seil Mechanics LIN py MN : Le ae ~- ~~: SS an ae ee Na neoF Yi oh LAI: Soiosht )» ) aso Me choices lagen > angry andl Coil mechanics se That brawek: of science which investigates te peace a dhe irene types of soils ~ the e reels ot b ee een. account oe etonae teaieterandlasiasashaPDres ATi Soil pre perhes-¢o——ate= das esi esa wed a Engmeermg Properties = ESE Ls Cheat serehd a owes TT 2— ely ss elblement of sri clue es&C i Pe eS eal ae ee AWE) oS Lian inci i e lp physical prope 2 —t~speeific gan Teil gel ae ATE TUM RA SOWTCLeTS rare B= 4Yan Size Simi — a Ft sea : Z — He Phase velation shigs 0t aha compaction — - C— chemical properties — + a r ____ ests ea 7 a. Contpas iS ae i ae we) yeh ande presi Ss _3— precesses of dissolution =yeeatetin —raspes = fa —Ni AE cdemanve (Me) a9 =o. ae. ey in ee eee ae oe a a Lu will Mave the palais Piroapey jess be ben: —Ge\iek: a a Bin Rae een ti ee be the same co aan es wil se ae are Loum, a their, shapes are Wessounived a angular , eee fie ue od ae ae a el nares ae BS iw 5 Tens —viepetindlester Roe Bt gece — He sient ei farkiclegsa-fa avery a a ay. fom tl (feetcanee ely ia zed = SS coerce! Inthis s4vu ee ee 7 scans OB wih adjace art cle ED saad _ _ 1 ie~ ave mang olds eee ar aor ske}e-lan + — cd SPAR anllaecey Slat : 2ealformcc hy chemital grocesses “water Cotninas tracer of SN aS | ots sy2 eRe 52 acid a\kaly, Oxygen anh Cav boy -clioxide \ ou ome see, me eee | yy We Mave the bynes chavacteristies 2 a 15 = Lew “Veck. whim ae ca j ; nee y » > ) ) ) ) } ae ki some times spp ume cu ey Fae et eRAs-avesult> = eltentiogiate gg Sah TEST gna pe ee Mesa) SSIS Teg y Siean ac. alan “by ater “eens wove at tawer-vaterey , =e Satie Tt “mein as fhe Gol ind Awe cater dle \ . ve Sar tren Serge Oe ae? ne , € Sug ht distor Hen 8 ease ate since the ens vcs 18 tet Se a oe ar aoe a (= jyaifhle dice mgheatansigitattiast Silicon by — in-siieq sheet ) , i ai } ) —s Apia! ag eal Zz panic there 5 mani seis es 2t Sitieen bY alumi WeSiiict Sheet” Ree a ages mo ook ae . Spades ¢ SiWsile sheehSur laces of -Clayyainer|s—— 5 Keles Carry sant or 5 Chityaes Vesey oO ov phous subster D~ disassocj ators e ' Ba bbrekenb> Pyne ee oe \sai ) Rateety gen sep) adyd ¢ the favtele Surface WM Whi he =@ Ee ee ae )) concentration decrease witrnerersing the-distance from the ee eee oe Pay yrele— unit) concentwationy becomes = costar h at lay et 7 e a = ease as Be eecorenese Sy) clayer -a12 hel Weakly Jo the Sei a ‘al partic a “tan easily -be Vemoved and teplacecl by othe Cations se are. Called “ exchangeable -criouS ete‘ ei : dae Sa The: Hines ok the eet ‘ager dejonds lps eo a eatreentraion St 2ijisee ue a FHT j-Aemperethe — valenay of caliags SR OA 8 Sey sumaiaiceniaiaiey- The thickness decreases as jhe temperature rr anol Stl Concentration voi imtre —— ATS ee af layers re water wmelecul <— eL which ave i ee ace : sfcle to Ke oe ot elo te re dhs mechanisimns f= te sheared SINCE” Water molecule: — = = —e eee Ge Y ey # "ered asWe ence st chai vhinerat—panhile a tpersurreundedd-by ai a a le taebgorber “water El The wast Whe coe x eae —he aaa — weleculesin Nhe ad sorb oh con le ie | crate tithe ace_\ut Heir sec ete faceaX SOIT a >) Pee w/ yar oe) —Peat el & si2e% th 4 ceil) = _ ae) “Ye js a figure ysudlly in Com é - He sp RRL ‘ey ligeserr yey Pavticle is large en ear +t — i — wine Vane ee eos “Aine ors StS “Parkicles of ealtotda|—size-CdereeZenmn), i i \) a pleats (mei lks > Soy Anis wide Vangencdhas been divided! Te Smal vange 5. and poate es ea a ale en oS ache At AS Hiven n bel eK Ye favdicle size CD) in mm . * a Ber es ——— a fe - emDp= DSi. (Lave USerh ths RG er eHon ky athe i eB ei we conesiont aoa eer, ms go ae fF ° | eae a: tr ad i: | Cee ai 4 a al . yy a Fer at he 3 - aChay symiwert particles <3 spacttetesferrmect by Cre CH, West Senn oe ror Uscaly eran Pr Fan Lew hau} WS 4 Be | Be = gly ss a“ icles —— i all ' lay witeral Perfides « Chesen and nae a oc ty: — RA “icky sized § s = aw — pavicles« —Asthe percent by walit-o€- clay mineral paris ae em 5 Siagy ae {n a solnetaasesns he inllceree of tee eee, a . Sul proper tec twererseg(1s) ie Sa a Zysb\ a Sass ae = —/) a a ty rig FS = cee |) TES the pyacess_a ft rer ing of the Percentage by ye —— ts ae ae — ee | | a ae Eee a. ee — ches ae an rer re Dil eead tr eo i a PurfeSe «ane \5_us . » ee ee esis. a | "5 Fine Soils —these-seils whose #¥aPertj ¢S—ave_in fluen Coot — : mainly . en sit Sized farfie eS ie dod Pachele size ze Coarse sells’ Zar oils, Whee slate ave af ede ae particles. ju the gravel Sand Size -Zerles ge olga —ertecma Fonz aM he—opening sizeof this Sieve \s— Fife oR py | C9 MV PP EV uuu:—— i — | ae A Riown ma diy — Goll 8 Bieverk on AMest oe | espe ene — Sievers ob dMlerent size ayvrahgea ina decewhirg oC Be Me weight Ror on_eath Sieve |s crrmine a. en thePewcen . Yre-weiqirtof the. Particles passing — (Gnev) Fram ay, poe rae vas ml J ; oer {celuxe) ‘ ‘ : 4 ‘ ee, EE + sis Graph 15 Caled Che particle size-dishibudien cule?Fhe-sieve-analysis\s-also- a Te ham = fe) sieving i s-macde—either iu “ely! ov im lwet) conditions. Dyy Seve tS us cet —fa-Checty Coarse setts which-eotainate: | . viegtigible mow tof tie —set) en | ‘rca eben “sate | me al VS oe ee Coavse- silseadl z 4a precable hy the size er “Sieve - et et -which \s the -Cleeur side Boren ~~ Square opening of he mesh at a Eu voll.Ay B24 Aine-se sete le Cewes-fyaekion 6 Lacoapie soit —e ‘Noukion, See by _ he oe lesz eae —— 2 gS weet “al sedimerthadion nee eon Le “1 u 61 y = @ Sa Cydvom cher em Shore's law gives the ? velocity ( = Ze) ah which «sph spherical of oD 2 7 a a —_ as _ “particle Seltles iM 4. $36 PENSION -a 5 -—> V2) whee” De dw of the spaical -particte <3 water which ts Used im Zire fistance Settled by the tert — PVEPAMMY the sus pensy OME Re 4 eea ee -- ~Htekes tate does-not-«pply. on-particles:-lave “larder to on 2 wi sa at ferices 4 finer -than-o-co 2m eg “heen targerfartictes Tee Tere cack Salter —partiefes wilt be-at bitesErancreee ikon penta Basle , A ria whe Mad woh wa ber: rete enc a The Size obaineat by this method -{s-e.calleathehe ( Fi re ae a ae _ se, ore I yg ok 1 Aveameter oka sphere oh the SANE “vant weight 45 “a _ Fent te the Size, sent Ren = ia, Se 2 eae GN Re Gass Fa ‘ Te vesu\ts of pagbtele Size analyses ave Presence] 9, agli eally vot Semi-log -qyaph = Paper -jwwhich: the size 1p Qresendecl GA the - hori Zonbel LseriHhe _ ' sea a ao oe ot ana ae a ee the Perc ewer‘ a Sessa es ‘ » Size distibutten » Crve ~Go Fee ies ED This iS seenie Ane casinectvg. bebe of coarse “Soils 2LIS> (ota “gs, 4 ate ee Can be scotia i he Ste coh the tarfide Site a a stolen cae a qi, ae ep Feaz Soiled evel hoot} o-thery plas Piety Father they Segara naar Sinan) ’ 9 Fel ego fees me re Sand and qvavel) throw aa theiy 4Vadati on > by the pavhcle size dis tribution: aces wz Rich. is rebaZigayvan wee ¢ ae ste fet the get aoe eens oo ty os exec ek ei. smaller to Hee mhoees pp Behe TE can algo Ve lia bal ie Rao ae oder a wilt ‘3 = woesewe et ate te 4a eR ee eos Zee cach nei i real 4a ae < — & Step 2 oS Pe 3 ade ae ! al = eS a e Eta zi ' Ce cordy 3 Soil ' ¥ 7 . nay 2Vyea the size Corrostoncig 457 to Amkner tan in cece oo aso 7) ee th es ae =p, , me 4 i” So REZ Pro has special =| \ Cwpeance Seid =] thea eines eo = 7 . T= | am 3 Dat p, lors lgcs r Sige Din(mm El A ! ! | BA AA BAA AAA AAA eA == ~ - -— —— ae DNS gens a ea Le th betas| Te ao < — Sets SF CK & ki i ee graded soy Posy - -gadeck a = ae igre | Die Pod ee (ots sates cm 4) pees | Dede” SUG PO’ >» 5 Kot between Qi —danol 8 _- _ Mod a Sal ae = Lyte oe: Naded send, 7SOOO SOV VVVvVvIwvwesvsasveseeseuvuvuvv Ve : lel a | plasaa ee Bue pits -ate—chavacker( zed 4 —— F Shc lle ) s , . . oe gees ey, reat withe Cywrnling, Se crack as > War te NG rie as ag Anal er | SRe) Cs —L | sme se Lepeuds ot She fc of yen tema ; ! fat F > ae a mani ol hese wimeyals + 1 ea ree, F - | v TFs — vicky 4 a % . Cee, i SN a ; a — ice enAOR SY, Sl ls a3 Cesk S —_ —_ : ve per een wth rent Sau the-setta: a aime soa ar exist Wore oa We oe See en LB to eke Shads Pha specimen of a aie tw Mae liquid state iS lek 2 dtrg_out om nmastuve, _ ipsa PRWeb os, eae es Noy agoraton at Beage Gran He Wye sdate 3 = eS ee hse cor esti et Bac sul SNe Bas Bree die fst ae av Aas adoceeria! aS emi-= od fakes wih ae euyese hm velue Peewee TAihe quot varnied ta sfecimen'e 2) o4 lashic — aah elle aL ig — ligt Line < SAPs lid ae En gee ree a hep met. eT 2 Vee_wd2te wos = { e ve —— | pls a z 4 a eS a tute (te Vs] swe {sh wit Fi xTARAS ah is RQLFoown——"F ic x ata 4 ee walerconfent which makes-the S age — ) eam ree NEES =m ) Whe Values of these -Limiks differ from. soil -be Soil Any “Soil ; a in Ground “hus a Cerbetin -value for, the water -Contené : vn iS. EE the ratuval water content (Won) Mest eee aErEPET areTR coe eee Ul Met sy : Syne_Seils “iM Wadure nave Oh) Yebueen He! ligtuel anal pest hor a a9 =a Rg Sh Asoe rent the terle Ri pier in a Gene y= Di ead WTC ‘ et iron ic omens! Cle Pa p= =p te ee | ofa Me Above example Paid pate Poe ‘ Lee Ley seth oti ¢ 7S Backes “STt_ afer Cea| sate = plachedy Rathe- by} + a Wp Lrnid-ke— LE eit SS dpa fag Wh bop vee! Gn nafuval weer content -o& The Seil SPecimen | \s yeeros : The i i Pligg oA tial Tee wey LyeA il She sailed fhe Luauid Cid Codes Wy) [peo 2 6G ROR PLPC Nit =) O< TEST when 9p Wu Le ake Sant rSemn thes | , peeaadedeees ‘ : a steerer PH ee Clay sized Hacion Fo WS Weignt finer tran Gor Wwse Si enn en Chron thetsSichc) 15 17% assem (HS they = a : Je aie ssactive Sr} — = ( ( c ( ( 4 « « « - fet — aX inaehive So ; v & = viorwaat ST z 4 alive Sif zy a ails "Gp —- aeWe) Ae 463 i woe Moc 1 ewe be ; No Pe fake Wor aud 3 flow-cur ve Bh),Re _ ze = s a a ste fon ae Te awh fe * _ e* hep er ei Yr te) ao aie ee es = = — WaW yg 3-2 Sam a lesfl, FL Lng, He =aTH ’ ( ( i Vex Vee sista eee se = ( ms — Toughness tides tea at Aygo (ce a. a / Wl e ___ 2 29h )} eS Sega chine ea aan ween went ine oT ot aie 304 PreeresT IS SS CRS : or) “the 3 “The wate content “ater dust enough wate 75 a es | alder fo Gall The veld 1 ae oF the Sei ) ) : roe Liyireee aha ae a a ii Me at he sfedtie gmt, , ae rs Where (7 Volume -of alyy ol par | a iz ‘a Cane Ms = mass of sellc Sa i Pwadensity sofa a a ee a i i | | | | | , | t aae on -desenfhnirnk lass ation 2 Sides jest coe descriphen she oul incl \ude the Pi ole _ - — "are f p i que Fo a erick Gol Waberal Orava CFeniShS Mes chavacterishis” ete | ae &gvading On ml ashasy or" tne Souls) | RIN rags, ce her chatachani sag ael Soot celany and oat of Soil shpe and tegture of sail povdicles | 7 ys + > > samples ave usually sed foie this pay’ of soil sis > > Ay WE Cheaper “EI ——celemapeiien— Potion 5 - — sean deals eyo ring fae tne ES ay oe Sabie onomdSledidadsanar lig Diclabed — ¢ ¢ sal aa Catt be ase is Parases th Ba. ATR Z) ) ) ) ) > » engineering pro? hea ls Se - Nighucbek Se\ “Samiles Samp San\savatles which fe Sint | tke ‘yest So\\ essed “properties excep She soit tees steht = Rese Samples oe guihavle Loe alse} la +est excep the fests cused be Sind the enginecr iva saikprfevties| | sae mts —— seein ~~ | \pecautse the vesatts=of nese teste Wig ache “ony a oe siwathare oe aSO ate class theahtrrs= Sait elessiGicadion is dette A dh cael aN clase; Cethion system 1S Shah one -Whic epetds._ ma cample tests be allecake a sah. within cheol ifs Groups Most sev cath ae wan edsire} esait we cise or § il | ince or wit ' ae at sano

se i OO « Problem iwplies. -Cayther Ayesha tort _ er ( ‘onsit_sobiel=-usic sah aes tne = == | He be prckical wd sell -aclasifieaton aston met oe-webased | Gs — Merge oykesp BER py re lt eg irs) om Sinple. se . Whawiararalysnl sri Se poco ules ugel-syslen-is he e- fied Soll clsitreator sosten HScg} Oe Aicused in nee page @ ai¥ ey ee es) » > (a ) ee > ? ) ran Use rmefiect~ Sei classiGrcation Sys ee ay ep Ay twor casagvange. developed. Hats fe tomy Fe OM coe sree PE) peg SSRIS Sse Tea SSeS y dhay ing te -wovleh way EE -C\g4-B)=-Since pean th Wes been edad4 € eave she this Appear tit deel- inte CE =a ee eos a nea fo-thet dprecket tion BE gettetyine? Bi) — ee \ erry «4 pay ST to-(4) coup aan Fepresent The Wighlyorgante:sett srtew7jell - =. ere — > “= Saetee anes ¢, EU, day ae cers PTS, a a Qc eee a “Wl Ye si Wa Base: lh Nn CaS is Collews oy oY ze ee eerie | —ceecor dina hing be the SES = GEDGrong name? vata he te Soll nel ian ae iid, {« Tie retorted a wes a Naan Reads . amy. Se i oe Call renee (25) Geeupinnt theater ———_ —— seme axing ve —gyour Symbol -criel- > » & ? ~ J J > > f -tynpor tent Vote. eS pecs yo When dhe soi\_cenkains fo cobbles an Fase oe ) ipsa + ie ee oe ee a hE — > ‘ > oe Ss > Fine—ayaimed sel\S aan ave Py may y silt Ben Clay ) —~—teserensaey Sremimst snd on eersea ; a tess Contain smal proportion:-of Sand-and even gravel > aerate URSA ST ; + ad soits-ave aiictect are Cok ge “net eaicat ane ese sister = 5 oe Niscstcrde) eespainsiss; These Sans Cantey ee ene ar -ynatber ie! ’ ee ee “eg GPS ae ee ee cee Sion b= chs MH | i el cts foro tet ermine the propel Caireup-syibolandetermine-the timid | nd Cage Seat) ae plastic tlastaly thet A a SA et Se * je The Proper are = ne inthe ‘ase — a _F tows chart given mn (is.5) eg~ ord eee or TaaA aa! percentage Se of organi: matter ut consist prin ily 2 ‘nocganite grmeral -pavticles = differ fron “igh: “genie — as gtepetit vee a SA gyoup spmbal Py ee — stage eestor: gos IS =a Jo-decide- whether ae Ervcersale im Yes "yemporaaure Ty Gel) and ie — of aspec} il Aes ee ine dlyying Process -will-vestulh in a Yeaterion ih _.. ia eee rs a x (celuxe=e a ee ) as _ Ee ey Sethe 4 cot) then }he soit is organic hing == i Se ap Soh — Ye ste sey +S — ae “hyraines! re 5 ess AS: Categer Mdludes: he Pellewing SYOUPS "ee. 7 ls La ho) e 2-3 reups. as. “ oe 52) - FH —to-deteymin= the group—symbeol-anctre-gH- ao o CaiGceceetet of Coarse oe sails 8 e ae LY seis ae we sess matron CoavSe _gyaine ‘ e -@ =. 6 q é Lesc_ Way nal epee Ae these sai\s-hases- St eee ee tr tpi dbschrerle \ a oe 5; Wore Way at eee Steam ee oh _Sieve =Ma+22 “oe x Mote tha SRF alee er sine dete adaty cher sto | Case ee Sil ate divided ‘be wo -€' Ettegories = Sands Wwhich -% of Sank YX ot gravel = Cyavels-aywnith%-e f send of gavel (or Ba 7 ses — ates “te eos , ~ prmETE 1 FS ae a a ae 5 gyavels aye at Ree Itobe Kae LAS aos an a RL ; oc > fount 0 Sal 7 % i ae pe Peso sim) av > - aes wet GP for gyavels- Ee, Bel yn pad SER eI y Criterion As Uli zed inthe classification in this case (re Cua Co a Coalge 4\ain Chart stew nlhig/ Bow Example} Give {tte — sie by ms 2X5 = te Re ne Vequtd tama. om dRG Pleated | Sat Boe Nebo _ € stassify He sei} Steet te the USCS _ Ore\S “Sees — SS Se Conbains tro Cobble’ awa f_ayavel. oan = Fes 92=S | 2 8 sand = by — fro = 92= SI=ar= uc edna ag wl= Eee *<6e . i use Rigas fest staal ue sel plotsas AL& aye / ESSE ae SE ea »» els 2 and a Ie ley) EeeExn2) ——-GAvey~* thats LL (ed) = 3X —ph-= 33 ____— sel7 4 noe = S56 be Fine d¥ained Go ss Sveut Smbol- Ott = « [b= By pL-=33= Haase ee me fates MiP oa r « ‘i . re a i sl wi y of sand tah, HK of Sand = Ly- beoo => 90 -b = 35 34 4 7 of gravel =o <5 SS Srp atte- arent -spitpn Sp —— A Fa : avon -yaane tery graded sind-with a SK ith 4 abbtes (Celuxe(———SS : a ne ae |_phase ReladioushigS— ot i ae Solis a multi phace__system because th cals, ae O8 either Awe oy wee phases as_given Velow 2 ee f- ee\\d phase Cppineralaeleton” which YS ro sali a WAM ered— fartclisn Es A 1 cn aie 2- Fluid phase whieh 15 the Suid eee pove < = Cee anand the. ats ee kee ote ges Co all Se a Zac a ee rs airy We me, ae Geog te Sen} oF — = Sn uly tee = 5 ea Pere spaces are fi Prenaitin M_(3x) se yy hoist or Pan tialhy eahivatert Ihe Pateastaces—a¥e pshayect nme corafor Whig -wiakethe SA three —Prrase Te p Sestery Wasa Certain mass ah Ev—awy Soil specimen: > -each Phase eee ey. a Certain Volume =the: a eset, score ef -ynasses— And 4 Le umes off —the-diffevent-phase—iw-aSeil sPeciment ave = = Ve syste ab oe ee