up on th e F a t e of th e We? or A
When h e e/ta hlijhed th e Clou
h e fl r ng th ned th e F ounta i ns
e
H e r e i s m e n ti o n m ad e o f th e A b yfs , an d o f
t h e Fo un t ai n s o f t h e Ab fs d w h
y a n o c an

q u e fi i o n, b u t t h at t h e F o u nt a i n s o f the A b y fs

h e r e ar e th e fam e w it h t h e F o u n t ai n s o f th e
.

Ab y fs wh ic h 111 o m e n ti o n s an d w e r e br o k e n ,

o en , as h e t e l ls u s , at th e D el u g e ? L e t u s
p
o b l et v e
T
h e D elug e and sorgh u m
‘
f o th e E a r th . 1 21

o b fe r v e t h er e fo r e w h at F o r m Mfdom giv e s to
t h is Ab y fs an d c o n feq u e n tly to th e Mofa i r al ;
,

An d h e r e fe e m t o b e tw o E x pr e fii o n s t h at de
t erm i n e th e F o rm o f it Verfi 2 8 Hefi r eng th , .

ned th e F ounta i ns o f t h e fl h jf s t h a t is t h e co , ,

v er o f th o fe F o u n t ai n s fo r th e F o u n t ai n s c o u ld
,

b e fir e ng th n ed n o o t h e r Way t h an by m aki n g
a fir o ng C o v e r o r Arc h o v e r t h e m An d t h at .

Arc h is ex pr efs d m o r e fu lly an d di fii néi ly i n

’

t h e fo r eg o i n g Vorfe W h en h e pr ep a r d th e Hea
(
’

v ens I w a s th er e
, w h en h efet a C o m pafs on
th e F a t e of th e fl hjfi w e r e n d e r it Comp afi '

t h e Wo rd fig n i fies a C irc le o r C irc u mfe r en c e ,

o r an O r b o r Sp h e r e S o t h e r e w a s i n th e Be .

gi n ni n g o f th e Wo rld a Sp h e r e O r b o r Arc h ,

fet r o u n d th e Ab y fs a cc o rdi n g to th e Tefii m o

,
~

n y o f hfi dom
f w h o w as t h en p r e fen t
, A nd .

t h is fh ews u s b orh t h e F o rm o f th e Mofa i ea l

,
,

A b yfs w h ic h w as 1 n c lu ded w it h i n t h is V au lt
,

An d th e F o r m o f th e h abit abl e Eart h w h ic h ,

w as th e o u t w ard S u r fac e o f t h is V au lt o r th e
-
,

C o v er o f th e Ab yfs t h at w as br o k e u p at th e
D el u g e .

A N D t h u s m u c h I t h i n k is fu ffi,c i en t t o h av e
,

n o t e d o u t o f Script u r e c o n c e r n i n g th e Mo a i ea l
,f
A b yfs to di fc o v e r th e F o r m P l ac e an d Sit u ati
, , , e

o n o f it ; w h ic h I hav e do n e th e m o r e l arg e ly ,

b e c au fe t h at b e i n g deter m i n d it w ill dr aw i n
’

e ali ly a ll t h e r efi o f o u r T h eo ry c o n c e r n i n g th e
D e l u g e I w ill n o w o n ly add o n e o r tw o g en er al
.

O b fer vati o n s a n d f o c o n c lu d e t h is D i fc o u r fe
,

Th e firfi O b fe rv ati o n is c o n c e rn i n g th e Ab yfs ;

‘

n amely T h at th e openi ng andfhutti ng of th e 4

,

1 bjfi )
hyfs , is th e gr eat Hi n g e u p o n w h ic h N at u r e t u r ns ‘

i n th e E art h Th is bri n gs a n o t h e r F ac e o f t h i n gs ,

o t h e r S ce n e s a n d a n e w Wo rld u o n th e St ag e
, p
A n d a cc o rdi n gly it is a t h i n g o ft en m en ti o n d
’

a n d a ll u de d to i n Script u r e fo m e ti m e s i n a n a ,

t u r al fo m eti m es i n a m o r al o r t he o logic al S en fe
,

a n d i n b o t h S e n fe s o u r Savi o u r lh u ts a n d o p en s
,

i t as h e p lea feth O u r S avi o u r w h o is b o t h

.
,

L o rd o f N at u r e an d o f Gr ac e w h o fe D o m i n i on ,

i s b o t h i n H eav en an d i n E a rt h h at h a d o u b le ,

K ey ; t h at o f th e A b yfs wh er e by D e at h an d
’

H ell ar e i n h i s P ow e r an d a ll th e R ev b lu ti ,
o

o n s o f N at u r e ar e u n d e r h i s C o n du C t an d Pr o
v i de n ce ; an d th e K e y o f fDa v i d wh er e b y h e ,

a d m its o r e xc l u d e s fr o m th e C ity o f Go d a n d ,

t h e Ki n gd o m o f H e av e n w h o m h e p le afe th .

y oh xi t o 1 2 1 4 . A p oe i 1 8 xx
, , 1 2 . . . . .
, ,

Ap oe iii 7 Ifa xxii 2 2 O f th o fe P l ac e s

’

1 .
-
. . . . . .

“
t h a t r efe r to the {h u rti n g an d op e n i n g th e A
b y fs i n a n at u r a l S en fe I c an n o t b u t p arti e n ,

l ar ly t a k e N o tic e o f t h at i n j ob,Ch ap xii v er . . .

1 4 , 1 Ch ap x x i 1 0 G od hr ea lteth down;
5 . an d . .

a nd i t c a nnot he bu i lt a a i n : He
g
Ma nf a nd th er e ca n he no op eni ng :
w i th h oldeth th e Wa ter s , an d th e) , dry up
'

alf o

h efi ndeth th em ou t a nd the] ov er tu r n th eE ar th .

I h o th e fe Th i n gs b e tr im o f Go d i n lelfer a n d
’

c o m m o n In fi an c e Sy ye t to m e it is pl ai n , t h at
t h ey p r i n ,
to th e D e l u g e , t h e o p e n i

A b yfs , w it h th e Di lfo lu
’
i ng z a n d
t 1o n o r S u b v e r fro n o f t h e E art h t h e r e u po n ;
a n d acc o rd i n ly t h e y a re m ad e th e gr e at E ff e éts
’

g
o f t h e di vi n e Phwer a n d W
th
1 i fdo rn i n t h e 1 ;
-
. -
1 24 . Th e Theo y of the E A R TH2
r ~

fe r an d a gr eat e r Ac co m pli lh ment an d Intcr i

r e tati o n
p .

I c 0 U L D not
p by t h is P
afs l ac e w it h o u t giv

i n g t h is lh o r t Explic ati o n o f i t We pr o c ee d n o w .
,

t o th e fe co n d O b fe r v ati o n w h ic h is c o n c e r n i n g ,

t h e Styl e o f Script u r e i n m o ft o f th o fe Pl a c e s
’
,

w e h av e cit ed an d o t h e rs u p o n t h e fa m e S u b jeéi
, .

Th e Re fl eéti o n s t h at ar e m ad e 1 n fev er al P arts

o f th e divi n e W1 i ri n gs u p o n th e O rigi n o f th e
,

Wo rld a n d th e F o rm ati o n o f th e E arth fe em

, ,

t o m e to b e w rit i n a Sty l e fo m e th i n a h
pp
o
r o a c g

i n g to th e N at u r e o f a pr o p h e tic a l Styl e an d to ,

h av e m o r e o f a div i n e E n th u li afm an d El o c u ti o n
i n th e m t h an th e o rdi n ary Te xt o f Script u r e
,

t h e Expr e f fio n s ar e l o fty an d fo m et i m es a br u pt, ,

an d o ft e n fig u r ativ e a n d di fg u i s d as m ay b e o b
’

»
,

fe rv d 1 11 m o lt o f th o fe Pl a c e s w e h av e m ad e u fe
’

of a n d p artic u l ar l y m t h at Sp e e c h o f Wfdom
, ,

Trov viii w h er e th e a 6 Vorfe is fo ob fcu r e

. .
h t
,

th at n o tw o Ver li o ns t h at I h av e y e t m et w it h ,

wh e t h e r a n ci e n t o r m o d er n agr e e i n th e T r an ,

fl ati o n o f t h at V er fe An d t h er e fo r e th o I fu ll y
’
.
,

b e li e v e t h at th e C o n fi r u éi i o n o f th e fir li E art h 1 3

r eally i n t e n d e d i n t h o fe Wo rds ; y e t fe e i n g i t

c o u ld n o t b e m ad e o ut c lear w it h o u t a l o n g a n d
critic a D i fc u fl l o n o f t h em I d1 d n o t t h i n k t h at
1 ,

pr op e r to b e i n fi fted u p o n h er e We m ay al fo .

o b i e i v e t h a t w h e r e as t h e r e 1 5 a d o u bl e F o r m o r
,

C o m p o fi ti o n o f t h e E art h t h at w h ic h it h ad at ,

fir lt o r till th e D e l u g e a n d t h at w h ic h it h at h
’
, ,

fin c e ; fo m e ti m e s th e o n e an d fo m e ti m es th e ,

o t h e r m ay b e l d p i n t h e fe Script u r e
’

n o n
g a c u

Ph t afes an d D efc r ip ti o n s ; and lb t h er e m ay b e i n

th e
The fi el g e and D ifi l f th e E a rth
’
‘
u o u ti on o . 1 2g

th e fam e D i fc o u r fe an I n t er m ixt u r e o f bo rh A nd .

it co m m o n ly ha pp e ns fo i n an e n th u fiafii ck o r:
‘

r o h e ti c k Styl e t h at by r e afo n o f tt ag e r n e fs
’
'

p p ,

a nd T r em bli n g o f th e F an cy it do t h n o t a l w ay s
-

r eg u l arly fo ll o w th e fam e ev en Th re ad o f D i fu
c o u r fe b u t fir i k e s ma ny ti m e s u p o n fom e o t h e r ;
'
'

Th i n g t h at h ath R e l ati o n to i t; o r di e s u n d e r o r
'

n e ar th e fam e V ie w O f t h is w e h ave fr e q u e n t
. . u

Ex ampl es i n th e Ap oca lypjé an d 1 11 t h at Pr o p he cy ,

o f o u r S avi o u r s Ma rth xxi v con c e r n i n g th e

’

. .
,

D e fir u éi i o n o f y er ufa lem an d o f th e Wo rld Bu t , .

n o tw i th ltan di n o
’
g a ny fu ch U n ev e n n e fs o r In di f .

ti n é tn e fs i n t h e Sty le o f th o fe Pl a c e s w h ic h w e
’
.
y

h ave cit e d c o n c e r n i n g th e O r 1 g 1 u an d F o r m o f
th e E art h , w e m ay at leafi m ak e t h is R em ark ;
t h at i f t h e r e n ev e r w as any o t h e r F o rm o f th e
Eart h b u t th e p r efen t, n o r an y Ot h e r St at e o f th e
Ay b fs ,
t h an w h a t i t i s i n n o w, tis n o t i m agi n a bl e o

w hatjh o u ld giv e Qc cafio n to all t ho fe E x p r e fl k

o n s a n d Bat
,
T ag es t h at w e h av e cit e d ; w h ic h b e i n g

fo {tr a n g e i n th em fe lv e s an d p ar ad o xic al , {h o u l d
y e t f o m u c h f av o u r an d fo fa irly c o m ply w it h
,

o u r S u pp o fiti o n s Wh at h av e o b fer v d i n a n o I ’
~

T T
.

t h e r Pl ac e, ell heor li h 2 e 6 i n t reati n g o f

. . . . . .

T a r a a i e, t h at th e Ex pr e fii o n s o f th e an c i e n t F a e
’
f
t he r s w e r e v e ry e xtr av ag an t , i f a r a di f
/e w as n o T
t h i n g b u t a li ttl ePlo t o f G r o u n d i n M f p ota n na ,
‘

a s m an y o f lat e h av e fan ci e d , m ay i n l i k e fMa nn e r

b e o b fe r v d c o n c er n i n g th e an ci e nt E a r t h a n d A
’

b yfs ; 1 f th e y w er e 1 n n o o t h e r F o r m n o r 1 0 th e1:
.

St at e t h an w h at t h e y ar e u n d e r n o w , th eEx pr e fl i J
o n s o f th e facr e d W rit ers (c o n c e r n i n t h e m ar e
g
v ery fir ang e andu naccount able, w it h o u t an y fu f
,
.

fici en t
 7h e Th eo y of th e E AR TH
’

r .

fici en t G o u n r d t h at w e k n o w o r an y jufi O c ea
, ,
'

fio n fo r fuc h u n c o u t h R e p r e fe n tati o n s If t h er e .

w as n o t h in g i n t en d e d o r r eferr d to i n th o fe D e
'

fc r i pti o ns b u t th e pr e fen t F o r m an d St at e o f
,

t h e E art h t h at is fo w e ll k no w n t h at i n dc “
, ,

fcr i b i n g o f it th er e w o u ld b e n ot h i n g d ark o r
m yfie r i o u s , n o r a ny o c c afion for O b fc u r i ty i n
'

th e Sty l e o r Ex pr e fl i o n , w h e r e o f w e fin d fo
m u ch i n th o fe S o as, a ll Th i n gs co n fider d,
’

w h at m ig h t Ot h er w i fe b e m ad e an Exc e pti o n to
fo m e o f th e fe Te xts a lle dg fd by u s , v i z . t h at
t h ey ar e to o o b fcu r e, be c o m e s an Arg u m e n t fo r
u s : A s i m plyi n g t h at t h e r e i s fo m et h i n g m o r e
‘

i n t en d e d b y the m t h an th e p re fen t an d k n o w n
F o r m o f th e Ea rth An d w e h avi n g pro po s d
'
’

an o t h e r Ph r m a n d th e E arth ; to ,

w h ic h th o fe C h ar aa er s fu it an d a n fw er mo r e
‘

ea fily ; as th is o p e n s an d giv es L ig h t t o th o fe -

d i ffi c u lt P l ac e s , fo it m ay b e re afon ab ly co n c lul
d e d to b e th e ve ry S en fe and N o ti o n i n t en d ed
by th e h o l y Writ ers .

I
A N 1) t h u s m u c h , t h i n k , is (u ffic i en t to h av e
o b fer v d o u t o f S cript u r e, to v e ri fy o u r Explic a
’

t i o n o f the D e lu g e , an d o u r App l ic ati o n o f i t

'

to N oa h s F lo o d , b o t h a cc o rdi n g to th e Mo
’

ai m l H lto r y o f th e F lo o d , a n d a cc o rdi n g to
f i
m an y o c eafio na l R e fieéti o n s an d D i fco u r fe s di f
a

ers d i n o t h e r P l ac e s o f S cript u re c o n ce r n i n g
’
'

p
t h e fam e Fl o od, o r c o n c e r n i n g th e Ab yfs an d th e
fir lt Fo r m o f th e E art h A n d t h o u g h th e i e m ay
‘
’

b e fo m e o t h e r P affag e s o f a di ffe r ent A fpefi , t h e y

’

w il l b e o f n o F o rc e to di fp r o v e o u r C o n cl u fio n s ,
b ecau fe t h e y r efpefl the pr e fent f o r m o f th e
’

E ar t h
 Th e Theory of EARTH th e .

E art h fl p oZ/oa om s faid B zhl li h I t h at th e

.
’
, . .

Mo u n t ai n s o f T
.

h ef a l] w e r e divid e d a fu n der o r ,

fep ar ate o n e fr o m a n o t h e r at t h at ti m e : An d
L u ci a n ( fi e Tea Sy r i a ) t e lls a v ery r e m ar k a
b le St o ry t o t h is pu r p o fe c o n c e r n i n g fD eu m ,
‘

li on s D elu g e an d a C e r em o n y o b fe r v d i n th e
’ ’

Te m pl e o f Hi er op olzs i n C o m m emo rati o n o f

'

i t ; w h ic h C e r e m o n y fe em s to h av e b een o f t h at
N atu r c as i m ply d t h at t h er e w as an o p en i n g
,
’

of th e E art h at th e Ti m e o f th e D e lu g e an d ,

t h at th e Wat ers fu b fide d 1 nto t h at ag ai n w h e n

th e D elu g e c eas d He fait h t h at t h is Tem p le
’

.
,

a t Hzer o olzs w as b u ilt u p o n a ki n d o f Ab yfs

p ,

o r h ad a b o tto m le fs Pit o r g a pi n g o f th e E art h ,

i n o n e P a rt o f i t a n d th e P e o pl e o f Ar ahza an d
Sy r i a an d th e c o u n t r i e s t h e r e ab o u ts t wi ce a
, ,

Y e ar r ep air d to t h is Tem p le an d br o u gh t w it h
’

t h e m e v e ry o n e a V effel o f Wat e r w h ich t h e y ,

u r d o u t up o n th e F lo o r o f th e T e m p l e an d
’

p o ,

m ad e a ki n d o f an I n u n d ati o n t h e r e i n Mem o ry
o f D euea h on s D e l u g e ; an d t h is Wat e r fu n k b y
'
’
‘

D egr e e s i n t o a C h afm o r o p e n i n g o f a Ro ck ,

w h ic h th e Te m p l e fto o d u p o n a n d fo l eft th e
’
,

F lo o r dry ag ai n A n d t h is w as a R i te fo le m n ly
.

a n d r e l ig i o u fl y p e r fo r m d b o t h by th e Pr i efis an d
’

by th e P eo pl e If Mofe: h ad l e ft fu ch a t e ligi
.

o u s R it e a m o n g th e y ew s I fh o u ld n o t h av e , ,

d o u bt e d to h av e i n t e rpr e t e d it c o n c er n i n g h i s
Ab y fs an d th e r etiri n g o f th e Wat e rs i n t o it ;
,

b u t th e aécu al D i fr u pti o n o f th e A b y fs c o u l d
’
'

n o t w e ll b e r ep r e fe n te d by an y C e r e m o n y An d .

t h u s m u c h co n c e r n i n g th e pr e fen t Qi eli i o n an d ,

t h e tr u e App lic ati o n o f o u t T h eo ry to Noa h s

’

F lo od . C HA P .
The D eliig eahd fl iflhli i i o i hf i h Ea r i h
‘ ' '
‘
i i e . 1 r

r
C H
'

A P VIII .

Th e
p a r ti cula r Hijlor} of N o ah s
F lood i s ex

a i a ed m a ll th e ma ter i a l Pa r i s a nd Ci r ci i h i
‘
p l
T
,

a i cer o i t a ccor di n to i h e r ecedi ii h

l
f i f g p g eo

r
y A .h] fi ehi i h
g D ifi i cii l i i es r eh
‘
i ofl
v d a nd

th e w h ole Seéi i oii conclu ded w i th a Tif

'
,

coii rfie h ow fa r th e fl ela e m a h e look d ti ?

’

’
.

g y ]
on a s th e Efi i i o a n or i n a r y fl r o vi d:a ce,
f d
’ f

a nd h ow a r o a h ex i r a or di har]
f f .

h av e n o w pr o v e d o u r Ex pli c an o n of
h e D e l u g e t o b e m o r e t h a n a n Idea ,
o r t o b e a tr u e P 1 e c e o f n at u r al Hi ii o r y 5 an d

it m ay b e th e g r eatelt an d m o fi r e m ark abl e

t h at h at h yet b ee n fin c e th e Beg i n n i h g of t h e
Wo rld We h av e {h e w n it to b e th e r er a l Ac
.

c o u n t o f Noa h s Fl o o d , a c co rdi n g to Au tli o

’

rity b o rh di vi n e an d h u m an , an d I
l i n g ly pr o c e e d o n e h ep fu r tl1 e1 , an cl
Th o u gh ts c o n c ern i n g th e Man n e r a nd O r de r
w h er e i n Noa h s Fl o o d c a e to p a FS 5 i h wh at
’
’
m
Me t h o d all th o fe Th i n gs happ en d an d f ucc c e d ”

e d o n e an o t h e r , t h a t m ak e U
p t h e Hi li 01 y of

it , as C au fes o r Effe Cts , o r 0th e1 P arts o r C i 1

’

c u m lran ce s : A s h o w t h e A r k w as b o r n u p o n
’

t h e Wat e rs , w h at E ffe éi th e R a i n s h ad, at W h at

Ti m e th e E art h bro k e an d th e Ab yfs w as 0 ,

p en d , a nd w h at t h e C o nditi o n o f th e E art h
w as u p o n th e en di n g o f t h e Fl o o d , an d fu ch
lik e But I defir e to p r b pofe m y Th o ug h ts c o n
.
’

c ern i nCgD th e fe Th i n gs o n ly as C o ri jeé tur es , ’ '

w h ic h I wi ll gr ou n d as n ear as I can u p o n
B OOK I S cript u r e
 The Th eory of E AR T H .
th e .

Script u r e a n d R eafo n an d am v ery w i lli n g ,

t h e y {h o u ld b e r eci ified w h e re t h ey h app e n

t o b e a m i fs I k n o w h o w fu b ieét w e ar e to
.

Mifiak es i n th e fe gr eat a n d r e m o t e Thi n gs ‘

w h e n w e de fce n d t o P a rtic u l ars ; b u t I a m w i l

l i ng t o e x p o fe th e Th eo ry to a fu ll Tri a l an d ,

t o {h e w t h e w ay fo r a n y to e x ami né it r o vi d
p ,

e d t h e y do i r w it h Eq u it an d Si n c e rity I h av e
y .

n o Ot h e r D e fi n t h an to tri t m E d
b
-J
ea
g c o n u e y n

v o u r s to fin d o u t th e T r u t h i n a S u b jeét o i fo
'
‘

gr eat I m p o rtan c e an d w h er e i n th e Wo rld h at h

,

h it h e rt o h ad (0 littl e S ati s faét i on : An d h e t h at

‘

i n an o b fc u r e A1 g u m e n t p r o p o fe th an
Hyp oth e

t at r e a c h et h fr o m E n d to En d th o it b e
f h
’

r ,

n or e x aé r 1 n e v e ry P artic u l ar ; tis n o t w it ho u t
’ ’

a g o o d E ffe é r ; fo r it giv e s A i m to o t h e rs to
’

t ak e t h e ir Me afu r es b ett e r an d o p e n s t h e ir In
‘

v en ti o ri i n a m att e r w h ic h o th er w i fe it m ay b e , ,
wo u ld h av e b ee n i m p en e tr a bl e to t h em As .

h e t h at m a k e s th e firfi w ay t h ro a th ic k F o r e fi
’

h it {i r e i g h teft an d {h o r t efh de
n o t th e
’

t o be
fe rv e s be tt e r , an d hat h d on e m o r e t h an h e t h at
m ak e s it fir e i h te r an d fm o oth e r aft e r w ards
g .

DE
P R o v I N C E t h at ru let h all t h i n gs an d all
Ag e s, aft er th e E art h had fl o o d abo v e fixteen
g
h u n dr e d Y e ars, t h o u h t fit t o p u t a P e ri o d to
W
t hat o rld and acc o rdi ngly it w as r e v e al e d
W
.

to N oah , t h at for th e i ck e dn efs an d D eg e n e

r acy o f Me n , Go d wo u ld defir o y Man ki n d w it h
t h e E a r th, ( Gen v i 1 3 ) i n a D el u g e o f
. . . at e r 5 W
w h e r e u p o n h e was com m an d ed, 1 n o rd e r to th e
p r e fer v i n
g o f h i m fe l f a n d F a m i l y , as a St o c k
for th e n ew W
or ld , to b u i ld a gr eat Veffel o r
2 A ,r k
 The Theory f
“
o th e EAR '
r H
.

br o k e n o p e n F o r I do n o t fu ppo fe th e Ab yfs
.

br o k e n o p en b e fo r e an y R ai n fe ll ; an d w h en
th e o p e n i n g o f t h e A b y fs a n d o f th e Fl o o d g at e s -

o f H e av e n a r e m e n ti o n d t o g e t h e r l am a t t o
’

p ,

t h i n k th o fe Fl o o d g at e s w e r e di fli n éi fr o m th e
-

c o m m o n Ra i n an d w e r e fo m e th i n g m o r e vi o l en t
,

a n d i m p et u o u s S o t h at t h e r e m ig h t b e pr ep ar a
.

t o ry R ai n s be fo r e th e D i fr u pti o n o f th e A b yfs
A n d I do n o r k n o w b u t t h o fe R ai n s fo c o v e r ,

i n g u p an d e n c lo fin g th e E art h o n e v e ry fide ,

m ig h t pr o vid e n ti ally c o n trib u t e to t h e D i fr u p ti

o n o f it ; n o t o n ly by fo ft n i n g an d w e ak n i n th
g e

A rc h o f th e E art h i n th e b o tt o m o f th o fe C r acks
a n d C h afm s w h ic h w e r e m ad e by t h e S u n an d ,

w h ich th e R a i n w o u ld fir l t r u n i n t o b u t e fp ec i al
’
,

l y by fi0 ppi ng o n a fu dde n a ll th e P o r e s o f th e
E art h a n d all Ev ap o r ati o n w h ic h wo u ld m ak e
, ,

th e V ap o u rs w it h i n fir u g g le m o r e vi o l e n tly as ,

w e g et a F e v e r by a C o ld ; a n d it m ay b e i n
.

t h at fi r u g g le th e D oo rs an d th e B ars w er e
,

br o k e an d th e gr eat Ab yfs g u lh d o u t as o u t
,
’

o f a Wo m b .

H O W E V E R w h e n th e R ai n s w e r e fallen
, ,

w e m ay fu ppo fe th e F a c e o f th e E art h c o v er d
’

o v e r w it h Wat e r ; a n d w h e t h e r it w as th e fe

Wat e rs t h at St Teter r efers to o r t h at o f th e

.
’
,

Ab y fs aft e r w ar ds I c an n o t t e l l w h en h e faith
, ,

i n h i s fir fi Ep i fi l e Ch ap iii 2 0 Noa h a a d h i s
, . . .

F a mi ly w er e jii v d hy Wa ter ; fo as th e Wat e r

’
f

w h ic h deli r o y e d th e r e fi o f th e Wo rld w as
a n In fir u m en t o f t h e ir C o n fe r v ati o n i n as ,

m u c h as it b o r e u p t h e Ar k an d k ept it fr o m
“ ,

th at i m p et u o u s S h o ck wh i ch it w o u l d h av e
,
'

h ad,
The Telag e a ri d {D f f
oli i ti ori o th e E ar th
'

i . 1 5 3

h ad, i f e ith e r it h ad flo o d u p o n dr y L an d

w h en th e E art h fel l , o r i f t h e E art h h ad b e e n
di ffo lv d w it h o u t an y Wat e r o n it o r u n d e r it
’

H o w ev e r Th i n gs b ei n g t h u s pr epar d l e t u s
,
’

fuppo fe th e gre at Fr am e o f th e e xt e ri o r E art h to

‘

h av e b r o k e a t t h is ti m e, o r th e F o u n t ai n s o f th e
great Ab y fs , a s Mofi s fait h to h av e b ee n t h e n
'
’
,

o e n d ; fr o m t h e n c e w o u ld i lfu e u p o n th e F a ll
'
’

p
o f th e E art h w it h a n u n fp e ak ab l e Vi o l en ce , fa c h
,

a Fl o o d o f Wat e rs as w o u ld o v err u n a n d o ver -

w h e l m fo r a Ti me al l th o fe Fr ag m en ts wh ic h th e
E art h br o k e i n to , a n d b u ry i h o n e c om m o n
G r av e a ll Man ki n d , an d all th e I n h abit an ts o f
t h e E art h Be fide s , i f th e F lood a tes o f He a
.
g
v e n w e r e a n y th i n g di fii n ét fr o m t h e F o rty D ays
'

R a i n , t h eir E fi u fi o n , tis lik e ly w as at t h is fam e

'
’

t1 m e w h e n th e A b y fs w as br o k e n o p e n , fo r th e
l i n ki n g o f th e E art h w o u ld m ak e an ex tr ao r di
n ary C o nv u lfio n o f th e R egi o n s o f th e Ai r , a n d

t h at C r ack an d No i fe t h at m u lo b e i n th e F al
'
‘

l i n g Wo r ld , an d i n th e C o lli fio n o f th e E art h
a n d th e A b yfs w o u ld m ak e a gr e at an d u n i
,

v e r fal C o n c u fii o n a b o v e , w h ic h t h i n gs t o g e

t her m u fi n e eds fo lh ak e , o r fo fq u e ez e th e Ar
m o fp h er e, as to bri n g d o wn a l l t h e r e m a i n i n g ’

V ap o u rs ; b u t th e F o rc e o f t h e fe Mo ri o n s n o t
"

b e i n g e q u a l t h ro u gh o u t th e Wh o l e Air , b u t dr aw '

i n g o r p r e fii n g m o r e i n fo m ePl ac e s t h an i n o th er ,
w h er e th e C e n t e r o f th e C o n v u lfto n w as, t h e r e
w o u ld b e th e ch i e fe li c o lleéti o n , a n d t h er e w o u ld
fall , n o t S h o w e rs o f R a i n , o r h u gl e Dr o ps , b u t
gr eat Sp o u ts o r C afcades o f Wat e r an d t h is 1 3
th at w h ic h j
o é s M
f e e m s to c al l , n o t im pr o p e r ;

K 3 ly
1 34 Th T
h eory of th e E A
e
'

R TH .
,

th e Ca tar a éi s ‘
of Heav en o r th e Wi ndow:
'

l y, ,

f
o Hea v en hei a
gfi pet o en

THU S th e Fl o o d c am e to its h e ig h t ; an d tis

’

n o r e a fy t o r ep r e fe n t t o ou r fe l v e s t h is fir an g e
S c en e o f Th i ngs wh e n th e D e l u g e w as i n u s,

F u ry an d Extr e m ity ; w h en th e E art h w as bro k en

an d fwa ll o w c d u p 1 n th e Ab yfs w h o fe r agi n g ,

\V at e 1 s ri fe h ig h e r t h a n t h e Mo u n t ai n s an d fil l d
’

t h e Ai r w it h br o k e n Wav e s w it h a n u n i v e r fal ,

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, ,

fe e m d to b e m a fe c o n d C h ao s an d u p o n t h i s
’

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’

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St o r m s an d r ag m g S e as w e r e lit er ally tru e i n ,
’

t h i s if n o t b e n e at h 1 1 Th e Ar k w as r eal ly car
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t i e d to th e T o ps of th e h i h efi Mo u n t ai n s an d
g ,

i n t o th e P lac es o f th e Clo u ds an d t h ro w n d o wn ,

ag ai n i n t o th e dee p e fi G u lp h s ; an d to t h i s v e ry
St at e o f th e D el u g e an d o f t h e Ar k w h ic h w as ,

a T yp e o f th e C h ur eh i n t h is Wo r ld fl a v i d ,

fe e m s to h a v e all u d e d 1 n th e n am e o fth e C h u r ch
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ef h C é W fp
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l iv e u p on fu c h a S e a t h at k e pt i t fro m b e i n g
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,

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.

c o n fi d e r 1 t i n i ts D e cr eafe an d th e St at e o f th e ,

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r ou d Wa v e: he 6 xxxviii
p fip 7o t, 0 1 0, 1 1 . .

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t ers fe ttl e d i n
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t h e Me dit err a n e an fr o m t to th e 4 174 71

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’

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’

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, .

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pr e tty w e l l fio ck d w ith P e o pl e an d h u m an In
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du fir y c lean fe d an d d r ai n e d th o fe u n fr u it fu l an d
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.

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z . 1 39

r e t ai n fii ll in Pr o po rti o n to t h e ir Situ ati o n an d

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S o i l a gre ate r N u m b e r o f th e m
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.

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,

i n t h is Ma nn e r fo r m an y Y ea rs aft e r th e D e
l ug e ; fo r w h ile Ma n ki n d w as fm ail an d fe w ,

t he y n e ed e d b u t a l i ttle G ro un d fo r t h e ir S eats
o r S u lte n an c e ; an d as t h e y g r e w m o r e n u m e
‘

r o us th e E art h pro p o rti o n a bly gr e w m o re dr y

, ,

a n d m o r e P arts o f 1 t fit fo r H abit ati o n I c afi .

l y b e li e v e t h at Tla to s O b fer v at i o n o r Tr aditi

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o n [de L e i t 3 J is tr u e t h at Me n at fir lt a f
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,

t h e Pl ai n s an d l o w e r C o u n tri e s wh e n N at u r
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b e rs r eq u i t d m o r e R o o m Th e Hi fio r y o f Mo
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r

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Vo u s o f Man ki nd ; (0 l o ng th e y fe em to h av e
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k e pt i n a Bo dy an d fro m t h e n ce t h ey w er e di
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was p eop le d b y an u n ifor m Pr o paga tio n o f

Man ki nd
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-

th e l ait Pl ac e s i n h abit e d 5 fo r w h il e th e Me
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t h e m t h e y did n o t c ar e fo r c o m i n g fo n e ar
,

t h e ir lat e E n em y 5 o r at l eafi to b e i n clo s d ,

’

a nd fu r r ou n ded by h i s F o rc es .

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’
,

c o n c er n i n g all th e P arts o f th e D e l u g e a n d th e ,

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,

fo r th e fu rt h e r U n i o n o f o u r Th eo ry w it h th e
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,

i n t h at Hi lto r y to b e t a k e n n o tic e o f w h ic h
‘

’
,

m ay b e t h o u g h t po fl i b ly n o t to agr e e fo w ell
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t h e Ab y fs 1 5 ( till r e ally c o v er d Mofir fa it h th e

’

fam e Th i n g o f th e Wi n d o w s o f H ea v e n t h at ,

t h e y w e r e {h u t u p to o 5 an d h e fe em eth i n bot h
to exp r e fs o n ly th e C e ffati o n o f th e E ffe C t w h ic h
’

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[1 0 12
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’
the E A R Tit .

S u bic éi r em ai n i ng Part o f t h is
o f th e firlt B o ok ; ’

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m o r e to b e add e d i n t h is Part u n le fs it b e to c on ,

c ln de w it h an Adv e r ti fe men t to pr e v e n t an y
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th at g r e atjudg m e nt w as br o u g h t u p o n th eWo r ld
in a pr o vid e n ti al an d m ir a c u l o u s Man n e r .

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fo n s i n t h i s P artic u la r I an fw e r an d d e cl a r e fir ft
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Th at w e ar e far fr om e xcl u di n g divi n e Pr o vi

d e n c e e it h er o rdin ary o r ex tr ao rdi n ary fr o m
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a Sp arr o w d o t h n o t fa l l to th e G r o u n d w it h
.

o u t th e Wil l o f o u r H eav e n l y F at h e r m u ch ,

le fs d o t h th e g r eat Wo rld fall i n Pi e c e s w it h o u t .

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h i m h e is th e F o u n ta i n o f b o t h Th i n gs t h at
,
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h av e Mo ti o n o n ly w it h o u t Th o u g h t h av e 1 t a l
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123 fr o m h i m :: A n d w h at h at h o n ly n ak e d Be
i n g w it h o u t T
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B e i n g to h im A n d th e fe ar e n o t o n ly d eriv ed
.

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a n d co n fe r v dl b y h i m S o i n ti m at e an d u n iv e r!
’

fal is th e D ep e n d a n c e o f all Th i n g s u p on th e
'

Divi n e Wil l an d Po w er .

I N th e fe c o n d Pl ac e t h ey ar e g u i lty i n m y
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dg m en tg o f a gr eat Er r o r o r In di fcr e ti o m
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d en c e .
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e u e he d fl zf
fieluti m f o the E a th r . 1 4 ;
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. . G od h at h , 1 xiv .

n o t l e ft u s w i th o u t W i tn e fs i n t h a t h e giv es
.
,

u s Rai n fr o m H eav en ; y e t R ai ns pr o c e e d fr o m

n at ur a l C au fe s an d fal l u p o n th e S e a as w e l l
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a s u p o n th e L an d In lik e m an n e r o u r S avi o u r
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Me t vi 2 1 m ak es th o fe Th ings In fian ces o f

.
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an o rdi nary C o u r fe o f N at u r e ; i n t ha t Pa rt o f
hi s exc ell ent S er mo n u p o n th e Mo u n t L u ke ,

xii 24
. th at co nc er n s Pr o vid e n c e h e bids t h e m
.
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ewei dler th e L i li es how th ej g now , the} ref/ not ,
nei th er do th ey nn, a ndj et S o l o m o n i n a ll h i s
fi
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’

b ids t h e m al fo eonfider th e R a t/ em ; th e} nei f

th er few w e r ely) nei th er h a v e the] Stor e ,

h q ufe nor Ba r m emd God feedeth th em The . .

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nr

i n g to th e o rdin ary C o u r fe o f N at ur e , an d y et
t h e y ar e ju fll y m ad e A rgu m e n ts o f Pr o vide n ce
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,

o f fec o nd C au fes as w ill i n th e b elt O r de r ,

'

,
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a nd fo r a l o n g S u c c e fii o n , pr o d u c e th e m o fl
,

r eg u l ar E ffects , a fl i fie d o n ly w i th th e o rdi n ary

C o n co ur fe o f; th e fir fi Ga u fe , is a g r e ate r A rg u . e

W
m n t o f ifdo m an d! C o n tri v an c e, th an fu c h
e

a D i f o fiti o n o f C au fes as w ill h o t i n fo g o o d

p
‘ '
.

an O r der , or fo n fo i lo n g a Ti m e pro d u c e te

g u la r.
E fc fS, it
w hout an. e xtrao rd i ry na , Co n e

Co urfe a n d l n te r o fiti o n o f t h e ofirft C a u fe : Th i s ’

p
Ithi nk i s Cl e ar to e ve ry Ma n s J u dg m en t
’

e W .

th ink h im a be tt e r Ar t i ft t h at m ak e s C l o ck;
'
-
t a
t h at
1 4 2
1
. Th e Th eory of E A R Tth e
H .

t h a t fir i k es r e g u l arly at e v e ry H o u r fr o m th e
Spri n gs an d Wh e els w h ic h h e p u ts i n th e Wo rk ,

t h an h e t h at h at h fo m ad e h i s C l o ck t h at h e
m u ft p u t h i s Fi n g e r to it e v e ry H o u r to m ak e
it fir i k e : An d i f o n e {h o u ld c o n triv e a Pi e c e
o f C l o ck w o rk fo t h at it fh o u ld b e a t a ll th e
-
,

H o u rs an d m ak e all its Mo ti o n s r egu l arly fo r

,

fu c h a Ti m e a n d t h at Ti m e b e i n g c o m e u p o n
, ,

a Sig n a l giv en o r a Spri n g to u ch d it {h o u ld’

, ,

o f its o w n a cc o rd fa ll al l to Pi e c e s ; w o u ld
n o t t h is b e l o o k d u p o n as a Pi e c e o f gr e at e r A r t
’

t h an i f th e Wo rkm an c am e at t h at Ti m e pr e
fix d an d w it h a gr e at H a m m e r b e at it i n t o p i e
’

c e s ? I u fe t h e fe C o m p ar i fo n s to c o n vi n c e u s ,

t h at it is n o D e tr aéti o n fro m divi n e Pr o vid e n c e ,

t h at th e C o u rfe o f N at u r e is e x aét an d r eg u l ar ’
,

a n d t h at e v e n i n its g r e ateft C h an g e s an d R e

v o l u t i o n s it lh o u ld {till co n fpi r e an d b e p r ep a r d
’

to an fw e r t h e E n ds a n d Pu r p o fes o f th e divi n e

Will i n r efe r en c e t o th e m o r al Wo rld Th is .

fe e m s to m e t o b e th e gr e at Ar t o f divi n e Pr o
v i den ce fo to adju i t th e t w o Wo rlds h u m an
‘
, ,

a n d n at u r a l m at e ri al an d i n tel le é tu al as fe e i n g
’
, ,

t h r o th e Po fl i b i li ti es an d F u t u riti o n s o f e ac h
’

a cc o rdi n g to th e fir ft St at e a n d C i r c u m fi an ce s

h e p u ts t h e m u n d e r t h e y lh o u ld a ll a l o n g c o r
,

r e fp o n d a n d fit o n e a n o t h e r a n d e fp e c i ally i n
,

t h e ir gr eat C r i fes a n d P e ri o ds .

TH 1 R D L Y Befide s th e o rdi n ary Pr o vid en c e

,

o f Go d i n th e o rdi n a ry C o u r fe o f N at u r e t h e r e ,

is d o u b tle fs an e xtr ao rdi n ary Pr o vid en c e t h at

do t h att e n d th e gr e at e r Sc e n e s an d th e gr eat e r
R e vo l u ti o n s o f N at u r e Th is m et h i n ks b eli des
.
, ,

all
 Tear /my f atm
‘

o .
R Tn
, .

"
C it A P . IX .

Th f e econ dl Pa r t of thi s
‘ ' '

p r ov i n
g th e
Theo y fr om r
'
th e a n d ar
[ d ent

f o i fi }
th e E a r th
F h y a
g ener a l S t h eni e
.
,

, a nd
/ h
'
of w h a t i s mo t r ema r /
z a le i n th i s Gloh e

th en h] a mor e p a r ti cula r In a a fti on ; beg i n

' ’

wi ng w i th a n A eeotm t of fa hter r a fl eoa s Ca v i

'

ti es a h a fithter r a neous Wa ter s

’ ' '
‘
.

E hav e no wfinifh d
Exp lic ati o n of ’

o ur

th e u n i v er fal D e l u g e an d g i v e n an Ac ,

c o u n t n o t o n ly o f th e Po fl i b i li ty o f it b u t (fo
, ,

fa r as o u r K n o w l e dg e c an r e ac h ) o f 1 ts C au fe s
a n d of t h at F o r m a n d S tr u éi u r e o f t h e E a rt h ,

w h e r eby th eOla hVor ld w as fu b jeé c to t hat fo rt

’ ’

o f F at e We h av e n o t b eg d an y Pri n cip l e s or
.
’

S u ppofi ti o ns fo r th e Pr o o f o f t h is ; b u t t a ki n g
t h at c o m m o n Gro u n d w h ic h bo t h Mofes and ,

a ll A n tiq u ity
p r e fe n t to u s v i z T h a t th i s , .

E ar th r ojefr om a Ch a os : We h av e fr o m t h at
d edu c d by a n e a fy Tr ai n o f C o n feq u e n ce s
’

, ,

Wh at th e h r i c F o r m o f 1 t w o u ld b e ; a n d fr o m
’

t h at F o r m a s fro m a n e ar er G r o u nd w e h av e
, ,

by a fe co n d Tr ai n o f C o n feq u e n ces m ad e it ap
p e ar t h at at fo m e Ti m e o r o th e r t h at firfi E art h
‘

w o u ld b e fa bi eér to a D i ifo lu ti o n a n d by t h at
'
,

D i lfo l u ti on to a D e l u g e A n d t h us far w e h av e .

pr o c ee d e d o n ly by th e I n t u iti o n o f C au fes as ,

is m o lt pro p e r to a Th eo ry ; b u t for th e S atis

faéi i o n o f th o fe t h at r e qu ir e m o r e fen ftb l e Ar
u m en ts a n d to c o m pl e at o u r Pr o o fs o n e it h e r
g ,

h an d w e w il l n o w arg u e fr o m th e E ffe éts a n d

,
’

fr o m th e p r e fe nt St ate o f N at u r e an d th e p r e
'

fen t
Th e T l g e n e and iDi
f f l
o nti on o 4 7 th e E a r th . 1

fe n t F o r m o f th e E art h pr o v e t h at it h at h b e e n
,

br k en and u n derg o n e fu c h a D i lfo lu ti o n as

o ,
'

we h av e alr e ad y de fcr i b d an d m ad e th e 1 m m e
’
a
-
,

di at e O cc afto n o f th e D e l u g e A n d t h at w e
m ay do th is m o r e pe r fp i cu o u fl y an d di fii n étl y
’

we w ill l ay d o w n t h is Pr o po fiti o n to b e pro v d

’

F or m a nd S tr a éi nr e of
f
th e p r e ent
th e E a r th, hoth as to th e Su rfa ce a nd a s to th e
inter i or T ar ts f i t, [0 f a r a s th e] a r e lenow n
o
a nd a cc
e hm
l e t o a s n
’
o th ex a our

Th eory concer ning the F or m

,

t he E h d ca nnot he ex la i n a a on a n
fifi
’ ’

a r t , a n
p p ]
oth er H oth k
)p ef ys et n ow n .

O RA OR T S
a n d Ph i lo l O h e r s tr e at N at u r e
p
a ft e r a v e ry di ff er en t Man n er ; t h o fe r e r e fe n t
p
h e r w it h a ll h er G r ac e s a n d O r n am en ts, a n d i f
'

th e r e b e an y Th in g t h at is n o t c ap abl e o f t h at
'

th e y diffem b le it o r pafs it o v er fl i g h tly Bu t

, .

Ph i lo fo ph e r s V i ew N at u r e w it h a m o r e i m p ar
ti al Eye a n d w it h o u t F av o u r o r Pr ej u dic e giv e
,

a j u fi an d fr ee A cc o u n t h o w t h e y fin d a l l th e,

P arts o f th e U n i v er fe fo m e m o r e fo m e l efs
, ,
~

p e r fe
’
G t. A n d as t o t h is E a rt h i n p a rtic u l a r i f ,

I w as to defcr i b e it as an O r at o r I wo u ld fa p ,

p o fe it a b e au ti fu l an d r egu l ar G l o b e ; an d n o t
o n ly fo b u t t h at th e w h o l e U n i ver fe w as m ad e
,

fo r its fak e ; t h at it w as th e D arl i n g a n d F a

v o u r i te o f H e av e n t h at th e S u n fh i n d o n l yto ‘

C 1 t L ig h t to rip en its Fr u it an d m ak e fr e lh
l , ,

i ts F lo w ers an d t h at th e gr e at C o n c av e o f th e
Fir m am e n t an d all th e St ars i n t h e ir fev e r al
,

O rbs w e r e defig n d o n ly fo r a fp an g le d C abi

’

n et to k e e p th is J e we l in Th i s Iaea I w o u ld .
’

L 2 . iv
g e
'

1 4 8 The Theo y of th e E A R TH r .

giv e o f it as an O r at o r b u t a Ph i lo fo p h er t hat
o v e r h e a rd m e w o u ld e it h er t h i n k m e i n eft o r
] ,

v ery i n j u dici o u s i f I t o o k th e E art h fo r a B o dy

,

fo r eg u l ar i n it fe lf o r fo c o n fi der ab le i f c o m
,

p ar d w it h th e r eft o f th e U n i ver fe Th is h e
’

.
,

w o u ld fay is to m a k e th e gr e at Wo r ld l ik e o n e
, .

o f th e H e a t h e n T e m p le s a b e au ti fu l a n d m ag , .

n i fic e n t S tr u fi u r e an d o f th e r i c h e fi Mat e ri als
, ,

y e t b u ilt o n ly fo r a l itt l e br u t e Id o l a D o
g o r a , ,

C r o c o dil e o r fo m e d e fo r m e d C r e at u r e p lac d
’

i n a C o r n er o f it .

W E m u ll t h e r efo re b e i m p arti al wh er e th e
Tr u t h r eq u ire s it an d defcr i b e th e E art h as it i s
,

r eal ly i n it felf an d t h o u g h it b e h an dfo m e an d

r eg u l ar en o u g h to th e Ey e i n c e rt ai n P ar ts o f it ,

fin g le Tr acks an d fin g l e R e gi on s y et i f w e co n
fi d er th e w h o l e S u r fac e o f it o r th e w h o l e ex te ,

ri o r R e gi o n tis as a br o k e n an d c on fu s d H eap
,
’ ’

o f B o di e s l d i O rd e r t o o n e an o t h e r
’

a c n n
p , o ,

n o r w it h a n y C o r r e f o n den c y o r R e g u l arity o f
'

p
P arts An d fu ch a B o dy as th e Mo o n app e ars to
u s w h en tis l o o k d u p o n w it h a g o o d G l afs
’ ’

, ,

r u d e an d r agg ed ; as it is a l fo r epr e fe n ted i n th e

m o d e r n Maps o f th e Mo o n ; fa c h a T h i n g w o u ld
th e E art h app ear i f it w as fe en fr o m th e Mo o n .

Th e y ar e b o rh i n m y J u dgm en t th e I m age o r
Pi ttu r e o f a gr e at R u i n an d h av e t h e tr u e A ll ,

p ea o f a W o r l d l yi n g i n its R u b b i lh See F i
g . .

ia h qx fi
XL
O URE
rt h is fir lt divid e d i n t o Se a an d L an d
a ,

w it h o u t an y R e g u l arity i n th e P o rti o n s e it h e r ,

o f th e o n e o r th e O t h er ; i n th e Sc a lic th e Ifl an ds ,

fc atter d lik e L i m bs t or n fr om th e r eft o f th e

’

B ody ;
 The Theoy f r EAR TH o the .

P l a i n s u p o n th e L an d an d th e E arth w o u ld
g e n e r ally b e fu ll o f C av er n s an d Ho l lo w n eife s ,

e f e c i a ll y i n th e m o u n t a i no u s P arts o f it A d
p n .

w e fe e th e R e fem b l a n c e a n d Im it ati o n o f t h is
i n le ffe r R u i n s w h e n a Mo u n t ai n li n ks a n d fall s
,

i n t o fu b ter r an eo u s Wat e r ; o r w hi ch is m o r e ,

o bv i o u s w h e n th e Ar c h o f a Bridg e is br o k en
, ,

a n d fa lls i n t o th e Wat e r i f th e Wate r u n d e r i t ,

b e n o t fo d e ep as to o v e rflo w an d c o v e r all i ts
P arts yo u m ay fe e t h e r e th e I m ag e o f a ll th efe
,

t h i n gs i n littl e Ifla n ds an d ,

Ro cks u n d e r Wa t e r : An d i n t h e P arts t h at
,

h an d ab o v e th e Wat e r yo u fe e M o u n t ai n s a n d
, ,

Pr e ci pic es and P lai ns a n d m o h o f th e V ari e

, ,
-
»

t i es t h at w e fe e and a dm he i n t h e Parts o f th e
E art h . n ee d w e t h e n fe ck an y f u rt h e r fh r
,

th e Exp lic ati o n o f th e fe t h i n gs i L e t u s fu pp o fe

-

t h is Arc h o f th e Bridg e as th e gr eat Arch o f th e ,

E art h w h ic h o n c e it h ad an d th e W at e r u n d er
, ,

it as t h e Ab y fs a n d th e P arts o f t h is R u i n to
,

r e pr e fen t th e P arts o f th e E ar th : T h e r e w il l b e
fc ar c e an y Di ffe r e n c e b u t o f l e ffe r an d gr e at e r ,

t h e fam e t h i n gs app eari n g i n b o t h Bu t w e .

h av e n at u r ally t h at We ak n e fs o r Pr ej u dic e ,

t h at w e t h i n k gr eat t h i n gs ar e n o r to b e ex
.

l ai n d fr o m e a fy an d fam ili ar In fian ces ; we

’

p
t h i n k t h er e m ufi b e fo m eth i n g diffi c u lt an d op e
t o fe i n t h e Explic ati o n o f t h em o r e l fe w e a r e
‘
,

n o t fati s fie d w h e t h e r it is t h a t w e ar e afh am e d
to fe e o ur Ig no r a n c e a n d Adm i r ati o n t o h av e
’

* '

b e e n fo g r o rtndle ls o r w h e th e r we fan cy t h er e
,
°

m u fi b e a Pr é po r ti o n b e tw e en t h e Di ffic u lt y
~

o f th e E x p l ic ati o n a nd th e Gr eatn efs o f th e

“
,

3 t h i n
g
Th e fDelng e and fD iflb lnti on
'

f
o th e E a r th . I5 1

th i n g d ; b u t t h at is a v e ry fal fe J u dg
ex p lai n
’

m en t , fo r l et T h i n gs b e n e v e r fo gr e at , if t h e y
b e fi m pl e , t h eir Explica ti o n m u ff b e li m p le an d
e afy : An d o n th e c o n tr ary , fo m e t h i n gs t h at

ar e m ean , c o m m o n , an d o r di n ary , m ay de p e n d

u p on C au fe s v e ry di ffic u lt t o fin d o u t ; fo r th e

Diffic u lty o f e xpl ai n i n g a n Effeét d o t h n o t de

’

p en d u p o n its Gr e atn e fs o r L i ttle n e fs , b u t u p o n

t h e Si m p licity o r C o m p o fiti o n o f its C au fes .

An d th e E ffeé ts an d h a nomena we are h er e to

’
T
ex pl a i n , th o u g h g r e at, y et d ep en di n g u p o n C au

fes v e ry fim p l e , y o u m u fcg n o t w o n d e r i f th e
’
.

Explic atio n , w h en fo un d o u t, b e fam ili ar a n d

ve ry i n t e lligibl e .

A N D t h is is fo i n t e l ligibl e an d fo c ali ly de ,
.

d u ci b le fr o m th e fo re m en ti o n e d C a u fe s th at a ,
'

Man b or n bli n d o r br o u g h t u p a ll h i s L i fe i n a
'

t
,

C av e th at h ad n ev cr feen th e F ac e o f th e E art h
' '

, ,

n o r e v e r h ear d an y D e fc r i ti o n o f l i t m o r e t h an
p i
,

t h at i t was a gr e at Glo b e h avi n g t h is Th eo ry

o

p p
r o os d i t o h i m
’

o r b e
'

i n i n fir u é te d w h a t t h e
,
g ’
.

Fo rm o f th e firi c E art h w as h o w it fio o d o v e r
‘
’
,

th e Wa t e rs a n d t h e n h o w it w as br o k e a n d fe l l
,

i n t o th em h e w o u ld e aftly o f h i s o wn a cc o r d
,
.

fo r etel w h at C h an g e s w o u ld ari fe u p o n t h is D i f
fo lu ti o n an d w h at th e n e w F o rm o f th e E art h
w o u ld b e A s i n th e fir fi pl a c e h e w o u ld t e ll y o u
.
,

t h at t h i s fe c o n d E art h w o u ld b e di fti n g u i fh d a n d
’ ’

c h ec k er d i n t o L an d an d Wat e r ; fo r th e O r b
'
’

w h ic h fe ll b e i n g g r e at e r t h a n th eC i r c u m fer enqc
i t fe ll u p o n a ll t h e F rag m en ts c o u ld n o r fal l fl at
“
:
,
,

an d l i e dr o w n d u n d er Wa t e r ; an d " th o fe t h at;
’

fl o od ab ov e wou ld m ak e th e dry L and o r h ab i - .

L 4 t abl e
.
 t g a The Theo y of r th e E AR T H .

t ab le p art o f th e E art h Th en i n th e fe co n d .

P l ac e h e wo u ld p l ai n ly di fce r n t h at th efe Fr ag
,

m e n ts t h at m ad e t h e dry L an d c o u ld n o r l i e
a ll p lai n a n d fm o o th a n d eq u al b u t fo m e w o u ld ,

b e h ig h e r an d fo m e lo w e r fo m e i n o n e Po fi u r e ,

a n d fo m e i n an o t h e r an d c o n feq u en tl y w o u l d

m ak e Mo u n t a i n s Hil ls V all e ys a n d Pl ai n s an d
, , ,

a ll o t h e r V ari e ti e s w e h av e i n th e Sit u ati o n o f

t h e P a rts o f th e E art h An d l aftl y a bli n d Man

.
,

w o u l d e afily divi n e t h at l u c h a gr e at R u i n c o u ld
n o t h app e n b u t t h er e w o u ld b e a gr eat m an y

H o les an d C av i ti e s a m o n g fi th e P arts o f it a
'

g r e a t m a n y I n t e rv al s a n d e m pty P lac e s i n th e

R u b b i fh as I m ay fo fay ; fo r t h is w e fe e h ap
, .

p en s i n all R u i n s m o r e o r l efs ; an d w h er e th e
F r ag m en ts a r e gr e at an d h ard tis n o t p o fii b le
’

t h ey {h ou ld b e fo adju fi ed i n t h e ir F al l b u t t h at ,

t h e y w o u l d l i e h o l l o w i n m an y P l a c es an d ,

m an y u n fill d Sp ac e s w o u ld b e i n t erc ept e d a

’

m o n g li t h em ; fo m e g api n g tu th e S u r fac e o f
t h e E art h ; an d o t h ers h i d w it h i n ; fo as t h is
w o u ld giv e o cc afi o n to all fo rts o f F r a étu r es
a n d C aviti e s e it h e r i n th e Ski n o f t h e E art h o r ,

w it h i n its B o dy An d th e fe C av i ti es th at I m ay
.
, ,

a dd t h at i n the lafi P lac e w o u ld b e o ft en h ll d

'
’

.
,

w it h fu b ter r an eo u s Wat ers at l e ah at fu ch a

“
,

D e pt h ; fo r th e F o u n d ati o n s o f th e Eart h Ban d

i g n o w w it i n t h e
n h 7 at ers fo h ig h as th o fe ,

Wat ers r eac h d t h ey w o u ld mo r e o r l efs PI O :

’
‘

p ag at e th em fe lv es e v ery w ay .

THU S far o u r bli n d Man c o u ld t e ll u s w h at

’

th e n e w X Vo r ld w o u ld b e or th e F o r m o f th e
'

E art h u po rt th e g r eat D i fioluti on s and w e fin d

'
'

h is
1 54 . Th Th o y f
e HQ e r o th e E A R T

f en t C r u ft an d n o t a r ea l h abit ab le Wo r ld t h at
’ '

i ,

l fi e d fo r m o r e t h an fi tee n h u n dr e d Y e ars as
'

a x ,

w e fu pp o fe it to h av e b een An d th o u g h h e h at h .
,

i n m y O pi n i o n i n th e F o r m ati o n o f t h at firit
,

O r b an d u p o n t h e D i ffo lu ti o n o f it c o mm it
, ,
:

t e d fo m e gr eat O v er l g h ts w h e r eo f w e h av e i ,

giv e n an Acc o u n t i n th e L a ti n Tr e ati fe C 7 , . .

6 li h z c 4 h o w ev e r h e faw a Necefii ty o f
. . . .

fu ch a Th i n g an d o f th e D i fr u p ti o n o f it to
, ,

br ing th e E art h i n t o t h at F o r m an d Pofi ur e

w h e r e i n w e n o w fin d it .

THu s far w e h av e fp o k en i n g en er al con ,

c e r n i n g th e A gr e e m e n t an d C o n gr u ity o f o u r
“

S u p po f ti o n w ith th e p r e fen t F a c e o f th e E art h

t ,

a n d th e e a fy A cc o u n t it giv es o f th e C au fe s o f

i t An d t h o u g h I b e l i ev e to i n g en u o u s Per fo n s
.
,

t h at ar e n o t pr eju di c d by th e F o r m s an d O pi n i ’

o n s o f t h e S c h o o ls a ai n fi e v e ry t h i n g t h at lo o ks
g
l i k e a N o v e lty fo r I n v e n ti o n th u s m u c h m ig h t ,

b e fu ffici en t ; y e t fo r t h e S ati sfaCti o n o f all, w e

w ill , a s a fart h e r Pr o o f o f o u r Th e o ry , o r t h at
p art o f it w h ic h c o n c e r n s th e D i ffo lu ti o n o f th e
.

E art h , de fcen d to a p artic u l ar Explic ati o n o f

t h r e e o r fo u r o f th e m o lt c o n fi der ab le an d t e '

m ark ab le t h i n gs t h at o cc u r i n t h e Pa bri e k o f t h is
p r e fe n t E art h ; n am e ly , h e
g r ea t C h a nnel f
o T
th e Ocea n fithter r a neons Cav i ti es a na [ithter
’

r a neons l Va ter s ; an d l ai tly, Mounta i ns a nd

’

R ocks Th e fe ar e th e. o n d e rs o f th e E art h as W
. Fram e o f it ; an d w h o wo u ld n o t
t o t h e v i fi b le
,

b e p leas d to fee a r ati o n al A cc o u n t o f th e fe

’

o f t h e ir O rigi n an d o f t h e ir Pr o p e rti e s ? O r
'

w h o wo uld n o t appr o v e o f aa i oth efls w li en

'
-

t ll ey
Th e D ehg e a nd D iflblziti on (if the E a r th
'

‘ ‘
. 1 5 5
th e y fe e t h at N at u r e i n h er g r eate ll a nd fl r o n g
‘

c lt Wo rks m ay e afily b e u n d e rfl o o d by it an d is

’
,

i n n o o t h e r w ay t h at w e k n o w o f i n t e lligibl e ?
, ,

\V E w ill fp e ak fi ll o f fu b t er ra n eo u s C avi
ti es an d Wat er s b ec au fe t h ey w il l b e o f e afier
,

D i lpatch , In tr o d u éti o n t o t h e r e fi
an d a n
'
‘

T
THA th e In fide o f th e E art h is h o ll o w an d '

bro k en i n m an y Pl ac es, a n d is n o r o n e fir m a n d
u n it e d Mafs , w e h av e b 0 th t h e T e fti m o n y o f

Se n fe an d o f e afy O b fe rv at i on s to pr o v e Ho w
'

m an y C av e s an d D e n s and h o l lo w Paffag es i h
t o t h e Gr o u n d do w e fe e i n m an y C o u n tri e s,
e fp e c i al ly am on g ft Mo u n t ai ns an d Ro cks ; an d
’

fo m e o f t h e m e n dl e fs an d b o tto m le fs (0 far as
c an b e di fco v er d We h av e m an y o f t h e fe i n
’

o u r o w n I il an d , i n D er h h i S omer etfbi r e,
f
‘
jj r e,

Wa les , an d o t h e r C o u n ti es, an d i n e v ery C o n

t i n en t o r Ifl an d t h ey a b o un d m o r e o r l e fs T h e fe .

Ho llo w n efie s o f th e E art h th e An ci en ts m ad e

'
'

Pr i fo n s , o r St o r e h o u fes fo r t h e Wi n ds, an d
-

{er a G o d o v e r t h e m to c o n fin e t h e m , o r l et
t h e m l o o fe at h i s Pl e afu r e F or fo m e Ag es af .

t er t h e Fl o o d , as a ll A n ti q u ity t e lls u s , th e fe
w e r e th e h ri c Ho u fes Me n h ad, at l ea fi i n fo m e
’

P arts o f th e E art h ; h e r e r u d e Mo rt a ls lh e lter d ’

th e m fe lv es , as w e ll as t h e y c o u ld , fr o m t h e In .

j u ri e s o f th e A i r , till t h ey w e r e b e ate n o u t by
w ild Beafts t h at t o o k Po fie fii o n o f t h e m Th e
'
’
.

a n ci e n t O r acl e s alfo u s d to b e giv e n o u t o f th efe

’

V au lts an d R e ce fies u n d e r Gr o u n d , t h e Si hj ls
’
'

h ad t h e ir C av e s a n d th e , T
e vh i eh O r ac le , an d
é
t h e ir Te m pl es fo m eti m es w e re b u il t u p on an
h o l l o w Ro ck P lac es t h at ar e fir ang e an d fo l em n
.

(trik e
'

f56 The Theo ? of th) e EAR T H:

{trik e an Awe i n t o u s, an d i n c li n e u s to a k in d
o f fu er li i ti ou s T i m i d i t d V r ti an d
p y a n . en e a o n ,

t h er e fo r e th ey t h o u g h t t h e m fit fo r th e Seats
a n d R e fiden ce s o f t h e ir D e iti es T h ey fan ci e d
.

a l fo t h at St e am s ri fe fo m e ti m es , o r a fo rt o f V a

p o u r i n th o fe h o l lo w P lac e s, t h at g av e a ki n d
o f a divi n e F u ry o r In f i r ati o n B u t all th e fe
’

p .

U fes an d E m pl o y m en ts ar e n o w i n a gr eat m eal

fu r e w o r n o u t, w e k n o w n o U fe o f t h e m b u t
t o m ak e th e P l ac e s t a lk d o n w h e r e t h e y a r e, to
’

b e th e Wo n d ers o f th e C o u n try , to p lea fe o u r

C u r i o fity to g az e u p o n a n d a d m ir e ; b u t w e
k no w n o t h o w t h ey c am e, n o r to wh at p u r
p o fe t h ey w er e m ad e at firfi .

I t w o u ld b e v e ry p l eafa n t to r e ad g o o d D e
fcr i p tio n s o f th e fe fu b ter r an e ou s Pl ac es , and o f
a l l t h e fir an e Wo rks o f N a t u r e t h er e h o w {h
g e

fu r n i lh eth th e fe d ark n eg leél e d G r o tt o s ; t h e y

’

h av e o ft en a l ittl e Br o o k r u n s m u r m u ri n g t h ro
’
.

t h e m , an d th e Ro o f is c o mm o n ly a ki n d o f p e
t r e fie d E art h , o r icy Fr et w o rk , pr o p e r e n o u g h
-

fo r fu c h R o o m s Bu t I {h o u ld b e p l eas d e fp e
’

c i al ly to V i e w th e S ea c av es , o r th o fe h o l l o w
-

R o cks t h at l i e u p o n th e S e a, w h e r e t h e Wav es
r o ll a gr e at W ay u n d e r G r o u n d , an d w ear th e

h ard R o ck i n t o as m an y o dd S h ap e s an d Fig u r es
a s w e fe e i n th e C lo u ds Ti s pleafan t alfo to fee
.
’

a R iv e r i n t h e Middl e o f its C o u r fe t h r o w i r

fel f i n t o th e Mo u t h o f a C av e, o r an O p en i ng
o f th e E art h , a n d r u n u n d e r G r o u n d fo m eti m es

m an y Mil e s fii l l p u r fu in g its Way t h r o th e d ar k

' ’

Pip e s o f th e E art h , t il l at l afl it fin d an O u t le t -

.

Th er e ar e m any o f thefe R iv ers t ak en N otic e o f

in
 Th e Th eorj f the E A R r H
’

'

1 5 8 o .

Ki n d In th e t r l Hiflo r y o f all C o untr i es

na u a ,

o r t h e g e o gr ap h ic a l D e fc r i p t i o n s o f t h em y o u ,

fin d fu c h P l ac e s t ak en n o r ic e o f m o r e o r l e fs ; ,

y e t i f t h e r e w as a g o o d C o l l e é ri o n m ad e o f th e
‘ ‘

c h i e f o f t h e m i n fe v er al P arts it m ig h t b e of ,

u fe an d w o u ld m a k e u s m o r e fe n fib l e h o w b r o
,

k en an d t o r n th e B o dy o f th e E a rt h is .

TH E R E ar e fu b ter r an eo u s C aviti e s o f ano ‘

t h er N at u r e an d m o r e r e m ark abl e w h ic h t h e y
, ,

c al l Voica no s o r fiery Mo u n t ai n s ; t h at b el c h
’
'

o u t F l am e s an d S m o k e an d Alli e s a n d fo m e ,

t i m es gr e at St o n e s a n d br o k en R o cks an d ,

L u m ps o f E art h o r fo m e m et all i c k Mi x t u r e ;
,

a n d t h r o w t h em t o a n i n cr e dibl e D i li an c e by

t h e F o rc e o f th e Er u pti o n Th e fe arg u e gr eat

.

V a cu iti es i n th e B o w e ls o f th e E art h an d Ma ,

f f b l e Matt e r tr e a fur d u
’
i m b i i
’

g e t n
az n s o c o u
p
t h e m An d as th e Ex h alati o n s w it h i n th e fe Pl ac es
.

m u ll b e c o pi o u s fo t h e y m u lt l i e i n l o n g Mi n es
,
’

or T r a i n s to do fo gr e at E x e c u ti o n a n d to l all ,

fo lo n g . Ti s fcar c e cr ed i bl e w h at is r ep o rt e d
’

c o n c e r n i n g fo m e E r u pti o n s o f Vefa v i ns a n d
cfl tna Th e Er u pti o n s o f Vefi wi ns fe e m to
.

b e m o r e fr e q u e n t an d l e fs vi o l en t o f l at e ; th e
Fl am e an d S m o k e br ea k o u t at th e To p o f t h e
Mo u n t ai n w h e r e t h ey h av e e at en away th e
,

G r o u n d an d m ad e a gr e at H o l l ow (0 as it l o o ks ,

a t th e T w h y (l a n d p th Bri m s o f
o
p e n o, u u o n e

it lik e an Amph i th ea tr e o r lik e a gr e at C al

, ,

d r o n a b o u t a Mil e i n C irc u m fe r e n c e an d th e
, ,

b u r ni n g F u rn ac e li es u n d e r it Th e O u tfide o f .

t h e Mo u n t ai n is all f r ead w it h At s b u t th e
p ,

In fide m u c h m o r e for you wad eu to th e Mi d

p
l eg
Th e D elug e a na
'
Tiflolitti on of the E arth . r 39
l eg i n Alh es to g o d o wn to th e B o tt o m o f th e
C aV1 t ari d tis e xtr em e ly h e avy and tr o u b le fo m e
”

y
t o g et u p ag a i n Th e In fide li es fl o pi n g , an d
.

o n e m ay fa fe ly go d ow n , i f it b e n o t: i n a r ag
‘
‘

i n g Fit ; b u t th e m iddl e P art o f 1 t, o r C e n t e r ,

' ‘

w h ic h rs a litt le r ai s d l ik e th e B o r t om of a Pl at
‘ ’

t er , is n o t to be ? v en tur a u p on , th e Gr o u n d
’

t h er e l i es fa l fe a nd h o l l o w , t h e r e it alw ays
fm o ak s, an d t h e r ethe F u n ne l i s fu pp o s d to abe
’

h r i fi b le H l G pi w h r
'

y e tt e e 1 5 n o v .
o e o r a n g a n
y e e

wh en it do rh n o t r ag e N ap les {l an ds b e l o w i n .

fe a r o f t h is fie ry Mo u n t a in , w h ic h h at h o ft en
c o v er d its Str e ets an d P a l ac es w it h its Alh es
’

a n d i n Sig ht o f th e S e a ( w h ic h li es by th e Sid e
o f t he m b o t h) a n d as it we r e i n D e fian c e to it ,

th r ea t e n s at on eti m e o r o t h e r to b u rn t h at fair
t ells u s t h at fom e Er u pti o n s o f
,

c arry d C i n d e rs an d Alh es as far

’

as Confia nti nop le ; t his 1 5 attelte d b o t h by Gr eek

a n d L a ti n Au t h o r s p ar tic u l a rl y , t h at t h e y w e r e

(0 affrig h te d w i th thefe Alh e s a n d D ar k n e fs , t h at

t h e E m p e r o r l e ft th e C ity , a n d t h e r e w as a
D ay o b fe r v d y e arly fo r a Me mo ri al o f t h is
’

C alam ity o r Pr o digy

T
.

c/ E N A 1 3 o f gr eat e r F am e t h an Vefioiri ns ,
an d o f gr eat e r F u ry , a ll An tiq u ity fp e ak s o f It

n o t o n ly th e Gr eeks an d R oma ns , b u t as far as

Hifio r y r e ach et h , e it h er r eal o r fabu l o u s, t h e r e

i s fo m eth i n g r e c o rd e d o f th e Fir e s o f c/ E tna
Th e Fig u r e o f th e Mo u n t ai n is i n co n fiant , by
r eafo n o f th e
g r ea t C o n fu m p ti o n s an d R u i n s

i t i s fu b jeé t to th e Fir e s an d fE fiu ati o n s o f i t

’ '

a r e exc e ll e n tly defcr i b d by Vi r i l u p o O

’

cc al
g n ,

ti on o f (fi neas s pafii ng by th o fe C o afl s
’

.
 The Th eory of th e E A R '

1
'
Hi
Hor r ifici s jux ta Z Etn a m i ni s
tona t
In ter dnmque a tr a m p r or nmpi t a d a th er a nuhem,
Tu r bi nefnmantemp i ceo d) ca ndente f a v i lla ;
’

A ttol/i tqueg lohos fl a mma r nm (it fj der a la mhi t

Inter da m f cop nlos a v nlfa que v ifcera monti s
'

,
‘

E r zg i t er ntta ns li quefa fi a aefa x a firh a ur as

j
,

Ca m g emi tn g lomer a t,fu n oqae ex ajtna t i mo .

n c el adi emn i
F a ma j t E e / j f
a m u lmi ne cor u s
p
i ng entemqne i nfnp er zE tn am
a mma m ex i ra r e t a mi ni s
fl p .

u oti es mntet la tns , i ntr emer e omnem

q
Ma rmnr e Tr i n acr i am é crelumfnhtex er e famo
'

E tn a , w h ofie R ai ns ma ke a th u nder

S ometi mes hla c/e Cloa ds of Smo/ee, th a t r ow l a hozi t

Mi ng led w i th F lakes of F i r e, i t belch es oa t
A nd/ometi mes B a lls of F la me i t da r ts on h ig h,
Or i ts tor n B ow els fl i ng s i nto the Sky .

M th i n deep Cells under th e E ar th , a Stor e

Of F i r e ma ter i a ls , molten Stones , a nd Or e,
-

It g a th er s , th en fl ew s out, a ndg a th er s mor e .

E n c e l ad u s , w h en Th under [tr ack h] J o v e

-
,

Wa s hnry d h er e, a nd fE tn a th r own a bov e 5

’

fi nd w h en to ch a ng e h i s w ea r i ed Si de, h e tnr ni ,
T
,

h e I/la nd tr embles a nd th e Mounta i n bar ns .

N o T far fro m Q/ f tna l i es Str omholo and ,

o t h e r adj ac e n t Iflan ds w h er e t h e r e ar e al fo fa c h
,

Mag az i n e s o f Fir e ; an d t h r o u g h o u t all R egi o n s

a n d C o u n tri e s i n th e ”
ed I d
f n i es a n d -
i n th e

E afi i n th e n o rt h er n an d fo u th e r n P arts o f t h e
,

E arth t h e r e ar e fo me o f th efe Volcano s wh ic h

,
’

3 ar e
 Th e Th f E A R r HI
eo
ry o th e
'

fo r i f th e B o dy o f th e E art h w as fo u n d an d co m:
a 8t t h e r e w o u ld b e n o fa c h t h i n g i n N at u r e as
p ,

a n E art h q u a k e Th e y a r e c o m m o n ly acco m pa
.

n i e d w it h a n h eavy d e ad S o u n d lik e a d u l l ,

Th u n d e r w h ic h ar i fe th fr o m th e V ap o u rs t h at
,

a r e fir i v i n g i n t h e W o m b o f N at u r e w h e n h e r ,

Th r o ws ar e c o m i ng u p o n h e r An d t h at t h e fe .

C av e r n s w h e r e th e V ap o u rs l i e a r e V e ry l arg e
.

a n d c p a ci o u s
a w e a r e t au g h t fo m e ti m es by fa d
,

Exp e ri en c e ; fo r w h ol e C iti es an d C o u n tri es h av e

b e e n fwallo w d u p i n t o t h e m as Sodom an d Go
’

mor r a h a n d t h e R e gi o n o f Pentap oli s a n d fe

‘
, ,

v e r a l C iti e s i n Gr eece an d i n Afia an d o t h e r

, , .

P arts Wh o l e Ill an ds a l fo h av e b een t h u s ab fo r p t

.

i n an E art h q u ak e ; th e Pil l ars an d Pr o ps t h e y

flo o d u p o n b e i n g br ok e n t h e y h ave fun k and ,

fa ll e n i n as an Ho u fe bl o w n u p I am al fo o f O .

p i n i o n t h at th o fe Ifl an ds t h at ar e m ad e by Di
,

v u lfio n fr o m a C o n ti n e n t as Si ci ly w as br o k e n ,

o ff fr o m Ita l a n dGr ea t B r i ta i n as fo m e t h i n k
j
-

, , ,

fr o m F r a nce h av e b een m ad e th e fa m e w ay
,

t h at is th e Iflh m u s o r N e cks o f L an d t h at jo i n d
, ,
’

t h e fe l ll an ds w i th t h e ir C o n ti n en ts b efo r e h av e ,

b ee n h o ll o w an d b e i n g e it h e r w o r n by th e Wa
,

t c r o r lh ak d by an E art h q u a k e h av e fu n k d o w n
’

, , ,

a n d fo m ad e W ay fo r th e S ea t o o v e rfl o w t h e m ,

a n d o f a Pr o m o n t o ry to m ak e an I il an d For .

i t is n o t at a ll lik e ly t h at th e N e ck o f L an d
c o n ti n u e d h an di n g a n d th e Se a o v er fl o w d it
,
’

and ( 0 m ad e a n Ifl an d fo r t h e n al l th o fe Pa f ,

fag e s b e t w ee n fa c h Ill an ds an d t h e ir r e fp eél i v e

,

C o n ti n e n ts w o u ld b e c x tr e m e ly l li allo w a n d
,

u n n avi g a bl e w h ic h w e do n o t find t h em to b e
, .

No?
 T
”

h e D elng e and Q ifl ala ti on o th e

f E a r th
‘
'
. 1 6 3

N o r is it an y m o r e W o n d e r i f fu ch a N e ck o f
Lan d fh o u ld fa ll ,t h an t h at a Mo u n t ai n lh o u ld
li n k ,
t h e r Tr ail o f L an d a n d a L ak e
o r any o ,

r i fe i n its P l a c e w h ic h h at h o ft e n h app en ed
, .

Tla to fuppo fc th h is A tlanti s to h av e b ee n gre a

’
'

t e r t h an Afta a n d [ ff r i ca t o g e t h e r a n d y e t t o ,

h av e fu nk a l l i n t o th e S e a ; w h e th e 1 t h at b e tr u e
o r n o I do n o t t h i n k it i m p o f fib l e t h at fo m e
,

A r m s o f t h e S ea o r Si n u s 5 m ig h t h av e h ad fu c h
’

, ,

an O rigi n a l as t h at ; a n d I a m v e 1 y ap t t o t hi n k ,

t h at for fo m e Y e ars a ft er th e D e l u g e till th e ,

’

F 1 ag m en ts w e r e we ll fe ttl e d an d a dju li e d gr e at ,

A lt e r ati o n s w o u ld h app e n as to th e F a c e o f t h e
S e a an d th e L a n d ; m a n y o f th e F r ag m e n ts w o u ld

c h an g e t h e ir P o ll u t e an d m an y w o u ld fin k i h
,

to t h e Wa t e r t h at fl o o d o u t be fo r e th e P1 o ps
, ,

faili n g t h at b o r e t h e m u p o r th e J o i n ts a n d C o r
‘

n e rs w h e r e b y t h e y l ea u d u po n o n e a n o t h e r
’

A n d t h e re u p o n a n e w F ac e o f Th i n gs w o u ld a
l i fe a n d a n e w D e l u g e fo r t h at p art o f t h e E art h
, .

S u ch R e m o v es an d I n t e rc h a ng e s I b eli e v e , ,

w o u ld o ft e n h app e n i n th e firft Ag e s a ft e r
th e Fl o o d as w e fe e 1 n a ll o t h e r Ru i n s
, t h e re ,

h app e n l e lT e r a n d fe c o n dar y Ru i n s a ft e r t h e fir l r
’
,
’

till th e P arts b e fo w e ll p o is d a n d fe ttl e d t hat ’

wit h o u t fo m e Vi o l en c e t h e y fcar c e c h ang et h e i r

Po li u r e an y mo r e .

B U T to r et u rn to o u r Eart hq u ak e s an d to ,

giv e an In l an c e o r t w o o f th e i r Ext en t an d V i o
’
'

l e n c e : Tlzn) m en ti o n s o n e i n t h e R e ig n o t he
’ ’

th at fi r u c k d o w n t w e lv e C i ti e s o f
r zns Ca a r
f
'

Hf a i n o n e Nig h t An d F onr ni er g i v e s u s an Ac
O
.

co unt o fo ne i n T er n t h at r eac h d t h r e e h u n d re d
’

M 2 L e ag u e s
1 64 .
The Th eory of the E AR r 11 .

L e ag u e s alo 11 g th e Sc a fl1 0 r e, an d fev en tyL eag u es

'

1 11 l an d an d l e v e l d th e Mo u n t ai n s a ll a l o n g
’
-

a s i r w e n t , t h r e w d o w n th e C iti e s , t u r u d th e
’ ’

R i ve rs out t h e ir C h an n els an d m ad e a n
of ,

u n i v e r fal H av o ck a n d C o n fu fio n A n d all t h is ,

h e fa it h w as d o n e w it h i n th e Sp ac e o f fev c n o r
,

e ig h t Mi n u t es Th e r e m u fi b e dr e ad fu l V au lts
.

a n d Mi n e s u n d e r t h at C o n ti n e n t t h at g a v e Pa f

fag e to th e V ap o u rs ; a n d L ib e rty to pl ay fo r
Ni n e H u n dr e d Mil e s i n l e n gt h a n d a b o v e tw o ,

H u n dr e d i n br e adt h dfia al fo h at h b e en v e ry .

fu b je ét to t h e fe D e fo lati o n s by E art h q u ak e s ;
a n d m an y P a rts i n E ur o e a s G r eece Ita l d
p y a n , , ,

o t h e rs Th e Tr u t h is o u r C iti e s ar e b u ilt u p o n
.
,

R u i n s an d o u r Fi elds an d C o u n tri e s fl an d u p o n
,

br o k e n Arc h es an d Vau lts an d fo d o es th e gr e a ,

t eft Part of th e o u t w ard Fr am e o f th e E art h an d

’
,

t her efo r e it is no Wo n d er i f it b e o ft en lh ak en
t h e r e b e i n g (Etan ti ti es o f Ex h al ati o n s W 1 th i n
t h e fe Mi n e s o r c av er n o u s Pa lfa e s t h at ar e c a
g
d
, ,

b l o f R a re faéi i o n an d I n fl am m ati o n ; an d u p
p a e ,

on fu c h O cca fio ns r eq u iri n g m o r e R o o m t h ey
_ , ,

{h a k e o r br e a k t h e G r ou n d t h at c o v ers t h em .

A n d t h u s m u c h c o n c e r n i n g E art h q u ak e s .

A fe c o n d O b fe r vati o n t h at a rg u es th e Ho l
l o wn e fs o f th e E art h is th e C o m m u n ic ati o n ,

o f t h e S e a s an d L ak es u n d e r G r o u n d Th e Caf .

a n a n d Medi ter r a nea n S e as a n d fe v er a l L ak e s

,

p i , ,

r e c e iv e i n t o t h e m gr e at R iv ers an d y e t h av e 11 0 ,

V i fi b l e O u t l e t Th e fe m u fl h av e fub ter r an eo u s
-
:

O u t l e ts by w h i c h t h e y e m pty th em fe lv es o
-

, ,

th e r w i fe t h e y w o u ld r ed o u n d a nd o v erfl o w th e
’

Bri m s o f t h eir Veli c l Th e Medi ter r a nea n is .

 Th Th e eory o
f th e EAR r H .

th e Wat er i n t o th e Medi ter r a nea n

der , an d u n

it at a c ert a i n D ept h a C o u n te n C ur r en t w h ic h ,

bro u g h t th e \Vat e r b ack i n t o th e O c e an Bu t t h is .

h at h n e it h e r Pr o o f n o r F o u n d ati o n fo r u n l e fs
it w as i n cl u d e d i n Pip e s as o u r Bl o o d is o r c o n
, ,

f ll e d o f L i q u o r s v e ry di ffe r e n t th e fe cr o fs C u r
i ,

r e n ts w o u ld m i n gl e a n d d e li r o y o n e a n o t h e r
'

O t h e rs ar e o f O pi n i o n t h at a ll th e W at e r t h at
,

fl o w s i n t o th e Medi ter r a nean o r a (Lu an ti ty ,

e q u al t o it is c o n fu m e d i n Ex h al ati o n s e v e ry
,

D ay Th is fe e m s t o b e a b o ld e r S u pp o fiti o n t h an
th e o t h er fo r i f fo m u c h b e c o n fu m e d i n V a
,

p o u rs an d Ex h al ati o n s e v e ry D ay as fl o w s i l l t O ‘
‘

t h is S e a w h at i f th i s Sea h ad a n O u t l et an d di f
,
-

c h ar g d by t h at e v e ry D ay a s m u c h as it r e c e i v d
’ ’

, ,

In a fe w D ays t h e V ap o u rs w o u l d h av e c o n
f um e d al l th e r e fl ; an d ye t w e fe e m a n y L ak e s
t h at h av e as fr e e an O u t l et as an In let a n d ar e
- -

n o t c o n fu m d o r fe n fib ly di m i n i lh d by t h e V a
’ ’

p o u rs Befides th i s R e a fo n is a S u m m e r R e a fo n
.
, ,

a n d w o u ld afs v e ry ill i n W i n t e r w h e n t h e H ea t
p ,

o f t h e S u n is m u c h l e fs p o w e r fu l At l e ah t h e r e
'

w o u ld b e a v e ry fe n l b le Di ffe r e n c e b e t w ixt th e
i

H e ig h t o f th e W at e rs i n S u m m e r a n d VV 1 n t e r ‘
,

i f (0 m uc h w as c o n f um d e v e ry D ay as t h is Ex
’

plic ati o n fu ppo fe th An d th e Tr u t h is t h is

.
,

W an t o f a v i li b l e O u t l e t is n o t a Pr o perty b e
-

l o n gi n g o n ly t o t h e Afedi ter r a nea n S e a a s w e ,

n o t e d b e fo r e b u t is a l fo i n o t h e r S e a s a n d gr e a t
,

L ak e s fo m e lyi n g i n o n e C li m ate a n d fo m e i n
,

a n o th e r w h e r e t h e r e is n o R e a fo n to fu p o fe
, p
fa c h e x c e ffiv e E x h alat1 o n s a n d th o a s tr u e
’ ’

fo m e R iv ers i n fl fl i ck an d i n O t h er P arts o f t h e
,

E art h ,
Th Welug e a nd L if olu ti on f th eE a r th
' '

e o . 1 67

E art h ar e t h u s e x h al d a n d dry d u p w it h o u t
,
’ ’

e v e r fl o wi n g i n t o t h e Se a ( as w e r e a l l th e R i

v e rs i n th e fir lt E art h ) ye t t h i s is w h e r e th e S a n ds
’

a n d ar ch d G r o u n d fu ck u a gr e at p art o f t h e m
’

p p
t h e h e a t o f th e C li m at e b e i n g e x c e fl i v e ly h t o n g ,

a n d t h e C h an n e l o f th e R iv e r gr o w i n g {h al l o w
'

e r by d e gr e e s a n d it m ay b e divid e d i n t o l e fl er
, ,

Br an c h e s an d R iv ul e ts w h ic h ar e C au fe s t h at
t ak e n o Pl ac e h er e An d t h e r e fo r e w e m u fl r e
.

t u r n to o u r h i lt ’
u n i v e r fa l fo r ,

a ll S e a fo n s o f th e Y e ar a n d a ll C li m at e s 5 an d
‘
-
~

fe e i n g w e ar e alfu r d t h at t h er e ar e fu b te i r a ri c o u s
’

C h an n e ls an d Paffag e s fo r R iv e rs o ft e n fall i h
'

t o th e G r o u n d a n d fo m et i m e s ri fe ag ai n a n d
‘

, ,

fo m e ti m es n e v e r r e tu r n ; w h y lh o u ld w e d o u b t
'

"
t o a fcr i b e t h is Effeét tofo o b v i o u s a C a fife N ay
' '

I b e li e v e th e v er yO c e an d o t h ev a c u at e i t fe lf
,

by fu b ter ran eo u s O u t l e ts ; fo r co n fide r i ng w h at

'

a pr o digi o u s Ma fs o f W at er fa lls i n t o it e v e ry
\

D ay fr o m th e w i de Mo u t h s o f a l l t h e R iv e rs o f -

t h e E art h ,it m u lt h av e O u t l ets pr o por ti o n a -

b le an d th o fe Sy r tes o r gr eat Wh ir lp o o ls t h at ,

a r e c o n fi an t i n c e rt ai n P arts o r Si n u s s o f th e S e a
’

a s u p o n th e G o ah o f N or w a a n d o f Ita l a ri fe
y y ,

p r o b ably fr o m fu b ter r an eo u s O u t l ets i n th o fe -

Pl ac e s w h e r e by th e Wat e r l n ks a n d t u r n s an d
,
i , ,

dr aw s i n t o i t w h atfo e v e r c o m e s w it h i n f uc h a
C o m p a fs ; an d i f t h e r e w as n o Iff ue at th e Bo t
to m t h o it m ig h t by c o n tr ary C urr e n ts t u r n
'
’

Th i n gs r o u n d w it h i n its Sp h e r e y e t t h e r e is ,

n o R ea fo n fr o m t h at w h it lh l d f ck t h m
y o u ,
u e

d o w n to th e B o tt o m N e i th e r d o e s 1 t feem i m
.

p r o b ab le t h at th e C u rr e n ts o f th e Se a ar e fr o rn
, .

M4
1 68 Th e Th e y f E
or A Ro T
th e
H .

t h e fe In dr au g h ts a n d t h at t h e r e is a l w ays a fu b
-

m ari n e In l e t i n fo m e p art o f t h e m t o m ak e a
-
,

C irc u l ati o n o f th e W at e rs Bu t t h u s m u c h fo r
,

th e fu b te r r an eo u s C o m m u n ic ati o n o f S e as
an d L a k e s .

A N 1) t h u s m u c h i n g e n e r a l c o n c er n i n g fu b
t e rr an e o u s C a v i t1 e s a n d c o n c e r n i n g the h o l
,

l o w a n d br o k en Fr am e o f t h e E art h If I h a d .

n o w Mag i c k e n o u g h to {h e w y o u at o n e Vi e w

a l l t h e Infide o f t h e Ea rt h w h ic h w e h av e i m
,

r feci l y de fc r i b d i f e c o u ld g o u n d e r t h e
’

p e w
R o o ts o f th e Mo u n t a i n s a n d i n t o th e Sid es o f
.

t h e br o k e n R o cks 5 o r c o u ld div e i n t o th e E ar th
'

w it h o n e o f t h o fe R w e r s t h at li n k u n de r Gr o u n d ,

a n d fo ll o w its C o u r fe an d all its W i n d i n gs til l

it ri fe ag ai n o r l e d u s to th e S e a w e {h o u ld h av e
, ,

a m u c h fl r o n g e r a n d m o r e e ffc c i u al Idea o f t h e
br o k en F o r m o f t h e E art h t h an a n y w e ca n
.
,

e xcit e by th e fe fai n t D e fc r i ti o n s c o ll e Ete d fr o m

p
R e afo n Th e A n ci en ts I r e m e m b e r u s d to r e
’

r e fen t t h e fe h o ll o w C av e s a n d fu b te r r an e o us
p
R e gi o n s i n th e N at u r e o f a Wor ld u n d e r G r o u n d ,

a n d fu p p o s d it i n h a bit e d by t h e N m h s ef e
’

y p p ,

c i ally t h e Ny mp h s o f th e Wat e rs a n d t h e S e a
.

G o ddeffes ; fo Orp h eu s fu n g o f o ld a n d i n Im i
r ati o n o f h i m Vi rg i l h a t h m a d e a D e fc r i p ti o n

o f th o fe R e gi o n s ; fe ig n i n g t h e N ym p h C r ene
y
to fen d fo r h e r S o n t o c o m e d o w n to h e r a n d ,

m ak e h e r a V t 1 11 th o fe S h ad e s w h er e Mo rt als
w er e n o t adn1 1 tte d .

wu c ga d uo a d n os , fa s i lli li mi na fDi v u m
e,

T a n er e, a i t : Si mul a lta u het d ceder e la te

g j i/
 {7 0 Th e Th eory of E A R T H:
th e

m an y H o le s an d C o r n e rs fo m e fill d w it h S m o ak
’

a n d Fir e fo m e w it h Wat e r a n d fo m e w it h V a
, ,

o u rs a n d m o u ldy A i r ; h o w lik e a R u i n it li e s
p
api n g an d t o r n i n t h e P arts o f it 5 W e lh o u ld
g
n o t e a li l
y b e li e v e t h a t G o d cr e at e d it i n t o t h is

F o r m i m me di at e ly o u t o f n o t h i n g It w o u ld h av e
c o fl n o m o r e to h av e m ad e T h i n gs i n b ett e r O r
d er ; n ay it h ad b e e n m o r e e a fy an d m o r e fim p le
,

An d a cc o rdi n gly w e ar e a ffu r e d t h at all Th i n gs

w e r e m ad e at fir l t i n B e au ty a n d Pr o p o rti on
’
.

A n d i f w e co n fide r N at u r e a n d th e Man n e r o f
'

t h e firlt F o r m at i o n o f t h e E art h tis evid en t

’

t h at t h e r e c o u ld b e n o f uc h H o l e s a n d C av e r n s ,

n o r br o k e n Pi e c e s m ad e t h en i n t h e B o dy o f it
,

fo r t h e g r o lfe r P arts o f th e C h ao s falli n g d o w n

t o w ards th e C en t e r t h e y w o u ld t h e r e co m po fe
,

a Mafs o f E art h u n i fo r m an d c o m p ati t h e Wa ,

t er fw i m m i n g a b o v e it ; an d t h is fir ft Ma fs n u
d e r th e Wat e r c o u l d h av e n o C av e r n s o r V a c u i
ti e s i n it ; fo r i f it h ad an y th e e art h y P arts
, ,

w h il e th e Ma fs w as liq u id o r fem i liq u id w o u ld

.
-
,

h av e fu n k i n t o t h e m a n d fill d t h e m u p e xp e l
’

l i n g th e A i r o r Wa t er t h at w as t h e r e an d w h e n
a ft e r w ards t h e r e c am e to b e a C r u ft o r n e w E art h

fo r m d u p o n t h e F ac e o f th e W at e rs t h er e c o u ld
’

b e n o C aviti e s n o D en s n o Fr ag m e n ts i n it n o
, , ,

m o r e t h an i n th e o t h e r ; a n d fo r th e fa m e g en e
r a l R eafo n th a t i s a fli n g fr o m a liq u id F o r m
, p ,

i n t o a c o n cr e t e o r fo li d l ei fu r ely an d by d egr e e s
, ,

it w o u ld fl o w a n d fe ttl e t o g et h er i n an en tir e
Ma fs ; t h er e b ei n g n o t h i n g br o k en n o r an y ,

Th i n g h ard to b ear th e P arts o ff fro m o n e an

,

o t h e r o r t o i n t e rc ept an e m pty Sp a c es b e
, y
t we en t h em . T1 s ’
 Th e L elu e a n
g
'

d fl zfl b lution of th e E ar th . 1 71

T1 s m ani felt t h en t h at tlfe E ar th c o u ld n o r

‘ ‘
’

,
l
b e i n t h is c av e r n o u s F o r m origi n ally by ,

Wo rk o f N at u r e n o r by an y i mmedi at e Aéi lo n
,
'

o f G o d fe e i n g t h e r e 1 3 n e it h e
,
r U fe n o r B eaut y
i n t h is ki n d o f C o n fl r u éi i o n Do We n o t t h en .
,

a s r ea fo n ab ly, as a ptl y a fc r i b e 1 t to t h at D e fo
,

l ati o n t h at w as br o u g h t u p o n th e E a r t h 1 n th e
g e n er a l D e l ug e w h en 1 ts o ut ward Fr am e w as
c ,

d i ffo lv d an d fel l i n to th e gr eat A b y fs ? Ho w

’

e afily d o t h t h is ah fw er all t h at w e h a v e o b fer v d

’

c o n c e rn i n g t h e fu b ter r an eo u s R egi o n s ? That

h o ll o w a n d br o k e n Po fl u r e o f Th i n gs u nd e r
G r o u n d a ll th o fe C av e s and H o l e s an d bli n d
, ,

R e ceffes t h at a r e o rh e r w ife fo u h acc o u n t ab le ;

'

fay b u t t h at t h e y ar e a R ui n a nd yo u h av e i n ,

o n e Wo r d e x p l ai n d t h em a ll F or t h e r e is n o
’

fo rt o f C aviti es i n t e ri o r o r e xt e ri o r gr e at o r
, ,

l itt le o p e n o r lh u t w et o r dry o f wh at F o rm
‘

, , ,

o r F afh i o n fo e v e r b u t w e m ig h t r e a fo n a b ly e x
‘

e ét t h em m a R u i n o f t h at N at u r e A n d as fo r
p .

t h e fu b t e 1 r an e o u s W at e rs fe e i n g th e E art h fe l l ,

i nt o t h e Ab yfs th e Pill ars an d F o u n d ati o n s o f

,

r e fe n t (e xt e ri o r E art h m u fl fl an d i m m e r s d
’

th e
p )
i n Wa t er a n d th er e fo r e a t f uc h a D e pth fr o m
'

t h e S u r fa c e e v e ry w h e r e t h e r e m u h b e Wate r
.

.
, .

fo u n d i f t h e S o il b e o f a N ar n 1 e t o a d m it it
, .

’
Ti s tr u e all fu b ter r an e o u s Wat e r s do n o t pr o
,

c e e d fr o m t h is O rigi n al fo r m an y o f t h em ar e ,

t h e E ffe éi s o f R a i n s a n d m e lt e d S n o w s fu n k i 11
t o th e E art h b u t t h at m diggi n g a n y w h e r e yo u
,
t)
c o n fl a n tly c o m e to W a t e r at l e n g th e v e n i n th e ,

m o h fo li d G r o u n d t h is c a n n o t pr o c e e d fr o m
,

t h e fe R ai n s o r S n ows b u t m u fl c o m e fr o m b e
'

4 .
lo w
 1 72 Th e Theory of th e E A R THJ
l o w , a n d fr o m a Gaufe as g e n e r al as th e Effe ét
i s ; w h ic h c an b e n o o t h e r i n m y J u dg m e n t
t h an t h is , t h at th e R 0 0 ts o f th e ext e ri o r E art h
fi an d w it h i n th e o ld A b yfs , w h e r e o f, as a gr eat
P art l i e s o p e n i n th e S e a, (0 th e r efl l i e s h i d a n d
c o v er d a m o n g t h e Fr ag m en ts o f th e Eart h ;
’

fo m eti m e s di fp e r s d an d o n ly m o i ftn i n g th e
’
’

Parts , a s o u r Bl o o d l i es i n th e El eib , a n d i n
.

t h e H abit o f th e B o dy ; fo m e ti mes i n gr eat e r

o r l efl e r Maffes , as th e B lo o d i n o ur V e fl c ls
'

An d th i s I t ak e t o b e th e tr u e Acc o u n t o f fu b
‘

t e rr an e o u s W at e rs , as di fl i n g u i lh d fr o m F o u n
’

t a i n s an d R iv e rs , an d fr o m th e Matt e r an d

C au fes o f t h e m .

THU 3 m u c h w e h av e fp o k e to giv e a g e n e
r al Idea o f th e i n w ard P a rts o f th e E art h , a n d

a n e a fy E x plic ati o n o f t h e m by o u r f lypoth gfis

w h ic h w h e t h e r it b e tr u e o r n o , i f yo u c o m p ar e
i t i m p arti ally w it h N at u r e, y o u w il l co n fe fs at
l e afl , t h at all th efe Th i n gs ar e m
i i n fu ch a
F o r m an d Po fi ur e as i f it w as tr u e .

C H A P . X .

Concer ni ng th e Ch a nnel of th e Sea , and th e Or i

g i f
na l o i t ; Th e Cau es o i ts i r r e u la r F or m a nd
fi f g
u ne u a l {D e
q p t h s A s a l o o th e Or i i na l o
f f g f
J /la n ds , th ei r Si tu a ti on a nd oth er Tr op er ti es .

h av e h it h e rt o giv e n an Acc o u n t o f th e
fu b ter r an e o u s R e gi o n s, an d o f t h eir g e
n eral F o r m W e n o w c o m e ab o v e G ro u n d to
v i e w t h e S u r fac e o f th e G l o b e , w h ic h w e fin d

T er r a u eou s , o r di vid ed i n t o S e a and L a n d :

q
Th efe
 1 74 The Th ory f e o the EAR TH
th e firli Mo d e l t h at dr aw n i n Me afu r e an d
w as
P ro p o rti o n by th e L in e
a n d by t h e Pl u m m e t ,

b u t a fe c o n dar y W o rk a n d th e b elt t h at c o u ld
'

b e m ad e o f br o k en Mat eri als An d u p o n t h is .

S u p p o fiti o n tis e afy to i m agi n e h o w u p o n th e

’

D i lfo lu ti o n o f th e Pr i m ze v a l E a rt h th e C h an n e l
‘

o f th e S e a w as mad e o r t h at h u g e C avity t h a t
,

l i e s b e t w e e n t h e fe v e r al C o n ti n cn ts o f th e E art h ;
’

w h ic h {h all b e m o r e p ar ti c u l ar l y e x p lai n d a f
'
’

t e r w e h a v e v i e w d a l ittl e b e tt e r t h e F o r m o f
’

i t an d th e Ifl an ds t h at l i e fc at ter d by its S h o r e s
‘ ’

, .

TH E R E is no C avity i n th e E art h w h e t h e r ,

o p e n o r fu b te r r a n eo u s t h at is c o m p ar ably fo
,

gr e at as t h at o f th e O c ean n o r w o u ld a n y ap ,

p e ar o f t h at D efo r m ity i f w e c o u ld fe e it e m p
ty T
. h e I n fi d e o f a C a v e is r o u g h a n d u n li g h t
l y ; th e B eds o f gr e at R iv e rs a n d gr e at L ak e s ,

w h e n t h e y ar e l aid dry l o o k v e ry r aw an d r u d e
, ,

t h e V all e ys o f th e E art h i f t h e y w e r e n ak e d , ,

w it h o u t Tr e e s an d w it h o u t G r afs n o t h i n g b u t ,

b ar e Gro u n d a n d b ar e St o n es fr o m th e t o ps o f ,

t h eir Mo u n t ai n s w o u ld h av e a g h altly Afp eét ;

,
’ ‘

b u t th e S ea C h an n e l is th e C o m p le x o f a ll
-

t h e fe ; h er e C av e s e m pty L ak es n a k e d V a l
, ,

l eys a r e r epr e fe n te d as i n t h e ir O rigi nal o r t a ,

t h e r far e xc ee d e d an d o u t d o n e as to all t h e ir -

Irr e g u l ariti es ; for t h e C avity o f th e O c e an i s

u n i v e r fa ll y irr e g u l ar b o t h as t o t h e S h o r e s a n d
,

B o rd ers o f i t ; as to th e u n c ert a i n Br eadt h a n d

t h e u n c e rt ai n D e pt h o f its fe v e r al P arts a n d a s ,

t o its G r o u n d an d B o tt o m an d th e w h o l e Mo u ld :

If t h e S e a h a d b e e n dr a wn r o u n d th e E art h i n
r eg u l ar Fig u r es and B or d ers it m ig h t h av e b ee n ,

r e at
a
g
Th e D elug e
r
a nd fDéfib luti on of the E a r th . I7 5

a gr e at B e au ty t o o u r Glo b e an d w e lh o u ld ,

r ea fo n ab ly h av e co n cl u de d it a Wo rk o f th e

fir fi C r e ati o n o r o f N at u r e s fir ft Pr o du é ti o n ;
’ ’ ’
,

b u t fin di n g o n t h e c o n tr a ry all th e Marks o f
D i fo r der an d D i fpr o p o r ti o n i n it w e m ay as ,

r e afo n ab ly c o n cl u d e t h at it did n o t b elo n g to

,

t h e fir fi O rd e r o f T h i n gs b u t w as fo m e th i ng
'

, .

fu c c e dan e o u s w h en t h e D eg en e r a cy o f Man
,

k i n d an d th e J u dg m e n ts o f G o d h ad defir o y e d
,

t h e fir fi Wo rld a n d fu b je ét e d th e C r e at i o n to
\
‘

fo m e ki n d o f V an ity .

N o R c an it e afily b e i m ag i n d i f th e Sea h ad
’

b e e n a l w ays an d th e E art h i n t h is T
,

er m u e
,
q ,

ou r F o r m bro k e i n t o C o n ti n e n ts an d Ifl an ds
, ,

h o w Ma n ki n d c o u ld h av e b e en pr o p ag at e d at
fir lt t h r o th e Fa c e of th e E art h a ll fr o m o n e
’ ’

H e ad an d fro m o n e Pl a c e F o r N avig ati o n w as .

n o t t h e n k n o w n at l e a fi as to th e G r an d O c ean
, ,

o r to a fs fr o m C o n ti n e n t to C o n ti n e n t ; d
p a n

N / s A as t h e fir ft S h ip o r V e fl el
'

I k
’

b e li e v e o d 9 r w ,

of B u lk t h at e v e r w as b u ilt i n t h e Wo rld h o w
,

c o u ld t h e n th e Po fier i ty o f A da m o ve rfl o w th e
E arth an d fl o ck th e fev er al P arts o f th e Wo rld
, ,

i f t h ey h ad b e en di fl an t o r fep ar ate t h en as ,

t h ey a re n o w by th e Inter p o fal o f th e gr e at
,

O c e an ? But t h is C o n fider ar i o n w e w ill i n fift

u p o n m o r e l arg e ly i n a n o t h e r Pl ac e ; l e t u s re

fl eCt u p o n th e Irr e g u l ariti es o f th e S e a C h an n e l -

a g a i n a n d th e fi i b l e C a u fe s o f it
, p o .

I F w e c o u ld i m agi n e t h e C h a n n e l o f t h e
S ea t o h av e b e en m ad e as w e m ay i m agi n e th e
C h an n e l o f R iv e rs to h av e b e en by l o n g an d ,

i n fen li b l e Att r iti on th e Wat e r w eari n g by

,

d eg r ee s
'

1 76 W T
/ my f
ye E oe H . o tly e
“
AR r

d egr ee s th e G r ou n d u n d er it by th e F o rc e i t ,

h a t h fr o m its D efc e n t an d C o u r fe w e {h o u ld ,

n o t w o n d e r at its irr e g u l ar F o r m b u t tis n o t

’

o ffib l e th i s C h a n n e l fh o u ld h av e h ad an y fu c h
‘

p
O rigi n al w h en ce {h o u l d its W at e r h av e defc e n
(k i d
, fr o m w h at Mo u n t ai n s o r fr o m w h at ,

C l o u ds ? Wh e r e is th e Spri n g h e a d o f t h e S e a ? -

Wh at F o rc e c o u ld e at aw ay h alf th e S u r fac e
o f t h e E art h a n d w e ar it h o l l o w to a n i m
'

m ea fu r ab le D ept h ? Th is m u ll n o r b e fr o m fee
b l e a n d l i n gti n g C au fes fu c h as t h e Attriti o n,

o f Wat e rs b u t fr o m fo m e gr e at Vi o l e n c e o ffer d
’ ’

t o N a t u r e fu c h as w e fu p p o fe to h av e b een i n
,

t h e g e n e r al D e lu g e w h e n t h e Fr am e o f th eE art h
,

w as br o k en An d aft e r w e h av e a littl e fu r v e y d
’

t h e S e a C o afi an d fo fa r as w e c an t h e F o r m
-
, , ,

o f th e S e a C h an n el w e {h a ll th e m o r e e afi ly
‘

-
,

b el i ev e t h at t h e y c o u ld h av e no o t h e r O rigi i -

n al t h an w h at w e a fii g n .

TH E S h o r e s an d C o afis o f th e S e a ar e n o
w ay e q u al o r u n i fo r m b u t g o i n a L i n e u n c e r
,

tai n ly cr o o k e d a n d br o k e ; i n d e n t e d a n d ; ag g d
’

as a t h i n g t o r n as y o u m ay fe e i n t h e Maps o f
,

t h e C o afis an d th e S e a c h arts a n d ye t t h e r e ar e
-

i n n u m er ab le m o r e I n eq u aliti e s t h an ar e t ak e n
N o ric e o f i n th o fe D r aug h ts ; fo r t h e y o n ly m ark
th e gr e at e r Pr o m o n t o ri es a n d B ays ; b u t t he r e
a r e b efide s th o fe a Mu ltit u d e o f C r e e k s an d O u t
‘

l e ts N e cks o f L a n d an d A n gl es w h ic h br e ak
, ,

t h e E v e n n e fs o f t h e Sh o r e i n al l m an n e r o f

Ways Th en th e Hei g h t an d L ev e l o f th e
.

S h o r e is as u n c e rt a i n as th e L i n e o f it tt is ,
’

fo m e ti m es h ig h and fo m e ti mes lo w fo m et i m e s
4
 T
ba Tb ewy af t/ ac E AR TH .

or Ifl an ds , l i e i n th e m idd le o f t h em, or v ery

far fr o m th e S h o r e s .

HAV I N G v i e w d th e m o r e v i fib le P arts o f th e
’

C h an n e l o f t h e S e a, w e m u fi n o w de fc en d to
t h e B o tt o m o f it , an d fe e t h e F o r m a n d C o n
t r i v an ce o f t h at ; b u t wh o {h all g u id e us i n o u r

J o u rn ey , w h i le w e w alk , as 706 fait h , Chap .

x xxviii 1 6 i n th e fear en o f th e D ee p ? O r
'
. .

w h o c an m ak e a D efcr i p ti o n o f t h at w h ic h
n o n e h at h fe en ? It is r e afo n ab l e to b el i e v e , t h at

t h e B o tt o m o f th e S e a is m u c h m o r e r u gg e d ;
bro k en an d irr e gu lar t h an th e F ac e o f th e L an d ;
Th er e a r e Mo u n t ai n s, an d V all eys , an d Ro ck s ,
a n d R idg e s o f R o cks , a n d all th e c o m m o n In
e qu aliti e s w e fe e u p o n L a n d 5 b efide th efe, tis
’

v ery lik e ly th e re ar e C av e s u n d e r Wat er, an d

h o l l o w Paffag es i n t o th e B o w el s o f th e E art h ,
by wh ich th e S e as circu lat e an d c o m m u n ic at e
o n e w it h an o t h e r , an d w it h fu b te r r an eo us W a
t e rs ; th o fe gr eat E ddi e: an d i n fam o u s Sj r te:
an d \V h i r p o o ls t h at ar e i n fo m e S eas , as th e

B a lti ek an d th e Medi ter r a nean, t h at fu ck i n t o

t h e m an d o v er w h e l m wh at ev e r c o m e s w it h i n
t h e ir r e ach , ib e w t h at t h er e is fo m eth i ng b e
l o w t h at fu cks fr o m t h e m i n Pr o p o rt i on , an d
.

t h at dri n ks u p th e S ea, as th e S ea dri n ks u p th e

R iv e rs W e o u g h t al fo to i m ag i n e th e S h o r e s
'

w it h i n th e Wat e r to go i n cli n d an d flo pi n g , b u t

’

w ith gr e at I n eq u ality ; t h e r e ar e m an y Sh el v e s i n
th e way, a n d C h am b e rs , a n d {h arp An gl e s ; an d
m an y br o k en R o cks an d gr e at St o n es l i e r o l
J e d d o w n to th e B o tt o m
’

T1 8 tr u e th efe t h i n gs affeCr us litt le, b ecau fe

“
I t h ey
 The fi elag e and s ala rzon o f tb e E a r th 59
' ' '

‘
. 1

y ar e n o t eX po s d to ou r S en fes 5 an d w e fe l
th e
’

do m giv e o u r fe l v es th e tr o ub l e to co ll eet fr o m
’

R eafo n w h at th e F o r m o f th e i n vi li b le an d i h
a cc e fii b le P ar ts o f th e E art h is 5o r i f w e do fo me
'

t i m es th o fe Idea s ar e fai n t an d w e ak an d f
’
’

, ,

m ak e n o l afii n g Im pr e ffio n u pOn o u r I m agi n a

’

ti o n an d Pafl i o n s ; b u t i f w e {h o u l d fu ppo fe th e
O c ean dry an d t h at w e lo o k d d o w n fro m t h e
’ '

To p o f fo m e h ig h C l ou d u p o n th e e mpty S h e l l ,

h o w h o rridly an d b ar b ar o u fl y w o u ld it l o o k
An d w it h w h at Am az e m e n t {h o u ld w e fee i t
u n d e r u s lik e a n o p en H e ll or a w id e b o tt o m ,

l e fs Pit ? S o d ee p an d h o ll o w an d v afi ; fo
, ,

br o k en a nd co n fu s d [ 0 e v e ry w ay de fo r m d
’

,
’

a n d m on firo u s f Th is Wo u ld e ffe ctu ally w a

k en o u r I m agi n ati o n an d m ak e u s e n q u ir e a n d
,

w o n d e r h o w(ri c h a th i n g c am e i n N atu r e fr o m ,

wh at C au fe s by w h at F o rc e or E n gi n e s c o u l d
,

th e E art h b e t o r n i n t h is pr o digi o u s m an
n er ? Did t h ey dig th e S e a w it h Sp ad e s an d
.
, .

c arry O ut th e Mo lds i n H an d b ask e t s ? Wh e r e

’

t a r e th e En tr ai ls l a id ? an d h o w did t h e y c leav
’ r

t h e R o cks a fun de r ? If a s man y Pi o n e e rs as th e

‘

Ar m y o f X er x es h ad b een at Wo r k e v e if fin ce
’

—
th e B egi nn i ng o f th e Wo rld t h e y c o u ld n ot ,

h av e m ad e a Ditc h o f t h ra Gre atne fs } Ne t i s i t

t h e Gr e atn e fs o n ly b u t t ha t w ild and m
, u lt i

f ar i o u s C o n fu f o n w h i é h we fee i n t h e P arts and t

i
Palh i o n o f it t h at m ak e s it fi r ahg e an d u n ac
,

c ou n t abl e 5 tis an o t h er C h aos i n its ki nd; wh o

’
-

Ca n p a i n t th e Sc en e s o f i t G u lp h s an d P e c i i
r p ,

ce s an d C at ar a6t3 5 Pi ts w it h i n Pits a n d Ro cks

, ,

u n d e r Ro cks brok e n Mo unt ai ns an d rag g ed

'
'

,
J
N 2 Iflan ds ,
1 80 ~

Tl
ae

Ill a n ds , t h at loo k as i f t h ey h ad be e n C o u n t r i es
p u ll d up by th e R o o ts , an d p lan t ed 1 11 th e Se a
’

I F w e c o u ld m ak e tr u e an d fu l l Re pr e fe n ta ~

ti o n s o f th e fe t hi ngs to o u r felv es, I t h i n k w e

{h o u ld n o t b e fo b o ld as to m ak e t h e m t h e i m
m edi at e Pr o du ét o f D ivi n e O m n ip o t en c e ; b e
’

i n g defl i tu te o f all App ear an c e o f A r t o r C o u n

fe l Th e fir lt O rd e rs o f t h i n gs ar e m o r e p e r feél:
.
’

a n d r eg u l ar ; an d t h is D eeor a m fe e m s to b e o b
‘

Ie r y d , t h at N at u r e d o t h n o t fall i n t o D i fo r der
’

ti ll Man ki n d b e fir lt d eg en er at e a n d l eads th e
’

w ay Mo n fier s h av e b e e n o ft e n m ad e an Arg u
.

m e n t ag ai n fi Provid e n c e ; i f a C a l f h av e tw o
H e ads, o r fiv e L egs , fi raig h t t h er e m u ft n o t b e
’

a G o d i n H eav e n , o r at l e aft n o r u p on E art h ; a n d

’

y e t t h is is b u t a C h a n c e t h at h app e n s o n c e i n
m an y Y e ars , an d is o f n o co n fe q u enc e a t al l t o
t h e r efi o f th e W
o r l d : Bu t i f w e m ak e th e {l an d
‘

i n g Fr am e o f N at u r e m o n fir ous, o r d e for m d an d
’

T
di fp r 0 p0 1 t1 0 n d, an d to h av e b e en o n o t by C o r
’

r u pti o n a n d D e g e n era cy , b u t i m m e di at e l y by

d ivi n e C r eati o n o r F o r m ati o n , i t w o u l d n ot b e

w
fo e afy to an f er t h at O bj ecti o n ag ai n ft Pr o v i ’

d c e L et u s t h er e fo r e pre v en t t h is I m p u t ar i
en .
a

11 m an d fu f i n , a cc o rdi n g t o o u r T h eo ry
pp o
g ,

t h at th e fe Th i n Dgs w er e n o t o rigi n ally t h u s, let

us n o w e xp lai n m o r e di lti n Ctly h o w t h e y c am e
’

,
to th e D elu g e, o r u p o n th e D i ffo l uti o n
of E afth .

w
AN D e w i ll n ot c o n t en t o u r felves w it h a
g ee n ral A n fw e r t o th e fe O b fer v at i o n s c o n c e r n

i n g th e Sea C h an n e l, as i f it w as a fufii ci e n t
-

Acc ount of t h em to fay t h ey w er e th e EfieCt

'

o ?
 Tb Tb eo y f
e1 r o th e EAR r n
“
.

L 1: T fu ppo fe t h en 1 11 th e Di fio lu ti ofi o f
us
‘

t h e E art h , w h e n it b eg a n to fa ll , t h at it w as di
v i de d o n ly i n t o t h r ee o r fo u r Fr ag m e n ts , a cc o rd
i n g to th e N u m b e r o f o u r C o n ti n e n ts ; b u t th o fe
Fr ag m e n ts b e i ng v afily gr eat co u ld n o t de fcen d
p h
~

a t t h ei r fu ll Br e a dt h a n d E x a fio n , o r at l e sft

c o u ld n o t de fc e nd fo fai t i n th e Middl e, as to
’

w ards th e Extr e m iti es b e cau fe the A i r ab u t

9
th e Edg es w ou ld yi e ldan d giv eP l ac e eafily, h bq
h avi ng far to g o, t o g et o u t o f t h e Way ; b u t :
th e Ai r t h at w as un d e r th e Middl e o f th
men t c o u ld no t w it h o u t a v ery
e t fr o m u n d e r th e C o n c av e o f
g .

q u e n t l y its D e fc e n t t h e r e w o u l d
e d an d fu fp en de d ; b u t t h e Sid e s i n th e m e an
t i m e w o u ld c o n ti nua lly defcen d,
F r ag m en t w i th t h eir We ig h t , an d
m
.

o f a l e ffer C o a fs an d Ex p anfio n t h an 1 t w as
p
b e for e : An d by t h i s Mean s th er e ould b e an w
In t e rv al and D i fianc e m ad e b et ween th e t w o
fal li n g Fr ag men ts , an d a g o o d P art of th e A b yfs,
a ft e r t h e ir D e fce n t, w o u ld li e u n c o v er d i n t h e
’

Mi ddl e b et w ixt t hem as m ay b e fe en i n th e

a nn e x d F i g u r e, wh e r e the Fr agm e n ts A B
’

b e n di n g d o wn w ards i n t h ei r Ex tre m iti e s , fcp a

r at e as t h e y g o , an d afte r t h e y a1 e fai n , l eav e a
g oo d Sp ac e i n th e Ab yfs b e t w i xt t h em alt o
g e t h e r u n c o v er d : Th is Sp ac e 1 3 th e m ai n Chan
’

n e l of th e gr e at O cea n , l yi n g b et w i x t tw o C o n
t i n e n ts ; an d t h e i n c l i n i n g Sid es lh e w th e D e
eli v i ty o f th e S h o r es .

S
THI w e h av e r e pre fe n te d h er e o n ly i n a
Ri ng or C ircl e of th e E ar t h , i n th efir fi Fig u r e ;
b ut1
,
T HI S w e h av e r e pr e 1 e 1 1 1 e u q

or C irc l e of t h e E art h, i n th efirfi Fig u r e ;

 Th T1 60” of E AR r H th e
’

'
e 7 .

R o cks an d L u m ps o f E ar th w o u ld l i e i n all i m a
g i n a b l e D i fo r de r ; as y o u m a y c o n c e i v e f r om

t h e th i r d F i u r e F o r w h e n th e Mo ti o n c a m e
g .

o n a fa dd en to b e o b fir u éte d th e L o a d o f th e
’

Fr ag m en t {till p r e fl i n g 1 t fo rw ards fu ch a C o n ,
~

c u fii o n ar o fe ,
a s m a d e tho a u f n d s o f l e lf er Fr a g ;

m en ts o f al l S h ap e s a n d Mag n it u d es an d i n all
'

, ,

Po ltu r es a n d F o r m s an d m o lt o f t h e m i r r eg u
,
i

l ar A n d b th efe Fr acti o n s an d fe co n dary R u i n s

th e L i ne 0 ?th e S h o r e s w as br o k e n an d the L e
.

v e l o f t h em to o : In fo m e Pl ac e s t h e y Wo u ld
{l an d h ig h i n o t h e rs l o w fo m e ti m e s r o u g h a n d
, , ,

fo me ti m es e v e n a n d g en e r ally cr oo k e d w it h
, ,

A n g l e s a nd Ia l ets an d u n ce rt ai n W i n di n gs
’

-
, .

Th e B o tt o m a l fo by th e fam e S tro k e w as div e r

fify d i n t oa ll Man n e r o f F o r m s fo m e ti m es r oc
’

k y w it h Pits an d G u lp h s an d fo m e ti m e s fp re ad ,

i n p l ai n B e ds fo m e ti m es lh allo w a n d fo m eti m es
, ,

d e e p 5 fo r th o fe Di ff e r en c e s w o u ld d e p e n d o n
l y u p o n th e Sit u ati o n o f th e fe co n dar y Fr ag
m ents ; a n d fo it m ig h t c o m e to p afs t h at fo m e ,

Pl ac e s n ear th e S h o r e m ig h t b e exc e ffiv e d e e p

w h e n a R o ck o r R ocks fl oo d i n a fl e ep Po fiu r e ,

a ( ig
s F u r e b 6 6 a n
. d o.n t h
. e c o n tr a ry
, ,

fo m eti m es Pl ac es m u c h m o r e adv an c d i n t o t h e
’

O c ean m ig h t b e l e fs d e e p w h e r e a Fr ag m e n t ,

o f E art h l ay u nd e r W ate r o r o n e b o r e u an
, p
o t her ,a s c. c a. b u t t h
. e fe C a fe s w o u ld n o t b e

v e ry fr eq u e n t To co n cl ud e Th e r e ar e n o Pr o
.
,

p e rr i e s o f th e S ea c h an n el t h at I k n o w o f 11 0 1: , ,

Di ffer e n c es o r Irr eg u lariti es 1 n th e Fo rm o f 1 t

w hi c h t h is Ifip otb ef d o t h n ot gi v e a fa ir Ac
1
.

W
o

f A d ah i g t h s f d h
’

c un
o t o : n v n u a r p
o en t e a y ,
T W g 2M wéfi l i m f h E r tb §
'

7 elz
919e b u t o t e a 1 8

an d l aid d o w n th e g e n eral G r oun ds fo r t h e ir

Exp lic at i o n , o th e r t h i n gs t h at are o r e mi : m
n u t e , w
e l e av e t o t h e C u r 1 o f ty o f p ar t1 c u l ar

mi u s s ; b ei n g u n w illi ng to c lo g th e heo ry at
’

T
firfi w it h t h i n gs t h at m ay fe e m u nn ecelfar y W e
‘
.

r o c e e d n o w t o th e C o n fide r a ti o n b f Ifl an ds ,
p
W E m u tt i n th e firlt P l ac e dilti nog u i fh b e
’
’

tw e en Or ig i na l Ifl an ds an d F i fi z tzam Ifl ands
' '

Tho fe I c a il fi&i ti o u s, t h at ar e no t o f th e fam e

D at e an d An tiqu ity wit h th e Se a, b u t h av e b een
mad e fo m e at o n e ti m e, fo m e at ano t h e r, b y
accid en t al C au fes , as t h e Ag g efl i o n o f S an d s
a n d S an d b eds , o r th e S e a l e avi n g th e T o ps o f

fo m e lh allo w Pl ac es t ha t l i e h igh, an d y et fl o w
‘

i n g a bo u t th e l o vi e r Skirts o f t h em ; th e fe m ak e
fan dy and p lai n Ifl an ds , t h at h av e n o h ig h L an d
i n t h em , an d ar e b u t Mo ck Ifl an ds i n e ffeét;
O t h e rs ar e m ad e b y D i v u lfio n fr o m fo me C o n
t i n en t, w h e n a n Ifih m u s, o r th e N e ck o f a Pr o

m o n t o ry r u n n i n g i n t o th e S e a, li n ks o r fal ls i n ,
3
b y ah E art h q u ak e or o th er w i fe, an d th e S e a eh
‘

t ri n g i n at th e G ap paffe th t hr o u g h , an d m ak e s
t h at Pro m o n t o r y or C o u n try b e c o m e an Ifl an d;
Th u s th e Ifl an d Sip i l} is fu ppo s d to h av e b e en
’

m ade , an d all Afi za z m ig h t b e a n Ifl and, i f th e

’

Ifth m u s be t w e en th e Medi ter r a nean an d th e r e d

S ea {h o u ld fin k d o w n . A n d t h efe Ifl an ds may .

h aVe R o cks an d Mo un t ai n s 1 n t h em, if the L an d

h ad fo b efo r e L ail ly , Th er e ar e l fl an ds t h at h av e
'

m
be en faid to ri fe fr o th e B o t to m of th e Se a ;
B i ll o ry m en ti o n s fu c h i n b o t h th e Ar cb gpe/ag o s :
’

(fi g zemz an d Indi a n , an d t h is fe e m s to arg u e

t h at th ereare g r eat Fr a men t s or

g r T
aéi s o f E art h
 Tlae jl ewy of th e E A R T H
s

" '

1 86 a .

tha t li e l oo fe at th e B o tt o m o f th e S ea o r th at ,

ar e n o r i n c o rp o r at e d w it h th e Gr o u n d 5 wh i ch

a gr e e s v e ry w e ll w it h o u r Exp lic ati o n o f th e

S ea C h ann el
-
.

BU T b e fide th e fe Ma u i an d th e fe v e r al S o rt s

o f t h em t h er e ar e J r c all Or ig i na l ;
'
I
,

b ecau fe t h e y c o u l d o 3 t c du c d i n a n y o f
’

n t 1 .
f -

t h e fo r e m e n tio n e d W y 3 o u t ar e o f t h e fam e
a ,

O rigi n a n d An t iq u it y w it h th e C h a n n e l o f th e
S e a ; a n d fu ch ar e t h e G e n e r a li ty 0 1 o u r Ifl an ds 5
t h e y w er e n o r m ad e o f Heaps 0 S an ds n o r t o r n 1 ,

fr om an y C o n ti n en t b u t a r e a s an ci en t as th e
,

C o n ti ne n ts th em felv e s nam e ly e v e r fin ce th e, ,

D e lu g e th e c o m m o n P ar en t o f t h e m b o th
, .

No r is t h e r e a ny Di ffic u lty to u n de r i ta n d h o w ’

Ifl an ds w er e m ad e at th e D 1 fio l u ti o n o f th e ,

E art h an y m o r e t h an h o w C o n ti n en ts we r e
,

m ad e ; fo r Ifl an ds ar e b u t l e H e r C o n ti n en ts o r ,

C o n ti n e n ts gr e at er Ifl an ds ; a n d a cc o rdi n g as
C o n ti n e n ts w e r e m ad e o f gr eat e r Malfes o f
E a rt h o r gr e at e r Fr ag m en ts fian di n g a b o v e th e
,

Wat e r (0 l fl an ds w er e m ad e o f l e fs b u t (0 big
, ,

al w ays a n d i n fu c h a Po fiur e as to b ear t h e i r

, ,

To ps ab o v e th e Wat er Y et th o t h e y agr ee t h u s
.
’
’

fa r t h e r e is a p ar ti c u lar D i fier e n c e to b e t ak en
’

n o ri ee o f as to t h e ir O ri g i n 5 fo r th e C on ti n e n ts
,

w e r e m a d e o f th o fe t h r e e o r fo u r pri m ary Mafl es

'

i n t o w h ic h th e falli n g O r b o f th e E art h w as di
v i ded b u t th e Ifl an ds w e r e m ad e o f th e Fr ac
,

t u r e s o f th e fe an d br o k en o ff by th e F all fr o m
, ,

th e Skirts a n d Extr e m iti e s o f th e C o n ti n en ts

W e n o t e d b efo r e t h at w h en th o fe gr eat Mall
,

f d i m r Fr m ts c m t d a lh p
g
e s n n o u n
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71 3 1
The n ew} of the EA R T H:
Mo un t ai ns Roek s , fa me
;

t h er e fh ou ld s be an d

t i me s i n in l o n g C h ai n s , i n
a ll Ifl an ds ; (as w e h h d t h e r e ar e i n a ll t h at ar e

t r ue an d o rigi n al ) fo r tis t h at m ak e s t h e m h igh

’

e n o u g h t o app e a r a b o v e th e Wat e r , and fi

n
e n ou g h to c o n ti n u e an d pr efer v e th emfelv es i tf ‘

th at h ig h Sit u ati on
’
.

AND t h u s mu c h may (u fli ee fo r a fu m m ar y
Ex plieati on of t h e C au fes o f th e S ea C h ann el
an d Ifl an ds, acco rd i ng to o u r ffjp othtfis .

C H A P . XI .

Com er izmg the Mhatm a a: o f th e Ea r th , th ei r

Gr ea tnefs a hd i r r eg u lar F ar m, th ei r Si tua
ti on, Ca afé r , a nd Or 1g 1 n .

E h av e b een i nthe H o llo ws o f th e E art h

'
,

an d th e C h amb er s o f t h e D e e p am o ng fi ,

th e D am ps an d St eams o f th o fe l o w e r R e gi o n s 5

l et u s n o w g o a ir o u r felv es o n th e To ps o f
’

t h e Mo u n t ai n s w h e r e w e {h all h av e a m o r e fr e e
,

a n d l arg e H
tD
on z on a n d q u it e a n o t h e r F ac e o f
,

Th i n gs w i ll pr e fe nt 1 t (elf to o u r O b fer v ati o n

O
.

THE g r e atefi O b jeéts o f N at u r e ar e m et h i n ks , ,

th e 11 1 0 9 l f t b eh o l d d e xt to th e
1
p ea in
g o 5 a n n

eat C o n fi f h H v s d h fe b onn et
‘

g r a v e o t e e a e n an t o ,

l e fs R e gi o n s w h er e th e St ar s i n h abit t h er e 1 3 ,

n o t h i n g? t h at I l oo k up o n w it h m o r e Pl e a fu r e
‘

t h an th e w id e S ea an d t h e Mou n t ai n s o f th e
E arth Th er e is fo m eth i n g au g u fi an d fi ate ly
.
‘

i n t h e Ai r o f th efe t h i n gs t h at i n fpi r es th e ,

Mi n d w ith gr eat Th o u g h ts an d Pafl i o n s 5 w e ‘

do MID-1 34 11 u pon fach O ccaii ons t h ink o f G o

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,

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’

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e . 1 8

a nd h i s Gr eatn efs : An d w h atfo ev er hath b ut

th e S h adow, an d App ear an ce o f I I I , as NF N TE
a l l T g h
h i n s a t e th a t a r e to o big fo r o u r C o m - L

e nf o n, t h ey fill an d o v e r b e ar t h e Mi nd
'

p r e h -

w it h t h e ir E x ce fs, a nd cafl: 1 1 i n t o a pl eafing ki nd

ofS t u po r an d A
} 1AN D y e t th e fe Mo u n t ai n s We ar e ( p e ak i n o f
g
to c onfe fs th e T r u t h , ar e n ot h in g b u t gr e at
Rui n s ; b ut fu c h as {h ew a c ert ai n Mag n i fice n ce
i n Natu r e ; as fr o m o l d Temp le s an d br o k e n
Am p h it h eatr es o f th e R omain w e c o lle é t t h e ’ '

Gr eatn e fs o f t h at P eo p l e Bu t th e G r an d eu r o f
.

a iN ati o n is l e fs fe n fib le to th o fe t h at n e v e r fe e

t he R em ai n s an d Mo n u m en ts t h e y h av e l e ft ;

an d th o fe w h o n e v e r fe e t h e m o u n t ai no us
Par ts o f th e E ar t h fcar ce e v er r efl efi u po n th e
‘

C aufes o f t h em , o r w h at P o w e r i n Na t u r e c o u l d
'

b e fufli ci en t to pr od uc e t h em Th e Tr ut h is ,th e .

G e ne r ality of P e o p le h a v e n or S en fe a nd Cu
I i o fity e n o u g
h to t ai fe a Q p e fii o n c o n c e r n in
g
th efe th in 0 gs, or c o n c er n i n g th e O rigi n al o f
.

t hem Y o u m ay tell t h em t h at Mo u nt ai ns gr ow
.

Ou t o f t h e E art h l ik e F uz z b al ls , or t h at t h e r e
-

a re Mo n fter s u n de r G r o u n d , t h at t h r o w u p
’

Mou nt ai n s as Mo l e s do Mo l e h ills ; t h ey w il l -

fc ar ce t ai fe o n e O b jeéti o n ag ain fi y o u r Do ctri n e .

Or i f y o u w o ul d app ear m o re L earn e d , t e l l

‘

t h em t h at th e E art h is a great A ni m al; a nd th e fe

W en s t ha t gro w u p o n its B o dy th is wo u l d
'

a re
fs c u rr e n t fo r Ph i lo fo h ( m c h is t h e
p a
p y 0 u

XVo r ld dro w n d i n St u pidity an d fe n fu a l Pl e a

’

fu r es an d fo littl e i n q u ifitiv e i n t o th e Wo rks

,

o f Go d an d N at u r e .

THE R E
 The Theoy qf th E A R r 112
r e
'

THER E
“

t h i n g d oth m ore aw ak en oar

is no
Th o ug h ts o r e x c it e o u r Mi n ds to en u ir e i n t o
, q
t h e C au fes o f fu ch T h i n gs , t h an th e afi ual
V i ew o f t h em ; as I h av e h ad Exp eri e n c e my
felf w h en it w as m y F o rt u n e to ero fs th e Alps
,

a nd J ertni rte Mo u n t a i n s ; fo r th e Sig h t o fth ofe

p
w i ld v aii an d i n dig efied H e aps o f St o n es an d
, ,

E art h did (0 de eply fir i k e m y F a n cy th at as ,

n o t eafy ti ll I c o u ld giv e m f l f f m t l r
’

y e o e o e a

b le A cc o u n t h o w t h at C o n fu fio n c am e i n Na ~

tu re Ti s tr u e th e H e ig h t o f Mo u n t ai n s c o m
.
’

ar d w it h th e Di a m e t e r o f t h e E art h is no t
’

p
c o n fider ab l e b u t th e Ext e n t o f t h em an d th e
,

G r o u n d t h e y fian d u p o n b ears a co n fider ab l e

Pr o p o rti o n to th e S u r fac e o f th e Ea rt h 5 an d i f
fr o m E ur op e w e m ay t a k e o u r Me afu r es fo r th e
r efi I e afily b e l i e v e t h at th e Mo u n t ai n s do at
, ,

l e afi t ak e u p th e Te n t h P a rt o f th e dr y L an d .

Th e G eo gr ap h e rs ar e n o t v e ry c ar efu l to de
fcr i b e o r n o t e i n t h e ir C h arts th e Mu ltit u d e
o r S it u ati o n o f Mo u n t a i n s ; Th e y m ark th e
Bo u n ds o f C o u n tri es th e Sit e o f C iti e s an d , .

To wn s an d th e C o u r fe o f R iv ers b e c au fe
, ,

t h e fe ar e T h i n gs o f c h i e f U fe to C ivi l A f
fairs an d C om m e rc e an d t h at t h e y defig n to ,

fe rv e an d n o t Ph i lo fo ph y o r n at u ra l Hi lto
,

ry .Bu t C/u v er i tts , i n h i s D e fc r i p ti o n o f Art

ei ea t Ger ma ny , Sw i tz er la nd a n d Ita l , h a t h
y ,

g iv en M aps o f t h o fe C o u n tri e s m o r e appr o ac h

i n g to th e n at u r a l F a c e o f t h e m a n d w e h ave ,

d r aw n ( at th e e n d o f t h is C h apt e r) fu ch a Map

o f e it h e r He m i lph e r e w it h o u t m a ki n g C o u n
,
r

tri es or To wn s o r an y fu ch ar ti fici a l Th i n gs ;
,

di fti n g u i fh
’
.
395 The Theogr of th e E A R Tn .
‘
'

n ot b e e afy to hi m to p er fu ade l1 1 m felf t hat h e

w as fii ll u p o n t h e fa m e E ar t h ; b u t 1 f h e did , h e
w ould b e co n v i n c d, at l e ali , th at t h e r e ar e fo me
’

R e gio n s o f it fi r ang e ly r u d e, an d r u i n li k e , an d
-

v e ry di f
f e r e n t fr o m w h a t h e h ad e v e r th o u g h t

o f b e fo r e. Bu t th e I nh abit an ts o f th efe w il d
,

Pl ac e s a r e e v e n w ith u s ; fo r th o fe t h at l iv e a
m o n g li t h e Alps , an d th e gr e at Mo u n tai n s,
t h i n k t h at all th e t ell o f th e E art h is l ik e t h e ir
C o u n try , all b ro k e n i nt o Mo u n t a in s , an d V a l
l eys , an d Pr e cipic e s t h e y n ev e r fee o t h e r , an d
m o lt P e o pl e t h i n k o f n ot h i n g b u t w h at th ey
,

h av e fe e n at o n e ti m e o r an o t h er .

E
TH S E A49: we ar e [p e aki n g o f ar e th e g reat
e lt R an og e o f Mo u nt ai n s i n E urope ; an d tis pr o ’
a

dig i o u s to fe e an d to c o n fider o f w h at e xt en t
t h e fe H e ap s o f St o n e s an d R u b b i fh ar e ; o n e
w ay t h e y o v e r fpr ead Sa rto] a nd D a ap h i rte, an d
‘
-

r ea c h t h r o F f a m e to th e
’

Ty r errea a Mo u n t a i n s ,

a nd ( 0 to th e Oc e an Th e o t h e r w ay t h ey r u n
.

a lo n g th e Skirts o f Ger ma n , t h r o S ty r i a , T
’

a n;
]
a oai a , an d Tal ma ti a , as far as T h r a ce a n d th e
Bl ac k Sea T . h e n b ack wards t h e y c o v e r S wi tz er ,

la nd and th e P ar ts adj ac en t an d t h at Br an c h o f
t h em w h ic h we c al l th e Ap emri rzes fir i k es t h ro ’

Ita ly , an d is , as it w e r e, th e B ack bo n e o f t h at
-

C o u n try T . h is m u ll n e e ds b e a l arg e Sp ac e of
G r o u n d w h i ch th ey ( l an d u p o n ; y et ti s n o t t hi s
’

P art o f E u rope o n ly th at is lad en wit h Mo un '

t ai ns , th e N o rt h e r n P art is as r o u g h an d r u d e
.

i n t h e F a c e o f th e C o u n try , as i n th e Man n ers

o f th e P eo p l e 5 B ohemi a , Stle f a , T en m a r h, N ar

te a] , Sw eea la ael, ” L ap land and Uelaad, an d al l

’

th e
 T
h o dg
e a a ari d
m f
mo m a o the E m a
“

. i

the C o afis o f th e rB a lti eh C li fts, S ea , fu ll of

-
are

an d R o cks , a n d C r ag s o f Mo u n t ai n s : Be li de s
'
‘
‘
‘

th e R i h ea rt Mo u n t ai n s 1 n
p fi y ov , w h ic h t h e M
In h a bit an ts t h e r e u fe t o c a ll th e Stone g i r dle,
.
-

an d b e li e v e t h at i t gir ds th e Ear t h r o u n d a b o u t
'
.

NOR ar e th e o t h e r P a r ts o f o u r C o n ti n e n t '

m o r e fr ee fr o m r Mo u n t ai n s th an E u r op e, n o r ,

O t h e r P arts o f t h e E art h t h an o u r C o n ti n e n t ;
‘

Th e y ar e i n th e Ne w o rld as we ll as th e O ld W
a n d i f t h e y c o u l d di fcov e r t wo o r t h r ee Ne w

W
.

o rlds o r C o nti n e n ts m o r e , t h e y w o u ld {til l

fin d t h em t h e r e N e it h e r i s th e r e an y O rigi n al
. s

Ifl an d u p o n th e E art h , b u t 1 3 e it h er all a R o c k,
o r h at h R o cks o f Mo u n t a i n s 1 11 i t A n d a l l h e
t
dry L an d , an d e v er y C o n t i n en t, ; i s b u t a ki n d
o f Mo u n t a i n ; th e ? t h at Mo u n ta i n h ath a ulti M
t u de o f l efie r o n e s , an d Va ll e ys , an d Pl a i n s, an d
'

L ak e s , an d Mar lh e s, a n d all V ari ety o f Gr o u n ds

’

IN A mer i ca , t h e Andes , o r a R idg e o f Mo u n

t ai n s fo call d, ar e r ep o rt e d to b e hig h er t h an
’

a n y w e h av e,
\
r e ach i n g abo v e a Th o u fan d .

L eag u e s i n L e n g th , i n Br e adt h ,
wh er e t h e y ar e th e n arr o we lt i n Af r i oh t h e
,
~
‘
.
_

Mo u n t a i n A tla s ; t h at for } its he ig h t w as md i

t o b e ar th e He a v ens o n i ts B
..
a c k ; r u n s a l l a l o ng
fr o m th e
'

W
efi er n Se a to th e B o r der s o f Q/ E

g yp t , p ar al l e l w it h t h e M edi ter r a ne a n T h e r e .
»

a l fo ar e th e Mo u nt a i n s o f th e Moon,an d m an y
-

mo r e; w h e re o f we h ave b u t a n i m p er fe ét A c
-
r
, ,

c oun t , as n ei th er i nde ed o fth at C o u n try i n th e

‘

r em o t e an d i n n er Par ts o £it Ah a is b ett er

‘

. . . . ,
.

k n o wn , a n d th e Mo u n t ai n s t h e r e o f b ett e r de
‘ '

T
fcri b d : a m as , wh i ch 1 8 th e p r i n cip al, w as ad
.

Bo o K 1 o j g d d
f

.
u‘ l
4 9
14
. Th e T
h eory of the
A R r 11 2 E
a dju dg d by th e An ci en t G eo gr ap h e rs th e gr ea t
'
’

ea i n t h e Wo r l d It divid e s Afia i n t o two P arts

'

.
,

w h ich h av e th e i r D e n o m i n ati o n fr o m it An d
t h e r e is an Anti T a m a s th e gr e at e r an d th e l e i s
-
,

w h ic h a cc o rdi n gly divid e A r meni a i n t o g re at er

an d l e fs Th en th e Cr a ozf or m Mo u n t ai n s o f
.

Imam th e fam o u s Caa eafirs th e l o n g C h ai n s

, ,

b fT a r ta r) a n d Ch i na an d t h e r o cky a n d m o u n
!
,
a

r a i n o n s A r a hi a If o n e c o u l d at o n c e h av e aPré
.

fp eét o f a ll th e fe to g e t h e r o n e w o u ld b e é afi ,
.

l fat i s fie d t h at th e G l o b e o f t h e E art h i s a
y
.
,

mo r e r u d e and i n di g efie d B o dy t h an tis c o m

’

th o n ly i m ag i n d ; i f o n e c o u ld fe e I fay all th e
’

, ,

K i n gd o m s an d R e gio n s o f th e E ar th at o n e
v ie w h o w t h e y l i e i n br o k en H e aps 5 th e Se a
'

h ath o v e r w h e lm e d o n e h al f o f t h e m an d wh at ,

r e m a i n s a r eb u t th e t all e r P arts o f a Ru i n L ook .

u p o n t h o fe gr e at R an g e s o f Mo u n t ai n s i n E a

r o e o r i n Af a w h e r e o f w e h a v e giv e n a {h o rt
p
S u r e y i n w h at C o n fu fio n do t h e y l i e ? Th e y
'
v

h av e n e it h e r F o r m n or B eau ty n o r S h ap e n or , ,

O rd e r no mo r e t h an th e C lo u ds i n th e Air
'

.
,

Th en h o w b arr en h o w de fo late h o w n ak e d ar e,
‘

,
'

t h e y ? Ho w t h e y (lan d n eg le Cted by Natu rei ’ r

N e it h er th e R a i n s c an {o ft en t h em n o r th e ,

D e w s f ro m H eav en m ak e th em fr u i tfu l m i a .

1 h av e giv en t h is i b o rt A cc o u n t o f th e Mo u n
'

t ai n s o f th e E art h to h elp to r emo v e t h at Pr e ,

j u dic e w e a1 e apt to h av e o r t h at C o n c e it t h at ,
’
,

th e
p r e fe n t E art h ts r e u la r
g ly f o r m d A n d t o .

t h is Pu r po fe I do n o t d o u bt b u t t h at it w o u ld
b e o f v e ry g o o d U fe to h av e rta tirr a l Maps o f
'

t h e E a r th as w e n o t e d b efo r e a s w el l as ci v i l ;
, ,

an d d o n e w i th th e fam e Car e and ud g m e n t

j .

O ur
1 96 tb e E A R Ta I
al l t h at V ari ety t h at is amo n g t hem is bu t the ,
:

v ari o u s Mod e s o f Irr eg u larity (0 as yo u c an:

n o t m ak e a b ett e r C h ar aét e r of t h e m i n Ib o r t , ,

t h an to fay t h e y ar e o f a ll F o rm s an d Fig ur es
Th e n i f y o u w o u ld g o w i th i n
_

e xc e pt r e g u l a r
,
.

t h e fe Mo u n t a i n s ( fo r t he y ar e g en er ally h ol l ow)
y o u W o u ld fin d a ll t h i n gs t h e r e m o r e r u d e
D
i f ,

o fl i b le t h an w it h o u t : An d l aftl f l k ’
o o
p , y 1 y o u ,

u p o n an l Ieap o f t h e m t o g e t h e r o r a m o u n
—

t ai n o u s C o u n try t h e y ar e t h e g re atelt Ex a m
’
, o

p l e s o f C o n fu fio n t h at w e k h o w 1 n N a t u r e 5 11 0

Te m p e i t o r E art h qu ake p u ts Th i n gs m m m o r e
’

D i fo r der Ti s tr u e t h e y c ann o t ho o k fo i ll
.
, .

n o w as t h ey did a t fir l t ; a R u i n t h at i s,fr elh

’
,

l o o ks m u c h w o r fe t h an a ft e r w ard s w h en th e ,

E art h gr o ws di fco lo u r d an d s k i n n d o v er Bu t
’ ’

I fan cy i f w e h ad fee n th e Mo u n t ai n s wh en
,

t h e y w e r e n e w b o rn an d r aw w h en th e E ar t h ,

w as fr e fh br o k en an d th e Wat ers o f th e D el u g e
,

n e w ly r e ti r d t h e F r afl i o n s an d C o n fu fio n s o f
,

t h em woul d h av e appear d v ery g h afil y an d

"
’

frig h t fu l .

AFTE R t h is g en e r al S u rv e y o f th e Mou n t ai ns
o f th e Eart h an d t h e ir Pr o p erti e s l e t u s no w ,

r e fl eé t u p o n th e C au fe s o f t h em
’
Ther e is a .

d o u bl e Pl eafu r e i n Ph ilo fo p h y ; firft t h at o f ,

Ad m ir ati o n w h i lfi w e c o n t em pl at e Th i n gs t h at
,

a r e g reat an d w o n d e r fu l a n d do n o t y et u n d e r
,

fi an d t h e ir C au fe s fo r th o Ad m ir ati o n pr o
’

c e e ds fr o m Ig n o r an c e y et t h e r e is a c ert am
,

C h ar m an d S w e e tn e fs m t h at Pa ffio n Th en th e ,

fe c o n d Ple afur e 1 8 gr eat er an d mo r e i h t el lefi u

a l w h ic h is t h at o f di fii n et K n o w
, l edg e an d O
Com
 Th e fl e h
and fl ij ohzfie n
'

o th e E 4 7th
eht
g f 1 97

w h en we c o me
'
to h av e th e
nd fe e th e
'

ks th ofe Secr ets , a

in t h 0 fe
‘
Th i n
g s c o m e to p a fs

b efo r e : Th e R ea fo n s wh y th e ’

an d fr om w h at C a

'
oT uCh a
‘

St ate an d t h is w e a fte r,
'

a s t o t h e Mo un t ai n s o f th e E art h wh at t h e ir
' ‘
‘
,

O rigi n al w as h o w an d wh en th e Eart h c ame

,
?
'

i nt o t h is fir an g e Er arn e an d Str u é cu r e 5 In th e ’
.

B egi nn i ng 6f o u r Wb r ld wh en th e Earth rb fe
'

,
<

fr o m a
i m m ed
Mafs t h at
’

c au fe
J
a
-

'

n o t li e i n an y O t h er F i gu re tha n
‘

l at fo r th e c o n fian t L aw s o f N
' '

t ai n ly bri n g a ll L iq uors 1 n to t h at F o r m z An d ~

a C h ao s 1 5 n or c all d fo fr o m a n y ( 365 111 110 11 or

’

Br o k e nn e i s 1 n th e F orm o f 1 1 b u t fr o m a Co n
' '

fu fio n ah d Mixt u re o f all (01 1 5 o f In

‘

i n th e Co mp o fiti o n o f 1 t 8 6 w e h av
' ' ’

d d h pr c d t C h pt rs d o u bl e
’

p r o uc i n t e e e e n a e , a

A rg um ent t hat th e E ar th w as n o t o rigi n ally m

m m
t h is Fo r , b o t h b ec au fe it t o fe fro a C h ao s, '

w h ich c o u l d n o t o f it felf or by an y i m m edi ,

ate C o n cr eti o n fett le i n t o a F o r m o f t h is N a;,

t u r e as h ath b e en ih e wn i n th e four th an d
,
‘

fift h C h apt e rs as alfo b ec au fe i f it h ad b een ,

o rigi n a lly ma d e t h u s it c o ul d n e v e r h av e un d e r
'

g o n e a D e l u g e as h at h b e en
p r o v d 1 n th e,fe co n d l ’

an d t h ird C h apt ers If t h i s b e t h en a feco n dar y .

a n d fu c c edan e o u s F o r m th e r t Q
’

a tefilo n 1 8
g e , ,

from W hat C au fes it ar i fes .

U h .

O 3
 { heT Theory of i fhe E A R P ‘
Hé:

l u g e ; y et n e t
t h at w as t he n, b u Agit ati
o n o f th e W at e rs , ou nd 1 n
t o t h is r ude a n d u n e q u al F o r m Bo ih t efe
.

h
C an fg s (ge m
to me v e ry i n co m e t e nt a nd i h
p
fu ffic i e n t
. E art hq uak es fcl do m
.

t ai n s, t h e y oft e n t ak et h em aw ay,
do wn i ntg the C aver s th a t l i e
n .

b e fi des , Eart h q u akes ar e not i n

a nd : C lim gte s as Mo u nt ai n s a r e ,f o r as w e h av e

o bferv d mor e t h ano nc t h r e 13 n it h r fl an d

’

e, e e e I
that is O r igi n al , n ot C onti n en t a n y h e re i n w
the E art h i n w hat L a tit u d e fo ev e r b ut h ath
, , .

Mount ai ns, an d R ocks i n i t An d l afily wh at . .

Pr o b abi lityd s th er e 1 or how i s i t c r edi ble t hat

, ,

t h ofe v al tJ I r ack s o f L a n d w h ic h w e fe e fill d

’
'
’

w it h M o un ta i n s b ot
h 1 n E ur o a fl
p ,
f a an d A ,

by E art h q u ak es o r an y E rup ,
,

In w h at Ag o of the Wo r l d
d wh y n o t c o n ti n u o? As fo r
’

th e De lu e w hic h t h ey al ledg e as an o ther Caufc

, ,

I doubt n ot b ut M o un tai n s w e r e mad e i n th e ,

.

Ti m e o f th e ge n eral Delug e t hat gr eat C h ang e ,

a n d T ga n s fo r m at i o n o f t h e E a rt h h app e n d t h e n
’

b u t n ot fr o m fu c h C au fe s as ar e p ret e n d e d
, ,

Wat ers ; fo i f the E art h w as fm o oth

r an d p l ai n
b efo r e th e F lo o d , y
as t h e

th e Wat er s c o uld h ave

,

'

w ell as we do , ‘
, li ttle or
no
 T
b e v
fl ebr y f o tb e q ’
, Ah
'
1:

dr y L a n d fl o o d h igh e r t ha n
as ad o m '

Hills a n d t h is 1 5 t h e fir fi a nd

g e n e r al A cc o u n“t o f t h em , au d i o f all th e Ineq u d

li ti es o f t h e E ar tl1 Bu t to co n fide r th e fe (T
“ '

. h i ng s
a littl e m o r e p a1 1 1 c u la r l y Th e r e 1 5 a d o ubl e
C au fe a n d N e c e fii t y o f Mo u n ta1 n s fir ft t h is n o w ,

n e n t i o n d, b e c aufe t h e e xt e ri o r O r b o f t h e E art h
i
’

w as g re at e r t h an t h e 1 11 te1 i or , w h ic h i t fe ll u p o n ,
' '

a n d t h e r e fo r e 1 1 c o u l d n o t al l fail fiat a n d fe

c o n dl y, b ec au fe i t h i s e x te r i o n O r b did n o t fall

fo fl at an d l a1 g e as it m i gh t, o r d i d n o t c o v e r a ll
t h e E o rr o m o f th e A b y fs y as 1 1 w as v e ry c ap a bl e
t o do , b u t as w e ih e w d b e fo r e i n e x p l a i n i n C d
’
‘
‘

2
t h e C h an n e l o f th e O c ea n , it l e ft a g ap i n g i n
.

t h e Middl e , 01 a n A éjfi cb m m el, 1 as I i h o u l d c al l

’

i t ; a n d t h e b r o a de1 1 h 1 s A b yfs c h an n e l w as , me
'
-

m o r e Mo u n ta i n s t h e r e wo u ld b e u p o n th e dry
f

L an d ; fo r t h er e w o u ld b e m o re E art h , o r m o r e -

o f t h e fa lli n g O r b l e ft, an d l e fs R o o m t o pl ac e it
.

i n , a n d th er e fo r e it m u i r fi an d l m o r e 1 n H e aps
’
.

1
N
I w h at P arts o f th e E art h t h e fe H e aps w o u ld
l i e , and 1 11 w h at p artic u l a r ma n n e r, i t c a n no t b e
e x p eC te d t h at w e fh ou ld t e ll ; b u t a ll t h at w e
’

h av e h it h e rt o o b fe r v d c o n c e r n i n g Mo u n t ai n s ,
’

h o w fir an tgj e fo e v e r , a n d o rh er w i fe u n ac c o u nt
' '
'
'

a bl e , m ay e ali ly b e e xpl ai n d a nd de du c d fro m

’ ’

t h is O ri g i n al 5 w e {h al l n e t w o n d e r a t t h e ir -

“
. .

zG r e at n e fs a n d V afin e fs fe e i n g th e ar eth e R u i n s
’

y
’

o f a b ro k e n a n d t h e y Wo u ld t ak e u
7
0 1 ld
'

p :

m o r e or l efs o f th e dry L a n d , acc o rdi ng as th e

O c e a n t o o k u p m o r e o r l e fs Sp a c e o f o u r Gl o b e
Th e n as to t h e ir Fig u 1 e an d F o rm , wh e t h er e x
t e r n al o r i n tci n al, tis ju fi f uch as an fw e rs o u r
’

E10
T T m
”

élug e an;
he flak/ utton o t/9 f 2E ar th . 2 151 1

Exp ectati o n } ari d n o

s l e ads fis t o; fo r yo u
p otb c fi
l i e v e t h at th efe H e aps w o uld b e 1 r reg u lar i n all
man n e r o f w ay s w h e t h er c o n fid er d ap ar t; o r i n
’ ' ‘

t h eir Sit u ati o n to o n e an o t h er An d t h e y wou ld .

’
l i e c om m o n ly i n C lu fie rs an d i h R idg e s fo r
’
f
,

t h o fe ar e t w o o fth e tn o i t gen e r al Po fiur e s o f t h e

'
’

P arts of a R u i n; w h en t h e y fall i nw ard s L afi ’

l y We c a nnot Wo nde r th at M
.

,
oun t ains {li ou ld
fo r g r eat B odi e s fal l i hg to
' ' '

or beat i n g an d l ean i n g a
ai nfi On e an o t h e r m u fi n e e ds m a k e a gr e at ni a i
'

g ,
-

i1 y H o ll o w neffes 1 n t h em and b y t h e ir u tiec fi }

' '
l
'

l a
Applic ati o n s e m pty s paces w
,
’

il l b e i n t erc ept ed
We fee al fo fro m th e fame afon Why mo un J

r ai n o n s C o u n tr i e s ar e fu bje éi
a n d w h y Mo u n t ai n s

i n t o th e C av er n s t h at l i e f

J o i nts an d Pr b ps b ei n g d ecaye d and wo r n t hey ‘ ' '

b e c o m e u nabl e to b e ar t he
'

t he fe Pr o pe rt ie s you
”

t h e fam e Stri ng an dar e ju

,
'
fi C o nfe qu en ces fr b m x

S u ppo fit1 o n th e D i fl o lu ti o ii 61
' '

co n ce r n i i1
’
0 11 1 1 «
g
th e firft fu r e r Ma rk o f
An d t h ere 1 8
‘
'
no
'

a t h an wh en i t do rh n o t o n
‘ ’
.

l y h i t l u ckil y i n o n e or t wo P artic u l ars, b ut an:

all t h at it is to b e a d i o d d
'
d
'

l
pp y
’

t a n I S a e

q u at e to JNatu r e i n h er w h o le Ext e n t .

Bu t h o w fu li y o eafily fo ev e r th e fe th i n gs may
‘
r
' '

an fwer N at u re, o u w ill b t h at a ll

‘

y e ,

H
t h is 1 5 b u t an yp otloéfis i n d o f Fi c
'

ti on o r S uppo?fi t1o ti t h at Th i ngs Wer e (0 an d fo

"

ht firfi, and by th e C o her en c e and Ag r eement

z oa Th e T6001} qf tb e a
EAR '
r H .

o f th eEtfefi s
‘
w it h fu ch a Supp o fiti o n , yo u
w ou l d a rg u e an d pr o v e t h at t h e y w e r e r e al l y
T o . I
Th is co n fe fs 1 15 tr u e, t h i s 1 s th e Met h o d,
and i f w e w o u ld k n o w a n y T h i ng i n N at u r e
fur t h e r t h an o u r S en fe s g o , w e c an k n o w it n o
o th e r w i fe t h an by an Hy otb 0 5
p fi W h e n T h i n gs
a r e e i th er to o l ittl e fo r o u r S e n fe s, o r to o r e

mo re an d i n accefli b le , w e h av e n o Way to -

k n o w th e i nw ard N at u r e , an d t h e C au fes o f
th e ir f en fib le Pr o p e rti e s , b u t by r e afo n i n g u p o n
an
i otb e f 5 I f y o u w o u l d k n o w , fo r Ex a m

W
.

l e f w h at P a rts t r h r L iq r
p , o a e , o r a n y o t e u o

c o n fifis, t h e y are to o l ittl e to b e di fc e r n d by

’

th e E ye , y o u {n u ll t he r e fo r e t ak e a S u p po fit i o n
co n c er n i n g t he i ri ny i fib le Fig u r e an d F o rm , an d
i £t h at agr ee s an d g i v es th e R e a fo n o f a ll th e ir
fenfib le l i ti e s , y o u u n de r fian d th e N at u r e o f
W ate r In l ik e m ann e r , i f y o u w o u ld k n o w th e
.

N at ur e o f a C o rnet , o r of wh at Matt e r th e Su fi
_

c on fifis , wh ic h ar e Th i n gs i n ac c e fii b le t o US»
t h is t h by n H
y o u c a n d o . n o o t h e r w i fe an a }
?

n d i f t hat
p fq
al fl f 5 a
i o t b ef 5 b e eafy an d 1 n
~

. .

t e ll i i b le , a n d anfwe rs a ll t h e
g T h a m omem o f

th ofe t wo h av e d on e as m u c h as a
T 151 1f 1010” o r as 164 4 174 0 71 120n c ando An d t h is .

i s w h at w e h av e at tem pt e d c o n c e r n i n g th e Ear th
a nd c o n cer n in g b th e D e l u g e .
W e h av e l ai d d o w n

a n Hy ozb e s t h at is e afy a nd pe r fp i cu o u s, c o n
p fi
fill in g o f a fewt h i n g s, an d tho fe v ery i n te lli g i
b le, an d fro mth is we h av e g i v e n a n Acc ou n t
h o w the o ld W o r ld w as defir o y d by a D e l u g e
’

of W o
at e r , an d h w th e E art h c am e i n t o t h i s

f n f am d fi lh d d i t r pt ed
’

pr e e t o r r i n g u i a n n er u
w it h
 The T
RTH heory of the E A .

a n y Au t h o r t h at h at h tr e at e d a Mat te r n ew r e ,

m o t e a nd co n fi fii n g o f a Mu ltit u d e o f P arti q
,

l ars w h o w o u ld n o t h av e h ad o c c af on i f h e
'

, ,

h ad li v d to h av e fe e n h i s i oth f 5 fu lly e x a
’

e
111 111 1 1 to h a v e c h an g d h i s Mi nd an d Man n e r o f
’

ex p l ai n i n g T h in g s i n m an y m at e ri al In fian ces :
To c o n cl u d e b o t h th i s C h apter an d t h is Se c
ti o n w e h a ve h e r e add ed a Map o r Drau g ht o f
,

t h eE ar th a cc o rdi n g to th e n atu r al F a c e o f it
, ,

its it w o ul d app ear fr o m th e Mo o n i f w e w e r e

'

a littl e n ear e r to h e r o r as it w as at fir fi aft e r t h e

D e l u g e be fo r e C iti e s w e r e b u i lt D i fii n éti o n s
,
'
,

o f C o u n t ri e s mad e o r a n y Alte r ati o n s b

y h
'

u ,

E n an In duftr
y T 1 5 c h i e fl y to e x
’

p ofe
’ '

vi e w th e Mo u n t a
J
i n s o f th e Eart h an d th e Pr o1 ,

m
'

t i o n f S e d L d “ fh w
'
it li es
'
p
'

s o a a n an t o e i t as

i n i tfe lf a nd as a N atu r ali ft o u g h t to co n c erv e ’

‘ '

a n d c o n fidcr i t Ti s t r u e t her e are far m o r e

.
‘ ’

Mo u n t ai n s u p o n th e E art h t h an wh at a r e he r e 3

r e r e fe n t e d for mo r e c o u l d n o t c o n v e n i e n tl y
p ,

b e pl ac d i n t h is n arr o w S c h em e b u t t h e b e lt
’

nd m o Q ffe étu al Way o f r epr e fen ti n g t h e

’

a t

Bo d y o f th e E art h a s it is b y Nat ur e w o u ld b e
'

, ,
'

nor i n
p l a 1 11 \
, b u t b y a r ou
g h Ta bl es
G lo h e ,
e x

r e fii n ll h “
fi d b l I n q liti s t h t
p g a t e c o n e r a e e u a e a

a e u p o n t h e E ar th
r
'
f
Th e Fm o o th G l o b e s t h at .

we a te , do b ut n o u r 1 il1 1 n u s th e C o n c e it o f
th e E a rt h s R e g u l a rity an d th o t h e y m ay b e
’ ’

c t mv e n i e n t e n o u g h fo r 0 e o r a h 1 cal Pu r o
g p p
t h e y ar e n o t (0 pr o p er fo r n at ur a l Sci e n c e, n o
t h i n og w o u ld b e m o r e u i efu l i n t h is R efp eét,
t h a n a r o u g h G l o b e o f t h e l ar g e fi D i m e n i i o n s
’

tD ,

w h er e i n th e C h an n e l o f th e Sea lh ould b e r e ally

3 11 0 11s
h o ll o w, as it is i n N at u r e, w i th all its u n eq u al
D ept h s ac co r di n g to th e b eft S ou n di n gs, an d
’ ‘

t h e S h o r es e x p r e fs d b o t h acc o rdi n g to Matt er

’

'

a nd Ec um , l itt l e Ro ck s fian di n g w h er e t h er e are

‘ ‘

Rocks, an d S an ds a n d B e a c h e s i n th e Pl ac e s
‘
. .

w h e r e t h e y ar e fo u n d ; an d al l th e Ifl an ds pl an t
'

" \

ed 1 n th e S ea c h an ne l i n a du e F 0 r m , an d i n
- ~

t h eir fo li d D i m e n fio ns Th en u p o n th e L an d .

{h Quld fi an d all th e R an g e s o f Mo u n t ai n s , i n
th e fam e O rd e r o r D i fo r der t h at N at u r e h at h
‘

fer th em t he re : An d th e i n l an d S e as, an d -
.

" cs , o r tath er t h e Beds t e y l ie i n ,

g r e at L a k .
'

h -
. . .

Ih o uld b e d u ly r ep r e fe n ted 5 as a l fo th e v altxD e

’
'

farts o f S an d as th e y l ie u p o n th e Ea rth An d .

t h is b e i n g do n e w ith C ar e an d duer Ar t, w ou ld
b e a tr u e Epit o m e , o r tr u e Mo d e l o f o u r E a rt h
“
.

Wh er e we fho u ld fee b efides oth e r In fir u Cti

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fr o m th e y r enea m to th e E a x zne S e a Th e r e s
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a s m u c h Di ff e r e n c e b e twe e n t h e fe , a n d th o fe
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i f yo u pleafe w e m ay di fiing u iih h er e b e t w ix t

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,

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fu ppo fe t h at th e fey en Hi ll s u p o n w h ic h R ome

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may b e D i fr u pti o ns fom eti m e s m ade b y E ar th

q u a k e s , an d H o le s w o r n by f u b te r r an eo u s Fi re s

and Wat e rs ; b u t w h at s t h at to th e C h ann e l of

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t h e A tlantic/ e Qeeaa , o r o f th e

wh ic h is e x tend e d an h u n dr ed an d fifty D e
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g r e e s u n d e r th e E q u at o r , a
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n d to w ards t h e
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m ig h ty T h i n gs fr o m n o gr eat e r C au fe s , I
{h o u ld t hi n k h i m a v ery cr e d u l o u s Ph i lo fo p h er
.
.

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o f C r e d u lity i n Matt e r o f Ph i lo foph iz i ng
Matt y wh en t h ey h av e fo u nd o u t C au fes t h at ,

ar e pro p er for c e r tai n Effeéi s w it h i n fu c h a

C o m p afs , th e y can n o t k e ep th e m t h e r e ; b ut
the y w i l l m ak e t h e m do e ve ry T h i n g fo r t h em 5
a n d ext e n d t he m o ft e n to o t h e r E ffefi s o f a

fu pe r i o r N at u r e o r D egr ee , w h ic h t h e ir Aa i
V 1 ry c an by n o Me an s r e ac h to -

Q/ E m a h a t h .

b e en a b u rn i n g Moun t ai n ev er fince, an d ab o ve
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d w h it br u g h t t hem fo rt h , w h en i ts
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C h r o n icle s o f th e Nati o n s m en ti on th efe t h i n gs ,

o r a n ci e n t F am e , o r an ci e n t F ab le s ? w e r e t h ey

mad e all at o n c e, o r i n fu cce fii v e Ag e s ? Th efe ‘

C au fes c o n ti n u e fii ll i n N at u r e, w e h av e fii ll
E art h q u ak e s an d fub ter r an eo u s Fi re s a n d Wa
t e rs , w h y lh o u ld t h e y n o r fii ll o p er at e a n d h av e
.

th e fam e E ffec ts ? We o ft en h e ar o f C iti e s

’

t h ro wn d o wn by E art hqu ak es, o r C o u n tr 1 es

fwallo w d u p ; b u t w h o e v e r h eard o f a n ew
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e do W
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a n e w C h a n n e l m a d e fo r th e O ce an ? o

n o t r e ad t h at t h e r e h at h bee n( 0 m u ch as a n ew :

S i nus o f t h e S ea e v e r fin c e th e Mem o ry o f Ma n
'

Wh ic h is far m o re fe afible t h anw h at t h ey pi e -7 ,

ten d A nd Th i n g s o f t h is N at u r e b e i n g b o rh
'

fir an g e an d fe a fib le, e xcit e Adm i t atio n an d gr e at

A tt en ti o n w h en t h ey c o m e to p ais, an d w o u ld
'

ce rt ai n ly h av e b ee n r e m e m b e r e d o r pr o p ag ar

e d i n fo m e Way o r O t h e r , i t t h ey h ad e v e r

h app en d fin c e th e D e lu g e
’

Th ey h av e t e
.

c o rd ed th e F o u n d ati o n o f C iti e s an d Mo n ar
'

c h i e s , th e App e ar an c e o f Bl az i ng St ars, th e
E r u pti o n s o f fiery Mo u n t ai n s, th e m o lt r em ark
a b l e E art h q u ak e s a n d I n u n d ati o n s ; t h e gr e at E

cl i p fe s o r O b fcu r ati o n s o f th e S u n , an d an y t h i n g

t h at l oo k d fir an e o r Pr o digy lik e , w h eth er i n

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g
-

th e H e a v en s o r o n E art h : An d th e fe, wh ic h '

w o u ld h av e b e en th e g r eatefi Pr o digi e s, an d
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r e at efi C h an g e s t h at e v e r h app e n d i n N at u r e ,
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wo u ld th efe h av e e fcap d all O bfer vati o n a n d
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.

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Tbg t th e E arth was o n c e u nd er ano th er F o ttii
o th r w i fe w h y do t he y g o ab o u t to fh e w th e
‘

e
C aufes h o w it c am e i n t o t hi s F orm ? I defir e
t h en to k n o w w h at F o r m t h e y fu ppofe th e E arth
o h av e b e en u n d e r b efo r e th e Mo u n t ai n s w er e
m ad e, th e C h an n el o f th e S ea, o r fu b ter r an eo u s
es ? E it h e r th eym u fi t ak e t h at Fo r m w h i c h

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'

th e T ell w h ic h e v e ry O pi n i o n m u fi b e b r o u g0 ht

t o , h ow th e E art h e m er g d o u t o f t h at w r
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at y
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‘

h ow by E art h quak e s, an d fie ry Er u pti o n s, fu b

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t erran eou s at ers, and fu ch lik e C au fes, th e
B o dy o f th e E art h c o u ld b e w ro u gh t from
t h at F o rm to t h is p re fe n t For rna An d the .

Th i n g is i m po fii b le at firi t Sigo h t 5 fo r fu c h
’
.

C au fes as t h e fe c o u ld n o t t ak e pl ac e i n fuc h
a n E art h . As fo r fu b ter r an e o u s Wai t e rs , th e r e
c o u ld b e n o n e at t h at Ti m e, for t h e y w ere al l
a b o v e G ro un d ; a n d a s fo r fu b te r r aneou s Ex
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h a l ati o n s , w h et h er fie ry o r ae ry , t h e r e was n o
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.

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th e p refentf d r m b f th e E art h , as c d ijld

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'

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mb ute fome thi ng td i ncr é afe th eK u dené fs an d

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t h e m fe lves i n th e El ace o f th o fe O b je e s, and

fe e w h at An fwe r t h e y can m ak e to th e Apo fi le,'

m
w h o l l eave to di fp u te th e C afe w it h t h em I .

T
,

h op e t h e y w il l n o t tr eat t h is Ep i file Of St e .

ter s fo r ud e l y as
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h eo l o gic al Au t h o rs, an d (0 fie rc e i n i t, t h at
fe e i n g St : Y eter s Do étr i n e h e r e to b e c o n tr ary ,
’ ’
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h e faid , t h is Epi file o f St Petejr s w as c o rr u pt e d ,

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an d w as n o t to b e r e c ei v d i n fo th e C an o n An d
’

a ll t h is , b ecau fe it t au g h t , t h at t h e H e av e n s an d

th e E art h h ad c h an g d th e i r F o r m , an d w o u ld do
’

fo ag ai n at t h e C o n fl ag rati on 5 fo as th e fa m e
’

W o r ld wou ld b e tri fo rm i n S u cc e fs o f T i me,

W e a ck n o w ledg e h i s Ex po fiti o n o f St etr rfs T
W
.

o rds to b e v e ry tr u e 5 b ut w h at h e m ak e s an

A r g u m en t o f th e C o rr u pti o n o f t h is Ep i file , i s
rat h e r , i n m y Min d, a p e c u li ar Arg u m e n t o f
i ts Divi n e In fpi rati o n In th e fe co n d P l ac e,
.

t h e re Writ er s d alh u p o n the o ld R o ck , th e '

Im p o fl i b i li ty o f e xp lai n i n g th e D e lu g e 5 i f
t h er e w er e Mo un t ai n s fro m th e B egi n n i n g , and
t h e E art h t h e n i n t h e fam e F o r m as it is i n
T T
.

n ow . h i r d/j , h ey m ak e th e St at e o f fPa r m .

diff as u n i n t ell igibl e as t h at _of the Deluge ;

F o r th o fe Pr o p e rti e s t h at ar e a fiig n d to 4
’

.
T
r a dz by th e A n ci e n ts, ar e i n c o n fii ten t w it h
j
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é ’

t h e p r e fe n t F o r m o f th e E art h As w i ll app ear

i n th e S e c o n d B o o k L a/ t fl , Th e y m u ll a n fw e r ,
.
]
a n d giv e a n A cc o u n t o f all t h o fe Ma rk s w h ic h

we h av e o b fer v d i n N at u r e (b o t h i n t h i s
’

C h apt er, and th e Ni n t h, Ten t h , an d E l e

,
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v ent of Er aCi ion s R ui ns Di lfo lu t o n s t h at
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h av e b een o n th e E an d wh ic h we ha e v
lh ew n to b e i n e x p li c u n l e fs we a m h at
d it t
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th e
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E art h c e i n an o t h e r F o r m
w as on .

T HES E A rg um e n ts bei n g pr e m is d l et u s n o w
‘
’

b r i ng the ir m i o n c lo fe to th e Te ll an d fe e
o ,

i n wh at hi a n n e r th e fe Mc mm a i n s m u ll h av e b e en
‘ '

m ad e acc o rdi n g t o t h e m a nd h o w th e C h an ,

n e l o f th e Se a a 11 d a ll o th e r C ayi t i es o f th e E a1 t h
‘ ‘
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, .
;

L e t u s to t h is Pu r po fe c o n fide r th e E art h ag a i n
i n t h at tr a n li e n t5 i n co m pl ea tF o r m wh ic h 1 t h a d
'

w h e n th e Abyfs en c o ni p a lr t h e w h o l e B o dy of
'
’

it F ig 2 p 7 7 w e b o t h agr ee t h at th e E art h
. . . .

w as o n c e i n t h is St at e a n d t h e y fay t h at i t c a m e, ,

i m m e di at e ly o u t o f i n t o its pr e fe n t v

F o rm t h er e b e i n g 111
, n at u r a l Po w
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er a gr e at C h an n el o r D i t c Pa rt of i r
w h i c h dte w
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o ff t h e Wat e rs fi o m th e 1 e fi ; a nd ,
,

th e E art h w hic h w a z d an d fo r c d o u t
’ ’

o f th i s Ditc h m ad e th e , a1 n s So t h e r e 1 3 .

t h e C h an n e l o f the S e a m ad e a n d th e Mo u n ,

t ai ns o f th e E art h ; h o w th e f ub ter r an e o u s C a
y iti es we r e m ad e acco i di n g to t h e fe Au t h o rs ,

I do n o t w e ll k n o w Th i s I c on fel s fe e m s to
.
,

m e a v e ry g r o fs Th o ug h t ari d a w ay o f w m k ,

i n g v ery ti n G o d lik e 5 b u t h ow e wcr l e t s h v e

’
-
, a

P ati en c e to e x ami n e i t .

A N D i n th e fii fi Pl ac e 1 ? the Mo u n ta i n s ,

w e r e t ak e n o u t o f th e C h an n e l o f th e S e a ,

t h en t h e y ar e e qu a l to it an d wou ld fi l l it u p
‘

i f t h e y w e r e t h r o w n i n a g a i n Bu t t h e l e Pr o .

p o rti o n s u p on Ex a m i n ati o n w ill n o t ag r e e ; fo r

t hou g h th e Mo un t ai n s o f th e E ar t h b e v e y 1

BO O K I Q g i ei f ,
gr eat yet t h ey do n o t equ al by m u c h th e gr eat
,

O c e an Th e O c e an e xt e n ds to h alf th e S ur fac e
.

o f th e E art h ; a n d i f fu f th e g r e ateft
y o u pp o e

D e pt h of th e O c e an to an fw e r th e H ei g h t o f th e
r eate lt Mo u n t a i n s an d t h e m iddl e D e pt h to th e
’
g
midd le fo rt o f Mo u n t ai n s th e Mo u n t ai n s o u gh t
'
,

to c o v e r a ll t h e dry L an d to m a k e t h e m an fwer
”

t o a ll th e C ap acity o f th e O c e an ; w h e r e as w e

fu pp o s d t h e m u p o n a r e afo n ab le C o m p u t ati o n
’

t o c o v e r b u t th e t en t h P art o f th e dry L a n d ;

an d co n fe u e n tly n e it h e r t h e y n o r t h e S e a
q
C h an n e l c o u ld h av e b e e n p r o du c d i n t h is m an
’

n e r b e c au fe o f t h e i r gr e at D i f r o p o r ti o n to o n e
, p
an o t h e r An d th e fam e t h i n g a pp e ars i f w e co m
.
,

p ar e th e Mo u n t ai n s w it h th e A b yfs whi ch c o
'

v e r d th e E art h b efo r e t h is C h a n n el w as m ad e ;
’

fo r t h is C h an n e l b e i n g m ad e gr eat e n o u g h to
b

c o n t a i n all th e Ab yfs th e Mo u n tai ns t ak e n

,
,

o ut o f It m u tt a l fo b e e qu al to all th e Ab yfs ;
b u t th e Aggr eg at e o f th e Mou n t ai n s W 1 11 n ot
a n fw e r t h is by m an y D e g r ee s for fu pp o fe th e
Ab y fs w as b u t h al f as d ee p as th e d e ep O c e an ,

t o m ak e t h is C alc u l u s an fw e r al l th e dry L an d
, .

o u g h t t o b e c o v e r d w it h Mo u n t a i n s an d w it h
’

,
.

Mo u n t ai n s as hig h as th e O c e an is d e ep or , .

d o u bl e h ig h to th e D e pt h o f th e Ab yfs b e ,

c au fe t h e y a r e b u r up o n o n e h al f o f t h e G l o b e .

A n d t h is is th e fir li A rg u m e n t ag ai n lt th e R e ’

c i r o c al Pr o du é ti o n o f Mo u n t ai n s an d th e S e a
’
p ,

t h e ir In c o n g ru en c y o r D i lpr o po r ti o n .

S E C O ND L Y w e ar e to c o n fider t h at a g reat
,

ma n y Mo un t ai n s o f t h e Ear th ar e far difiant .

fr o m
 T/ e 77 3
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o th e E A R '
r H.

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.

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,
-

ti o n s : Tis a ll o n e Fr am e o r Mafs o n ly b r o
’

k e n a n d disj o i n t e d i n t h e P arts o f it To co n .

Tis n o t o n ly th e Mo u n t ai n s t h at m ak e
'

c lu de
’

t h e I n e q u al iti e s O f the E art h o r th e Ir r e u la r i

g ,

ty o f its S u r fac e c v er y C o u n try e v e ry Pr o vi n c e

, , ,

e v e ry Fi e ld h at h an u n eq u a l a n d di ffe r en t S i
,

h ig h e r o r l o w e r i n c l i n d m o r e o r l efs
’

t u ati o n , ,

a n d fo m e ti m es o n e w ay fo m e ti m e s an o t h e r ,

f t k e a Mil e s C o m a fs i n a n
’
a
y o u ca n ca r c e
p y ,

P l ac e w h e r e th e S u r fac e o f th e G r o u n d co n
t i n u es u n i fo r m ; a n d ca n y o u i m agi n e t h at ,

t h er e w e r e Mo u lds o r St o n es bro u g h t fr o m th e
S e a c h a n n e l to m ak e a ll t h o fe I n e q u aliti es ? O r
-

th at E art h q u a k es h av e b e e n i n e v e ry C o u n try

a n d i n e v e ry Fi e ld
?
Th e i n n e r V e i n s a n d L ar c s ,

t h e B e ds o r Str at a o f t h e E art h ar e a l fo br o k e n
'

a s w e l l as th e S u r fac e T h e fe m u ll pr o c e e d fr o m
.

u n i v e r fa l C a u fe s ; a n d a ll t h o fe t h at h av e b e e n .

a l l e dg d w h e t h e r fr o m Ph i lo fo p h y o r Th e o
’

l o gy a r e b u t p artic u l a r o r t o pic a l 1 am fu lly

,
.

fat i s fie d i n C o n t e m pl ati o n o f th e fe Th i n gs;

,

a n d lo I t h i n k e v e ry u n p r ej u di c d Pe r fo n m ay
’

b e t h at to fu ch a n irr e g u l a r V ari e ty o f Sit u a

,

ti o n an d C o n fi r u éti o n a s w e fe e e v e ry w h er e
,

i n t h e P arts o f t h e E art h n o t h i n g c o u ld an ,

l w e r b u t fo m e u n i v e r fa l C o n c u fii o n or D i fl o ca
t i o n i n t h e N at u r e o f a g e n e r a l R u i n
, .

”
W B h av e n o w fin i lh d t h is fir it P a rt o f o u r
’

Th eo ry a n d a ll t h at c o n c e r n s t h e D e l u g e o r
,

D i fib lu t io n o f th e E art h ; a n d w e h av e n Ot
o n ly c fl ab l i fh d o u r o wn H h fi by o fit i v e
’

yp o t e s p
Arg u
 T
he D
‘
e u e ar d
lg i wif oluti oa of the E a r th . 2z 9

Ar g u m en ts , b u t alfo pr o du c d an d e x ami n d a ll
’ ’

S u ppo fiti o n s t h at h av e b e en o fi er d by O t h ers ,

'
’
”

w h e th er Ph i lo fOph i cal o r Th eo lo g i cal,fo r th eEx ~

plic ati o n o f th e fam e t h i n gs ; (0 as n o t h i n g fee ms

n o w to r e m ai n fu rt h e r u p o n t h is Su b j e ét Fo r a .

C o n cl u fio n o f all, w e w ill co n fider , i f yo u pl e afe,

t h e r e fi o f th e E ar th s , o r o f th e Pl an e ts w it h in o u r
H eav en s, t h at app ert ai n to th e fam e c o m m o n
S u n 5 to fe e, (0 far as w e c an g o by r ati o n al C o n
'

j e fi u r es , i f t h ey b e fam e P abri e k
n o t o f th e, a n d
h av e u n d e rg o n e th e lik e F at e , an d F o r m s w it h
o u r E art h It is n o w ack n o w l e dg e d by th e g e
‘

n e r ali ty o f l e ar n e d Me n , t h at th e P l an e ts ar e

o p ak e B o di e s , an d p artic u l arly o u r n e xt N e ig h

b o u r, th e Moo n , is k n o w n t o b e a t e rr aq u e
o u s G l o b e , c o n fifii n g o f Mo u n t ai n s an d V a l

l e ys a s o u r E art h d o e s ; an d w e h av e n o R eai
(o n to b e li e v e , b u t t h at {h e c am e i n t o t h at
F o r m by a D i ffo lu ti o n , o r fr o m lik e C au fes ,
~
” ’

a s o u r E art h did Mer cury is (0 n ear th e Su n,

.
‘

t h at w e c an n o t w e ll di fc e r n h i s F ac e, w h et h er ‘

'
'

(p o tt e d o r n o, n o r m ak e a J ud g m en t o f it
’

B u t as fo r Venu s a n d Ma r s i f th e Sp o ts t h at
' c

b e o b fe r v d i n t h e m b e t h e ir
’

at e rs o r t h e ir
'

W
S e a, as t h e y ar e i n th e Mo o n, tis lik e ly t h e y ?
’

a r e a l fo t e rraq u eo u s Gl o b e s , an d i n m u c h
Wh at a l i k e F o r m w it h th e Mo o n , an d th e
'
"

E art h , a n d, fo r o u gh t w e k n o w , fr o m lik e
C au fe s P artic u l arly as to Venu s , tis a r e m ark 3
’
.

a bl e Pa lfa e t h at St
g A l t/ti n w
( e .C i t ) w et, .

[th viii ) h at h pr e fer v d o u t o f Va r r o : He

’

T
. .

fait h , Th at a hou t th e i me of the g r ea t YJ eZug e

the e wa s a w onde rful fi lter ati on or Ca ta/tr oph e '
r
h en d
Q
’

3 app
2 30 The Th eo j of r th e E AR r
'
H .

h alopen a to th e Pla net V e n u s a nd tha t jhe

’ (
,

t h an d h er Colour F or m F r e, a nd Ma ni
ig
’

g u , g ,
’
tu a e . Th is 1 3 a gr e at
Pr e fu m p ti o n t h at {h e fu f
fer d h er D i li o lu ti o n a b o u t th e fam e ti me t h at
’

o u r E art h did I do n o t k n o w t h at a n y fu ch
.

Th i n g i s r ec o rd e d co n cér n i 11 g an y o f th e Ot h e r
P lan e t s, b u r th e B o dy o f Ma r s l o o ks v ery r ug
e d br o k e n , an d m u c h d i fo r de r d
’

g , .

Sa tu r n an d y upi ter de fer v e a di li i né t C o n fi ’

,

d er ati o n, as h avi n g fo m e th i n g p artic u l ar an d di f

fer e n t fr o m th e r e lr o f th e P l an e ts ; Sa tu r n 1 s r e
‘
,

H
m ark abl e fo r h i s o o p o r R i n g wh ic h fe e m s to ,

h an d o ff, o r h ig :D
h e r t h an h i s B o dy , a n d w o u l d
fi r o n g ly i n du ce o n e to b e li e v e , t h at th e e x te e

r i o r E art h o f t h at P l an et , at its Dui ol u ti o n , did

n o t a ll fal l m , b u t t h e p o lar P arts li n ki n g i n t o

t h e Ab y fs , th e m iddl e o r e q u i no éi i al P arts fi i ll

f ub fifie d a n d b o r e th e m fe lv es u p i n th e N at u r e
,

o f a n A rc h a b o u t th e P l a n e t o r o f a Bridg e , as it
,

w e r e , b u ilt o v e r th e S e a o f S a turn A n d as fo m e .

h av e o b fer v d c onc e r n i n g th e Fig u r e o f y up i ter ,

’

t h at i t is n o t w h o l ly Sp h eric al, b u t a Sp h e r o id ,
p r o t u b e r an t i n t h e Eq u at o r , an d de r e fs d to
p
’

vyar ds th e P o l e s : S o I fh o u ld fu fpeét S atu r n to

h av e b e en mu c h mo r e (0 , b efo r e h i s D ifr u pti o n
N a m e ly , T h a t t h e B od y o f t h at P lan e t , i n i ts
fir fi St at e , w as m o r e fl at an d lo w t o w ards the
P o l e s , an d alfo w eak e r an d t h i n n e r ; an d abo u t
th e Eq u at o r h ig h e r, fu ller an d fl r o n g er b u i lt ;
B y r c a fo n o f w h ic h Fig u r e an d C o n fir u éti o n,
th e P o l a r P arts did m o r e e afi ly fall i n o r w e r e ,

f uc k t i n (as C u ppi n g G l aff e s dr a w i n t h e E le lh ) .

when the Ab yi s b elo w g rew mo r e e m pty

Wh er ea
 th e E A R 0
TH fl

p t I t ak e i ch s
to b e o

e i th er a a n d Hza ta s i n t o th e
'

Th at 1 3 p art o f th e Ab yfs
i k e th e Ap e rt u r e w e m ad e i n
th e S even 1 84 A n d t h is m ig h t .

e it h e r h av Pr o vid e n c e at firil for , ,

fo m e R e a fo n s a n d Ca u fes fitti n g t h at E ar t h O r .

it m ay h av e fall e n 1 11 a ft e r w ards as Tla ta 5 At: ,

’

l a n tzs Sodom an d Gomor r a b , fo r fo m e

'

, or as

J u dg m e n t u po n p art of th at Wo rld .

To c o n cl u d e fe e i n g al l th e Pl anets t h at ar e
,

l ac d i n t h is H e av e n an d ar e th e Po tte r C h il
’

p
-
,

dr e n o f t h is Su n fe ern to h ave fo m e Affin it y

,
“
o n e Wit h a n o t he r a nd h av e m u c h w h at th e
,

i am e C o u n t e n an c e an d th e fa m e g e n e r al T
, he
a amena ; it fe em s pro b a b le t h at th e y ri fe m u c
'
’

h ,

Wh at t h e fam e w ay an d aft er the lik e m an ,

n e r as o u r E art h eac h o n e fr o m its r efp e a i v e

C h ao s an d t h at t h ey h ad th e fa me E le m e n l
,
"
t ary R e gi o n s at f ull an d a n ex te r i o u r O r b
,

fo rm d o v e r t h e ir A b yfs
' ’

a n d l aii l
y T h a t ,

ev e ry o n e o f t h e m h at h fu ffer d o r is to fu f
’

.
,

fer 1 ts D e l ug e as o u r E art h h at h d ong

, Th e fe ,

I fay ar e pr o b abl e C o n j ectu r es acco rdi n g to

,

t h e A n al o gy o f R e a fo n an d N at u r e (0 far as ,

w e c an j u dg e c o nc e r n i n g T h i n gs v e ry r em o t e
and i n acc e fii b l e .

A ND t h i ngs b ei n g t h u s and ou r Th e
th e fe ,

o r y o f t h e D e l u g e; a n d th e D i ifo lu ti on wh ic h

b 1 o ug h t it h avi n g fu c h a g en er al Agreemen t
,

b O th w it h o u r H e av e n s a n d o u r E art h I t hin k ,

t h e r e 1 3 n o th i n g b ut th e U n co u th n efs of th e
Th i n g to fo m e Men s U n der fl an di ngs th e ’

G u flom
Th and s fl /
b a ti oa o tb e
’

e fi elztg e f E ar th . 2 33

G u fio m th i n ki n g o th er wi fe an d th e U n
of ,

e afin e fs o f e n t r i n g i n t o a n e w fe t o f T h o u gh ts :

t h at c an b e a Bar o r Hi ndr an c e to its R e c ep

ti o n Bu t it m ay b e i m pr o v t d o u bt n o t
.
’

i n m an y R e fp ea s an d i n fo m e P artic u l ariti e s
,

r e a i fie d. Th e f ull Att em pts i n gr e at Th i n gs

ar e fe ldo m o r n e v e r p e r fe ét S u c h is th e Weak
n e fs o f o u r U n de r i tan di n g s a n d th e w an t o f
’
,

a fu ll N at u r a l H i fio r y An d i n a ifig n i n g C au fes
.

o f fu c h gr e at E ffeéts fair C o n jeCtu r es ar e to

,

b e allo w d ti l l t h e y b e di fp lac d by o t h ers m o r e

’ ’

e vid e n t a n d m o r e c ert ai n A c c o r di n g l y I r ea
.

dily fu b m i t to th efe Ter m s an d l eav e t h is an d

, ,

a ll o t h e r P arts o f th e T h eo ry to fur t h er Ex ,

am i nati o n a nd E n q u iri es .
'

2 36 The Th ory f
e o the E AR TH .

p e r fe ét D e fc r ip ti o n of t h at Pr i m atVal Eatth J o
far as w as n e c effa r y t o {h e w th e C au fes an d Ma n
n er o f its D i iTo lu t i o n Bu t w e m u fi n o t c o n t e n t
.

o ur fe lv e s w it h t h is 5 fe e i n g t h atEar th w as t h e fir i t
’

Th eatr e u p o n w h ich Mo rt als ap pear d an d atte d, ’

a n d c o n ti n u d ( o fo r a b o v e fix te e n h u n dr e dY ear s ;
’

a n d t h at w it h Sc e n e s , as b o t h R e afo n an d Hi lto

r y t e l l u s , v e ry e xtr ao rdi n ar y an d v e ry di ffe re n t

fr o m t h e fe o f o u r pr e fen t E art h , tis r e a fon ab l e

’

w e ih o u ld e n d e av o u r to m a k e a m o r e fu ll D i f
c o v e r y an d D e fc r i pt i o n o f it 5 e fp e c i all y fe e i n g

T a m a zfe w as t h e r e ; t h at S e at o f Pl e afu r e w hic h

’ ’

o u fir i t P ar en t s 10 9 1 , a n d w h ic h al l th e ir P o ll e
’

r
my h av e m u ch ado to find aog ai n .

I N th e F i r fi B o o k w e fo far de fc r i b d t h is
n e w fo u n d W
o r ld , as t o {h e W it v e r y d i fi c
’

r en t i n F o r m a n d Pa bri e k fro m th e pr e fen t

E art h , t h er e w as n o S e a t h e r e , n o Mo u n t ai ns ,
n o r R o cks , n o r br o k e n C a v e s , t w as a ll o n e
’

c o nti n u e d an d r eg u l ar Mafs , fm o o th fim p le ,

W
“

a n d c o m p l e a t , as th e fir ft o rks o f N at u r e

u fe t o b e Bu t to k n o w t h u s m u c h o n ly , d o t h
'

r at h e r excit e o u r C u r i o fity t h an fati s fy it ; W h at

w e r e th e o t h e r Pr o p e rti e s o f t h is o r ld W
Ho w w er e th e H eav en s , h o w th e El e m e n ts ?
W h at A cc o m m o d ati o n fo r H u m an L i fe Wh y
w as 1 t m o r e pr o p e r to b e th e S e at o f P a r a dzfe
' '

‘ ~

t h an th e p r e fen t E art h 9 U n le fs w e k no w
th e fe Th i ng s , y o u w ill fay, it w ill (ee m b u t?
’

a n e af
y Id ea t o u s ; a n d tis c er t ai n t h at th e
’

m o re Pr o p erti e s an d P artic u l ariti es t h at w e

k n o w c o n c e rn i n g an y t h in g, th e m o r e r e al i t
app ears to b e .
Concer ni ng the Pr i m E a r th , z 37
'

s it w as o u r C h i e f D efi g n th er efo r e i nthe

A
.

pre c eden t B o ok to giv e a n A cc o u n t o f th e U

,

n i v e r fal D e l u g e by w ay o f a Th eo ry ; fo we
, .

r O ofe to o u r fe lv e s c h i e fly i n t h is B o o k fr o m :
p p ,

t h e fa m e T h e o ry to giv e a n Acc o u n t o f Pa r a
‘
-
,
f
a z e an d i n p e r fo r m i n g o f t h i s w e {h all b e l ed 1 n
’
fil , ,

t o a m o r e fu ll E x a m i n ati o n a n d D i fp lay o f t h at ,

fir it E art h an d o f its Qi a li ti e s An d i f w e b e
'

, .
,

(0 h appy as by th e C o n du é t o f th e fam e Pri n

’
, ,

c i l e s a n d th e fa m e Me t h o d to giv e as fa ir a n
p , ,
.

A cc o u n t a n d as i n t e lligibl e o f th e St at e o f ? fl
,

r a az e i n t h at O rigi n al E art h as w e h av e d o n e
'

f ,

o f th e D e l u g e by t h e D i ifo l u ti o n o f 1 t a n d o f ,

t h e F o r m o f th 1 s E a rt h w h ic h fu c c e e ded o n e ,

m u it b e ve ry m o r o fe o r m e l an c h o ly to i m a
gi n e t h at th e G ro u n ds w e g o u p o n all t h is
, ,

w h il e a r e w h o lly fal fe o r fiéti ti o u s A F o u n da

, .

ti o n w h ic h w ill b ear th e We ig h t o f two Wo rlds '

.

w it h o u t li n ki ng m u tt fu r e l y {l an d u po n a fit m
,

R o ck An d I a m ap t to p r o m i fe m y {e lf t h a t
.

this Th eo r yo f th e E art h w ill fin d A cc e pt an c e

a nd C r e dit m o r e o r l e fs , w it h a ll b u t t h o fe ,

t h at t h i n k it a fu ffici en t An fw er to all Argu

m en ts to fay i t i s a N a v e/t]
, , .

B U T t o pr o c e e d i n o u r D i fq u i fiti o n c o n
c er n i n g fPa r a a z/e w e m ay n o t e i n t h e fir it Pl ac e
’
, ,

t w o O pi n i o n s t o b e av o i de d b e i n g bo rh e x ,

(r e am s ; o n e t h at p l ace th P a r a de h (
/e i n t e ex

t ra m un d an e R egi o n s o r i n th e A i r o r i n th e
'

Mo o n ; an d th e o t h e r t h at m ak es i t (o i n co n
, ,

fide r a b l e a s to b e co n fin d t o a l ttl e S p o t
’

,
1

o f G r o u nd i n Mejhp ota mza o r fo m e o t he r

' ’

,
z

Coun t r o f Af a t h e E ar th b ei n g n o w a s i t
y , ‘

1 4
was t h e n Th is o ffe n ds as m u ch i n th e D efeft
’

.
,

as th e o t h e r i n th e E x c e fs F o r it is n o r a n y fiu gl e
.

R e gi o n o f th e E art h t h at c an b e
u n le fs a ll N at u r e co n f i r e a n d a cer tai n O rd er
p ,

of T h i n gs pr o p e r a n d p e c u l i ar fo r t h at St at e .

N o r is it o f le fs I m p o rt an c e to fin d o u t t h is p e
c u l i ar O rd e r o f T h i n gs t h an to fin d o u t th e
,

r tic u l ar S e a t o f T a r aolz u t r at h e r
fi
'

p a b p r’
e te -

u i fite to it : We w i ll e n d eav o u r t h e r e fo r e to di f
,

q
c o v e r an d d e t e r m i n e b o t h fo far as a T h e o ry ca n
'

g o , b e gi n n i n g w it h t h a t w h ic h is m o r e g e n e r a l .

'

Tr s c ert ai n t h e r e w e r e fo m e Qraliti es an d
C o n diti o n s o f Ta r a a zfe t h at w e r e n o t m e e tly
’
' '

t o pic al b ut c o m mo n to all th e r eit o f th e

,
:

E arth at t h at Ti m e ; an d th e fe w e m u i t co n fi ’

der i n th e fir it P la c e e x am i n e w h at t h e y w er e
‘

, ,

a n d u p o n w h at t h e y d ep en d e d Hi fio ry b o r h .
‘

S acr e d an d Pr o fan e m u i r t e ll u s w h at t h ey
,
’

w e r e an d o u r Th eo ry m u ll fb e w u s u p o xr
,

w h at C au fes t h e y d ep en d ed I h ad o n c e I c o n
'

.
,

fc fs p r o p o s d to m y (e lf an o t h e r Me t h o d i h
’

, ,

de p en d en t u po n Hi fto r y o r E ffeéts ; I t h o u g h t to
’ -

h av o c o n ti n u e d th e D e fc r i ptio n o f t h e Pri m itiv e

'

o r an t e dil u vi an E art h fr o m th e C o n t e m p lati o n

o f i ts C au fe s o n ly an d t h e n l eft it t o th e
,

J u dg m e n t o f o t h er s to d et e rm i n e; w h et h er
t h at w as n o t th e E art h w h er e th e Go ld en
A g e w as p ail an d w h e r e Ta r a a ife fl o o d F o r
,
’
.

I h ad o b fer v d t h r ee C o n diti o n s o r C h arac

'

t e rs o f it w h ic h I t h o u g h t w er e fu ffic ie nt to
,
‘

a n fw e r a ll t h at w e k n e W c o n c er n i ng t h at '

fir lt St at e o f Th i n gs v i z T he
'

i ts Sarfa ee 5 T
, .

“
h e Si tua ti on or
I
 T
h T
‘

he
f
eory o the E A R TH.
h av e t ak e n N o tic e o f all th e fe i n th e fir fn Es
o f th e Wo r ld, o r i n t h e ir g o/deh
n
‘

, as ft h ey

c all it ; an d I do n o t d o u bt b u t w h at t h e y a fc r i b e
t o th e g o ld en Ag e, w as m o r e r e m ark a bly tr u eo f

Ta r a azfe ye t w as n o t fo p e c u li ar to it, b u t t h at
‘
’

i t did i n a g o o d m e afu r e e xt en d to o t h er P arts

o f th e E a rt h at t h at T i m e An d tis m an i fe ft t h at
’

t h eir g o lden Ag e w as c o n t em p o rary w it h o u r a l T

fo r t h ey m ak e it b egi n i m m e di a t e ly aft e r
t h e Pr é d a éti o n a n d I n h a bit ati o n o f th e E art h
as w e l l as Mo es , t ai fe fr o m t h e
'

f
C h ao s) and to d eg e n e r at e b y d egr ee s till th e D e
l u g e , w h en t h e Wo rld e n d ed , a nd b eg u n ag ai n
.
.

TH A T t h is P ar all e l m ay th e b ett er app ear,

w e m ay Ob fer v e, t h at as w e fay th at t h e Wh o l e
-

E art h was , i n : fo m e Sen fe, Par ad1 f ac al i n th e

fir fi Ag e s of th e W o rld , a n d t hat t h e r e w as ,
'

b efides , o n e R egi o n o r P o rt i on o f 1 t t h at w as
p e c u li arly (0 , an d b o r e t h e D e no m i n ati o n o f
-

T a r a a z e ; S o th e An ci en ts , b e fi de t h e ir g o ld
’
f
’

e n A ta e , w h ic h w as c o m m o n to a ll t h e E art h ,
’

g
n o t e d fo m e P a rts o f it t h at w e r e m o r e g o ld e n ,
‘

i f I m ay fo fay, t h an th e r e fi, an d w h ic h did m o r e
.

T
p artic u larly an fw e r to a r a a ife ; as t h e ir E ljfia a
’

Fi elds , Fo r t u n at e Ifl an ds , G arden s of He/jber zaes , ’

A lci nous , é e th e fe h ad a d o u bl e P o rti o n o f

v
.

Ple a fan tn e fs, an d, b e frde th e Adv a n t ag e s w h ic h

t h e y h ad c o m m o n w it h th e t ell of th e E ar t h at
t h at Ti m e h ad fo m e th i n g pro p e r an d fing u lar ,
,

wh ic h g av e t h em a difi in ét C o n fider ati o n an d

C h ar afte r fr o m th e r e ft .
’

N
H A v 1 G m ad e t h i s O b fer v ati o n , l e t u s pr o
c e ed, an d fee wh at An tiq u ity fa it h , c o n c e r n i n g

t h at
 th a t fir i t an d Par adi fiacal St at e o f Th i n gs u p o n
’
,

t h o fe t h r ee Heads fo r e me ntio ne d ; F i r i t t h at
’
,

t h ere was a p e rpet u al Spri ng an d c o u fian t Se re ,

m ity o f th e A i r Th is is o ft e n r e p e at e d by th e ah
‘

c i en t P o ets i n th e ir D e fc r i pti o n o f th e go ld en
,

Wm a li as e mandi

Ver zl/a d er at, Ver mag ma s a eh t

'

g a
-

Or hzlr, é hj hemi s f ar eehaat fl a tzha s E arz

' '

" ‘
.

ch a s ou r

F OR I in ter pr e t th i s m t h e fam e Senfe Wi th

'

O f/i d s Ve r fes o f th e g o lden Ag e

‘ '

tepm tzhas a ar zs
’

fi
'

ratfl e or es .

(blew ,

Rai r dw i thoat S eed F lo

w r s a lway s fweet a dd
’ ’

(new .

c A N t h en u p o n
D th e Expir ati o n o f th e g ol -
a

l d en Ag e h e fays
‘

, ,

Bo o x II . .
%4 z Th e Th eo ) of the E A R T H
, r '
:

[f /ye
f n ho an h e eh a n d the T
’

o ve
g t o r oz a
g g ea r , ,

a r S ea ons ma de a p ea r
p gf
one a r i n o f p .

THE An ci en ts fu ppos d
t h at i n th e R e ig n o f ’

Sa tu r n w h o w as ari an t edil u vi an Go d as I m ay
, ,

fo c a l l h i m Ti m e fio w d w it h a m o r e e v e n Mo
’

t i o n a n d t h e r e w as n o D i v er fity o f Se a fo n s i n
,

b u t j zzp i ter t h e y fay fir i t i n tr o du c d

’

t h e Y e ar
’
, , ,

t h at w h e n h e c am e to m an ag e Affairs Th is i s
,
.

e xp r eft aft e r t h e ir w ay w h o fe ldo m giv e a n y ,

fev e r e an d ph i lo fo ph i c al Acc o u n ts o f th e C h a n
o f N at u r e A n d as t h e y fu d t h is ’

er
g es .
pp o s p
e tu al Spri n g 11 1 t h e G o ld e n Ag e fo t h e y di d
p ,

a l fo i n t h e ir p rtic u l ar E s I c o u ld
a hf a m r a ,

ib e w l ar g e ly fr o m t h e ir A u t h o rs i f it w o u ld
'

n or m
,

u ltiply C ita ti o n s t o o m u c h Tis tr u e .

’

t h e ir Elyf onts r e lp eét e d th e n e w H e av e n s an d

/
‘
,

n e w E art h to c o m e r at h e r t h an t h e p ait ;
,
but
t h ey a re b o th fr am d u p o n th e fam eMo d e l and
’

h av e c o m m o n P ro p e rti es .

TH E C h r i iti an A u t h o rs h av e n o le fs c ele
br are d th e p er pet u al Spri n g an d S e r e n ity o f
t h e H e av e ns i n T a ra dz e ; fu ch E x r e fl i o n s o r
f p
D e fc r i pti o n s y o u w ill fin d 1 n j afizn Ma r tj r ~
,

S B afil ma ma/ Z en Jfidor e Hijp a lenf r D e

.
, , ,
(

G r a t p z rn h orn an d o t h e rs i n lo m u ch t h at
r

B ella r mi ne I r e m e m
.
,
. .
”

b er r e fl efti n g u p o n th o fe
, ,

C h ar acte rs o f Ta r ot/fi w h ic h m an y o f th e e
,

F at h e rs h av e giv en i n th efe R c fpeéts fait h , ,

S u c h Th i n gs c ou ld n o t b e u n le fs th e S u n h ad ,

t h e n a n o t h e r C o u r fe fr o m w h at h e h at h n o w ;
or wh i c h is m o r e e a h E rt
fy t e a h ,
24 4 . The T
h eory of the E A R r a : '

th e w h o le Y ear ; an d fan cy ar n:
t h at m ad e ’

em T
a ife to l i e u n d e r th e E q u i n o a i al ; as w e {h al l
’

fe e i n its du e P l a c e Ti s tr u e, w e do n o t fin d
.
’

th e fe T h i n gs m e n ti o n d ex pr e fl y i n th e S acr e d
’

Writi ngs , b u t th e Effeéts t h at fio w d fr o m e m ' ’

a r e r e c o rd e d t h e r e, a n d w e m ay r e afo n ab l y fu
p
c i d e n c e to h av e fo r e fe en , th at w h en th o fe
p o r o v

E fl efi s c a me to b e fcan d an d n arro w ly l oo k _d i n
’
’ ’

to, t h e y w ou ld l e ad u s to a D i fco v er y o f th e
~

C au fe s, and p artic u l arly o f t h is gr e at a n d g e n e

r al C au fe , t h at er e tu a l E nznox an d U n ity o f
p p q
S ea fo n s 1 n th e Y e a r , til l th e D e l u ge he Lon T
i f h A t di l vi n s c an n o t b e expl ai n d
’

g e v ty o t e n e u a

u p o n an y o t h e r Su o fition , as w e {hall h av e O c
pp
c ali o n to fl1 e w h e r e after , an d t h at yo u k n ow i s
'

r ec o rd e d c ar e fu l ly 1 n S cript u r e As al fo t h at t h e r e
.

w as n o R a i nbow b efo r e th e Fl o o d w h ic h g o es
u p o n th e fa m e G r o u n d th at t h e r e w as no V ari ,

e ty o f S e afo n s , n o r a n y Rai n : An d t h is by m an y

is t h o u g h t to b e u n der fl oo d by ofier 5 Wo rd s, M ’

Gen ii 5 , 6 w h ich h e (p eaks o f th e fir ft an d

. . .
’

Par adi li acal E art h L afi ly, S e ei ng t h e E arth

.

t h en bro u g h t fo r th t h e Pri n cip le s o f L i fe an d

a ll livi n g C r e at u r e s ( Man e xc ept ed ) acc o rd
i n g to Mofer , Gen i 2 4 w e m ufi fu pp o fe t h at
. . .

t h e Sta t e o f t h e He av en s w as fuc h as fa v o ur d
'

t h e fe C o n c e pti o n s a n d Birt h s , w h ic h c ou l d
n o t p o ll i b ly b e br o u g h t to Per fe éti o n , as th e

S e afo n s o f th e Y e ar ar e at p r e fen t Th e fir fi .

ti m e t h at w e h av e m en ti o n m ade i n S crip
t u r e o f S u m m e r a n d Wi n t e r , a n d t h e D i fie
’

r e n e e s o f S e a fo n s , is at t h e e n d i n g o f t h e D e

l u g e, Ge n v iii z z Hentefi r w ar d a ll th e n r
_
’

. . .

f
o
 Com erning the Tr i mEa r th , and fPar a a i e
fi .
’
. 24 5

E r th Seed ti me anal Ha r wefi , Hea t a nd

th e
f
'

o a
Cold, Snrnrne d hl/ i nter , fl ay a nal Ng h t /h a ll ‘
'

r a n

n ot oea e f . “
Ti s tru e th efe
f o l ax, Wo rds are

t h att h ey m ay b e u n derfl ood e ith e r o f a n e w .

C o u r fe of N at u r e th e n i n fii tu te d, 1 to r (i f a n
'
r

o ld on e r efio r d ; b u t fe e i n g it do r h app ear fro m

’

o t he r Arg u me n ts an d C o n fide r ati o n s t h a t t h e r e ,

w as at t h at ti m e a n ew C o u r fe o f N atur e i eo n
'

fl i tu ted, it is m o r e r e afo nab le to i n t erpret the

W o rds i n that S en fe w h ic h , as n 1 5 agr ee a
-
’

,
1 -

b le to Tr u t h , a c co rdi n g to R e afo n and A n ti

q u i ry (0 it r e n d e rs t h at R e m ark o f y o f M
far gr e at er Im p o rt an ce , i f n b e u n de tfio o d as
a n In dic ati o n o f a n e w O rd e r t h en fe ttl e d 1 n
'

“
N at u re, w h ic h lh o u ld c o n ti n u e h e n c efo r war ds
' ’

{0 l o n g as the E art h e n du r d N o r d o I ; ar a l l
'
’
,
. . .

Wo n d er th at fu ch t h i n gs lh o u ld n o t b e e x pr e fl y
‘

a nd pol i ti v e ly d ec lar d i n Script u r e ; for N at u r al

’

Myfie ri es i n the H o ly Writi n gs, as we l l as Pr o

h e ti c al; are man yt i m e s , o n fe r P a t o( e , i n c o rri
p p
l at ly de li vet d, ( 0 as to a w a k e n a n de x c i t e o ut
’ ’

p e

T h o ughts r at he r t h an fu lly r e fo lv e t h e m e T h is
'

b ei ng o ften m o r e fu i tab le to t h e De fig n s o f Pro

'

v i den c e 1 11 th e G o v e r n m e n t o f th e Wo r ld Bu t
t h u s m uc h fo r t h is fir lt c o m m o n o r g e ne r a l C h a .

r a éter o f th e G o ld en Ag e , a n d o f a r a i li
f T
e
, a
er etua l er eni t y a n d r etua l E u i nox
p p p p e
q .

TH E fe co n d C har acte r is the L o ng e v i ty o f

'

Me n , an d, as is pr o babl e , o f alln Ot h e r A n i
m als 111 Pr o po rt i o n Thi s ; m eth i n ks , i s as
.

fir ang e : a n d fu r pr ifin } as n th e g
’

llm o wmo Di ff e r e nce b etw ixt th e A ntedi lhv i an

‘

W
‘

ld h fl a b to afi e
’

d f é
'
‘
o r t e t , [ t s, i t
a n
p r e e n o p u v
.
_

ar m R 3 we
24 6 .
Th Th eory f
e o th e E AR
w e r efl eét up o n it, as t h is w o n d e r fu l D i fpr o po r
ti o n i n t h e Ag e s o f Me n ; o u r F o re fat h e rs an d
t h e ir Po fier i ts h ey l iv d (e v e n , e ig h t n i n e h u n ’

dr ed Y e ars an d u p w ards , a n d tis a w o n d e r n o w ’

i f a Man liv e to o n e h u n dr ed O u r O aks do n o t .

l alh fo l o n g as t h e ir B o di e s did St o n e a n d Ir o n
w o uld fc ar c e o u t w e ar t h e m A n d t h is Pr o p e rty .

o f th e fir ltAg e s , o r t h e ir I n h a bit a n ts h o w fi r an g e ,

fo ev e r is w e ll atte fie dj a n d b e y o n d a l l E x c ep ti
,

o n , h avi n g t h e j o i n t C o n fe n t o f S acr e d a n d Pr o

fan e Hi fto r y Th e S cript u r e fets d o w n t h e p r e

.

c i fe Ag e o f a S e ri e s o f A n t e dil u v i a n P atri arc h s ,

'

a n d by t h at m e a fu r es th e T i m e fro th e b egi n m
n i n g o f t h e Wo rld to t h e D e l u g e ; fo as a ll .

S acr e d C h ro n o lo gy fi an ds u po n t h at b o tt o m
'

Y e t I k n o w fo m e h av e th o u g h t t h is fo i m p r o
b ab le an d i n c o n gru o u s a Th i n g , t h at to fav e
t h e C r e dit o f Mofer an d th e S acr e d Hifior y,
' '

'

t h e y i n t e rpr et t h e fe Y e ars o f L u nar Y ears o r

Mo n t h s ; a n d {o th e Ag e s o f t h e le P atri arc h s ~

ar e r edu c d to m u c h w h at th e fa m e m e a fu r e
’

w it h t h e c o m m o n L i fe o f Man
It rn a y b e o b fer v d i n t h is , as i n m an y o th er
‘
'
'
'

In fian ce s , t h at fo r w an t o f a Th eory to m ak e
Th i n g s c r e di b l e an d i n t e lligibl e ; Men o f Wi t
.

a nd Parts h av e o ft e n d ep r e lt t h e S e nfe o f S c r i p

t u r e ; an d t h at n e t o u t of a n y ill W ill to Scrip

‘
.

r a r e o r R e ligi o n , b u t b e c a ufe t h e y c o u l d n o t
‘
-
. -

o th c nwi fe , u p o n t h e cS to c k jo f th e i r N o ti o n s ,
'

'

giv e them fe lv e s a r ati o n al A c co u n tlo fdl h i n g s

'

r ec o rd e d t h e r e Bu t ho p e wh e n we r co me to
.
'

e x pl ai n t h e C au fe s o f i th i s L o n e i i t ,:w e 4
g y h a ll r
'

{h ey t h at i t i s galto g e th er as ftta ng e a Th i hg
'

. ’ -

th at
24 s .

fro m h er m o r e e afily an d m o r e p u re , lik e th e fir fi

r u n n i n g o f th e G r ap e , or th e H o n e y c o m b 5 b u t
-

n o w {h e m ut tb e p r efi an d fq u e ez d, an d h er Pr o
'

d u étio ns ta il e m o r e o f th e Ear th an d o f b i tte r n e fs .

Th e an ci e n t P o ets h av e o ft en p le as d th e m fe lv es
’

i n m aki n g D efc r i pti o n s o f th 1 s h app y St at e a nd ,

i n ad m iri n g th e Riche s a n d L ib er ality o f N at u r e

a t t h at T i m e ; b ut w e n ee d n o t tr an fcr i b e t h e ir
P o e try her e, fe e i n g t h is P o i n t 1 5 n o t, I th i n k ,co n
t cfie d b y an y T . h e fec o n d P art o f t h is Ch ar aCter ,
c o nc e r ni n g th e fpo n tan e o u s Origi n o f l ivi n
g
C r eat u r e s o u t o f th at fir fiE ar th , IS n o t (0 u n q u e f
t i o n ab le , and a s to Man , Mojes pl ai n ly i m pli e s ,
t ha t t h er e w as a p artic u l ar ACti o n o r Mi n i ltr y ’

o f Pr o vid e n c e i n th e F or m ati o n o f h i s Bo d
y 5
b u t as to O t h e r An i m als , h e fee ms to f ppo fe
u
t h at the E art h b r o u h t t h e m fo rt h as i t did
g
Herbs a nd P l an ts (Gen i 2 4 c o m par d w it h
. . . .
’

t he n th
V er fe ). An d th e T r ut h i s , t h e r e i s
n o fu ch gr e at D iffe r e n ce b e t w ixt V e g :
et abl e

a n d Ani ma l Eg s , o r b et w ix t th e S e e ds o u t of
g
w h i c h P la n ts ri fe , a n d th e Eggs o u t o f w h ic h
a ll An i m al s ri fe , b u t t h a t w e m ay c o n c e iv e
the o n e as w ell as th e o t h e r i n the fir ft E art h
A n d as fo m e W a r m t h a n d I n fl u e n c e fr o m th e

Su n 15 r eq u ir e d for th e V ege t ati on o f S e e ds , fo

that I n flue n c e o r I m p r e g n ati on , wh 1 ch is n e
ce ar y to m a k e An i m al Eggs fi
'

fi r u i tfu l , w as

p a t e d by th e Anci e n ts to th e w th er , o r to
m
.

an ae ti ve an d p u r e E le e n t wh ic h had th e fam e
E if e ét upo n o ur g reat Mo t h e r th e E arth , as
t h e Ir r a di a ti o n o f th e M a le h a t h u p o n t h e

F m l Eg s
’

ea e s
g .
Concer ning th e fir i m E a r th, a nd f ar adi e 2 4 91
’
.
f . .

Q/ E th ert
(
’
Conjng i : i n g r emi nrn la tte deftena i t .

th e
Into th e B ofom

’
TI 3 tr u e t h is O pi n i o n o f th e fpo n tan enus
,

O rigi n o f A n i m als i n th e fir lt E a rt h h at h l ai n un
’
~

de r fo m e Odi nrn b e cau fe it w as c o m m o n ly r eck

,
a '

o n d to b e E ic u r u s s O pi n i o n p e c u li ar l y an d
’ ’

p .

h e ex t en d e d it n ot o n ly to all Br u t e C r e at u r e s
, ,

b u t to Man ki n d al fo w h o m he fu ppo s d to g r o w
’

o u t o f th e E art h i n gr e at N u m b e rs i n fe v er al ,

rts tr e s lik e o t h e r An i mals w h ic h

P a a n d C o u n i ,

is a N o ti o n co nt r ary to th e Sacre d Writi n g s 5 fo r

th e y de cl ar e t h at all Ma n ki nd th o ug h di fi us d
'
’

, ,

n o w t h ro u g h th e fev er a l P ar ts and R e gi ons o f

the E ar th r o l e at fis h fr o m o n e He ad o r li n gl e
,

Man o r Wo m an ; wh ich is a C o n elu fio n o f gr eat

I m p o rt an ce an d t h at c o u ld not I th i n k by th e
-

, ,

L ig h t o f Na t u r e h av e e v e r been di fco v er d
’

.
,

An d t h is m ak e s th e Epi cur ean O pi n i o n th e mo r e

i m pro b abl e for w h y {h o u ld two ri fe o n ly if
, ,

t h ey (pr u n g fro m the Earth a O r h o w c o ul d

th e y r i fe i n t h e ir fu l l G r o wt h and Pe r fec tio n ,

a s Adam a n d E v e di d ? But as fo r th e O pi n i o n

o f An i m al s t i li n o t f t h E art h t fi rfi t h at
g u o e a ,

w as n e t at all pe tu liar to Ep i t nr nt Th e Stoi cks t

w e r e o f the fa m e Mi nd an d th e T , j t hag or e o n r
an d th e Eg ypti ans an d Ithi nk al l th at l u ppo s d
’

, ,

th e E art h to ri fe no m a C h ao s Ne it h e r do
.

I k no w an y h ar m i n that Op in io n i f d uly li ,

m i ted
 Th e Theory of the E APQTH J
'
’ ‘
-
.

m ir e d t d 5 fo r w h at I n c o n v eni e nce is i t
an d Ra e ,

o r w h at Di m i n u ti o n o f Pr o vid e n c e t h at t h e r e ,

{h ou ld b e th e Pri n cipl e s o f L i fe as w e ll as th e ,

Pri n ci pl e s o f V e g et ati o n i n th e n ew E art h ? An d

,

u n le fs y o u fu pp o fe a ll th e fir lt A n i m a ls as w e l l
“
,

a s th e fir fi Ma n t o h av e b e e n m ad e at o n e Str o k e
, ,

i n t h e ir fu ll G r o w t h a n d Pe r feéti o n w h ic h w e
‘

h aVe n e it h e r R e afo n n o r A u t h o rity fu fii c i e n t to

b e li ev e ; i f t h ey w e re m ad e y o u n g littl e an d , ,

w e ak as t h ey c o m e n o w i n t o th e Wo rld t h e r e
, ,

fe e m s to b e n o w ay fo r t h e ir Pr o du éti o n m o r e
pr o p e r an d d e co ro u s t h an t h at t h ey {h o u ld
, ,
'
-

fp r i n g fr o m t h e ir gr e at Mo t h e r t h e E art h L afily .
,

c o n fid e r i n g th e i n n u m e r ab l e l ittl e C r e at u r e s t h a t

a r e u p o n th e E art h I u fe éi s an d cr e epi n g T h i n gs ;
‘

a n d t h at th e fe w e r e n o t cr e at e d o u t o f n o t h i n g ,

b u t fo r m d o u t o f th e G r o u n d 5 I t h i n k t h at
' ’ ‘
'

a n O ffic e m o lt pr o p e r fo r N at u r e t h at c an fe t ,

fo m an y H an ds t o w o rk at o n c e ; an d t h at h at h
H an ds fit fo r a ll th o fe littl e O p e r ati o n s o r Ma .

n u faétu r e s h o w fm all fo ev e r
, t h at w o u ld l e fs
,

b e c o m e th e Dig n ity o f S u p e ri o r A g e n ts .

THU S mu c h fo r th e Pr e li m i n ari es o r t h r ee ,

g en e r a l C h ar aéter s o f Ta r a nijk w h ich w e r e ’

,

s c om m o n to it w it h th e r elt o f th e Pri m aev al

’

E art h ; an d wer e t h e c h i ef I n gr e di e n ts o f th e
G o ld e n Ag e fo m u c h c e l e br at e d by th e A n ci
'

e n ts . I kn o w t h e r e w e r e fev er al o t h e r D i f
fe re n c e s b e t w ixt t h at E art h an d t h is b u t t h e le
a r e th e O rigi n a l ; an d f uc h as ar e n o t n e c e ffar y

to b e e m i s d fo r th e g en eral Explic ati o n o f

’

p r

Ta r a nife w e r e ferv e fo r an o t h er Pl ac e We
’
,
.

may i n th e m ean tim e o b fer v e h o w p r epo f ,

ter o u fl y
 The Th eoiy of the E A R THI
th e Ti m e o f th e D el u g e We m ay i m agi n e h o w
.

di ffer en t a Pr o fp efi th e fir fi Wor ld wo ul d m ak e
fr o m w h at w e fe e n o w i n th e p r e fen t St at e o f
Th i ngs i f w e co n fide r o n ly th o fe Gen er als by
, ,

w h ic h w e h av e de fcr i b d it i n th e for eg o i n g C h ap
’

t er a n d w h a t t h e ir I n fl u en c e w o u ld b e u p o n
,

Man ki n d a n d th e t efto f N at u r e F o r e v e ry n e w .

S t at e o f N at u r e d o t h i n tr o d u c e a n e w C ivil O r
d er an d a n e w F a c e an d O e co n o m y o f H u m an
,

A ffairs An d I am apt to t h i n k t h at fo m e t w o ,

Pl an e ts t h at ar e u n d e r th e fam e St at e o r P e ri o d
, ,

do n o r (0 m u c h di ffe r fr o m o n e an o t h e r as th e ,

fam e Pl an e t d o t h fr o m it felf i n di ffe r e n t P e ri o ds

o f its D u r ati o n We do n o t feem to i n h abit th e
.

fam e Wo rld t h at o u r fir fi Po r e fat h ers did n o r -

,

fc ar ce t o b e t h e fa m e R ac e o f Me n O u r L i fe .

n o w is fo fh o r t an d v a i n a s i f w e c am e i n t o th e
,

W o rld o nly to fee it an d l e av e it by t h at Ti m e

w e b egi n to u nder ftan d o u r fe lv es a l ittl e an d to
’ '

k n o w w h e r e w e ar e a n d h o w to aft o u r p art
, ,

w e m u fi: l e av e th e St ag e an d giv e Pl ac e to ,

o t h e rs a s m e et N o vic e s as w e w e r e o u r fe l ve s

a t o u r fir fi E n tr a nc e An d t h is ib o rt L i fe is
.

e m lo
p y
’

d i n a gr e at M e a fu r e to p r e fe r v e o u r

fel v e s fro m Ne ce ffity o r D i fe afe s o r I n j u ri e s

, ,

o f th e Ai r Or o t h e r I n c on v e n i en c e s ; to m ak e
,

o n e Man e afy te n m u fi w o rk an d do dr u dg e
,

ry T h e B o dy t ak e s u p fo m u c h Ti m e w e h av e ,

l ittl e L ei fu r e fo r C o n t em p la ti o n o r to c u lti ,

v at e th e Mi n d
.
Th e E a rt h d o t h no t yi e ld
.

us Food , b u t w it h m u ch L ab o u r a nd In du flr y s
a n d w h at w as he r fr e e w ill O ffe ri n g b e fo r e
.
-
or ,

an e afy L i b e r a lity c an fc ar ce n o w b e ext or ted

,

fr o m
Co ncer nin g th e Tr i m E ar th
.
, a nd i ar a di
’
jz
»
. 2
“

5g
fr o m h e r N e ith e r ar e t h e H eav en s m o r e favo u r
.

a b l e , fo m e ti m es i n o n e E x tr e am , fo m e ti m e s i n

anot h er ; T h e Ai r o ft e n i m p u r e o r i n feéfi o u s,
a n d, fo r a gr e at P art o f th e Y e ar, N at u r e h e r fe l f

fe e ms to b e fic k o r d e ad To t h i s V an ity th e e x
.

t ern al C re ati on is m ad e fu b jeét as w e l l as Man-J

k i n d , a n d fo m u ff c o n ti n u e ti l l th e R efi i tu ti
on o f al l T h i n gs .

C A N w e i m agi n e, i n tho fe h appy Ti m e s an d

Pl ac es w e ar e tr e ati n g o f, t h at Th i n gs fl o o d i n
-

t h is fam e Po ftu r e ? Ar e th e fe th e Fr u its o f th e

’

go ld e n Age a n d o f Qa r a dzfé , o r c o mmen t w it h

’

t h e ir Happi n e fs ? An d th e R em edi es o f th efe E

v i ls m u fi b e ( 0 u ni v e r fal, y o u c an n o t giv e t h em
'

to on e P lac e o r R e gi o n o f th e E art h , b u t a ll m u fi;
pa rtic ipat e F o r th e fe ar e Th i n gs t ha t fl o w fro m
the C o u r fe o f th e H e av en s , o r fu c h g e n e r a l C au
fes , as e xt en d at o n c e to al l N at u r e If t h er e w as
s
.

a p e rp e t ua l Spri n g an d p e rp e t u al Equ in o x i n fPa i -

r a a ifi, t h e r e was at th e fam e T i me a p e rp e t u al Ea

'
’ a

q u i n o x a ll th e E art h o v e r 5 u n le f s yo u pl ac e ? a
ra dz e i n th e m iddl e o f th e T
f o rrid Z o n e 8 0 al fo
.

t h e l o n g L iv e s o f th e A n t e di lu v ia n s w a s a n u n i :

v e rfa l E ffe fi , an d m a il h av e h ad a n u n i v er fal .

G aufe Tis tr u e , i n fo m e fin g fe P ar ts o r R e gi o n s
’

o f the
p re fe n t E art h , th e I n h a bit an ts liv e g e n e

r a lly l o n g e r t h an i h o t h er s , b u t do n ot a ppr o ac h
i n any Me afu r e th e Ag e o f t h e i r an t e dil u vi an
F o r e fat h ers and t h at d egr ee o f L o n g evity
-

w h ic h t h e y h av e a b o v e t h e r efi, t h e y o w e
t o th e C al m n e fs a n d T r an q u illit y o f t h e ir
H e av en s an d Ai r 5 wh i ch is b u t an i mp e r
feét Par t i cip ati o n of t h at G aufe w h ic h w a s
t
 Th e Theory of the
'

E T H I
”

2 5 ,4 A R

o n c e u n i v er fa l a n d h ad its E ffe C
,
t t hro u gho u t
t h e w h o l e E art h A n d as to th e F e rtility o f
.

t h is E art h t h o u g h i n fo m e Sp o ts it b o e m i
,

h e n tiy m o r e fr u it fu l t h an i n O t h e rs a nd m o r e ,

d e lici o u s ; y e t t h at o f th e firft E art h w as a F e r 1 -

t i li t y o f an o t h e r ki n d b e i n g fpo n tan eo u s an d , ,

e xt e n di n g t o th e Pr o du fi i o n o f A n 1 m als w h ic h ,

c an no t b e w it h o u t a favo u r abl e C o n co u r fe
fr o m th e H eav e n s al fo .

THU S m u c h i n g e n e r al w e w i ll n o w g o o v e r -
,

th o fe t h r e e fo r e m en t i o n d C h ar aé te r s m o r e di
’
-
’

fi i n fi ly t o ib e w by t h e ir U n fu i ta b le n efs t o t h e
'

, .
,

r e fe n t St at e o f N at u r e th at n e it h e r th e w h o l e
p ,

E art h as it is n o w n o r an y P art o f it c o u ld b e
, , ,

Th e p erp et u a l Spri n g w h ic h b e ,

l o n g d to th e g o ld e n Ag e an d t o is
’
'

a n Happ i n e fs t h is p r e fe n t E art h c an n o t pr et e n d

t o n o r is c ap abl e o f u n le fs w e c o u ld tr an s fe r
, ,

t h e S u n fr o m t h e E c l i pti c k to t h e Eq u at o r, o r ,

w h ic h is as e afy p e r fu ade t h e E a rt h to c h an g e its

,

Po fi u r e to th e Su n If f i r t h i mea or h ad fo u n d a
.
’
.

Pl ac e to pl an t h i s Mac h i n es m fo r r e m o vi n g o f
t h e E art h a l l t h at I {h o u ld h av e d e h r d o f h i m
’

, ,

w o u ld h av e b e e n o n ly t o h av e giv e n it a n H eav e
a t o n e E n d a n d fe t it a littl e to rig h ts a g a i n w it h
,

t h e Su n th at w e m ig h t h av e e n jo y d t h e C o m fo rt
’

o f a p e rp et u al Spri n g w h ic h w e h av e lo ft by
'

its D 1 fl o c ati o n e v e r fin ce th e D e l u g e An d t h er e .

b e i n g n o t h i n g m o r e i n di fp en fab ly n e ceffar y to
a P a r a a ifla oa l St at e t h a n t h is U n ity a n d E
‘ ‘

q u ality o f S e afo n s w h e r e t h at c an n o t b e tis , ,

’

i n v a i n t o fe c k for th e r efi o f T a m i /i e .

3
25 6 The Theory of th e B a it '
t a .

We fe e an d ad m ir e i n fo m e p arts o f th e B odies o f
An i m als A n d as th e
. . Matt e r m u fi b e fo c o n fl i z

t u t ed a t it m u ff b e k ept i n a du e Te m p e r
fir fl , fo
t i ll th e Wo rk b e fin i fh d w ith o u t an y Ex c efs o f
’

H eat or C o ld ; a n d a cco rdi n gly w e fe e t h at Na

.

t u r e h at h m ad e Pr o v ifio n in all fo rts o f C r eat u res

w h e t h e r O vi p aro u s or Vivip ar o u s t h at th e fir fi ,

R u d i m e n ts o f L i fe t u ld b e p r e fe r v d fr o m a ll
’

Inju ri e s o f th e A i r an d k e pt i n a m o d e r at e
,
'

Warm t h Eggs a r e e n c lo s d i n a S h e ll o r Fil m,

.
’

a n d m u ff b e c h e r i fh e d Wit h an e q u a l g e n tl e h eat ,

t o b egi n F o r m ati o n an d c o n ti n u e i t o th er wi fe ,

t h e Wo rk m i fcar r i es A n d i n Viv ip ar o u s C r ea ~

t ur e s th e Mate ri al s o f L ife are fa fel y lo dg d i n

’

th e F em al e s
’

, Wo m b fit Tem
an d co n fe r v
’

d in a a

u t e t w ixt hea t a n d c o ld , w h i le th e C au fe s
’

p er a t

t h at Pr o vid en ce h ath e m plo y d ar e b ufy at w ork ; ’

fa lhi on i n g an d p laci n g an d io i n i n g th e P a rts i n

t h at du e O rd e r wh ich fo w o n d erful a Pabri e k
re qu ir e s .

L E T us c om p ar e the fe Th i n gs w it h th e
n ow

Birth o f A n i m als i n t h e n CW m ade W o r ld wh e n o

t h e y fir fi t o fe o ut of t h e E a rt h to fe e w h at Pr o ,
‘

v i f on c o ul d b e m a d e th e r e fo r t h e ir S afe ty a n d
i

N o ur i lh m e nt w h i le t h e y w er e a m aki n g and
i , ,

w h e n n e w ly m ade ; an d t h o u g h w e t a k e al l A d
v an t ag e s w e c a n an d fu f b o th th e H eav e ns
pp o e
,

an d th e E a rth favo ur a b l e a fit S o il an d a w ar m ,

an d c o nfi a nt T e mp e r o f t h e Ai r al l w i l l be l i t
.
,
.

t l e e n o u g h to m ak e t h is w ay o f Pr o dufi ro n fe ei
'

l i b le o r pr o b ab l e But i f w e fup po fe t h e r e
.

w as t h e n th e fam e Inc o n fian c y o f th e H ea v e ns

t hat is n o w th e fame Vi ciffitude of Sea fo ns al d
t he
, ,
 Concer ning the Tr i m
’
. E ar th, an d Ta r a a
fi é
/ . z57
th e fam e i n eq u ality of H e at an d C o ld I do n o t ,

t h i n k 1 t at all p o ffib le t h at th ey c o u ld b e fo fo r m d ’

o r b e i n g n e w fo r m d f rv d a d
’

d h
’

i l
’

, _
p r e e , n n o u r .

Ti s tru e fo me li ttl e C r eat ure s t h at ar e o f ib o rt

,

D i fp atc h i n t h eir F orm ati o n an d fin d N o u r 1 fh

,

m en t en o u g h w h er efo ev e r th e y ar e br e d m ig h t , ,

b e pro du c d an d br o u g h t to Per fe éfti o n i n t h is

’

w ay n o twi th fian di ng an y I n e q u al ity o f S e afo n s;

,

b e cau fe t h e y ar e m ad e al l at a H e at a s I m ay fo ,

fay b eg u n an d e n d e d w it h i n th e co m p afs o f o n e
,

S e afo n But th e g r e at éfti o n i s c o n c e r n i n g th e

. ,

m o r e p er feét ki n ds o f A ni m als t h at r eq u i r e a ,

l o n g fl ay 1 n th e Wo m b to m ak e t h em c ap a bl e to
,

fufiai n an d n o u r i fh th em fe l v es w h en t h e y fir fi
c o m e i n t o th e Wo rld S u ch An i m a ls b e in g big
.
,

a n d h t o ng mu ff h av e a p r e tty H
,
ardn e fs i n t h e i r
B o n e s an d F or ce an d Fi r mnefs i n t h eir Mu fcl es
,

and o i n ts b efe r e th ey c a
, n b e ar t h ei r o w n .

w e ig t and exerci fe th e co mm o n Mo ti o ns of
,

t h ei r B o dy An d acc ord i n gly w e fee N at ur e h ath

o r dai n d for thefe a l o n g e r T i m e of Gefiat i o n
’

t h at t h ei r L im bs and Me m b ers mi ght h av e ti m e

to acqu i r e Str e n gt h an d S o li di ty Befi des the .
,

y o u n g o n es o f th efe An i m als h av e c oi n m on
,
l y th e Mi lk of the D am to n ou r i lh t h em a f
t er t h e y ar e br ou g h t fo rth wh i c h is a i v e ry
, l

p ro p er No u ri lh m ent an d l ike to t h at w h ic h
,

th ey h ad b efo r e in th e Wo mb ; an d s
mean s t he ir Sto ma ch s ar e p r epar d by d egr ee s ’

fo r c o ar fer Food ; Wh er eas o u r Te rrig e no u s .

An i m als muff h ave b ee n wea nd as fo o n as

’

t heywer e b o rn o r , th ey we r e fcp a
r ate d fr om t hei r M art h an d t h er e ,

15 0 0 K II fo r e
 .
The Theory of
‘

the E A R I n .

fo r e m u ff b e allow d a l o n g e r Ti me o f C o n:
’

ti n ni ng t h e r e .

TH ESE Th i ngs b ei n g co n fi der d, w e c an n o t

’

i n R e afo n b u t fu pp o fe , t h at th e fe Te rrig e n o u s
A n i m als w e r e as l o n g , o r lo n g e r, a Per fefi i n g ,
t h an o u r Vivip aro u s , an d w e r e n o r fepar ated
fr o m th e B o dy o f th e E art h fo r t en, t we lv e,
e ig h t e en , o r m o r e Mo n t h s , a cc o rdi n g as t h e ir

N atu 1 e was an d fe e 1 n 0 1 n t h is Sp ac e o f Ti m e
t h e y m u fi h av e fu lf e r d , u p o n th e c o m m o n Hy
’

oth r s , a l l V i c i fl i tu de s a n d V ar 1 e ty o f S e a fo n s ,
p f
‘

a ri d gr e a t E x c e ffe s o f H e at an d C o ld , w h ic h ar e

m
Th i n gs i n c o patibl e w it h th e t e n d e r Pri n cipl e s
o f L i fe , a n d th e F o r m ati o n o f livi n g C r e at u r e s ,
as w e h av e lh e wn b e fo r e ; w e m ay r e afo n ab ly

a n d fafe ly c on c l u d e, t h at N at u r e h ad n o t, w h en

t h e Wo rld b eg an , th e fam e C o u r fe {h e h at h
‘

n o w , o r t h at th e E art h was n o t t h e n i n its p r e

fe n t Po ftu r e an d C o n fii tu ti o n : S e e i n g , I fay,
’

t h efe fir ft fpo n tan eo u s Birt h s , w h ic h b o t h t h e

W
H o l y rit , R e afo n an d An tiqu ity feem to a l
l o w , c o ul d n or b e fin i fh d an d br o u g h t to Ma
’

t u r i ty, n o r aft e r w ards p r e fer v d an d n o u r i lh d,

’ ’

u p on an y o t h e r S u pp o f t1 o n

LO GN EV TY I is th e h it C h arafter to b e
c o nfide r d, a n d as i n co n fifien t w it h th e p r e fen t
'
’ ‘

“
S tat e o f th e E art h as an y Ot h er Th er e ar e.

m an y T h i n gs i n th e St o r y o f th e fir fi Ag es
t h at fee m fir an g e, b u t no t h i n g fo pro digy lik e as -

t h e l o n g L iv e s o f th o fe Men ; t h at t h e ir Ho u fe s

o f C l ay lh o u ld {l an d e ig h t o r n i n e h u n dr e d

Years an d u p w ards , an d more w e b u i ld o f th e

h ardefi St on e, or Marb le, w i ll nor n ow k fi fo
l
ong .
 Th e Theory of t he
”

2 60 E A R r n .

fat h e r b u t o n e i n tir e R em o v e fr o m th e D e lu g e ’

a n d h e li v d l o n g e r t h an an y o f h is F o r e fat h e rs
’ ’
-

Th at F o o d t h at w il l n o u r iih th e P arts, a n d keep

u s i n H ealt h , is al fo c ap abl e to k eep u s i n l o n
g
L i fe, i f t h e r e b e n o I m p edi m en ts o th er wi fe ; for
to c o n ti n u e H e alt h is to c o n ti n u e L i fe ; as t h at
Pe we l t h at is fit to r ai fe a n d n o u r ifh a F lam e ,
w ill p r e fer v e it as l o n g as yo u ple afe , i f yo u add
fr efh Pe w e l , an d n o e xt e r n al C au fe s h i n d e r : Ne i
t h e r do we o b fer v e t h at i n th o fe P arts o f th e pr e
fe n t E art h , w h e r e P eo p le l iv e l o n g e r t h an i n o
t h e r s , th at t h e r e is an y t h i n g e xtr ao rdi n a ry i n t h e ir
F o o d b u t t h at th e D i ffe r en c e is c h i efly fr o m th e
Ai r an d th e Te m p e r ate n e fs o fth e H e av en s ; An d
‘

i f th e A n t edil u vi an s h ad n o t e n jo y d th at Ad y ah
’

t ag e i n a p e c u li ar m an n e r, and di ffe r en tly fro m

w h at an y P arts o f th e E art h d o n o w , t h e y w o u ld
n e v e r h av e fe en fe v e n , e ig h t , o r n i ne h u n dr ed

Y e ars g o o v e r t h e ir H e ads , t h ou gh t h ey h ad
b ee n n o u r i lh d w it h N efi a r an d A mhr o f
’

O TnE R s h av e t h o u g h t t h at th e lo n g L iv es o f
th o fe Me n o f th e o ld Wo rld pr o c eed e d fr o m
t h e Str en gt h o f t h e ir S ta mi na , o r fir fi Pr i n ci o

pl e s o f t h e ir B o di es ; w h ich i f t h e y w er e n o w
a s firo ng i n u s , t h e y t h i n k w e lh o u ld fii ll l iv e as

l o n g as t h ey did . Th is c o u ld n o t b e th e fol e
an d ad eq u at e C au fe o f t h eir L o n g evity , as
w i l l app e ar b pth fr o m Hi fl o ry an d R e afo n .

S hem, wh o w as b o rn b e fo r e th e F lo o d , an d h ad
i n h i s B o dy a ll th e Virt u e o f th e an t edi l u vi an

S ta mi na an d C o n fl i tu ti o n , fe l l t h r ee h u n dr e d
Y ears ib o rt o f th e Ag e o f h i s F o r e fat h ers , b e -

c au fe th e gr eatefl; p ar t o f h i s L i fe w as p ail
aft er
aft e r th e F lo o d Th at t h eir Sta mi na w er e firo ng er
.

th an ou rs ar e I am v e ry r e ady t o b eli ev e a n d t h at
'

, ,
'
th eir Bod i es wer e gr e a t er ; an d an y R ac e o f ftr o n
'

<r

Men li ving long 1 n H e alt h wo u ld h av e C h ildr e n

, ,

of a i i o n ab le i l t on g C On fl i tu ti o n w it h
’
o r t
p op
th e m felves b u t t h e n th e Qi efi i o n is h o w w as ,

t h is i nterr u pt edi We t h at ar e t h e ir Pofier i ty w h y ,

(10 no t w e i n h e rit t h e ir lon g L iv e s ? H o w w as t h is

o

C o n il i tu ti o n br o k en at th e D e l u g e an d h o w di d
'
,

th e Stami na fai l fo faft w h e n th at c am e ? Wh y

w as t h ere fo g re at a Cr g/i t he n and Tu r n o f L i fe
' '

or w h y w as t h at th e P e ri o d o f t h e ir Str e n gt h ?
W E fe e th is L ong evity fu n k h alf i n h al f 1 m
me di at el y aft e r t h e F lo od and aft e r t h at it ,

fun k by g en t le r d egr e es; b u t w as fii ll 1 n Mo ti o n

an d D ecle n fio n till i t Was fixt at l e n gt h b e fo r e
D a v i d s ti me ? fa l xc I O ( ca ll a a Tahn
f
‘
’ ’
.
, . .

f M f s ) i t h a t wh ich h at h b e e n th e cOm
‘

o o e n
,

m o n Stan d ard o f Man is Ag e ev er li n c é : As

’

Wh e n fe rri c exc ell en t Frhi t rs r r an fplante d i n t o

‘ ‘ ‘

a wo r fe C li mat e an d 8 611 it d eg e n e r at e s eo n ,

t i nu all y til l i t c o m e s tofii ch a d eg r e e o f Mean

n e fs as fu i ts t h at A i r an d So an d t h en 1 t fl an ds
il , .

Th at th e Ag e o f Mandid n o t fall al l o n a fu d
~ .

de n fr o m th e An t edil u v ian Me afur e to th e pr e

fe n t I i mp u t e it to th e r em ai n i n g Sta mi na o f
, o

tho fe firfi Ag e s an d th e Str e ng t h o f t h at p r i

,

{l i n e C o n fl itu ti o n w h ic h co u ld n o t w e ar o ff
b u t by d egr e es We fee th e Black: do n o t
.

q u it t h e ir C o m pl e x io n i mm e di at e ly by r e m o ,

v in g i n t o an o t h e r C li m at e b u t t h e ir Po fier i
'

t y c h an g et h by l itt le an d l itt le an d aft e r fo m e ,

Gener at i ons t h ey b eco me alt og et he r l ik e th e

S 3
z ez Th e Th eory of th e E Ah TB .
3
P eo pl e o f th e C o u n try w h e r e t h ey ar e Th u s by .
,

t h e C h an g e o f N a t u r e t h at h app e n d at th e F lo o d
’

t h e un h appy I n fl u en c e o f th e A i r an d u n equ al
S e a fo n s w e ak e n d by d e gr e es th e i n n at e Str e n gt h
’

,
'

o f t h e ir B o di e s a n d th e Vig o u r o f t h e ir P ar ts
, ,

w h ic h w o u ld h av e b ee n c ap ab le to h av e l afl e d fe
v er al m o r e h u n dr e ds o fYe ars 1 f th e H eav e n s h ad
,

c o n ti n u e d t h eir C o u r fe as fo r m er ly o r th e E art h ,

its Po fi ti o n To co n c lu d e t h is p articu lar i f an y ,

.

t h i n k t h at th e An t edil uvi an L o n g evity pr o c ee d

e d o n ly fr o m th e Stam i na o r th e m e et Str en gt h
,

b f th e i r Bo di e s a n d w o u ld h av e b e en fo u h
,

d e r a ny C o n fl i tu ti o n o f th e H e av e n s l et em r e ’ '

fo lv e th e m fe lv es th e fe Ql efl i o ns : F i r fi Wh y ” ,

t h e fe S ta mi na o r t h is Str e n gt h o f C o n fl i tu
,

ti o n fai l d ? S ec o n d ly Wh y did i t fa i l (0 m u c h
’

a n d fo r e m ar k abi y at th e D e lu g e i T h irdly .
,

fu c h Pr o p o rti o n s as it h at h d o n e fin c e
th e An d lafi l y Wh y it h at h fl o o d (0
.
,

l o n g i m m o v a bl e an d w it h o u t a n y fu r th er Di
,

m i n u ti o n? Wi th i ri th e c o m p a fs o f fiv e h u n
'

dr ed Y e ar s t h e y fun k fr o m n i n e h u n dr e d to .

n i n ety an d m th e c o m p a fs o f m o r e t h an t h r e e
t h o u fan d Y e ars fin c e t h e y h av e h ot
,

Y e ars Or fc ar c e any t hi ng at all Wh o co nfi d e rs

, .

t h e R e afo n s of th efe T h i ng s an d th e tr u e R efo

,

Iu ti o n o f éfi i on s w i ll b e fati s fied

, ,

h e C anfes o f t h at Lo n g e
J

th
v i ty fo m eth i n g mor e mu fi b e c o n fi der d t h an
’

th e M ak e an d Str e n gt h o f t h e 1 r B o di e s ; w
,

h ic h
h ad b een m a d e as fir o ng as th e
L eh i nth a n c o u ld n o t h av el ai re d
,
’

fo m aln y Ag es , i f t er e h ad n o t b een a p arti

‘

Cu lar
 Te a r /yea}; f
o th e E A { 1 a :

C H '

A 9 . III .

Th e Or ig i na l fl ifi er ea ees of th e r i mi ti w T
E a r th f r om th e fir e/ent or p afi a i h wi arz
’
he
‘

. T
th r ee Ch a r a éter s of Pa r ad1 fe a nd th e Golden
'

f i ori n a m th e Pr i mi ti ve E a r th

C
g
‘
A p a r f
.

t i t tt/ r E xp/i ea ti ort of ea ch Ch ar aéter

'
'
.

h av e h it h ert o o n ly p e t ple x d th e Arg u

E ’

m e n t an d o u r fe lv es , by ih e w i n g h o w
i xplic abl e t St t
n e h e a e o f ? a r a a i e is , a cc o rdi n
’
f g
;

t o th e p r e fe n t O rd e r o f T h i n gs , an d th e p r e fe n t
C o n diti o n o f th e E art h W e m u ttn o w t h e r efo r e
.

b ri n g i n t o Vi ew t h at O rigi n a l an d An t e dil u vi an
E art h , w h er e w e pr e t en d its S eat w as, an d th e w
_

i t c ap abl e o f all th o fe Privil eg es w h ic h w e h av e

V
de n y d to t h e pr e fe n t ; i n irt u e o f w h ic h Privi
’

l eg es , a n d o f th e o rd e r o f N at u r e e ltab li fh d t h e r e ,
'
’

t h at Pri m iti ve E a rt h m ig h t b e tr u ly Pa r a a ifia ’-

‘

c al, as i n th e G o ld e n Ag e ; a n d fo m e R e gi o n

o f i t m ig h t b e p e c u li arly ( 0 , a cc o rd i n g to th e r e ,

c e i v d Idea o f Pa r a afi
fi A n d th i s , I t h i n k , is
’
‘ o -
.

a l l t h e K n o w l e dg e a n d S ati s faé ti o n t h a t w e
’
'

c an e x eét, o r t h at Pr o vid e n c e h at h allo w d u s

'
’

p
i n t h is A rg u m e n t .

E
TH Pr i m i g e n tal E art h , w h ic h i n th e fit fi
B o o k (Ch ap . w e 1 ai s d fr o m a C h ao s , a n d
’

fe t u p i n a n h abit a bl e F o r m , w e m u fi n o w f ur
Vey ag ai n w it h m o r e C ar e , to o b fe r v e its pri n

ei p ai Di ffe r e n c e s fr o m th e p r e fe n t E art h ,a n d
w h at I n fl u e n c e t h e y w ill h av e u p o n th e

Q l efti o n i n H an d T. h e fe Di ffer en c es , as w e
h av e
 hg the T
“
r i m E a r th, a nd ?
z ar a gl
Con ern E i/ 6 5 . e .

hav e faid befo r e, w er e c h i efly t h r e e th e F o r m of

i t wh i eh w as i m o o th e v e n an d r eg u l ar ; th e
'

, , ,

Poftu r e and S it uati o n o f it to th e Su n w h ic h w as ,

di r eét an a t as it is at pr e fen t, i n c li n d a n d
’

o b li que ; a n d t h e Fig u re o f 1 t w h ic h w as m o r e ,

appa r ent ly andI r e g u l arly O val t h an it is n o w

, .

From th e fe th r ee Di ffer en c es fl o w d a gre at m a

’

ny m d re; i nfer io r an d fu b Or di n ate ; a n d w h ic h

h ad a co nfidet ab i e I nfl u en c e u po n th e m o r al
World at that Ti me as w e ll as th e n atu ral
'

i
, .

But we wil l (i nky o b fer ve h e r e th e i t m o r e i m m e

;
,

di at e Effeéts an d t h at i n r efer en ce to th o fe g en e
,
’

r al C h ar aé ter s o r Pr o p e rti e s o f th e G o ld e n Ag e
’

an d o f Pa r adife w h ic h w e h av e i n ftan c d i n
‘ ’ ’

, ,

a n d w h e re o f w e ar e b o u n d to giv e an Acc o u n t

by o u r fig h oth e/t} .

A N D i n t h is r e fpeét th e m o h F u n d a m en t al
!

o f th o fe t h r ee D i ffe r e n c e s w e m en ti o n e d w as ,

t h at of th e r i g h t Po ftu r e and Sit u ati o n o f th e ’

E art h to th e S u n 3 for fr o m t h is i mm edi at el y

fo ll o w d a perp et u al [E q u i n o x all th e E art h
’

o v e r Or i f y Ou w il l a p erp e t u al Sp r i n g : An d
, , ,

t h at w as th e g r eat Th i n g w e fo u n d wan ti n g i n
.

th e pr efen t E ar t h to m ak e it 7 a ra difia ea l o r
'

9
,

c ap abl e o f b e i n g fo Wh er efo re t h is b ei n g .
,

n o w fo u n d a nd e fl ab li fh d i n t h e Pri m itiv e
’

E art h th e o t h er t wo Pr op erti es o f L o n g evity

, ,

an d o f fpo nt an eo u s an d V it al F e rtility will b e ,

o f m o r e eaf E xplic ati o n In th e m ean T i m e

y .

l et u s Vi ew a litt le th e R e afo n s an d C au fe s o f
t h at r eg u l ar S i tu ation i n th e fir ft Earth ’
.

THE Trut h is o ne c a nno t fo w el l req uire ,

aR e afo n o f th e r eg u lar S it u at i on th e Ear th h a d

‘1
th CH,
2 66 The Theo y f the E A R T H: r o 1

t h e n , fo r t h at w as m o fi fimp le an d n at u r al as o f
t h e irr eg u lar S it u ati o n it h at h n o w fian di ng o h ,

l iqu e an d i n c li n d t o th e S u n o r th e E clip ti ck
’

Wh er eby th e C o u r fe o f th e Y e ar is be c o me u n e
q u a l
, a n d w e a r e c aft i n t o a gr e at D i v er fit y o f S e a 1

(o n s Bu t h o w ev er h ati n g th e fir ft arig h t wit h i ts

’
.
,

C i r c u m fian ces w e {h all h av e a b ett er Pr o fp eét

‘ '

u p o n th e fe c o n d an d fe e fr o m wh at C au fe s an d
, ,
.

i n wh at Man n e r it c am e to pafs L et u s t h e r efo r e

, .

fu ppo fe th e E art h w it h th e t eft o f its fel lo w P ial

'

n e ts to b e c arri e d a bo u t th e S u n i n th e E c li pti c k
, ,

b y th e Mo ti o n o f t h e l iq u id H e av en s ; an d b ei n g
a t t h at ti m e p e r feftly u n i fo r m an d r e u lar h a
g ,

v i n g t h e fam e C en t e r o f its Mag n it u d e a n d

G r avity it w o u ld by th e Equ ality o f its L i
'

b r ati o n n e c ei far i ly h av e its A xis p ar all e l to th e

’

A xis o f th e fam e E cli pti ck b oth i ts P o l es b e ,

i n g e qu ally i n cli n d t o t h e S u n An d t h is Po f
’
'

, .

t u r e I c al l a r ig h t Si tua ti on as o pp o s d to o b : ,
’

l iq u e o r i n c li n d ; o r a p a r a llel S it u ati o n i f
’

l f N o w t h is is a T h i n g t h at n e e ds
y o u p ea e.

n o Pr o o f b efides its o w n Evid e n c e ; fo r tis

’

t h e i m m e di at e R e fu lt a n d c o m m o n E ffeC t of
G r avity o r L ibr ati o n t h at a B o dy fr ee l y l e ft
, ,

t o it fe lf i n a fl u id Medi u m fh o u l d fe tt le i n , .

fu ch a Po fiu r e a s b elt an fwe r s to its Gr avit a

’

t i o n ; an d t h is firft E art h w h er eo f w e fpeak

’
,

b e i n g u n i fo r m and e v ery w ay e qu al ly b a
,

l an c e d th er e w as n o R e afo n w h y it {h o u ld
,

i n c li n e at o n e E nd m o r e t h an at th e o th e r
, ,

t o w ards th e Su n As i f you ih o u ld fuppo fe

.

a S h ip to h an d N o rt h an d S o u t h u n d e r t h e E

u a to i f i t w l l b i lt a n d e q u al ly
q r, a s e
q u a y u “ "

b all afied,
h E
31 6 8 The Theoy g r the E A RTH
‘

th e m e lt i mm edi at e, t h at it alter d th e Fo rm ’

o f t h e Y e ar a n d br o u g h t i n t h at I n eq u al ity o f
,

S ea fo n s w h ic h h at h finc e o b tai n d : As o n
’

, ,

th e c o n tr a ry w h il e th e E art h w as i n its fit fl:
'

a n d n at u r a l Po fiu r e i n a m o r e ea fy an d r e g u
,

l ar D i fpo fiti o n to th e S u n t h at h ad a lfo an o ,

t h e r r e fp eeti v e trai n o f C o n feq u en ces w h er e

’

,
?

o f o n e o f th e fitft a n d t h at w h ic h , w e a re
m o lt c o n c e r n d m atpr e fe n t w as t h at 1 1 m ad e
’

, ,

a p e rp e t u al Eq u i n o x o r Spri n g to a l l th e Wo r ld

a ll t h e P arts o f th e Y ear h ad o n e an d th e fa m
,

e
Ten o r F ac e an d Te mp e r ; t h er e w as n o Wi n
,

t er o r S u m m e r S e e d T i m e o r Har v eft b ut a
'

-
, ,

c o n t i n u al Tem p e r at u r e o f th e Air an d V e rd u r e
o f th e E art h A n d t h is fu lly a n fw er s th e fir i c ’
.

a n d fu n d am e n t a l C h a1 aéter o f th e G old en
Ag e an d o f Ta r a a ife ; a n d w h at An tiq u ity
’
,

w h et h e r H e at h e n o r C h r i fii a n h at h fpo k en con ,

c e r n i n g t h at p e rp e tu al S e r en ity and c o n fi an t
Spri n g t h at r e ig n d t h e r e wh ic h i n th e o n e
’

w as acc o u n t e d F a b u l o u s an d i n t h e o t h e r Hy
,

p e r b o l i c a l w e f
,e e to h a v e b e e n r ea l ly an d p h i J -

l o fo ph i c ally tr u e N o r is t h e r e an y Wo n d e r i n
.

th e T h i n g th e w o n d e r is r at h e r o n o u r fide
, ,
'

t h at th e E art h fh o u ld (lan d an d c o n ti n u e i n t h at
fo r c d Po fiu t e w h e r e i n it is n o w fp i n n i n g Y ear ly
’

a b o u t a n Axis I m e an t h at o f th e Eq u at o r t h at
, ,

d o t h n o t b e l o n g to th e O rbit o f its Mo ti o n 3
Th is I fay is m o r e fir an g e t h an t h at it o n c e
, ,

fl o o d i n a Po ftu t e t h at w as fi r eig h t an d r eg u lar

as w e m o r e j u ftl y a d m ir e th e T o w e r at T ifa ,

t h at {l an ds cr o o k d t h a n t w e n ty o t h er fir eig h t
’

To w e rs t h at ar e m u c h h igh er .

H AV I NG
Concer ni ng th e Tr i na E ar th , ana iWr aa fi
’ '
. z 69
.

H A V I N G g o t t h is F o u n d ati o n to (lan d upon ,

th e r eft o f ou r Wo rk w ill g o o n m o r e e afily ; an d

'

t h e t wo o t h e r C h ar aéter s wh ic h w e m e n ti o n d
’

w i ll h o t b e o f v e ry di fficu lt Explic ati o n Th e

‘

.
' '

n tan eo u s F e rti lity o f th e E art h an d its Pro

p ,

du éti o n o f An i m a l s at t h at ti m e we h av e i n ,

fome m eafiane e x pl ai n d b e fo r e fu ppo fin g it to

' ’

p r o c e e d p artly fr o m th e R i ch n e fs o f th e r i m i e
p g
n i al So i l an d p art l y fr o m t h is c o n fian tSpr i n g an d
,

Ben ig n ity o f th e He av en s w h ic h w e h av e n o w ,

e fiab li fh d : T h e fe w e r e a lways r e ady to e x cit e

’

N at u re a nd pu t h er u p o n Aéti o n an d n e v e r
,
‘
,

to i n t err u pt h er i n an y o f h er Mo r1 o n s o r Ar
t mpt s We h av e ih ew d 1 n th e fift h C h apt er
’

e .

o f th e fir lt B o o k h o w t h is pri m ig e n i a l S o il w as
,

m ad e an d o f wh at I n gr e di en ts ; w h ich w e r e
,

fu ch as c o m po fe th e r i ch e ft an d fatte fc S o il b e ’
, ,

i ng a lig h t E art h mi x d w it h u n étu o u s J u ic e s

’

a n d t h en aft e r w ar ds r e fr e ih d an d dil u t e d w it h
’

th e D e w s o f H e av e n all th e Y e ar lo n g an d ,

c h e r i ih d wit h a c o n ti n u al War m t h fro m th e S u n

’

Wh at mo r e h o p efu l Bea in n i n g o f a Wo r ld t h an
v

t h is Y o u w i l l gr an t l b eli ev e th at wh atfo ever

?
, ,

d egree o r wh atfo ev er ki n d o f Fr u itfu ln efs c o u l d

,

b e e xp eél e d fr o m a S o i Ian d a S u n m ig h t b e r e a ,

fon ab ly e xp eéted t h e r e We fee gr eat \Vo o ds

.

a n d F o r e fts o f T r e es ri fe fpo n tan e o u fl y an d

’
,

t h at fin ce t h e F l o o d ( wh o can i m agi n e
fo r

t h at th e an ci en t F o r efts w her eo f fom e w e r e ,

[0 v afily gre at w e r e pl an t ed by t he H an d o f
,

Man ? ) wh y {h ou ld w e n or t h en b e li ev e t h at:
Fr uit tr ee s an d C o r n t o fe as fpo ntan eo u fl y m
th at fitft E art h ? T h at wh ic h m ake s H u s b an
3 dr y
2 70 T
h Th ory of
e e the E A R r 113
'

an d h u m an Arts fo n ec efl at y n o w for th e

'

dr y
Fr uits an d Pr o du éi i ons o f th e E art h , is p artly
i n d ee d th e D e c ay o f th e S o il , b u t c h i efly th e
'

D i v et fity o f S e afo n s , w h er e by t h ey p cr i fh , i f
c ar e b e n o r t ak en o f t h e m ; b u t w h en th er e
'

w as n e it h e r H e at n o r C o ld , W i n t e r n o r S u m ~

m et , e v e ry S e afo n w as a S e e d ti m e to N at u r e,
~

a n d e v e ry S ea fo n a n H atv eit .

TH I 3 , it m ay b e , yo u w il l allo w as to th e
Fru its o f th e E art h , b u t t h at th e fam e E art h
ih o u ld pr o d u c e An i m als al fo , w i ll n o t b e t h o u g h t
fo i n t e lligibl e Si n c e it h at h b ee n di fco v er d, ’

t h at th e fir ft Mat eri als o f all An i m als ar e Eggs

’
,

a s S e e ds ar e o f P l an ts , it d o t h n o t fe e m fo

h ar d to c o n c e iv e, t h at th efe Eggs m ig h t b e
'

i n th e fir ft E art h , as w e ll as th o fe S ee ds ; fo r
t h er e is a agr e at An al o gy an d Si m i lit u d e h é
t w ixt t h e m e fp e c i all i f y o u c o m par e th e fe
y
S e eds fit ft w it h th e E o g s o f I n fefts o r Pi lh e s , an d
’

t h e n w it h th e Eggs o f V1 V1 p ar o u s An i m als An d .

a s fo r th o fe J u ic e s w h ic h th e Eggs o f ivip ar o u sV
A n i m als i m bib e t h o r o u g h t h e ir C o ats fr o m th e
Wo m b , t h ey m ig h t as w e l l i m bib e t h em , o r
fo m eth in g an al o g o u s to t h em , fr o m a c o n v en i i
e n tly t e m p er d E art h , a s Pl ant Eggs do ; a n d
’
-

t h e fe T h i n gs b e i n g ad m itt e d th e Pr o g r e fs is
,

m u c h w h at th e fam e i n S e e ds as Eg g s , an d i n _

o n e fo rt o f Eggs as i n an o t h e r .

TIS tr u e, An i m al Eggs do n o t feem to be

-

fr u it fu l o f th e m fe lv e s , w it h o u t th e I n fl u e n c e
o f t h e Male ; a n d t h is is n o t n e ceffar y 1 n Pl an t

E ggs o r v e g et abl e S ee ds . Bu t n e it h e r d o t h it
fe em n e c effar y i n all An i m al- E g gs, i f t h er e b e
2. an y
 2 72 T
h T
h oy
e e r
f o the E a R r
HZ '

fr e fh Ai r w as m o r e i mpr eg n at e d w it h t h is asi
t h er e al Pri n cipl e t h a n o u r s is ( 0 1 fe e n o r e a
,

fo n b u t th o fe b al m y D e w s t h at fe ll e v e ry Nig h t
,

i n th e Pri m itiv e E art h m ig h t b e th e V e h i c le o f

’

, ,

i t as w e l l as th e Maleg e n i tu r e is n o w ; an d
fr o m t h e m th e t eem i n g E art h an d th o fe vit al ,

S e eds w h ich it con tain d w er e aa u ated an d

’

, ,

r e c e i v d t h e ir fir ft F r u i tfu ln efs
’

N o w t h is Pri n cip l e h o w fo eve r con v ey d to

’

th o fe R u di m e n ts o f L i fe w h i c h w e c all Eggs is ,

t h at w h ic h giv e s th e firi t fir o k e t o wards An i m a

’

ti o n an d t h is fe em s to b e by e x c iti n g a F e r
,

m e n t i n th o fe litt le Malfes w h e r e by th e P arts

,

a r e l o o fe n d a n d di f os d fo r t hat F o r m ati o n
’ ’

, p
w h ic h is to fo ll o w aft er wards An d I fe e n o t h i n g
.

t h at h i n d e rs b u t t h at w e m ay r eafon ab ly fu p
,

p o fe t h at th e fe An i m al Pr o dufti o n s m igh t pr o
c e e d t h u s far i n t h e Pri m ig e n i al E art h An d as .

to t h e i r Pr o g r e fs an d th e F o r m ati o n o f th e B o dy

“
,

by w h at Ag ents o r Pri n cipl es fo e ve r t h at gr eat

f o rk is c a rri ed o n i n t h e \Vo m b o f th e F e m al e
’

i t m ig h t by th e fam e b e c arri e d o n t h e r e Nci .

t h e r w o u ld t he r e b e a ny D an ge r of m i fc ar t yi ng
by E x c e fs o f H e at o r C o ld fo r th e Ai r w as al
,

w ays o f an e q u al Te m p e r a n d m o d e r at e
War m t h ; an d all o t h e r I m p edi m en ts w er e
r e m ov d
’

, a n d a ll Pri n cipl es r eady w h et h e r ,

a ttiv e o r fl ( m ftl c cl d
p a i v e ; 0 a s w e ay ju y o n u e ,

t h at as E v e w as th e Mo t h er o f all l ivi ng as ,

t o Man ki n d fo w as th e E art h t h e Gr eat Mo

,

t h er o f all l ivi n g C r eat u r e s b efides .

TH E t h ird C h ar aCter to b e e xplai n d a nd ’

th e m e lt e xtr ao rdi n ary i n A pp e ar an c e is t h at ,

of
 o f L o ng e v i ty . Th i s fpr u n g fro m th e fam e R o o t i n
m y O pi n i o n , w it h th e o t h e r t h o u g h th e C o n '

n ex i o n , it m ay b e , is n o t ( 0 v i fib le We lh ew d
. '
’

i n th e fo r e g o i n g C h apt e r, t h at n o A dv a n tg e o f
Di e t, o r o f h t o n g C onfl i tuti o n s, c o u ld h av e c ar
ri ed t h e ir L iv es, b efo r e th e Fl o o d , to t h at w o n
der fu l L e n gt h , i f t h e y h ad b een e xp o fed to t h e
fam e C h an g e s o f A i r an d o f S e a fo n s t h at o u r Bo
di es ar e : Bu t t aki n g a p e r p e tu al Eq u i n o x , an d
fixi n g th e He av en s , yo u fix th e L i fe o f Man to o 3
w h ic h w as n o r t h en i n fa c h a r apid Fl u x as it is
no w , b u t fe e m d to h an d {till as th e S u n did o n c e
’

wit h o u t D e c len fio n Th e r e is n o Qu efi i o n b u t

'
.

e v e ry t h i n g u p o n E ar th , a n d e f e c i al ly th e
p
An i m at e Wo rld , wo u ld b e m u c h m o r e p e r
m an e n t , i f th e g e ne r a l C o u r fe o f Nat u r e w as
m o r e i te ady an d u n i fo rm ; a St ability i n th e
’ '

H e av en s m ak es a St ability i n a ll Th i n gs b e l o w ;
a n d t h at C h a n g e a n d C o n tr ari e ty of
l i a

ti es t h at w e h av e i n th e fe R e gi o n s , is th e F o u n
tai n of C orr u pti o n , an d fu ff e r s n o t h i n g to b e
lo n g i n qu i e t : Eit h er by i n tefi i n e Mo r i o n s a n d
F e r m en tati o n s e xcit e d w ith i n , o r by o u t w ard
Im pr ef fio n s, B o di e s ar e n o fo on e r w e l l c o n fl i
t u te d, b u t t h e y ar e t e n di n g ag ai n to D iffo lu
‘
'

ti o n Th e cfi th er i n t h eir littl e P o r e s an d
'

C h i n ks is u n e q u ally agit at e d , an d di ffer e n tly

m o v d at di ffe r e n t Ti m e s, a n d fO i s th e A i r
’
'

i n t h e ir gr eat e r , a nd t h e V ap o u rs and At m o
‘

fp h er e r o un d a b o u t t h e m : All t h e fe fh ak e a n d
. u n fe ttl e b o t h th e T e xt u r e a n d C o n ti nu ity o f
-

d i es .
.
h W
e r eas i n a fix d State o fi N at u r e ,
’ ‘

wh er e the fe Pri nci ples h ave always th e fam e

Bo 0 K II . T c o nfi ant
 Th Th eo y of the E A R TE
e r .

c o n ll a n t an d u n i fo r m Mo ti o n w h en t h ey afe ,

o n c e fu i te d to th e F o r m s an d C o m po fiti on s o f
'

B o di e s t h e y giv e t h e m n o fu rt h e r D i ftu r b an ce ;
,
’

t h e y e n j o y a l o n g a n d l ah i ng P e ac e w it h o u t an y ,

C o m m o ti o n s o r Vi o l e n c e w it h i n o r w it h o u t .

WE fin d o u r fe l ves fe n li b le C h an g e s i n 0 11 e
di es u p o n th e Tu rn o f t h e Y ear an d th e C h ang e ,

o f S e a fo n s ; n e w F e r m e n t ati o n s i n th e B l o o d an d

R e fo lu ti o n s o f t h e H u m o u rs ; w h i ch i f t h e y do
n o t a m o u n t t o D i fe a fe s a t l ealt t h e y di f u r b N a
’
‘
, t

t u r e a n d h av e a b ad Effeé t n 0 t o n ly u p o n th e fl u
,
’
,

id P a r ts b u t al fo u p o n t h e m o r e fo lid u p o n th e
, ,

Spri n gs an d Fibr e s i n th e O rg an s o f th e B o dy to ,

w e ak e n t h e m a n d u n fit t h e m by d e gr e e s fo r t h e ir
“
r e f e éti v e F u n éti o n s
p F o r t h o u g h th e C h an g e
.

is n o t fe n fib le i mm edi ate ly i n th efe Par ts ye t af ,

o

t er m an y r ep eat e d Im p te fli o n s e v e ry Y e ar by u n ,

e q u a l H e at an d C o ld D r i n e fs a n d Mo i fiu t e
, ,

c o n tr aC ti ng an d r el axi n g th e Fibr es t h e ir To n e ,

a t l e n gt h is i n a gr e at Me a fu r e defit o y d a n d
’

br o u g h t to a m an i fe ft D e bility an d th e gre at’

Spri n gs falli n g th e l e ffer t h at d ep en d u p o n

, ,

t h em fall i n Pr o p o rti o n and all th e Sy mpt o m s

, ,
‘

o f D e c ay an d o ld Ag e fo llo w W e fe e by d ai l y .

Exp eri en c e t h at B o di e s a r e k ept b ett er i n th e

,
’

fam e Medi um as w e c al l it th an i f t h e y o ft en
,
'

,
‘

c han g e t h e ir Medi u m as fo m e ti m es i n Ai r fo m e
, .
,

t i m e s i n Wate r , m o i fi n e d an d dr y d h eat ed an d
‘
’

c o o l d; th e fe di ffe r e n t fiates w e ak e n th e C o n t e x
’

t u r e o f th e P arts Bu t o u r Bo di es i n th e pr e fen t '

S t at e o f N at u r e ar e pu t i n to a n h un dr e d di f
,

fe re n t Mediu ms 1 n th e C o u r fe o f a Y e ar fo me
t i me s we ar e fl e e d i n Wat e r or in a m i fiy
'
’

p ,

fo g g y “
2 76 Th Th e
e y f or E A R T11
o th e
‘

t o th e Pr o p o rti o n o f T i m e t h e y h o ld o u t t he r e ,

a ft e r t h ey a r e ar r i v d fr o m o t h e r P a rts o n e m ay
’

r ea fo n a b ly fu ppo fe t h at th e N ativ es w o u ld liv e

,

t w o h u n dr e d Y e ars a n d t h e r e s n o t h i n g app e ars

’

i n t h at Ifl a n d t h at fh o u ld giv e l o n g L i fe ab o v e
o t h e r Pl a c e s b u t th e e xtr ao rdi n ary S te adi n e fs
,

o f th e W e at h er an d o f the T
, e m p e r o f th e

A i r t h r o u g h o u t th e w h o l e Y ear fo as t h e r e is ,

fcar c e an y c o n fider ab le Di ff e r en c e o f S e afo n s .

B U T b e c au fe it w o u ld t ak e u p to o m uc h
Ti m e t o fh e w i n t h is P lac e th e fu ll an d ju ft
R e afo n s w h y an d h o w th e fe l o n g P e ri o ds o f
,

L i fe d e p e n d u p o n th e St a bility o f th e H e av e n s .

An d h o w 0 11 th e co n t1 ar y fr o m t h e ir In co n fi an cy
°

a n d Mu t a bility th e fe P e ri o ds ar e fh o r t e n d as i n
’

t h e p r e fe n t O rd e r o f N at u r e w e w il l fe r ap art
t h e n e xt C h apt e r to tr e at u p o n t h at S u b j eél ;

y e t by w a y o f D i g r e fl i o n o n ly fo a s t h o fe t h a t ,

h av e a m i n d m ay p a fs t o th e fo l lo w i n g w h e r e ,

th e T h r ead o f t h is D i fco u r fe is c o n ti n u e d In .

t h e m e an T i m e yo u fe e w e h av e p re p ar d ’

a n E art h fo r Y a r a di e an d giv e n a fair an d i n

’
f ,

t e l li g i b l e Acc o u n t o f th o fe t h r ee g e n e r a l C h a
r aéf e r s , w h ic h a cco 1 di n g to th e Ru le s o f Me
,

t h o d n 1 u ft b e de ter m i n d b e fo r e an y fu rt h e r Pr o
’ ’

e f n b e m d e 1 n th 1 s Arg u m e n t F t h e
g r s ca a o r 1 11
’
D o étr i n e o f Y a r a difie t h er e ar e tw o t h i n gs to
b e c o n fider d t h e St at e o f it a n d th e Pl ac e
,

o f it
°

An d as it is fir ft 1 n O rd e r o f N at u r e fo

“
,

i t 13 m u c h m o r e m at e ri al to fin d o u t th e St at e
,

o f 1 t t h an th e R e gi o n w h e r e 1 t fto o d 7c
ne e d
’
, .

no r fo ll o w t h e Wi n di n gs o f R iv e rs a n d th e ,

I n t erpr et ati on o f h ard N am e s to difcov et t h is ,

‘

we
C oncer ni n g the Tr im Ear th
.
, a nd Pa r a di/e . 277 .

w e t ak e m o r e faith fu l G u id es Th e u n an i m o u s
.

R e p o rts of An tiq uity , facr e d an d pr o fan e , (Up ,

p o rt e d by a r eg u l ar Th eo ry U p o n th e fe Gro u nds
.

w e g o , an d h av e t h u s far pr o c e e de d 0 11 o u r w ay
w h ic h we h o p e w il l gr o w m o r e ea fy a n d pl e a
fant, th e n ear e r We c o m e to o u t jo u r n e y s E n d
’

C H A P . IV .

Caufies f
’

1 D ig r tjfl on concer ni n th e n a tu r a l
‘
o
1
g
Th t
a th e Ma ch i ne of an Ani
S
f p g ,
roi n s a n d w h i ch a r e th e t wo
p r i nci a l
p T
.h e A e o th e d ntedi lu ui a ns to
g f
f

he comp uted by S o l ar, not L u nar T eu r s .

O c o n fir m o ur O pi n i o n c o n c e rn i n g
th e R e a fo n s o f L o n g e vity i n t h e fir ft
W
I n h abit an ts o f th e o rld, it w ill n ot b e a
m i fs to d ed u c e m o r e at l arg e th e n at u r al
T
C au fes o f long , o r floor t er i ods of L ife An d
w h en w e fp e ak o f long o r fli or t er i ods o
f T
L ife, w e do n o t m ean th o fe littl e Di ffe
r en ees o f ten , t w e n ty , o r fo rty Y e ars, w h ich
w e fee am o n g fi Men n o w ad ays , a cc o rdi n g as
t h e y ar e o f fi r o n g er o r w e ak e r C o n fii tu ti o n s ,
a n d g o v e r n th e m fe lv e s b ett e r o r w o r fe ; b u t

t h o fe r an d an d fam o u s Di ffe r e n c e s o f fe v er al
g
h u n dr e ds o f Y ears, wh ic h w e h av e E x am pl e s
o f i n th e di ffe r e n t Ag e s o f th e o r ld , an d W
p artic u l ar l y i n th o fe t h at l i v d b e fo r e a n d fin c e
’

t h e Fl o o d . N eit he r do w e t h i n k it p e c u liar
t o t h is E art h to h av e fu ch a n I n e q u a lity 1 n th e

Li v es of Men ; b ut th e o t h e r P l anets, i f t h ey
T3 be
 Th e Theorj hf the RTH EA .

b e 1 n h ab 1 ted h av e th e fa m e Pr o p er ty an d th e ,

fa me D i ffe 1 e n c e i n t h e ir di ff e r e n t P e ri o ds A l l .

Pl an ets t h at a r e i n th e ir An tedilu vi an State an d 1 n ,

t h e ir h r i c a n d r e g u l a r Sit u ati o n to th e S u n hav e

’
,

l o n g liv d I n h abit a n ts ; an d th o fe t h at a r e 1 n ati

’ '
-
,

o bliq u e Sit u ati o n h a v e fh o r t li vd ; u nle fs t h er e

’

b e fo m e c o u n t e r C au fes t h at h i n d er t h is g e ne
r al R u l e o f N at u r e fr o m t aki n g Pl a c e .

W E ar e n o w fo u s d to a ih o r r L i fe an d to
’

d r o p aw ay aft e r th r e e fc o r e o r fo u r fc o r e Y e ats ,

t h at w hen We c o m p ar e o u r L iv e s w it h th o fe
o f th e A n t e di l u vi an s w ,
e t hi n
k th e W o n d e r
l i e s w h o lly o n t h e ir Sid e w hy t h e y liv d fo
’

, .

l o n g An d hi i t d o t h p o p u l ar l y fp e ak i n g ; b u t
i f w e fp e ak Ph i lo fo ph tc ally th e Wo n d e r h es ,

r at h er o n o u r fide w hy w e li v e fo l itt le o r
, ,

fo ih o r t a Ti in e F o r fe e i n g o u r B odi e s ar e
fuch Mac h i n e s as h av e a F a c u lty o f n o ur i fh i n g
t heiii fel v es t h at is o f r e p a i ri n g t h e ir lo ft o r
, ,

d ecay d P arts fo s t h e y h av e g o o d Nou

’

r i ih m en t t o m ak e w h y fh o u ld t h e y n o t
c o n ti nu e i n g oo d P l igh t an d a l w ay s th e fam e
, ,

a s a Fl am e d o e s , fo l o n g as i t is fu pp li e d w it h
F e w e l ? A n d t h at w e m ay t h e b ett e r fe e o n
w h et h e r fide th e Wo n d e r l i e s an d fr o m w h at ,

C au fes it pr o c eeds w e w ill p r o o fe t h is Pr o

bl em t o b e e x am i n d Whf th e E
,

r a me or
’

ch i ne of a n h u ma n B ody or o
,
f a noth er d u i

ma l h a v i ng th a t Con/i r i éi i on of Ta r ts a nd
’
, ,

th o F a cu lti es w h i ch i t h a th , la/l s fo jh
fe or t a

T i me 7 A n d th o it fall i n t o n o D i feafe , n o r
.

h av e an y u nn atu r al Ac cid en t , wit h i n th e Sp ac e

of
3 80 Th Th eo y ofe r th e E A R TH .

ca
y by D e r e e s fo as n o t p er fo rm i n g fo w ell t h ei r
g ,

fe v er a l Offi c e s a n d F u n éi i o n s fo r th e D i g efii o n
,

a n d D i fir 1 b u t i o n o f th e F o o d an d its
I u i ces a ll ,

t h e o t h e r Pa r ts ( u ffer by it a n d dr a w s o n i n fe n
,

fib ly a D e c ay u p o n th e w h o l e Fr a m e o f th e B o dy .

Th is is all tr u e ; b u t w h y a n d h o w c o m es t h is
,

t o p al s Fro m wh at C au fes Wh er e is th e firfi

’

? .

F ail u r e an d wh at ar e th e C o n feq u e n ce s o f 1 t
,

Th e i n w a rd p arts do n o r defir o y t h e m fe lv es an d ,

w e l u pp o fe t h at t h e r e is n o w a n t o f g o o d F o o d ,

n o r a n y D i fe afe a n d w e tak e the B o d y 1 n its

,

fu ll Str e n gt h an d Vig o u r w h y d o t h it n o t co n
,

t i n u e t h u s as a L a m p d o e s i f y o u fu ppl y it
, ,

w it h O i l ? Th e C au fes b e i n g th e fa m e w h y ,

d o t h no r th e fam e E ffe ct {ti ll fo ll o w ? Wh y

lh o u ld n o t t h e Fl a m e o f L i fe as w e ll as a n y o ,

t h er Fl a m e i f y o u giv e it F e w e l c o n ti n u e i n its
, ,

F o rc e w it h o u t L an g u i lh i ng o r D e c a y .

Y 0 U w ill fay it m ay b e th e C afe is n o t th e

, ,

fa m e i n a fim p l e B o dy fu c h as a L am p o r a Fir e
, ,

a n d i n an o rg an ic a l B o dy ; w h ic h b e i n g v ari
o u fl y c o m p o u n d e d o f Mu l ti pl ic i ty o f P arts ,

a n d a ll th o fe Parts p u t i n C o n n ex i o n an d D e

e n dan c e o n e u p o n an o t h e r i f any o n e fai l i t

p , ,

w il l di fo r der th e w h o l e Fr a m e ; and th e r efo re

i t m u tt n ee ds b e m o r e di ffic u lt fo r fu ch a B o dy
t o c o n ti n u e l o n g i n th e fame St at e th an fo r a ,

fim p le B o dy t h at h ath n o V ari ety o f P arts o r

,

O p e r ati o n s . I ac k n o w l edg e fu c h a B o dy is
m u c h m o r e fu b je ét t o D i fe a fes a n d A ccid e n ts
t h an a m o r e fi m pl e b u t b arri n g a ll D i fe afe s
a n d A ccid e n ts as w e do
, i t m ig h t b e o f as
,

long a D u r ati on as a y o t h er f it
n i W a s (up
;
,

P W .
 l
p y d w
’
it h N o u r i lh m en t ad e q u at e ly to a ll its ,

P a rts A s t h is L am p w e fp eak o f, if it c o n fifie d

o f t w e n ty Br an c h es , a n d e ac h o f th e fe B ran c h es

w as to b e fe d w it h a di ff e r en t O i l, an d th e fe
.

O ils c o u ld b e all m i x d t o g e t h e r i n fo m e c o m
’

m o n C i ltern , w h e n c e t h e y wer e to b e di fir i b u t
'
’

c d i n t o th e fe v er al Br an c h e s e it h e r a cc o rdi n g to
'

t h e ir di ffe r en t D egr e es o f L i g h tn efs , o n e r i fin g

h ig h er i th an an o t h e r ; o r a cc o rdi n g to th e C a
p ac i ty a n d Fig u r e o f t h e littl e Pip e s t h e y w ere

to pa fs t h r o ; fu c h a c o m p o u n d e d L a m p , m ad e
’

u p o ff u ch Ar ti fic es, w o u ld i n d ee d b e m o r e fu b

j eti to Acc id en ts and to b e o u t o f O rd e r, by th e

Ob fir u éti on of fo m e o f th e litt le Pip e s , o r fo m e
‘

u n fit 1 ali ti e s i n th e O ils ; b u t al l th e fe C a
Q
iualti es an d D i fo r der s e xc e pt ed , as t h e y ar e i n
o u r C a fe , i f i t w as fu pp ly d w it h c o n v e n i en t
’ ’

L iq u o rs, it w o u ld b u r n as lo ng as an y o t h e r,
th o m o r e p l ai n an d fim p le
’
.

1
.
To i nfian ce yet, fo r m o r e Plai nn efs, i n ano
t h er fo r t o f Mac h i n e ; fu ppo fe a Mi ll , wh er e
t h eWat e r m ay r e pr e fen t t h e No u r i lh m e n t a n d
H u m o u rs i n o u r B o dy , a n d th e Fr am e o f Wo o d
an d S t o n e, th e fo li d P arts i f w e c o u ld fa p . .

p o fe t h is Mill to h av e a P o wer o f n o u r i lh ing

i tfe lf by th e Wat e r it r ec ei v d, and o f r ep air
’

i ng a ll th e P arts t h at we r e w o r n aw ay , w h e
.

t her o f th e Wo o d wo rk o r o f th e St o n e, fee d
- .

it b u t w ith a co n fian t Str eam , an d it w o u ld

. .
‘

fu b li fi and gri n d fo r e v e r An d tis th e fam e

‘

’
.

Th i n g for all o th e r artifici al Mach i n e s o f t h is

N at u r e, i f t h ey had a F acu lty o f n o ur i lh in g
th emfelves , and r ep i r i n g t h ei r P arts
a An d .
 The Theory of th e

feei n g th o fe n atu r al Mach i n es w e ar e {p eaki ng

' '

o f, th e B o dy o f Man , a n d o f 0 1 h e r An i m als ,
*

h av e an d e n j o y t h is F ac u lty , w h y {h ou ld t h e y .

n o t b e a ble to r e fe r v e t h e m fe lv es b ey on d t h at
p
{h o rt P e ri o d o f Ti m e, w h ic h is n o w th e Me a
'

fu r e o f th ei r L i fe
l

THU 3 m u ch w e h av e faid , to fh ew th e Di ffi
c u ty p o po s ,
l d d i o rc e it w m u fi
f
’

r an n e n o w c o n ;

h d e r th e tr u e An fw er an d R e fo lu ti o n o f it ; and
to t h at pu r po fe bri n g i n to V i e w ag ai n th o fe
'

C au fes w h ic h w e h av e affig n d, b o t h o ft h e l o n g
’ ‘

P e ri o ds o fL i fe be fo r e th e Fl o o d an d o f th e fh o r t ,
‘

o n e s fin c e T
. h at t h er e w as a p e rp e t u al Eq u i n o x
an d St ab i l ity o f th e H eav e n s b e fo r e th e Fl o o d ;
.
;

w e h av e lh e w d b o t h fr o m Hi fio r y an d R eafo n
’
'

n e it h e r w as t h e r e t h en an y t h i n g o f C l o u ds ,
R ai n s ,W i n ds , St o r m s , o r u n eq u al Weat h e r, as ’

will app e ar i n th e fo ll o w i n g C h apt e r ; an d to

t h is Steadi n e fs o f N at u r e, an d u n i v er fal Ca lm :
n e ts o f th e e xt e r n al W
o rld , w e h av e i m p u t e d

t h o fe lo n g P e ri o ds o f L i fe w ic h Me e n j
h d at
’
f
n o
y
t h at Ti m e As o n th e c o n trary , w h en t h at gr e at
C h an g e a nd R e v o lu ti o n h app en e d to N at u r e at
t h e D e l u g e , an d th e H e av en s a nd t h e E art h
w e r e c alt i n a n o t h er Mo u l d , t h e n w as b ro u gh t
i n , b efide s m an y o t h e r n e w Sc en e s , t h at S h ort
n e fs a n d V an ity i n th e L i fe o f Man , a n d a g e ‘

n e r a l In fiab i l i ty i n all fu b l u n ar y Th i n gs , b u t
'

e fp e ci ally i n th e an i m at e o r ld W .

It is n ot n ec e fiar y toi h e w m o r e t h an w e h ave

‘

d o n e alr e ady , h o w t h at pri m itiv e St at e of Na

t u r e c o ntrib u t e d to lon g L i fe n eit h er is it t e ‘

d t h t it fh l d Ct l rib t b
’

q u ir a o u a i ve
y co n t u e ut ,

z
2 84 . Th e Theo f
iy o th e E AR TH .

d u r ab le t h an u n d er t h at fir fi O rd e r o f th e
no w,

W o rld b ec au fe o f th e u n eq u al an d c o n tr ary Mo
,
~

t i o n s o f th e El e m en ts o r o f th e A i r an d Hi t h er
,

t h at p e n etr at e an d p ervad e t h e m ; an d tis P art o f

’

t h at V an ity w h ic h al l T h i n gs n o w ar e fu b jeé t to ’
,

to b e m o r e pe r i lh ab l e t h an i n t h e ir firfi C o n fii tu
ti on . If w e {h o u ld c o n fider o u r B o di e s o n ly as
br e at h i n g St at u e s c o n fifii n g o f th o fe P arts t h e y
,

do a n d o f t h at Te n de r n e fs t h e A i r w h ic h w e
, ,

b r e at h e a n d w h e r ew it h w e ar e c o n ti n u ally i n
,

c o m p afi c h an gi n g fo o ft e n t w ixt m o i ft a n d dry
’

, ,

h o t a n d c o ld a fl o w a n d e ag e r Mo ti o n th e fe
, ,

di ffe r e n t Afi i o n s an d r efile fs C h an ge s wo u ld
fo o n e r w e ak e n an d defir o y th e U n i o n of th e
P arts t h an i f t h ey w e r e al w ays i n a c alm and
,

q u i et Medi um .

B U I it i s n o t th e gr o fs an d v i fible C o n ti nu i
t y o f th e P a rts o f o u r B o dy t h at fir fi d e c ays ;

t h er e ar e fine r Text u r e s t h at ar e fpo i l d i n fe n}

’

ftb ly an d dr aw o n th e D e c ay o f th e t e ll ;
,

fu c h ar e t h o fe o t h e r tw o w e m en ti o n d t h at
’

D i fpo fiti o n a n d Tem p e r o f th e P arts w h e r e by

t h ey ar e fit to r e c e iv e t h e ir fu l l No ur i lh m en t
a n d e f e c i a lly t h at C o n fir u éti o n a n d T e xt u r e
p
o f th e O rg a n s t h at a r e pr e p ar at o ry to t h is N u

t r i ti o n Th e N u tr i b i li ty o f th e B o dy d ep en ds
.

u p o n a c e rt ai n T e m p e r a m en t i n t h e P arts fo ft ,

an d yi e ld in g w h ic h m ak e s t h e m o pen to th e
,

B l o o d an d J u ic e s i n t h e ir C i rc u l ati o n an dPa f ‘

fag e t h r o t h e m an d m i x 1 n g i n t i m at el y an d
’

, ,

u n i v er fall y h o ld fall an d r et ai n m an y o f t h e ir
,

P articl e s as m u ddy E art h d o t h th e P arts o f

th e Wat e r t h at r u n s i n t o it an d m ix eth w i th
3 ll ?
Concer ni ng the Tr i m E a r th , m a dm an
'
‘

. . z 85
i t : An d w h en th e fe n u tr i t1 o u s P a rticl e s t e
'

r a i n d ar e m o r e t h an th e B o dy fp en ds, t h at Bo
’

dy is i n its G ro w t h as w h en t h e y ar e fe we r ,
’
tis i n its D e c ay An d as we co m par d th e
.
’

F lefh and t e n d e r P arts , wh en t h e y a r e y o u n g ,

an d i n a gr o w i n g D i fp o fiti o n , to a m u d dy S o il ,

t h at O p e n s to th e Wat er, {wel l s an d i n co rpo

r at es w it h i t ; (0 wh e n t h e y b eco m e h ard a nd
dry , t h e y ar e l ik e a fandy E art h , t h at fu ffer s
th e Wat e r to g lid e t h ro u g h it , w it h o u t i n co rp o
r ati n g o r r et ai n i n g m an y o f its P arts ; an d th e

fo on e r t h e y c o m e to t h i s Te m p e r, th e fo on e r
fo llo w s t h e ir D e c ay : F o r th e fame C au fe s ,
.

t h at fet L i m its to o ur G r o wt h , fet al fo L i

m its to o u r L i fe an d h e t h at c an r e fo lv e t h at
(l ue fiio n , w hy th e Ti m e o f o u r G r o w t h is fo
'

fh o r t, w i ll a l fo b e a b le to r e fo lv e th e o t h e r i n
a g o o d Mea fu r e , w hy th e T i m e o f o u r L ife
is fo ib o rt In b o t h C afes, t h at w h ich fl o ps o u r
.

Pr og r efs is ex t e rn al Natu r e,w h o fe C o ur fe,wh i le

it w as ev en an d Re ady , an d th e am bi en t A ir m il d
an d b alm y , f d h B dy m u ch l o n ge r i n
’
“

p re er v t e o

a fr efh and fit T e m p e r to r ec e iv e its fu ll N o u

r i lh m en t, an d co n fe u e n tl y g av e l arg e r B o u n ds
q
b Oth to o u r Gr o wt h a n d L i fe .

BU Tth e t hird t h i n g w e m e n ti o n d is th e m o lt ’
’

c o n fider ab l e , th e D e c ay o f th e O r an i ck P arts
g
a n d e f eci al l o f th e O rg a n s r p r at o ry t o N u
p y p e a
tr i ti o n T h is i s th e P o i n t c h i e fly to b e ex am i n d
’
.

an d e x lain d, an d t h e r efo r e w e w ill e n d e av ou r

’

p
to h at e it fu lly an d difi i n a ly .Th er e ar e fe
v e ral F u n éti o n s i n th e B o dy o f an An i m al , an d

fe ve ral O rg ans fo r th e C onduét o f t h em ; an d

'

I am
3 86 Th e Theory if E TA R 11 3 th e.

I am o f Opi n i o n t h at all th e O rg an s o f th e B o dy
,

ar e i n th e N at u r e o f Spri n gs and t h at t h e ir A fl i ,
—a

o n is t o n ic al Th e Aéti o n o i th e Mu fc l e s 1 s ap
. a

p at en tly fo an d fo is t h at o f th e H eart an d th e
,

S t o m ac h an d as fo r th o fe P a rts t h at mak e S e; ,

c r e ti o n s o n ly as th e G la ndntes an d T
, a r enchj

ma ta i f t h e y b e an y m o r e t h an m e r e ly p a fl i v e
, ,

a s Str ai n e rs ,tis th e To n e o f th e P arts w h en di f

’

t e n d e d t h at p e r fo r m s th e S e p ar ati o n
, An d a c
c o r di n g ly i n all O t h e r activ e O rg an s t h e Afti o n ,

r c ds fr m a T o n e i n th e P a rts A d t h is
p o ee o n .

fee m s to b e e afily pr o v d b Oth as to o u r B o di e s ;

’

a n d all o t h e r B o di e s ; fo r n o Matt e r t h at is n o t

fl u id h at h an y Mo ti o n o r Afi i o n i n it b u t i n
, ,

V irt u e o f fo m e T o n e ; i f Matt e r b e fl u id its P arts ,

a r e aftu ally i n Mo ti o n a n d c o n fe u e n
q t l y m
, a y
i m p e l o r giv e Mo ti o n to O t h e r B o d i es ; b u t if it
b e fo l i d o r c o n fifien t th e P arts ar e n Ot fep ar ate
,

o r fe p ar ate ly m o v d fr o m o n e a n o t h e r an d t h e r e
’

fo r e c an n o t i m p e l o r giv e Mo ti o n to a n y o t h e r ,

b u t i n virt u e O f t h e ir To n e ; t h e y h avi n g n o o t h e r
Mo ti o n t h em fe lv es A cc o rdi n gly w e fe e i n Ar
.

t i fic i al Mac h i n e s t h e r e ar e b u t t wo g e n e r a l S o rt s
, ,

t h o fe t h at m o v e b y fo m e fl u id o r v ol atil e Mat
t er as Wat er W i n d Ai r o r fo m e afci v e Spir t ;
’
, , , i ,

a n d th o fe w h ic h m o v e by Spri n gs o r by th e ,

To n i ck D i fpo fitio n o f fo m e P art t h at giv e s

Mo ri o n to th e r efl : F o r as fo r fu c h Mac h i n es
a s aft by We ig h ts tis n a th e We ig h t t h at i s
’

th e ac tiv e Pri n cip le b u t th e Ai r o r E i t h e r

,

t h at i m p e ls it Ti s tr u e th e B o dy o f an Ani
.
’

m al is a ki n d o f m i x d Mac h i n e a n d th o fe O r
'

z r5
g ans t h at are th e pri m ary P arts o f i t p ar tal e 0 ,

o
2 88 T
h T
h f
e h e EA R i ii
eory o t ‘
.

Th e fe ar e th e S o u rc e s o f L i fe an d th efe are all

“

t h at is a b fo lu te ly n e cefl ar y to th e C o n fl i tu tio n
’

o f a livi n g C r e at ur e ; w h at P arts w e fin d m o r e ,

fe w o r m an y O f o n e fo rt o r o t h e r acc o rdi n g to ,

th e fe v e r al ki n ds o f C r e at u r e s is a ccid en t a l to ,

o u r Pu r po fe Th e F o r m o f an An i m al as w e
.
,

ar e t o c o n fider it h e r e l i e s i n t h is littl e C o ni
’

a fs an d w h at is fu er a dde d 1 5 fo r fo m e n e w Pu r
‘

p , p
o fes b efides t h at o f me r e L i fe a s fo r S e n fe
p , , ,

Mo ti o n G en er ati o n an d fuch lik e As m a

, , .

Watc h b efide th e Mo v e m ent w h ich is m ad e to

,

t e ll y o u th e Ho u r o f th e D ay w h ic h co nfl i tu tes a ,

\V atc h y o u m ay h av e a F an cy t o h em an Alar rn
’ ‘

a dd e d o r a Mi n u t e Mo ti o n
, o r th at it lh o uld
-
,

t e ll y o u th e D ay o f th e Mo n t h an d th is fo m e
ti m es w il l r eq u ire a n e w Spri n g fo m eti me s o n ,

l y n e w Wh e e ls ; h o w e v e r 1 f y o u wo u ld e x am i ne
,

t h e N at u r e o f a V V atch a n d u p o n w h at its Mo
,

ti o n o r i f I m ay fO fay its L i fe d ep e n ds yo u
, , , ,

m u tt l ay afide th o fe fe co n dar y Mo v e m e n ts a n d ,

o b fer v e t h e m ai n Spri n g a n d th e Wh ee ls t h at ,

i m m e di at e ly d ep e n d u p o n t h at fo r all th e r cfl
‘

i s a ccid en t a l S O fo r th e L i fe o f a n A n i m al ,

w h ic h is a pi e c e o f N at u r e s C l o ck w o rk i f
’
-
,

w e w o uld e x am i n e u p o n w h at th e D u r ati o n Of
it d ep e n ds w e m u ll l ay afide th o fe additi o nal
,

P arts o r S yfl em s o f P arts w hi c h ar e fo r o th e r ,

Pu r p o fe s a n d c o n fide r o n ly th e fir fl Pri n cipl e s

,

a nd F o u n t a i n s o f L i fe an d th e C a u fe s o f t h eir
,

n at u r a l a n d n e c e fl ar y D e c ay .

H A v I N G t h u s r e duc d o u r I n q u iri es to th efe

’

t wo O rg a ns th e St o m ac h an d th e H eart as
'

, ,

t he tw o Matte r Spri ngs i n th e Me c h an i fm O f

“ -

an
 hn An i mal, p o n w h i ch all th e r efl d ep en d le t
u ,

u s n o w fe e w h at t h e ir Afi i o n is and h o w i t w il l ,

b e m o r e o r l e fs d u r abl e and c o n fl an t acc o rdi n g ,

t o th e diffe r e n t St at es o f ext e r n al N atu r e We .

d e te r m i n d b e fo r e t h at th e F o rc e an d Aéti o n o f
’

a ll O rg a n s i n th e B o dy w as t o n ic al an d o f n o n e ,

m o r e r em ark ably t h a n o f th e fe t w o th e H e ar t: ,

an d St o m a c h ; for t h o u g h it b e n o t cl e arly d e

term i n e d w h at th e p artic u l ar Str ué tu r e o f th e fe ’

O rg an s o r o f t h e i r F 1 b r es is t h at m ak e s t h e m
, ,

to n ic a l y e t tis m a n i fe fl by t h e ir Aé ri o n s t h at
’ ’
, ,

th e y ar e fo In th e St o m ac h b efides a p e c u li ar
.
,

‘
F e r m e n t t h at o p en s an d di ffolv e s th e Parts o f th e
Me at an d m e lts t h em i n t o a Fl u o r o r P u lp th e
,

C o ats o f i t o r Fibr es wh e r e o f t h e y c o n fi fl h av e
, ,

a MO ti o n pr o p e r to t h e m pro c e edi n g f ro m
,

t h e ir To n e w h e re by t h e y c lo fe th e St o m ac h
"

, ,

an d Co m pre fs th e Me at w h e n it is r e c e i v d an d
l ’

w h e n t u r n d 1 n to C h yl e p r e fs 1 t fo r wards, an d
’
'

fq u e ez e it i n t o th e In tefl i n es ; a n d t h e i n tci
h i n e s al fo p art aki n g o f th e fa m e Mo r i o n p u lh
‘

,
'

a n d w o rk it [till fo r w a rds i n t o t h o fe lit tl e

V e i n s t h at c o n v e y i t t o w ards t h e H e a rt Th e .

H e art b ath th e fam e g e n eral Mo ti o n s with th e

St o m ac h o f o p eni n g an d fh u t ti ng an d h ath
,
ty
D,

a l fo a p e c u li ar F e r m e n t wh ic h r ar i fie s th e
,

Bl o o d t h at e n t ers i nt o it ; a nd t h at Bl o o d b y ,

t h e Spri n g o f t h e H e ar t an d th e p a rtic u l ar
,

Te xt u re o f its F i br e s i s t h r o wn o u t ag ai n to
,
“
m a k e its C irc u l ati o n t h r o th e B o dy
’

Th is is .
,

l n ih o r r t h e Aéi i o n o f b O th th e fe O rg a ns ;
'

, .

a n d i n d ee d th e Myft e r y o f t h e B o dy o f a n
’ ’

An i m al a n d o f i ts O p er ati o n s an d O e co n o nr y
, ,

BO 0 K II . U c on fifis
 The Theory of _
the E E R r H?
‘

c o n fifl s c h i efly i n Spri n gs an d F er m en ts th e one

fo r th e fo li d P arts t h e o t h e r i n th e fl u id
, .

B U T to app ly t h is Pabri e k o f th e o r g an i ck
P arts to o u r Pu r po fe w e m ay o b fer v e a nd
,

c o n cl u d e t h at w h atfo ever w e ak en s th e To n e
,

o r S ri n g o f th e fe t w o O r g an s w h ic h ar e th e
p ,

B afes o f all V i tali ty w eak en th e Pri n cip le O f

,

L i fe an d {h o rt e n th e n at u r al D u r ati o n o f it
,

a n d i f o f t w o O rd e rs o r C o u r fes o f N at u r e ,

t h e o n e b e fav o u r abl e and eafy to th e fe to

n i ck Pri n cipl e s i n th e B o dy a n d th e Ot h e r nu
,

e afy a n d pr e j u dici al t h at C o u r fe o f N at u r e
,

w ill b e att en d e d w it h l o n g P e ri o ds o f L i fe ,

a n d t h is w it h ih o r r An d w e h av e fh e w n
.
,

t h at i n th e Pri m itiv e E art h th e C o u r fe o f Na

t u r e w as e v en fl e ady an d u n c h ang e ab le w ith
, , ,

o u t e it h e r di ff e r en t Qu aliti e s o f th e Ai r o r nu ,

e q u a l S e afo n s o f th e Y e ar w h ic h m ufl n e eds
,

b e m o r e e a fy to th e fe P r i n cip l e s w e fp eak o f ,

a n d p e r m it t h e m to c o n ti n u e l o n g e r i n t h eir

Str en gt h an d Vigo r t h an t h ey c an p o f fib ly
,

do u n d e r all th o fe C h an g e s o f th e Air o f th e ,

Atm o fph er e an d o f th e H eav e n s w h ic h w e

, ,

n o w fu ffe r y early m o n t h ly an d d aily An d

, , .

t h o fac r e d H i fl o r y h ad n o t acq u ai n t e d u s w it h
’

t h e L o n g e vi ty o f th e An t e dil u vi an P atri arc h s ,

no r pr o fan e Hi fl o r y w it h th o fe o f th e G o ld en
A g e I fh o u ld h av e c o n cl u d e d fr o m t h e Th eo ry
'

a lo n e a n d th e C o n t e m pl ati o n o f t h at St at e o f
,

N at u r e t h at th e F o r m s o f all Th i n gs w er e m u c h
,

m o r e p e r m an en t i n t h at Wo rld t h an i n o u rs ,

a n d t h at th e L iv e s O f Me n an d all Ot h er An i a

m als h ad lon g er P eri o ds .

 T
he Théor) of E ARr ’
th e
'

p r e fl i o n o r b y
, F l e x i o n o r an y O t h e r w ay th e h tu3 ,

a ti On o f th e P arts a n d P o r e s b e ( 0 a lter d t h at th e
’

Air fo m eti m es b u t fo r th e m o ii P art t h at fu b ti l e r

,

E l em en t is u n e a fy an d c o m pr e fs d to o m u c h i t
,
’

c au fe th t h at R e n it e n cy o r T e nde n cy t o R e fi i tu

t i o n w h ic h w e c a ll th e To n e o r Spri n g o f a B0
, ,

dy No w as t h is D i fpo fiti o n o f B o di e s d o t h far

.
,

m o r e e a fi ly p e r i fh t h an t h e ir C o n ti n u i ty (O I ,

t h i n k t h e r e is n o t h in g t h at c o n trib u t e s m o r e
,

t o its p c r i lh i n g ( w h e t h e r i n n at u r al o r a rti fici al

-

S pri n gs) t ha n th e u n eq u a l Afi i o n an d di ff e r e n t
i a li t i e s o f t h e Z E th e r A i r an d Atm o fph er e
Q , , .

I t w ill b e ob je é ted to u s it m ay b e t h at i n
’
, ,

th e b egi n n i n g o f th e C h apt e r w e i n fian c d i n

’

a rti fici a l T h i n gs t h at w o u ld c o n ti nu e fo r e v e r
, ,

i f t h e y h ad b u t th e P o w e r o f n o u r i fh i n g th e m
fe lv e s as L am ps Mi lls a n d fu ch l ik e ; w h y
'

, , ,

t h en m ay n o t n at u r al Mac h i n es t h at h av e t h at
P o w e r l afl fo r e v er 1 Th e C afe is n o t th e
fam e as to th e B o di e s o f An i m als an d th e ,

Th i n gs th e r e i n fl an c d i n fo r th o fe w e r e fpr i n g
’

,
z

l e fs Mac h i n es t h a t a ft o n ly by fo m e e x rer n al
,

G au fe a n d n o t i n Virt u e o f an y To n e o r i m
,

r et io t T e m p e r O f t h e P arts a s o u r B o di e s do ,

a n d w h e n t h at T one or T e m pe r is de fi r o y d
’

a ,

n o No u r i lh m e n t c a n r e p air i t Th er e is fo m e .

t h i n g I fay irr ep ar abl e i n t h e t o n ic al D i fpo

, ,

fitio n o f Ma tt e r w h ic h w h en w h o l l y l o ft c an
‘
-
,

n o t b e 1 e fi 0 1 d by N u triti o n N u trit i o n m ay .

a n fw e r t o a b ar e C o n fu m ti o n o f P arts ; b u t
p
w h e r e th e P arts ar e to b e p r e fer v d i n fa c h a
’

Te m p e r a m e n t o r i n fu c h a D egr ee o f H u mi
,

dity an d Dr i n c fs War mt h R arity o r D enfity , , ,

to
Concerni ng th e Tr i m E arth , a nd T
. ar a a ifi
’ ’
. 2 93

to m ak e t h e m c ap ab le o f t h at No u ri fh m e n t, as
w e l l as o f t h e ir o t h e r O p er ati o n s , as O rg an s ,
( w h ic h is th e C a fe O f o u r B o di e s ) t h e r e t h e He a

v e n s , t h e Ai r, a n d e xt e r n al C au fe s w ill c h an g e
th e Qi ali ti es o f th e Matt er 1 n fp i te o f all N u tri
ti o n ; an d th e QNu ali ti es o f th e Matt e r b ei ng
c h an g d, ( i n a C o u r fe o f N at u r e, w h er e t h e
’

C au fe c anno t b e t ak e n a w ay) t h at is a F au lt i 1i
c o rrigibl e , an d irr ep ar abl e by t h e N o u r i lh e n t m
t h at fo l lo w s , b ei n g h i n dr e d o f i ts E fl eé t by th e
’
’

In di fp o fiti o n o r I n c ap acity o f t h e R e cipi e n t .

An d as t h e y fay, a F au lt i n th e fir lt C o n co tti o n
‘ ‘

c an n o t b e co rr efted i n th e fe co n d ; fo n e it h e r
c an a F au lt i n th e Pr e r e u i fites to all th e C o n
q
c o fci o ns b e c o rr ec te d by an y o f t h e m
’
.

I k n o w th e An ci en ts m ad e th e D ec ay an d
Te r m Of L i fe to d ep e n d r at h e r u p o n t h e Hu
m o u rs o f th e B o dy , t h an th e fo li d P arts a n d ,

fupp o s d an Ha mi da m r a di ca le a n d a Ca li
’

clnm i nna ta m, as t h e y c a ll t h e m , a r adic a l Mo i ‘

ffu t e a n d c o n g en i t H e at t o b e i n e v e ry B o dy,
fr o m its Birt h an d fir ft F o r m ati o n 5 an d as th e fe
decay d, L i fe de c ay d Bu t w h o s w i fe r fo r
~

’ ’ ’

t h is Acc o u n t , w h at d o t h t h is i n fir u ét u s i n ?
W e k n o w t h e r e is H eat a n d Mo ifl u r e i n th e
B o dy , and yOu m ay c a ll th e o n e R a di ca l a n d
'

t h e o t h e r Inn a te i f yo u l e a fe 5 t h is is b u t a
,
p
fo rt o f C an t fo r w e k n o w n o m o r e o f t h e
,

r e al ph yfic al C au fe s o f t h at E ff e ét w e e n qu i r d
‘ ’
’

i n to t h a n
, did b e fo r e Wh at m ak e s t h is
we
He a n d Mo i fl u r e fail i f th e No u r i fh me n t
.

be x gOd and all th e O rg an s i n t h e ir due

,

Str en gt h an d Temp e r ? T h e fir ft an d o rigi n al

F ai lu r t
2 94 Th Theory of
e th e E A Rr '
H .

F ail ur e i s n o t i n th e F lu id b ut i n th e fo li d P arts ;
,

w h ic h i f t h ey c o n ti nu ed th e fam e th e H u m o u rs ,

w o u ld do fO to o Befl des Wh at b efel t his r adic al

.
,

Mo i fl u r e an d H eat at th e D e l u g e t h at it fh o u ld ,

d e c ay fo fafi aft e r wards an d l afi fo l o n g b efo re

,

Th e r e is a c ert a i n Te m p e r n o d o u bt o f th e , ,

J u ic es an d H u m o u rs o f th e B o dy w h ic h 1 5 m o r e ,

fit than a n y o t h er to c o n fe rv e th e P arts fr o m Dri

'

n e fs a nd D e c ay ; b u t t h e C au fe o f t h at D r i n e fs

an d D e é ay o r o t h e r I n ability i n t h e fo li d P a rts
, ,

wh e n c e is t h at i f n o t fro m e x rern al N at u r e Ti s
,
’

t h it h e r w e m u ff c o m e at l en gt h i n o u r S e arc h o f
t h e R e afo n s o f th e n at u r al D e c ay o f o u r B o di e s ,

we fo ll o w th e F at e and L aw s o f t h at : An d I .

t h i n k by th o fe C aufe s an d i n t h at O rd er t h at
, , ,

w e h av e alr e ady de fc r i b d an d e xpl ai nd

’ ’

To c o n c lu d e t h is D i fc o ur fe we m ay col
-

l eft fr o m it w h at J udg m en t 1 3 to b e m ad e o f
t h o fe Pr o je éi o r s o f I m m o rt a lity o r U n d er ,

t ak e rs to m ak e Men liv e to th e Ag e o f Me
th nfa la h i f t h e y w i l l u fe t h e ir Me t h o ds a n d
,

Medici n es Th er e is b u t o n e Met h o d fo r t h is ,

t o p u t th e S u n i n t o h i s O ld C o u r fe o r th e ,

E art h i n t o its firfl Po fl u re ; th er e is n o o t h e r

S e cr e t to pro l o n g L i fe ; o u r B o di es w ill fym '

h i z e w it h h e g e n e r al C o u r fe o f N at u r e
p at t ,

n o t h i n g c an g u ard u s fr o m it n o E lixir no , ,

Sp e ci fic n o Ph i lo fo ph er s St on e Bu t t h e r e
,
’

a r e E n th u fiafts i n Ph i lo fo ph y as w e ll as i n R e
’ '

l ig i o n ; Me n t h at g o by n o Pri n cipl es b u t ,

t h e ir o wn C o n c e it a n d F an cy a n d by a L i g h t ,

w it h i n w h ic h fh i n e s v e ry u n c e rt ai n ly a n d
, ,

for th e m olt P art l e ad s th em o ut o f th e Way

o f
 96 Th Th ry f e E A R TH:
eo o th e °

B U r as t h is Opi n i o n is i nco n fi ften t w ith Na ~

t u r e tr u ly u n de r fto o d fo is it al fo w it h c o m m o n
, ,

Hi lto r y fo r b e f des w h at I h av e a lr e ady m e n ti

‘
t ,

o n d i n th e fir fi C h apt e r o f t h is B o o k o e h us
yfp
’

t e lls u s (L i h i y ew z i nt Ch ap iv ) t h at t h e Hi
,
. . . . . .

fio r i a n s o f a l l N ati o n s b o t h Gr eek s a n d Bo r ha r i
,

a n s gi v e th e fa m e a c co u n t o f th e fir fi l n h a b i ta n ts
,

o f t h e E art h ; Man e t h o w h o w r i t th e S tor

y f
, o

th e E gypti an s ; Be r o fu s w h o w r i t th e C h al daz ,

an Hi fto r y a na th o/ e A uth or s th a t h a v e g i v en
’
,

a s a n 1 766 071 7 ”of th e P h oen ici an An ti u i ti es he

q ,

a es Mo l u s a n a H
’
e fti aeu s a n a Hi e r o n y m u s th e
’
fi ’
,

E gyp ti an a n a a mong /t th e G r e e ks Hefio du s

’
, ,

He c ate u s H e l
,
l a n i c us A c u fia l u s Ep h o r u s a na
,
’
,

N ic o l au s : We h a ve th e Saf r ag es f

th ei r com mon Con th a t i n t

’
a na / ent,

h 7 0e M en Z i n d a th on a na T N
f /
f
’

o t e 1 ear s ow .

w e c a n n o t w e ll fu p po fe t h at a ll th e fe Hi fio r i an s
m e an t L u na r Y e ars o r t h at t h e y a ll c o n fp i r d
'

t o g e t h er to m ak e a n d pro pag at e a F a b le .

L A S TL Y As N at u r e a n d pr o fan e H
, i fl o r y
d o di fo w n a n d c o n fu t e t h is O pi n i o n fo m u c h ,

m o r e d o t h facr e d Hifio r y n o t i n d e ed 1 11 p r o
fe fs d Te r m s fo r Mof es d o t h n o t fay t h at h e
’

u fe th Sola r Y ea rs ; b u t by fe v e r al Marks an d

O b fe r v ati o n s o r c o l later a l A r g u m en ts it m ay
, ,

b e cl e arly c ol le éted t h at h e do t h n o r u fe L n ,

na r As fir ft b e c au fe h e di fitn g u i lh e th Month s
.
,

and T ea r s i n t h e Hi fi o r y o f th e D e l u g e an d ,

o f t h e L i fe o f Noa h fo r G en v i i 1 1 h e fa it h . . .

i n th e fix h u n dr e dt h Y e ar o f N oa h s L 1 fe i n
’

th e fe c o n d Mo n t h c c It c a n n o t b e i m ag i n d
3
’

.
,

th a t i n th e fa m e V e r fe a n d S en t e n c e th e fe t w o

Ter m s
Concer nin g the iPr i nz E ar th , i . ma
'
Ta r a di e z
j .
97

Te rm s o f T ea r an d Month fh o u ld b e fo co n fo u n
ded as to fig n i fy th e fam e Th i n g ; a n d t h e r e fo r e
Noah s Ye ars w e r e n o t th e fam e w it h Mo n t h s
’

n o r co n fe q u e n t ly th o fe o f th e o t h e r P atri a rc h s ,

fo r We h av e n o R e a fo n to m a k e an y Di ffe r e n c e .

Be fide s w h at gr o u n d w as th e r e o r h o w w as i t
, ,

r o e r o r p e rti n e n t to r e ck o n as Mo s d o e s
p p fi ,
’

t h e r e fir fi feco n d t h ird Mo n t h as (0 m an y 0
, , , ,
0
g

i n g to a Ye ar i f e v e ry o n e o f t h em w as a Y e ar
,

A n d fee i n g t h e D e lu g e b eg u n i n th e fix h u n
'

d r e dth Y e ar o f N oah s L i fe an d i n th e fe co n d
’

Mo n t h an d e n d ed i h th e fix h u n dr edth an d fir ft
'

Y ear ( Ch ap V1 1 1 I th e fir ft o r fe c o n d Mo n t h
’
.
, .
,

a l l t h at w as b e tW1 x t th e fe t w o T e r m s o r a ll th e ,

D u r ati o n o f th e De lu ge m ad e b u t o n e Ye ar i n ,

N oah s L i fe o r it m ay b e n o t fo m u c h a n d w e
’

k n o w Mofes r e ck o n s a grea t m an y Mo n t h s 1 n
t h e D u r at i o n o f th e D e l u g e o as t h is is a D e
f ,
~

m o n fi r ati o n t h at Noa h s Y e ar s a r e n o t to b e u m
’

der fl o o d o f L nna r An d to i m agi n e t h at h i s Y e ars c’

are t o b e u n der fl o o d o n e w ay a n d th o fe o f h i s ,

fe ll ow P atri arc hs an o t h e r w o u ld b e a n u n ac
-

co u n t a bl e F i éti o n T h is arg u m e n t t h e r e fo r e e x
. .

t en ds to all th e An t edil u vi an s a n d N oah 5 L i fe ,

’

w ill t a k e i n th e Po fi di lu v i an s to o fo r yo u fe e
P art o f i t r u n s a m o n g ft t h e m an d ti es t o g e t h er ,

th e tw o Wo rlds : S o t h at i f w e e xc lu d e L u na r
Y ears fr om h i s L i fe w e e xcl u d e t h e m fr o m all
,

t h o fe o f h i s F ath e r s a nd th o fe o f h i s C h ildr en
, .

S E CO ND L Y If L unar Y e ars w e r e u n der fl o o d

, o

i n t h e Ag e s o f t h e A n t e dil u vi a n P atri arc h s '

,

t h e I n t e rv a l b e t w ixt th e C r eati o n an d th e D e

lu g e w ou ld b e to o ih or r an d i n m an y R e
‘

,
 "

2 95 The T
heory of th e B a ni -
n .

fp ea s i n c on gr u ou s Th er e wou ld b e b ut 1 6 5 3
.

Mo n t h s fr om th e B egi n n i n g o f th e Wo r ld to th e
F lo o d ; w h ic h c o n v ert e d i n t o co m m o n Y e ars,
‘

m ak e b u t 1 2 7 Y e ar s an d fiv e Mo n t h s fo r t h at In
t e r v al T
. h is p erv e rts all C h r o n o l ogy , an d b e fides,
m ak es th e N u m b er o f P e o pl e fo fm all a n d i n co n
fider ab l e at th e Ti m e o f th e De lu g e, t h at deli r o y
i n g o f th e Wo r ld t h e n w as no t fo m u c h as de
fi r o yi n g o f a C o u n try To w n w o u ld b e n o w
F o r fr o m o ne C o u ple y o u c an n o t w e ll i m agi n e
t h e r e c o u ld a ri fe a b o v e fiv e h u n dr e d Pe r fo n s i n

fo {h o rt a Ti m e ; b u t i f t h e re w e r e a t h o ufan d ,
’
tis n o t fo m an y as w e h av e fo m eti m e s i n a g o od
C o u n try V il la ge A n d w e r e th e Fl o o d g at e s o f
.
i

He av e n o pen d an d th e gre at Ab yfs bro k e n u p

’

t o de fir o fu ch an h andfu l o f Pe 0 le an d th e
‘

y p ,

W at ers r ai s d fift e en C u bits a b o v e th e h i g h elt

’
.
'

Mo u n t ai n s t h ro u g h o u t th e F ac e o f th e E arth ,

t o dr o w n a Par i ih o r t w o ? Is n o t t h is m o r e
i n cr e dibl e t h an o u r Ag e o f th e P atri arc h s
Be fidcs , Th is ih o r r I n t erv a l d o t h n o t l eav e
Ro o m fo r t en G e ne r ati o n s w h ic h w e fi n d ,
’
fr o m fl a a m to th e F l o o d n o r a ll o w s th e Pa ,

t r i arcli s A e e no u g h at t h e T
g i m e w h en t h e y

a r e fa id to h av e g o t C h ildr e n O n e h u n dr e d .

t w en ty ( -
ev e n Y e ars fo r t e n G e n e r ati o n s is v e

r y fi rai t g a n d o f t h e fe y o u m u fi t ak e o ff fo r ty
‘

i
fi x Y e ars fo r o n e G en e r ati o n o n ly o r fo r Noah
‘

, ,

fo r h e li v d fi x h u n dr e d Y e ars b e fo r e th e F loo d
’

a n d i f t h e y w e r e L u na r t h ey w o u ld co m e,
o

h o w ev e r t o fo rty fix o f o u r Y ears ; fo t h at fo r
-

t h e o t h e r n i n e G e n e r ati o n s o u w o u ld h av e b u t
y
e ig h ty o n e Y ears t h at is n i ne Y ears a pi ec e
, ,
-

I at
30 6 T
h Th oy o
f
e th e B
e rT An ni
b e fo r e th e ti m e t h e ir g etti n g C h i ldr en ; fd
of

as o n e c an fcar c e fo rb e ar to t h i n k t h at i t w as '
'
’ -

d o n e o n pu rpo fe to c u r e t h at I n c o n v e n i e n c e ;

a n d to fav o u r an d p r o te ét th e C o m p u t an o
’

L una r Y ea rs Th e t h i n g l o o ks fo lik e a n
.

t i fice ,a n d as d o n e to fe rv e a T urn t h at o n e ,

c an n o t b u t h av e a le fs O p i n i o n o f t h at C h t o

n o lo g y fo r it .

B U r n o r to e n t er u p o n t h at D i fp u te at pr e i
fe n t m e t h i n ks t h e y h av e n o t w r o u g h t th e C u r e
,

e ff e étu a lly e n o u g h ; fo r w it h th e fe fi x h u n dr e d

L u na r Y e a rs add e d th e S u m w ill b e o n ly o n e
,

h u n d1 e d fev e n ty th r e e c o m m o n Y e ars a n d o dd
Mo n t h s a n d fr o m th e fe d edu é ti n g as w e ‘
,

d i d b efo r e fo r N oa h fo r ty frx Y e ars a n d fo r

, , ,

A da m o r th e fir ft Ge n e r ati o n ab o u t e ig h t e e n
, , ,

( fo r h e w a s t w o h u n dr e d a n d t h irty Y e a rs o l d ,

a c co r di n g t o t h e S e tu a i nt w h e n h e b eg o r
p g
Seth ) t h e r e w ill r e m a i n b u t o n e h u n dr e d an d
ni n e Y e a rs fo r e ig h t G en e r ati o n s w h ic h w ill b e
t hirt ee n Y e ars a p i e c e an d o dd Mo n t h s ; a l o w
A g e t o g e t C h ildr e n i n a n d to h o ld fo r e ig h t
,

G e n e r ati o n s t o g e t h e r N e it h e r is th e o t h e r In
.

c o n v e n i e n c e w e m e n ti o n d w el l cur d b y th e
,
’

,
’

Sep tu ag i nt Acc o u n t n am e ly t h e fm all N u m

, ,

b e r o f P eo pl e t h at w o u ld b e i n th e Wo rld at
t h e D e lu g e ; fo r th e S e tu a i nt Acc o u n t i f
p g un ,

d er fto o d o f L una r Y e ars ad ds b u t fo rty fix

’ ~

c o m m o n Y e ars to th e Hehr ew Acc o u nt a n d to ,

th e A g e o f th e Wo rld at t h e D e l u g e i n w h ic h ,

t i m e t h e r e c o u ld b e b u t a v e ry fm a ll Ac c e f fio n

t o t h e N u m b e r o f Ma n ki n d So as b o t h th e fe
.

In co n gr u iti es c o n ti n u e th o ug h n o t i n th e fa m e
, ‘

d eg r ee ,
d e gr e e, a n d frau d g o o d i n e it h e r A cc o un t , i f 1 :
b e un d er fl o o d o f L una r Y e ars ;
Th i r d! Tr s m an i fefi fro m o t h er Texts o f
’

S cript u r e, an d fro m o t h e r C o n fider ati on s, t h at

o u r firfi F at h ers l i v d v ery l o n g , an d c o n fide
’

t a b ly l o n g e r t h an Men h av e d o n e fin ce, Wh e r e
a s , i f th e ir Y e ars b e i n t e rpr e t e d L una r , t h e r e is
‘

n ot o n e o f t h e m t h at l i v d to th e A g e t h at M
’

en

do n o w ; M
eth u a la h h i m fe l f did n o t r eac h
f
t h r ee fco r e a n d fift e e n Y e ars , u p o n t h at I n t e r »

r e tati o n ; w h ic h d o t h ex p r e fs t h e m n o r o n ly
p
b e l o w th o fe t h at liv d n ex t to th e F lo od, b u t
’

b e l o w all fo ll o w i n g G en er ati o n s to t h is D ay
a n d th o fe fir fr A g e s o f th e
’
W
o rl d w h ic h w e r e

a lw ays c e l e br at e d fo r Str e n gt h a n d Vi v a city , ar e

ma d s w k d f b l e as th e l afi D r e gs o f
’
‘

n
e a e a a n e e

N at u re . W
e m ay o b fer v e , t h a t aft e r th e Fl o o d

fo r fo m e Ti m e , till th e pr i fii n e Cr afis o f th e
’

Bo dy w as br o k e n by th e n e w C o u r fe o f Na
t u r e, t h e y l i v d fiv e , fo u r , t h r ee, two h u n
’

dr e d Y e ars , an d th e L i fe o f Me n fh o r ten d b y
’

D egr e e s ; b ut b efo r e th e Fl o o d w h en t h e y ,

l i v d l o n g e r t h e r e w as n o fa ch D ec r e a fe o r
’

,
.

d u l D l fi i n t h e ir L iv e s F o r N oa h
g r a a e c e n o n .
,

w h o w as t h e h it l i v d l o n g e r t h an Ada m ; a n d
’

Methufa la h w h o w as h it b u t two li v d th e
, ,
’

l o ng e ft o f a ll S o t h at it w as n o r ftm p ly t h e ir
’

D i fran c e fro m th e b egi n n i n g o f th e Wo rld

’

t h at m ad e t h e m li v e a {h o rt e r Ti m e b u t fo m e ,

C h an g e w h i ch h app en (1 1 n N at u r e aft er fa c h 3
’

P e ri o d o f Ti m e n amely at th e D el u ge w h e n ,

t h e D e c len fio n b e g u n L e t s fe t d o w n th e Ta
’
~
.

b le o f b ot h St at es .

A TABL E
11 TA BL E of th e Ag es Antedi luv i an
'

o
f th e
F a th er s .

Y ear s .

93 0

A TA B L E of th e Ag es f
o th e Tofia i iuni an
’

F a th er s , f r om S h em to J o fep h .

Tg ele — m — m — m
2
,
3 9,

T er ah -
z o5

A hr ah a m I75

I 8o
I 4 -7

1 10
 3 4
0 3 T
h T
h oy of th
e e r E a rt Ti t}
e

'
fo r th e fir fi Ag e s o f th e Wo rld If t h e y ex fen d .

t h e ir L una r A cc o u n t to th e Po ll di lu v i an s to o ,

t h e y w i ll (ti ll h e i n tang le d i n wo r fe Ab fu r di ti es
fo r t h e y m u fi m ak e t h e ir L iv es m i ferab l y fh o r t ,

a n d t h e ir Ag e of g e tti n g C h ildr en a lt o g e t h e r i h

c o n gr u o u s an d i m p o fli b le Na h or fo r Ex am pl e
.
, ,

w h en h e w as b u t t w o Y e ars an d t h r e e Mo n t h s
o ld m u ft h av e b eg o t T er a h A hr a h a nt s F at h e r
’
,

A n d al l th e r eft b et w ixt h i m a n d Sh em m u ll h av e
’

h ad C h i ldr e n b efo r e t h e y w e r e t h r e e Y e ars o ld

A pr e tty r ac e o f Pig m i es Th e n t h e i r L iv e s
.

w e r e pr o p o rti o n ab ly ib o rt fo r t h is N h or l i v d
’

, a

b u t e l e v en Y e ars an d fix Mo n t h s at t h is R at e
a n d h i s G r an dc h ild A hr a h a m w h o is fai d to,

h av e di e d i n a g ood old Ag e a nd f u ll of T , ea r s ,

( G e n. xxv . w as n o t fo u rt e e n Y e ars o ld .

Wh at a r idic u lous A cco u n t t h is giv e s o f Scrip

t u r e C h r o n olo gy an d Gen e al o gi es ? Bu t y o u l l ’

fay it m a y b e th e fe L u n a r Y e ar s ar e n o t to b e
, ,

c arri e d fo far as A hr a h a m n eit h e r ; t e ll u s t h e n

w h ere y o u l l P ro p an d w h y yo u fi o p i n fu c h
’

a Pl ace r at h e r t h an a n o t h e r If y o u o n c e
.

t ak e i n L una r Ye ars w h at G r o u n d is t h e r e i n
,

th e T e xt o r i n th e Hi fi o r y
, th at yo u fh o u ld
,

c h an g e y o u r w ay o f c o m p u ti n g a t fa c h a Ti m e ,

o r i n fu c h a Pl a c e ? A ll o u r a n ci en t C h r o n o lo

gy is fo u n d e d u p o n t h e B o o ks o f fil o/es w h e r e ,

th e T e rm s a n d P e ri o ds o f T i m e s ar e e x pr eft
by Y e ars an d o ft e n by G e n e a l o gi es an d t h e
,

L iv e s o f Me n ; No w i f t h efe Y e ars ar e fo m e
ti m es to b e i n t e rpr e t e d L u na r a n d fo m e ti m es ,

S ola r w it h o u t a n y D i fii n éti o n m ad e i n t h e
,

Text wh at L ig h t or c ert ai n R u le h av e w e
,

(0
 Concer ni ng th e Tr i m E a r th , a nd Ta r a dzfie,
0 0

.
; o5

é t h e fe A u t h o rs n am e t o u s th e
’

g y b L
'

to o ? t

rts Pl c s "
e r e , an d o n ly w h er e t h e
P a an d a e w h
L u na r Ye ars ar e to b e u n der fl o o d, an d I d ar e
.

u n d e rt ak e to ib e w , t h at t h e ir Me t h o d is n o t o n
-

l y a rbi tr ary ; b u t ab fu r d an d i n c o h e r en t
1T 0 c o n c l u tle t h is D i fco u r fe , w e c an n o t b u t
'

r ep e at w h at We h av e p artly o b fe r v d b e fo r e ,Ho w
’

n e c e fiar y 1 t is to u n de r ftan d N at u r e , i f w e w o u ld
’
’

righ tly u n de r ftan d th o fe Th i n gs i n h o ly ri t

’
W
W
t h at r el ate to th e n atu r al o r ld F o r w i th o u t t h is
.

K n o w l e dg e , as we a r e apt to t h i n k fo m e Th i n g s
c o n fifie n t an d cr e dibl e , t h at a r e r e ally i m o f fib l e
p
i n N at u r e ; fo o n th e O t h e r h an d , w e ar e apt to
l o o k u p o n o t h e r Th i n gs as i n cr edi b le an d i m p o fl
fibl e t h at ar e r e ally fo u n d e d i n N at u r e A n d fe e .

i n g e v e ry o n e is w illi n g fo t o e xp o u n d Script u r e,
as it m ay b e to t h em g o o d S e n fe , a n d c o n fifte n t
’

w it h t h e ir N o ti o n s i n o t h e r Th i n gs, t h e y ar e
fo r c d m an y ti m e s t o g o ag ai n ft th e e afy a n d
’
’

n at u r a l I m p o rt an c e o f th e Wo rds , an d to i h

v en t o t h e r I n t erpr et ati o n s m o r e c o m p li ant

w it h t h e ir Pri n cipl es , a n d, as t h ey t h i nk , w it h
th e N at u r e o f T h i n gs W e h av e, I fay, a
.

gr eat I n h an c e o f t h is b efo r e u s i n th e Scrip

t u r e Hi fio r y, o f th e l o n g L iv es o f th e A nte di
- o

l u vi an s, w h e r e , w it h o u t any Gr o u n d o r S h ado w
o f G r o u n d , i h t h e N arr ati o n , o n ly to c o m ply

w it h a m i ftak e n Ph i lo fo p h y, an d t h e ir Ig n o r an c e
‘

o f t h e pri m it i v e Wo rld , m a n y Me n w o u ld

b e at d o w n th e Script u r e A cc o u n t o f Y e ars i h
to Mo n t h s , an d fin k th e L iv es o f th o fe fir ft
“

F at h ers b e l o w th e R at e o f th e w o rft o f Ag e s
’
.

W h e r e by t h at gr eat Mo n u m e n t , w h ic h Pr o vi
B o 0 K II . X de n c e
30 6 f Th e Th e
E An TH
ory o th e .

d e n c e h at h le ft u s o f th e fir ft Wo r ld an d o f ,

its Di ff e r en c e fro m th e fe co n d w o u ld n o t o n ,

l y b e de fac d b u t w h o lly de m o l i fh d An d
’ ’

.
,

a l l t h i s f r u n g o n ly fr o m t h e fe em i n g In c r e di
’

p
,

b i li ty o f t h e Th i n g ; fo r t h e y c an n o t ib e w i n
a n y P a rt o f Script u r e n e w o r o ld ,t h at th e fe ,

L u na r Y e ars ar e m ad e u fe o f o r t h at an y C o m ,

p u t ati o n l it er a l o r pr o p h etic al pr o c e e ds u p o n
, ,

t h e m : No r t h at t h e r e is a n y Th i n g i n th e
Te xt o r C o n t e xt o f t h at Pl ac e t h at argu e s o r ,

i n ti m at e s a n y fu c h A cc ou n t W e h ave e n d ea .

v ou r d u p o n t h is O c c afio n ; e ffe é tu ll
’
‘
, y t o pr e

v e n t th is M1 fco n fi r u 61 i o n o f facr e d Hi fi o r y fo r
t h e fu t u r e ; b o t h by {h e w i n g th e I n c o n gr u iti e s

t h at fo ll o w u p o n it a n d a l fo t h at t h e r e is n o
,

N e c e fii ty fr o m N a t u r e o f an y fu ch S h i ft o r
'
,

E v afio n as t h at is , Bu t r at h e r o n th e c o n tr a
ry, t h at w e h av e ju fi an d n ec efi ar y R e afo n s to
c o n cl u d e Th at as t h e F o r m s o f all Th i n gs
,

w o u ld b e fa r m o r e p e r m a n en t an d l afii n g i n
t h at pri m itiv e St at e o f th e H eav en s an d th e
E art h fo p artic u l arl y th e L iv es o f Men an d
, ,

o f o t h e r A n i m als .
 The Theory of th e EA hr
'

n .

f far f1 o m b e i ng Pa r a df a ca l, t h at 1 t w oul d
‘

fc ar c e b e h abit abl e:
I co NFE 8 8 t h e r e w as n o t h i n g 1 n t h is wh o l e

Th eo ry t h at g av e fu c h a St o p to m y Th o u g h ts ,
a s t h is P a rt o f 1 t, c o n c e r n i n g th e R iv e rs o f th e

fir fi E art h h o w t h e y t o fe , h o w t h e y fio w d ,
’

a n d h o w t h e y e n d ed It fe e m d at firli , t h at ’

w e h ad w i p d aw ay a t o n c e t h e N o ti o n a n d
’

w h o l e D oétr i n e Of R iv e rs , w e h ad tur n d t h e
’

'

E art h fo fm o o th , t h at t h e r e w as n o r an Hi ll , o r ‘

R i fin g fo r th e H e ad o f a Spri ng , n o r an y F al l
,

o r D e fc e n t fo r th e C o u r fe o f a R iv e r : Be fide s , I

m
h a d fu ck d m t h e c o m o n O pi n i o n o f Ph i lo fo
’

h r s, Th t a ll R iv e rs ri fe fr o m t h e S ea ; an d r e
'

p e a

t u r n to it ag ai n a n d b Oth th o fe Paffag es , fe e , I
w e r e fi o p t u p i n t h at E art h Th is g av e m e o c c a
'

fio n to r c fl eé c u p o n th e m o d e r n a n d m o r e fo li d
’

O pi n i o n c o n c e r n i n g t h e O rigi n o f F o u n t ai n s
a n dR i v e r s , T h at t h ey ri fe c h i efl y fr o m R ai n s an d
m e lt e d S n o w s , an d n o t fr o m th e S ea a l o n e
a n d a s fo o n as I
h ad d e m u r d 1 11 t h at P artic u l ar ,
’

I faw it w as n e c effar y to c o n fide r a nd e x a m i n e

h o w th e R a i n s fel l i n t h at fir fi E art h , to n u
de r ftan d w h at th e St at e o f t h e ir Wat ers an d R i
v ers wo u ld b e .

A t: 1) I h a d n o fo o n e r app ly d m y fe lf to t h at
’

I nq u iry b u t I e afily di fco v er d t h at th e O rd e r

,
’

o f N at u r e i n t h e R e gi o n s o f th e A i r w o u ld b e
‘

t h en v e ry di ffe r en t fro m w h at i t is n o w an d ,
‘

t h e Me t e o r o l o gy o f an o i

t h e r fo rt fr o m th at o f th e pr e fe n t Th e A i r
"
.

w as alw ays c al m a n d e q u al t h er e c o u ld b e n o ,

vi o l en t Met eo rs t h er e n o r any t h at pro c e e d ed

,

3
 Concer ni ng th e Tr i m E a r th , hnd . T a r adi e f .
3 o9

Extr emity o f C o l d ; as Ice S n o w o r H a il

'

fr o m , ,

no r T h u n d e r n e it h e r fo r th e C l o u ds c o u ld n o r
b e o f aQJ ali ty an dC o n fifte n c y fit fo r fa c h a n E f
’
a

feet eit h e r by falli n g o ne u p o n an o t h e r o r b y

, ,

t h eir D i fr upti o n A n d as fo r Wi n ds t h e y c o u ld
. ,

n o t b e e it h e r i m p e t u o u s o r i rr e g u l a r i n t h a t

E arth fe ei n g t h er e w e r e n e it h e r Mo u nt ai n s
,

no r an y O t h e r I n eq u aliti es to o b frr u ét th e C o u r fe
’ ‘

o f t h e V a p o u rs ; n o r a n y u n e q u a l S e a fo n s o r u n ,

e qu a l Aa i o n o f th e S u n n o r an y c o n tr a ry an d
,

fir u g g l i n g Mo ti o n s o f th e A i r N at u r e w as t h e n .

a Str an g e r to a ll th o fe D i fo r der s Bu t as fo r w a .

try Me t eo rs o r th o fe t h at ri fe fro m w atry V a

,

p o u rs m o r e i m m e di at e ly as D ew s an d R ai n s , ,

t h e r e c o uld n o t b u t b e Pl e n ty o f th e fe i n fo m e
P art o r o t h e r o f t h at E art h fo r th e Aéti o n o f ’

th e S u n i n r ai fi n g V ap o u rs w as v e ry fi r o n g an d
'

v e ry co nfian t an d th e E art h w as at fir ft m o i fc
,
’ ’

a n d fo ft; a n d a cc o rdi n g as it gr e w m o r e dry th e ,

R ays o f th e S u n w o u ld pi e rc e m o r e d eep i n t o
it a n d r eac h at l e n gt h th e great A b y fs w h ich
,

l ay u n d e r n e at h a n d w as an u n e x h au fted St o r e ’
‘

h o u fe o f n e w V ap o u rs Bu t tis tr u e th e ’

.
, ,

fam e H e at w h ic h e x tr aéte d th e fe V ap o u rs fo
,

c o pi o u fl y w o u ld a l fo h i n d e r t h e m fr o m c o n
‘

de nfin g i n t o C l o u ds o r R a i n i n th e w ar m e r
‘

P arts o f th e E art h ; an d t h er e b e i n g n o Mo u n
t ai n s at t h at Ti m e n o r c o n tr ary Wi n ds n o r
, ,

a n y fu c h C au fes to fl o p t h e m o r c o m p r e fs ,

t h em w e m u ft co n fider w h ic h w ay t h e y w o u ld
,
’

t e n d a n d w h at t h e ir C o u r fe w o u ld b e a n d
, ,

w h e t h e r t h e y w o u ld an y w h e r e m e e t w it h
C au fe s c ap ab le to c h an g e or c o nden fe t h em ;
X 3 fo r
31 0 ,
Th e Theory of E a rn 11 the .

fo r u p o n t h is tis m a n i feli w o u ld d ep e n d th e
’

, ,

Me t eo rs o f t h at Ai r an d th e Wat ers o f t h at ,

E art h .

A N D as th e H e at o f th e S u n w as c h i efly t o
w ar ds th e m iddl e P arts o f th e E art h fo th e c o pi ,

o u s V ap o u rs r a i s d t h e r e w e r e m o lt r ar i fie d a n d
’

a git at e d ; an d b e i n g o n c e i n th e o p e n A i r t h e ir ,

C o u fe w o u ld b e t h at W a y w h e r e t h e y fo u n d
r ,

l e afi R e fili an c e to t h e ir Mo ti o n an d t h at w o u ld
c ert ai n ly b e t o w ards th e P o l e s a n d th e c o ld e r ,

R egi o n s o f t h e E art h F o r B ait an d W e ft t h e y .

w o u ld m ee t w it h as w ar m a n Ai r a n d V ap o u r s ,

a s m u c h a git at e d as th e m fe l v e s w h ic h t h e r e fo r e ,

w o u ld n o t yi e l d t o t h e ir Pr o g r e fs t h at Way b u t
t o wards th e N o rt h an d th e S o u t h t h e y w o u ld ,

fin d a mo r e e afy Palfag e t h e C o ld o f th o fe P arts

.
,

a t tr aél i n
g t'

h e m as w e c al l it
, t h a t is m a ki n g , ,

w ay to t h e ir Mo ri o n an d Dil at ati o n w it h o u t
m u c h R e fiftan c e as Mo u n t ai ns an d c o ld P l a c e s
’
,

u f ua ll y dr aw V ap o urs fr o m th e w ar m e r So .

as th e r eg u l a r an d c o u fian t C o u r fe o f th e V a
p o u rs o f t h at E arth w h ic h w er e r ais d c h i efl y
, .
’

ab ou t t h e E q ui n o f ti al an d m id d l e P arts o f it
’
,

wo u ld b e t o w ards th e e x tr ea m P arts o f it o r ,

t o w ards th e P o l e s .

A N D i n c o n fe q u e n ce o f t h is w h e n th e fe ,

V ap o u r s w e r e arr i v d i n th o fe c o o le r C li m at e s
’

a n d c o o l e r P arts o f th e A i r th e y w o u ld b e , ,

c o n de n s d i n t o R a i n ; fo r w an ti n g t h er e th e
’

C a u fe o f t h e ir Agit ati o n n am e ly th e H ea t , ,

o f th e S u n t h e ir Mo ti o n w o u ld fo o n b egi n
,

t o l an g u i fh a n d t h e y w o u ld fall c lo fe r to o n e
,

ano the r i n th e F o rm o f Wa t e r F o r th e D i f . _ ,

fe r en c e
31 z . Th e Th f eor
y o th e E 11 1 1 1 51 1 .

t h is Way t o w a rds th e P o l e s th e Paffag e b ei n g ,

o n c e o en d a n d th e C h a n n e l m ad e h e Cut
’

p ,
t ,

r e n t w o u ld b e fti ll c o n ti n u ed w it h o u t In
t e r m i fli o n ; a n d as t h e y w e r e di ffo lv d an d
’

fp e n t t h e r e t h e y w o u ld fu ck i n m o r e an d
,

m o r e o f th o fe w h ic h fo ll o w ed an d c am e i n ,

fr efh Str e a m s fr o m th e h o tt e r C li m at e s fi ri .

fl oti e , I r e m em b e r i n h i s Meteor s
, fp e ak i n g

o f th e C o u r fe o f t h e V ap o u rs fa it h t h er e is
’

, ,

a R i v cr i i n t h e A i r c o n fta n t ly fl o w i n g b e t w ixt
’
'
‘

t h e H e av e n s a n d t h e E art h m ad e by th e af ,

c e n dm a n d d e fce n di n V a p o u rs : T h is w as
g g
m o r e r e m ark a bly tr u e i n th e pri m itiv e E art h '
,

w h e r e t h e St at e o f N at u r e w as m o r e c o n ftan t ’

a n d r e g u l ar t h er e w as i nd e e d an u n i n t e rr u pt
e d Fl oo d o f V ap o u rs r i fin i n o n e R e gi o n o f
g
t h e E art h a n d fl o w i n g to a n o t h e r
, an d t h e re ,

c o n ti nual ly difl illi ng i n D e w s an d R ai n wh ic h ,

m ad e t hi s ae ri a l R i v e r A s m ay b e e afily a ppr e
. .

h e n d e d f1 o m t h is S c h e m e o f t h e E art h a n d A i r .

T11 U s w e h av e fo u n d a S o u rc e fo r Wate rs 1 n H

t h e fir i t E art h w h ic h h ad n o C o m m u n ic ati o n
’
,

w it h th e S e h Sa n d a S o u rc e t h at w o u ld n e v e r
‘

fa il ; n e i i h er di m i n i ih o r o v e rfl o w b u t fe e d ,

t h e E art h w it h an e q u al S u pply t h ro u g h o u t al l

t h e P arts o f th e Y e a r Bu t t h e r e is a fec o n d
.

D i ffic u lty t h at app ears at th e E n d o f t h is h ow ,

t h e fe W at e rs w o u ld fl o w u p o n t h e e v e n S u r

fac e o f th e E art h o r fo r m th e m fe lv e s i n t o Ri
,

v e rs ; t h e r e b em n o D e fc en t o r D e clivity for
.
g
th e ir C o u f fe Th er e w e r e n o Hills n o r Mo u n
.
,

t a i n s n o r h i g h L an ds i n th e firft E art h an d i f
, ,

t h e fe R ai n s fe ll i n th e Frigid Z o n e s o r t o w ards ,

th e P o l e s t h er e t h e y w o u ld fi an d i n L ak e s
,

a nd
 3 I4 Tb e Tnewy of th e E AR '
r H .

T1 s tr u e Th e fe D e rivati o n s o f th e Wat ers

’

, , ,

a t fir fi w o u ld b e v e ry irr e g u l ar an d di fl u fe ti ll th e
‘

C h a n n e ls w e r e a l ittl e w o r n a n d h o l lo w d ; an d
’

t h o t h at E art h w as fm o o th a n d u ni fo r m y e t tis
’ '

i m po fl i b le u p o n an i n cli n i n g S u r fac e b u t t h at
, ,

Wat ers fh o u ld fin d a Way o f cr e epi n g d o w n ,

w ards as w e fe e u p o n a fm o o th Tabl e o r a fl ag d
’

, , .

P av em en t ; i f t h e r e b e th e l e aft In c li n ati o n fiW a
t e r w ill fl o w fr o m th e h ig h e r t o t h e l o w e r P arts
o f it e it h e r dir e c
,
tly o r w i n di n g to a n d fr o : S o
,

t h e S m o o th n e fs o f t h at E art h w o u ld b e n o Hi n
dramc e to th e C o u r fe o f th e R iv e rs pr o v i d e d ,

t h e r e was a g e n e ral D e c l ivity i n th e Sit e an d

L ibr ati o n o f it as tis p l ai n t h e r e w as fr o m th e
’

P o l es t o w ards th e E q u at o r Th e C u rr en t i n ,

d e e d w o u l d b e e afy an d g e n t l e all al o n g a n d i f ,

i t c h ah e d i n fo m e Pl ac e s to r efi o r b e fio p t it
’

, , ,

wo u ld fp r ead it fe lf i n t o a p le afa n t L ak e ti l l by
, ,

fr c lh S u ppli e s i t h ad r a i s d its Wat e rs fo h ig h as

’

t o o v e rfl o w a n d br e a k l o o fe ag a i n 5 t h e n it

w o u ld pu r f ue its Way w it h m a n y o t h e r R i ,

v e rs its C o m p an i o n s t h ro all th e t e m p e r at e’

C li m at e s as far as th e To rrid Zo n e .

B U T y o u ll fay Wh e n th e y w e r e g o t th i
’

t h er w h at w o u ld b ec o m e o f t h em t h e n How
,

w o u ld t h e y en d o r fin i fh t h e ir C o u r fe ? Th is
is th e t h ird D i fii c u lty concer ni ng th e E n di n g o f
‘

t h e R iv e rs i n t h at E a rt h ; w h at Ilfu e c o u ld
.

t h e y h av e w h en t h ey w e r e c o m e to th e m i d
dl e P arts o f it w h it h e r it fee m s t h e y all
,

t e n d ed Th er e w as n o S e a to lo fe th e m felv es
i n a s o u r R iv e rs do 5 n o r an y fu b ter r an eo u s
,

Paifag es to t h r o w th em felv e s i n t o h o w w o u ld
3 t h ey
 b and Por ocl e 3 r 5
‘
P i E f
‘
C n
o cer ni ng th e r i n nr t .

th e y
di e, w h at w o u ld b e t h e ir Fat e at l afi ? I
a n fw e r , T h e gr eat er R iv e rs , w h e n t h e y w e r e
c o m e t o w a rds t h o fe P arts o f th e E art h , w o u ld

b e divid e d i n t o m an y Br an c h e s, o r a Mu ltit u d e
o f R iv u l e ts a n d th o fe w o u ld b e p art ly e x h al d
’

by th e H e at o f th e S u n , an d p artly dr u n k u p
hy t h e dry a n d fa n dy E art h
~
, _
Bu t h o w an d i n
.

w h at Man n er t h is c am e to p afs, r eq u ir e s a li t
tl e fu rt h e r Explic ati o n .

WE
m u fi t h er e fo r e o b fe r v e i n th e ma P l ac e,
t h at th o fe R iv e rs, as t h ey dr e w n e ar e r to th e ,

r eq u i n o fi i a l P ar ts , w o u ld fin d a l e fs D e clivity

o r D e fce n t o f G r o u n d t h an i n th e b e gi n n i n g ,
,

o r fo r m e r P art o f t h e ir C o u r fe ; t h at is e v i
'

d en t fro m th e o v a l Fig u r e o f th e E arth , fo r

“ ,

n e ar th e mi ddl e P arts o f an O v a l, th e S e m i

di a m et e rs , as I m ay c all t h e m , ar e v e ry littl e "

{h o rt e r o n e t h an an o t h e r ; an d f o r t h is R e a fo n
th e R iv ers, w h en t h e y w e r e adv an c d t o w ards
’

t h e m iddl e P art s o f th e E art h , w o u ld b e gi n to

fl o w m o r e fl o w l y, an d, by t h at W e ak n efs o f
,

t h e ir C u rr e n t , fuffer th em fe lv e s e afily to b e divi

ded a n d di fir aé te d i n t o fe v e r al leffe r Str ea m s a n d
’
'

R iv u l e ts ; o r e l fe h avi n g n o F o rc e to w ea r a C h an
n e l, w o u ld l i e {h al l o w u p o n t h e G r o u n d lik e a
Pl alh o f Wat e r ; a n d i n b o t h C afes t h e i r Wat e rs
wo u ld b e m u c h m o r e ex po s d to th e Aéti o n o f
’
’

th e S u n , t h an i f t h e y h ad k ep t t o g et h e r i n a
.

d e e p e r C h an n e l , as t h e y w er e b efo r e .

S CO D L Y, E N W
e m u fi o b fe r v e , t h at fe e i n g

th efe
- W
at e rs c o u ld n o t r e ac h to th e Middl e o f

t he T o rrid Z
o n e , fo r w an t o f D e fc e n t t h at o

(P r t o f th e E art h h avi n g th e Su n a l w ays p er

a
en di cu l ar
p
3 1 6 Tb e Theoy of r -
tne 15 t
-
HI

en di cu l ar o v e r it a n d b e i n g r e fr e lh d by n o Ril
'
'
’

p ,

v ers w o u ld b ec o m e e x tr e am ly dry an d p ar c h d;
,
’

a n d b e c o n v e rt e d a t l e n gt h i n t o a ki n d o f fa n d
y
D e fe r t ; fo as a ll t h e W at e rs t h at w er e c arri e d
t h u s far an d w er e n o t e x h al e d an d co n fu m d by
,
’

t h e S u n w o u ld b e fu ck d u p as i n a Sp u n g e by
’

, , ,

t h e fe S an ds o f th e T o rrid Z o n e Th is w as th e .

c o m m o n G r av e w h e r e i n th e R iv e rs o f th e fir it
E a rt h w e r e b u ri ed 5 an d t h is i s n o t h i n g b u t w h at
h app e n s {ti ll i n fe v er a l P a rts o f th e pr e fe n t E art h ,

e f e c i a lly i n A r i ck w h e r e m an y R iv e rs n e v e r
p f ,

fl o w i n t o th e S e a b u t e i tp i r e aft e r th e fam e Man

‘

n e r a s th e fe did dr u n k u p by th e S u n a n d th e
,

S an ds A n d o n e Ar m o f E up h r a tes di es as I t e
.
,

m e m b e r a m o n g fi th e S an ds o f A m oi n aft er th e
, ,

Man n e r o f th e R iv e rs o f th e firit E art h .

THU s w e h av e c o n qu e r d th e g r eatefi D i ffi ’

c u lty 1 n m y Ap pr e h en f o n i n t h is w h o l e T , h eo
ry T
,

, o fin d o u t th e St at e o f t h e R iv e rs i n the

pri m itiv e an d ant e dil u vi an E arth t h e ir O rigi n , ,

C o u r fe a n d P e ri o d
, W e h av e b e en fo r c d to
.
’

w i n o u r G r o u n d by I n c h es a n d h av e divid e d ,
.

t h e Di ffic u lty i n t o P a rts t h at w e m ig h t e n

,

c o u n t er t h e m h u g le w it h m o r e Bafe Th e R i .

v e rs o f th e E arth y o u fe e w e r e i n m o lt t e
, ,

fp e é ts d1 ffer e n t an d i n fo m e c o n tr ary to o u rs ;
’
’
'

, ,

a nd if
y o u c o u ld t u r n o u r R iv er s b a ck w ards ,

t o r u n fr o m th e S ea t o w ards t h e ir F o u n t ai n

h e ads t h e y w o u ld m o r e r e fem b l e th e C o u r fe
,

o f th o fe A n t e dil u vi an R iv ers ; fo r t h e y w e r e

g r e a te l c a
’
t t h e ir fi r i t fetti n g
’
o u t a n d t h e C ar ,

r e n t a ft e r w ards w h e n it w as m o r e w e ak an d
, ,

the C h an n el m o r e lh all o w w as divid e d i n t o ,

m an y
 Concer ni ng th e Tri en E ar th , a nd Tor ooife
’
.
’
.
317

m an y Bran c h e s an d l ittl e R iv ers ; lik e th e Ar

te r i e s i n o u r Body , t h at c a rry th e Bl o o d ; t h e y
an d th e fu rt h e r t h e y
ar e go
fr om th e H e art t h e ir S o u rc e th e l efs t h e y
, ,

gro w an d divid ed i n t o a Mu ltit u d e o f littl e

,

Br an ch e s w h ic h l o fe th em fe lv es i n fe n ftb ly i n
'
'

, _
' '

t h e H abit o f th e F l e ih as t h e fe littl e F lo o ds
'

did i n th e S an ds o f th e E art h .

B E C A U S E it p lea feth m o re and m ak es a

gr eat e r Im p r e fii o n u p o n u s to fe e Th i n gs r epr e J ,

fe n ted to t h e E ye t h an to r e ad t h e ir D e fc r i p
’

-
, _

ti o n i n Wo rds w e h av e v e ntu r d to giv e a

'
’

Mo d e l o f th e Pr im azv al E art h w it h its Z o n e s

‘

o r gr e at e r C li m at e s a n d t h e g en e r a l O r d e r
,

and T r afi s o f its R iv e r s No t t h at w e b e l i e v e
Th i n gs to h av e b een i n th e v e ry fam e Fo rm
a s h e r e e x h ibit e d 5 b u t t h is m ay fe rv e as a g e
‘ ’

n e r a l Idea o f t h at E art h w h ic h m ay b e w r o u g h t
“
-

i n t o m o r e ex aa n e fs a cc o rdi n g as w e ar e a bl e
,
’

t o e n l arg e o r c o r r e ét o u r T h o u g h t s h er e aft er
,
.

A n d a s th e Z o n es h e r e r ep r e fe n te d r e fe m b le
‘

t h e B elts o r F ez ci o o f j up i ter
/ f
ao w e fu
pp o fe ,

t h em to pro c ee d fro m lik e C au fes i f t h at -

,
-

Pl an e t b e i n an An t e di lu vi an St at e as t h e ,
‘

E art h w e h e r e r epr efe n t As fo r th e P o l ar

- .

P arts i n t h at fir lt E art h I c an fay v ery littl e o f

’
,

th em t h e y w o u ld m ak e a Sc en e by t h e m
,

fe l v es , an d a ve ry p artic u l a r o n e 5 th e S u n ,

w o u ld b e perp et u ally i n t h e ir H o ri z o n w h ic h
'

mak es m e t h i n k t h e R ai n s w o u ld n o t fall fo
'
'

m u ch t h e r e as i n t h e o t he r P ar ts o f th e Frigid i
,
'

Z o n es w h e r e a c co rd in gly w e h av e m ad e t h e ir
‘
,

ch i ef S eat an d Rec ept ac l e

, Th at t h ey fl o w d .
’

fr o m
31 8
'

Th e T
h eory of th e E A R TH:
fr o m t h en c e l ik e Ma n n e r as is h e re
i n fu c h
re r e fe n te d w e h av e a lr eady pr o v d d f me
’

p , a n o ,

d 1n es m th e i r Pafiage (w e lli n g i n t o L ak e s a n d;
; ,

t owa rds th e E n d o f t h e ir C o u r fe p arti n g i n t o

fe v e r a l Str e a m s an d Br an c h e s t h ey w o u ld W8 , :

t e r th o fe P a rts o f th e E art h lik e a G ard e n

W B h av e b e fo r e c o m p ar d th e Br an c h i n gs o f ’

th e fe R iv e rs t o w ards t h e E n d o f t h e ir C o u r fe to ,

th e R am i fic ati o n s o f t h e A rt er i e s i n t h e B o dy ,

w h e n t h ey a r e fa r fr o m th e H e art n e ar th e e x
t r e a m P arts 5 a n d fo m e it m ay b e l o o ki n g u p o n , ,

t h is Sch e m e w o u ld c arry th e C o m p ar i fo n fu r
, ,

t h e r an d fu p po fe t h at as i n th e B o dy th e Bl o o d
, ,

i s n o t l o ft i n th e H abit o f th e F lcih b u t ftr a i n d

’ ’

t h r o u g h it an d t ak en u p ag ai n b y th e l ittl e
, .

Br an c h e s o f th e V e i n s fo i n th at E art h th e Wa t

t ers w e r e n o t lO fi i n th o fe S ands o f t h e To rrid

Z o n e b u t fir ai n d o r p e rc o l at ed t h o r o u g h t h e m
,
’

a n d r e c e i v d i n t o th e C h an n e ls o f t h e o t h e r He
’

m i fp h er e Th is i n d e e d w o u ld i n fo m e Me afu r e
.

a n fw e r th e N o ti o n w h ic h fe Ve r al o f t h e an ci e n t

F at h e rs m ak e u fe o f t h at th e R iv ers o fPom ni e
,
‘ ’

w e r e tr ajeé te d o u t o f th e o t h e r Hem i fph er e i h

’

t o t h is by fu b ter r an eo u s Paffag es Bu t 1 c o n
,
.

fc fs I c o u ld n e v e r fee it p o fl 1 b l e h o w fu c h a
Tr aje éti o n c o u ld b e m ad e n o r h o w t h e y c o u ld ,

h av e an y Mo r i o n b e i n g arriv d i n an o t h e r He
’ '

m i fph e r e ; a n d t h e r e fo r e I a m ap t to b el ie v e
‘

t h at Do étr i n e a1n o n g ft th e A n ci e n ts ar o fe fr o m
’ ~

a n E n t a n gl e m e n t i n t h e ir Prin cipl e s : T hey .

fu pp o s d g en e r a lly t h a t a clzfe w as i n th e
’ ‘ ‘

, ,

O t h e r He m 1 f h er e a s w e fh all h ave o c ca fio n
p ,

t o {h e w h er e aft e r ; an d y et t h ey b eli e v d t h at
’

.
 Th T
'

3 20 h eo y of
e E A R THf r th e

Old Hea v ens o r th e A n t edi lu vi an H e av en s

,

h ad a di ffe r e n t C o n fii tu ti o n fr o m o u rs a n d
’

p artic u larly t h at t h e y w e r e c om p o s d o r co n ’

fi i tu t e d o f Wat e r w h ic h Ph i lo fo p h y o f th e
,

Ap o ftle s m ay b e e afi ly u n de r fl oo d, i f we
’

ar

t e n d to t h i n gs firft t h at th e H eav en s h e
two , ,

fp e ak s o f w e r e n o t th e St arry H e av e n s b u t t h e ,

a e ri a l H e av e n s o r t h e R e gi o n s o f o u r Ai r
, ,

w h e r e th e Me t eo rs ar e : S e c o n dly t h at t h e r e ,

w e r e n o Me t eo rs i n t h o fe R e gi o n s o r i n th o fe ,

H eav e n s till th e D e l u g e b u t w atry Me t eo rs

, , ,

a n d t h e r e fo r e h e fays t h e y c o n fifie d o f Wa
, ,

t e r A n d t h is fh e w s th e F o u n d ati o n u p o n w h ic h
.

t h at D e fcr i p ti o n is m ad e h o w c o h e r e n tly th e
,

Apo ftl e arg u e s a n d a n fw e r s th e O b jeéti o n t h er e

’
,

p pro os d
’
H ow j u ftly a l fo h e di fl i n u i f
‘
g h e th t h e
fir ft H e av e n s fr o m th e pr e fe n t H e av e n s o r r at h e r ,

o ppo fe th t h e m o n e t o a n o t h e r b ec au fe as t h o fe
w e r e c o n fti tu ted o f Wat e r a n d w atry Me t e o rs
’
,

o n ly , fo t h e p r e fe n t H e av e n s h e fait h h av e , ,

Tr e afu r es o f Fir e fiery Ex h al ati o n s a n d Me

,

t eo r s a n d a D i f o fiti o n to b e c o m e t h e E x e cu
, p
t i o n e r s o f t h e Divin e Wr at h a n d D e cr e e s i n t h e

fin a l C o n fl ag r ati o n o f th e E art h .

TH I s m i n ds m e a l fo o f th e Celefii a l Wa ter s
'

o r t h e W a t e rs a b o v e t h e Fir m am e n ts w h ic h , ,

S cript u r e fo m e ti m e s m en ti o n s an d w h ic h , ,

m e t h i n ks c an n o t b e e xp l ai n d fo fitly an d ’
—
,

e m p h atic a lly u p o n a n y S u fiti o n a s t h is o f

pp o

o u rs . Th o fe w h o pl ac e t h e m ab o v e th e St arry
H e av e n s ; fe e m n eit h e r to u n d erh an d Afir o
n o m y n o r Ph i lo fo h y d o n th e O t h e r h an d
p a n , ,

i f n o t h i ng b e u n d er flo o d by t h e m b u t th e ,

C lo u ds
 Concer ni ng the f r i rn E a r th dT
'
.
, an
f
a ra a i e . zt3

C lo u ds an d th e m iddl e R e g i o n o f th e A i r , as it
‘

i s at p r e fe n t, m et h i n ks t h at w as n o fu c h e m i n e n t
a n d r e m ark abl e T h i n g , as to de fe r v e a p arti e n
l a r C o m m e m o r ati o n b y Mofes i n h i s fix D ays
_

'
W
o rk ; b u t i f w e u n de r fian d t h e m , n o t as t h e y

ar e n o w, b u t as t h e y w e r e t h e n , th e o n ly S o u rc e

o f Wate r s , o r th e o n ly S o u r ce o f Wat e rs u p o n
t hat
- t h ey h ad n o t o n e Dr o p o f a W
, ter b u t w h a t wa s C e l e fti a l ) t h is giv e s it
’
.
, a n ew
'

F o r c e a n d E m p h afis Befide s th e w h o l e m iddl e

i
R egi o n h avi n g n o o t h e r fo rt o f Me t eo rs b u t
(
t h e m , t h at a d m
e it [ti ll th e gr e at e r Si n g u l arity ,

b a n d m o r e w o rt h y C o m m e m o r ati o n A s fo r .

T
‘

th e R iv e rs o f a r a a i e, t h e r e is n o t h i n f aid
’

/ g
‘

c o n c er n i n g t h e ir S o u rc e o r t h eir Iffu e, t h at is
,

“
e ith e r c o n tr a ry to t h is , o r t h at is n o t a gr e e a b le
,

t o th e g e n e r a l A cc o u n t w e h av e giv e n o f th e

W at e rs an d R iv e rs o f th e fir ft E art h
’
Th e y ar e
m
.

n o t fa id to ri fe fr o m a n y Mo u n tai n , b u t fr o a

g r e a t Ri v e r o r a ki n d o f a L a k e i n
.
E d en , ac ~

L e o r d i n g t o t h e C u fi o m o f t h e R iv e rs o f t h at _

d as fo r t h e i r En d a n d Iifu e , Mofes
( ‘

n
'

g
E ar th . A
(
d o t h n o t fay, th at t h e y disb u rt h e n t h e m fe lv e s
.

i n t o t h is o r th at Se a, as t h ey u fu ally do i n th e
D e fcr i pti on o f gr e at R iv e rs , b u t r at h e r i m pli es
th at th e y fp eht th e m fe lv es i n c o m p a fii ng a n d
'
'

w at e ri n g c e rt a i n C o u n tri e s, h i c h falls ? 1 nw
ag ai n v e r y e afily w it h o u r Ifj oth
P
.

p
w yf a t h is r at h e r t o c o m p ly w i th th e O pi n i o n s o f
o t h e rs , th an o f m y ow T
,
‘
'

n u dg m e n t F o r I t h i n k ,
'

1 th u S u g g e fii o n ab o u t f h e Supe r c e l efi i al W
'

a n

3
t ers m ad e by Mo/ Ies , w as n ot fo m u c h acc o r d
.

é
m '
"
i
; g n t o t h e fi r i ft N at u r a n d Sp e ci a lit y o
2B o 0 K H
_
"

. Y C au fes ,
 Th Theory of th e E A R T H
’

3 e , .

C a u fes , as fo r th e Ba fe an d Pr o fit o f th e P eo p le ,
i n th e i r Be li c f a n d A ck n o w l edg m en t o f Pr o v i
'

de n c e fo r (0 gr eat a B en efit by wh at C au fe s fo ,

cv e r {t w as bro u gh t t o p afs .

B U T to r e t u r n to th e Rai n b o w w h ic h we
m e n ti o n e d b e fo r e an d IS n o t to b e p aft o v e r fo,

fl ig h tly Th is w e fay IS a C r e at u r e o f th e m o
.

d e r n W o rld an d w as n o t fe en n o r k n o w n b e
,

fo r e th e Fl o o d Mofes (Gen ix 1 z 1 3 ) p lai n. . .

, .

l y i n ti m at e s as m u c h o r r at h e r di r e fi l y affirm s i ts ,

fo r h e fays th e Bo w w as fe t i n th e C l o u ds aft e r
,

th e D el u g e as a C o n fir m ati o n o f t h e Pr o m ife
, ,

o r C o v e n an t w h ic h G o d m ad e w it h N oa h t h at
, ,

h e wo u ld dr o w n th e Wo rld n o m o r e w it h Wa
ter . A n d h o w c o u ld it b e a Sig n o f th i s o r g i ,

v e n as a Pl edg e an d C o n fir m ati o n o f fu c h a Pr o

m i fe i f it w a s i n th eC l o u ds b e fo r e a n d w i t h
, ,

n o R e g a rd to t h is Pr o m i fe ; a n d flo o d th er é ,

it m ay b e w h e n th e Wo rld w as g oi n g to b e
,

d r o w n d ? Th is w o u ld h av e b e en b u t c o ld C o m
’

fo rt t o N oa h to h av e h ad fu ch a Pl e dg e o f th e
,

D ivi n e V e r acity Y o u ll fay it m ay b e t h at it .

, ,

w as n o t a Sig n o r Pl e dg e t h at f g n ifie d n at ur a l
‘ ’

,
i
si

l y b u t v o l u n t ari l y o n ly a n d by D i v i n e In fi i tu
, ,

I a m o f O pi n i o n I c o n fe fs t h at it fi g
"

t 1o n : , ,

n i fy d n at ur a lly a nd by C o n n e xi o n w it h th e
’

E ff c é t; i m p o rti ng t h u s m u c h t h at th e St at e
‘
,

o f N at u r e w as c h an
g d fr m w h at it w as b e
’
o

fo i c a n d fo ch a ng d t h at t h e E arth w as n o
‘ ’

, ,

mo r e i n a C o n diti o n to p er i fh by W at e r Bu t .

h o w e v e r l e t u s g r a n t t h at i t fig n i fieth o n ly by
, .

In fl i tu ti o n to m ak e it fig n i fic an t i n t h is S e n fe ,

it m uff b e fomethi ng n ew orh er wi fe it co u ld ,

not
'
 Th Th
'

eory o’
f th e E 11 R r '
e 11 .

ea m a nd a ha r ni hg L a mp pa/fed h etw i x t the

'

t
Ti ece ‘
Be affs t h at h e h ad c u t a fu n der
s o f th e .

S o i n O t h e r In fl ah c es o f Sig n s g i v en i n e xrcr n al
'

N at u r e , as th e Sig n g iv en to Ki ng Hez eki a h ;

Ijizi x xxviii fo r h i s R e c o v e ry , a n d to Gi deon
. .

fo r h i s V i éto r y to c o n fir m th e Pr o m i fe m ad e to
Hez eki a h , _7ndg e v i i th e S h ad o w w en t b ack
‘
.

t e n D e gr e e s i n Ah a z Di al A n d fo r Gi deon; .

h i s F leece w a s w et, a nd a ll th e G r ou nd a hoa t i t

dry a n d t h e n t o c h a n g e th e T ri al , i t w a s drj ,
a n d a ll th e Gr oa n d a hou t i t wet Th e fe We r e .

a l l Sig n s v e ry pr o p e r , fi n i fic an t, a n d fati s faéto r ,

g y
h avi n g fo m eth i n g f ur pr i fi ng an d e xtr ao rdi n ary ,
y e t t h e fe w e r e S ig n s by I n fl i tu ti o n o n ly a nd
m v n g n ew an d
'

t o b e fu c h th e f h f m h
’
i
“

y u t a e o e t
fir an g e as a Mark o f th e H an d o f Go d, o t h e r
,

w i fe th é y c an h av e n o F o rc e o r S ig n i fic an c y .

A cc o r di n gly w e fe e, Mofes h i m fe lf i n an o t h e r
‘

'

P l ac e , fp e ak s th i s v e r y S en fe , w h e n i n th e Mu ti
n y o r R e b e lli o n o f Cor ah a n d fl a th a n , h e ( p e aks
t h u s to th e P eop l e , If th efl Men di e th e conta ’

“
ni on fl ea th o Men , th en th e L or d h a th n ot em
f f
me . B a t ifth e L or d ma ke a new h i ng a nd th e T
E a r th op en h er Mon th a ndfw a llow th em up , 8m .

th en y on j h a ll u nder/i a n d th a t th e e h
f n av e

r ov oked th e L or d, N u m b xxvi 2 9, 3 0 S i
p o n
. . .
-

t h e C a fe o f Noa h , i f Go d cr ea ted a n ew Cr ea

ta r e ( w h ic h ar e Mo es s Wo rds i n t h e fo r e cit ed
f
’

P l ac e) th e S i g n w as effeétu al Bu t wh er e e v er y
'

t h i n g c o n ti n u es to b e as it w as b efo r e, and th e
F a c e o f N at u r e i n all its P arts , th e v ery fam e,
,

i t c an n o t fig n i fy an y t h i n g n e w , n o r an y n e w
I nt e nti o n i i i th e Au t h o r o f N at u r e ; a n d co n a -

feq u e n tly,
Concer ni ng th e Tr i m E ar th
.
, a nd Ta r a dfi e
32 5

feq u en tly, c an no t b e a S i g n o r Pl e dg e, a T
fm
o

k en o r Affur an c e o f th e A c co m pli h e n t o f
an y n e w C o v e n an t o r Pro m i fe m ad e by h i m .

TH I s, meth 1 n k 5 1 3 p la1 n to c o m m o n S e n fe , "

an d to e ve ry M an s R ea fo n ; b u t b e c au fe i t is a
’

o f I m p o rt an c e , to pr o v e t h at t h e r e w as
ri b o w b efo r e th e Fl o od , an d w ill c o n fi r m a

c o n fi de r ab l e P art o f th 1 s T h e o ry, by di fc o v e r i n g
'

wh at th e {fate o f th e Ai r w as i n th e o ld Wo rld ,
gyi e m e l e av e to arg u e i t a li tt l e fu rth e r , and to
.

r e m o v e fo m e Pr ej u dice s t h at may k e e o t h e rs
‘

p
fr om affen ti n g to cl e ar Reafo n . I
k n o w ti s ii
'

fu ally faid , t h at Sig n s lik e Wo r ds, fi g ri i fy a n y

‘

T h i n g by In fii tuti o n , o r may b e apply d to an y

’

T h i n g by t h e Will o f t h e Imp o fe r a s h angi n g

o u t a w h it e Fl ag 1 5 c a lli n g fo r Me rcy a B u ih at

h e D o o r a S i n o f Wi n e t o b efo ld , an d fu ch
t g
lik e Bu t th e fe ar e Infian c es n o th i h g to o u r
P pu r o fe , t h e f e
'

a r e Sig n s o f fo m e th i n g p r e fen t ,

an hd t a t fi g n i fy o n ly by U fe an d r e p e at e d E x ;

er i e n c e ; w e ar e f e ak i n g o f Sig n s o f a n o t h e r
p p
Nat u r e g iv en i n C o n fir m ati o n o f a Pr o m i fe ,
or T h r e atn i n g , o r Pr o p he cy , an d giv e n w it h
De fi g n t o c u r e o u r U n b e li e f, o r t o e xcit e an d
b ege t i n u s F ait h i n Go d, i n th e Pr o p h e t , o r
i n t h e Pr o m i fer ; fa c h Sig n s, I fay, w h en t h e y

ar e w r o u g h t i n e xt e r n al N at u r e , m u ff b e fo me
'

h ew App e ar an c e, an d m u h t h e r e by i n d u c e u s
i o b e li e v e th e E ff eé t, o r m o r e t o b eli e v e it ,
’

i f t h e r e h ad b e en n o Sig n , b u t o n ly t h e
'

o f th e Pr o m i fe r ; fo r o th er w i fe th e

i g n is a m e r e C yp h e r an d S u p e r
a T h i n g t h at o b tain d b efor e, an d
’

Y 3 m
 3: 6 Th The ry of
e o the B AR
'
rn .

r
i n th e farn e Ma n n er , ( ev e n w h en
'

at

a e a r e n o w pr o m is d l o t éo n i e
pf s , w h ic h w l n
t o p dfs ag ai n ) fig n i fie s n o m o r e , t h ani f t h er e h ad
b e e n n o Sig n at all : It c a n n e it h e r fig n i fy a n o
th e r C o u r fe i n N at u r e , n o r an ot h e r Pu r p o fe i n
G o d ; a n d t l1 c 1 e fo r e 1 s p e r feCtly i nfig n i fican t
‘ ‘
.

S o m e i n fl an c e i n th e S acra m e n ts, Je w i fh o r
m
.

C h r i fl i an , a n d ak e t h em Si g n s i n fu ch a S en fe
a s t h e R a i n b o wi s : Bu t th o fe ar e r at h e r S ym b o

tat1 o n s o r C o m m e m
o rat i o n s ; a n d

Marks o f D i fii néti on and C o n fe

c r ati o n o f o u r fe l v e s to G o d i n fu ch a R eligi o n
_

t h e y w er e al fo ne w , an d v ery partic u l ar w h en
_

f nft i n fiitu te d ; bu t a ll fuc h In h an c e s fa ll fh o r t,

a n d do n o t r e a ch t h e C a fe b e fo r e u s ; w e ar e
fp e ak i ng o f Sig ns co n fir m at o ry o f a Pr o m i fe
“
m
w h e n t h e r e 1 5 fo e t h i ng a ffir m d de f nta ro, a n d
’

”
i
to g i s e u s a fu rt he r Arg u m en t o f th e C e r tai n
‘
'

ty o f i t, an d o f th e P o w e r a n d V e r a city o f th e

Pr o m i fe r , a S i g n i s giv e n Th i s, w e fay , m uff

.

i n di fp en fa b ly b e fo m e th i n g n e w , o th e r w i fe it
c an n o t h av e th e N at u r e , Vi rt u e, an d i n fl u en c e
”
o f a Si g n

w
.

W B h av e fe en h o m eo n g r u o u s 1 1 w o ul d b e'

t o a dm it , t h at t h e R ai n b o w app e ar d b e fo r e th e

D e l u g e, a n d h o w d e ad a Sig n t h at w o u ld m ak e
it , h o wfo r c d, fr u i tl e fs an d i n effe éi u a l, as to th e
' ‘ ’

Pr o m i fe it w as tg co nfir m : L e t u s n o w o n th e
' ' ‘ ’

o t h e r h an d f
p
i
e , t h at 1 t fir ft app e a r d to th e
'

f
’

u
t o

I n h ab it an ts o f th e E art h a ft e r th e D el u g e, h o w
r o p e r , a n d h o wa f Sig w ld t h is b
p pp o i t e a n o u e

fo r Pr o vid enc e t o p i tic h u p o n to c o nfir m th e

d

T
,

Pto nn fe m ad e to Noah an d h i s Po fter i ty, h a t ’

th e
 Th e Theory of EARTH the
'

328
t h i s t h ey k n e w n o t w el l w h at to m ak e o f and fo ,

h av e g e n e r ally i n t e rpr et e d it o f th e S ea o r o f ,

o u r fu b te r r a n e o u s W at e rs 3 w it h o u t any Pt o

t h r a s to th e Wo rd h S f
'

p r i e ty e 1 e o r a s t o, t e e n e .

A t h ird l n ftan e e 1 3 t h is of t h e R ai n b o w w h e r e ,

th e ir Ph i lo fo p h y h at h m i fg ui de d t h e m ag ai n ; fo r

t o giv e t h e m t h e ir due t h e y do n ot a ll e dg e n o r
, ,

pr e t e n d to al ledg e an y Th i n g fr o m th e Te xt ,

t h at lh o u ld m ak e t h e m i n t erpr e t t h u s o r t h i n k ,

t h e R ai n b o w w as b efo r et h e F l oo d ; b u t th ey
pr e t en d to g o by c e rt ai n R e afo n s as t h at th e ,

C l o u ds w e re b e fo r e th e Fl o o d t h e r efo r e th e
,

R ai n b o w an d i f th e R ai n b o w w as n o t b efo r e

t h e Fl o o d t he n al l t h i n gs w e r e n o t m ad e w it h i n
,

h e fix D a ys C r eat i on : To w h o m th efe R ea fo n s
a r e co n v i eti v e
’
t h ey m u it b e l e d mm th e fam e
,
’

B e li e f w it h t h e m b u t n o t by a n y T h i n g i n th e

Te x t n o r 1 11 th e tr u e T
,

h e o ry at l e aft i f o u r s b e
'

, ,

fo g fo r b y t h at y o u fe e t h at t h e V apo u rs w e r e
,

11 e v e r c o n d e n s d 1 n to D r o ps ; n o r i n t o Ra i n
’

in ,

t h e t e m p er ate a n d i n h abit e d C li m at e s o f t h at
Ea r th an d c o n feq u e n tly t h e r e c o u ld n e v e r b e t h e
,

Pt o dn éti o n o r A pp e ar an c e o f t h is Bo w i n th e
C l o u ds Th u s mu c h c o n c e r n i n g th e R ai n b o w
. .

1 o r e c oll e ct o u r fe lv e s an d c o n c lu d e t h is
C h apter a nd t h e w h o le D i fq u i fiti o n c o n c e r n
,

i n g t h e W a te rs o f th e pri m iti v e Eart h w e fee m

_

t o h av e fo w e l l fati s fie d th e Di ffic u lti e s p r o

o s d i n t h e b eg tn m n g o f t h e C h apt e r t h at
’

p ,

t h e y h av e r at h e r giv e n u s an Adv an t ag e ; a b ett e r

t

D i feo v er y a n d fu c h a n e w Pr o fp eét o f t h at ’
,

E art h as m ak es it n o t o n ly h abit a bl e b u t m o r e
, ,
.

fit to b e Pom dzfioml
‘
Th e Pl eafantn efs o f th e
.

s i re
Concerni ng th e Tr i m E nr th
i/ .
, and a
’
no e 3 29
.

Si te o f Tor noifi is m ad e to co n fii t ch i efly i n

’ ’ ’

t wo T h i n gs its Wate rs an d its Tr e e s (

, Gen , , .

ii an d Chap xii i; I O E z eh xxxi

.
. co n. . .

fidet i n g th e R i c h n efs o f t h at fir ft S o il i n th e pri

miti ve E art h it c o u ld n ot b u t ab o u n d i n Tr e e s
, ,

as it did i n R iv e rs an d R iv u lets 5 an d b e w o o de d

l ik e a G r o v e as it w as w ater d l i k e a G ard en
’

, ,

i n th e t e mp e r at e C li m at e s o f it ; (6 a s it w o u ld
b m t h i ks f di fi
f c lt o fin d o n e a
’

t
'

n o t e e ~
n ,
o u ,

r no ife t h er e a s n o t to find m o re t h an o n e
’
.
,

C H
'

A P . VI .

Rheol/eéti on a nd R ev i ew of w h a t ha th hem
eti d c oncer ni n th e T r i mi ti v e E or th
f g m i th o

Sur v ey of th e Store of th efir/t Wor ld

Nntnm l and Ci v i l, a nd th e Comp or ifon of i t
wi th th e p r efi nt P Vor ld .

E h ave n o w , i n a g o o d Me afu r e, fi
-

n i lh d o u r D e fc r i p ti o n o f th e fir ft a n d
’

a n t e dil u vi an E a rt h A n d as Tr av e l
l ers , w h e n t h e y fe e fir an g e C o u n tri es, m ak e i t
o f t h e ir Pl e afu r e a n d I m pr o v e m en t to
p
’
t
‘

a t
'

c o m p ar e t h em w it h t h e ir o w n , to o b fe t ve the
“
D i ffer e n c e s , a n d wh e r ei n t h ey e xc el, o r co me
’

ib o rt o f o n e an o t h e r : So i t w ill n o t b e u n
l e afa n t, n o r u n u fefu l, it m ay b e, h avi n g m ad e
p
a D i fc o v e r y , n o t o f a n e w C o u n try , b u t o f a
”

n ew
'

o rld W an d tr av e l l d i t
f
o ver i n ou r
’
'

T
ho u g h ts an d F an cy , n o w to {i t d o w n an d
compare it w i t h ou r o w n A n d t wi ll b e 11
’

hat 3
 The Th o y of th e
‘

5 30
'
e r E A R THJ
h ard Task , fr o m th e g en e r al Di ffe r e n c e s wh ic h
w e h av e t ak en N o tic e o f alr eady , t o o b fer v e
.

w h at l e ffe r w o u ld ari fe , an d w h at th e w h o l e
F ac e o f N at u re w o u ld b e .

T1 s al fo o n e Fr u it o f tr av elli n g t h at b y
’

fe e i n g V ari e ty o f Pl ac e s , a n d P eo p l e , o f Hu
’

m o u rs , F alh i on s , an d F o r m s o f L ivi ng it fr e e s
,

u s by d egr e e s , fr o m t h at P e d an try a n d L itt l e

n e fs o f Spirit , w h e r e by w e a r e a pt to c en fu r e

e v e ry th i n g fo r a b fu r d a n d ridic u lo u s , t h at i s
1

n o r a cco rdi n g t o o u r o w n W ay, a n d t h e Mo d e

o f o u r o w n C o u n try : Bu t i f, i n fl e ad o f c r o f
‘

fin g t h e S e as , w e c o u ld w aft ou r fe lv es o v e r to
o u r n e ig h b o u ri n g Pl a n e ts , w e fh o u ld m e et w it h

fu ch V ari eti e s t h e r e, b o t h 1 n N at u r e an d Man

k i n d , as w o u ld v e1 y mu c h e n larg e o u r Th o u g h ts
a n d So u ls a n d h e lp t o c u t e t h ofe D i fe a fes o f li t
,

t l e Mi n ds , t h at m ak e t h em tr o u b le fo m e to
o t h e rs , a s We ll as u n ea fy to t h e m fe l v es .

BUT fe e i n g o u r h e avy B o di e s ar e n o r m ad e
fo r fu ch V o y ag e s , t h e b efi a n d g r eateft t h i n g
w e c an do i n t h is ki n d , is to :m ak e a S u rv e y
a n d R e fl e éi i o n u p o n t h e a n t e d i l u vi an E art h ,

w h ic h i n fo m e S en fe w a s a n o t h e r Wo rld fr o m
t h i s , an d, it m ay b e, as di ffe r e n t as fo m e tw o

Pl an ets ar e fro m o ne an o t h e r We h av e de
n
.

cl a r d a h e ady th e g e n er a l Gr o u ds u p o n w h ic h
’

w e m u tt pr o c e ed , an d m u ll n o w tr a c e th e
C o n fe q u en c es o f t h em , an d driv e t h em d o w n
i n to P artic u l ars , w h ic h w il l ib e w u s i n m o lt
t h i n gs, w h er e i n t h at E arth , o r t h at Wo rl d,
di ff e r e d fr o m th e pr e fen t . Th e F o r m o f t h at
E art h , an d its S i tu ati on t o th e Su n, w er e two
3 of
3 32 728 00
f1
T H o té e EAR .

d o wn wh at th e St at e o f t h e m wo ul d be and 1 11 ,

h o w m u c h a b ett e r O rd e r a n d m o r e p e ac e abl e , ,

t h at Ki n gdo m w as til l th e Eart h was br o k e n

,

a n d di f lac d an d th e C o u r fe o f N at u r e c h an g d :
’

p ,

N o t h i n g vi o l en t n o t h i n g frigh t fu l n o t h i n g
, ,

t r o u b le fo m e o r t n co m m o d i o u s to Ma n ki n d ,
fi

c am e fro m ab o v e b u t th e C o u n t en an c e o f th e
,_

H e av en s w as a l w ays fm o o th an d fer en c I h av e .

o ft e n t h o u g h t it a v e ry d e fir a b le P i e c e o f Po w

er , i f a Man co u ld b u t c o m m an d a fa ir D ay ,

w h e n h e h ad o c c afio n fo r it fo r h i mf e lf o r fo r , ,

h i s Fri e n ds ; tis m o r e t h an th e g r e at efi Pri n c e

’

, _

o r P o t e n t at e Up o n E art h c an do 5 y e t t h e y n e

v er w an t e d o n e i n t h at Wo r l d
.

n o r e v e r faw a ,

fo u l o n e Befides t h ey h ad c o n fia n t Br e ez e s fr o m
.

t h e Mo ti o n o f th e E art h an d th e C ou r fe o f t h e ,

Va p o u rs w h ic h co o l d th e O p en Pl ai n s an d
,
’

m ad e th e W e at h e r t e m p e r at e as w e l l as fair , .

But w e h av e fp o k e n e n o u g h i n Ot h e r Pl a c e s
u p o n t h is S u bj e c t o f th e Ai r a n d th e H eav en s ,

l e t u s n o w d efc en d to t h e E a rt h .

TH E E a rth w as divid e d i n t o tw o H e m i
fp h e re s fep a r ate d by th e To rrid Z o n e w h ic h
, ,

a t t h a t ti m e w as u n i n h abit a bl e a n d u tt erl y ,

u n p affa b le ; ( 0 as th e t w o He m i f h er es m ad e
p
t w o di fti n ét Wo rlds w h ic h (0 far as w e c an
, ,

j u dge h ad n o m ann e r o f C o m m e rc e o r C o m
,

m u n i c at i o n o n e w it h an o t h e r Th e S o u t h ern .

He m i fph er e th e An ti e n ts call d Anti t b tb on t/ye ’

oppofite E ar th o r th e Ot/J er Wor ld

, An d t h is .

N a m e a n d N o ti o n r e m ai n d l o n g a ft er th e
’

Re a fo n o f it h ad ce as d u ft as th e T o rrid
’
’
J .
.

Z o n e w a s g en er ally acc o u n t e d u n i nh abit ab le

3 by
Cbnter m@ th e Tr i m E ar th , and Tar ad
‘

fi . .
33;

by th e An ci en ts e v en i n t h e ir Ti m e b ec au fe t e
, ,

r e ally h ad b e en (0 on c e an d th e Tr aditio n ,

r e m ai n d u nc or r eéted wh e n th e C au fe s we r e ta
’ ’
,

k en aw ay n am el y w h e n th e E art h h ad c h an g d
' ‘ ’

i ts Poftu r e to t h e S u n aft e r the D e l u g e

’
, .

TH 1 3 m ay b e l o o k d u p on as th e firfi Divi ’

ti on o f t h at p r i m azv al E art h i n t o two H e m i ,

fp h er es n at u r a lly fe v er d a n d di fim i te d : Bu t
’

it was alfo divid ed i n to five Z o n e s t wo Fri ,

T p T
'

g i df t w o e m e r at e a n d t h e o rrid b e t w ixt
,

t h e m And t h is D ifii n éti on o f th e Glo b e i n t o

.
'

five Z o n e s I t h i n k di d pr o p e rly b el o n g to th at
, ,

o ri g i n al E art h a n d pri m itiv e G eo gr ap h y

, an d ,

i m pro p er ly a nd by Tr an ll ati o n o n ly to th e
, ,

r e fe n t F o r al l th e Z o n e s o f o u r E art h ar e
p .

h abit a bl e a n d t h e ir D i fii n éti o n s ar e i n a m an
,

n e r b u t i m agi n ary n o t fix e d by N at u r e w h e r e
,

as i n t h at E art h w h er e th e R iv e rs fai l d an d
’

th e R egi o n s b e c am e u n i n h abit ab le by r e a ,

fo n o f D r i n e fs an d H e at t h e r e b eg u n th e ,

To rrid Z o n e ; an d w here th e R e gion s b e c ame '

u n i n h a bit a b le by r e afo n o f C o l d an d Mo i
fl u t e t h er e b egu n th e Frigid Z o n e ; an d the fe
,

b ei ng d et e rm i n a t h e y b ec am e B o u n ds o n e i
’

,
4

t h e r fi d e to th e Te m p er at e But a ll t h is w as .

alter d wh e n th e Po fiu r e o f th e E ar t h
’

w as
‘

eh ang d a n d c h an d fo r t h at v e ry
’

f
’

g p p
u r o e

Th a t th e
, ,

a s fo me o f t h e A n ci e n ts h av e faid ,

m i nhd hi tahle Ta r ts of th e E a r th mig h t become

h a hi ttzhle Y et t h o u g h t h e r e w as fo m u c h o f
.

t h e fir fi E art h u n i n h a bit a b l e , t h er e r e m a i n d
’

as m u c h to b e i nh abi t ed , a s w e h av e n o w fo r
th e Sea, fince t he br e aki n g u f t h e A b y fs
p o ,

h a th
 3 34 . Th Th
y f e E T AR H
eor o th e
'

h at h t ak e n a w ay h alf o f th e E art h fr o m u s a ,

gr e at p art w h er eo f w as to t h e m g o o d L an d Be;
fide s w e ar e n o t to fu ppo fe t h at th e To rrid
, , ,

Z o n e w as o f t h at Ext en t w e m ak e it n o w;
,

t wen ty t h r ee D egr e e s a n d m o r e o n e it h e r fide

r : T
q e fe B o u n ds ar e fe t o n ly
'

o f th e u ato h
.b y th e Tr o p i c k s an d th e T r o i ck s by th e O b
p
,
~

l iq u i ty o f th e C o u r fe o f t h e S u n o r o f th e Po ,
,

{l u r e o f th e E art h w h ic h w as n o t i n t hat ,

Wo rld Wh e r e th e R iv ers fio p d t h e r e th e To r
.
’

r i d Z o n e w o u ld b e gi n b u t th e S u n w as di r e é t
’
,

l y p e rp e n dic u l ar to n o p ar t o f it b u t th e m idd l e .

Ho w th e R iv e rs fl o w d i n th e fir fl: Eart h
’

w e h av e b efo r e e xp lai n d fu ffici e n tly an d

’

w h at P arts t h e R iv e rs did n o t r e a c h w e r e ,

t u r n d i n t o S a n ds a n d D e fe r ts by th e H e at o f
’

t h e S u n ; fo r I c an n o r e afily i m agi n e t h at th e
‘

, .

fan dy D e far ts o f th e E art h w e r e m ad e (0 at

fir fi i m m edi at e ly a n d fr o m t h e b eg 1 n n 1 ng o f
,

t h e Wo rld ; fr o m w h at C au fes ih o u ld t h at ,

b e a n d to w h at p u r po fe i n t h at Ag e ? Bu t
,

i n t h o fe Tr acks o f th e E art h t h at w e r e n o t
r e fr e ih e d w it h R iv e rs an d Mo i fiu r e w h ic h ,

c e m e n t th e P arts th e G r o u n d w o u ld m o u l
,

d er a n d cr u m b le i n t o littl e P i e c es a n d t h en ,

t h o fe Pi e c e s by t h e H e at o f th e S u n w er e
"
.

b ak d i n t o St o n e An d t h is w o u ld co m e to
’

a fs c h i e fly i n t h e h o t a n d fco r c h d R e gi o n s
’

p ,

o f th e E art h t h o u g h it m igh t h app e n fo m e

,

ti m e s w h er e t h e r e w as n o t t h at Extr em ity o f
H eat i f b y an y C h an c e a Pl ac e w an t e d R iv ers
,

a n d Wa t e r to k e e p th e E ar th i n du e T
, ,

. em . :

e r ; b u t t h o fe S a n ds wo u ld n o r b e ( rl y
p 0 e a

or
336 The T
.
h eory of the E A R r '

H .

S i lv er n o r co ar fer Me t al s Th e U fe o f th efe
,
a
.

is e it h e r i m agi n ary o r i n fu ch Wo rks as by , , ,

th e C o n fii tu ti o n o f t h e ir Wo r ld t h e y h ad littl e ,

O c c afion fo r A n d Mi n e r a ls ar e e it h e r fo r Me
.

d i ci n e w h ic h t h e y h ad n o n e e d o f fu rt h e r t h an
,

Herbs ; o r fo r Mat eri als to c ert ai n Arts w h ich ,

w e r e n o t t h e n i n u fe o r w er e fu pp li e d by o t h e r ,

w a ys Th e fe fu b ter r an e o u s t h i n gs Met als ,

a n d m e talli c k Mi n e r als a r e fifti ti o u s n ot o ri , ,

i al B o di e s c o aev a l w it h t h e E art h ; b t
g n , u a r e

m ad e i n Pr o c e fs o f Ti m e aft e r l on g Pr ep ar a
,

t i o n s an d C o n c o Eti o n s by t h e AC ti o n o f th e S u n
’
,

w it h i n th e B o w e ls o f th e E art h A n d i f t h e S ta .

mi na o r P r i n cipl e s o f t h em ri fe fr o m th e lo w
,

e r R e gi o n s t h at li e u n d e r th e Ab y fs as I a m a t
p ,

t o t h i n k t h e y do it d o t h n 0 t fe e m pr o b a bl e th a t
,

t h e y c o u ld b e dr aw n th ro fu ch a Ma fs o f W a ’
~

t e rs o r t h at th e H e at o f th e Su n c o u ld o n a
,

fu dden p e n e tr at e fo d e e p an d b e a bl e to ,

l o o fe n t h em a n d t a i fe t h e m i n t o th e e xt e ri o r
,

E art h An d as th e fir fi A g e o f th e Wo rld
.

w as c all d G olden t h o u g h it k n e w n o t w h at
’

G o ld w as ; (0 t h e fo ll o w i n g Ag e s h ad t h e ir
N am e s fr o m fev er al Me t als w h ic h lay t h en ,

a fl e e p i n th e d ar k a n d d e ep W o m b o f N a .

t u r e an d faw n ot th e S u n t il l m an y Y ears an d
,
.

A g e s aft e r w ards .

H A V I N G r u n t h r o u g h th e fe v er al R e gi o n s
o f N at u r e fr o m To p t o B o tt o m fr o m th e
,
. .

H eav e n s to th e l o w e r P ar ts o f th e Eart h and ,

m ad e fo m e O b fer v ati o n s u p on t h e ir Ord er i n

t h e a n t e dil u vi a n Wo rld l et u s n o w l o o k u p -
'

o n Ma n an d o t h e r l ivin g Cr e at u r es t h at m a k e
'
,

th e
 Concer ning th e Tr i m E a r th , a nd Ta ra a i
fi .
’ ’
.
3 37
th e fu
p er tor an d an i m at e P art o f N at u r e . We
h av e o b fer ve d, a n d fufh c i e n tly fp o k e n to t h at
D i ffer en c e b et w ixt t h e Men o f th e o l d Wo rld ,
a n d t h o fe o f th e p r e fen t, 1 n P o i n t o f L o n g e v i ty ,

a n d giv en th e Re afo ns o f it b u t w e m u tt n o r
i m ag i n e t h at t h is l o n g L i fe w as pe c u l i ar to Man ,
a l l Ot h e r A n i m als h ad t h e i r S h ar e o f 1 t, an d w e r e

i n t h e ir Pr o p o rtio n lo n g e r l i v d t h an t h e y ar e
’
-

n o w N ay ,n o t o n l yAn i m al s , b u t alfo V e t b l
.
g e a e s

an d th e F o r m s o f al l l ivi n g Th i n gs w e 1 e far
m o r e p e r m an e n t : Th e Tr ee s o f th e Fi e ld an d .

o f th e F or e ft, i n all Pr o b a bility , o u t l afie d t h e

’
-

I
L iv es o f Men ; an d do n o t k n o w b u t th e 151 1 9 :

G ro v es o f Pi n e s an d C e d ars t h at t)
-
gre w o u t o f th e
E ar th , o r t h at w er e pl an t e d i n t h e G ard e n o f
Go d, m ig h t b e fian di n g w h en th e D e l u c e c am e,
( E z eh xxxi 8 an d fe e fr om fitfi to l ai t, th e
. . .
’

en tire CO u r fe an d P eri o d O f a Wo rld .

WE m igh t add h e r e w ith St Anfii n (Ci tf , .

, .

D ei li é I 5 e a n o t h e r Ob fer v ati o n b o t h
‘
, . . .
,

c o n c e rn i n g Men an d o t h er livi n g C r e at u r e s tn
th e fi r ft Wo rld t h at t h e y w er e gr e at er as w el l
’
,

a s l o n g e r 1i v d
o
-
t h an t h ey ar e at pr e fen t : Th i s
’

feem s to b e a v e ry r e a fo n ab l e Co n jeé tu r e ; fo r ’

t h e St at e o f e v er yT h i n g t h at h at h L i fe 1 5 divid e d
i n t o th e Ti m e o f i ts G r o w t h its C o n fi fte n c y ,

a n d its D e c ay ; a n d w h e n th e w h o le D u r ati o n

i s lo n g e r e v e ry o n e o f th efe P arts t h o u g h n o t
, ,

al w ays 1 n l ik e Pr o p o rti o n s w i l l b e l o n g er We ,
.

m u tt fu p pOfe t h e n t h at th e G r o wt h b Oth i h
, \

Men an d o t h e r A n i m als lafied l o n g e r i n t h at

(

Wo rld t h an it d o th n o w a n d co n feq u e n tly

\
‘

carri e d t h e ir B o di e s b Oth to a gr eat er H eig h t

B o 0 K II . Z an d
3 38 The T
heory of th e E A R Tn
’

and B u lk A n d i h lik e Man n er t h eir Tr ees

.
,

w o u ld b e b o t h tali e r a n d e ve ry Way
,

er ,

t h a n o u r s ; n e it h er w e r e t h ey i n an y
'

t h e r e to b e bl o w n d o wn by Wi n ds afi d S tor m s
’

, ,

o r {tr u ck w it h T h u n d e r th o th ey h ad b e e n as
’ '

h ig h as th e fi g ypti dnPyr am ids an d w h atfo J

e v e r t h e ir H e i h t w as ; i f t h y h d R ts d
g e a o o a n

Tr u n ks pr o p o r ti o n ab le a n d w er e fi r e i g h t an d ,
“

w e ll p o i s d t h e ) w o u ld {l an d fir m a n d w it h a
’ ‘
r
, ,

gr e at e r Maje fiy T h e F ow ls of Hea v en ma ki ng
.
‘

th ei r Nefi s i n th ei ij B oug h t '

d u nder th ei r , an

Sh a do w th e Beaji r of th e F i eld hr i ng i ng f or th
'

th ei r f ari n
g W h.en T h i n gs a r e fa irly
p o fl i b lé

i n t h e ir C a u fe s , an d po fli b le i n fev e r al D e r ees,

l ’ ‘

g
h i g h e r Or lo w e r, tis Weak n e fs Of Sp irit i n u s,
l '
L

f ’ ’

t o thi nk t h e r e i s n o th i n g i n N at u r e, bu t i n
t h a t o n e way or i n th at o n e D egr ee , t h at w e
,

'

a r e u s d to And w h o fo ev er b e li e v es t h Ofe
’ '

T/in
\

A c c o u h ts g i v e n u s b O th by th eAn ci eh ts (
'
‘

, s

l 7 o f z S tr a h Z
. . .
‘

a nd . .

fW a /a hhr v ol 3 5) o f th e Indi a wil l

'
. . n

n o t th i n k it fi r a ri g e th at th o fe o f th e firil E arth
'

'

fh o u l d m u c h e xc e e d a n y fee i n
t h is VVO t ld Th at all ego ric al D e fc r i pti o n o f
.

t h e G l o ry o f Afljr i a i n E z eki el Ch ap xx ‘
'
'

, .

b yAll u fi on to a n d p arti c u l arly to th e

Tr e es Of Pa r a dife, was c h i efly fo i t h e G r e at

‘

n e fs a n d S tate l i nefs o f t h em an d there is a l l

'
' ‘

F a i rne fs o f R e a fo n t o b e li e v e, t h at i n th at firft
' ’

E art h b o t h th e Birds o f th e Ai r and th e Be afis

,
‘
,

o f th e Fi e ld a n d t h e T ,
re e s an d t h e ir Fr uit, w er e
al l i n t h e ir fev e r al Ki n ds m o r e l arg e and g o o dl y
'

t h an N atu r e p ro d u c es an y n o w.
 34 0 The Theory of the E A R T H:
far g r eat e r Ext e n t an d C o n fe u en ce
q
-
B u t to .

r et u rn to th e Sub jeCt .

A s th e an i m at e Wo r ld d e p e n ds u p on th e i n a
n i m at e fo th e civil Wo rld d e p e n ds u p o n t h em
,

b o t h an d t ak es 1 ts Me afu r e s fr o m t h em N at u re
,

i s th e F o u n d ati o n (fi ll an d th e Affairs o f Man ,

k i nd ar e a S u per flr u Ctur e th at w i ll b e al w ays pr o

‘

p o r ti o n d to it
’

T h e r e fo r e w e m u ff lo o k b ack
.

u p o n th e Mo d e l o r Pi a u r e o f t h e ir n at u r al
, ,

Wo rl d; w h ic h We h av e dr aw n b efo r e to m ak e ,

o r u dg m e n t o f th e c m l an d
o u r C o n je étu r es
J , ,

arti fici al t h at w er e to a cc o m p an y it
, We O h .

fe rv d fr o m t h e ir p e rp e t u al E qu i n o x an d th e
’

S m O Oth n e fs o f th e E art h t h at th e Ai r w o u ld b e
'

a l w ays c al m an d th e H eav en s fair

, n o c ol d o r ,

v i o l en t Wi n ds R ai n s o r St o rm s n o Extr em ity
, , ,

o f We at h e r i n a n ki n d n d t h e r e f r e t h e y
y a o ,

w o u ld n e e d l itt le Pr o teé ti on fro m t h e I n j ur i es ’

o f th e Ai r i n t h at St at e ; w h er eas n o w o n e
, ,

gre at P art o f th e Affairs o f L i fe is to pr eferv e

o u r fe lv es fr o m th o fe I n c o n v e n i en ci e s by ,

B u ildi n g an d C lo ath in g Ho w m an y H an ds an d .
,

h o w m an y Tr a des ar e e m p lo y d ab o u t th e fe two
'

Th i n gs ? Wh ich t h e n w e r e i n a m an n e r n eed
l e fs , l e afi i n fu ch Pl ai n n e fs a n d Si m pli ci
o r at
t y, t h at e v e ry Man m ig h t b e h i s o w n W o rk
m an Ten ts an d B o w e rs w o u ld k e e p t h em
.
'

fr o m al l I n c o m m o diti e s o f th e Ai r an d VVe a
’

t h er , b etter t h an St o n e alls an d il t o n g Ro o fs
’

W
d e fe n d u s n o w , an d Me n ar e apt to t ak e th e
~
e afi eft W
ays o f L ivi n tg D, till N e c e fii ty o r Vic e

u t t h e m u p o n o t h e rs t h at ar e m o r e l ab o ri o u s
p ,

an d m or e arti fici al e alfo o b fer v d an d pr o v d,

. W ’ ’

t h at
C oncerni n
g th e Tr i m E a . rt h, an d Pa r a dife
'

.
34 I

th a t t h ey h ad n o S ea i n th e pr 1 m 1 t1 v e an d ant e
dil u vi an Wo rld , w h ic h m ak es a v aft di ff e r en c e ’

’
t w ixt u s and t h em Th is t ak e s u p h al f o f o u r .

Glo b e an d a g o o d p art o f Man ki n d is b u fied w it h

,
,

S e aAffai r s an d N avi g ati o n T h e y h ad littl e n e e d .

o f m e rc h an di z i n g t h en N at u r e fuppl y d t h e m ’

at H o m e w it h all N e c effar i es w h ic h w e r e fe w , ,

an d th e y w e r e n o t fo gr e e dy o f S u p e r fl u i ti e s
a s w e ar e We m ay add to th e fe w h at co n
.
,

c e r n d t h e i r F o o d a n d Di et ; An ti qu ity d o t h g e
’

n er ally fu pp o fe t h at Me n w e r e n o t c ar n iv o r o u s
,

i n th o fe Ag e s o f th e Wo r l d O r did n o t fe e d ,
-

u p o n El eib b u t o n ly u p on Fr u it an d H e rbs
, .

An d t h is fe em s to b e p lai n l y co n fir m d by S crip
’

t u r e ; for aft e r th e D e l u g e G o d A l m ig h ty gi ve s ,

N oa h an d h i s Po fter i ty a L ic en c e to e at F l efh ,

( G en ix. 2 . E v e ry m o
,v i n
g T h i ng th a t li v et h a

e Meat or y on Wh e r ea s b efo r e i n th e
fl
.
aa ll h f .
,

n e w m ad e E a rt h G o d h ad p r e fc r i b d t h e m
’
-
,

H erbs and Fr u it fo r t h e ir Di e t (Gen i Be , . .

h old I h a v e g i v en j on ev ery Her h hea r i ng

w h i ch i s upon th e F a ce of a ll th eE a r th a nd

e v er] T r ee, i n th e w h i ch i s th e F ru i t o a T
f r ee

eldi n Seed, toy ou i t h a li he or Mea t A n d

y i g j f .

of t h is n at u r al Di et t h e y w o u ld b e pr o vid ed to
t h e ir H an ds w it h o u t fu rt h e r Pr e p ar ati o n as
.
, ,

t h e Bi r ds an d th e Be affs ar e .

U P O N th efe g e n er al G r o u n ds w e m ay i n fe r
t h at th e civi l Wo rl d t h en as
v
‘

an d c o n c l u d e ,

w e ll as th e n at u r al h ad a v e ry di ffer en t F a c e,

a n d Afpeé t fr o m w h at it h at h n o w ; fo r o f
’

t h e fe H e ads F o o d and C lo ath i ng B u i l di n g

, ,

a nt affick wit h t h at Tr ain of Ar ts T

, r ad e s ,

Z 3 and
34 9 . T
h T
h eo y o
f e r th e a mb i t .

an d Man u faé tu r es t h at att e n d ’

c ivi l r

O r de r o f Th i ngs is i n a O gr eat Me af ur e c o n fl i '

t u t e d an d c o m p ou n d e d ; T
'

h e fe m ak e th e Bu
' '

fi n c fs o f L i fe ; th e feve r al O c en ari on s o
dth e fe fill
t h No i f a n
e e d H rry of h
u t e 13 11 11 1

o u r C iti es an d a nd O uf Hav en
l
' ‘

'
,
s

a h d Po rt s ; y l l th é fe fine T h i ngs ar e b u t?
' '
l
'

-
e t a

t h e E ffc é ts O f I n dige n cy an t e c e fli tOu fn e fs;

’
‘

"
a n d We re , fo r th e m o fl p art , ne ed le Q an d u n
'
'
a

k n o w n 1 11 t h at h ifi S t at e o f N at ui e
'
1 ’
Th eA n .
a

c i ents h av e t o ld fam e Th i n gs i n Eff eét

'

b u t t e lli n g u s the tii it h o u t th ei r G r o u ndh, w

'

e
‘

w h ic h th e y t h e felves did m t h éy
'

l o Ok tl 11 k e po e ti ca l F i ftil
’ ' ‘

o n s , an d w it h mofi Men

W e h av e fh ew n them i n e r L i gh t, w i t
-

h
t h e i r Rc afo n s and C a ufes ,d c du c d fr o m th e St at e
‘ ’ ’

o f t h e < n at u 1 al w h ic h ih t h e Bafis u p o h
i
.

l
w h i c h th ey fi a n d ; an d t h is dot h n o t o ri l y g i ve
'
’ '

the m a i u fi an d fu l l C 1 edl b 1 11 ty , b u t al fo lay s a

F o un d ati o n fo r Afte r t h oubg h ts a nd fu rt h e r D e! ,

du él i o ns , w
h e n t h ey m e e t w i th Mi n ds di p s d
'

u i f ue S e c u l ati o n s o f t h i s N at u r e
J 3
to
p p
1
.

A s f0 1 L a Ws , Go ve r n m e
~
al R e l i l
a h d J u di c i al th all
'

t h ei r E q u ipag e , Wh ic h O rd e r
'

of T h i n gs i n th e civil a nd m o r al Wo r ld , to
‘

c alc u lat e th e fe u p o n t h e G r o u nds i v é ti , w u l d

’

g o
b e m dr e diffic u lt, an d m o re u n c er ta1 n
'

h ei
t h e r do t h e y at a ll b e lo n g t Ot h Th eo
ry Bu t fr o m w h at w e h av e a
.

w e may b e ab l e t o h i ak e a b e tt
t ho fe t r aditi on al Account s
’ ‘
'
 '

34 4, f 77919 7792
E A
017 R T H. o tb e

t h e ir p lai n Man n er o f L i vi n g Ti s w e t h at
'
.

h av e l e ft th e Tr ack o f N at u r e t h at ar e w r o u g h t ,

an d fc r e w d u p i n tO Ar ti fice s t hat h av e di f
‘
'
,

g u is d o u r fe lves an d tis i n o u r Wo r l d t h at th e
’
o
’

S c en e s ar e c h an g d an d b e co m e m o r e fir an g e
’

an d fan tail i c al
'

‘
.

I
W I L L c o n c lu d e t h is Di fco u r fe w it h an e afy
R em ar k , an d w it h ou t an y p artic u l ar App lic a
ti o n o f it Ti s a fir an g e P o w e r t h at G a h o m
'
’
.

h at h u p o n w e ak an d littl e Spirit s, w h o fe
‘

Th o u g h ts r e ac h no fu rt h er t h an t h e ir S e n fe s
an d w h at t h e y h av e fe e n a n d b ee n u s d to ,
’

t h e y m ak e th e St and ard an d Mea fur e o f N at u re,

o f R e afo n , an d o f a ll ® em r u m
l
'

N eit he r ar e -
.

t h e re an y S o r t o f Me nm o r e po fiti vé an d t en a
ci o ns Of t h e ir p etty O pi n i o n s, t h an t h ey ar e ;
n o r m o r e c enifo r i o u s , e v en to Bi tter n efs a n d
"
Malice ; An d r i s g e n e r ally (0 , that th o fe th at
'

h av e th e l e ali Evid en c e fo r th e Tr uth o f t h e ir

b e l o ve d O pi n i o h s, ar e m o lt pee vi lh an d i mpaz
'
‘

t ie n t i n th e D e fen c e o f t h e m i Th i s T
'
o rt O f
‘
- - ~

Me n ar e th e l ali t h at w ill b e mad e w i fe Men , ‘

i t e v e r t h e y ,b e I fo r t h e y h a v e th e w o r lt o f D 1 11

ca fe s t h at acc O m p an y Ign o r an c e , an d do not

’ ‘

m c h k n o wt h em fe lve s to b e li ck
{0 u a s .
 Tr i m E ar th,and Tnm dzfe
‘

Concer ni ng th e . .
34 ;

C HA P . VII .

Th ? lnee of Par adi fe cannot he deter mi nedfr om

e

th e T h emy onlj morfr om Scr iptur e only Wh at

‘

th e Senfe of Anti qui ty w a s concerni n i t, hath

g
a s to the y ew: a nd Hen th ens , a nd ef eci a lly
p
a s to th e Ch f i /zz nn F a ther h eyg ene
‘
'

r a lly la c d i r ou t o f thi s Conti nent, i n the

”
’

p
onth er n Hen n J her e
'

f fi
'

h ave now pr ep are d o ur Wo r k fo r th e

' '

h it fin ilh i n g Str o k e s de fcr i b ed th e fir fi

' '

th , an d e o m p ar d it w it h th e p r e fen t 5 an d
' ’

n o t o n ly th e tw o E art h s , b u t i n a g o o d Me afu r e

t h e w h o le St at e an d O eco n o m y o f t h o re t wo
'

Worlds It remai n s o n ly to d e t er m i n e th e P l ac e
.

of T
,

a r adzfe i n t h at pri m aev al E art h ; I fay, i n

'

t h at pri m aev al Ear th ,for w e h av e driv en th e P o i nt

"
fo far a lr e ady , t h at th e S eat o f it c o u ld n o t b e i n
t h e p r e fe nt E art h , wh o fe F o r m , S it e , an d Ai r ,
“

a r e fo di fp o s d as c o u l d n o t eo n fii r w it h th e fir ft
‘’

a nd m o lt i n di fpe n li b le Pr o p erti e s o f a
‘
dije ;
An d acc o rdi n gly , w e fee wi t h w h at i ll S u cce fs
o u r m o d e r n Au t h o rs h av e r an g d o v e r th e
’

Eart h , to fin d a fit Sp o t o f G r o u n d to pl an t Ta
m dzfe i n 3 fo m e wo u ld fer it o n th e To p o f an
'

l h i h Mou n t a i t h t it m ig h t h av e g o o d A i r
'

g n , a

a n d fair We at h e r , as b e i n g ab ov e th e C l o u ds ,

a n d th e m iddl e R egi o n ; b u t t h en t h e y w e r e
l

a t a L o fs f o r Wat e r , w h ic h m ad e a g r e at P ar t
fio f th e Pl e afu r e and B eau ty o f t h at P l ace
.
0 .

t h er s th er efo r e wou ld fear i t i n a Plai n, o f i n

3 a Bi :
 77 Theory of the E A R THJ
' ‘

34 5 '
ge .

a R i v er Ifl an d,
-
t h at t h ey m igh t h av e Wat e r e:
n o u g h 5 b u t t h en it w o u ld b e fu b jeét to th e In
j u ri es o f th e Ai r an d fo u l We at h e r at th e Sea
,

fo sn o f th e Y e a r fr om w h i c h b
, o t h R e a fo n and ,

a l l Au t ho rity h av e ex em pt e d fRa d e Ti s li k e . .

feek i n g a p erfe éj t B e au ty m a m o rt al Bo dy th er e ,

are ( 0 m an y T h i ngs r e q u ir ed to it as to Go m ,

p le xi o n F e at u r es Pr o p o rti o n s andAir t h at t h e y
, , ,

n e v e r m e e t al l t og et h er i n o nePe r fo n 3 n e i th e r

c a n all the Pr o p e rti e s of a terreItr i al T a mdz 6

’

e v e r m ee t t o g e t h e r m o n e P l ac e th o n ev e r fo
’

D ,

w e l l c ho fe n i ng h i s pr e fen t E art h
”

,
I j .

Bu r i n th e p mm aeval E art h w h ic h w e h av e
de fer i b ed ti s e afy to fin d a S e at th at h ad all
,

t h o fe B eaut i e s a n d C o n v en i e n c i es We h av e . 1

e v e ry w h e r e th r o th e t e mp e r at e C li m ates
’ ’

a ,

cl ear a n d c ou ltan t Ai r a fr uit ful S o i l pl ea , ,

fan t Wa t er s an d a ll th e g e ne r al C har aéter s o f

,

a mdzje ; fo t h at th e Tr o u b l e Wi l l b e r at he r
'

'

i n th at C o m p eti ti o n w h at P art o r R e gi o n to , ,

p itc h u p o n i n p artic u l ar B u t to c o m e as n e ar .

i t a s w e c an we m ut t re m e mb er i n th e firfr
’
,

P l ac e h o w t h at E ar t h was di vi ded i n t o t wo
, ,

Hm i fph e
e r es , dili an t
H an

a no t h e r n o t by an i m ag
, :

r e a l B o u n d ary t h at c o u ld n o t b e p afi ; (
Q as th e
firlt I nq u iry w i l l b e i n W het he r o f th e fe He
, , “ . ,

m i fph er e s w as th e Se at o f fli n m défe To an fwer ;

t hi s p n ly Mco r di ng to o u r T h eor y I co nfefs y zl

r
, , ,

th e n o n at ur al Re afo no r Qc c afion gro p l aee i nin

'

; ,

o ne H e m i fph er e moz e t han i nfa no th c r s 1 fee

’ ’

no Grou n dmf Da ffe ren ee or Rt e e mi n en c e t h at -

,

o ne had f ab ove th e ot h er ; a nd I am apt to

'
'

o x v

3 t h i nk ,
34 8
. Th e{Theo y of E AR r H
r th e ’
.

a n d t wo o f t h e m a lt o g et h e r u n i n t e lligi b l e :
3

Wh er e ar e t h e r e fo u r R iv ers i n o u r C o n ti n en t
t h at c o m e fr o m o n e H ead as th e fe a1 e fa id to ,

h av e d o n e e it h er at th e En tr an c e o r M
, i ne o f
th e G ard en ? T i s tr u e i f y ou a d m it o u r Ifj
’
o
,

oth f c c e r n i n g t h e F r aéti o n an d D i fr u
’
p e o n p
~

o
ti o n o f th e E art h at t h e D e lu g e t h en w e can ,
»

n o r e x p e ét to fin d R iv e rs n o w as t he y We r e ,

b e fo r e th e g e n er al S o u r ce i s c ha ng d an d th e ir ’

C h an n e l s ar e a l l br o k e u p b u t i f y o u do no t
a d m it fu c h a D iifo lu ti o n o f th e E art h b u t fu p ,

o fe th e D e l u e to h av e be e no n l y lik ea {tan d
p g
i ng P o o l aft e r it h ad o nc e c o v e r d th e S u r fa c e
’

o f th e E ai th I d “ o n o t fe e w h y it fh o u l d m ak e
,

a n y gr ea t H av ock o r C o n fu fio n m it ; a n d t h e y

t h at g o t h at W a y ar e t h er e fo 1 e t h e m o r e o b li d ’

, g
t o lh ewu s ( til l t h e R iv e rs o f
,
S e v e r al
of th e An ci en ts as w e fh all fh e w h e r eaft er f up
, ,

o s d t h e fe fo u r R iv e rs to h av e t h e ir h e a ds i n t h e
’

p
o ther H e m i fp h e r e ; an d 1 f fo th e S e a t o f ? nr n ,
~

ci e m ig h t b e t h e r e to o u t l e t t h e m fir fi a gr e e
t/ B .

a m o n g th e m fe l v es c o n c e r n i n g th e fe R iv e rs ,

a n d th e C o u n tr 1 es t h e y r u n t h r o i an d w e w il l ,

u n d ert ak e to {h e w t h a t t h er e can n o t b e an y

fu ch i n t h is C o n ti n e n t
S 1: E I N G t hen n eit h er th e Th eo ry d o th de
t er mi n e n o r Script u r e w h e r e th e Pl a c e o f T4
m olt/é w as n o r i n w h et h e r He m
, ,

, i fp h e r e w e ,

m u ft app e al to An tiq u ity o r th e O pi n i o n s o f ,

th e An ci e n ts fo r I k n o w n o o t h e r G u id e b u t
o n e o f t h efe t h r ee Script u r e R e a fo n a
,
n d an , ,

ei en t Tr aditi o n an d wh er e th e two fo r m e r
ar e fil ent it feem
, s ve1 y r eafo n ab le to c o n fu lt
 Concer ni ng the Qr i mJE or th, a nd T
’
orndije
'

.
34 9

th e t h ird An d t h at o u r I n q u iri es m ay b e co m
.
.

r e h e n li v e e n o u g h , w e w ill c on fide r w h at th e
p
et/vs , w h at th e Hea th ens , an d w h at th e Ch r iji i
y
’

o n F a t h e rs h av e faid , o r de te r m i n d, c o n c e r n i n g
’

th e S e a t o f T or ndifie . Th e 7mm an d Hehrew

D o €to rs pl ac e it i n n e i th er He m i fph er e, b u t b e
t wixt b Oth, u n d e r th e [E q u i n o éti a h as yo u m ay
’

fee p lai n ly i n Ahr nv nnel, Monofi s , B en

Mni nzoni nes , E hen E z r a , an d o t h e rs Bu t th e
’
.

R eafo n w h y t h ey c arri e d it n o fu rt h e r t h an th e
L i n e, is, b ec au fe th e y fu pp o s d it c e rt ai n , as E hen
’

E z r a t e lls u s , t h at th e D ays an d Nig h ts w e r e al

'

w ays eq u al i n ? nr odife, an d t h e y did n o t k no w

h o w t h at c o u ld b e, u n l e fs it fto o d u n d er th e E
i oC t i l B u t w e h av e lh e w n ano t h e r Me t h o d ,
q u n a.

w h e r e i n t h at p erp e t u al Eq u i n o x c am e to p a fs ,
a n d h o w it w as c o m m o n to a ll th e P arts an d C l i

m at es o f th atE ar th , wh i c h i f t h e y h ad b een awar e

o f, an d t h at th e T o rridZ o n e at t h at ti m e w as

u tt e rly u n i n h abit a bl e , h avi n g r e m o v d t h e ir T

’

r ndije t h u s far fr o m Ho m e , th e y w o u l d p ro b a
,

bly h ave r em o v d it a litt le fu r th er i n to th e te m

’

e r at e C l i m at e s o f t h e o t h e r He m i fp h er e
p .

TH E an ci en t H eat h en s, P o ets a n d Ph i lo fo
er s , h ad th e N o ti o n o f T o m di e, o r r at h e r
p h f
o f fev er al i nr nnifes i n th e E art h 5 an d tis t e
’ ' ’

m ark ab le, t h at t h ey plac d t h e m g e n e r ally , i f

’

n o t a ll o f t h em , o u t o f t h is C o n ti n en t 5 i n

t h e O c e an , o r b e y o n d it , o r i n an o t h e r O r b o r
Hem i fph er e Th e G ard en o f
.

th e fo rt u n at e Ifl nnn s , th e
’

g i n an d T o r nhnne, a s it is de fc r i b d
p
’

m s Si enlns , w it h o t h ers fu ch l ik e ; wh ich as

t h ey
3 50 . T
h Th e eory o f t he E A R TH:
'

t h e y wer e all ch ar aete r i z d lik e (0 m an y Tor oo i ’

' a

er fo t h e y w e r e a ll fe at e d o u t o f o u r C o n ttn en t
f
'

, ,

by t h e ir Ge ogr ap h y an d D e fcr ipti o n s o f t h e m .

THU S far An tiq u ity fe em s to i n cli n e to th e ‘

O t h er H e m i f h er e
p o r to fo m e P l ac e b e y o n d,

t h e B o u n ds o f o u r C o n ti n en t fo r th e S eat o f

Tor ndi e Bu t t h at w h ic h w e ar e m o fr to de ’

u p o n i n t h is Affair
p end is C h r i fii an A n ti ,

q u i ry th e J u dg m e n t an d Tr aditi o n o f th e F a
,

t h er s u p o n t h i s A rg u m e n t An d w e m ay fi fe . .

l y fay i n th e fir fi Pl ac e n eg ativ ely t h at n o n e

'
~

, ,

o f t h e C h r i fi i ah F at h e rs L a ti n o r Gr eek e v er , ,

n oi e i n Me/b otnrn i n 5 th at i s a C o n
’
l ac d a
f
’

p p
c e i t a n d I n v e n ti o n o f fo m e m o d e r n Au t h or s
-

w h ic h h av e b e en m u c h e n co u r ag d o f l at e
’
'
.

b ec au fe it g av e Me n E afe a n d R e fi as t o fur '

t h e r E n q u iri es i n a n A rg u m en t t h e y c o u ld
,

n o r w e ll m an ag e Secondly We m ay affir m .
,
.

t h at n o n e o f t h e C h r i fti an F at h ers h av e p l ac d ’

Pd r nnifie i n a ny d et er m i n at e R egi o n o f o u r
‘ ’

C o n ti n e n t fifth d f r i ch o r E nr ope
, , I h av e ,

r ea d o f o n e o r t w o A u t h o rs I th i n k t h at fatt , ,

c i e d P nr ndi e t o h av e b e e n a t er nfnlem 5 b 1 t
j
‘ ’
f
‘
*

1
'

t w as a m er e F an cy t h at n o B o dy r eg ard e d o r
’

p u r f ud
’

. Th e
C o n tr o v er fy am on g ft th e F a
x
‘

as q u it e an o t h er
’
t h er s c o n cer n i n g l hz r no
ifi
'

w ’

Th i n g fr o m w h at i r is n o w o f l at e Th e y
'
'
'

di fp u te d an d c o n tr o v ert ed , w h e t h e r Por ndifie

(

w as co r po r e a l o r i n te ll eétu al only , a n da ll eg o
‘

t i cal 5 t h is w as th e gr an d P o i n t a m o n fi t h e m
g .

Th e n o f th o fe t h at t h o u gh t i r co rp o re al, fo m e
'

l d it h i h A fl by
’

p a c
g i n t h e i r , fo m e i n ac c e i b l e ,

D e far ts or Mo u nt ai n s, an d m an y b ey o n d t h e
’

O c ean,
 3 5 2J T
h Th oy e
of E
e r A R T H th e .

e fi th e m fe l ve s i n v ari o u s Way s an d u n d e r v a3
p r ,

t io u s Fo r ms y e t u p o n ,a du e I n t e rpr e t ati o n ,

t h ey all m e e t i n o n e c o mm o n an d g e n er al C o n “
c l u fio n
’
, t h at ? a r aa ifie w as feat ed b e y o n d t h e
E q u i n oé ti al o r i n th e o t h e r He m i fp h er e
’
, .

A N D to u n de r fl an d th i s a r i g h t, w e m u fi t e ,
a
,

fl eet i n th e fir fi Pl ac e, u p o n th e F o rm o f th e pr i m
m azva l E art h , a n d o f th e tw o Hem i fp h er es o f _

w h ic h it co n fifie d alt o g e t h e r i n c o m m u n ic ab le
, ,

o ne w it h t h e r by r e afo n o f th e To rrid Z o n e ,
an o ,

b et w ixt t h em 5 fo as th o fe tw o He m i fph er e s w er e
t h en as two di fii n ét Wo rlds o r di fii n ét E arth s , ,

t h at h ad n o C o m m erc e w u b o n e a n o t h e r A n d .

t h is N o ti o n o r Tr aditi o n w e fin d am o n g He a
, ,

t h en Au t h o rs as w ell as C h r 1 fl i an 5 t h is o ppo fite

,

E art h b ei n g c all e d by t h e m Anti ch th on an d its ,

I n h abit an ts fl nti eh th ones F o r th o fe Wo rds

,

c o m pr e h en d b o t h th e A nte oa e s an d Anto ni
’
p ,

o r all b e o n d th e L i n e as is man i fe i t fr o m t h e ir
’
y
,

b eft Au th o r s , as fi ch i lles , T
.

a ti ns , an d Gafa r Ger

T
mani ens mpo n Ar a ta s , r ohns Gr a mma ti ens fi en
r i nns , Pom oni ns Mela , an d T A
'
‘
f o
p li n
j n d th e fe .

w e r e c a ll e d an o t h e r Wo r ld, a n d l o o k d u p o n as
’

a n o t h e r St o ck an d R ac e o f Man k i n d, as app e ars

fro m Ci ce r o an d Ma cr obi us , ( Somn S cipl) Bu t .

as th e l att e r P ar t w as th e i r Mi fiak e , ( o th e fo r ,

m er is a ck n o w l edg e d by C h r i fii an Au t h o rs , as
w e l l as o t h er s ; a n d p artic u l arl y S t Clement, .

i n h i s E pi file to th e Cor i nth i a ns , m e n ti o n s :a

Wor ld, o r Wor ld: hej ona th e Oeea nfnhjeéi to
’

di v i ne Pr ov i denee, a na the g r ea t L or d of Na t
‘ ’

ta r e a s w ell a s ou r s Th is PalT a e o f St Cle

.
g .

inent is al fo c it d b St C
e y je i
r on e , i n
hi s o n t -
z

T
, .

m e n t ary up o n Ep h ii 2 an d by Or ig en er i
. . .
 Concer ning th e Tr i m E ar th, and .
35 5

a r eh on , L ié
( w h er e th e I n h a bit a n t s
'

. z . e .

o f t h a t o t h e r Wo rld ar e c a ll d A n ti eh th oner
’
’
.

I M A K E t h is R em ark i n th e fir i t Pl ac e, t h at
' ’

w e m ayi u n der fi an d th e tr u e S e n fe an d I m p o r
‘

t an c e of th o fe Ph r afe s an d Exp r e f fio ns am o n g fi:
‘
‘

th e A n ci e n ts
w h e n t h e y fay 7 a r a a tfi w as i n
,
3 '

a noth er ”or /d
f
Wh ic h ar e n o t to b e fo u n d e r:
.

“
fl o o d, as i f t h e y t h o u g h t fPa r a a ifie w as i n th e
’
’

Mo o n , o r i n yupi ter , o r h u ng ab o v e lik e a C l o u d

or a Met e o r t h e y w er e n o t fo e xt r av ag an t ; b u t
,

t h at Ta r a olife w as i n a n o t h er He m i fp h e r e w h ic h ,

w as c a li d Anti eh th on an o t h e r E a r th o r an o
’

, ,

t h er hVor la fr o m ou rs ; an d ju fi ly “r ep u t e d fo
’

b e cau fe o f a n Im p o fl i b i li ty o f C o m m e rc e o r In
t er co u r i e b e t w ixt t h e ir r e fp e e
i i v e I n h a bit an ts
'

A n d t h is R e m ark b e i n g pr e m i s d w e w ill n o w
’

di fir i b u te th e C h r i fi i a n Au t h o rs an d F at h e rs th at ,

h av e de l i ve r d t h e ir Op i ni o n con c e r n i n g th e
’

Pl ac e o f ? a r a a ife i n t o t h r e e o r fo u r R an ks o r
’
, .

O rd e rs 5 a n d t h o t h e y e x pr e fs t h e m fe lv e s di ffe
’

r e n tl y yo u Will fe e w h e n du ly e x a m i n d a n d
’

, ,

e xp o u n d e d t h e y all co n fp i r e an d c o n c u r i n
T
,

th e fo r e m ent i d n d C o n c l u fion h a t t h e S e at
’ '

o f Pa r a di e w as i n t h e o t h e r He m i fp h e r
fi
‘

I N th e th i s R an k t h e n w e w ill pl a c e and
ir e ck o n th ofe t h at h a v e fe t 7 a r a a’z e i n a n o t h e r ’
f
e r ld o r i n an or h e r E a r th 5 fe e n g acc o r di n g
, i ,

t o t h e fo r e go i n g E xplic at i o n t h at is t h e fa m e ,

th i n g as to affir m it fe are d b e y o n d t h e T orri d

Z o n e i h th e o t h e r He m i fph e r e In t h is N u m
'

s
.

b e r ar e Ep h r em Syru s Mo/es B a r Cep h a T a ti a

‘
=
, ,

rem a n d o f l att er D at e a eohns a o Va lenti a T

’
7 o ,.
.

t h e fe ar e t o b e add e d ag a i n fu c h Au t h o r s as l ay ,

i t B o 0 K II . th at
354
-
Th Th eory of th
e e 15 11
-
Rr H
'
.

t h at fl a a m w h e n h e w as t u ru d o u t o f fi a r a dije
’
,
’
’
,

w as br o u g h t i n t o ou r E a r th o r i n t o o u r R e gi o n
,

o f th e E a rt h ; fo r t h is is t an t a m o u n t w it h th e

fo r m e r ; a n d t h is fe e m s to b e t h e S e n fe o f St y e .
:

r ome n ( ev e r a l P l ac e s a g i n ii j ot/ i nfant as a l fo

i a ,

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de r epahli ca Clemens Romanns , w h o m we

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w e r e b e y o n d th e O c e an t h e y fay th e fame , .

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t h o rs w e h a v e cit ed In Mofies B a r Ceph a abo v e .

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l aftly t h e r e ar e fo m e A u t h o rs , w h o i é Tefii mo
‘

n y an d A u t h o rity may d efe r ve to b e c o nfider d

’

n o t for t h e ir o w n A n tiq u i ty b ut b e c au fe t h ey ,

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s Ba r Ce h a o ft en e xp r ei fe th h i m fel f ;
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a ns , and
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WM
 The Th ory of e th e E AR TH .

n i ts i n Ca tena Wh ic h N o ti o n am o n g fi th e An:
.

c i e n ts c o n c e r n i n g t h e T
,
r ajefi i o n o r Pa ifag e o f

th e par adi fiac al R iv e rs u n d e r G r o u n d o r n u ,

d e r S ea fr o m o n e C o n ti n en t i n t o an o t h e r is to
, ,

m e I co n fe fs u n i n t e lligibl e e it h e r i n th e fir i t o r
’
, , ,

fe co n d E art h b u t h o w e v e r it di fc o v er s t h e ir
S e n fe an d O pi n i o n o f th e S ea
it w as n o t to b e fo u g h t fo r i n
w h e r e th o fe R iv e rs ri fe to u s ; b u t i n fo m e t e
m o t e r P arts o f th e Wo rld w h e r e t h e y fu ppo s d
’

t h e ir fir ft S o u rc e s to b e .

TH I s is a ih o r r A cc o u n t o f w h at th e C h ri fi i
a n F t h e r s h av e l e ft u s c o n c e r n i n g th e S e at
a

o f Pa ra di e ; a n d t h e T r u t h is tis u t a ib o rt
f
‘
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’

a n d b ro k e n a cc o u n t ; tis n o w o n d e r it
’

y e t
fh o u ld b e (0 i f w e c o n fider as w e n o t e d b e fo r e
, , ,

t hat fe v e r al o f t h e m did n o t b eli e v e Ta r a dife

t o b e l o c a l an d c o rp o r e a l 3 o t h e rs t h at did b e

l i e v e it fo y e t did n o t o ffe r to de t e r m i n e t h e
‘

Pl ac e o f i t b u t left th at Matt e r w h o lly u n to u e h d

’

a n d u n d e cid e d : a n d th e r e ii t h at did f e a k to
p
t h at P o i t did it c o m mo n ly b o t h i n g e n er a l
n ,

T r m s a n d n E p t e fl l o n s t h at w e r e di fg u i s d
e ,
i x
’

a n d n e e de d In te t pr e t ati o n ; b ut a l l th e fe D i ffe q

r e n e es an d O b fc u r i ti es o f E x pr e fl to n y o u fe e , ,

w h en d u ly h at e d a n d exp o u n d e d m ay fig n i fy ,

o n e an d th e fa m e T h i n g an d t er m i n at e a ll i n
,

t h is c o m m o n C o n c lu fio n T h a t Ta r a di e w as
,

w it h o u t o u r C o n ti n e n t a cc o rdi n g t o t h e g e n e
,

r al O pi n i o n a n d T r aditi o n o f An tiqu ity An d I

-
.

d o n o t d o u bt b u t th e Tr aditi o n w o u ld h av e b e en '

.b o t h m o re e pr e fs a n d m o r e u n i v er fal i f th e
x
'

Anci ents h ad u n der fl oo d Geo gr aph y bette r ; for

 5 60 The Theory of the E A R TH .

th e P artiti o n b e t w ixt t h is E a rt h a n d Tar a difl '

,

w h ic h t w o E ar th s h e m o r e t h an o n c e di fii n g u i lh
e th as v e ry di ff e r e n t fr o m o n e a n o t h e r Cont
( , ,

M a r.c l i.h z c
. z .c T .h e m o ii a n ci e n t A u t h o r
.

t h at I k n o w Up o n t h is S u bj e ct at l e aft o f th o fe ,
’

t h at w rit o f i t lit e r a lly is Moji s B a r Cep h a a Sj

,
’
v

r i a n Bi lli o p w h o l i v d a b o u t 7 0 0 Y e ars fin c e
’

, ,

a n d h i s B o o k is t r a n fl at e d i n t o L a ti n by t h at

l ear n e d and j u dici o u s Man A ndr ea s M /ins B a r a .

Cep h a w rit e s u p o n t h e fa m e Vi ew s o f P a r a di e
(

t h at w e h av e h e r e p r e fe n te d t h at it w as b e y o n d ,

t h e O c e an i n an o t h e r T
, r ac k o f L a n d o r an o t h e r ,

C o n ti n e n t fr o m t h at w h ic h w e i n h abit As ap :

p e ars fr o m th e v e ry Titl e s o f h is 8 th t o th an d , ,

t 4 rh C h apt e rs Bu t w e m u fi a ll o w h i m fo r h is
.

i n i i
t a k e n N o r i o n s a b o u t th e F o r m o f t h e E art h 5

fo r h e fe e m s to h av e fan ci e d th e E a rt h p la i n ( n 0t ,

o n ly a s o s d to r o u g h a n d m o u n ta i n o us fo r fo
’

pp o ,

it w as pl ai n ; b u t as o p po s d to fp h e r i cal) an d th e ’

O c e an t o h av e divi de d it i n tw o Parts an i n t e ri o r , ,

a n d an e x t er i or a n d i n th at e x t e ri o r P a r t w as Pa
‘
,

r a dijé . S u c h All o wa n c es m u ll o ft e n b e m ad e fo r
G eo gr ap h ic al Mi ftak es i n e x a m i n i n g an d u n de r
’
,

fi an d i n g th e Writi n gs o f t h e An ci e n ts Th e r efi .

o f th e S r i a n F a t h e r w e ll as E h r em a n d Ba r
y p
Ce h a i n cli n e to th e fa m e D o é tr i n e o f Tar a dife ’

p , ,

a n d fe e m t o h av e r e ta i n d m o r e o f t h e a nc i en t n o
’

ti o n s c o n c e rn i n g i t t11 an th e Gr eek and L a ti n F a

, , :

t h e r s h av e a n d y e t t h e r e is i n all fo m e F r a m e n ts
g
o f t h is D o fi r i n e a n d b u t Fr ag m e n ts i n th e b e ii
, .

W E m i g h t add i n th e l aii P l ac e t h at as th e ”

m e lt a n ci e n t Tr e ati fe s c o n c e r n i n g Ta r a dzfe ar e
l o ll fo al fo th e an ci e n t Glo s an d Cazen e-u p
,
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on
 the Pr i m E a r th, an d ? nm dz e f
’

Conce nin r g
‘
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361

on w e m ig zp
h t h a v e fo u n d th e
Tr adit i o n s an d O pi n i o n s o f th e A n ci en ts u po n
t h is S u b1e6t ar e m an y o f t h e m e 1 t h er l o ft o r u m
h d an d u po n t h 1 s C o n f1 de 1 at 1 o n w e di d
‘

b l l
’

p u i 3

n o t t hi n k it i m pr o p e r to cit e fo m e A u t h o rs o f

fmal l An tiq u ity , b u t fu ch as h av e tr an fc r i b d fe

’

v er a l Th i n g s ci en t Man u fc r i pt g lo ifes
o u t o f an

i n to t hei 1 C o m m e n tat i e s Th ey 11 1 m h o w e v e r
. . o

b efo re Pri n ti ng w as i n v en t e d o r L e arn i n g w e ll ,

r e fio r d a n d b e fo r e t h e R e fo r m ati o n
’

, I add t h at .

al fo hefer e the R efor ma ti on fo r fin c e th a t T

, im e
,

t h e Ero te fian t Au th o r s h avi n g le ffe n d th eA u th o

’
~

r i ty o f T r adit io n s th e p o n ti fical D ofi o r s c o n
,

t en t th e mfelv es to 1 n f Pr o n ly u p o n f uch as t h e y
t h o u g h t w e r e u fe fu l ot n ec eifar y l eft by m u lti
o ,

e r s t h a t w e r e b u t Matt e r o f C u r i o fi t
p ng
l y i o th y ,

t he y ih o u ld bri n g t h e firfi i n t o Qu efii o n an d

.
,

r e n de r th e w h o l e Do étr i n e o f T r aditi o n s m o r e
du bi o u s an d e xc epti o n abl e 3 an d u p o n t h is A c
Cou n t t h e r e ar e fo m e Au t h o rs t h at w rit a n Ag e
,

o r t w o b e fo r e th e R e fo r m a ti o n t h at h a v e w it h ,

m o r e Er ee do m t o l d u s th e Ten e ts an d Tr aditi o n s
o f th e An ci e n ts i n t h e fe Sp ec u l a ti o n s t h at ar e b u t ,

c o ll at e ra l to R e ligi o n t h an an y h av e do n e f n e e
,

A N D I m u fi c o n fe fs I am ap t to t h i n k t h at »

w h at r e m ai n s conc e r n i n g th e D o Ctr i n e o f TM
main a n d th e pri maev al E arth is i n a g o o d
, ,

Me a fii r e tt adi ti o n a l m ay o b fer v e ,
, fo r o ne

t h at t h o fe t h a t tr e at u p o n th e fe Su b jeéts, q u o t e
”

t h e tr u e O pi n i o n s, a n d t e ll y o u fo m e o f th e

mm
.

3
A nc i en ts h e ld fo an d (0 , as t h at 7 4 w as
i n ano t h e r E art h , o r h i g h e r t h an t h is E art h ;
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n or .
 T
h Th e eory o
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TH .

n o r an y R ai n , an d fu ch l ik e ; y et t h ey do n o r
n am e th o fe a n ci e n t Au t h o rs t h at h e ld th e fe O i
p
n i o n s ; w h ic h m ak e s m e a t to b eli ev e , e it h e r
p
t h at th e y wer e co n vey d by tr aditi o n al C o m mu
’

n i c ati o n fr o m o n e to a n o t h e r , o r t h at t h e r e w er e

o t h e r B o o ks e xt an t u p o n th o fe S u b je éts , o r 0
‘

t h e r G lo fies, t h an w h at ar e n o w k no w n
'

F1 N AL L , T Y
o c o n cl u d e t h is D i fc o u r fe c o n

c er n i n g th e S eat o f w e m u fi m i n d yo u
a g ai n u p o n w h at Bafis it fian ds We dec lar d
.
’

fr e e ly , t h at w e c o u ld n o r by o u r Th eo ry alo n e
d e t e r m i n e th e p artic u l ar P lac e o f it , o n ly by
t h at w e ar e affu r d, t h at it w as i n th e pr i m azv al
’

E art h , an d n o t i n th e pr e fe n t 5 b u t i n w h at R e
gi o n , o r i n w h e t h er Hem i fph er e o f t h at E art h
it w as fe ared, w e c an no t d efin e fr o m Sp e c u l a
ti o n o n ly Ti s tr u e, i f w e h o ld fafi to t h at
.
’

S cript u r e c o n c lu fio n , Th at a ll Man ki n d t o fe
-

fr o m o n e H e ad , a n d fr o m o n e an d th e fam e
St o ck a n d L i n e ag e (w h ic h clo t h n o t fe em to
,

b e a cc o rdi n g t o t h e S en ti m e n ts o f th e He a
t h e n s) w e m u tt f up po fe t h e y w e r e b o r n i n o n e
Hem i fph er e, an d aft e r fo m e Ti m e tr an flate d
i n t o th e o t h e r, o r a C o lo n y o f t h em : Bu t t h is
{l ill do t h n o t d e t e r m i n e i n w h e t h e r o f th e t wo
t h e y b eg u n , a n d w e r e fir lt fe at ed b efo r e t h e ir
’

I
Tr anfl at i o n ; a nd am apt to t h i n k t h at de ‘

p en d e d r at h e r , as w e n o re d b efo r e, u p o n th e
D ivi n e Ple a fu r e , an d th e Tr ai n o f Affairs t h at
w as to fu c cee d th a n u p o n n at u r al C au fes an d
,

Di ffe r e n c e s S o m e o f th e An ci en ts , I k n o w ,
.

m ad e b o t h th e S o il a n d th e St ars m o r e n o bl e
i n th e fo u th er n Hem i fph er e , t h an i n o u rs , b u t
3 do I
 The Th o j f th e E A h r H
'

3 64 e r o .

t u r e As th e Mo d er n Ar ti fis fro m fo m e br ok en
'

. ,
'

Pi e c e s o f an an ci e n t St at u e m ak e o u t all th e ,

O t h e r P arts an d Pr O po r t i o n s ; fo fr o m th e b r o v

k e n an d fc att er d L i mb s p f th e fir ft Wo rld w e
’

,
.

h av e fh ew n y o u h o w t o t ai fe th e w h o l e Pri
z
,

brick ag ai n a n d r en e w th e Pr o fp eé t o f th o fe ’

p le a fa n t Sc e n e s t h at fit fi faw th e L i h t an d fir fi
g ,

e nter tai n d Ma n wh e n h e c a me to aét upon

’

,
’

t h is n e w e r eéted St ag e -
.

W B h av e dr aw n t h is Th eo ry c h iefly to g i Ve
a n A cc o u n t o f th e u n i v e r fa l D e l u g e an d o f ,

fPa r a a zfe 5 bu t as w h e n o n e lig h ts a C an dlc to

'

l o o k fo r o n e o r tw o Th i n gs w h ic h t h ey w a n t ,

t h e L ig h t w i ll n o t co n fin e it fe lf t o th o fe tw o i

O bi eéts b u t fh ew s a ll th e o t h e r i n th e R o o m
,

fo m e t h i n ks w e h av e u ne x pe éte dl y c all a
, ,

L ig h t u p o n a ll An tiq u ity i n fee k i n g a ft e r ,

t h e fe t w o T h i n gs o r i n r e tri evi n g th e N o ti o n
,

an d D oC tr i n e o f th e pri m aev a l E art h u p o n ,

w h ic h t h e y d ep en d e d F o r 1 n a n ci en t L ear n
'

i n g t h er e ar e m an y D i fc o u r fe s a n d m an y C o n
, ,

c lu fi o n s de li v e r d to u s t h at a re (0 o b fc u r e an d
’

c o n fu s d an d fo r e m o t e fr o m th e pr e fen t St at e
’

of T h i n gs t h at o n e c an n o t w ell di fii n g u i fh
,

w h e t h e r t h e y a r e Fi tti o n s o r Re a liti es : A n d
t h er e is n o w ay to dilli n g u i fh w it h C e rt ai n ty ,

b u t by a cl ear Th e o ry u p o n th e fa m e S u b jeé ts
'
’

w h i ch fl1 e w i n g u s th e Tr u t h dir eéi l y a n d i h
d e p en d en tly u p o n t h e m {h e w s u s al fo by R e ,
~

fl ecfti o n h o w far t h e y ar e tr u e o r fal fe an d i n

, ,

w h at S e n fe t h e y ar e to b e i n t erpr e t e d an d u n
d er fl o o d An d th e pr e fen t Th eo ry be i n g o f
.

gr eat e xt en t we lh all fi n d it fer vi c eab le i n

,
‘

.
1 4 many
Concer ni ng the Tr i m E ar th
.
, and Tar adif e 365
.

many Th i ngs , fo r th e Illu fir ati o n o f fa c h d u bi

‘

ons a n d o b fe u r e D o étr i n es i n An tiq u ity .

To b egin w it h t h e i r a n ci en t C HA O S , ‘

wh at a d ark St o ry h av e t h e y mad e o f it , b o t h
t h e i r Ph i lo fo p h e r s an d P o ets , a n d h o w fa b u
s i A pp r an c e ? T d l d f f d
’

i i
’

l ou n e a s e v er as c o n u e

l y as th e Mafs it fe l f c o u ld b e , and h at h n o t
b e e n r e du c d to O rd er , n o r i n d e e d m ad e i n t el
’

l igibl e by a n y .
T h ey t e ll u s o f mor a l Pri n cipl e s
h e C h aos , i n fl e ad o f na tnr al , o f S tr fe a nd
i n t i
or d, an d fD i v i on o n t h e o n e H an d , a n d
fl j i c fi
F d h an d Venus on th e o t h e r ; an d,
L o v e , r i en
/ p ‘i ,

aft e r a l o n g C o nte l r, L o v e g o r t h e b e tt e r o f D i f

co rd , a n d u nit e d th e di fag r e e i n g Pri n cipl e s :

Th is is o n e P art o f th e i r St o ry Th e n t h e y m ak e.

t h e F o r mi n g o f th e Wo r l d o u t o f th e C h ao s a
_

k i n d o f Genea log y o r P e digr ee 5 Ch a os w as th e

c o m m o n P ar e n t o f all, an d fr o m C h ao s fpr u n g
fir fi N ig h t , a n d T a r t a r n s o , r Ocea nu s ; Nig h t

w as a t e e m i ng Mo t h e r a n d o f h er we r e b o r n
,

Q/ E t h e r a n d t h e E a r t h ; T h e E a rt h c o n c e i v d
’

b y th e Infl u en c es o f H i t h e r, an d b r o u g h t fo rth
’
-
,

Man and all An i m als

(

TH I s fe em s to b e a p o e tic al F i éti o n r at h e r ’

t ha n Ph i lo fop h y 5 y e t w h e n tis ( e r i n a tr ue
’

L ig h t , a n d c o mp ar d w it h o u r Th e o ry o f th e
’ '

C h ao s , t w ill ap pe ar a pr e tty r eg u l ar A cc o u n t ,
’

h o w the Wo rld w as fo r m d at firl r, o r h o w th e ’

'

C h aos divide d it fel t fu c ce ffiv e l y i n t o fe v er a l

R e gio n s , r i fi n g o n e aft e r an ot h e r , a n d p r o p a ~

g a t e d o n e fr o m a n o t h e r , a s C h ildr e n a n d P o :

We {h e w d
,

fier i ty fro m a c o m m o n P a r e n t
’ ’

i n ft h e fir lt B o o k , Ch ap 5 h o w th e C h ao s ,
’
. .

‘
1 fr o m
3 66 Th e Theory f E AR r H
o th e
'
.

fr o m an u n i fo r m Mafs w r o u gh t it fe lf i n t o
,

fev e r al R egi o ns o r El e m e n ts th e g ro ffefi P a rt

fin k i n g to th e C e n t e r 5 u p o n t h is lay th e Mafs
o f Wat e r a n d o v e r th e W at e r w a s a R e gi o n
,

o f d ark i m p u r e c aligi n o u s Ai r ; t h is i m p u r e
, ,

c aligi n o u s A i r is t h at w h ic h th e An ci en ts c al l
N ig h t an d th e Mafs o f Wat e r Ocea nus o r T
, ar

t a r a s ; fo r th o fe tw o T e r m s w it h t h e m a r e o f

t e n o f th e lik e F o rc e T a r ta r a s b e i n g Ocea n us
,

i n c lo s d a n d l o c k d u p : Th u s w e h av e th e fi r fi:
’ ’

O ffspri n g o f t h e C h ao s o r its fir ft b o r n Tw i n s
,
’
,

N ox an d Ocea nu s N o w t h is t u rbid Ai r p u ri
.

fyi n g it fe lf by d egr e e s as th e m o r e fu b tle ,

P arts fl ew u p w ards an d co mpo s d th e fEth e r ; fo

,
’

t h e e art h y Pa r ts t h at w e r e m i x d w it h it dr o d
’ ’

p
do w n u p o n th e S u r fac e o f th e Water o r th e li ,

q u id Ma fs an d t h at Mafs o n th e O t h er H an d fen d ~

i n g u p its lig h t e r an d mo r e o ily P arts t o w ards its

S u r fa ce th e fe t w o i n c o rp o r at e t h er e an d by t h e ir
, ,

Mixt u r e a n d U n i o n c o m po fe a B o dy o f E art h
q u it e r o u n d th e Mafs o f Wat e rs An d t h is w as
t h e fir fi h abit a bl e E art h wh ic h as it w as o fee
, y u, , ,

t h e D au g h t e r o f N on an d Ocea nu s (0 i t w as ,

t h e Mo t h e r o f a ll o t h e r T h i n gs an d all livi n g ,

C r e at u r es w h ic h at t h e B e gi n n i n g o f th e
,

Wo rld fpr u n g o u t o f its fr u it fu l Wo m b .

TH I S D o étr i n e o f th e C h ao s fo r th e gr ea ,

t e r P o m p o f t h e Bu fi n e fs th e An ci e n ts c all d
,

t h eir T h eog oni a o r th e G e n e al o gy o f th e G o ds

,

fo r th ey av e t h e ir G o ds at l eaft t h e1 r ter r e ftr i al

G
g ,

G o ds a n O rigi n al a n d B e gi n n i n g
,
a n d a ll th e

El e m e n ts an d gr eat e r P o rti o n s o f N at u r e t h e y
o
m ad e G o ds an d Go ddeffes o r t h eir D eiti es p r fi ,

gi
ec
36 8 Th e Theory of th e E A R T H .

tat i o n o f t h e ir m yfl i cal Ph i lo fo ph y o f th e C h ao s ;

a n d t h e R e fo l u t i o n o f it i n t o pl a i n n a t u r a l Hi

fl o ry Wh ic h yo u m ay fe e m o r e fu lly di fc u fs d
’

i n th e L a ti n Tr e ati fe L i h z c 7
‘

. . .
, .

I N c o n fe q u e n c e o f t h is , w e h av e alr e a dy e x
l ai n d, i n fe v e r al Pl ac e s , th e G olden f
n
’

p o

t h e A n ci e n ts , an d l a id d o w n fu ch G r o u n ds a s

w ill en a bl e u s to d i fc e r n w h at is r e al , a n d
w h at p o etic a l , i n th e R e p o rts a n d C h ar afi e r s
t h at A n tiq u ity h at h giv e n o f th o fe fir li A g e s o f
th e Wo rld . A n d i f t h e r e b e a n y Th i n g a
m o n g li th e An ci e n ts t h at r e fe rs to a n o t h e r
T
E art h , as la to s fl tla nti s , w h ic h , h e fay s, w as
’

a b fo r p t by an E art h q u ak e , and an I n u n d ati o n,

a s th e pri m a e Eart h w as ; o r h i s Q/ E th er ea l
T
E art h , m en ti o n d i n h i s h a do, w h ich h e o p
’

feth to t h is b r o k e n h o ll o w E ar t h m ak e s i t
p o

t o h av e l o n g li v d I n h a bit an ts , an d to b e w it h
’
-

o u t R ai n s an d St o r m s , a s t h at fir ft E art h w as
’

a l fo ; o r th e pe n d u l o u s G a r de n s o f Alci nou s o r ,

fu c h l ik e to w h ic h n o t h i n g an fw e r s i n p r e fe n t
N at u r e, b y r efl e éti n g u po n th e St ate of t h e
’

h ri c E art h , w e fin d a n e afy Explic ati o n o f t h e m

‘
.

W e h av e a l fo e x l a i n d w h a t th e A n ti ch th on
p
’

a n d An ti ch th ones o f t h e An ci e n t s w e r e , an d
'

w h at th e tr u e G r o u n d o f t ha t D i fti né ti o n w as
’ ’

Bu t n o t h i n g fee m s m o r e r e m ark a bl e , t h a n the

T
Inh a hi ta hi li tj of th e or r i d Z one i f w e c o n fi d e r
,

w h at a g en e r a l F a m e a n d B e li e f it h ad a mo ng fi
t h e A n ci e n ts , a n d y e t i n t h e pr e fe n t F o rm o f

th e E a rt h , w e fin d n o fa c h T hi n g , n o r a n y
F o u n d ati o n fo r i t
‘

. I
c an n o t be li e v e t h at t h is
w as fo u n i ver fally r ec e i v d u p o n a flig h t Pr e
’

f um pti o n
Concer ni ng the Tr i na E a r th , a nd Ta ra dfi 3 69
fu m ptio n o n ly , b e c au fe 1 t l ay u n d e r th e C o u r fe
O f th e S u n , i f th e S u n h ad t h e n t h e fa m e L ati

tu de fr o m th e E q u at o r, i n h i s C o u r fe a n d MO
-
\ ,

ti o n , t h at h e h at h n o w , a n d m ad e th e fam e V a
r i e ty o f S e a fo n s ; w h e r e b y e v e n t h e h o t te fl Pa r ts

O f th e E a rt h h av e a Wi n t e r , o r fo m e th i n g

e q u iv a l e n t to it Bu t i f w e ap ly t h is t o th e pri
p
.
_

m ae v a l E art h , w h o fe Po fl u r e w a s di r eét to t h e
S u n , {l an di n g a l w ays fixt i n i ts Eq u i n o a i al, w e
fh al l e afi ly b e li e v e , t h at th e To r r id Z o n e w as
,

t h en u n i n h abit abl e by Extr em ity o f He at, t h e r e

b ei n g n o Di ffe r e n c e O f Se afo n s, n or an y C h a ng e
O f Weat h e r , t h e S u n h an gi n g a l w ays o v e r H ea d

a t t h e fam e D i fi an c e , a n d i n th e fa m e D i r e éti o n .
‘

Befides t h is , th e Defc e n t O f th e R iv e rs i n t h at
fir fi E art h w as fu c h , t h at t h e y c o u ld n e v e r r eac h
t h e Eq u i n o fti a l Dar ts , as w e h av e fh e w n b e fo r e ;
by wh ic h Me a n s , an d th e w an t o f R ai n , th at
R egi o n m u ft n e cefiar i ly b e t u r u d i n t o a dr y
’ ’

D e far t . No w t h is b e i n g r e ally th e S t at e o f
t h e fir fi E art h , t h e F am e a n d g e n er a l B e l i e f
t h at th e T o rrid Z o n e w as u ni n h a bit a bl e h ad

t h is tr u e O rig i n a l an d c o n ti n u e d h ill w ith P0

,

fte r i ty a ft e r t h e D el u g e , t h o u g h t h e C a u fes t h e n
’

w e r e t ak e n a w ay fo r t h ey be i n g ig n o ra n t o f
t h e C h an g e t h a t w as m a d e i n N at u r e a t t h at

Ti me , k ept u p h ill th e fam e Tr aditi o n a n d

O pi n i o n c u rr e n t , till O b fer v ati o n an d E x pe r i
'

e n c e t au g h t l at e r Ag e s t o c o r r e ét it . As th e
tru e Mir a cl e s th at w e r e i n th e C hr i fti an C h u rc h
’

at fir ft, o c cafi o n e d a F a m e an d B e li e f O f t h e i r
’
'

C o n ti n u an c e lo n g aft er t h e y h ad r eally c e as d
’

BOO K II . TH I S
3 70 The Theory of th e B A R TH .

THI S gi ves an eafy Acc o u n t an d I th i n k th e , , ,

tr u e G au fe O f t h at O pi n i o n am o n g fl th e An ci
e n ts g e n e r ally r e c e i v d T h a t th e T
,

or r i d Z one
’

w a s nni nh a hi ta hle I fay g e n e r ally r e c ei v d fo r

’

.
,

n o t o n ly th e P o ets b o t h Gr eek an d L ati n b u t

, ,

t h e ir Ph i lo fo ph er s Afi r o n o m er s an d G eo g r a
,

h ad th e fam e N o ti o n an d de li ver d t h e
’

p e rs h, ,

fa m e D o é tr i n e ; as Ar ifl otle Cleomedes z i chi lles

’
, , ,

Ta ti as Ttolomj Ci cer o Str a ho Mela Tli nj

, , , , , ,

Ma cr ohi a s é c An d to fpe ak Tr u t h th e w h o le
,
r
.
,

D o é tr i n e o f th e Z o n e s is c alc u lat e d m o r e pr o p e r
’

l y fo r t h e fir fi E art h t h an fo r th e pr e fen t fo r th e
,

D i v i fi o n s an d Bo u n ds o f t h e m n o w ar e b u t arbi
tr ar y b e i n g h a bit a bl e al l O v e r an d h avi n g n o
, , ‘

i i o n ; w h er e as t h e y w e r e t h en d e
v i li b l e D i fi i n C ~

t e r m i n d by Nat u r e a n d th e G l o b e o f th e E art h
’

w as r e a lly d ivid e d i n t o fo m an y R e gi o n s o f a v e
r y di f f e r e n t A fp eeTa n d Qi al i ty w h ic h w o u ld
h av e app e ar d at a D i ftan c e i f t h ey h ad b e e n
’

l o o k d u p o n fr o m th e C l o u ds o r fro m th e
’

Mo o n as y npi ter s B e lts o r as fo m an y G ird les

,
’

or S wath i n g b an ds ab o u t th e B o dy o f th e
-

E art h An d fo th e Wo rd i m p o rts a n d (O th e ,

A n ci e n ts u fe to c al l t h em Gi ng i l li a n d Enfei a '
.

Bu t i n t h e p r efen t F o r m Of th e E art h i f i t ,

w as fe e n at a D ifian c e , n o fu ch D i fii n éti o n
‘

w o u ld app e ar i n th e P a rts O f it , n o r fc ar ce any

o t h e r b u t t h at o f L an d an d

Mo u n t ai n s
l a t e r an d o f

V alle ys wh h are n o h n to
an d
,

, ic
“ t i g
t h e p u r p o fe o f Z o n e s A n d to add th is N o t e .

fu rt h e r Wh e n t h e E art h l ay i n t h is r eg u l ar
,

F o rm divid e d i n t o R e gi o n s o r Walks i f I
, ,

m ay [0 c all t h em as t h i s g av e O ecafi o n o f its

,

D ifi infti on
 Th e Th eory of th E A R r H
'

e
'
'
.

t h is m ak es th e di ffer en t Afp eét o f th e H eav e n s

a n d o f its P o l e s i A n d I a m ap t to t h i n k t h at ,

t h o fe C h an g e s i n t h e C o u r fe O f th e St ars w h ic h
-
,

th e An ci en ts fo m e t i m e s fp eak O f a n d e fp e c i al ,

l y th e Eg yp ti a ns i f t h e y did n o t pr o c e ed fr o m
,

D e fe é ts 1 n t h e ir C ale n d ar h ad n o Ot h e r p h yfi
’
,

c a l A cc o u n t t h a n t h is .

A N D as t h e y fay th e P o l e s O f th e Wo r l d w e r e
i n an o th er Sit u ati o n at fir li fO at fir li t h e y fay , ,

t h er e w as n o V ari ety o f S e afo n s i n th e Y e ar as ,

i n t h e ir Go ld en Ag e Wh ic h is v ery c o h er en t
.

w it h a ll th e r ed a n d [fi l l r u n s a l o n g w it h th e
,

Th e o ry An d y o u m ay o b fe rv e t h at all th e fe
. ,

Th i n gs we h av e i n fian c d i n h it h e rt o ar e b u t
.
’

L i n ks O f th e fam e C h ai n i n C o n n e xi on an d ,

D ep en d an c e u p o n o n e an o t h er Wh en th e pri .

m azv a l E art h w as m ad e o u t O f th e C h ao s i ts ,

F o r m an d Po li u r e w as fu ch as O f C o u r fe ,“
‘

bro u g h t o n all th o fe Sc e n e s wh ic h An tiq u ity

h at h k ept th e R e m em br an c e o f ; th o n o w i n ah
’

O t h e r St a t e o f N at u r e t h e y fe e m v e ry fi r ang e ;

e fp ec i ally b e i n g di fg u i s d as fo m e o f t h em ar e
’

, ,

by t h e ir o f r e p r e fen ti n g th em
Th at th e P o l es of th e Wo rld fl o o d o n c e i n an o
,

t h er P o ll u t e; Th at th e Y e ar h ad n o D i v er fity '

O f S ea fo n s : T h at th e To rrid Z o ne was u n i n v

h abit a b le ; Th at th e t w o He m i fp h er e s h a d n o
‘

ll i b i li ty O f I n t e rc o m fe a n d fii ch l ik e : T h e fe
p o ,

a ll h an g u p o n th e fam e S tr i n o l e an o n e
gq r

U p o n a n o t h e r as St o n e s i n th e fam e B u ildi n g

wh e r eo f we h ave by t h is Tl1 eo r y l aid th e v e

, ,
.

r y F o u n d ati o n h at e ,t h at yo u m ay fee w h at
t h e y all {lan d u p o n and i n w h at Qn
, der
THE R E
Concer ni ng the Tr i m E ar th , a nd Ta r adifie
. .
; 7

THE R E is fii ll o n e r em ark abl e N o ti o n o r

D o éi r i n e am on g lt th e A n ci e n ts w h ic h w e h av e
n o t f o k e n to ;
p
’

tis p artly fym b o li c al, an d th e .

Pr o pri e ty o f th e Sy m b o l , o r o f th e App lic ati o n

o f it , h at h b e en littl e u n d e r fl o o d tis t h eir D o
’

fi r i n e o f th e Munda ne Eg g , o r t h e ir c o m p ari n g
th e Wo rld to an Egg , a n d e fp e c i all y i n th e o r i
i l C m fit i n O f it T h is fe e m s to b e a m e an
g n a o p o o .

C o m p ar i fo n , th e Wo r ld an d an Egg ; w h at Pr o
p o rti o n, or wh at Re fe m b lan c e b e t w ixt th e fe tw o
Th i n gs ? A n d y e t I do n o t k n o w an y fym b o li c al
D o Ctr i n e, o r C o n c l u li o n , t h at h at h b e e n fo u n i
v ar fa lly e n te r tai n d by th e [fl l i e , o r w i fe a n d
y/
’
.

l e ar n e d O f al l N ati o n s ; as h at h b e e n n o t e d b e
fo r e i h th e fift h C h apt e r o f th e fir li B o o k , an d at
l a rg e i n th e L a ti n Tr eati fe ( L i h z c 1 o ) Ti s
’

. . . . .

c e rt ai n , t h at by th e Wo rld i n th i s S i m i li tu de ,
t h e y do n o t m e an th e Gr eat U n i v er fe, fo r t h at
h at h n e it h e r Fig u r e , n o r a n y d e t e r m i n at e F o r m
O f C o m o li ti o n , an d it w o u ld b e a gr e at V a
p
n i ty an d R a lh n e fs i n a n y o ne to c o m p a r e t h is to

a n Egg Th e Wo rks O f Go d ar e i m m e n fe , as
h i s N at u r e is i n fin it e , an d w e c an n o t m ak e an y
I m ag e o r R e fe m b la n c e o f e it h e r O f t h em ; b u t
.

t h is C o m par i fo n is to b e u n d e rfl o o d O f th e
Su blu na ry hVor ld, o r O f th e E a r th : A n d fo r a
g en e r al K e y to An tiq u ity u p o n t h is Arg u m e n t ,
w e m ay l ay t h is do w n as a Ma xi m o r C a n o n ,
Th at w h a t the Anci ents h a v e fa i d concer ni ng
th e F or m and F ig u r e of th e ” f or ld, or concer ni n
g
t he Or i i na l of i t r om a Cha os , or a hou t i ts
g ‘ f
ri ads a n d D ifiolu ti on, a r e nev er to he u nderfl ood
q f t h e
g r e a t U n i v e r
fi »
, h ut f
o o ur E a r th , of af t h i s

[ uhln ~
3 74 Th e T
h eory of th e E A R1 . 1 HI
uhluna y a nd ter r e r i al hVor ld An d t h is O b fer :
f r /i .

v ati o n b ei n g m ad e do b u t r efl eét u p o n o u r Th e
,

o r y o f th e E art h th e Man n e r o f i ts C o m q fiti o n

, p
at fir l t a n d th e Fi u r e o f it b e i n g c o m pl e at e d
’
g
, , ,
:

a n d y o u w ill n e e d n o o t h e r I n t e rpr e t e r to u n d e r

l an d t h is Myl te 1 y W e h ave fh e w d t h e r e (
’
B ook
’
i .
_ ,

1 c 5. .t h at th e Fig u r e o f i t w h e n fin i lh d w as ’

O v al a n d th e i n w ard F o r m o f i t w as a Fr a m e o f
’

fo u r Re gi o n s e n c o m p a lli n g o n e a n o t h e r w h er e
, ,

t h at O f Fir e l ay i n th e Middl e lik e th e Y o lk and ,

.

a S h el l o f E a rt h i n c l o s d t h e m a l l Th is giv e s a
’

S o l u ti o n fo e a ly a n d n at u r al a n d lh e w s fu ch ,

a n A tn e fs a n d El e g an cy 1 11 th e R e r e fe n tati o n
"

p p ,

t h at o n e c an n o t d o u bt u p o n a Vi e w a n d C o m
ar e o f C i r c u m ftan c e s b u t t h at w e h av e tr u ly
‘

p ,

fo u n d o u t th e R iddl e o f th e Mu n d an e Egg .

A M ON G ST o t h e r Di ffic u lti e s s ti li n g fr o m th e -

F o r m o f t h is p r e fe n t E art h t h at is o n e Ho w , ,
,

Amer i ca c o u ld b e p e o pl ed o r an y O t h e r C o n ,

t i n e n t o r I ila n d r e m o t e fr o m a ll C o n ti n e n ts
,

t h e S e a i n te r p o i i n
g T h is Di f fi c u lty d o e s n o t
.

h o ld i n o u r Th e o ry o f t h e fir lt E art h w h e r e ‘
,

t h er e w as n o S e a A n d aft e r th e Fl o o d w h en
.
‘

th e E a rt h w as b r o k e n an d t h e Se a l a id o p e n ,

t h e fa m e R a c e o f Me n m ig h t E o n ti n ti e t h e r e ;
’

i f fe ttl e d t h e r e b e fo r e F o r I do n o t fe e a n y
‘

N e c e ll i ty o f de d u ci n g a ll Ma n k i n d fr o m Noah i

a fte r t h e Fl o o d If A mer i ca w a s p e o pl e d b e
.

fo r e i r m ig h t c o n ti n u e fo ; n o t b u t th at th e
’

Fl o o d w as u n iv e r fal Bu t w h e n th e gr e at .
.

F a m e o f t h e E art h br o k e at th e D el u g e Pr O
r
,

v rd e n c e fo r e faw i n t o h o w m a n y C o n ti n e n ts 1 t s

wo u ld b e di vi de d after th e ce afin g o f th e
F lo o d
 Th e Theo y of th e E AR
’

3 76 r 1 H .

A mer i ca w it h
, m y H e art ; b u t a ll th e Ways
a ll

t h at I h av e m e t w it h h it h e rt o , h av e fee m d to ’

m e m e r e Fi fi i o n s , o r m e r e Pr e fu m pti o n s Be .

fides , fin di n g Birds a n d B e all s t h e r e , w h ic h ar e

no w h er ep o n o u r C o n ti n e n t n o r w o u ld liv e
u ,

i n o u r C o u n tri e s i f br o u g h t h it h e r tis a fair ’

C o n je Ctur e t h at t h e y w e r e n o t c arri e d fr o m u s ,

b u t O rigi n ally br e d a nd p r e fer v d t h e r e

’

THU 5 m u c h fo r th e Illu li r ati o n O f An ti q u it y

'

i n fo m e Po m ts o f h u m an L i te r atu r e , b y O u r Th e
o r y o f t h e p r i m azv a l E ar th ; t h e r e is a l fo i n Ch r i

[ ti a n A n ti q y
u i t aT r adi t i o n o r D o cT r i n e, t h at a
p
p e ars as O b fcu r e an d as m u c h a P ar ad o x as a n y O f
t h e fe , an d b ett e r d e fe r v e s an Il lu ftr ati o n , b e c au fe
’

it r elat es m o r e c lo fely an d ex pr e fl y to o u r pr e fe nt
S u b je éi : Ti s t h at N o ti o n o r O pi n i o n am o n g lt
’ ‘ '

t h e An ci e n ts c o n c e r n i n g T
a r a di é , t h at it w as
f
fe are d a s h ig h as th e Sp h e r e o f th e Mo o n , o r
w i th i n th e lu na r Ci r cle Th is l o o ks ve ry fi r an g e ,
.

a n d i n d e e d e xtr av ag an t ly at fir ll Sig h t b u t th e
Wo n d e r w ill c e afe, i f w e u n derfi an d t h is n o t
of T a r a di e tak e n ap art fr o m th e t ell o f th e
f
w
E art h , b u t o f th e h o l e pri m aev al E art h , w h e r e
i n th e Se at o f T
a r a di
fi w as T h at w as r e al ly

feare d m u c h h ig h e r t h an t h e p r e fe n t E art h , an d
m ay b e r e afo n ab ly f upp o s d to h av e b ee n as mu c h
’

e le v at e d as th e T o ps o f o u r Mo u n t a i n s ar e n o w
’

A n d t h at Ph r afe o f r e ac h i n g to th e Sp h er e of the
Moon, f g n 1fies n o m o re t h an t h ofe o t h e r Ex
p r e f fio n s o f r ea ch i n
g to H e a v en; o r r ea ch i n
g
a hov e th e C ou ds , w h ic h a r e Ph r afe s c o m m o n
l
ly u s d to e xp re fs th e H e ig h t o f B u ildi n gs , o r
’

o f Mo u n t ai n s , an d fu ch l ik e T h i n gs : So th e
'

B u i ld ers
Concer ni ng th e Tr i m E ar th , and Ta r adi
fi 3 77
:

. .

B u i ld ers o f B ahel faid t h ey w o u ld m ak e a ,

To wer fh o u ld r e ac h to H e av e n Oly mp us a nd
Ta r nafius ar e f aid by t he P o ets to r eac h to
H eav en o r to ri fe ab o v e th e C l o u ds ; a n d
,

Tli ny a n d Sali nus u fe t h is v ery Ex pr e f fio n O f th e

L una r Ci r cle w h en t h ey de fcr i b e th e H e ig h t
,

o f Mo u n t A tlas E du ttu s i n v i ci ni am L una r i s

'

Ci r cu li ( So/i n c
,
Th e A n ci e n ts I b e
.
,

l i ev e a i m d p artic u l ar ly by t h i s Ph r a fe to ex
’

, ,

r e fs a n H e ig h t a b o v e th e m iddl e R e gi o n
p o r ,

a b o v e o u r Atm o fph er e t h at Ta r a dife m igh t ,

b e fe r en c a n d w h e r e o u t Atm o fp h e r e e n d ed ,

t h e y r eck o n d th e Sp h er e o f th e Mo o n b eg un
’

a n d t h e r e fo r e fa id it r e ac h d to th e Sp h e r e o f th e
’

Mo o n Man y o f th e C h r i fri an F at h e rs e x
.
’

p r ef t
’
t h e ir O pi n i o n c o n c er n i n g th e h ig h Sit u

a ti o n o f T a r a dife i n pl ai n a n d fo r m al T er ms
'

as St B a l D a ma cen Mo s B a r Ce h u (
fi f fi
‘
.
, p 7 c , , .

b u t t h is Ph r afe o f r e ac h i n g to th e L u na r Ci r
cle is r e p e at e d by fe v eral o f t h e m an d faid to ,

b e O f gr ea t A n tiq u ity A qu i na s A lher tus .

, ,

a n d O t h ers a fc r i b e it t o B ede
,
b u t m an y to ,

St Au/i i n an d t h e r efo r e A mhr ofi us Ca th a r i na s

.
,

( C o m i n G
. e n c z
) is a n gry . w it h
. t h e ir gr eat
.

Sc h o o l m an t h at h e fh o u ld d eriv e it fro m
,

B ede fee i n g St Auji i n w ri ti n g to Or ofius de

, .
,

l i v er d t h is D o ti r i n e w h ic h fa t e ly fays h e
’

, , ,

S t Act/ti n nei th er fezg n d nor dr ea m d onlr hut

’ ’

.
,

h a d r ecei v d i t fr om A nti qui ty An d fr o m fo

’

g r e at A n tiq u ity ; t h at it w as n o l e fs t h an A o
p
fto l i c al i f w e cr edit A lher tu s Mag nu s
’
an d

Sum T
, ,

t h e a n ci e n t B o o ks h e app e a ls to ; ( h eol . .

M li fo r h e fa s t h is Tr a
p ar 2 a 1 3
q y
‘
. . . . .

diti o n
378 . T
he Th eo y of rEAR TH th e .

diti o n w as der i v d as h i g h as fro m St T

’

h oma s .

t h e A p o fi le His Wo rds ar e th e fe aft e r h e had

.
,

d e li v e r d h i s o w n O pi n i o n Hoc ta men di co St e
’

, , .

B u t th i s I far w i th ou t Tr ey udi ce to the hotter

’

Op i ni on, f or I h a v e f ound i t i n [orne rnojt a n

ci en t B ook s th a t Th o m as th e A e/tle w a s th e
,
p
A u th or of th a t Op i ni on w h i ch i s ufna i i] a t
,

tr i bu ted to B e d e a nd S tr ab us , Th a t Pa
r ad i fe w a s
[ g
0 h i h a s to r ea ch to th e L u na r Ci r

cle .Bu t t h u s m u c h c o n c e r n i n g t h is O pi n i o n ,
a n d c o n c er n i n g A n tiq u ity .

To c o n cl u d e all w e fe e t h is Th e o ry , wh ic h
'

w as dr a w n o n ly by a Th r e ad o f R e a fo n , an d
t h e L aw s o f N at u r e , a b l tr aé te dly fr o m a ll A h
’ ’

t i q u i ty, n o t w i thfian di n g c aits a L ig h t u p o n m an y

Pafiag es t h e r e , w h ic h w e r e o th er w i fe a cc o u n t e d
Pi éti o n s , o r u n i n t el ligibl e Tr u t h s 5 a n d th o w e
’

d o n o t a ll e dg e th e fe as Pr o o fs o f the T h eo ry ,
fo r it c arri e s its o wn L ig h t an d Pr o o f w it h
i t ; y e t, w h et h er w e w il l o r n o , t h e y do m a
t u a ll y c o n fir m , as w e l l as ill u ltr ate o n e a n o t h e r
’

a n d tis a Pl e a fur e a l fo , w h e n o n e h at h w r o ug h t
'

o ut T r u t h by a m ee r Di n t o f t h i n ki n g , an d
E x am i n ati o n o f C au fes, an d pr o po s d it pl ain ’

l y a n d o p en ly , t o m e e t w it h it ag a i n a m o n g
t h e A n ci e n ts , d i fg u i s d, a n d i n an o ld faih i o n d
’ ‘ ’

D r e fs ; fc ar c e t o b e k n o wn o r di fc o v e r d, b u t
’

by th o fe t h at b efo re h an d k n e w it v e ry w e ll . .

An d it w o u ld b e a fu rt h e r Pl e a f ure an d Sati s
,

faét i o n to h av e r c n der d th o fe Doé tr i n es a n d N o

‘ ’
’

t i o n s fo r th e fu t u r e , i n t e lligib le an d u fe fu l to o
th e r s , as w e l l as d e lig h t fu l to o u r fel v e s .
.

C HA P .
3 80 he T
T h eory of th e EAR '
r 11 .

Wo r ld as is h ere r epre fen ted , r em ark ab ly

an d (
0

di ffe r e n t fro m th e pr e fent i t c o u ld n o t h av e b ee n

,

fo u tt e rly fo rg o tt en o r l ai n h i d fo r fo m an y A
,

g e s ; a l l A n tiq u ity w o u ld h a v e r u n g o f it ; t h e

Me m o ry o f it w o u ld h av e b e e n k ept fr e lh by
B o o ks o r Tr aditi o n s C an w e i m agi ne t h at it
.

fh o u ld l i e b u ri e d fo r fo m e th o u fa n ds o f Y ear s i n
de e p Sil en c e an d O blivi o n ? An d n o w o n ly
w h e n th e fe c o n d Wo rld is dr aw i n g to an En d ,

w e b egi n to di fco v e r t h at t h e r e w as a fir fi a n d .

t h at o f a no t h e r Mak e and O rd e r fr o m t h is .

To fati s fy t h is O b jeéi i o n o r S u r m i fe r ath er

, ,

i t w il l b e c o n v e n i e n t to t a k e a g o o d l arg e
S c o p e an d C o m pafs i n o u r D ifco u r fe ; w e m u ft
n o t fu ppo fe t h at t h is pri m itiv e Wo rld h at h
b ee n w h o l ly lo fi o u t o f th e Me m o ry o f Mhn ,

o r o u t o f Hi li o r y fo r w e h av e fo m e Hi fto r y
’
,

a n d C h r o n o lo gy o f it p r e fer v d b y Mo es
f an d
'
’

l i k e w i fe i n th e Mo n u m en ts o f t h e An ci e n ts ,

m o r e o r l e fs fo r t h e y al l fu ppo s d a Wo r ld
’ '

b efo r e th e D e l u g e But tis th e Ph i lo fo ph y o f

.
’

t h is pri m itiv e Wo rld t h at h at h b een l o ll i n a

r a t Mea fu r e w h t t h St t f N t u r e w as
g e a e a e o a

t h en an d w h er e i n it drife r d fr o m th e p r e fen t
,
’ ’
.

o r p o fi di l u v i an o rd e r o f T h i n gs Th is I c o n fe fs
.
, ,

h at h b een littl e t ak e n n o tic e o f it h at h b ee n :

g e n e r ally t h o u gh t or pr e fu m d th at th e Wo rld
’

b e fo r e th e F lo o d w as of th e fam e F o r m an d
Co n fii tu ti o n w it h t h e p r efe n t Wo r ld : Th is
w e d o n o t d e n y b ut r at h e r t h i n k it defi g n d
’
‘

a n dl p r o v i de n ti al t h at t h e r e fh o u ld n o t r e m ai n
,

a cl e ar a n d fu ll K n o w l e d e o f t h at fir fi St at e o f
g
Th i ng s ; an d we m ay eafily fu ppo fe h o w it
mig h t
Concer ni ng
“
th e Pr i nt E a r th
.
,
a nd Tar adife 3 sr
.
'

m ig h t d ec ay a n d p e r i lh , i f w e c o n fider h o w littl e
o f t h e r e m o t e A n tiq u iti e s o f th e Wo rld h av e e

v e r b e e n br o u g h t d o w n t o o u r K n o w l e dg e
. .

TH E Gr eek s an d R oma ns divid e d th e Ag es o f

th e Wo rld i n t o t h r e e P e ri o ds or I n t e rv als ,
w he r eo f t h e y c a ll d th e fir ft th e Ohji u r e P e ri o d ,
’
’

th e fe c o n d t h e F a hu lou s an d th e t h ird H i ari

,
j
ca l . Th e d ark an d o b fc u r e P e ri o d w as fro m
t h e Be gi n n i n g o f th e Wo rld to t h e D e l u g e
w h a t p afs d t h en , e it h e r i n N at u r e , o r a m o n g lt
’

Men , t h e y h av e n o R e c o rds , n o A cc o u n t , by
t h eir o wn C o n fe ffio n all t h at Sp ac e o f Ti m e
w as c o v e r d w it h D ar k n e fs an d O blivi o n , (0
’

t h at w e o u g h t r at he r to w o n d e r at th o fe Re
m ai n s t h e y h ave , an d th o fe br o k en N o ti o n s o f
t h e G o ld e n Ag e , a n d th e C o n diti o n s o f it ,
h o w t h e y w e r e fav d o u t o f t h e c o m m o n S h i p
’

w r ack , t h an to e xp eét fr o m t h e m th e Ph i lo fo
p yh o f t h at W o rld , a n d all its Di ffe r en c e s fr o m

t h e r efe n t An d as o r th e o t h e r N ati o n s t h at
p .
f
pr e t e n d to gr e at e r An tiq u iti e s , to m o r e ah _

ci en t Hi fio r y a nd C h ro n o lo gy , fr o m w h at is .

l e ft o f t h e ir Mo n u m en ts , m an y w ill a ll o w o n
l y t h i s Di ffe r e n c e , t h at t h e ir fab u l o u s Ag e b e
g u n m o r e h ig h , o r t h at t h e y h ad m o r e a n ci e n t

F abl e s.

B U T b efides t h at o u r Exp eétati o n s c an n o t b e

’

gr e at fr o m th e L e arn i ng o f th e
h av e n o t th e Mean s o r O pp o rt u n ity to i n fo r m
o u r fe lv e s w e ll w h at N o ti o n s t h e y did l e av e u s

c o n c e r n i ng th e pri m itiv e Wo rld fo r t h eir

) ,

B o o ks an d Mo n u m en ts ar e g e n er a lly 16a o r ,

l i e hi d u n k no wn to u s Th e L ear ni ng o f th e
.

2 . Wo rld
 38 3 T
h The
e
f or
y o th e EA R TH .

Wo rld m ay b e divid e d i n t o th e E afier n L ear n i n g

a n d th e We fie r n 5 a n d I l o o k u p o n t h e E afie r n as
'

far m o r e c o n fi der ab le fo r p h i lo fo ph i cal An tiq u i

ti es a n d ph i lo fo ph i cal C o n c lu fio n s ; I fay Con
,

cln /i o ns fo
, r I d o n o t b e l i e v e e it h e r o f t h e m h a d
a n y co n fi de r a b l e T h eo r y o r C o n t ext u r e o f Pri n
,

c i les a n d C o n c lu fio n s t o g e t h e r B tis c e rt ai n
’

p u t
t h at i n th e Bali fro m w h at S o u rc e fo ev er it c am e
, ,

h u m an e o r divi n e t h ey h ad fo m e ex tr ao rdi n ar y
,

D oéi r i n e s a n d N o ti o n s di fp etft a m o n g fi t h e m ’
'

No w a s by th e w efier n L e arn i n g We u n d erh and

’

t h at o f th e Gr eeks an d R oma ns ; (0 by th e e aii er n

t h at w h ic h w as am o n g ft t h e Eg yp ti a ns Th re ,

n i ci a n s Ch a lda a ns A r i a ns Indi a ns E h
,
fi , , t i o,

a n d P er f a ns a n d o f th e L ear n i n g o f
‘
p i a ns ,

t h e fe N ati o n s h o w litt le h av e w e n o w l e ft 9
,

Exc ept fo m e Fr ag m e n ts an d C it ati o n s i n Gr eek

Au t h o rs w h at do w e k n o w o f t h e m ? Th e
,

m o d e r n B r a chma ns an d th e Terfees o r Tag a n, ,

Terfia ns h av e fo m e br o k en R em ai n s o f Tr a
,
’

d i r i o n s r e l ati n g to t h e O rigi n an d C h an g e s o f
t h e Wo rld : Bu t i f w e h ad n o t o n l y t hofe

B o o ks e n tir e w h e r e o f w e h av e n o w th e G le an é
,

i n gs a n d R ev er fio n s o n ly ; b u t all t h at h ave
p e r i ih d b efide s
’

e fp e c
, i a l l y i n t h a t f am o u s I i 3 i
-

br at y a t A lex a ndr i a 5 i f th e fe I fay w er e ai l , ,

r e fl o r d to th e Wo rld ag ai n w e m ig h t pr o
’

m i fe o u r fe l v es th e S ati s faéi i o n o f fe e i n g m o r e
o f t h e A n tiq u it i e s an d n atu r a l Hi li o r y o f the
,

fir lr Wo rld t h an w e h av e n o w l eft o r c an
’
, ,

r e a fo n ab l
y e x
p e tt T h a t
. L ibr a ry w e f p e a k of

at A lex a ndr i a , C o l l
w ase éti o na, b efi de G ree k
B koo s o f E r ti a n , Chalda a n, an d a ll t h e
g p
E af er n
‘
 38 : Th Th
e
f eory o th e E AR T H .

Wo rld m ay b e divid ed i n to th e E after n L ear n in g

a n d th e We fl c r n 5 an d I l o o k u p o n t h e Ball e r n as
°

far m o r e c o n fi der ab le fo r ph i lo fo ph i c al An tiq u i

t i es a n d ph i lo fo ph i cal C o n c lu fio n s ; I fay Con
,

chfions ,fo r I do n o t b el i ev e e it h er of t h em h ad
a n y c o n fi de r a b l e T h e o r y o r C o n t ext u r e o f Pri n i
,

c i p les a n d C o n c lu fio n s t o g e t h e r Bu t tis c e rt ai n
’

t h at i n th e Bali fro m w h at S o u rc e fo ev er it c am e
, ,

h u m an e o r divi n e t h e y h ad fo m e ex tr ao rdi n ary

’

B o étti n e s a n d N o ti o n s di fp er fl a m o n g fi t h e m
'

No w as by th e w eil er n L ear n i n g we u n derfl and

t h at o f th e Gr eeks an d R oma ns ; fo by th e e afier n
t h at w h ic h w as am o n g ft th e Eg yp ti a ns Ph oe
’
,
(

n i ci a n s Ch a lda a ns A y r i an s Indi a ns
, fl ,
E th
, to ,

i an d T erf a ns an d o f th e L ear n i n g o f
p ans ,

th e fe N ati o n s h o w l itt le h ave w e n o w l eft

,

Exc ept fo m e Fr ag m e n ts an d C it atio n s i n Gr eek

Au t h o rs w h at do w e k n o w o f t h em ? Th e
,

m o d e r n B r a ck ma ns an d t h e Terjees o r Tag a n
, ,

P erf a ns h av e fo m e br o k en R e m ai n s o f Tr a
‘
,
~

di r i o n s r elati n g to th e O rigi n an d C h an g e s o f
th e W o rld : Bu t i f w e h ad n o t o n ly t h o fe

B o o ks e n tir e w h e r e o f w e h av e n o w th e G l e an
,

i n gs a n d R ev er li o n s o n ly ; b u t all t h at h ave
p e r i lh d b eli de s
’

e fp ec
, i a l l y i n t h at fam o u s I :i
b r ar y a t A lex a ndr i a ; i f th e fe I fay w e r e all , ,

r e fl o r d to th e Wo rld ag a i n
.

w e m ig h t pr o
’

m i fe o u r fe l v es th e S ati s faél i o n o f fe e i n g m o r e
o f th e A n tiq u iti e s an d n at ur a l Hi lto r y o f the
’
,

fis h Wo rld t h an w e h av e n o w l eft o r c an
a ry w e f ea k o f
, ,

r e a fon ab ly e x e tt
p T h a.t L ibr p
atA lex a ndr i a w as a C o lleé ci o n b efi de Gr eek
,
‘
,

B k f E ti Ch ld d l l t h e
oo s o
g p
r a n , a a a n, an a

E ah e r n
Concer ni ng th e fPr i mE . ar th , dndf ai a
i '
di/é .
585

E after n L ear n i n g ; ah d Cedr enus m ak e s i t to co n

’

fill o f a n h u n dr e d th o u fan d V o l u m e s : Bu t 70
e h u s fa it h , w h e n th e T r an fl ati o n o f th e Bibl e
fp
by th e Sep tu ag i nt w as to b e add e d to it D eme ,

tr i u s Th a ler i us , (wh o w as K eep er o r G o v e rn o r

of it)t o ld th e Ki n g t h en t h at he h ad alr eady tw o
’

h u n dr e d th o u fan d V o l u m e s an d t h at h e h o p d
’

to m ak e t h e m fiv e h u n dr e d th o u fa n d ; an d h e
w as b ett e r t h an h i s Wo rd o r h i s S u c é effo r s fo r
"
-

h i m ; fo r Ammi a nus Ma r celli nu s a n d e th er ,

Au t h o rs r e p o rt th e ni to h av e 1 n cr eas d to fe v e n
'
’

h un dr e d th o u fan d Th is L ibr ary w as u n fo r tu

.

h at e ly b u r n t i n t h e fac k i n g o f Alex a ndr i a b y

Gafa r an d c o n ftder i n g t h at a ll th e fe w e r e an ci
,

en t B o o ks an d g e n e r ally o f th e e a fier n Wi fdo m

, ,
’
t was a n i n efi i m ab le a n d irr ep arabl e L o fs to the
C o m m o n w e alth o f L e ar n i n g In lik e m an n er .

w e ar e t o ld o f a v afi L ibr ary o f B o ok s o f all A rts

a n d S c i en c e s i n Ch i na b u r n t by th e C o m m an d
,

o r C apric e o f o n e o f t h e 1 r Ki n gs Wh er e m t h e .

Ch i n efes acc o rdi n g to th e ir V an i ty w e r e u s d

’

, ,

t o fay gr e at e r R ic h e s w er e lo ll t h an w il l b e
, ,

i n th e l aft C o n fiag r ati o n .

W E ar e t o ld al fo o f th e Ahyj i ne o r E th i ,

o i ck L ibr ary as fo m e th i n g v e ry e xtr ao rdi n a ry

p ,
’
Twas fo rme r ly i n gr e at R ep u t ati o n b u t is , .

n ow I fu ppo fe e m b ez z l e d a n d loft Bu t I
, , .

w as e x tr e am ly fur p r i z d by a Tr eati fe br o u g h t
’

t o m e fo m e fe w Mon t h s fi n ce w h e r e i n a r e ,

m e n ti o n cl fo m e E thi op i ck An tiqu iti e s r e l ati n g

’

t o t h e pri m aev al E art h a n d t h e D e l u g e : T o

bo t h wh ich t h ey giv e fu ch C h ar aéter s an d ’

P r operti es as are i n Effeét th e v ery fam e w ith ’

t h o fe
 The Theory of TH the E A R
‘

5 84 , .

t h o fe a fli g n d th e m i n t h is T Th ey fay
’
h eo ry “ .

th e fir fl E a rth w as m u c h gr eat e r t h an th e p r e
fe n t h ig h er an d m o r e adv an c d i n t o th e Ai r
’

Th at it w as f mo o th an d r eg u l ar i n its S u r fac e -
,

w it h o u t Mo u n t ai n s o r V a l l eys b u t h o ll o w
'

w it h i n ; an d w as fp o n taneo u fly fr u it fu l w it h ,

o u t p lo w i n g o r ( o wi n g Th is w as its fir ft St at e
.

b u t w h e n Man ki n d b ec am e d eg e n e r at e a n d
o u tr ag i o u s w it h Prid e an d Vi o l e n c e th e a h ,

g y
r G o ds as t,
h e y fa y
'
by E art h q u ak e s a n d
,

C o n c u fi i o n s br o k e th e h a bit ab le O r b o f th e
, .

E art h a n d t h e r e u p o n t h e fu b te r r an e o u s Wat e rs
,

g u ih i ng o ut dr o wn d it i n a D e l u g e a n d de
, \
’

fi r o y d Ma n ki n d : U p o n t h is Er aél i o n i t c am e
’

i n t o an o t h e r F o r m w it h a S e a L ak e s a n d R i
, ,

v e rs , a s w e n o w h av e An d th o fe P arts o f .

t h e br o k e n E art h t h at fl o o d a b o v e th e Wat e rs

b e c am e Mo u n t a i n s R o cks Iflan ds an d fo m u c h
, , ,

o f th e L an d as w e n o w i n h abit Th is Acc o u n t .

giv e n u s by B ar na r di nus R a maz z i nus (i n h i s ,

Tr eati fe D e F onti a mMu ti nen/iu m St a tur tg i ne )

‘ fi

Tak en fr o m a B o o k writ by F r a ncifco Tatr i ci o,

Pag e 4 1 F r a nci/cu s Pa tr icia s , Vrr eru dxtione a t cla m s , in u a

.
[ q
dam li bel/o [u o cle A nti qu ar i a n Rhetor ica Ita li co i di oma te con cr r to, a c
”
,
/ p
Veneriis impr q/ j p er F r a ud cu m S enen m , D ra lo o
b
/ fi g p r im e [a m le tda m
p
na r ra ti onem ha het,
g f j u lmm Str oz z a m a C ani ne Balthaja r e
u a m r e er :

C aji ilroneo a u drv m

f e, Iliu m v er b it Phrlo/bpho
'

aniei a cce t F Na r r a ha t erg o firpiens dle

p p/ .

E thi opi a A nna lrhu s defcr r ta m e e hi lor ia m er t/mom

p jf / p : hu ma n: g enem

(7 Alfiuptioms totru s T
1
er r a In Mu ndr fcrlicet pr i mor di is fu / é T
.
i[ erm ”)
m u lro a mplror em qu a m nu nc efl , a c Carlo r ox imior em
p p f
er efi é r otu n ,

da m , [ine Montrku s a c Va llihm , tota m ta men mm: ca v er no a m ad m ’

j
fl fpong ia hommefqu e m slid ha hrta tztes , a c a ther o pu r rflfmo g a u
a r .

dentes , u cu nda m a v um da m 2, T
j /7 er r d ma r atd o ti ma :
fr ug es , (7
“ p
5

fr u it : fer eme Cu m a atem peg/l dmturnu m fa cu lor u m flu x u m ho

.

mines [uperhi d ela ti i t prtfcd did honrtt m de cr or i nt, D ear 1m m

y fi
’

Term m
 Th e Th eo y of
"

th e 15 r H:
'

3 8 6 r -
p. r
'

Ptu di e d o n l y th e Ar t o f Sp e aki n g , o f G o v e r n i n ,
g
a n d o f Fig h ti n g ; a n d l e ft th e r c fi to th e G r eeks

a n d c affei n N ati o n s , as u n pr o fit a bl e Y e t w e h a v e .

R e a fo n to b e li e v e , t h a t th e b e lt p h i lo fo ph i cal
An tiq u iti e s t h at th e R oman s h ad p er i ih d W i t h
’

t h e B o o ks o f Va rr o; o f A u ma Pom i li u s , a n d o f
r
p
t h e an ci e n t Si hy ls , ( D e Ci t) D ei , li h 6 L i on
‘ ‘
. . . .

Ha li c A n t R om li k
. . Va r r o w r i t, a s St A u
. . .

fl i n t e lls u s, a Mu ltit u d e o f V o l u m e s v ar i , an d o f

o u s S o rts a n d I h a d r at h e r r e tri e v e h i s W o rks

, ,

t h a n th e Wo rks o f an y o t h er R oma n Au t h o r 5
no t h i s Ety m o l o gi e s an d C r i ti c i fm s w h er e w e fee
b u t h is T
,

n o t h i n g ad m ir ab l e ,h eolog i a Thy/ lea f

,

a n d h i s A nti ui ta tes ; w h ic h i n all Pr o b abilit y

g
w o u ld h av e giv en u s m o r e L ig h t i n t o r em o re
Ti m e s an d th e n at u r al Hi fto r y o f th e p afi Wo r ld
, y

t h an all th e L a tin Au t h o rs b efides h av e d o n e .

He h as left th e fo r e m e n ti o n d D i li i n éi i on o f t h r ee
’

P e ri o ds o f Ti me ; He h ad t h e D o Ctr i n e o f th e '

Munda ne Eg g as w e fe e i n Pr ohus Gr a mmai

,
‘

t i ons ; an d h e g av e u s t h at O b fer v ati o n o f t h e

S t ar Venus c o n c e r n i n g th e gr ea t C h an g e {h e
,

fu ffe r d a b o u t th e Ti m e o f o u r D e l u g e
’

N u ma Pomp i li us w as do u b tle fs a c o n t em p la
tiv e Man an d tis t h o u g h t t h at h e u n d e r fl o o d
’

th e tr u e S yft e m o f t h e Wo rld a n d r ep r e fe n t ,

e d th e S u n by h i s Ve l a l F i r e 5 th o m et h i n ks
/
’
.

, ,

Ve/l a d o cs n o t fo pr o p e r l y r efe r to th e S u n as ,

to th e E ar t h w h ic h h at h a facr e d Fir e to o
, ,

t h at is n o t to b e ex ti n g u i fh d He o r der d h is ’

.
’

'

B o o ks to b e b u ri e d wit h h i m w h ich w e r e
,

fo u n d i n a St o n e C h efs by h i m fo u r h u n dr e d
‘
,
.

Y ears after h i s D eath Th ey wgre i n all t we n ty

fo u n .
Concer ni ng th e Trim . Ear th , 3 87

fo u r fwh er eo f t we lv e c o n tai n d facr ed R ite s a n d

’

C e r em o n i es; an d th e O t h e r t w e lv e th e Ph i lo fo

p yh an d W i fd o m o f th e G r eek s ; t h e R om an s
g av e t h em to th e Pr eetor eti li us to pe r u fe ;
‘
T
a n d to m ak e h i s R e o r t rto th e S e n at e, w h e t h e r
’

p
t h e y w e r e fit to b e p u b li fh d o r n o : Th e Pr eetor
’
(

m ad e a w i fe p o litick R ep o rt , t h at th e C o n t e n ts
o f t h e m m ig h t be o f d a n g e r o u s Co n fe u e n c e to
q
th e e fiab l i lh d L a w s an d R e ligi o n 5 an d t h e r eu p
’

o u t h e y w e r e c o n de m n d to b e b u r n t , a n d Po fie
’
’

r i ty w as dep r i v d o f t h at an ci en t T r e a fu re , w h at
’

fo ev er it w as W
h at th e n i n e B o o ks o f th e Si
T
.

hy l c o n tai n d, t h at w e r e o ffe r d to Ki n g a r g uzn;

’ ’

w e littl e k n ow 5 {h e v al u e d t h e m h ig h , a n d th e
h ig h e r filll, t h e m o r e t h e y fe e m d to flig h t o r
’

n eg leét t h e m 5 w h ic h is a Pi e c e o f v e ry n a t u r al

I n d ig n at io n o r C o n t e m pt, w h e n o n e is fatisfi
e d o f th e W o rt h o f wh at t h e y o ff e r Ti s lik e .
’

l y t h e y r e fp eCte d, b e fi de s th e F at e o f R ome, th e
F at e a n d fev e r al P e ri o ds o f th e Wo rld , b o t h
aft an d t o c o m e , a n d t h e m o lt m y fl i c al Pa f
’
p
fag es o f t h em A n d i n th efe Au t h o rs an d Mo
.

n u m en ts a r e lo ft t h e gr eat cit H o p e s o f n at u r al
‘
-

and h i lo fo p h i c k A n tiq u iti e s , t h at w e c o u l d

p
h av e h ad fro m th e R oma ns
‘
.

A N D a s to th e Gr eeks , t h e ir b ell a n d fac r ed

L e ar n i n g w as not o rigi n al ly t h e i r o wn ; t h e y
e n r i c h d th e m fe lVes w it h th e Sp o i ls o f th e E afie
’

a n d th e R e m a i n s w e h av e o f t h at e afl e r n L e a r n

i n g , is w h at w e pick o u t o f th e G r eeks ; Wh o fe
'

'
W
o rks , I b e li ev e , i f t h e y w e re i n ti r e“ ly e x ;

t an t , w e fh o u ld no t n e e d to g o an y fu rt h e r
fo r Wi tne ife s to c on firm a l l th e pri n cip al Par ts
of
 3 8 8 Th Th eo y of
e EARr H r th e
’
”

o f t h is T h eo ry Wit h w h at R eg r et d o e s o n e r ead
.

i n L a er ti us Sa i du r a n d O t h e rs th e p r o m i fi n g
, , ,

Titl e s o f B o o ks w rit by th e Gr eek Ph i lo fo ph er s ;

H u n dr eds o r Th o u fan ds wh er e o ft h er e is n o t o n e ,

n o w ex tan t ; an d th o fe t h a t a r e e xt an t a r e g e n e
.

r ally b u t Fr ag m e n ts ? T h o fe Au t h o rs a lfo th at
h av e w rit t h e ir L iv e s o r c o ll e él e d t h e ir O pi n i
,

o n s h av e d o n e it co n fu fe dl y an d i n j
, u di ci o u fl y .

I fh o u ld h o p e for as m u c h L ig h t and In flr u éi i o n ,

a s to th e O rigi n a l o f t h e Wo r ld fr o m Orph eu s ,

a lo n e i f h i s Wo rks h ad b e e n p r e fe r v d as fr o m
’

, ,

a l l t h at is e xt an t n o w o f th e o t h e r Gr eek Ph i lo fo

p h er s W
. e m ay fe e fr o m w h at r e m a i n s o f h i m ,

t h at h e u n d erflo o d i n a go o d Me afu r e h o w th e
E art h ro fe fro m a C h ao s w h at w as its e xt ern al ,

Fig u r e a n d w h at th e F o r m o f its i n w ard S tr u c

,
-

t u r e : Th e O pi n i o n o f th e Ov a l Fig u re o f th e
E art h is afcr i b d to Orp h eus an d h i s D i fc ip les 5 an d
’

t h e D o él r i n e o f th e AIn nda neE is fo p e c u li arly

gg
h i s t h at tis c a ll d by Pr oclus th e Orp h i ck Egg 5
’ ’ ‘
, ,

n o t t h at h e w as h e fi rfl Au r h o r o f t h at D o é tr tn e
‘
t ,

b u t th e fir li t h at bro u g h t it i n t o G reece
/
.

TH U 3 m uc h c o n c er n i n g th e H e at h en L e ar n
i ng E afier n an d Well e r n an d th e fm ail R e
’
, ,

m ai n s o f it i h Th i n gs Ph i lo fo ph i c al 5 tis n o
' ’

\Vo n der th e n i f th e A cc o u n t w e h av e l e ft u s
m
fro m t h e o f th e pri m itiv e E art h an d th e A n
ti q u i ti e s f th e n at u r al Wo r ld b e v e ry i m p e r
,

p
fe ét An d y e t w e h av e tr a c d ( i n th e pr e c e
’

. .
,

de nt C h a pt e r an d m o r e l arg e ly i n o u r L a ti n
,

Tr e ati fe) th e F o o tfl ep s o f l b v er al P arts o f t h is

,

Th eo ry am o n g ll th e \Vr i ti n g s an d Tr aditi o n s
o f th e An ci e n ts a n d e v e n o f th o fe P arts t h at
,
3 90 The Theory of the E An T H .

un le fs by Way o f Traditi o n amo ng fi t h e m: ,

Th er e is n o t a B o o k e xt an t i n t h e ir L ang u ag e e x
c e p ti n g th e C a n o n o f t h e O l d T e fl am e n t t h at ,

h a t h n o t b e e n w rit f i n c e o ur S a vi o u r s T i m e
’
.

Th e y are v ery b ad Mailers o f An tiq u ity an d ,

t h e y m ay i n fo m e Me afu r e b e ex c u s d b e cau fe ’

,
.

O f t h e ir fe v e r a l C aptiviti e s D i f e r fio ns an d D e
p , ,

f ati o ns l n th e B ahy lonijh C aptivity t h e ir Tem

o l e

p l e w as r an fa c k d a n d t h e y did
’

,
n o t
p r e fe r v e a s , .

is t h o u g h t fo m u c h as th e Au t o gr ap h o r
, ,

na l Man u fc r i p t o f th e L aw n o r th e B o o ks o f ,

t h o fe O f t h e ir Pr o p h e ts t h at w e r e t h en ext an t ,

an d k e pt i n t h e Te m pl e ; an d a t t h e ir R e t u rn
fr o m t h e C aptivity a ft e r fev e n ty Y e ars the y ,

fee m to h av e fo rg o t t h e ir n ativ e L a n g u ag e fo
m u c h t h at th e L aw w as to b e i n t e rpr et e d to
,

t h e m i n Ch a ldee aft e r it w as r ead i n Hehr ew 5

,

fo r fo I u n d e r h an d t h at I n t e rpr et ati o n i n N e
'

hemi ah ( Ch ap viii 7
, . Tw as a gr e at Pr o
.
,
’

v i den c e m e t h i n ks t h at t h e y fh o u ld a n y W ay
, ,

re fe r v e t h e ir L a w an d o t h e r B o o ks o f Scrip
p ,

t u r e i n th e C aptivity fo r fO l o n g a T
, , ime ;
fo r tis lik e ly t h e y h ad no r th e L ib e rty o f n hu g
’

t h em i n an y p u blick Wo r fh i p fe e i n g t h ey r e ,

t u r n d fO i n o 1 an t o f t h e ir o w n L an g u ag e an d
’
o
,
’

g
a s ti s t h o u h t o f t h e 1 r A lp h a b e t an d C h ar aéte r
a ,

too An d i f t h eir facr ed B o o ks w e r e h ard ly

.

p r efe r v d w e m
’

ay ,e a f i l y b e li e v e a ll O t h e rs p e

r i fh d i n t h at p u blick D e fo lat i on s
’

Y E T t h e r e w as a no t h e r D e flr u él i o n o f t h at
'

N ati o n an d t h e ir Te m pl e gr e at e r t h an t h is
, , ,

b y th e R oma ns ; and i f t h e r e w er e an y R e m a i n s .

p catn i n
p r e fer v d m
g
v
th e f o r m
’

er R u i n o r a ny , .

e cr u its
1 R
 Cent er ni ng th e Tr im E ar th , a nd Tar adife
'

. .
3 91

R e cr u its m ad e fin ce t h at Ti m e, t h is fe co n d D e
f o lati o n wo u ld fw e ep t h e m all aw ay An d a c .
e

c o r di n g ly w e fe e t h e y h a v e no t h i n g l e ft i n t h e ir

To n g u e, b efide th e Bib le, fo an ci en t as th e D e

fi r u fi i o n o f 7er ufa lem Th e fe an d o t h e r pu bli c k
.
.

C alam iti e s o f th e y ew ifl) N ati o n m ay r e a fo n a

b ly b e t h o u g h t to h av e w aite d t h e ir R e c o rds o f
. a n ci en t L ear n i n g ,
if ey
t h h a d a ny f o r t o fp e ak

Tr u t h , th e y ew s ar e a P e o pl e o f littl e C u r i o fi ty;
. a s to Sci en c es an d ph i lo fo p h i cal E nq u iri es
Th ey w e r e v e ry t e n aci o u s o f t h e ir o w n G u f
tOm s , a n d c ar e fu l o f t h o fe T r aditi o n s th at did
'
_

zr e f e é t t h e m
p
’
, b u t w e r e n o t r e m ark abl e, t h at

I k n o w o f, o r t h o u g h t gr e at Pr o fici en ts i n
a n y O t h e r fo rt o f L e ar n i n
g T.h e r e h as b e e n

a gr ea t F a m e , tis tr u e , o f th e i b C h
j j l
’

w
'

e a a a ,

a n d o f gr e at Myfi e r i e s c o n ta i n d i n i r , an d, I
’

b e li e v e, t h e r e w as o n c e a tr aditi o n al D o étr i n e
a m o n g lt fo m e o f t h e m , t h a t h ad e x tr ao r di na
‘
.

;r y N o ti o n s a nd C o n c l u fi o n s : Bu t w h e re is

t h is n o w to b e fo u n d ? T h e Efl enes w e r e th e
li k e liefi S eét, o n e w o u ld t h i n k , to r et ai n fu c h
D o él r i n es ; b u t t i s pr o b abl e t h e y ar e n o w fo
’

m i xt w i t h Th i n gs fab u l o u s a n d fan tafii ca l, t h at

w h at o n e fh o u ld all e dge fr o m t h e n c e w o u ld
b e o f litt l e o r no Au th o r i i y O n e H ead i n
.

t h is Caha la w as th e D o étr in e o f th e Sop h i

‘

r o/ h , ( Vi de Me n hen Ifr de Cr ea t p r oh
’

. . . .

a n d th o t h e Explic ati o n o f t h e m b e u n c er
’

t ai n , t h e i n fe ri o r Se h i r oth i n th e c o rp o r e al
p
'
Wo rld c an n o t fo w e ll b e ap ply d to an y Th i n g , ’

as to t h o fe fe Ve r a l O r b s a n d R e gi o n s , i n fo ldi n g
O n e a n o t h e r, w h er e o f th e pri m ig e n i al E a rt h
4
C c 4 . w as
5 92 . Th e Th eo y of
r the EAR TH .

w a s co m p os d Y e t f uc h C o n jeéi ur es an d Appli
'
’

c ati o n s , I k n o w , ar e o f n o V alidity , b u t i n C 0 11
fo rt w it h b ett e r Ar g u m e n ts l h av e o ft e n t h o u g h t
‘

a l fo t h at t h e ir
, fi r it a n d fe c o n d Te m pl e r ept e
fe n te d th e firlt a n d fe c o n d E art h o r Wo rld ;
a n d t h at o s eki el s , w h ic h 1 3 th e t h ird , is ( til l
’

t o b e e r e éte d, th e m o lt b e au ti fu l o f al l, w h e n
t h is fe co n d Te m pl e o f th e Wo rld {h all b e b u rn d ’

d o w n If th e Pr o p h e ci e s o f E noch h ad b e en pr e
.

fer v d, a n d t ak e n i n t o t h e C an o n b y E z r a , af
’
-

t e r t h e ir R e t u r n fr o m Ba hy lon , w h e n t h e C o l
l ett i o n o f t h e ir fa c r e d B o o ks is fu p po s d to h av e
’

b een m ad e, we m ig h t pr o b ab ly h av e h ad a co n
fider ab l e A cc o u n t t h e r e, b O th o f Ti me s p alt
a n d t o c om e , o f An tiq u iti e s an d F u t u riti o n s 5

fo r th o fe Pr o p h e ci e s ar e g e n e r al ly fu pp o s d to
’

h av e c o n t ai n d b o t h th e fir ft an d fe co n d F at e o f
’

t h is E art h , an d al l th e P e ri o ds o f it Bu t as .

t h is B o o k is_l o ft to u s , fo 1 lo o k u p o n a ll o t h e rs
t h at pr et en d to b e A n t e m o faical o r P atti ar
-

c h al, as fp u r i o u s an d fa b u l o u s .

S
THU m u c h c o n c e r n i n g th e y ew s As fo r .

Ch r iji i a n A u t h o rs , t h e ir K n o wl edg e m u tt b e
fro m fo m e o f th efe fo r e m en t i o n d j ew s o r
’

Heathens 5 o r e l fe by Apo fto li cal Tr adi ti o n ‘

F o r th e Ch r i/ti a n F at h e rs w er e n o t v e ry fp e c u
l ar iv e , fo as to t ai fe a Th eo ry fr o m t h e ir o wn
Th o u g h ts an d C o n t e m p lati o n s , c o n c er n i n g
th e O rigi n o f th e E art h . We h ave i n ftan c d, '

i n th e l aft C h apt e r , i n a Chr ijti a n Tr aditi o n

’

c o n cer n i n g Pa r a di/ e, an d th e h igo h S i t u ati o n

r

o f i r, ; w h 1 c h 1 5 fu lly c o n fo n an t to t h e S c i te O f
th e P r i m itiv e E art h , wh er e T
a r a dije fl o od , an d

dOth
 3 94 he T
T h eory of th e E A R T Hf
t h er e a C o u r fe o f R ain s at c ert ai n ti m e s o f th e
,
‘

Y e ar an d gre at I n e qu aliti es o f th e A i r as to
, ,

H e at a n d C o ld Mo i du r e an d Dro u g h t Th e y h ad
r aditi o n s am o n g ft t h e m T
.
,

a l fo T h at th er e w a s ,

no R a i n r om th e B e i n ni n o th e Wor ld ti ll th e
f g g f
fl elug o an d th a t th ere w er e no Mounta i ns ti ll
,

t h e F /ooel ( L at Tr e at L i b z c
, . an d f uc h
. . . .

l ik e Th e fe y ou fe e p o i n t di r e ftly at fu c h a n
.
, ,

E art h as w e h av e de fcr i b d An d I c all th e fe ’

Tr a di ti ons b ecau fe w e c an n o t fin d t h e O rigi n al

, .

A u t h o rs o f t h e m ; th e a n ci e n t or di na ry G/oji '

(u p o n G enefis ) w h ic h fo m e m ake e ig h t h u n dr e d
Y e ars o ld m en ti o n s b o t h th e fe O pi n i o n s 5 fo
,

d o e s Hi/i or i a Seh ola/i i ea A leni nns R a ha nns , ,

Ma ur its L yr a nns an d fu ch C o lle éto rs o f A n ti

, ,
‘

i y B d l r l t t a t o f th e Pla i nn
r f h efi
'

q u e e a . o e a es o r

S m o o th n e fs o f t h e A ntedi lu v i a n E art h Y et .

t h e fe a r e r ep o rt e d T r aditi o n ally as it w er e n am , ,

i n g n o A u t h o rs o r B o o ks fr o m w h e n c e t h e y
w e r e t ak en No r can it b e i m ag i n d t h at t h e y
’

fei g n d t h e m th e m fe lv es ; to w h at E n d o r Pu r
’

o fc ? It fe r v d no In e r e fi; o r u p o n w h at G r o u n d ?
’

t
p
S ee i n g t h e y h ad no Th eo ry t h at c o u ld l e ad t h e m
t o fu c h N o ti o n s as th e fe o r t h at c o u ld b e h r e n g ,

t h e n d an d c o n fir m d by t h e m
’

Th o fe O pi n i
’

o n s a l fo o f t h e F at h e rs w h ic h w e r e cit e d i n t h e ,

fe v e n th C h apt e r pl a ci n g Pa r a a ifie b ey o n d th e ‘ ’
,

To rrid Z o n e a n d m aki n g it th er e fo r e i n a cc e f
'

fi b le fu it v e r y w e ll to th e F o r m Qu a liti e s a n d
, , ,

Bp i a rtiti o n o f t h e Pri m e v a l E a rt h a n d fee m to ,

b e g r o u n de d u p o n t h e m .

TH U s m u c h m ay ferv e fo r a {h o rt S u rv ey o f
t h e an me n t L e ar n i n g t o gi ve u s a r ea fo n a b le ,

Acc o u n t ,
Concer ni ng the éno ?
’
a radi e 3 95
f .

Acc o u n t w h y th e Me m o ry and K n o w l e dg e o f
,

th e Pri m itiv e E art h fh o u ld b e fo m u c h l o ft o u t

o f th e Wo rld 3 an d w h at w e r e t ai n o f it fti l l

w h ic h w o u ld b e far m o r e I do n o t d o u bt i f al l
, ,

Man u fcr ip ts w e r e br o u gh t to l igh t t h at ar e y e t ,

e xt an t i n p u blick o r priv at e L ibr ari e s ; T h e Tr u t h

i s o n e ca nn o t j u dg e w it h C e rt ai n ty n e it h er
“
, ,

w h at t h i n gs h av e b e en r e c o rd e d an d p r efer v d i n ’

t h e Mo n u m e n ts o f L ear n i n g n o r w h at ar e fti l l
,

n o t w h at h av e b e e n b ec au fe fo m an y o f th o fe
,

Mo n u m e nts ar e l o ft : Th e Alex andri a n L ibr a

r y w h ic h w e f o k e o f b efo r e fe em s to h a v e
, p ,

b e e n th e g r e ateft C o lleéti o n t h at e v e r w as m ad e
b e fo r e C h r i fti an i ty an d th e Con/ta nti nop oli ta n
,

( b eg un by Con/fa mi ne an d deftr o y d in th e fift h

. ,
’ '

C en t u ry w n i t w as r ai s d to th e N u m be r as is
’

, ,

faid o f o n e u n dr ed t w en ty th o u fan d V o lu m e s )
,

th e m o ft v aluabl e t h at w as e v er fi n ce an d ,

b o t h th e fe h av e b een p e r m itt ed by Pro vid en c e

to e r i lh i n th e m er c i le fs Fl am e s B e fid t h f
p e o. e

De v aftati o n s o f B o o ks an d L ibr ari e s t h at h av e

b e en m ad e i n Ch r i fte n do m h y t h e N or ther n
, .

b arb aro u s N ati o n s o v erflo w i n g E u r op e an d th e ,

Sa r a cens a n d T u r ks ,gr eat P art s o f Afia and

Aff i ch . It is h ard t h e r efo r e to pro n o un c e
w h at K n o w l edg e h at h b een i n th e Wor ld o r ,
.

w h at A cc o u n ts o f An tiq u ity n ei t h e r c an
w e w e ll j u dg e wh at r e m ai n o r of t w h at th in g s
'
‘

, s

t h e Me m o ry m ay b e fti ll l at en tly con fer v d

‘
’
‘
, .

F o r b e fi de t h o fe Man u fcr i p ts th a t ar e y et u n
’

e x am i n d i n th e fe Pa rts o f C h ri fte iado m the r e

’ '

a r e m an y do u b tle fs o f g o o d V alu e in o th er
, ,
»

Parts ; b efide th o fe t h at li e hi d i n t h e un ch ri
T N
u

fii an i z d
’
 Th e Theory of th e E A h r H
‘

R '
. t

d D o m i n i o n s Th e L ibr ary o f F ee: is faid

’

t i an i z .

t o c o n t ai n t h irty t wo t h o u fan d Vo l u m e s i n Ar a
'

hi ck 5 an d t h o u g h th e A r a bi ch L e ar n i n g w as m o ft
w h at P Ve/i er n, a n d t h e r e fo r e o f le fs Acc ou n t ; y et
t h ey did d e i E jt n
a l n a e r L e ar i g oo 5
n n t fo r A v i f
cen na w rit a B o o k w it h t h at T itl e, Th i lofoph i a
Or i entali s Th e r e m ay b e a l fo i n th e E a/f,
.

Th b u fan ds o f Man u fcr i pts u n k no w n to u s, o f

gr e at er V alu e t h an m o ft B o o ks w e h av e : An d as
t o th o fe S u b jeC ts w e a r e tr e ati n g o f, I fh o u ld pr o
m i fe m y fe l f m o r e L ig h t an d C o n fir m ati o n fr o m
t h e S yr i a ck Au t h o rs t h an fr o m an y o t h e rs T . h e fe
t h i n gs b e i n g c o n fi der d, w e c an m ak e b u t a v e
’

r y i m p er fe ét Efti m ate, w h at Evid e n c e s ar e l e ft

u s , an d w h at A cc o u n ts o f th e pri m itiv e E art h 5

a n d i f t h e fe D ed u c ti o n s an d D efalc ati o n s b e
‘

m ad e, b Oth fo r w h at B o o ks ar e w h o lly l o ft, an d

fo r w h at l i e a fle ep o r d e ad , i n L ibr ari e s , w e
h av e R e afo n to b e fati s fie d i n a Th eo ry o f th is
N at u r e, to fin d fo g o o d Atte ftati o n s as w e h av e
d d f r th e fe v e r a l P a rts o f it 5 w h ic h w e
’

p r o u c o

r o fe to e n l arg e u p o n co n fi der abl t a

p pu y a n o

t h e r ti m e an d o ccafio n .

B U r to c a rry t h is O b jeCti o n as far as m ay

b e , l e t u s fu ppo fe it to b e u r g d fti ll i n th e h it
’

Pl ac e , t h at t h o u g h th e fe H u m an e W riti ngs
h av e p er i fh d o r b e i m p er feét, y e t i n th e Di
’

v i n e Writi n gs at l ealt, w e m i g h t ex eét t h at

'

p
t h e Me m o ry o f th e o ld Wo rld , an d o f th e

pri m itiv e E art h fh o u l d h av e b e en pr efer v d ’

I
To t h is an fw er i n fh o r t, t h at w e c o u ld n o t
ex p e ét i n t h e S c r i p r n r es an y n at u r a l T h eo ry
o f th at E art h , n o r a ny A cc o u n t of it, b u t
w h at
 he T
T h eoy of T H] the EAR
'

398 r

w as n o t defig n d t h at all th e Myfter i es o f N at u r e

’

a n d Pr o vid e n c e fh o u l d b e p lai n ly a n d c le arl y u n

d e r fto o d t h r o u g h ou t all th e Ag e s o f th e Wo r l d
b u t t h ar t h e r e is an O rd e r e ftab li fh d fo r t h is as
’

fo r o t h e r Th i n gs a n d c e rt ai n P e ri o ds an d S e a
,

fo n s 5 an d w h at w as m ad e k n o wn to th e An ci e n ts
o n ly by br o k e n C o n cl u fio n s an d T r aditi o n s w i ll

b e k n o wn ( i n th e l att e r Ag e s o f th e Wo r l d ) i n a
m o r e p er feét w ay by Pri n cipl e s an d Th e o ri e s
, .

Th e In c r eafe o f K n o w l e dg e b ei n g t h at w h ic h
c h an g e t h fo m u c h th e F a c e o f th e Wo r ld a n d th e ,

St at e o f h u m an e Affairs I do n o t d o u bt b u t ,

t h e r e is a par ti c u lar C ar e and S u p eri n t en d en cy

fo r th e C o n du ét o f it 5 by w h at St e ps an d D e
’

gr e es it fh o u ld c o m e to l ig h t at wh at Seafo n s ,

a n d i n wh at A g e s 5 w h at Evid en c e fh o u l d b e

l e ft e it h e r i n Script u r e R e afo n o r Tr aditi o n ,

, , ,

fo r th e G r o u n ds o f i t 5 h o w c le ar o r o b fc u r e ,

h o w di fp er s d o r u n it e d Al l th e fe t h i n gs w er e
’ ’

w e i g h d an d co n fi de r d, an d fu c h Me afu r es ta
’ ’

k e n as h eft fu it th e D efig n s o f Pr o vid en c e , an d

th e g e n e r al Pr o je ét an d Me t h o d pr o po s d i n th e
’

G o v e r n m e n t o f th e Wo r ld An d m ak e n o . I
(l ue fti o n b u t th e S tate b O th o f th e O ld
/
o r ld , W
a n d o f t h at w h i ch is to c o m e, is e x h ibit e d to u s i n

S cript u r e i n fu ch a Me afu r e an d Pr o p o ti o n , -a s is
fit fo r t h is fo r m e n ti o n e d Pu r po fe 5 n o t as th e A r
'

r i e le s o f o u r F a it h , o r th e Pr e c e pts o f a g o o d
L i fe , w h ic h h e t h at r u n s m ay r ead 5 b u t to th e at
t e n ti v e an d r efl e éti v e , to t h o fe t h at ar e u n pr eiu
~

di e d , and to th o fe w h o are i n q u i fiti ve , an d h av e

’

t h e ir Mi n ds o p en an d p r ep ar d fo r th e Di fc e r n ’

men t o f Myfter i es o f fu ch a N at ur e .

Tu u s
Concer ni ng the T a E ar t
rin h , a na T
'

ar adz e 5 99
'
'
j . .

S
THU mu c h i n A n fwer to t h at g e n e r al O h
jeéti o 11 ic
wh h m ig h t b e m ad e a g ai n ft t h is Th e o ry ,

Th a t i t is n o t fo u n d e d i n An tiqu ity I do n o t .

d o u bt b u t t h e r e m ay b e m an y p artic u l ar O b jeéti
o n s ag ai n ft P a rts an d S eéti o n s o f it an d t h e e x ,

p o li n g it t h u s i n o u r o w n To n g u e m ay excit e
fo m e o n e o r o t h e r it m ay b e to m ak e t h e m ; b u t:
, ,

i f an y b e (0 m i n ded l de fir e ( ,
i f t h e y b e Sc h o l ars)
t h at it m ay r at h e r b e i n L a ti n as b ei n g m o r e ,

p ro p er fo r a Su bjeét o f t h is N at u r e ; an d al fo t h at
‘

t h ey w o u ld k e e p th e m fe lv es c lo fe to th e S u b
ftan ce o f th e Th eo ry a n d w o u n d t h at a s m u c h
,

as t h e y ca n Bu t to m ak e Ex cu r fio n s u p o n
.

Th i n gs accid e nt al o r c o ll at e r al t h at do n o t de ,

fir o y th e Iflp othefir is b u t to tro u bl e th e WO r lci

’

w it h I mp erti n e n ci es N o w t h e S u b itan e e o f th e
'

Th e o ry is t h is TH AT t h e r e w as a Tr i rni ti v c
,

E a r th o f an o t h er F o r m fr o m th e p r e fen t a n d i h ,

h abit e d by Man k i n d ti ll t h e D e lu g e : T h at it h ad
t h o fe Pr o p e rti es a n d C o n diti o n s th at w e h av e

a fc r i b d to it n a m e ly a p e rp e t u a l Eq u i n o x o r
’

, ,

Spri ng by r ea fo n o f its r ig h t Sit u ati o n to th e

,

S u n 5 w as o f an o v a l Fig u r e a n d th e e xt eri o r ,

F ac e o f it fm o o t h a n d u n i fo rm w it h o u t Mo u n ,

t ai n s o r a S ea Th at i n t h is E art h fto o d Ta m
.

dtfé ; th e D o étr i n c wh er eo f c an n o t b e u n d e r
'

fl o o d b u t u p o n S u ppo fiti o n o f t h is pri m itiv e

E art h a n d its Pr o p e rti es Th e n t h at th e D i ff
, .

r u pti o n a n d F a ll o f t h is E art h i n t o th e A b yfs ,

w h ic h l ay u n de r it w as th at w h ic h m ad e t h e
,

u n i v e r fa l D e lu g e a n d t h e D e fl r u fi i o n o f th e
,

o ld Wo rld ; a n d t h at n e it h e r N oa h s F lo o d,
’

n o r th e p r e fen r F o r m o f th e Eart h c an b e e x ,
ci
'

p l ai n
4 00 Th e Theory of the E r AR
'

Hf

p l ai n d i n
’

t h e r Met h o d t h at is r ati o n al n o r
an y o ,

by any Ot h e r C au fe s t h at ar e i n t e lligibl e at l eaft , ,

t h at h av e b ee n h it h ert o pr o po s d to th e Wo rld ’

Th e fe a r e th e Vit als o f th e Th eo ry an d th e pri ,

m a ry Affer ti o n s w h er eo f I do fr e e ly pr o fe fs
,

m y fu ll B e li ef ; a n d w h o fo ev er by fo li d R eafo n s
w i ll fh e w m e i n an Err o r an d u n d e c e iv e m e I , ,

{h all b e v e ry m u c h o b lig d to h i m Th e r e ar e
’

O t h e r l e ffe r C o n c lu fio n s w h ic h fl o w fr o m t h e fe ,

a n d m ay b e c all d S e c o n d ary as t h at t h e L o n
’

i t f t h e An t e di lu v i an s dep en d e d u p o n
v y o -
g ae

t h eir p e rp e t u al Equ i n o x an d th e p erp et u a l E

,

q u ality an d S e r en ity o f th e Ai r : Th at th e To r
rid Z o n e i n th e pri m itiv e E art h w as u n i n h abit
a bl e a n d t h at a l l t h e ir R iv e rs fl o w d fr o m th e
’

e x rr ea m P a rts o f t h e E a rt h t o w a rds t h e Eq u i

n o fti al 5 t h e r e b e i n g n e it h e r R ai n n o r R ai n b o w

i n th e t em p e r at e an d h abit abl e R e g i o n s o f i t :
A n d l aftly Th at th e P l ac e o f Ta r a elijé acc o rd
,
’
,

i n g to th e O pi n i o n o f A n tiq u ity ( fo r I de ,

t er m i n e n o Pl ac e by th e Th eo r y) w as i n th e
fo u th er n He m i fp h er e Th e fe, I th i n k , a r e a ll
.

tr u ly d e du c d an d p ro v d i n t h e ir fe v er al Ways,
’ ’

t h o t h ey b e n o r fu ch e ffe n ti al P arts o f th e T he
’

o r y, a s th e fo rm e r Th er e are a l fo b efide s , m a
.

n y p artic u l ar Explic ati o n s t h at a r e to b e c o n fi

d e r d w it h m o r e L ib erty a n d L atit u d e, an d m ay
’

b e p er h aps u p o n b e tt e r Th o u g h ts , o r b e tt er
O b fer v ati o ns , co r r e éted w ith o u t a n y Pr eju
dic e to th e g e n er a l Th eo ry Th o fe P l ac es o f .

Script u r e , w h ic h w e h av e cit ed , I th i n k ar e all ,

tr u ly a pp ly d 5 an d l h av e n o t m e n ti o n d Mo
’ ’

es s Cofin o c au fe I th o u g h t it deli ve r d
f i
’ ’

p e a , cc
by
 Th e T
h eory of th e E A R r n : '

an d O t h Th
e r i n gs fh o u ld
, b e m i fta k en o r m i f
L

a
pp y l d
’

5 fe e i n g fo m e a r e a t to r u n aw ay w it h
p
Pi e c e s o f a D i fcou r fe w h ic h t h e y t h i n k appli
,

c abl e to t h e ir Pu rpo fe o r w h ic h t h e y c an m a
,
m

l i c i o u fly r e p r e fe n t w it h o u t atte n di n g to th e
,

S c o p e o r ju ft L i m it ati o n s o f wh at 1 s fpo k e n .

B Y N a tnr e i n g e n e r a l is u n de r fto o d all th e

P o w e rs o f fin it e B ei n gs wit h th e L aw s efta
,

b li fh d fo r t h e ir Aéti o n an d Co n d u it acc o rdi n g to

’

th e o rdi n ary C o u r fe o f T h m s An d t h is e xt en ds
o

b o t h to i n telleétu al B ei n gs an d c o rp o r eal ; b u t
fe e i n g tis o n ly th e m at eri al Wo rld t h at h at h
’

b e en th e Su b je ét o f o u r D i fco u r fe N at u r e as to , ,

t h at m ay b e defin d th e P o w er s o f Ma tter w it h
,
’

, ,

t h e L aw s e ftab l i fh d fo r t h e ir Ac ti o n an d C o n
’

d u i t S e e i n g alfo Matt er h at h n o Aéti o n w h e

.
,

t h e r fro m it fe lf o r i mpr eft u p o n i t b u t Mo ti o n ;

, ,

as t o th e c o rp o r e a l Wo r ld
,

N at u r e is n o m o r e
,

t h an th e P o w ers an d C ap aciti es o f Matt e r w it h ,

t h e L aws t h at g o v e r n th e Mo ti on s o f 1 t An d .

t h is D efin iti o n 1 3 fo pl ai n an d e afy th at I b eli e ve , , ,

a ll P a rti e s w i l l agr e e i n it ; t h e r e w i ll a l fo b e n o

gr eat C o n tr o v er fy w h at th e fe L aw s ar e As .

t h at o n e P art o f Matt e r c an n o t p en etr at e an o

t h e r n or b e i n fever al Pl ace s at o n c e ; Th at
, ,

t h e gr e at e r B o dy o v e rc o m e s th e l e fs an d th e ,
'

fwi fter t h e fl o w e r ; Th at a ll Mo ri o n is i n a »

rig h t L i n e til l fo m eth i ng o b ftr u ét it o r div ert

,

it w h ic h ar e P o i n ts litt le difp u ted as to th e

Matt e r o f F aét ; b u t th e P o i n ts c o n c er n i n g
w h ic h th e C o n tr o v er fy ar i fe th an d w h ic h are
,

t o l ead u s to t h e Au t h o r o f N at u r e ar e th e fe ,

t o o r w h a t is th e Au t h or o f th efe L a w s ?
of
 Ti in E ar th , and Ter m ?
”

Conce ni n r g th e r .
e
. 4 05

o f th 1 s Moti on ,
1 a nd e v en ofMatter it fe lf ; an d
o f a ll th o fe Mo d e s an d F o r m s O f it w h ic h we
fe e i n N at u r e ?
THE Qi ft On u feth c h i efly to b e pu c o c r
e i
‘

- t n e n !

i n g Moti on, h ow it c a m e i n t o th e o rld 5 w h at -

W
t h e fir ft S o u r ce o f it is , o r h o w Matt e r c a e at m
fir ft to b e m o v d ? F o r th e fi m lc N o ti o n o f Ma
’

t er , n o r divid ed i n t o P arts , n o r d i v e r fifie d, d o t h

p ‘
’

n o t i m ply Mo ti o n , b u t E x t e n i i o n o n ly T
’

i s t r u e; .
r

fro m Ex ten fto n t h e r e n e c effar i ly

C ap acity o f b ei n g m ov d b y an e x te 1 n a l Po iv
’

or a

e r , b u t n o t aftu a l o r n e c e ffar
y M o ti o n , f r i n i ng
p g
fr o m i t felf F o r D 1 m e n fi o n s , o 1 L e n v th Br eadth,
.

a n d D e pt h , w h ic h is t h e Idea o f Matt e 1 Or o f
'

a Bo dy, do n o W
ay i n cl u d e l o c a l Mo t i o n , f o r ~

Tr an flati o n o f P arts o n th e c o n trary , w e do

m o r e e afil y an d n at u r al ly c o n c e iv e fim p le Ex a

ren ho u as a T h i n g fte ady an d fix d an d i f w e

’

c o n c e iv e Mo ti o n m it , o r i n its P arts , w e in u ft
fu p er add fo m e th i n g t o o u r fir ft Th o u g h t a n d ,

fo m e th i n g t h a t d o e s n o t fl o w fr o m E x te n fio n .

As w h e n w e c o n c eiv e a Fig u r e , a Tri a n gl e ,

Sq u ar e o r an y O t h e r w e n at u r ally c o n c ei v e
, ,

it fix d o r q u i e fc e n t ; a n d i f aft e r w ards w e i m a
’

gi n e it i n Mo r i o n t h at is p u r e ly a ccid e n t a l to
,

t h e Fig u r e ; i h lik e Man n e r it is a ccid e n t al to

'

Matt e r t h at t h ere fh o uld b e Mo ri o n i n it i t

, ,

h at h n o i n w ard Pr 1 n c ip l e fr o m w h e n c e t h at
'

c an fl o w a n d its N at u r e is c o m pl e at w it h o u t
,

it ; w h e r efo r e i f w e fin d Mo ri o n an d Aéti o n
,

i n Matt e r w h ic h is o f it f lf a d e ad i na éti v e
, e

Ma fs ; t h is fh o u ld l ead u s i m m edi at e ly
Au t h or o f N at u r e o r to fo m e e xt er n al P o w e r
,

Dd2 di ftin tit

4 04 Th e Theory f th e E A R T H:
o

di fti n ét fr o m Matt e r , wh ic h is th e G au fe o f all

Mo ri o n i n th e Wo rld .

I N li n g le B o di es , a n d fin g l e P arts o f Matt e r ,
w e r e adily b e li e v e an d c o n cl u d e, t h a t t h e y do
n o t m o v e , u n l e fs fo m e th i n g m o v e t h e m , an d

wh y fh o u ld w e n o t c o n cl u d e th e fam e Th i n g o f
t h e w h o l e Ma fs ? If a R o ck o r Mo u n t ai n c an n o t

m o v e it fe lf, n o r divid e it fe lf, e it h e r i n t o gr e at

G o bb ets , o r i n t o fm all P o w d e r , w h y fh o u ld it
n ot b e as i m po f fib l e fo r th e w h o l e Ma fs o f Mat

ter to do fo ? T i s tr u e , Matt e r is c ap ab le b o t h o f
’

Mo ti o n an d R eft 5 y e t to co n c e iv e it u n di v i d
e d, u n di v er fifie d a n d u n m o v e d , is c ert ai n l y a

m o r e fi m p le N o ti o n , t h a n to c o n c e iv e it divid e d

an d m o v d ; an d t h is b e i n g fir ft i n O rd e r o f
’

N at u r e, an d an ad eq u at e C o n c epti o n to o , w e
o u g h t to e n q u ir e an d giv e o u r fe lv e s a n Ac

c o u n t h o w it c am e o u t o f t h is St at e, an d by
w h at C a u fes , o r , as w e faid b e fo r e, h o w Mo
ti on ca rn e firfi i n to th e W or la
'
’
.

I N th e fe c o n d P l ac e , Th at D i v e r fi ty w h ic h
w e fe e i n N a t u r e , b o t h as to th e Qu aliti e s o f
Matt e r, an d th e C o m po fiti o n s o f it, b e i n g o n e
St ep fu rt h er t h an b ar e Mo ri o n , o u g h t a l fo to
b e a fu rt h e r I n dic ati o n o f th e Au t h o r o f Na
t u r e , an d to p u t u s u p o n E nq u iry i n t o th e
C au fes o f t h is D i v er fity . Th er e is no t h i n g
m o r e u n i fo r m t h an fi m pl e E x ten fio n , n o t h i n g
m o r e th e fam e t h r o u g h o u t , a l l o f a Pi e c e, an d
a l l o f a S o rt , fi m i lar , a n d l ik e to i tfe l f e v er y

w h e r e 5 y e t w e fin d th e Matt e r o f th e U n i v e r fe
d i v er fi fied a th o u fan d W
-
ay s , i n t o H e av e n s an d

W
E art h , A i r and at e r, St ars, Met eo rs, L ig i s
D arg
4 06 Th e T
h eory of th e E A n
’

1
‘

H .
1

t h is Met h o d all th e Matt e r o f th e U n i ver fe

,

w o u ld b e o n e liq u id o r v o l atil e Ma fs fmal ler ,

t h an Pi n d u ft n ay t h a n A ir o r thi th er ; an d
, ,

t h er e w o u ld b e n o Di v er fity o f F o r m s o n ly
fo rt o f Id e n tity fr o mth e fo r m e r
,

a n o t h er ,

w h e n w e fu p p o s d i t w h o lly w it h o u t Mo ti o n
’

An d fo u p o n t h e w h o l e y o u fe e t h at Mat
, , ,

t e r w h e t h e r w e a ll o w it Mo ti o n
,
o r n o Mo ti ,

on , c o u ld 11 o t c o m e i n t o t h at V ari e ty o f Te m
p ers a n d C o m p o fl ti o n s i n w h ic h w e fin d it i n
t h e Wo r ld w it h o u t t h e I n fl u en c e an d D i r eéti o n
,
'

O f a fu p e r i o r e x t e r n al C au fe w h ic h w e c all th e ,

A u t h o r o f N at u r e .

B U I t h e r e is fti ll a fur the r an d ftr o n g er A r

g um ent fr o m t h is H ead i f w e c o n fi d e r n o t
,

o n ly t h e D i v r fit o f B o di e s t h at th e Ma fs o f
e y
Mattc r 1 s c u t i n t o b ut a lfo th a t t h at D i v er fi ty
,

is r eg cla r a n d i n fo m e P arts o f it ad m ir ably

a rtfu l a n d 1 n e n 1 o u s
o
Th i s w i ll n o t o n ly lead
.

u s to a n A u t h o r o f N at u r e b u t to fu ch an ,

Au t h o r a s h at h Wi ldO m as w e l l as P o w e r .

Matt er is a br u t e Be i n g ftu p i d a n d fen fe le fs 5 ,

a n d t ho w e fh o u ld fu fe it to h av e a F o rc e
’

pp o

t o m o ve it fe l f y et t h at it fh o u l d b e a bl e to
,

m e di tat e a n d c o n fu lt a n d t ak e i ts Me a fu r es
,

h o w to fr a m e a Wo rld a r eg u l ar an d b eau ti
.
,

fu l S tr u ftu r e c o n frfti n g o f fu ch a n d fu ch P arts

,

a n d R egi o n s a n d ad apt e d to fu c h an d fu ch
,

Pu r po fes t h is w o u ld b e to o e xtr av ag an t t o
,

i m ag i n e ; to a ll o w it n o t o n ly MO ti o n fr o m

i t fel f b u t W i t an d J u dg m en t to o ; an d t h at
,

b e fo r e it c am e i nt o an y org an ic al o r an i m at e
C o m po fl ti o n .
Concer ni ng th e Tr i m E a r th , a nd T
. ar aolife .
4 07

Y o u ll fay i t m ay b e th e Fr am e of th e Wo rld
'
’ ‘

, ,

w as n o t th e R e fu lt o f C o u nfe l an d C o n fu ltati o n ,
b u t o f Necefl i tj Matt e r b e i n g o n c e i n Mo ti o n
u n d e r th e C o n du ét O f th o fe L a w s t h at ar e e ffen
ti al to 1 t, it w ro u g h t i r fe lf by D e gr e es fr o m o n e
St at e i n t o ano t h e r, till at l e ngt h it c am e i n t o th e
p r e f en t F o r m w h ic h w e c a ll t h e Wo rld .T h e fe

a r e Wo rds t h r o w n o u t at R a n d o m , w it ho u t an y
'

Pr e t en c e o f G ro u nd , o n ly to fe e i f t h e y ca n b e
c o n fu t e d ; and fo t h ey m ay e afily b e ; fo r w e
h av e fh e wn alr eady , t h at i f Matt e r h ad i n n at e
Morio n, it w o u ld b e fo far fr o m r u n n i n g i n t o
t h e o rd e r l a n d w e l l di f o s d Fr a m e o f th e
’ "

y p
Wo rld , t h at it w o u ld r u n i n t o n o Fr am e at all,
i n t o n o F o r m s o r C o m po fl tio n s, o r D i v er fl ty o f
B o di e3 5 b u t wo u ld e it h er b e all fl u i d, o r all fo
li d ; e it h e r e v e ry li ng le P articl e i n a fep ar ate
Mo ti o n , o r all i n o n e c o nti n u ed Mafs ; w it h an
’

u n i v er fal T r e m o r, o r I n cli n ati o n to m o v e ’

w i th o u t aétu al S ep aratio n ; a n d e it h e r o f th e fe
r

t wo St at e s is far fr o m t h e F o r m o f a \Vo r ld .

S e c o n dly , As t o t h e L aw s o f Mo ti o n , as fom e
‘

o f t h em ar e e ffe n ti al to Matt e r , fo o t h ers ar e

n o r d e m o nftr a b l e , b u t u p o n S u p po fl ti o n o f

a n Au t h o r o f N at u r e A n d t h irdly , Th o all
’

th e L aw s o f Mo ti o n b e a d m itt e d , t h e y c an
n o t bri n g Matt e r i n t o th e F o r m o f a W
o rl d,

u n l e fs fo m e Mea fu r e s b e t ak e n a t fir ft by an

I
i n t e llig ent B e i n g ; fay, fo m e Me afu r es b e
t ak e n to d et e r m i n e th e pri m ary Mo ti o n s u p o n
-

"

w h ic h th e r eft d e p e n d , a n d to p u t t h e m i n a
W ay t h at leads to th e F o rm ati o n o f a o rld W .

T h e Mafs m u ft b e divid e d i nto R eg ion s , a n d

'

Cd 4 C ent e rs
4 08 Th Th ory f
e e . EAR o the

C en t e rs fix t, a n d Mo ti o n s appr o pri at e d to t h e m 5

a n d it m u ft b e c o n fide r d o f w h at Mag n i t u de th e
’
'

fir ft Bo di e s o r t h e fir ft D i v i fl o n s o f Ma ttc r fh o u ld
,

b e an d h o w m o v d c fid e s , t h er e m u lt b e a
’

d et e r m i n ate Pr o p o r ti o n , an d c ertai n D e g r e e o f _

Mo ti o n i m pr c fl u p o n th e u n i v e r fal Matt er t o ,

li y it o r th e Pr o d u éti o n o f a W o r ld 5 i f t h e
r

q u a f f
D o fe w as e i th e r to o ftr o n g o r to o w eak , th e
Wo rk w o u ld m i fc ar r y 5 a n d n o th i n g b u t i n fi
n it e ‘ vV 1 fdo 11 1 c o u ld fe e th r o t h e E ff e éts O f e v e r y
’

Pr o p o rti o n , o r e v e ry n e w degr ee o f Mo ti o n ,
a n d d i fc er n w h ic h w a s b e lt fo r th e B e gi n n i n g ,

Pr o g r e fs , a n d Pe r fe éti o n O f a Wo rld S o yo u .

fe e th e A u t h o r o f N at u r e is n o Wa ye xcl u d ed ,
o r m ad e u fe l e fs by th e L aw s o f Mo ri o n ; n o r

i f Matt e r w as p r o m 1 fc u o u fl y m o v d , w o u ld
’

t h e fe b e fu fh c i e n t C au fe s O f t h e m fe lv e s t o p r o
d u c e a Wo r l d, o r t h at r eg u lar D i v e r fity o f B0
di es t h at c o m p o fe i t .

U
B 1 tis h ard to fati s fy Me n ag ai n ft t h eir In
' ‘
’

c l i n ati o n s , o r t h e ir In te r eft : An d as t h e ir R e

u l a r i ty o f t h e U n i v e r fe w as a l w ays a gr e a t
g
St u m bli n g fto n e t o th e Ep i cu r e/ans ; fo t h e y
h av e e n d e av o u r d to m ak e S h i fts o f a ll S o rts to
’

giv e an A cc o u n t and An fw e r to it , w ith o u t

R e c o u r fe t o a n i n t e llig en t Pri nc ipl e ; an d fo r ,

t h e ir l aft R e fu g e , t h e y fay th at C h an c e m ig h t, .

brin g t h at to p a fs , w h ic h Nat u r e an d Ne c e fli ty
c o u ld n o t do ; t h e At o m s m ig h t h it u p o n a
l u cky Se t o f Mo ti o n s , w h ic h , th o it w e r e c afu
’

a l a n d fo rt u it o u s m ig h t h appi ly l ead t h e m t o
,

t h e fo r m i n g O f a
W
o rl d A l u cky h i t i n de e d ,
.

for C ha n ce to fr am e a W
o rld ; But th is is 2
‘
1
v an c e ,m o r e o f e xq u i li te I n v e nti o n an d fit D i f ,

o fi ti o n o f P arts , t h an is i n all t h e T e m p le s , Pa
p
l ac es , Sh ips Th e atr e s , o r an y o t h e r Pie c e s o f Ar
,

c h i te étu r e th e Wo rld e v e r y e t faw : An d n o t Ar

‘

c h i te ftu r e o n ly , b u t a ll o t h e r Me c h an i fm w h at

fo e v er , E n gi n es C lo ck - w o rk , o r an y o t h er , is
,

n o t c o m p ar a bl e to t h e B o dy o f a livi n g C r e a

t u r e S e e i n g t h e n w e ack no w ledg e th e fe ar ti fi
.

c i al Wo r k s , w h e r e fo e v e r w e m ee t w it h t h e m,

t o b e th e E ffec ts o f Wi t, U n der l ta n di n g a n d
’

R e afo n is it n o t m an i feft P arti ali ty , o r St u pi

’
,

dity r at h e r, to d en y t h e Wo r ks o f N at u r e wh ic h ,

e xc e l th e fe i n all D egr e es to pr o c e ed fr o m an ,

i n t e l lig en t Pri n cip l e ? Le

t t h e m t ak e an y Pi e c e

o f h u m an e Ar t o r an y Ma c h i n e fr a m d by th e
’

Wi t o f Man an d c o m p ar e it w it h th e Bo dy o f
,

a n A n i m al e it h e r fo r D i v e r fity a n d Mu lt 1 p l i c i
,

t y o f Wo r k m an lh ip or C u r i o fi ty i n th e m i
,

n u t e P arts o r ju fi C o n n e xi o n a n d D e p e n d an c e
,

o f one T h i n g u p o n an o t h e r o r fit S u b fer v i e n
,

c y to th e E n ds p r o po s d o f L i fe
’
Mo ti o n U fe
, , ,

a n d O r na m e n t to th e C r e at u r e ; a n d i f i n a ll

th e fe R e fp e éts t h e y fin d it fu p e r i o r to a n y Wo rk .

o f h u m an e Pr o d u cti o n (as t h e y c e rt a i n ly m u ll
,

do ) w h y fh o u ld i t b e t h o u g h t to pr o c ee d fr o m
i n fe ri o r an d fe n fe le fs C au fes ? O ugh t w e n o t
i n t h is as w e l l as i n o t h e r Th i n gs
, to p r o ,

p o rti o n th e C au fes to th e EffeCc an d to fp eak ’

,

Tr u t h a n d bri ng i n an h o n e fi V e rdi ct fo r
, D

N at u r e as w e ll as Ar t P .

IN th e C o mpo fiti o n o f a p erfect An i m al t h ere ,

a r e fo u r fe v e r a l Fr a m e s o r C o m p ag e s io i n d to
’

et h e r th e n at u r al v it al an ima l an d g en it a l
g , , ,

L et
Coneer m%th ef m E ear th , a nd Tar adgfie
' '

t
'

rz . .
4 1

L e t th em e x am i n e an y o n e o f th e fe ap art , a n d
i f t h ey c an fin d a n y T h i n g d e fe éti v e o r fu
t ry
an y Way i n e pt fo r Matt e r o r
_

er fl u o u s , o r
p
V
f o r m L e t t h e m i e w th e w h o l e C o m p ag e s o f
.

t h e Bo n es , a n d e fp ec i ally th e ad m ir abl e C o n
fir uéti o n , Te xt u r e, an d D i fpo fiti o n o f t h e Mu f
‘ ’

cl e s, w h ich ar e jo i n d w it h t h em fo r m o vi n g th e
’

B o dy , o r its P arts L et t h e m t ak e an Acco u n t o f

.

th e lit tl e Pip e s an d C o n d u its fo r th e ju i ce s an d

th e L iq u o rs , o f th e ir F o r m a n d D i fir i b u ti o n ; o r

l e t t h e m t a k e an y fin g l e O rg an to ex am i n e , as
th e E y e, o r th e E ar , th e H an d , o r th e H eart : In
e a c h o f th e fe t h e y m ay di fc o v e r fu c h Arg u m e n t s

of W i fdo m , an d o f Ar t, as w ill e it h e r co n
vi n c e th e m , o r c o n fo u n d t h em th o ftill t h ey
’

m u tt l e av e gr e at e r u n di fc o v er d
’
. We k n o w
l ittl e th e i n fen fibl e F o r m an d Co n t ext u r e o f
t h e P arts o f th e B o dy , n or th e ju i t Me t h o d o f
’

th e ir Aéti o n We k n o w n o t y e t t h e Man n e r,
O rd e r an d C au fes o f th e Mo ti o n o f th e H e art,

w h ic h is th e c h i ef Spri n g o f th e wh ol e Ma
c h i n e 5 an d w it h ho w littl e Exaé tn e fs do w e
‘

u n der fia n d th e Br ai n , a n d th e P arts b e l o n gi n g

t o it Wh y o f t h at Te m p er an d o f t h at F o r m :
.

Ho w Mo ti o n s ar e pr o p ag at e d t h er e, an d h o w
co nf e r v d : H o w t h e y an fw er th e fe v e r a l O p e
’

r ati o n s o f t h e Mi n d : Wh fti c h l ittl e D i f

y
c o m p o fu r es o f it di fiu r b o u r S e n fes an d u p
,

o n w h at litt le Di ffe r e n c e s 1 n th is t h e gr e at D i f

fe r en c es o f Wits a n d Gen i u s s d ep e n d
_

Y et
’

fe e ing i n a ll th e fe O rg an s , w h o fe Mak e a n d .

Man n e r o f Aéti o n w e c an n o t di fco v er , w e fe e

ho we v e r by th e Effeé ts, t h at t h e y ar e t ruly
’

fitt ed
 The n ew of the E 11
'
'

HI
‘

'

4 1 2 R r

fitt e d fo r th o fe O ffic e s to w h ic h N at u r e h at h cle 3

-

fig n d t h e m , w e o u g h t i n R e a fo n to ad m ir e t h at
’
-

A r t w h ic h w e c an n o t p en e tr at e . At le ait w e
c an no t b u t j u dg e it a Th i ng a b fu r d t h at w h at ,

w e h av e n o t Wi t en o u g h to fin d o u t o r c o m pre}
h e n d , w e fh o u ld n o t a l lo w to b e a n A rg u m en t
o f Wi t a n d U n de r fian di n g i n th e Au t h o r , o r In
'

v e n to r o f it T h is w o uld b e ag ai n lt all L og i ck ,
.

co m m o n S e n fe , an d c o m m on D eeom m ‘
N ei 1.

t h e r do I th i n k it po ffib le to th e Mi n d o f Man ,
‘

w h il e w e att e n d to Evid e n c e, to b e l i e v e t h at
t h e fe , an d fu c h lik e Wo rks o f N at u r e c am e b y
Ch a n ce, a s t h e y c al l it , o r w it h o u t Pr o vid en c e ;
F o r e c aft an d Wi fdo m , e it h e r i n t h e fir fi C au fe s ,
’

o r i n th e pr o x i m at e 5 i n th e D e li n , o r i n th e
g
E x e c u ti o n 5 i n t h e Pr e p ar ati o n to t h e m , o r i n
t h e fin i lh i n o f t h em
g .

E E
W H R E F 0 R , i n m y Ju dg m en t, i f an y b e
o f t h is Pe r fu afio n , it c an n o t b e fo m u c h th e E f

fe ft o f t h e ir U n der ltan di n g , a s o f t h e ir D i fpofi

o n an d I n cli n ati o n ; an d i n m o r a l T h i n gs , Me n s
‘

O pi n i o n s do as o ft e n fpr i n g fr o m th e o n e, as
fr o m th e o t h e r : F o r m y P art , I do g e n e r al ly
d i lti n g u i lh o f t w o S o rts o f O pi n i o n s i n all Men ,
’

Incli na ti on op i ni ons , an d R eafon d op zni nnr 5 O

’ '
’
- —

pi n i o n s t h at g ro w u p o n Men s C o m p l e xi o ns,
'

a n d O pi n i o n s t h at ar e th e R e fu lts o f t h e ir
"
R e afo n 5 a n d I m e et w it h v e ry fe w t h at ar e o f
a T
'

e m p e r a m e nt ( 0 e q u al , o r a C o n fii tu ti o n fo
e ven d t h t t h y i c li f
’

p o i s , b ut a e n n e t o o n e S e t o

O pi n i o n s r at h er t h an an o t h e r , a n t e c e d e n tl y to
a l l Pr o o fs of R e a fo n And w h e n t h e y h av e
efpou s d t h ei r O i n i onS fr o m t h at fe cr e t Sy m
’
' ‘

p
p a t hy ,
 The Theorj of T H: th e
1 EAR
fide n t i n t h e ir O pi n i o n s m an y t i m es far b ey on d
t h e D e gr e e o f t h e ir Evid e n c e fe e i n g t h e r e a r e
' '

O t h er T h i ngs b efides E v i dcn c e t h at i n cli n e th e

‘

, ,

Wi l l to o n e C o n c lu fto n r at h er t h an a n o th e r .

An d as I h av e i n fl ame d i n n at u r al C o mpl exi o n

’

fo Interefl h at h th e fam e Effeé r u p o n h u m an e ‘

N atu r e b ec au fe it alw ays b eg ets an I n c l inati o n to

,

t h o fe O pi n i o ns t h at fav o u r o u r In te r eft an d a
’
,

D i l n c li n ati o n to th e c o n tr ary An d t h is P r i n ci
i

l e m ay b e a no t h e r I n gr e di e n t an d fe c re t Per
p ,

fu afiv e to Ath e i fm ; fo r w h en Me n h av e r u n
t h e m fe lv e s fo d e e p i n t o Vic e a n d I m m o r ality ,

t h at t h ey ex pe6t n o B e n efit fro m a Go d tis i n a

’
,
’

Man n e r n ece tfar y to t h e ir Qu i e t an d th e Bafe o f ,

t h e ir Mi n d t h at t h e y fh o u l d fan cy t h e r e is n o n e 5
,

fo r t h e y ar e afr aid i f t h e r e b e a G o d t h at h e w il l
, ,

n ot ( l an d n eu t e r an d l et t h e m alo n e i n an o t h e r
,

Wo rld Th is I fay i s n e c elfar y to th e Qi i et o f

.
, ,

t h e ir Mi n d u n le fs t h e y c an att ai n t h at gr e at Ar t
, ,

w h ic h m an y l ab o u r aft e r o f Non , or

a n u nth i n ki n F a cu lt as t o G o d a n d a Wo r l d
g y ,

to co me . Bu t to r e t u rn to o u r Arg u m en t af ,

t er t h is ih o r r D i g r efl i o n
A N D as t h at r e g u lar Di ver li ty w h ich w e
fee i n th e F o r m s o f N at u r e a n d e fp ec i ally i n ,

t h e B o di e s o f An i m als c o u ld n o t b e fr o m a n y
,

b li n d Pri n cip le eit h e r o f Ne c e fii ty o r o f C h an c e 5

,

fo i n th e l alt P l ac e t h at Subor di na ti on w h ic h
,

w e fee i n th e P arts o f N at u r e a n d Su b fer

"

“ ,

v i e n c y to o n e an o t h e r t h e l e fs N o bl e to th e
,

mo r e N o bl e th e I n an i m at e to th e An i m at e
, ,

a n d all T h i n gs u p o n E art h u n t o Man m u ll: ,

n eed s h av e b een th e E ffeét o f fo m e B e i n g .

h ig h e r
 “
Concer ning th e Qr i rn
’
. E a r th, a nd Par adi e .

h ig h e r t h an Matt e r t h at di d w i fe ly di fpo fe alP

'

Th i n gs (0 at fitft, an d d o t h [till c o n ferv e t h e m1 11

th e fam e o rd e r .If Man had b ee n b o r n i n t o th e
W o rld , a n d a n u m e r o u s H o l’
t o f C r ea t u r e s , w it h 5 -

out a n y Pro v i fio n o r Acc o mm o d ati o n m ad e foe

i

t he ir S u b filten c e an d C o n v en i en c es , w e m igh t
’
.

h av e fu fp efi e d t h at th ey h ad c o m e by C h an c e ,
‘
~
,

a n d t h e r e fo r e w e r e (0 ill pr o vid e d fo r : Bu t wh i c h

o f t h e m c an c o m p l ai n ? T h r o t h e ir v ari o u s ki n ds
’

an d o rd e rs , w h at is t h er e a w an ti n g ? T h ey a re
a ll fitt e d to t h e ir fe Ver al E l em e n ts , an d t h e i r
’

w ays o f l ivi n g , Birds , B eall s , an d Fi lli es, b o rh

by th e F o r m an d S h ap e o f th ei r B o di es, th e
/

m an n e r o f t h eir C o v e ri n g , an d th e Qu ality o f
the ir F oo d Befides , t h e y ar e i n fir u éted i n li ti le
.

A rts a n d In fii n éts fo r t h eir C o n fe r v ati o n 5 a n d

n o t o n ly fo r t h e ir pr o p e r C o n fer v ati o n , b u t a l

fo to fin d a w ay to m a k e an d bri n g u p y o u n g
o n e s , an d l e av e b eh i n d t h e m a Po l te r i t y : A n d
’

a ll t h is i n fo fit a Me t h o d , an d by fu c h a pre tt y
,

Tr ai n o f Aéri o n s , as is r eally ad m ir abl e

’
.

M A N is th e Mafl er o f all, a n d o f h i m a
,

d o u bl e C are is t ak en ; t h at h e fh o u ld n e it h e r
’

w an t w h at N at u r e c an a ffo r d , n o r wh at Ar t
ca n fuppl y . He c o u l d n o t b e pr o vid e d o f a l l
C o n v e n i e n c e s by N at u r e o nl y , e fp ec i al ly to
fec u r e h im ag ai n ft th e I n j u ri es o f th e Ai r 5 b u t
'

i n Re c o m p e n c e , N at u r e h at h pr o vid e d Mat e
r i a ls fo r all th o fe Arts w h ic h lh e fa w w o u ld b e ;

n e e d fu l i n h u m a n e L i fe , as B u ildi n g , C lo ath i n g,

N avigati o n , Agric u lt u r e, (s e t h at fo Man e

.

k i n d m ig h t h av e b Oth w h e r e w ith al to a n fw er
t h eir O ccafio ns, an d alfo to e mp lo y t h eir Ti m e , ‘

and
'

4 1 6 Th e Theory f o the E A R r it: '

a n d e x e r c i fe t h e ir I n g e nu ity . Th is O e co nomy
o f N at u r e ,as I m ay c a ll i t o r w e l l o r der i n g o f
,

t h e gr e at F am i ly o f li v i hg C r eat u r e s 1 8 an Arg u ,

m e n t b o t h o f G o o dn e fs an d o f Wi fdo m an d is ,

e v e ry w a far a b o v e th e P o we rs o f Br u t e Matt e r
y .

A ll r eg u l ar Adm i n iftr ati o n we afc r i b e to C o n

d u it a n d J u dg m en t If an Ar my o f Me n b e w e l l
.

p r o vid e d fo r m t h i n gs n e c e ifar y b o t h fo r F o o d
, ,

C lo ath s Ar m s L o dgi n g S e c u rity an d D e fe n c e

, , , ,

fo as n o t h i n g is aw an ti n g i n (0 gr e at a Mu lti
t u d e w e fu ppo fe it th e E ff eét o f C ar e an d F o r e
,

c a ll i n th o fe Pe r fo ns t h at h ad th e C h arg e o f it

Th ey t o o k t h e ir Me afur es a t fir lt c o m p u t e d ‘

an d d t h i g an o t h e r m
’

p p
r o o r t i o n o ne n to a e
d , _

g o o d Reg u l ati o n s and g av e O rd e rs fo r c o u v e

,

n i en t S u ppli e s .An d c an w e fu ppo fe th e gr eat

A r m y o f C r e at u r e s u p o n E art h m an ag e d ,

a n d pr o vid e d fo r w it h l e fs Po r e t h o u g h t a n d -

Pro vid e n c e n ay w it h n o n e at all by m er e

, , ,

C h an c e ? Th is is to r e c e d e fr o m all R u le s a n d
A n a l o gy o f R e afo n o n ly to ferv e a Tu r n a n d
, ,

g r ati fy an u n r e afo n a b l e H u m o u r .

To c o n cl u d e t h is Ar gu m e n t 5 t h e r e ar e two
g en e r al H e ads o f t h i n gs i f I r e c o ll eét arigh t
,
’

w h ic h w e m ak e th e Marks an d C h ar aéte r s o f
Wi fdo m an d R eafo n Wo rks o f A r t a n d th e
, ,

C o n du ét o f Aff a irs o r D i r e é ti o n o f Me an s to ‘

an En d ; a n d w h e r e fo e v e r w e m e e t e it h e r ,

w it h r eg u l ar m at eri al Wo rks o r a r eg u l ar O i ,

d i mari o n o f A ffa irs w e t h i n k w e h av e a g o o d

,

Titl e an d Wa rr an t to d er iv e t h em fr o m an i n
t elli g e n t Au t h o r : N o w t h e fe tw o b e i n g fo un d
i n th e n at u r al Wo r ld a n d t h at i n an e m i n e n t
,

D egr ee ,
4 1 8 Th e Theory of
E A R r H th e
' ’
.

C h ar af te r o f its Mak e r o f h i s P o w e r G o od
’
o
, ,

n e fs a n d Wi fdo m i m pr e fi u p o n it , Ev e ry o n e .

o f t h e m m ig h t w e l l de fe rv e a C h apt e r to it fe l f ,

i f th e S u b je ét w as to b e tr e at e d o n at l arg e ; b u t
th is is o n ly an o cc afio n al D i lfer tatio n to (late th e ,

P o w ers o f Matt er l eft t h ey fh o u ld b e t h o u g h t

,

b o u n dle fs a n d th e A u t h o r o f N at u r e u n n e
,

c e lfar y a s th e E i cu r ea n: pr e t e n d ; b u t n o t
, p
w i th fl an di n g t h e ir v a i n C o n fid e n c e an d C r edu
l iry I defy t h e m o r a n y Man e l fe to m ak e
, , ,

S eu le o f th e m at eri al Wo rld w it h o u t p laci n g ,

a Go d at t h e C e n t e r o f it .

To th e fe C o n fider ati o n s t ak en w h o l ly fr o m ,

th e c o rp o r e al Wo r ld giv e m e l eav e to add ,

o n e o f a m i x d N at u r e c o n c ern i n g th e Uni on
’

o
f ou r Sou l a nd B ody T h is fi r a ng e E ffeé r . i f ’
,

rig h t l y u n d er fl o o d d o t h as tr u ly di fc o v ér th e
,

Au t h o r o f N at u r e as m an y E ffeé ts t h at ar e ,
’

a cc o u n t e d m o r e fu p e r n atur al Th e I n c arn ati .

on a s I m ay fo fay
, o f a fp i r i tu al Su b ftan ce is
,

t o m e a ki n d o f fi an di n g Mir a c l e ; t h at t h e r e

fh o u ld b e fu c h an U n i o n an d C o n n e xi o n r e c i
r o c al ly b e t w ixt th e Mo ti o n s o f th e B o dy d
'

p an ,

t h e Ac ti o n s an d Pafii o n s o f th e S o u l ; b et w ix t
a S u b fia n c e i n te ll e a u al an d a P a rc e l o f o rg a
-

n i z d Matt e r c an b e n o E ffe c t o f e it h e r o f
'

th o fe S u b fian ces ; b e i n g w h o ll y di fli n Ct i n

‘

th em fe lv es a n d r e m o t e i n t h e ir N at u r e s fr o m
,

o n e an o t h e r F or In ftan ce w h en m y Fi n g e r
.
,

is c u t o r w h e n ti s b u rn t t h at m y S o u l t h er e
,
’

u p o n fh o u ld fe e l fu ch a fm ar t an d vi o l en t P ai n ,

is n o C o n feq u en c e o f N at u re o r d o e s n o r fo l ,

l o w fr o m an y C o n n ex i o n t h er e is b et w ixt th e
Mo ti on
Concer ni ng the Tr i na E ar th ,
“
a nd Pa r a di
.
/ é .
4 1 9

Mo ri o n o r D i vi fio n o f t h at Pi e c e o f Matt e r I c all
,

m y Fi n g e r , a n d t h e Pa fii o n o f t h at Spirit I c al l
m y S o u l ; fo r th e fe ar e t wo d i ll i n O t Elfe n c e s , a n d

i n t h e m fe lves i n d e p e n d e n t u p o n o n e an o t h e r , as
m u c h as th e S u n an d m y B o dy ar e i n d ep e n d en t ;
a n d t h e r e is n o m o r e R e afo n i n fi r i ét N at u r e, o r

i n th e e ffe n t i a l C h a i n o f C a u fes an d Eff eéi s , t h at

m y S o u l fh o u ld fu lf e r, o r b e a ff e éte d w it h t h is
’

Mo ti o n i n th e Fi n g er , t h an t h at th e S u n fh o u ld
-

b e affe é te d w it h it 5 n ay , t h er e is l e s e a fo n , i f
’

l e fs c an b e, fo r t h e S u n b e i n g c o rp o r e al , as th e
Fi n g e r is , t h e r e is fo m e r em o t e Po fli b i li ty t h at
t h er e m ig h t b e C o m m u n ic ati o n o f Mo ti o n b e
t w ixt t h e m 5 b u t Mo ti o n c a n n o t b eg et a Th o u gh t,
o r a Pa th o n by its o w n F o rc e ; Mo r i o n c an b eg e t
,

n o t h i n g b u t Mo ti o n , an d i f it fh o u ld p ro d u c e a

Th o u gh t , th e Effe é t w o u ld b e m o r e n o bl e t h an
’

th e G au fe . Wh e r efo r e t h is U n i o n is n o t by a n y
N ec e fl i ty o f N at u r e , b u t o n ly fr o m a po fiti v e i n
fl i tu ti o n o r D e cr e e, efta b l i lh d by t h e Au t h o r o f
’ ’

N at u r e, t h at t h e r e fh o u ld b e fu c h a C o mm u n i c a
ti o n b e t w ixt th efe t w o Su b fian ce s fo r a ti m e,
vi z
‘
.d u ri n g th e Vit ality o f th e B o dy .

’
Tr s tr u e i n d eed , i f Th o u g h t, App r eh en fio n , ‘

an d R e a fo n , w as n o t h i n g b u t c o rp o r e a l Mo

ti o n , t h is A rg u m e n t w o u ld b e o f n o F o rc e ;
b u t t o fu ppo fe t h is , is t o a d m it a h A b fu r di ty
-

t o c u r e a Di ffic u lty 5 to m a k e a T h o u gh t o u t
o f a l o c al Mo ti o n is lik e m aki n g a G o d o u r

o f a St o ck , o r a St o n e 5 fo r th e fe t w o a r e as

r e m o t e i n t h e ir N at u r e, a n d h av e as di ffe r e n t
Ide as i n th e Mi n d , as an y t wo de fp er ate
Th i ngs w e c an pro po fe o r c o n c e iv e ; Nu m b e r
Ee a . and
 Th e Theory ofEARr H th e .

a n d C o lo u r a T ri an g le an d Virt u e Fr e e w i ll and
, ,
-

a Pyr am i d ar e n o t m o r e u n lik e m o r e di ll an t o r
, , ,

o f m o r e di ff e r en t F o r m s t h an T h o u g h t an d l o c al
,

Mo ti o n Mo ti o n is n o t h i n g b u t a B o dy s c h an g
.
’

i ng its Pl a c e a n d Sit u ati o n am o n g ft o t h e r Bo

’

d i es a n d w h at A ffin ity o r R e fe m b l an c e h at h th at
,

to a T h oug h t ? Ho w is t h at l ik e to P a i n o r to a ,

D o u bt o f t h e Mi n d To H o p e o r t o D efir e 2 To
t h e Idea o f G o d ? T o an y Adi o f t h e W il l o r U n

der fian di n g a s j u dgi n g c o n fe n ti n g r e a fo n i n g

, , , ,

r e m e m b r i n g o r an y O t h e r ? T
, h e fe ar e Th i n gs o f
fe v er al O rd e rs t h at h av e n o Si m ilit u d e n or an y ,

Mixt u r e o f o n e an o t h er An d as t h is is th e N a
.

t u r e o f Mo ti o n (0 o n th e o t h e r H an d i n a
Thoug ht t h e r e ar e t wo Th i ngs Confei oufnef:
, , ,

a n d a R e r e enta ti on ; C o n fc i o u f ne fs is i n al l
p f
Th ou g h ts i n di ffer ent ly w h et h er di ll i n ét o r co n
,
‘

fu s d fo r n o Man t h i n ks b u t h e is c o n fc i o u s t h a t
’
’

h e t h i n ks n o r p e rc e iv e s an y Th i n g b u t h e is c o n
,

fc i o u s t h at h e p erc e iv e s it 5 t h e r e is a l fo i n a
Th o u g h t e fpe c i ally i f it b e di fii n ét a R epr e fe n
, ,

r ati o n 5 tis t h e I m ag e o f t h at w e t h i n k u p o n a n d
’

m ak e s its O bj e é ts pr e fe n t t o t h e Mi n d
’
No w .

w h at h at h l o c a l Mo ti o n to do wit h e it h e r o f
th e fe C o n fc i o u fn e fs o r R epr e fe n tati v e
t wo ,
n e fs ? Ho w d o t h it i n cl u d e e it h e r o f t h e m , o r

h o ld t h e m an y w ay affix d to its N at u r e ? I t h i n k
’

o n e m ay w it h as g o o d S e n fe an d R e afo n a s k

o f w ha t C o l o u r a T h o u g h t is , G r e e n o r Sc ar
l e t , a s w h at S o rt o f Mo ti o n it is 5 fo r Mo ti o n
o f w h at S o rt fo ev er c an n e v e r b e c o n fc i o u s ,
’

n o r r e r e fe n t T h i gs T h g h ts d I h v e
p n as o u r o u o a .

n o t e d t h u s m u c h i n g en er al o n l y to {h ow th e
,

di ffer en t
4 2 2. Th Th e ry of
e o th e EAR T HI
Bu t as fo r o t h e r fu p er n atu r al E ffe éts
‘
fio r y .

t h at ar e n o t r e c o rd e d t h e r e , w e h av e R e afo n
to e x a m i n e t h e m m o r e fir i étly b e fo r e w e t e
’

c e i v e t h e m , at l e aft as to p artic u l ar In fl a n ces

’

fo r I am ap t to t h i n k t h e y ar e l ik e L o tt eri e s,
w h e r e t h e r e ar e te n o r t w en ty B la n ks fo r o n e
Pri z e ; b u t yet i f t h er e w er e n o Pri z e s at a ll,
th e L o tt e ry w o u l d n o t h av e C r e dit to fu b fili ,
an d w o u ld b e c r y d d o w n a s a p e r fect C h eat ;
’

S o i f a m o n g fl th o fe m an y St o ri e s o f Pr o digi e s ,
App ariti o n s , a n d Witc h cr afts , t h e r e w e r e n o t
fo m e tr u e , th e v e ry F a m e an d Th o u g h t o f
t h e m w o u ld di e fr o m a m o n g lt Men , an d th e
’

fir ft Br o ac h e rs o f t h e m w o u ld b e h oo t e d at as
C h e ats As a falfe R e l igi o n , t h at h at h n o t h i n g
.

tr u e a n d fo li d m i x d w it h it , can fcar c e b e
’

fix d u p o n Ma n ki n d ; b u t w h e r e t h e r e is a
’

Mixt u r e o f tr u e an d falfe, th e Str en gt h o f th e

W
_

o n e fu p po r ts th e e ak n e fs o f th e o t h e r . As
fo r S o rc e ry , t h e In fl an c es a n d Ex am p l e s o f it
a r e u n d e n i a bl e 5 n o t fo m u c h th o fe fe w fc at

t er d In fia n c e s t h at h app e n n o w an d t h e n am o n g
’

u s , b u t fa c h as a r e m o r e c o n fian t, a n d i n a

m an n e r N ati o n a l , i n fo m e C o u n t r i e s , an d a
m o n g ff b arb a r o u s P eo pl e Be fides , th e O r a cl e s ,
.

a n d th e Ma i c k t h at w as fo fr e q u e n t am o n ll th e
g g
A n ci e n ts , th e w u s t h at t h e r e h av e b e e n al w ays
fo m e P o w e rs m o r e t h an H u m an e, t am p e ri n g
w it h th e Affairs o f Man ki n d . Bu t t h is To pick
fr o m E ffeé ts , e xtr ao rdi n ary an d fu p er n atu r al,
’

b ei n g i n a g re at m eafu r e Hilto r i cal, an d r e fpe ft

’

i n g e vil Spiri ts as w e ll as th e A u t h o r o f N at u r e,
'

is n o t fo pr o p e r for th i s P l ac e .

“
TH R E E
Concer ni ng the Tr i na E a r th , a nd . Ta adif '

r e .
4 25

THE R E is a t h ird Set o r H e ad o f Arg um en ts ,

t h at to fo m e Te m p ers ar e m o r e c o g e n t an d can
v i éti v e t h an an y o f th e fe n am e ly A rg u m e n ts
, ,

A hjl ra ci an d Metap hjfica l An d th e fe do n o t

' ‘
z
,

o n ly l e ad u s to a n A u t h o r o f N at u r e i n g en e r al ,

b u t ib e w u s m o r e o f h i s Pr o p e rti e s an d Pe r fe é ti ’

o n s ; r e r e fe n t h i m to u s as a fu r e m e D e ity i
.
p p n ,

fin it e ly p e r fe ct th e F o u n t ai n o f all B e i n g an d th e
, ,

fi eady C en t e r o f all Th i n gs Bu t R eafo n s o f t h is

.

O rd e r b e i n g o f a fin e r Th r e ad r eq u ir e m o r e Ar
,

t e n ti o n a n d fo m e Pr e p ar ati o n o f Mi n d to m ak e
,

u s di fce r n t h e m w e l l an d b e d u ly fe n fib le o f t h e m .

Wh e n a Man h ath w it h dr aw n h i m felf fro m th e

No i fe o f t h is b u fy Wo rld l o ck d u p h i s S en fes
.
’

a n d h i s Pafii o n s an d e v e ry t h i n g t h at w ou l d
,

u n it e h i m w it h it ; c o m m an d e d a g e n e r al Si le n c e

i n th e S o u l a n d fu ffe r s n o t a Th o u g h t to fl ir
, ,
'

b u t w h at l o o ks i n w ards 5 l et h i m t h en r efl efi:
fe r i o u fly, a n d as k h i m fe l f, t a t a m I, an d
How ca me I i nto B ei ng If I was Aut h o r an d
‘

O rigi n a l to m y felf, fu r e ly I o u g h t to fe e l t h at
m ig h ty P o wer, an d en j o y th e Pl e afu r e o f it ;
‘

b u t, a l as , I am c o n fc i o u s o f n o fu c h Fo r c e o r
Virt u e, n o r o f any t h i n g i n m y N at u r e, t h at
fh ou ld giv e m e n e ceffar y E x ifie n ce 5 it h at h
n o C o n n e xi o n w it h an y p ar t o f m e , n o r a n y

F a cu lty i n m e , t h at I c an di fcer n A nd n o w .

t h at I do e x i lt, fro m w h at C au fes fo e ver, Ca n

‘

I fecu r e on] fielf i n Bei ng No w t h at I am i n

Po lfe fii o n , a m I fu r e to k e e p it ? Am I c e rt ai n
t h at t h r ee Mi n u t e s h e n c e I {h all ifi ll e x i ft ?
’

I m ay o r I m ay n o t, fo r o u gh t I fee ; e ith e r
feem s po fii b le i n i t fel f, and eit h er is c o n ti n
g t
e n
 The Thewy f o the E A R
'

TH .

g en t as to m e ; I fin d n o t h i n g i n m y N at u re
t h at can w arr an t m y Su b fl an c e fo r o n e D ay fo r ,

o n e Hour ,fo r o n e Mo m en t l o n g e r I am no .

t h i n g b u t Th o u g h tsfi c c ti ng Th o u g h ts th at c h afe ,

a n d e X ti n g u i lh o n e a n o t h e r ; a n d m y B e i n g fo r ,

o u g h t I k n o w is fu c c e fii v e a n d a s dyi n g as t h e y
, ,

ar e a n d r e n e w d to m e e v e ry Mo m e n t
,
’

Th is I .

a m fa r e o f t h at fo fa r as I k n o w m y fe lf an d
, ,

a m c o n fc i o u s w h at I a m t h e r e is n o Pri n cip le
,

o f I m m u t a bility o r o f n e c e ifar y a n d i n de fcé ti

'
’
,

b l e E x i fie n c e i n m y N at u r e 5 an d t h e r e fo r e I
o u g h t i n R e a fo n t o b eli e v e t h at I [lan d o r fal l
,

a t t h e Me rcy o f o t h e r C au fe s a n d n o t by m y
‘

o w n Wil l o r m y o w n S u ffici e n cy
, .

B ES I DE S I am v er y fe n fi b le an d i n t h is I can
, ,

n o t b e m i fiak e n t h at m y N at u r e is i n fe v er al
,

R e fp eéts w e ak an d i m p e r fe éi b o t h as to Wi ll ,

a n d U n d e r ii a n di n g I hVi l/ m an y Th i n gs i n
.

v ai n a nd w it h o u t e ffef t a n d I Wi lh o ft en w ha t
’
,

I h av e n o Ability to e x e c u t e o r o bt ai n An d .

a s t o m y U n de r l tan di n g h o w de feéti v e is it ?
’
,

Ho w l i ttle o r n o t h i n g do I k n o w i n C o m p ar i fo n
o f w h ar l a m ig n o r a n t o f A l m o i t a ll t h e i h ’

t el le étu al Wo rld is {h u t u p to m e a n d th e far ,

g r eate ft P art o f th e c o rp o r e al ; an d i n th o fe
Th i n gs t h at fall u n d e r m y C o g n i z an c e h o w ,

o ft e n a m I m i fiak e n ? I a m c o n fin d to a n ar
’

r o w S p h e r e an d y e t w it h i n t h a t Sp h e r e I o ft e n
,

e r r ; m y C o n c epti o n s o f T h i n gs a r e o b fcu r e
a n d c o n fu s d m y R e afo n ih o r r i i g h te d ; I am
’
-
,

fo r c d o ft en to co r r eé tm y fel f o r to ack n o w l edg e

’
‘
,

t ha t I h av e ju dg d falfe an d co n fen te d to an
’

Err o r In fu m all m y P o w ers I fin d ar e l im it e d

.
, ,

an d
’

4 26 The Theory of the E A R T HI

a nd o rigi n al Pe r feéi io n it finds a fir m an d i m 3
,
-

m o v abl e G r o u n d to fi an d u p o n th e fi eady

C e n tr e o f all B e i n g w h er e i n th e Mi n d w its
,

a n d is fati sfic d All t h e Scr u pl e s o r O bi ce

.

t i o n s t h at w e m o v d ag ai n fi o u r fel v e s o r 0
’

t h e r C r e at u r es t ak e n o P lace h er e : Th is Be
,

i ng is c o n fc i ou s o f an A ll fu ffic i e n cy i n i t fe lf ,

a n d o f I m m u t a bi lity as t o a n y T h i n g e lfe ; i n
c l u di n g i n it a ll th e C a u fe s o f E x i fie n c e o r to , ,

fp e ak m o r e pr o p e rly all N e c e fl i ty o f Ex i lten ce ’

, .

B e fzde s t h at w e ex ijf onr felv er n o tw i th ftan d

, ,
’

Im p e r fe éti o n a n d In fu fli c i en cy o f o u r
’

i ng th e

N at u r e , is a ju ft, c o l later alPr o o f o f th e Ex i fien ce,

of t h is fu pr cm e B e i n g ; fo r fu ch an Effeét as t h is
c a n n o t b e w it h o u t its G au fe an d it c an h av e n o
,

o t h e r c o m p e t e n t G au fe b u t w h at w e m en ti o n .

A n d as t h is B ei n g is its o w n O rigi n fo it m u fi ,

n ee ds b e c ap abl e o f pr o d u ci n g all C r e at u r e s ;

fo r wh at fo e v e r is p o fl i b le m u ft b e po fii b l e to
’
,

i t an d t h at C r e at u r es o r fin it e B e i n gs are p o f
fi b le w e bo t h fe e by Exp eri e n c e an d m ay a lfo
, ,

di fc e rn by R e afo n ; fo r th o fe fe v eral D egr e e s

o f Pc r fe é ti o n o r L i m it ati o n s o f it w h ic h w e
’
,

m en ti o n d b e fo r e ar e a ll co n fifien t N o ti o n s
’

, ,

a n d c o n feq u e n tly m a k e c o n ftften t N at u r e s and ,

fu c h as m ay e x i ft b u t c o n ti n g e n tly i n d e ed an d ,

i n D ep e n d an c e u p o n th e fit ii C au fe .

THU S w e ar e c o m e at l e n gt h to a fair R e fo lu
ti o n o f t h at gr eat Qi e ii i on Whenr e w e a r e , ,

a n d h ow w e c o n ti n u e i n B e i n g ? A n d t h is h at h

l e d u s by an e afy A fc en t to t h e fu p t e m e Au
t h o r o f N at u r e an d th e fir it C an fo o f a ll t h i n gs 5
,

a n d pr efen ts u s al fo w it h fu ch a Sc h e m e an d
Dr au g h t
Concer ni ng the Pr i nt E ar th
‘
.
, a nd Tar aai/e ’
.
4 a7

Dr au gh t o f th e U n i v er fe as is cl e ar an d r ati o n al
.
,

e v e ry t h i n g i n its O rd e r a n d i n its Pl ac e a cc ord

, ,

i n g to th eD i g n i ty o f i ts Natu r e an d t h e Str en gt h ,

o f its Pri n cipl e s Wh en th e Mi n d h at h r ai s d i t

.
’

fe lf i n t o t h is Vi e w of a B e i n g i n fin it e ly p e r fe ét ,
’
tis i n a R e gi o n o f L ig h t h at h a fr e e Pr o fp eét e
,

v e ry Way an d fe e s a ll T
, h i n gs fr o m To p to Bo t
t o m a s p e rvi o u s an d tr an fp ar e n t W h e r e as w it h
,

.
,

o ut d a n d a fir l t C au fe
’
t h e r e is n o t h i n g b u t
,

D ar k n e fs an d C o n fu fio n i n th e Mi n d an d i n Na ,

t u r e br o k e n Vi ew s o fTh i n g s ib o rt i n t err u pt e d ,

G li m p fes o f L ig h t n o t h i n g c ert ai n o r d e m o n
,

fi r ati v e n o Ball s o f Tr u t h n o Ext e n t o f Th o u g h t

, , ,

n o S ci e n c e n o C o n t em p lati on
, .

Y o u w il l fay it m ay b e tis tru e fo m eth i n g

’

, , ,

m u ll b e eter nal, an d o f neoefih ry E x ifl en ee, b u t

w h y m ay n o t Ma tter b e t h is e t er n a l n e c elfar y
B e i n g ? Th en o ur S o u ls an d all o th er In telle c_
t u al Th i n gs m u lt b e P arts an d P arc e ls o f Mat
’

t er ; an d w h at Pr e te n fio n s c an Matt e r h av e to
th o fe Pr o p erti e s an d Per feé ti o n s t h at w e fin d i n
’

o u r S o u ls , h o w li m it e d fo ev er ? Muc h l e fs t o

neeefia ry E x ifienee, a n d t h o fe Pe r fe fiti o n s t h at

a r e t h e F o u n d ati o n o f it ? Wh at e x i fl s e t e r n al

l y, an d fr o m it felf, its Ex i fie n c e m u lt fl o w
’

i m m edi at e ly fr o m its Effen c e, as its G au fe,

.

R eafo n , o r G r o u n d fo r a s E x i ften c e h at h a l
w ays fo m eth i ng a n t e c e d en t to it i n O rd er o f
N at u r e, to t h at w h ic h is an t e c ed e n t to it , m u lt
i n fe r it by a n ec effar y C o n n exio n , an d fo m ay
'
'

b e c all d th e C au fe, G r o u n d , o r R e a fo n o f it
’
.

A n d n o t h i n g c a n b e fu ch a G r o u n d , b u t w h at
i s a Pe r feéti o n ; n o r ev ery Per feCti o n n eit h e r ,
a. it
 Th e Theory of
.

EA R
'

th e
‘

H
’

4 28 I .

it m u ll b e fo v er e i g n an d i n fin it e Per feéi io n for

fr o m w h at e lfe c an n e c effar y E x i li e n c e fl o w o r ,

b e i n fer d ? Befides i f t h at B e i n g w as n o t i n fin i te
’

l y p er feét t h e r e m ig h t b e an o t h e r B e i n g mo r e
,

p o w e r fu l t h an it a n d co n feq u en tly ab le to 0 p
,

p o f e an d h i n d e r its E x i i te n c e ; a n d w h at m ay b e
’

h i n de r d is co n ti n g e n t an d arbitr ary No w Ma t
’

t er is fo far fr o m b e i n g a N at u r e i n fin it e ly p e r feft ,

t h at it h at h n o Per feéti o n at all b u t t h at o f b ar e ,

S eth/ta m e 3 n e it h e r L i fe S e n fe Wi ll o r U n d e r , ,

fi an di n g ; n o r fo m u c h as Mo ti o n fr o m it fe lf ; as
we h av e {h ew d b e fo r e A n d t h e r e fo r e t h is br u t e
’ ‘

i n aéi i v e Mafs w h i ch is b u t as it w er e th e Dr u dg e
, , ,

o f N at u r e c an h av e n o R i g h t o r T
, it le to t h at
fo v er e ig n P rer o g ati v e o f S e l f e x i lte n c e -
.

W E n o t e d b e fo r e as a Th i n g agr e ed u p o n , ,

t h a t fh rneth i n or oth er rn nfl needs he E ter na l

g .

F o r i f ev e r t h e r e w as a Ti m e o r St at e w h e n t h er e
w as n o b e i n g t h e r e n e v e r c o u ld b e an y S e e i n g
, .

N oth i ng c o u ld n o t pr o d u c e Someth i ng Th e r e .

fo r e tis u n d en i ably tr u e o n all H an ds t h at th e r e

’

w as fo m e B e i n g fr o m Et e r n ity No w a cc o rdi n g .
,

t o o u r U n derfi an di n g T r u th is E ter na l : T
, h er e
fo r e fay w e fo m e i n te lleét o r i n t e l lig e n t B e i n g
, , .

S o a l fo th e R eafo ns o f Goodn ef s an d j njti ee ap

p ear to u s Et er n al ; an d t h e r efo r e fo m e go o d a n d
j u ii: B e i n g is Et e r n a l T h u s m u c h.is p l a i n t h a t ,

t h e fe Per fe éti o n s w h ic h b e ar th e Sig n at u r e s o f

E t er n ity u p o n t h e m ar e Th i n gs t h at h av e n o Re
,

l ati o n to Ma tter b u t r e lat e i m m edi at ely to an i n

,

t e ll e Ctu al B e i n g : Th e r efo r e fo m e fa c h B e i n g to ,
,

w h o m t h e y o rigi nal ly b e lo n g m u fi b e t h at E ter ,

na l Befides We c an no t o fii b l y b u t j u dg e fu c h a
.
, p
7 . B ei ng
 Th e Theory of E AR T Hth e .

r e m edi le fs a s to h u m an e P o w e r w e fe e m to ,

a pp e a l an d addr e fs o u t fe lv es to fo m e th i n g h ig h

er . An d t h is w e do by a fu dden Im p u lfe o f
N at u r e w it h o u t R efl e xi o n o r D elib e r ati o n Be
, .

fide s as Wi tn elfes o f o u r F a it h an d V e r acity

, ,

w e u fe to i n v o k e th e G o ds o r fu p er i o r P o w ers
, ,

by Way o f I m pr e c ati o n u p o n o u r fe lves i f w e ,

b e fal fe a n d p er ju r d a n d t h is h at h b e en u s d i n
’ ’

m o lt N ati o n s an d Ag e s i f n o t i n al l
, Th e fe .

Th i n gs al fo arg u e t h at t h e r e is a n at u r al C o n
,

fc i e n ce i n Ma n an d a D i ll i n éi i o n o f m o r al
,

G ooa a n d E v i l ; an d t h at w e l o o k u p o n th o fe
’

i n v i li b l e P o w e rs as t h e G u ardi an s o f Virt u e an d
Ho n efty Th er e ar e alfo fe w o r n o P eo pl e u p
’
.

o n th e E a rt h b u t h av e fo m eth i n g o f e xt e r n a l R e

l i g i o n tr u e o r fa lfe ; a n d e it h e r o f t h em is an
,

A rg u m en t o f t h is n at u r a l A n ticip ati o n o r t h at ,

t h ey h av e an O pi n i o n t h at th er e is fo m eth i n g
a b o v e t h em a n d a b o v e v i fi b l e N at u r e ; th o
’

w h at t h at fomethi ng w as t h e y fel do m w e r e a b l e
,

t o m ak e a g o o d J u dg m en t Bu t to p u r fu e t h is
.

A rg u m en t p artic u l arly w o u l d r e q u ir e an h i fio
,

t ic a l D e d u c ti o n o f Ti m e s a n d Pl ac e s w h ich ,

is not fu i tab l e t o o u r pr e l e n t D efig n .

To c o n c lu d e t h is C h apt e r an d t h is S u b jeCt
i f w e fe t R e ligi o n a p art, a n d c o n fi d e r th e D e
i ll an d Ath e i ll o n ly as t wo S eCts i n Ph i l o fo ph y,
o r t h e ir D o étr i n e as tw o di ff e r en t f ly oth e es
p f /

s d fo r t h e E xp l ic ati o n o f N at u r e , a n d
’

p pr o o

i n C o m p etiti o n w it h o n e an o t h er , w h e t h e r
flao u i d giv e t h e m o r e r ati o n al A cc o u n t of th e
U n i v er fe, o f its O rigi n an d h a nornena ? I fay T
i f w e co n fider t hem o n ly th u s, an d m ak e a n
i rn p ar ti al
Concer ning th e Tr i m E a r th , and Par a difi
. .
4 3t

i m p arti al Efi i m atc wh et h e r Syfiem is m o r e r e a

fo n ab le m or e c le ar an d m o r e fati s faéto r y ; to
, ,

m e t h e r e fee m s to b e n o m o r e C o m p ar i fon
t h an b et w ixt L igh t an d D ar k n e fs Th e Hfp o .

f t h e D e l ft r e ac h e t h fr o m T
th e h r o o
p t o B o t
to m b o t h t h r o u g h th e i n te llefi u al an d m at e
,

ri al Wo r ld w it h a cl ear an d dilti n ét L ig h t
,
‘ ’

e v e ry w h e r e ; is g e n u i n e c o m r e h en fiv e
, p a n d ,

fati s fafto r y h at h n o t h i n g fo r c d n o t h i n g co n
’

n o t h i n g pr e c a ri o u s ; w h e r eas t h e H o
yp
o f th e A t h e i lt is fir ai n d a n d br o k e n d ar k
‘ ’

a n d u n e afy t o th e Mi n d c om mo n ly pr e c ari
,

Ou s ; o ft en i n c o n gr u o u s an d irr ati o n al an d ,

fo m eti m e s p lai n ly ridic u l o u s A n d t h is J u dg

.

m e n t I fh o u ld m ak e o f t h e m ab fir aé tly fr o m
‘

th e In te r e lt o f R e ligi o n c o n fider i n g t h e m o u
,

l y as Matt e r o f R eafo n an d Ph i lo fo ph y And .

I d ar e a ffir m w it h Alfur an c e i f th e F ac u lti e s ,

o f o u r S o u ls b e tr u e t h at n o Man c an h av e a
,

Syfie m o f T h o u g h ts r e ac h i n g t h o r o u g h N at u r e ,

co h eren t an d co m men t i n ev ery P art w it h o u t ,

a D eity for th e Ball s o f it .

C HA R
 Th e T
heory of th e E r A R H
" ‘

C H A P . XI .

C o ncern i ng N A TU R A L PR O V I D E N C E .

Sev er a l Iner oa eh mentr np on na tnr a l Tr otti

denee, or Mifi epr efi nta ti ons of i t, a nelf a lfi ’

Meth ods of Contemp la ti on a t tr ue Meth od .

a n d a tr u e R e r ejenta ti on o th e U
p f
n i v erfie T h e Ma na a ne Id ea, a nd th e u ni v er
’ -

T
.

f a l Sjfi em o f r
’
ov i a en ee S ev er a l nhor a i
/
’

Th a t of oa r E a r th a nd fnhln
.

n a te Sj /temr
Th e Conrfie a na Ter i odr of i t
.

’
n a rj hVor la
’
. .

How ma ch of thi s i s a lr ea aj tr ea tea of, and

f
’

w h a t r ema i ns h e Coneln
.
fin T
o .

B h av e fet B o u n ds to N at u r e i n th e
fo r e g o i n g C h apt er , an d p lac d h e r
’

Au t h o r an d G o v er n o r u p o n h i s Th r on e, t o
'

r Mo ri o n s , a n d to d ir e ét a n d
'

g iv e L aw s to h e

l i m it h e r P o w e r i n fu c h W
a ys an d Me t h o ds as

a r e m o lt fo r h i s H o n ou r L e t u s n o w c o n fider
.

N at u re u n d er th e C o n d uct o fPr ov i den ce,o r c o ni .

fi d e r Na tu r a l g r oiti tlenoe, an d th e Ext e n t o f it ;

’

a n d as w e w e r e c au ti o u s b e fo r e n o t to giv e to o

m u c h P o w e r o r G r eat n e fsto N at u r e, c o n fider d

'
’

ap art fr o m P r o vid en c e ; fo we m u ll b e c ar efu l

n o w , u n d er th i s fe c o n d C o n fider ati on , n o t to
,
.

c o n tr aét h e r B o u n ds to o m u ch ; l e ft w e fh o u ld,

by to o m e an an d n arr o t h Ou g h ts o f th e C r ea
ti on , e c li p fe th e Glo r y o f its Au t h o r, w h o m w e
h av e ( 0 lat el y o wn d as a Bei n g i nfin it el y Per fe ét
’

AN D
4 34 The T
h ory of the E A R T H: e

F o l ly an d Si n , an d th en g o d o w n to th e R egi o n s
’

o f D e a th a n d Mi fe t A d is it lli b l e t o be
'

y : n p o .
-

l i e v e th at all N at u r e an d a ll Pr o vid en c e a r e o n ly
, ,

o r p ri n c i all y fo r t h ei r fak e ? Is it n o t a m o r e
‘

p l

r e a fo ri ab le C h ar afl e r o r C o n cl u fio n w h i c h t h e

Pr o p h et h at h m ade Sa rel) e ver] Man n s Va ni ty ?

'

'
,

Man t h at c o m es i n t o t h e Wo r ld ar th e Pl eafu r e
o f an o t h e r a n d g o e s o u t by a n h u n dr e d A cci
,
.

d e n ts ; h is Birt h an d Ed u ca ti o n g e n e r ally d e t e r
m i n e h i s F at e h e r e a n d n e it h e r o f t h o l e ar e i n
, ,
-

h i s o w n P o w e r ; h i s W i t alfo is as u n c er tai n a s
h is F o rt u n e ; h e h at h no r t h e mo u ldi n g o f hi s .

o w n Br a i n h o w e v er a K no c k o n th e H e ad m ak e s
'

h im a F o ol; li up i d as th e Be afis p f th e Fi eld an d

‘

' ’

a littl e E x c efs o f Pafii o n o r Me lan c h o ly m ak e s

h i m w o r fe , Ma d a n dF r an ti ck In h i s b eli S en fes
'

h e i s ih all o w , an d o fs l i ttle U n de r li an di n g an d
'

“
i n n o t h i n g m o r e b li n d an d ig no r an t th an i n
.
' :

Th i n gs facr ed an d divine h e fal ls d o wn b efo r e ‘

a St o ck o r a St on e, an d fays , T h ou ar t m y G od ;
h e c an b e li ev e No n fen fe a n d C o n tr adi fi i o n s mn d
'

'

m ak e it h i s R eli g i o n z t o do (0 A nd is t h is th e .

gr eat C r ea t u r e wh i c h Go d h at h m ad e h] t he .

T
Mig h t of h i s ow er , a nd f or the Honour of h i s
.

Meyefl r 9U p b n wh o m all Th i n g s m ull w ai t , to

.

wh o m al l Th i n gs m ull b e fu b fet v i en t ? Met h i n k s

'

w e h av e : n o t e d \V e a k n effe s a n d F o lli e s e n o u g h
.
-

i n th e N at u r e o f Ma n t h is n e e d n o r b e add e d
'

a s th e T o p a n d A c co m p lilh m en t , h a t wi th i a ll
‘

T
t h efie h e i s o v a in a s to thi nk th a t a ll th e r e o
[
f

fif
'

th e I/Vor lel w a s ma de or h i s it/re

f f .

A ND a s du e H u m ilit
y an d th e C o n fi der ati o n

o f o ur o wn Me an nefs ou g h t to fecur e u s from .

4 any
 Ti mE any T
‘

Concer ni ng th e a r thg ataoli e

‘

x
r . .
a3 5

h
Y '

any fuch Pe r
l

Va n O i ni o n o f o ttr fe lVe s , fo ’
'
'
l
‘ ’

r
p t e

fe tl i o n o f o th e r B e i ngs o u h t t o giv e u s more g

R efp e ét an d on o u t fo r th é m
'
‘
H “
it h W at F ac e
'
’
. W
c a n w e r e t e n d t h at C r e atur es far fu pe r i o r to i1
'
' ' '

p
‘

i
a n d mor e e xc e ll e nt b o t h inN af a r e and C otid
'

“
’

tio n , fh elul d b e m ad e for o hr S ak e an d Serv ic e 1 ' '

'
‘
'

I ‘ '
.

Ho w Prepo fierous Wo u ld it b e to a fc r i be fue h ’ l

a5
’

* r

t h i n g to o ue Mak e r alr d h W i ntole r ab lé a V !

'
'
‘
'
‘ '
‘
,

n i ty i nu s t o afl h ét i t ?
’ '
Wer hai li r e ne x t to 1
t he:
Bt u re s th a -
by a
w o u ld iti a k e
v ou t fe li e s t h or e c o n l tle eab l eth an
’ '
t ’

"
t h e h 1 h e fi D l n 1 t1 es It is th o u g h i to h ai l e hti en
l
g
“
o

th e C r i m e o f L ire fer , w W as th rown doWh

I '

i h b i :

ft hm Heav en to Hen; th at h le alfe ét é d

’
‘ ’

t y wit h th e A l m 1 g h ty , an d ed afrcn 1 0 Be next to

'
1

t h e Al m 1 h ty IS a C r i me next to t h at We fin e
0
.
v

n o R e afo n to bel i e v e hu et lt élt{t h erear e , at Fé alt,

as m an y O rd e r s of B e i ngs a bo e u s ; as there ar i:
/ L ‘ ’

y
R anks o f C reaifur es b el o w tlé t h er e is a gr ea t er
“ ’ '

“
D i li an c e fur e b et w ixt u s an d G o d A l m igh t y
' ‘ ”
' f

t ha n t h er e 1 3 b etwixt u s an d thei hean e li Wo r th

“ '

a n d ye t w e fh ou ld t ake rt; v eryi l l, i f th e orms W

o f t h e E art h {h o u l d pr e t en d t h at w e wer e m ad e
fo r t h em Bu t to p afs fr o m t h e i n vi li b le Wo rl d
.
‘ ‘

to t h e v i ftb le a n d c o r p o rea lL
W A 5 t h at m ad e o n ly for out fa k e
tti a w as mor e w fe , a t1 d m o r e j u li b
’ '

i l i

t an ts or t h em m u c ’

w e ar e ; an d r e ck o ns up o n l y t ér t efi r ial T
y

h i ng s
b M mw w t h en b e
’

i f b j fi i fi
'

l
t
t
as
p u t n u e o n a a n e
“
Ff 2 fo .
 “ Th Theory f
e o th e E-
a r
t h a

fo fo n d as to i m agi ne a ll th e c o rp o r e al Un i ve r fe
m ad e fo r o u r U fn fTi s n o t th e m i ll i o n e th Par t
'

. l

o f i t th a t is k n o w n t o p s, m u c h l e fs u fefu l ; w e
.

c an n e it h e r r e a c h w it h o u r E y e, n ot o u r Im ag i ,
, ,
a

nati o n, th o fe A r m i es o f S tar s t h at l i e far an d

deep i n t,
h e b o u n d l e fs li e a v en s I.f w e t a k e a .

go o d G la fs , w e di fco v e r i n n ume r abl e , m o r e

m
S ta rs 1 11 th e F i r am e n t jt h an w e c an Wit h o ur ; .

fiu gl e Eye a n d y e t 1 f yo u t ak e a fe c o n d G lafs , .

b ett e r t h an th e fir fi, t h at c arr i e s th e Sig h t to a

gr e at er Di ftan c e, y p u fe e m o re llll l l y i n g b e
_
’

yp a d t h e o t h e r a n d a .th 1 t d G l af s t h a t pi e rc e t h
fu rth e r , li i ll m ak e s n e w D i fco v er i es o f St ars
and ( 0 fo r w ards , in d e fin ite ly an d i n e x h au fie d

l y fo r any Th i n g w e k n o w , a cc o rdi n g to th e
Imm e n fity o f th e divi n e N at u r e an d P o we r .

W h o c an r e ck o n u p the St ars o f th e G alaxy , _

or di r e ét u s i n th e ,U fe o f t h em ? And c an w e
b e li e v e t h at th o fe an d all t h e t e ll w e r e ad e
.
.
m
fo r u s ? O f th o fe fe w St ars t h at w e e n j o y , o r
t h at ar e vifib le to t he E y e , t h er e is n o t a t en t h
P ar t t h at is r e ally u fe fu l to Man an d n o d o u bt
i f th e pri n cip a l E n d o f t h em h ad b e en o u r P l e a
fu r e o r C o n v e n i e n cy , t h e y w o u ld h av e b e en
p u t i n fo m e b e tt e r O rd e r 1 n r e f e ét o f t h e E art h
p
Th e y li e c ar e lefl y fcatter d , a s i f t h e y h ad b een
’

fo w n 1 n th e H e av e n , l ik e fe e d , by h an d fu ls ; an d
n o r by a skil u l H an d n e it h e r
f W. h a t a b e au ti fu l

He mi fph et e t h e y w o u ld h av e m ad e, i f t h e y h ad
be en pl ac d m R ank an d O rd er ; i f t h ey h ad be en
’

all di fp o s d i n t o r eg ul r Fig u r e s , a n d th e l ittl e

’

a .

o n e s fe t w it h du e R eg ard to th e gr e at e r , t h e n all

fi i lh d d m d i t o f ir Pi c gr t
’

n a n a e U p n o n e a e e o r e a

C ompofin o n , a cc o rd ing to the Ru les o f Ar t an d

i
O.
S m
y ;
 I n ju ry Depr e fii o n
, , , and Mi fr ep r e fen tati o n vo f
P1 O V 1 de n c e , we may b e e a li ly vi ne d fro m ’

as con
t h e fe fo u r Heads , T/ae M a
f of Man an d of e nne s

t h is E art h ; Tb e Exc e ll en cy o f o tli er B e i n gs Tbe ‘

I m mcn li ty o f th e U n IVl C and th e i nfin it e Per

'

fe éti o n o f th e fir fi G au fe Wh i ch I l e av e to y o u r
'

. fu rt h e r Me dit ati on ; an d p a fs 0 11 to the feco nd

R u l e c on c e rn i n g n at u r a l Pr o vid enc e .

In th e feeond i l la ’
ee r t h en If w e wo uld h ave ,

a fa ir Vi ew a n d rig h t App r e h e n fion s o f n at u r al

Pr ov i de nc e , w e m u fi no t c u t th e Ch ai n s of it
to o fho r t, by h avi n g r e c o u t fe wi th q u t N e ce fl i
1

t y , ei t her to the firft C au fe , , 1 1 1 expl ai n in g the 1

O r i g in sp f Th i ngs 3 0 r to Miraelqsmi n e x pi a i n
t d ,

'
.

i ng p arti c u lan l i if etts P ay, b re ak s th e -

,
<

C h ai ns o f n a t u ral Pro mde nc egwwhe n i ti is do ne

w it h o u t N e c e fl i ty ; tl1 at is , wh cnOT
.
, h i ng s are
o rh er wi fe i n t el li g i bl e fir o m fe cond C au fe s Nei .

t h er is an y Th i n g g ai h d by it to God Alm ig h ’

“
~

T
,

t y ; fo r ti s b u t as t h e Pr o v erb fay s o t ea Pe
’

t e r to a y P au l , t o t a k e {0
p u c h fro m h i s o r m
d i n at y Pro vid e n c e , a n d pl ac e it to hi s e xtr ao r
d i n a ry .Wh e n a n e w R e ligi o n is bro u g h t i n t o
t h e Wo r ld , tis v e ry r e afo n ab le and d e c o r o us
’

t h at it fh o u ld b e u lh er d i n w it h Mir acl e s as ’

b o t h t h e y ear n/é an d Cb r i/tza n w e re b u t aft er}

'

) ,

w ards Th i n gs r e t ur n i n t o t h e ir C h an n e l and
d o n 0 t c han g e o r o v e rfl o w a g a i n b u t u p o n e x
t r ao r di n a r y O c c ali o n s o r R e v o l u ti o n s Th e .

P o wer Ex tr aor di na ry o f Go d is to b e acc o u n t

e d v e ry fa c r e d, n o t to b e t ou c h d or e x o s d
’ ’

.
p ,

fo r o u r Pl e a fu r e b r C o n v en i en cy ; b u t I a m
,
.

a fr ai d w e oft en m ak e u fe of i t o n l to c o n c e al
y ,

OBI
 th Pr zrn Ear th d Taraazfe
n ’'
Concer ni ng f
'

e .
, a .
4 39

o u r o wn Ignoran ce o r to faVe u s th e Tr ou b l e ? ,
’

o f i n q u iri ng i n t o n at u r a l C au fes Me ti ar e g e :

n e r all y u nw illi n g to ap p eai i gno i a n t

l
f ec i a lly
'

ep ,

t h o fe th at m ake Pr o fe fl i o n o f K n o w l edg e ; an d
w h e n th e y h av e n o t Skil l e n o u g h to expl ai n
fo m e p artic u l a r E ffe ét i n a Way o f R e afo n t h e y
“
t h ro w it Upo n th e h ri c G au fe as a bl e to b e ar ’ '

a nd o pl aci n g it to fhat A cc o un t t h ey
'
all (
f
’ ‘
'
, ,
1
e x cu fe th e m fé l v e s an d fa e t h e ir C redit fo r
'

a ll Men a r e e q u ally w i fe
)
v ,

i f yo u t ak e a way fe
1
,

c o n d C a u fes a s w e ar e all o f th e fam e C o '

~

l o u r i f y ou t ak e aw ay th e L ig h t
, .

B U T to h at e t his Matt e r and fe e th e Gr o u n d ,

o f t h is R u l e mo r e w e m u lt o b fe r v e
’
‘

a n d c o n fide r T h at th eCain]? of Na tu re i s tr nér

,

th e M I! (S e e B e a k ] e 8 a t t h e E n d ) . . . .

a n d as I m ay fo fay, h i s fir fi W ill ; fr o m
”
‘
,
"

w h ic h w e ar e n ot to r ec e de b u t u p o n cl e ar
'

f i e
' '

Evid e n c e an d Nec ef fity fA n d as i n Matt er o f .

’

R e li gi o n w e ar e to fo ll o w th e k no wn r e v e al d
,
~

Will o f G o d an d n o t to tr u fi to e v e ry Im
,
'

l fe o r Me ti o n o f E n th u li afm as c o m i n g
p u ,

fr o m th e Divi ne Spirit u n le fs t h e r e b e e vid en t ,

Marks t h at it is fup er n atu r al a n d c an n o t c o m e ,

fr o m o u r o iv u fo n e it h e r ar e w e w it h out N e
, ,

c e fl i ty t o qu it th e k n o w n an d o rdi n a ry V 1 11
J
,

a n d P o w e r o f G o d e fiab l i lh d m t h e C o u r fe o f
’

N at ur e a n d fly t o fu p er n atur al C au fes of h i s
, ,

e x tr ao r di h ar
y W ill ;
fo r t h is i s a ki n d of E n ‘

t h u ii a ftn o r F a n ati c i fm
’
as w e l l as th e o t h e r
'

d n o d o u b t t h at gr eat Rr oqdig ali ty an d Wafl e

o f Mir ac l es wh ich fo me mak e is no w ay to ,

th e H o n ou r of Go d o r R e li g i o n Ti s tr u e ’

Ff4 th e .
4 4 0 Tb e Tb eor) of ’
th e E ' '
1 AR 1 1
.

t h e o th er Ex tr eam 1 s w o r fe t h an th is , for to d a w n
a ll Mir a c le s , i s i n c ffe ét to d e n y all R e v e al d R e
‘ ’

l i g io n t he re fo r e due Me a fu r e s ar e to b e t ak e n
r

b et w ixt th efe tw o , (0 as n e it h e r to m ak e th e Di
v rn e P o w e r to o m e an an d c h e ap , n o r th e Po w- z

er o f N at u r e illi m it e d an d a ll fu ffic i e n t
~

.
,

In t/oe fP
jh i m f / q e e, t o m a k e t h e S c e n e s
o f n at u r a l Pr o vi d e n c e q c o n fider ab le , an d th e

K n o wle dg e o f t hem ga ri s faéi o r y to th e Mi n d ,

w e m u fi tak e a tr u e Phi lo fo ph y , o r th e tr u e ,

Pri n cipl e s t h at g o v e r n N at u r e , w h ic h ar e G e o
[ ~

m etric a l a n d Me c h an ic a l . By th e fe yo u di f
c o v e r th e Po o tfie ps o f th e Divi ne A r t a n d

Wi fdo m , a n d trac e th e Pr o g r e fs o f N at u re
S t e p by St e p , as difi i n fi lyas i n arti fici al th i n gs ,
1

w h e r e w e fee h o w th e Mo ti o n s dep e n d u p o n
o n e a n ot h er , i n w h at O rd er , an d by w h at N e
G o d m ade all Th i ngs i n Nu mber ,
,

M tg /at an d Mezzfirr e, w h ic h ar e G e o met ric a l

a n d Me c h an i c al Pri n cip les , H e is n o t ( ai d to

h a v e m ad e Th i n gs by F or m: an d Qua li ti es , o r
a n y C o m b i n ati o n o f l i ti e s , b u t by t h e l e
a
t h r e e Pri n cip l e s wh ic h m ay b e co n c e i v d to
,
’

e x p r efs t h e S u b j eC t, o f t h r e e Mat h em atic a l

S ci e n c es, Nu m b e1 , o f A r i thmeti cé ; We ig h t ,
o f S ta tzeé s ; a n d Meafitr e a n d Pr o p o rti o n , o f

G eometiy : 1f t he n all t h i n gs w e r e made ac

co rdi n g to th e fe Pri n cipl e s , t o u n d e r fi a n d th e

Man ner o f t h e1 r C o n fir u éi i o n and C o m p o rme n ,

w e m u ii pr o c e e d i n th e S earc h o f t hem by th e
fam e Pri n cipl es , an d r e fo lve t he m into th e fe
’

N
,

G ai
at, n . B e fi d e s , t h e a t u r e o f t h e S u b je ét
‘

does di r e éi: u s f uffi g i en tl y fo r w h e n w e c o n ,

template
 I he
‘
Theoij of thé fi h R TH:
’
‘ “
1 .

“
We m ig h t llo ck u p t h at p art o f 1 th e U n i verfe
'
' ’

as to an y fu rth er I n q u iri e s , a n d w e fh o u ld fin d

i n ten t h o ufan d Y e ars h e n c e i n th e fam e F o r m

an d St at e w h e r e i n w e l e ft i n 1 T h en i n t h is fu b l
'

l u n ary Wo rl d t h e r e w o u ld b e b u t fm all D o
.

i n gs n e it h e r ; Th i n gs w o uld l i e i n a n ar r o w
m
Oo pafs , n o gr e at R e v o lu ti o n o f N at u r e; 11 6
n e w F or m o f th e E art h , b 11 t a fe w A n n i Ver fa
'

r y Cor r u ti on: and Gener a ti ons , a n d t h at w o u ld

p
b e th e fb o rt an d th e l o n g o f N at u r e, a n d o f
'

Pr o vid e n c e , a c co rdi n g to Ar e /fol k Bu t i f .

w e c o n fider th e E art h , as o n e o f th o fe m an y
Pl a n e ts t h at m o v e a b o u t th e Su n , an d th e :

S u n as o n e o f th o fe i n n u m er ab le fix d St ars t h at
’

a do r n th e U n i v er fe, a n d ar e t h e C e n t ers o f i fs
re at efi Mo ti o n s ; an d all t h is fu b jeéi to F at e
g
a n d C h an g e , to C o rr u pti o n s an d R e n o v ati
.

o ns : T h is o p en s a l arg e Fi e ld for o u r Th o u g h t s,
a n d giv e s a l arg e S u b jeét fo r th e E x e r c i fe a n d
'

E xp an fio n o f th e Divi n e Wi fdo m an d P o w e r,
a n d fo r th e G l o ry o f h i s Pr ovide n c e .

In th e lafi P/a ee ; H avi n0g t h u s pr ep ar d y o u r

‘ ’

Mi n d , an d th e S u b jeét, fo r th e C o n t em pl ati o n
’

o f Na tu r a lfl r o o i denee, do n o t c o n t e n t y ou r
’ f
'

{ e lf to co n fide r o n l y th e pr e fe n t F ac e o f N a
’ ’

t u r e , b u t l o o k b a ck i n t o t h e fir i c S our ces o f
’

Th i n gs, i n t o t h e ir m o re fim ple an d o rigi n ai

.

S t at e s ; a nd o b fer v e th e Pr og r efs o f N at ure

f r o m o n e F o r m to a n o rh e r , th r o u g h v ari o u s '

Mo d e s an d C o m po fiti o n s F o r t h er e is n o
1

“
. ,

h ugl e E fieét, n o r an y fin g le S tate o f N at ur e ,

' '

'

'
h o w p er feé t fo ev er , t h at c an b e fu ch an Ar u
'
’

'
g
m e nt an d Dem o n i tr ati o n o f
’
'

P eri o d
 ; P -e
r io d O fi r N fi Iu r Ch OL a R ev o lu ti o n o f fe v er al

{ S ta t es { c o n fe q u e n t i a l to o n e a n o t h e r a n d i n -

fu ch an ; 1 0 r det l and epe n dan ce, t h at as th eyl

'

'

'
fl ow; an d f uc ce ed, th e y i fh a ll fti ll the a dju fied to ~

i h e P e ri o ds o f t h e mo r al Wor l d ; {0 as to b e
'
‘
,

read y al w ays to b e Mi n i fier s o f th e Divi n e

I u fi i ce o r B e n
'

e fi c e n c e t o M an ki n d T h is .

fh e ws the man i fol d R ic h e s o f th e W i fdo m an d

‘ '

o r
P we o G o n f d i N at,
u r e A n d t h i s m a yD
0
i v e .

us , ju ii O cc ai i o n to r efl e Ct ao g ai n u po n A r i/hot}! s
S yfie m a n d Me t h o d , w h i ch dei tr o ys n at u r a l ’

Pr v d c
o i e n e i n t h is r e fp e ét a lf o ; fo r h e t a k es

W
,

; t h e E o
/

r ld a s it is n o w -
, b o t h f o r M att e r f ahd
‘
'

F o r m , an d f uppo feth it to ; h ave b ee n in t h i s

Po flu r e fr o m al l Et er n ity , an d t h at it wi l l co n
t i n ne t o Et er n ity i n th e fam e , fo as a ll th e
gr ea t T u r n s o f N a t u r e a n d t h e
p r i n cip al ,

S c en e s o f Pr o vid en c e i n th e n at u r al Wo rld
ar e
q u it e fi r u c k o u t ; a n d w e hav e b u t t h is
-
.
‘

o n e Sc e n e fo r a ll ; an d a piti fu l o n e to o if
‘
'

c o m ar d w it h th e i n fin it e Wi fdom o f G od
’

p ,

a nd the D e pt h s o f P r o vid enc e We m u tt .

t ak e Th i n gs i n t h e ir fu ll Ext e n t an d fro m t h e ir ,

Origi n s to c o m pr e h e nd th em w e l l an d to
, ,

d ifco v er th e Myfi er i es o f Pr o vid en c e b o t h in

’

the C au fe s a n d in th e C o n du é t o f t h e m T h in
' ’
.

Met h o d wh ic h 9 4 s f oll o w ed i n th e C o n
‘

‘I e m l ti o n of
p a t h e L ittl e W . o rld . Or i n th e ,

Body o f Ma n w e ih o u ld a l fo fo ll o w i me ne ‘ ‘
v

“
, .

Great t ak e it i n its fir fl: Ma fs i n its t e nd er

'
‘ ‘

. : ,
»

Pri n c i pl e s an d R udi m e n ts an d ob fer v e t h e Pr o ,

g re i s o f it to a c o m pl e at F 0 1 m i n th e fe firft
'
'
'
1
,

St ro ak s Of N atu re ar e th e S ecr ets o f h er Art 7

th e
ii 4 4 . The Theory of
~~
the E la n I n? “ J

th e Eye m u ll b e p l ac d i n t h is P o i n t to h av e a
’

r igh t Pr o fp et} , an d fe e h er W o r k s i n a tr u e
'

L igh t fl d v i d adm i r es th e Wi fdo m o f G o d

.
‘

i n th e O rig i n an d F o r m ati o n o f h i s B ody My

B ody , fays h e, w a s not h i d fi om thee, w h en I
w as mo de i n fecr et, enr i onjly w r oug h t i n th e
lower Por ts of th e E a r th ; th i ne Ej et di djée my
(

t fionee hei ng j et i mperf eét , a nd i n th y B oo/z a ll

' '

my [Member s w er e w r i tten ; w hi ch i n Con ti nzi

o n ce w er e o h zoned w h en 4 1 y et th er e w os none
fj
‘

o th em,
f o r b e i n g a t fir l t i n n o F b r m
’
H .ow

p r eci ou s a r e th
y h g T
ou h ts to me; O G od ! & c .

d ‘ l cxxxix
. 1 , 1 6, I 7
5. T h .is w as th e S u b m it
o t D ow d s Me dit ati o n s , h o w h i s B o dy w as
‘ ’

w r o u g h t fr om a fh ap e l e fs Ma fs i n t o t h at m ar
v el l o n s C o m o fiti o n w h ic h it h ad w h e n fu l l y
p
fr am d ; an d t h is, h e fays , w as u n d e r th e E y e
’

o f G o d a ll al o n g a n d th e Mo d e l o f it, as i t
,

we r e , w as defig n d an d d eli n eat e d i n th e B o o k

’

o f Pr o vid e n c e , a cc o rdi n g to w h ic h , it w as by
D e gr e e s fafh i o n d an d w r o u g h t to Per feéti o n
’
.

T h i ne Ej et di d[h e my t fion ee j et bei ng i m

er efi , i n thy Book oll m] Member s w er e dr a w n ,
p f
oh a l fo h at h aptly e x r e fs d th o fe fir fi
j
’ ’

Sec .
p
Ru di men ts o f th e B o dy , o r t ha t l itt le C h aos
o u t o f w h ic h it r i fe th ; Hi t l th ou not ou r ed
/ p
l
one ou t a s Mi lk , a n d er i ddled me li ke Gh ee é ?
/
T h ou h o/l elooth ed me w i th Ski n a nd F le/h, a nd
ned me w i th B ones a nd Si new s , to
fi J o b x .
,

Wh e r e h e no re s th e fir fi Matt e r a n d th e l afi:
For m o f h is B o dy, its c o m p leat an d m o it i n ’

co m p l eat St at e A cc o rdi n g to th e fe Ex am pl e s
.

we m utt l i k ew i fe co nfider th e great er B o di e s o f

Nat u r e,
 Th e i Theory of th eE A nT 11:
'

4 4 6

B e i n gs i n th ei n te lleétnal Wor ld an d all th e

‘

of
’
,

R e gi o n s an d Syl te m s o f Mat te r 1 11 t h e c o rpo re

’

a l F o r h avi n g pr o v d m th e fo r e g o i n g C h apt er
’

.
, ,

t h at t h er e is an Au t h o r o f N at u r e a B ei n g i n ,

fin it e ly p er fect by w h o fe P o w e r an d I n fl u e n c e :
,

a lo n e a ll fin it e N at u r e s e x i ft an d h av e?
’

a n afiu r e d G r o u n d to c o n c lu d e t h a t n ot h i n g
'
i
,

c an c o m e to pa fs t h r o u g h o u t th e w h o l e C r eati
,

w it h o u t th e Pr e fe i en c e an d Pe r m ilfion o f
’
on ,

its Au t h o r and as i t is n e c effar y t

,

t h er e 1 3 an Idea i n th e D ivi n e U n '

a ll th e Ma rs o f B e i n gs p r o du e d or er e at
’ '

c o rdi n g to th e fev er al R an ks a nd O r dei s Wh e r e

c

i n t h e y h an d (0 t h e r e 1 3 al fo an Idea t h er e a c
’

, ,

co rdi n g to w h ic h t h is gr eat F ra me m o v e s an d ,

a ll th e P arts o f 1 t i n B eau ty and H a r m ony

A N D th e fe t w o Th i n gs Th e Ej enees o f all ,

B e in gs an d th e S eri es o r t h e ir Moti ons com

, ,

fe th e M U N D A N E ID E A
-

p o as ,

c all 1 t o r t h at gr e at a ll co m pr e h e nfiv e
~

i n th e divi n e U n der fian di n g w h ic h c o n t ai n s

'

t h e Syfiem o f u n i v er fa l Pr o vid en c e an d th e ,

S t at e o f all Th 1 n g s p alt pr efe n t o r to c o m e

‘
, , .

Th is g lo ri o u s Idea 1 3 th e e x p refs I m ag e o f t he
w h ol e C r e ati o n o f all th e Wo rks o f G o d and
"

, ,

th e D i fp o fiti o n o f t h e m H er e l i e th e Myfier i e s
o f Pr o vid e nc e as i n t h e 1 r O rigi n a l ; th e (
, ti e .

e e fl i v e F o r m s o f a l l N at u r e a n d h e r ei n as i n ,

a C lafs m ay b e V i e w d a l l th e Sc en e s of
’

o r Et e r n ity Th is is an Ab yfs o f faci e d

.

do m t h e ex h a ufied T1 ea fur e o f a ll Sci e n c e ,

“
,

th e R o o t o f T r u t h a nd F o u t a i o ’
n n r,i n t l
e el é ru

a l L ig h t and 1 11 th e c lear and fu ll C o n t empl a é

t 1 on
ti on of t h is is p er feé t
’
Happi n els r
f an d a tr u ly
b eati fick Vi fio n .

Bu r wh at c o n c er n s th e i n te l leétu al r ldm;
‘

Wo
t h is Idea , a nd th e O rd ers o r Nat ur es t h at Ge m;
fe i i t, is n o r o u r p r e fe n t Bu fin efs to p ur fue
p o

w e a r e to fp e ak o f t h e c o rp o r e al U n i v f
e e,
r

w h er eo f w e w ill m ak e n o w a lh o rt an d g e n e;
“
T
,

ral Su r v y , e a s,
i r-
l i e s u n d e r P rov i d ence ;
1

he ,

c o rp oreal Un i ver fq h ow i m men fe foeve r it b e, »

.

an d divid e d i n t o i nn u m e r ab l e R egi o n s , ma y,

m
“
b e c on fider d all 1 as o n e S yfiem, ad e Up o f fed
’

v era l fu b or di n at e SyP te m s “ An d t h e r e is al fo
r

o n e i mme n fe D e fig n o f Pr o v i de n ce t o :e xte n ded,

'

w it h it , t h at c on t ai n s all t h e Eate , an d all th e 1 ’

Re v o l u ti on s o f t h is g r e at Mafs , Th is , I ray, 1
. ,
1 1
1
”

i s m ad e u p o f fev eral (u b o r di nate Syl te ms , ih ’

. . .

v o wi n g o n e anot h e r, and c o m pr eh e ndi ng one 1

.
,

an o t h er , i n gr e at er and gr eat e r Or b s an d Co m a
p ol i ti c o s ; an d th e Ag gr eg ate o f ; all the fe fis .

th at w h ic h w e c al l th e Uni v erfe But wh at .

th e F o r m o fi th e fe O o m p o fit i oti s 1 s, a n d w h at
t h e D e fi g n o f Pr ovid e n c e t h at r u n s t h r o th e m
’

a ll, a n d c o m pr eh en ds t h e m al l, t h i s ii s u n fear eli

ab le , n o r o n ly to h u m ane U n de rfian di ng , b u t
’
'

.
.

e v e n to A n g e ls an d A r ch an g e ls
'
‘

E E E
_W H R F o R l e avin g th o fe gr ea t e r Syfie ms
and C o m po fit i ons of th e U n iv e r fe , as Ma tter .

of o u r A dm i r ati o n , r at h e r t h an o f on r K n o w
1 t
r

l e d g e t h er e ar e t wo o r t hr e e ki n ds o f le fier
'

Syfie m s t h at are1 v i fib le to : 111 5, an d bri n g u s

'
r
.

n e ar e r to o u r S u b j e ét, li a n d n e ai e r h om e hat
’

. T
T
. .

o h a h nd St an fin le ; h f fi d S W it h
’ ' ’

a t i E
t
g o a x ar .

i ts Platel et s, and th at o f a: fin g l e lzlanet; pri mate t

f?
 The The f f
ory o
‘

th e EA
'

R TH:
r y or fe co ndar y . Th e i c -t h r e e Syfie ms We fe e
a n d e n j o y m o r e o r l e fs No d o u bt t h er e a r e
.

fix d St ars h o gl e, o r t h at h av e n o Pl an ets ab o u t
’ '
"
-

th e m , as o u r S u n h at h , n ay tis pr o b a bl e , ’ ’

t h at at fir fi the w h o l e U n i v er fe co n fified o n l y
o f fu c h G l o b e s o f l iq u id Fir e w it h Sp h e r e s
,

a b o u t t h e m, o f p u r e L ig h t an d E t h e r : E art h s

ar e b u t t h e Dirt a n d Sk u m o f th e C r e ati o n }

a n d a ll T h i n gs w e r e p u r e as t h e y c a e a t fir fl
.
m
o u t o f th e H an ds o f G o d Bu t b e c au fe w e
'
‘

-
.

h av e n o t h i n g p artic u l ar t au g h t us , e it h e r by th e
L ig h t o f N at u re é t R e v e lati o n , c o n ce r n i n g th e
Pr o vid e n c e t h at g o v e r n s th e fe fin g le St ars , o f
‘

w h at U fe t h e y ar e to i n te ll e a u al B e i n gs , 2 ho w '

a n i m at e d b y t h e m , w h at D i v e r fity th e r e i s a
m o n gli th o fe aet h e r eal Wor l ds ; w h at P e ri o d s
t h ey h av e, wh at C h ang e s o r V i c i fii tu des th e y
- .

a re c ap ab le to u n d e rg o “b e cau fe fu ch I n q ui r i e s

w o u l d fe em too r em o t e , an d c arry u s t0 0 h fa r
.
’ .

fr o m o u r S u b jeCt, w e l e av e th e fe h eav e n l y
'

S yfie m s to th e E n j o y m e n t an d C o n t e m pl ati o n
o f h ig h e r a n d m o r e n o bl e C r e at u r e s .

TH E Su n , w it h all th e P l an ets t h at m o v e a ~

b o u t h i m , a n d d e p e n d u p o n h i m , m ak e a g o o d
S o rt o f S yi te m ; n o t co n fider a b le i n d e ed , i f
’

c o m par d w it h th e w h o l e U n i v er fe, o r fo m e o f
’

th e gr e at e r C o m p ofiti o n s i n it b u t i n r e fp eét
o f u s, t h e Syfie m o f th e S u n is o f v afi Exre n t :

We c a nn o t m ea fu r e t h e G r e a tn e fs o f h i s K i ri g
i -

do m , an d h is D o m i n i on i s ; w i th o u t E n d Th e .

D iltan c e fr o m th e h i g h e fi Pl an e t to th e n e ar eft
fixt St ar 1 n th e Fir m am e n t l S u n m eafu r ab l e, a n d
al l t h i s b elo ng s to th e E m i r e o f th e Sun b e
p
fides
4 5 0 T h e T h eo y f
r o th e E a n r 11 3
'
1

r e fe n t ; o f w h ic h fo rt o f Di ffe r en c es w e h av e
p
n o r e d fo m e a m o n g fi o u r Pl an e ts (B ook 1 , . .

ch a l a /l 1 1 3 d th o t h ey fe e m to b e a ll
’

p.

p , .
y e
) , .

o f m u c h w h at t h e fa m e o rigi n a l C o n fi i tu ti o n .

Bc fide s a cc ordi n g to e x te 1 n al C i r cu m fian c es

, ,

t h e ir D i fl an c e Man n e r o f Mo ti o n an d Po fiu r e
, ,

to t h e 8 11 11 w h ic h is th e H e art o f th e w h o l e
,

S y ll e 11 1 1tl1 e y b e c o m e di ffe r e n t i n m an y T
, h i n gs .

A n d w e m a y o b fe r v e t h at th o fe l e adi n g Di ffe ,

r en e e s t h o t h e y fc om littl e dr aw aft e r t h e m
,
’

i n n u m e r abl e O t h e rs an d fo m ak e a dili i n Ct F ac e
,

o f N at u r e a n d a di i ti n C t Wo rld ; w h ic h fti ll
’
,

{h e w s t h e R ic h e s an d F e c u n dity o f divi n e Pr o
v i den c e a n d giv e s n e w Matt e r o f C o n t em p l a
,

ti o n to th o fe t h at t ak e Pleafu r e i n li ndyi n g th e
Wo rks an d Ways o f G o d Bu t le avi n g all .

o th e r P l an e ts o r p lan e t ary S yfie m s to o u r Me

,

di tan o ns o n ly w e m u h p artic u lar ly co n fi des

,

o u r o wn .

H A V I N G t h er e fo r e m ad e t his g e ner al S u rv e y
o f th e gr e at U n i v er fe r u n t h r o u g h th e bo u n d ,

l e fs R egi o n s o f it a n d w it h m u c h a do fo u n d
,

o u r Way h o m e t o t h at littl e Pl an e t w h e o ur

C o n c e r n s l i e t h is E art h o r fu b lu n ar y
,
o r ld ,

w e m u ll r e l t h e r e at th e E n d o f o u r Co u r fe
’
.

An d h avi n g un d e rt ak en to give t h e g e n e r a l
Th eo ry o f t h is E art h to c o n cl u d e the pr e fen t ,

Tr eati fe w e ll r efl eét u p o n th e w h o l e Wo rk
,
’
’
,

a n d o b fe r v e w h a t Pr o r e fs w e h av e h it h e rt o
g

m ad e i n t h is Th e o ry a n d w h at r em ai n s to b e ,

treat ed o f h e r e aft er Th is E art h th o it b e a .

,
’

fm ail P a rt o r Par ti cle o f th e U n i v er fe h at h a

o
, .

d i fii n & 8 yfte1n o f Pr ovid enc e b elo n g i n g to i t

.
,
,

2 or
 a E a r th , a nd T
Concer ni ng th e Tr i n ur udije 4 .
5r

o r an O rd er e ftab li lh t by th e A u t h o r o f N at u r e
fo r all 1 ts Th a nomena ( n at u r al o r m o r a l )t h r o u g h

o u t th e “
m
o l e P e ri o d o f its D u r ati o n , a nd e v e

r y I n t e rv al o f it ; fo r, as t h er e is n o t h i n g fo
g r e at a s t o b e a b o v e th e divi n e C ar e , ( 0 n ei
,

t h e r is t h e r e any t h i n g fo l ittl e as to b e b elo w

it All th e C h an g e s o f o u r W o rld a re fix t ;
.

Ho w, o r h o wo ft en to b e defir o y d, an d ho w ’

r en e w d ; Wh at differ en t F ac e s o f N at u r e an d
’

w h a t o f Man ki n d , i n e v e ry P art o f i ts C o u r fe ;
Wh at ne w S c en es to ad o r n th e St ag e, an d w h at
n e w Par ts to b e aét e d ; Wh at t h e E n tr an c e, an d
‘ ‘

w h at th e C o nfu m m ati o n o f all . N e it h e r i s

t h e r e an y fo rt o f K n o w l edge mo re pr o p er, o r
o f m o r e i m p o rt an c e to u s t h at ar e th e In h ab i

t an ts o f t h is E art h , t h an to u n der fiandfth i s i ts ,

n at u r al a n d facr ed H
i

ifio r y, as I m ay fo cal l it,

b o t h as to wh at i s pall , a n d w h at i s to c o m e
‘ ‘

A n d as th o fe gr e at e r V o l u m e s an d C o m po fi;
ti o n s o f th e U n i v er fe ar e pr o po r ti o n d to th e ’

U n der fian di ng o f An g els an d fu p er i o r B ei n gs,

fo th efe litt le Syli em s ar e Comp endi um: o f th e
divi n e Wi fdo m m o r e fitt ed to o u r C apacit y
a n d C o m pr eh e n fio n

T
.

H 1 ; Pr o vid e n c e o f th e E art h , as o f all o t h er

1

Sylte m s , c o n fifl s o f t w o P arts , n at u r al , an d fa
cr e d o r t h eo log ic al I c all t h at facre d or t h eo
.
~

l o gic al t h at r e fp eé ts R eligi o n , an d th e D i fp en
’ ~

fati o n s o f it ; th e G o v ern m e n t o f th e r ati o n al

Wo rld, o r o f Man ki n d , w h et h er u n d er th e L igh t
p f N at u r e o n ly, o r o f a R ev e l ati o n ? th e Me
th o d an d T e r m s o f t h e ir H ap i n e fs an d U n h ap
p
i h f t r L i fe : T h St t e, O econo my
‘

p nl e s i a u u e e a ,

G g a an d
 Th e Theo y of
-

34 5 2 th e F A n r 11
'
r . .

a nd C o n duét o f t h is , w it h all th e Myfier ies

c o n tai n d i n it , w e c al l t h eo lo gic al Pr o vid e n c e
’

i n th e H e ad w h er eo f {l a n ds th e S o u l o f the b le f
fe d Mcfiia h , w h o is L o rd o f b o rh W o r lds , i h

t e lle é tu al an d m at e r i al Wh en w e c al l th e o t h e r
’
.

Par t o f Pr o vid en c e Na tu r a l, w e u fe t h at Wo r d
i n a r efi r ai n d S e n fe, a s r e fpeéti n g o n l y th e m a
’

r e ti a l W o r l d ; a n d a cc o rdi n gly th is P art o f Pr ov

v i den c e o rd e rs an d fu p e r i n te n ds th e St at e o f th e
E art h , th e gr e at V i c i il i tu des an d Mu t ati o n s o f
i t ; for w e m u ll n o : i m agi n b u t t h at th e fe ar e
u n d e r th e E y e o f Pr o vid e n c e, as w e l l as h u e

m an e Affairs , o r an y R e v o l u ti o n s o f St at e s an d
E m pir es No w fe ei ng b ot h i n th e i ntelleétu al
.
’

a n d c o rp o r e a l Wo r l d t h e r e ar e c e rt ai n P e ri ods ,

F u ln e fs o f Ti m e, an d fixt Seafo n s, e it h e r fo r
fo m e gr e at C atafi r o ph e, o r fo m e gr e at In fi au
r ati on tis Pr o vid en c e t h at m ak es a du e Har
"

m o n y o r Syn ch ro n i fm b et w ixt th efe t wo , an d

m eafu r e s o u t th e c o n c u rr en t F at e s o f b o rh
Wo rlds , fo as N at u r e m ay b e alw ays a fait hfu l
Mi n ifter o f th e divi n e Pl e afu r e w h et h er for
’
,

R ew ar ds o r Pu n i fh m en ts , acc o rdi n g as th e St at e
o f Man ki n d m ay r eq u ir e . Bu t th eo lo g i eal Pr o
v i de n c e n o t b e i n g th e S u b jett o f t h is Wo rk ,
‘

w e {h all o n ly o b fcr v e, as w e faid b efo r e, w h at

'
'

A cc ou n t w e h av e h it h ert o giv en o f th e n at u r al
St at e o f th e E art h , an d wh at r em ai n s to b e
h an dl e d i n an o t h er Tr e ati fe , an d fo c onc l u d e .

I di d n o r t h i n k it n eceffar y to c arry th e Sto

'

r y an d O r i g i n al o f th e E a rt h , h ig h er t h an th e
’

C h ao s , a s Z or oafl er an d Orp h eu s fe e m to h av e
d o n e ; b u t t ak i n g t h at f o r o u r F o u n d ati on
,
wh i ch
4 5 4 Th e Th eerj ofE A R T H th e .

E art h But t h at F o r m w as v e ry di ffe r en t from

.

t h e r e fen t F o r m o f th e E art h w h ic h is no t
p ,

i m m e di at e ly d ed u cibl e fro m a C h ao s by an y
k n o w n L aw s o f N at u r e o r by an y Wi t o f ,

Ma n ; as e v e ry o n e t h at w il l h av e P ati e n c e
,

t o e x am i n e it m ay eafily b e fati sfie d

,
Th at .

fir ft E art h w as o f a fm o o th r eg u lar S u rfac e , ,

a s th e C o n cr e ti o n s o f L iq u o rs a r e b e fo r e th e y ,

a r e di fi u r b d o r br o k e n ; u n d e r t h at S u rfac e
’

l a y th e gr e at A b y fs w h ic h w as r e ady to fw al
,

l o w u p t h e \V o rld t h at h u n g o v e r it a n d a ,

b o u t i r w h e n fo ev e r G o d fh o u ld giv e th e C o m
,

m an d an d th e V a u lt fh o u ld br e a k an d t h is
,
.

C o n fti tu ti o n o f th e pri m e val E art h g av e C c

’

c afio n t o t he fir fi C atafi r o h e of t h is Wo rld

p ,

w h en it p e r i fh d i n a D e lu g e o f Wat e r For
’

t h at V au lt did br e ak as w e h av e fh e wn at ,

l ar g e a n d by th e D i ffo lu ti o n a n d F a ll o f it
'

, ,
’

th e gr e at D e e p w as t h r o w n o u t o f its Be d ,

fo r c d u p w ards i n t o th e Ai r a n d o v er fl o w e d;
’

m th at i m p e t u o u s C o m m o ti o n th e h ig h e fi: ,

To ps o f t h e Fr ag m en ts o f th e r a i n d E arth ’

w h ic h n o w w e c al l its Mo u n t ai n s A n d as .

t h is w as th e fir fi gr e at an d fat al P e ri o d o f Na
t u r e ; (0 u p o n th e Ifl u e o £t h is an d th e R e
'

t u rn o f th e W at e rs i n t o t h eir C h an n els th e ,

fe co n d F ac e o f N at u r e app eat d o r th e pr e
’

fe n t br o k e n F o r m o f th e E art h as 1 t 1 5 T er ,

r n neonr Monntnznons an d Cav ernou s T h efe

’

q , , .

Th i n gs w e h av e explai n d fu lly i n th e fir fl: ’

Bo o k an d h av e t h e r e by fett l e d t w o gr e at
,

P o i n ts giv en a r ati o n al Acc o u n t o f th e Uni

,

v er a l 9 elu e and h ewn th e C au fe s o f t h e

f j
’

g ,
/
Concer ni ng the Tr i m E a rth
.
, a nd a
' '
nz
fi .
4 55

F o rm o f th e pr e fen t o r Tofl dzlnw nn

i r r e g u l ar
’

E a rth Th i s b e i n g d o n e w e h av e apply d o u t
.
,
’

fel v es i n th e fe co n d B oo k to t h e D e fc r ip ti ,
~

on o f th e 7 777724 8 1 1 4 1 E a r th ,
3
a n d th e E x am i
na ti on its Pr o p erti e s ; a n d t h is h at h le d u s
of

b y an e a fy Tr ait to t h e D i fco v er y o f Tnm dgfi

'

f
,

a n d o f th e tr u e N o ti o n a n d Myfi e r y o f it ;

w h ic h is n o r fo m u c h a Sp o r o f Gr o u n d wh e r e
a fin e G a rd e n fl o o d as a C o u r fe o f N at u r e
, ,

o r a p e c u li a r St at e o f th e E art h ; T
fi
n m dz nm ]
’

i n m an y P arts b u t e fp e c i ally i n o n e R e gi o n
,

o f it ; w h ic h P l ac e o r R e gi o n w e h av e a l fo en

deav o u r d t o d et e r m i n e t h o u g h n o t (0 m u c h
’

fr o m th e Th e o ry as fr o m th e S u ffr ag e s o f An
,

tiq u i ty i f yo u w il l t ak e t h e ir J u dg m e n t
, .

THU S m u c h is fin i lh d an d th i s c o n t ai n s th e
’

,
t

n at u r al T h e o ry o f th e E art h till t h is p r efe n t

Ti m e ; fo r fin ce th e D e lu g e all Th i n gs h av e c o n .

ti n ne d i n th e fa m e St at e o r w it h o u t an y r e,
.

m ark a bl e C han g e We ar e n ext to e n t e r u p o n

.

n ew Matt e r an d n ew T h o u g h ts a n d n o t o n ly ,

fo b u t u p o n a S eri e s o f T
, h i ng s a nd T u n e: to
come wh ic h is to m ak e th e fe co n d P art o f t h i s
,

Th eo ry D ividi n g th e D u r ati o n o f th e Wo rld

.

i n t o two P arts p afi an d fu t u r e w e h ave di f

, ,
~

atch d th e fir l t an d far gr e at e r P art an d c o m e

’
’
p ,

b ett e r h al f o f o u r Way ; A n d i f w e m ak e a
St an d h er e an d l o o k b o t h Ways b ack w a rds to
, ,

t h e C h ao s an d th e B e gi n n i n g o f th e Wo rld ,

a n d fo r wards to t h e E n d an d C o n fu m m ati o n o f

all T h i n gs t h o u g h th e fir fi b e a l o n g e r Pr o
,

fp e ét y et t h er e ar e as m a n y g en e r a l Ch an g e s
,

an d R ev o luti o n s o f N at ur e i n th e r em ai n i n g

Pa r t ,
4 5 6 Th T
h ory e e o the
f E AR TH .

P art h lr dy ha pp d d h E :
’

as
,
aV e a ea en ; a n in t e ve n

i ng o f t h is lo n g D ay th e Sc e n e s w il l c h an g e
falte r, a n d b e m o r e brig h t a n d i llu fl r i o u s .

Fro m th e C r e ati o n to t h is Ag e th e E art h h at h

u n d e rg o n e b u t o n e C atafir o p h e , an d N at u r e

h at h h ad t wo d1 ffer e n t F a c e s Th e n e xt C at a .

fi r o ph e is t h e C O NF
L A GR A I O , t o w h ic h a T N
n e w F a c e o f N at u r e w ill a cc o rdi n gly fu cc e ed,

N ew Hea v en: a n d a N ew E a r th , Tar a difie

r e n e w d, a nd ( o it is c all d th e R e fii tu ti o n o f

“
’ ’

T n , rRg e t n
i gs i f h 7 o r ld, A m x a
’

h
‘

o e en r a o o t e

r a my eveo i a An d th at Pe r i o d o f N at u r e
” '
w ig a m ;
- - ~
.

a n d Pr o vid e n c e b e i n g e x i r d, t h e n fo l lo w s
’

p
t h e Conf nnzni a ti on o
f a ll h i n
g T
s , o r th e g e n e

r al A oth e
p fl r ; w h en {D e a th a n d H el l [ b a ll h e;

[ w a llow ea! u i V i t
’
W h e n t h e g r e at
‘

/
p n t or
y .

C ircl e o f Ti m e an d F at e is r u n ; o r a cc o rd
i n g to th e L ang u ag e o f Script u r e, en th e W
Hea v ens a nd th e E ar th jha/l p a]? aw ay , and
T i me /ha ll he no mor e
‘

M A Tw e i n th e mea n ti me hy a tr a e L ov e
,

T
,

of G o d n hon e a ll h i n
g s , a n d i f ? Contem t o
p f
th i s v a i n Wo r la w h i eh p afl i th a w ay h} a ca r e
'
'

f nl U fi f
e o th e G f ’f
i t: o G od a n a
l
N a tu r e, t h e

L ig h t of R ea/ i n a na R e v ela ti on, pr ep a r e ou r

fi el v es , a nd th e S ta te o
f T h i n
g f
s , or t h e
g r ea t
Comi ng of ou r Sa v i our
.
To w h o m b e Pr ai fe
an d H o no u r for e v e r m o r e .

F I N I S .