Una Lectura de Paul Ricoeur

FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA - UBA / SECRETARÍA DE INVESTIGACIONES / ANUARIO DE INVESTIGACIONES / VOLUMEN XXV
LA RELECTURA SEGÚN PAUL RICOEUR

DE LA SEGUNDA TÓPICA
THE READING OF PAUL RICOEUR OF THE SECOND TOPIC
Herbert, Arturo J.1
RESUMEN ABSTRACT
(OSURSyVLWRGHHVWHDUWtFXORVHUHODFLRQDFRQH[DPLQDUHO 7KHSXUSRVHRIWKLVDUWLFOHLVWRH[DPLQHWKHFKDQJHDQG
SDVRHLQWURGXFFLyQJUDGXDOGHODVHJXQGDWySLFDDSDUWLU LQWURGXFWLRQZKLFKZHQWJUDGXDOO\RQWKHVHFRQGWRSLFRU
GHOSHQVDPLHQWRGH5LFRHXU6HVLJXHODWUD\HFWRULDSUR- VSDFHEDVHGRQWKHWKRXJKWRI3DXO5LFRXHU7KLVIROORZV
SXHVWDSRUHVWH¿OyVRIRODFXDOVHJXLUiHOSUHVHQWHRUJD- WKHOLQHSURSRVHGE\WKLVSKLORVRSKHURUJDQL]HGE\WKLV
QL]DFLyQD(VWDQXHYDSUHVHQWDFLyQWySLFDWLHQHHVXQ PRGHDWKLVQHZVSDWLDOSUHVHQWDWLRQLVWKHUHVXOWRIWKH
UHVXOWDGRGHODJUDGXDO\SURJUHVLYDLQFOXVLyQGHORVDQi- JUDGXDODQGSURJUHVVLYHLQFOXVLRQRIWKHDQDO\VLVRIRWKHU
OLVLVDRWURVHIHFWRVGHVHQWLGRDUWHUHOLJLyQHWFE(VWD VHQVHHIIHFWVDUWUHOLJLRQHWFE7KLVUHSHUFXVVLRQLV
UHSHUFXVLyQQRHVGLUHFWDVLQRTXHHVJHQHUDGDSRUXQ QRWGLUHFWEXWLVJHQHUDWHGE\WKHWUDFNLQJRIWKHRULJLQVRI
UDVWUHRSRUORVRUtJHQHVGHODVGLYHUVDVH[SUHVLRQHVGHOD WKHGLYHUVHH[SUHVVLRQVRIWKHUHODWLRQEHWZHHQGHVLUHDQG
UHODFLyQHQWUHHOGHVHR\ODDXWRULGDGTXHVHDQDOL]DURQ DXWKRULW\WKDWZLOOEHDQDO\]HGHQWKHZULWLQJVVXFKDV
HQORVWH[WRVWDOHVFRPRTótem y tabúRPsicología de la ³7RWHPDQGWDERR´RU³3V\FKRDQDO\VLVDQGWKHPDVVHV
masas y análisis del yoGHORVFXDOHVVHH[WUDHQDOJXQDV DQGWKH,´LQVXFKZD\WKH\FDQEHVRPHFRQFOXVLRQVF
FRQFOXVLRQHVF(VWRWLHQHLPSRUWDQWHVUHSHUFXVLRQHVHQ 7KHUH DUH LPSRUWDQW FRQVHTXHQFHV LQ WKH FRQFHSWXDO
HOVLVWHPDFRQFHSWXDO\DHVWDEOHFLGRODPHWDSVLFRORJtD V\VWHPDOUHDG\HVWDEOLVKWKHPHWDSV\FKRORJ\WKDWWDNHV
ODFXDOOOHYDDLQFOXLU\VXSHUSRQHUHOOXJDUGHODPRUDOLGDG WRLQFOXGHDQGVXSHUSRVHWKHSODFHRIWKHUHODWLRQZLWKWKH
GHQWURGHODSDUDWRSVtTXLFR(VWRWLHQHJHQHUDFRPRUHVXO- VXEMHFWDQGPRUDODXWKRULW\LQGHSV\FKLFDSSDUDWXV
WDGRDODLQVWDQFLDGHOV~SHU\RTXH5LFRHXUPDQWXYRFRQ
UHVSHFWRDHVWDQXHYDSUHVHQWDFLyQGHOHVSDFLRSVtTXLFR .H\ZRUGV:
6HFRQG7RSLF6XSHUHJR+HUPHQHXWLFV5LFRXHUDQG
Palabras clave: )UHXG
6HJXQGDWySLFD6~SHU\R+HUPHQpXWLFD5LFRHXU \
)UHXG
1
UBACyT. Universidad Mondragón México. E-mail: arturoj.herbert@gmail.com
DE LA PÁGINA 203 A LA 209 203

LA RELECTURA SEGÚN PAUL RICOEUR DE LA SEGUNDA TÓPICA
Herbert, Arturo J.
'HORUHSULPLGRDORUHSUHVRU (O\R
5LFRHXUFRPLHQ]DUHÀH[LRQDUVREUHODVHJXQGDWySLFD\ (O\RWLHQHVXLQFOXVLyQQR\DFRPRXQSURFHVRVHFXQGD-
KDFLD ORV DQiOLVLV SRVWHULRUHV D OD SUHVHQWDFLyQ GH ORV ULRVLQRFRPRXQOXJDUSHUVRQDTXHVHUH¿HUHDFXHVWLR-
DQiOLVLVGHORVVXHxRVFRQOOHYDQXQFDPELRWHPiWLFR\ QHVPXFKRPiVDOOiGHORTXHFRUUHVSRQGtDDODUHODFLyQ
WHyULFR(VWRFRPSRUWDTXHHQYH]GHLUKDFLDODUHSUHVLyQ HQWUHHO\RFRQODFRQFLHQFLDSRUORWDQWRKD\XQDDSOLFD-
FRVD\DDQDOL]DGDHQORVHVFULWRVGHODPHWDSVLFRORJtD FLyQ GH GLFKD LQVWDQFLD FRPR VLVWHPD SHUFHSFLyQFRQ-
LQFOXVRXQRGHHOORVOOHYDHOWtWXORGHGLFKRSURFHVROD FLHQFLD'HKHFKR5LFRHXUKDFHKLQFDSLpHQ)UHXGGRQGH
UHSUHVLyQ FRPR DUWLFXOR QHXWUR VLQR TXH pO VXJLHUH OD HO\RQXQFDFRUUHVSRQGHH[DFWDPHQWHDODFRQFLHQFLD\
LQFOXVLyQGHODVHJXQGDWySLFDVHHQIRFDSURJUHVLYDPHQ- WDPELpQVHGLIHUHQFLDGHOGHYHQLUFRQVFLHQWHHO\RHVXQD
WHHQOD¿JXUDGHOUHSUHVRUHVGHFLUKDFLDODKLVWRULDGH LQVWDQFLDHQWpUPLQRVGHUHODFLRQHVOLELGLQDOHV\DHVWDEOH-
DOJXLHQHVWHFDPELRHVMXVWL¿FDGRSRUTXHDTXHODUHSUH- FLGDVHQWUHORVGXDOLVPRVOLELGRGH\R\OLELGRGHREMHWROR
VLyQFRPRWDO³no tiene historia SRUTXHHOFDUiFWHUSULQFLSDO FXDOGHULYDHQXQDIXQFLyQHUyWLFDGHO\RTXHVHHQFXHQ-
del inconsciente esta fuera de tiempo, lo que tiene historia WUD UHODFLRQDGR FRQ DPDUVHU DPDGR RGLDUVHU RGLDGR
es el represor; historia del hombre desde la infancia a la GRPLQDURVHUGRPLQDGR/RFXDOH[SUHVDXQDGLIHUHQFLD
edad adulta, e historia de los hombres desde….la pre- HQWUHODFRQFLHQFLDSXHVHVWDSDUD)UHXGWLHQHTXHYHU
historia hasta la historia” 5LFRHXU S (VWH FRQORH[WHULRU\VXUHODFLyQFRQORVtQGLFHVGHSHUFHSFLyQ
FDPELRRFXUULySRUGHVSOD]DPLHQWRWHPiWLFR\RWURPHWR- 3HURHVWRHVGLIHUHQWHGHVHUFRQVFLHQWH\DTXHVHHVWD-
GROyJLFRTXHFRQOOHYDQDODWHRUtDGHODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQD EOHFHDWUDYpVGHXQDDQDORJtDHQWUHORVtQGLFHVGHSHU-
EXVFDUODVIXHQWHVTXHEXVFDQHVWDEOHFHUXQD¿ORJpQHVLV FHSFLyQ \ VX UHODFLyQ FRQ OR H[WHULRU R HO SULQFLSLR GH
\RQWRJpQHVLVTXHSHUPLWDQGDUFXHQWDGHOFDUiFWHUUH- UHDOLGDGSRUHVWRVHJ~Q5LFRHXU)UHXGORGHQRPLQDVLV-
FRQVWUXFWLYRTXHVHIXQGDDODKRUDGHODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQ WHPDGH3&VRSHUFHSFLyQFRQVFLHQFLDDVtODFXHVWLyQ
GHORVIHQyPHQRVLQFRQVFLHQWHVLQFOX\HQGRODKLVWRULDGHO HVHQFRPRXQRGHYLHQHFRQVFLHQWHGHVGHHOLQWHULRUFRQ
UHSUHVRU OR FXDO 5LFRHXU VXJLHUH TXH VHUFRQVFLHQWH R GHYHQLU
$KRUDVHJ~Q5LFRHXUORLPSRUWDQWHFRPRWDOQRFRQVLVWH FRQVFLHQWHWLHQHTXHYHUFRQXQDH[SUHVLyQGHGRPLQLRGH
HQDQDOL]DUHVWRVPRGHORV¿ORJHQpWLFRVXRQWRJHQpWLFRV VtPiVTXHGDUFXHQWDGHODDGDSWDELOLGDGGHORVHVWtPX-
FRPRH[SOLFDFLRQHVFLHQWt¿FDVFRPRWDOVLQRHQHVWDEOH- ORVH[WHUQRVSRUPHGLRGHODSHUFHSFLyQ
FHU FRRUGHQDGDV GH FyPR HVWDV KLVWRULDV GHO UHSUHVRU
DIHFWDDOGHVHRUHFRUGDQGRTXHHVWRFRQVLVWHHQHVWDEOH- (OV~SHU\R
FHUUHODFLRQHVHQWUHGRVGLVFXUVRVTXHVHFRPSOHPHQWDQ (QHOFDStWXOR,,,GHO El yo y ello es GRQGHVHLQWURGXFHSRU
HQWUHVtHOKHUPHQpXWLFRHOFXDOSHUPLWHDQDOL]DUWRGRVORV SULPHUDYH]ODH[SUHVLyQV~SHU\R\SRGUtDSDUHFHUTXHVH
IHQyPHQRVHQGRQGHVHGHVFXEUDORVHIHFWRVGHOGREOH FRQIXQGHFRQHOLGHDOGHO\R3HURVHJ~Q5LFRHXUVXGLIH-
VHQWLGR\HOHQHUJpWLFRHOFXDOLQWHQWDGDUFXHQWDGHWRGRV UHQFLDUDGLFDHQORVLJXLHQWHPLHQWUDVTXHLGHDOGHO\RHV
ORV PHFDQLVPRV MXQWR FRQ VXV SURFHVRV HQ GRQGH VH XQFRQFHSWRGHVFULSWLYRHQFXDQWRVXFXDOLGDGSDUDHO\R
FRQFHSWXDOLFHXQMXHJRHQWUHIXHU]DV HOV~SHU\RVHWUDWDGHXQDLQVWDQFLDSRUORWDQWROHFRUUHV-
$KRUD HV YHUGDGHUR TXH GHVGH VLHPSUH SDUD 5LFRHXU SRQGH XQ OXJDU PHWDSVLFROyJLFR \ OD SHUWHQHFHQ WUHV
FRPRSDUD)UHXGHVWDWHPiWLFDVVHKDQHQFRQWUDGRLPSOt- IXQFLRQHVDGHREVHUYDFLyQGHVtTXHVHUH¿HUHDODYL-
FLWDPHQWHHVGHFLU\DRFXUULHURQFXDQGRVHDQDOL]DODV JLODQFLDSHUPDQHQWHSRUODVDFFLRQHVTXHUHDOL]DHOVXMH-
GLIHUHQWHVIRUPDFLRQHVGHOLQFRQVFLHQWHGHQWURGHODH[- WREODFRQFLHQFLDPRUDOODFXDOVHUH¿HUHDHOFDUiFWHU
SHULHQFLDDQDOtWLFDPLVPDQRSRUHOORPXFKDVGHODVYHFHV FUXHO\SURKLELWLYRTXHPDQWLHQHVREUHHOVXMHWR\FHOLGHDO
HOSVLFRDQiOLVLVVHYHGH¿QLGRFRPRXQWUDEDMRHQFRQWUD GHO\RHOFXDOVHSUHVHQWDKDFLDDO\RTXHLQWHQWDDVHPH-
GHODVUHVLVWHQFLDVODFXDOHV¿JXUDQVLHPSUHODKLVWRULD MDUVHRKDFHUVHXQDLPDJHQGHHVHLGHDOODVFXDOHVSHU-
SHUVRQDOGHOVXMHWR3HURORTXHVHLQWHQWDHQHVWHDUWtFX- PLWHQHVWDEOHFHUXQDJpQHVLVGHVFULSWLYDGHOV~SHU\R
ORHVWUDWDUGHRUJDQL]DU\WHPDWL]DUODUHODFLyQHQWUHOR 6LJXLHQGRD5LFRHXUHOVHxDODDOGHWDOOHGHODJpQHVLVGH
UHSUHVRU\ORUHSULPLGRMXQWRFRQVXGHVSOD]DPLHQWRKDFLD ODLQVWDQFLDGHOV~SHU\RQRVHUHPLWHDQDGDTXHSXHGD
ODH[SRVLFLyQPHWDSVLFROyJLFDHQODVHJXQGDWySLFD&RVD SDVDU SRU REVHUYDEOH GHELGR D TXH HVWD QR VH IRUPD
TXHSDUD5LFRHXUVHUHÀHMDHQHOUHVXOWDGRGHVXH[SRVL- FRQIRUPHODVHPHMDQ]DGHORVSDGUHVVLQRDWUDYpVGHO
FLyQHVSDFLDO\DTXHODVLQVWDQFLDVFRPRWDOUHÀHMDQXQ V~SHU\RGHORVSDGUHVSRUORWDQWRUHVXOWDLPSRVLEOHOR-
FDUiFWHUPHQRVWySLFR\PiVRQWROyJLFRWDOFRPRORPXHV- FDOL]DU REMHWLYDPHQWH VX JHQpWLFD HQ FDPELR SDUD 5L-
WUDODWULDGD\RHOOR\V~SHU\RTXHVHGLVFXWLUiDKRUDFRQ FRHXUOHSDUHFHTXHHVWDVHHVWDEOHFHFRPRXQDSDUDJp-
PiVGHWDOOH(VWDVHHQFXHQWUDUHSUHVHQWDGDVHJ~Q5L- QHVLVHVGHFLUXQGHVDUUROORSURJUHVLYRGHHVWDLQVWDQFLD
FRHXUHQXQDYDULDFLyQGHSURQRPEUHVSHUVRQDOHVHOHOOR D SDUWLU GH VXV IXQFLRQHV TXH DQWHULRUPHQWH KDEtDPRV
FRQORDQyQLPRHO\RFRQORSHUVRQDORODSULPHUDSHUVR- GHVFULWRORTXHSXHGHVHUSDVDEOHDXQGDWRFXDOLWDWLYR
QD\ORVXSUDSHUVRQDOTXHVHUHÀHMDHQORVLGHDOHV\YD- VRQODVIXQFLRQHV\QRHOV~SHU\R
ORUHV TXH OOHYD FRQVLJR D PRGL¿FDFLRQHV GHQWUR GH OD 3RUORWDQWR5LFRHXUVHxDODTXHFRQHVWDGHVFULSFLyQGHO
WHRUtDGH)UHXGODFXDOVHSDVDDH[DPLQDUFRQPiVUHIH- V~SHU\RQRFRQYLHQHGHPDQGDUOHDOSVLFRDQiOLVLVHOSUR-
UHQFLDVKDFLDHVWRVOXJDUHV5LFRHXU EOHPDGHVXIXQGDPHQWRHQWDQWRTXHFRQFLHUQHDODpWLFD
GHELGRDTXHHQHVWDWHRUtDJpQHVLVTXLHUHGHFLUIXQGD-
PHQWRHQWDQWRHVWDVIXQFLRQHV(VGHFLUTXHHOSVLFRD-
QiOLVLVWHQGUtDTXHIXQGDPHQWDUODFXHVWLyQRULJLQDULDHQ
204 DE LA PÁGINA 203 A LA 209

WRUQRDOD¿QDOLGDGGHODREVHUYDFLyQGHVLODFRQFLHQFLD UHVSRQGHDUROHVVRFLDOHVTXHRFXSDQXQOXJDUGHQWURGH
PRUDO \ ORV LGHDOHV (Q FDPELR Vt SXHGH SUHVHQWDU ODV ODFRPXQLFDFLyQLQWHUVXEMHWLYD\FRWLGLDQDDHVFODUHFHU
IXHQWHV GH HVWD SUREOHPiWLFD HQWHQGLHQGR SRU IXHQWHV SRUHOLQWHUMXHJRHQWUHDQDOLVWD\SDFLHQWH$VtHOHOORSDVD
VRODPHQWH HO WUDEDMR GH LQWHUSUHWDFLyQ UHDOL]DGR SRU pO DVHUHOOXJDUGHORQHXWURH[SXOVDGDGHODFRPXQLFDFLyQ
SVLFRDQDOLVWDHQWRUQRDHVWDVSUREOHPiWLFDVPRUDOHVTXH S~EOLFDORFXDOVHSRGUtDQRVHSRGUtDPDQLIHVWDUDVLQRD
QRVHYDDERUGDUHQHVWHPRPHQWR\DTXHVHPDQWLHQHQ WUDYpVGHORVPHFDQLVPRVGHGHIHQVD(O\RVHUtDODLQV-
UHODFLRQHVFRQODLGHQWL¿FDFLyQHVWRHVGHELGRDODSUR- WDQFLDTXHDVHJXUDODFHQVXUD\ODWDUHDGHODSUXHEDGH
EOHPiWLFDPHWDSVLFROyJLFDTXHVHHVWDEOHFHHQWUHFDWH[LD UHDOLGDGUHFRUGDQGRTXHHVWDQRVHUH¿HUHDUHDOLGDG
HLGHQWL¿FDFLyQ\UHTXLHUHXQDH[WHQVLyQTXHQRVGHVYtD QDWXUDOVLQRDODLGHQWL¿FDFLyQFRQORVUROHVVRFLDOHVDG-
GHORVSURSyVLWRVGHHVWHDUWtFXOR PLWLGRVSRUFRQVHQVR(OV~SHU\RODLQVWDQFLDGHODSURKL-
ELFLyQ H LQWHULRUL]DFLyQ GH OD DXWRULGDG VRFLDO \ TXH
(OHOOR FHQVXUDDO\R\HVWH~OWLPRSDVDDVHUWRGRDTXHOORHQOR
(VODLQVWDQFLDPHQRVFRQRFLGDVHJ~Q)UHXGODFXDOVH TXHPHUH¿HURDOVtPLVPR$GHPiVSHUPLWHFRPSUHQGHU
UH¿HUHDODUHJLyQGRQGHVHDOEHUJDQODVSXOVLRQHVSRUOR ORVPRWLYRVGHFHQVXUDVLQFRQVFLHQWHVDWUDYpVGHODLQV-
WDQWRHQHVWDQXHYDWySLFDSDVDVHUHOOXJDUSURSLRGHOLQ- WDQFLDGHOV~SHU\RTXHSHUPLWHLQWHJUDUHOSDSHOGHOD
FRQVFLHQWH(VWHHVHOPHQRVFRQRFLGRVHJ~QODWHRUtD H[FOXVLyQDOQLYHOGHODFRPXQLFDFLyQGHFDUiFWHUPRUDO
SVLFRDQDOtWLFDGH)UHXGGHELGRTXHVLHPSUHIXH\HVLQ- +DEHUPDVS
FRQVFLHQWHVRODPHQWHSXHGHVHUFRQRFLGRPHGLDQWHVXV 6LHPSUH\FXDQGRVHWUDWHGHHPSDUHQWDUORVUROHVFRPX-
SUHVHQWDFLRQHVUHSUHVHQWDWLYDVH[SUHVDGDVDWUDYpVGH QLFDWLYRVH[FOXLGRVGHODFRPXQLFDFLyQS~EOLFDFRQ ORV
ORVGHVWLQRVSXOVLRQDOHVSRUHOORVHHQFXHQWUDUHSUHVHQWD- SURFHVRVGHUHSUHVLyQTXHSDUDHODXWRUVHDVHPHMDQDOD
GR EDMR HO SURQRPEUH GH OR DQyQLPR $Vt SXHV GH ORV HVWLJPDWL]DFLyQVRFLDOTXHDVXYH]VHUHSUHVHQWDQHQORV
FDPELRVTXHVXUJLHURQDOUHIRUPXODUPHWDSVLFROyJLFDPHQ- HQXQFLDGRVPHWDSVLFROyJLFRVTXHUHSUHVHQWDQHQHVWH
WHHVWDLQVWDQFLDHVTXHVHSDVyWRGRDTXHOORGHQRPLQDGR FDVRODSDUDJpQHVLVGHODFRPSHWHQFLDFRPXQLFDWLYDGHO
FRPRVLVWHPD,QFFRHOLQFRQVFLHQWHVLVWHPiWLFRDODLQV- VXMHWRHQVRFLHGDG3HURHVLPSRUWDQWHTXHHVWRVLHPSUH
WDQFLDGHOHOORIXHGHQRPLQDGRHOUHVHUYRULRSXOVLRQDO JHQHUDFLHUWRVSURFHVRVLQKLELWRULRV\FRQÀLFWRVRIUXVWUD-
FLRQHVSDUDHOVXMHWRRVLQRXQGHVDUUROORUHODWLYRGHOD
/RVYDVDOODMHVGHO\R LGHQWLGDGKDFLDHO\R$VtODVHJXQGDWySLFDFRQODVYDULD-
$VtOOHJDPRVDOWHPiWLFDGHODGRPLQDFLyQTXHVHKDEtD FLRQHVGHOSURQRPEUHSHUVRQDOHOOR QHXWUR\R PH-
PHQFLRQDGRDQWHULRUPHQWHHQWRUQRDFyPRHO\RGHYLHQH GLDGRURDXWRUHIHUHQFLD\V~SHU\R HOGHEHUMXQWRFRQ
FRQVFLHQWHTXHVHUH¿HUHDODVFRQFHSWXDOL]DFLRQHVTXH VXLQWHUDFFLyQGDQFXHQWDGHXQDKLVWRULDSHUVRQDOTXH
PHQFLRQD)UHXGDFHUFDGHODUHODFLyQHLQWHUDFFLyQHQWUH SURJUHVD\UHJUHVDGHIRUPDREMHWLYD\WLHQHXQSURSyVLWR
ODVQXHYDVLQVWDQFLDVSHURGRQGHVHPXHVWUDTXHHO\R VHJ~QODDXWRFRQFLHQFLDUHÀH[LYDPHQWHDVXPLGD+DEHU-
HVVLHUYRGHOV~SHU\RHOHOOR\ODUHDOLGDGH[WHULRU$TXt PDVS
ODGL¿FXOWDGFRQVLVWHHQHOGRPLQLRGHVLSXHVHO\RHV
DPHQD]DGRGHVGHHOLQWHULRU\DVHDSRUODVGHPDQGDV 'LIHUHQFLDVHQWUHODSULPHUD\VHJXQGDWySLFD
SXOVLRQDOHVTXHUHVLGHQHQHOHOORODVFUtWLFDVSRUQRHVWDU 5LFRHXUEXVFDVLWXDUFLHUWDVGLIHUHQFLDVHQWUHODSULPHUD
DODDOWXUDGHORVLGHDOHVTXHUHVLGHQHQHOV~SHU\R\ODV \ODVHJXQGDWySLFDQRGHVGHHOSXQWRGHYLVWDTXHXQD
DPHQD]DVGHTXHSURYLHQHQGHODUHDOLGDGH[WHULRU3RU VXVWLWX\H D OD RWUD VLQR TXH OD VHJXQGD VH VXSHUSRQH
HVWRHVTXHH[LVWHXQDGLIHUHQFLDHQWUHGHYHQLUFRQVFLHQ- 3HURHVWDVXSHUSRVLFLyQHVGHtQGROH³PHWDIyULFDFRQVH-
WH\GHYHQLU\RSHURVHJ~Q5LFRHXUVLJDPRVHVWDGLIHUHQ- FXHQWHPHQWHGHEHGHWUDWDUHOSUREOHPDGHODORFDOL]DFLyQ
FLDGHELGRDTXHVHUFRQVFLHQWHFRQVLVWHVRODPHQWHSHU- EDMRODVYDULDFLRQHVGHORVSURQRPEUHVSHUVRQDOHV\R
FLELUDOJRGHOH[WHULRUVHU\RVHUH¿HUHGRPLQDUVHVHUXQR HOORV~SHU\R´FRQORVFXDO5LFRHXUVLW~D³ODGLIHUHQFLD
PLVPR SRU HVR HO QHXUyWLFR FRQVLVWH HVSHFLDOPHQWH HQ HQODFXDOLGDGGHODFFHVR\DVHDDODFRQFLHQFLDRGHOD
XQDGHELOLGDGSDUDSRGHUPDQHMDUVHSHURDTXtKD\XQD FRQFLHQFLD´5LFRHXUS(VGHFLUTXHORVFDP-
SUHFLVLyQODFXDOFRQVLVWHHQTXHHOQHXUyWLFRSRVHHFLHU- ELRVGHTXHVHGDQHQWUHODHQHUJpWLFDVHGDQDWUDYpVGH
WDGHELOLGDGXREOLJDFLyQIUHQWHDODPRUDOLGDG3XHVWRTXH UHODFLRQHVGHGRPLQLRRVXPLVLyQGHO\R<DVHDVXPLVLyQ
SRUHOPLVPR)UHXGOHSDUHFLyHOPiVLQWHUHVDQWHGHORV RGRPLQLRDQWHHOHOORDQWHHOPXQGRRDQWHV~SHU\RTXH
YDVDOODMHVHOGHOV~SHU\RHVHOPiVVXJHVWLYRTXHDVX VHVRQDVLJQDGDVODVYDULDFLRQHVGHOSURQRPEUH\FXDOL-
YH]SURSRQH5LFRHXUDUDVWUHDUDSDUWLUGHGRVWH[WRVGH GDGFRQORDQyQLPRORUHDO\ORVXEOLPH
)UHXGTXHLQWHQWDQGDUODFXHQWDGHODJpQHVLVRIXHQWHV $VtHVSHFt¿FDPHQWHODJUDQGLIHUHQFLDHQWUHODSULPHUDFRQ
GHODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQDVtSDUWLPRVDOSULPHURTXHVHUtDORV ODVHJXQGDWySLFDFRQVLVWHHQ³KDFHUHOSURFHVRKLVWyULFR
³7UHVHQVD\RVSDUDXQDWHRUtDVH[XDO´ODFXDOYDDGDUFRQ GHODLQWUR\HFFLyQGHODDXWRULGDGFRUUHVSRQGDXQSURFHVR
ODSDUDJpQHVLVSVLFROyJLFDGHODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQHQUHIHUHQ- HFRQyPLFRGHGLVWULEXFLyQGHORVLQYHVWLPHQWRV<DVtVH
FLDD³7yWHP\WDE~´GDUiFRQODH[SOLFDFLyQGHODDQWUR- HVWDEOHFHXQDFRQH[LyQHQWUHKHUPHQpXWLFD\HFRQyPLFD
SROyJLFDSHURSULPHURVHTXLHUHHVWDEOHFHUXQDGLIHUHQ- HOFRPSOHMRGH(GLSR\DVHKDGHVFLIUDGRHQHOPLWR\HQ
FLDFLyQVLQWpWLFDHQWUHODSULPHUD\VHJXQGDWySLFD ODKLVWRULDHQHOVXHxR\ODVQHXURVLV´ 5LFRHXUS
&DEHPHQFLRQDUTXHQRVROR5LFRHXUHVWiGHDFXHUGRFRQ (VWRQRTXLHUHGHFLUTXHODRWUDTXHGDVXVWLWXLGDVLQR
HVWDLQWHUSUHWDFLyQ-XUJHQ+DEHUPDVHQVXOLEURConoci- TXHODVGRVWySLFDVSHUPLWHQGLIHUHQFLDUGHIRUPDGLIHUHQ-
miento e interés SURSRQH TXH OD VHJXQGD WySLFD WH HO IRQGR SXOVLRQDO 0LHQWUDV TXH OD SULPHUD VLHPSUH

Herbert, Arturo J.
GHSHQGHGHORVtQGLFHVGHUHDOLGDGTXHSRVHHHOVLVWHPD ORVVXHxRV\ORVVtQWRPDVQHXUyWLFRVTXHVHFRPSUHQGHQ
SHUFHSFLyQFRQFLHQFLD\SRUHOORODVLQVWDQFLDVFRQVFLHQWH DSDUWLUGHVXFRPSOHMRGH(GLSRUDVWUHDUODVDSDUWLUGH
SUHFRQVFLHQWHHLQFRQVFLHQWHSDVDQDVHUFXDOLGDGHVSVt- ORVWDE~VUHOLJLRVRV\VXVHPHMDQ]DFRQODVIDQWDVtDVFRQ
TXLFDVSHURVLPXOWiQHDPHQWHSXHGHQVHUH[SXHVWDVPH- HOWRWHPLVPRHQODVFXOWXUDVSULPLWLYDV
WDSVLFROyJLFDPHQWHFRPRLQVWDQFLDVHQFDPELRODVHJXQ- (QWRQFHVSDUWLHQGRGHXQDSUHPLVDEiVLFDODFXDOFRQ-
GDLQWURGXFHORVXEOLPHORFXDOFRQWUDHDVLPLVPDDOJR VLVWHODSURKLELFLyQGHODHQGRJDPLDRODSURKLELFLyQGHO
H[WHULRUDOLQWHULRUGHODSDUDWRSVtTXLFRTXHHVLQWURGXFLGR LQFHVWRHVWiVHJ~Q)UHXGHVODTXHSHUPLWHHVWDEOHFHU
GHIRUPDJUDGXDOEDMRODGLVROXFLyQGHOFRPSOHMRGH(GLSR XQDQRUPDOLGDGVLPEyOLFDTXHRUJDQL]DODLQVWLWXFLyQID-
ORFXDOFRQOOHYDDODWHPiWLFDGHO6~SHU\R PLOLDUHVWDHVGHVFULWDDWUDYpVGHPLHPEURVGHOPLVPR
WyWHPQRSXHGHQPDQWHQHUUHODFLRQHVVH[XDOHVRFDVDU-
7UHVHQVD\RVSDUDXQDWHRUtDVH[XDO VHD¿QGHSHUWHQHFHUDOPLVPRWyWHPORFXDOSHUPLWH
(VWHWH[WRSDUD5LFRHXUSHUPLWHUHPLWLUDODVIXHQWHVSVL- LQVWLWXLUXQDVXVWLWXFLyQUHDOSRUXQDSUiFWLFDVLPEyOLFDHO
FROyJLFDVGHORVIHQyPHQRVPRUDOHVORVFXDOHVHVWDEOH- WDE~ODFXDOFRQVLVWHHQSHUWHQHFHUDOPLVPRWyWHP(V
FHQFLHUWDVSUHPLVDVVREUHODVH[XDOLGDGLQIDQWLO\JHQHUDO DTXtGRQGH5LFRHXUVHxDODODDQDORJtDSRU)UHXGHQWUHOR
GH HVWRV HQVD\RV WUDWDQ GH HVWDEOHFHU ³HO SHVR GH OD TXHHVFULEHDFHUFDGHORVWUHVHQVD\RVHQWUHODJpQHVLV
SUHKLVWRULDHQODVKLVWRULDGHODVH[XDOLGDGGHOKRPEUH SVLFROyJLFD\ODJpQHVLVVRFLDORDQWURSROyJLFDFRQVWLWXL-
XQDSUHKLVWRULDERUUDGDSRUXQDDPQHVLDGHFDUiFWHUVXWLO´ GDSRUODOH\GHODH[RJDPLD
5LFRHXUSHVWHFDUiFWHUSUHKLVWyULFRHKLVWy- $KRUDHVWDFRPSDUDWLYDHQWUHODVQHXURVLVREVHVLYDV\ORV
ULFRVHGDDSDUWLUGHOFRPSOHMRGH(GLSRTXHSRQHHQ WDE~VUHOLJLRVRVSURFHGHGHODVLJXLHQWHPDQHUDDDX-
PDUFKDODLQVWLWXFLyQIDPLOLDU\TXHPiVDGHODQWHVHUiDO VHQFLDGHPRWLYDFLyQGHODVSURKLELFLRQHVESURFHGHGH
QLYHOVRFLDOGHQWURGHODREUDGH)UHXG$KRUDHODUJXPHQ- QHFHVLGDGHV LQWHUQDV F IDFLOLGDG SDUD VHU VXVWLWXLGD D
WRHQORVWUHVHQVD\RVHVHOVLJXLHQWHDORTXHVHWLHQH RWURVREMHWRVTXHFRQVLGHUDSURKLELWLYRVGH[LVWHQFLDGH
TXHLUJHQHUDQGRHVXQDVXVWLWXFLyQ\GHVYtRVGHODVH- DFWRVRFHUHPRQLDOHVTXHSURFHGHQGHODVSURKLELFLRQHV
[XDOLGDGLQIDQWLOODFXDOHVSHUYHUVD\SROLPRUIDORFXDOOR 5LFRHXUSiJ3HURORTXHJHQHUDHVODWHQWD-
KDFHORFRQWUDULRDODVQHXURVLV\EODFXOWXUDVHFRQVWUX- FLyQWHPLGDGHFRPHWHUHODFWRSURKLELGRTXHHVLPSXOVD-
\HDSDUWLUGHODVSXOVLRQHVVH[XDOHVFRQODVDOYHGDGGH GRSRUORVGHVHRVLQFRQVFLHQWHVHVGHFLUHOFRQWUDSXQWR
QRXVDUODVGLUHFWDPHQWH\VLQRDWUDYpVGHODGLVLPXODFLyQ TXHSHUPLWHHPSDOPDUODUHODFLyQIXQGDPHQWDOHQWUH HO
$VtHVWRVLUYHFRPRWHODUGHIRQGRSDUDHVWDEOHFHUKDFLD GHVHRLQFRQVFLHQWH\ODDXWRULGDGORFXDOVHYHUHÀHMDGR
HO FRPSOHMR GH (GLSR \D TXH HVWH FRQVLVWH HQ VDOLU GH D WUDYpV GH ORV VHQWLPLHQWRV GH DPELYDOHQFLD DIHFWLYD
GHVWLQRWUiJLFRDIHFWLYRGHOPLWRGH(GLSR IUHQWHDORVLPSHUDWLYRVPRUDOHV\ODFRQFLHQFLDWDE~6LQ
(VWR HV GHELGR D TXH WUDYpV GHO PRGHOR JHQpWLFR GHO HPEDUJRVHUHPDUFDTXHHOPLVPR)UHXGVHPXHVWUDDQR
GHVDUUROORSVLFRVH[XDODWUDYpVGHODGHVFULSFLyQGHVXV FRQVLGHUDUORVWDE~HVGHXQDVRFLHGDGFRPRXQDQHXURVLV
IDVHVUHWRPDGDVSRU.DUO$EUDKDP/DFXDOHVSHUPLWHQ REVHVLYD VLQR TXH PiV ELHQ VH WUDWDQ GH IRUPDFLRQHV
GHVFULELUODWUD\HFWRULD¿MDGDGHODOLELGRUHDOL]DHQODLQ- VRFLDOHV/DFXHVWLyQTXHVHWUDWDUiHQRWURPRPHQWRHV
IDQFLD\UHXQLUHVWiHQODIDVHJHQLWDOHVGHFLUVHJXLUODV VDEHUVHJ~Q5LFRHXUHQGRQGHVHH[SUHVDQODVGLIHUHQ-
GLVSRVLFLRQHV GH OD PRUDO ³FRP~Q´ $ VX YH] SHUPLWHQ FLDVHQWUHORVWDE~HV\ODVQHXURVLVREVHVLYDVSRUORWDQWR
HVWDEOHFHUXQDGLVWLQFLyQIXQGDPHQWDOGHQWURGHODWHRUtD HVWRUHPLWHDXQSUREOHPDPHWDSVLFROyJLFRTXHQRVHYD
GH)UHXGODFXDOUHFDOFDODUDGLFDOGLVWLQFLyQHQWUHVH[XD- DGHVDUUROODUHQHOSUHVHQWHDUWtFXORSXHVVHWUDWDGHGL-
OLGDG \ JHQLWDOLGDG 3XHVWR TXH OD VH[XDOLGDG FRPR VH IHUHQFLDUHOSULQFLSLRGHSODFHUGHOSULQFLSLRGHUHDOLGDG
KDEtDPHQFLRQDGRDQWHULRUPHQWHHVGHRULJHQSHUYHUVR 6LQHPEDUJRVHSXHGHUHVROYHUGHIRUPDSDUFLDOSXHV
RDUFDLFRTXHH[SUHVDORVGHVHRVLQFRQVFLHQWHVORVFXD- 5LFRHXUVHxDODHVWDSUREOHPiWLFDEDMRORVLQGLFDFLRQHV
OHVVRQLQPRGL¿FDEOHV TXHSUHVHQWD)UHXGFRQUHVSHFWRDOWRWHPLVPR\VXVVH-
3RUHOORODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVTXHDTXtVHUH¿HUHDODVIDPLOLD- PHMDQ]DV EDMR XQD UHODFLyQ LQGLUHFWD FRQ UHVSHFWR DO
UHVWLHQHQODVHJ~Q5LFRHXUODSHQRVDWDUHDGHIRU]DUOD FRPSOHMRGHFDVWUDFLyQGHELGRDTXHHQHOFRPSOHMRGH
UHQXQFLDV D ORV REMHWRV GH VDWLVIDFFLyQ SHUYHUVD X ODV (GLSRVHSUHVHQWDHQUHODFLyQDORVHOHPHQWRVQDUFLVLVWDV
SUiFWLFDVLQIDQWLOHV<DTXHHOKRPEUHFRPRWDODO³SRVHHU´ GHHVWHFRPSOHMR\TXHVHUHSUHVHQWDHQORVVHQWLPLHQWRV
XQDSUHKLVWRULDHVSUHVDGHVXQLxH]\HVWRUHSUHVHQWD GHDPELYDOHQFLDDOD¿JXUDSDWHUQD$VtTXHGDQWDPELpQ
XQD FRQÀLFWLYD LQVDOYDEOH SXHVWR TXH SDUD FRQYLYLU HV FRQMXQWDPHQWHUHODFLRQDGDVODVGRVQRUPDVTXHFRQIRU-
QHFHVDULRUHQXQFLDUDODVVDWLVIDFFLRQHVLQIDQWLOHV8QDGH PDQ OD LQVWLWXFLyQ IDPLOLDU OD SURKLELFLyQ GHO LQFHVWR \
HOODVTXHSHUPLWHLQVWDODUODLQVWLWXFLyQGHQWURGHODIDPLOLD SDUULFLGLRSRUHOOR5LFRHXUFRQFLEHTXHHVWDRUJDQL]DFLyQ
HVODSURKLELFLyQGHOLQFHVWRHOFXDOSDUD)UHXGHVXQRGH HQIRUPDXQLYHUVDOODSUHKLVWRULD\ORTXHHQFDGDFDVRVH
ORVORJURVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVGHODFLYLOL]DFLyQSHURHVWR SUHVHQWDHQIRUPDVLQJXODUSHURFDEHDJUHJDUTXHSDUD
SHUPLWHWUD]DUXQDWUD\HFWRULDKDFLDHODQiOLVLVGHODFLYLOL- )UHXGHVWDOHSHUPLWHGHVFXEULUHOHOHPHQWRUHDOTXHSHU-
]DFLyQORFXDOOOHYDDDQDOL]DUHOWH[WRGHtótem y tabú PLWHODIRUPDFLyQIDPLOLDU\QRFRPRXQDFRQMHWXUD
3RUHVRSDUD5LFRHXUHOOLEURGH7yWHP\WDE~como docu-
7yWHP\WDE~ PHQWRFLHQWt¿FRHVXQHQRUPHFLUFXORYLFLRVRHQODFXDO
(OSURSyVLWRVHJ~Q5LFRHXUGHHVWHWH[WRHVFULWRSRU)UHXG una fantasía del analista responde a la fantasía del anali-
FRQVLVWH HQ UDVWUHDU DQWURSROyJLFDPHQWH XQD VHULH GH zado5LFRHXUSiJGHELGRDOLQWHQWRGH)UHXGSRU
WUDQVSRVLFLRQHVTXHFRQVLVWHHQDSDUWLUGHODWHRUtDGH VLWXDUHOHOHPHQWRUHDOHQXQDHVFHQDSUHKLVWyULFDVLQ

HPEDUJRORTXHVXJLHUHHO¿OyVRIRHVUHWRPDUORFRPRXQ \RRLGHDOGHO\R(QHVWHWH[WRDJUHJDXQSRFRPiVDFHU-
PLWRWUiJLFRHOFXDOUHVSRQGHGHXQDPDQHUDPX\RULJLQDO FDGHOSRUTXH)UHXGFRQVLGHUDTXHODLGHQWL¿FDFLyQHVOD
FRQUHVSHFWRDTXH³ODVRFLHGDGVHDVLHQWDHQDGHODQWH PiVWHPSUDQDH[WHULRUL]DFLyQGHOLJD]yQDIHFWLYDFRQXQ
VREUHHOSHFDGRHQFRP~QVREUHHOFULPHQFRPHWLGRHQ REMHWR\HVSRUTXHDOSULQFLSLRQRKD\IRUPDGHGLIHUHQFLDU
FRP~QODUHOLJLyQVREUHHOVHQWLPLHQWRGHFXOSDELOLGDG OD LQYHVWLGXUD GH REMHWR GH XQD LGHQWL¿FDFLyQ DXQ DVt
VREUHHODUUHSHQWLPLHQWRODPRUDOVREUHODVQHFHVLGDGHV DFODUDTXHKD\GRVSXQWRVGRVSXQWRVGHYLVWD
GHODVRFLHGDGGHXQODGR\VREUHODQHFHVLGDGGHH[SLD- 8QR HV PHGLDQWH HO DFDWDPLHQWR SRU SDUWH GHO \R D OD
FLyQHQHQJHQGUDGDSRUHOVHQWLPLHQWRGHFXOSDELOLGDGHQ UHODFLyQGHREMHWRFRQHOHOORFRQHOFXDOVHHIHFW~DXQ
HORWUR´)UHXGS$VtHOHQIRTXHFRQUHVSHFWRD SURFHVRGHUHSUHVLyQSRUSDUWHGHO\RHQHOFXDOVHGDD
ODYLVLyQGHOKRPEUHVHJ~Q5LFRHXUVXSUREOHPiWLFDQR WUDYpVGHODDOWHUDFLyQGHHVWH\VHUHVLJQDHOREMHWRSHUR
UHVLGHHQODUDFLRQDOL]DFLyQHQWpUPLQRVGHODXWLOLGDG\ FDEHUHFDOFDUTXHHVWDUHVLJQDFLyQQRHVWRWDOVLQRTXHHO
PXFKRPHQRVHQREMHWLYLGDGVLQRHQHOFDUiFWHUDPELYD- \RDWUDYpVGHHVHDFDWDPLHQWRSRUSDUWHGHOHOORVHSHU-
OHQWHGHOFULPHQTXHSRUXQODGRHVOLEHUDGRU\SRURWUR PLWHGHDOJXQDIRUPDPHGLDUFRQHOHOOR3DUDHVWR)UHXG
SURKLELWLYR SRQHHOHMHPSORGHOWyWHP\WDE~HQGRQGHORVFDQtEDOHV
$VtVHSDVDRWUDYH]DVXLQVWLWXFLyQGHELGRDTXHVLOR FRPHQHODQLPDOSURKLELGRSDUDREWHQHUVXIXHU]D\DVt
TXHVHLQWHQWDH[SRQHUDWUDYpVGHQRUPDVHVTXHODSUR- TXHGDU LGHQWL¿FDUVH FRQ pO SRU OR WDQWR VH VRPHWHQ DO
KLELFLyQGHOLQFHVWR\HOSDUULFLGLRFRQODVFXDOHVSHUPLWHQ WDE~$VtVREUHYLHQHXQDDOWHUDFLyQGHO\RDODFXDOVHOH
IRUPDUODVRFLHGDGHVWDVQRSXHGHQHVWDUOLJDGDVSXHVWR SXHGHH[SOLFDUTXHHVXQDsedimentación de investiduras
TXHQRVHWUDWDGHOSDGUHRULJLQDULR\DTXHHOSDGUHVH de objeto resignadas, que contiene las historias de elec-
HQFXHQWUDHQHOWyWHP\DGHPiVODSUREOHPiWLFDQRH[SOL- ciones de objeto)UHXG(VWDDOWHUDFLyQWDP-
FDFyPRHVWiQOLJDGRVXQRFRQHORWURGHELGRDTXHOD ELpQ WLHQH FRPR HIHFWR FRQVHUYDU HQ FLHUWR VHQWLGR OD
¿JXUDGHOSDGUH\DFRPRVHHQFXHQWUDHQHOWyWHPSODQWHD UHODFLyQ GH REMHWR PHGLDQWH OD VLPXOWDQHLGDG TXH KD\
ODSUREOHPiWLFDGHFyPRHVWDDGYLHQHDUHIRU]DUODLQVWL- HQWUHODLQYHVWLGXUDGHREMHWR\ODLGHQWL¿FDFLyQ
WXFLyQ IDPLOLDU 6LQ HPEDUJR OR TXH SHUPLWH OLJDU HVWRV (ORWURFRQVLVWHHQTXHPHGLDQWHODWUDVSRVLFLyQHQWUHOD
HOHPHQWRVHQWUHVtLQFHVWR\SDUULFLGLRHVODSUREOHPiWL- HOHFFLyQGHOHOORSRUHOREMHWR\ODDOWHUDFLyQGHO\RDVt
FDGHOSDFWRVLPEyOLFRHQWUHORVKLMRV\HOIUDWULFLGLRORTXH VREUHYLHQHODLGHQWL¿FDFLyQ\DTXHHO\RVHLPSRQHFRPR
SHUPLWH OLJDU DPEDV SURKLELFLRQHV HQWUH Vt 3HUR KDFH HOREMHWRGHODLQYHVWLGXUDGHOHOORTXHVLPXOWiQHDPHQWH
IDOWD YROYHU D OD SUREOHPiWLFD GHO V~SHU \R SDUD UHOHHU VHDJUHJDDHVWDHOHFFLyQGHREMHWR3RUPHGLRGHHVWD
HVWRV WpUPLQRV DKRUD WUDQVFULSWRV FRQFHSWRV WySLFRV \ DOWHUDFLyQHO\RVHWUDQVIRUPDHQXQUDVJRGHOREMHWRTXH
HFRQyPLFRV\DTXHSHUPLWHQH[SOLFDUSRUTXHHOV~SHU\R OHSHUPLWHLQWHUDFWXDUFRQHOHOOR\UHYHVWLUODLQYHVWLGXUD
SDVDDVHUHOKHUHGHURGHOFRPSOHMRGH(GLSR\WDPELpQ GHOREMHWRSHUGLGR(VWRWDPELpQFDPELD\H[SOLFDFyPR
SRUTXHUHSUHVHQWDHORFDVRGHHVWH SDVD OD OLELGR GH VHU QDUFLVLVWD D REMHWDO DGHPiV XQD
GHVH[XDOL]DFLyQGHODVPHWDVVH[XDOHV\)UHXGSLHQVDHQ
(ORFDVRGHOFRPSOHMRGH(GLSR\ODKHUHQFLDGHOV~SHU\R XQDVXHUWHGH³VXEOLPDFLyQ´&DEHPHQFLRQDUTXHHQHVWH
3ULPHUDPHQWHVHFRQWLQXDPDUFDQGRSDXODWLQDPHQWHOR DUWtFXORQRPHQFLRQDUHPRVODVSUREOHPiWLFDVFRQUHVSHF-
TXHSHUPLWHGDUFXHQWDGHXQDH[SRVLFLyQPHWDSVLFROyJL- WRDOFRQFHSWRGHVXEOLPDFLyQGHELGRDVXH[WHQVLyQ
FDODLQWURGXFFLyQGHOFRQFHSWRGHOV~SHU\RHQODVHJXQ- $XQTXHVHWLHQHTXHH[WHQGHUXQSRFRPiVODFRPSOLFD-
GDWySLFD&RPRVHKDEtDPHQFLRQDGRDQWHULRUPHQWHOD FLyQHQWDQWRSODQWHDUODDOWHUDFLyQGHO\RVRORHQPHGLGD
GLIHUHQFLDHQWUHHOV~SHU\R\HOLGHDOGHO\RUHVLGHHQTXH HQTXHHO\RFRSLDVRORXQUDVJRGHOREMHWR3RUHVRGH-
HOLGHDOGHO\RSURYLHQHGHXQLGHDO\VXIXQFLyQHVHFR- VDUUROODXQSRFRPiVODELVH[XDOLGDGLQQDWDGHOLQGLYLGXR
QyPLFDSXHVSHUPLWHHVWDEOHFHUXQDVDWLVIDFFLyQQDUFLVLV- WDO\FRPRORFRQVLGHUDHQHO\R\HOOR\ODRWUDFRPSOLFD-
WDDWUDYpVGHODLGHQWL¿FDFLyQ(VWHSURFHVRODLGHQWL¿FD- FLyQTXHHVODGLVSRVLFLyQWHUQDULDGHO(GLSR/DUHVSXHV-
FLyQSHUPLWHHVWDEOHFHUXQDFRSLDH[WHULRUL]DGDFRQORV WDTXHGD)UHXGHVTXHODELVH[XDOLGDGOHSHUPLWHMXQWDUHO
REMHWRVTXHHO\RTXLHUHVHUDKRUDODVIXHU]DVTXHSURYLH- (GLSRGHHVWDIRUPD\FRQFHELUTXHODLGHQWL¿FDFLyQFD-
QHQHQHVWHPHFDQLVPRVRQFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHVGHODVXEOL- UDFWHUtVWLFDPHQWHFRPRDFWRTXHSHUPLWHDSURSLDUVHGH
PDFLyQ$Vt5LFRHXURIUHFHXQDVXHUWHGHVHULHTXHSHU- XQREMHWRVH[XDO\UHIRU]DUODVSRVWHULRUHVHOHFFLRQHVGH
PLWH HVWDEOHFHU OD FRUUHVSRQGHQFLD PHWDSVLFROyJLFD OD REMHWRV(VWRORKDFHPHGLDQWHODSURSRVLFLyQGHTXHHO
FXDOFRQVLVWHHQ~QLFDPHQWHHQHVWDEOHFHUFLHUWDFODULGDG FRPSOHMRGH(GLSRFRPSOHWRTXHHVGXSOLFDGRGHO(GLSR
FRQUHVSHFWRDODWHPiWLFDSUHVHQWDGDTXHVHUtDDVXEOL- QHJDWLYR\SRVLWLYRHVUHIHUHQWHGHODELVH[XDOLGDGFRQV-
PDFLyQFRQUHVSHFWRDO¿QLGHQWL¿FDFLyQFRQUHVSHFWR WLWXFLRQDOGHOLQGLYLGXR
DOPpWRGR\FUHJUHVLyQTXHDXQTXHQRVHUtDSURSLDPHQ- &RQVHFXHQWHPHQWHHOQLxRQLxDVHFRPSRUWDDPELYDOHQ-
WHGLFKDVLORHVHQHOVHQWLGRTXHH[LVWHXQUHWURFHVR WHPHQWHIUHQWHDODPDGUH\DOSDGUH\SRUORWDQWRGHVD-
KDFtD HO REMHWR TXH VHUtD HQ HVWH FDVR KDFtD OD OLELGR UUROODXQDLQYHVWLGXUDGHREMHWRIUHQWHDODPDGUH\DOSD-
QDUFLVLVWD GUHVRVWHQLGDSRUXQDLGHQWL¿FDFLyQIUHQWHDOSDGUH\DOD
$ERUGDQGRHOWH[WRGHOyo y el elloVHVLJXHODWUD\HFWRULD PDGUH/DDOWHUDFLyQGHO\RIUHQWHDOV~SHU\RHVGHSHQ-
GHODJpQHVLVGHOV~SHU\RVHSXHGHOOHJDUDODFRQFOXVLyQ GLHQWHGHODLQWHQVLGDGHQTXHVHKD\DQIXQGDGRHVWDV
DQWHULRUPHQWHPHQFLRQDGDTXHFRQVLVWHODLGHQWL¿FDFLyQ LQYHVWLGXUDVGHREMHWR(VWRGDFRPRUHVXOWDGRXQDVHGL-
SULPDULDODFXDOHVPHQFLRQDGDHQHODSDUWDGRGHOsúper- PHQWDFLyQTXHVHHQFDUJDUDSRUSURWHJHUHVWDVLGHQWL¿-
yo o ideal del yoHOFXDO)UHXGH[SRQHODJpQHVLVGHOV~SHU FDFLRQHVTXHVHUiHOV~SHU\R

Herbert, Arturo J.
5HVXPLHQGR ODV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GHVFULWDV HQ )UHXG VH 5H¿ULpQGRVH D OD GUDPDWL]DFLyQ GH OD UHDOLGDG LQWHUQD
SXHGHGHFLUTXHODVSULPHUDVLGHQWL¿FDFLRQHVVRQ FDEHPHQFLRQDUHOFRPSOHMRGH(GLSRHOFXDOWDPELpQHV
DWHPSRUDOHVWiPH]FODGRFRQORVIDQWDVPDVQHXUyWLFRV\
&RQGXFHQDODHOHFFLyQGHREMHWR\SUHSDUDQDO\RDOD ORVGHVHRVSURKLELGRVSRUODVUHODFLRQHVHQWUHHOWyWHP\
HQWUDGDDO(GLSR HOWDE~UHFRUGDQGRTXHVXVLWXDFLyQGUDPiWLFDHVSRUOD
(QFDPLQDQDORULJHQGHOV~SHU\RFRQORFXDOOHSURSRU- UHDOL]DFLyQLPSRVLEOH3RUHOOR\SRUXQRGHORVHIHFWRV
FLRQDXQYDORUGLUHFFLRQDODODVHOHFFLRQHVGHREMHWR SULQFLSDOHVGHODVHJXQGDWySLFDVHUtDODUHODFLyQHQWRUQR
TXHIXHURQUHDOL]DGDVSRUHOHOOR DODpWLFDHQSVLFRDQiOLVLVTXHVHGHMDHQFXHVWLyQSDUD
6RQSUHYLDVDODHOHFFLyQGHREMHWR IXWXURVGHVDUUROORVSXHVHOORSUHVXSRQHDFDGDSDVROR
/DSHUPLWHQD\RRSRQHUVHDHOORPHGLDQWHODIRUPDFLyQ TXHGLFHGHO(GLSRDWHVWLJXDFRQIXHU]DHOGHVWLQRPRUDO
UHDFWLYDIRUPDQGRDOV~SHU\R GHO KRPEUH SHUR HQ SUHVHQFLD GH ORV HQWXHUWRV GH OD
(VWDLGHQWL¿FDFLyQHVFRQHOSDGUHDXQTXHTXHWDPELpQ FRQFLHQFLDPRUDO\GHVXH[WUDxDFRPSOLFLGDGFRQODSXO-
HVFRQODPDGUHGHELGRDODGLVSRVLFLyQELVH[XDOGHO VLyQGHPXHUWHHOSULQFLSLRGHUHDOLGDGSURSRQHODVXVWL-
LQGLYLGXR WXFLyQGHODFRQGHQDSRUODPLUDGDQHXWUD\HVSUHFLVD-
6RQFRQVHFXHQWHVGHODGLVSRVLFLyQELROyJLFDGHOLQGL- PHQWH HO SVLFRDQiOLVLV TXH LQWHQWD PRVWUDU GH PRGR
YLGXR REMHWLYRVLQQLQJ~QPRGRSUHMXLFLRVRSRUHOORHQYDQRVH
OHSXHGHH[LJLUXQH[DPHQGHODFXOWXUDGHPRGRSUHVFUL-
$KRUD SRGHPRV GHFLU FXiOHV VRQ ORV HIHFWRV GH HVWDV WRHQWRUQRDODPRUDOLGDGRORVYDORUHVFRQWHPSRUiQHRV
SULPHUDVLGHQWL¿FDFLRQHVPiVSUHFLVDPHQWHHQUHODFLyQ SXHVSRUTXHHOPRGHORGHODVHJXQGDWySLFDQRORRIUHFH
DOV~SHU\R3DUDHOORVHUHWRPDGHPDQHUDEUHYHDOQDU- GHQLQJ~QPRGR
FLVLVPRHQGRQGHPHQFLRQDTXHODIRUPDHQFyPRHO\R
FRQVHUYDVXOLELGR\RLFDHVPHGLDQWHODIRUPDFLyQTXHVH &RQFOXVLRQHV
KDEtDPHQFLRQDGRDQWHULRUPHQWHHVGHFLUDWUDYpVGHO 6HSUHVHQWDUDXQEUHYHUHVXPHQVREUHODVSUREOHPiWLFDV
LGHDOGHO\RODFXDOWLHQHODIXQFLyQGHHVWDEOHFHUXQLGHDO DSODQWHDUHQRWURDUWtFXORGHELGRDVXH[WHQVLyQEDMROD
SDUDHO\R(VWHLGHDOGHO\RWLHQHFRPRWUDEDMRHOYHODUODV SHUVSHFWLYDGHODUHOHFWXUDKHFKDSRU5LFRHXUVREUHOD
VDWLVIDFFLRQHVGHRUGHQQDUFLVLVWDTXHORH[SUHVDHODFD- REUDGH)UHXGMXQWRFRQXQDEUHYHVtQWHVLVGHODVLGHDV
WDPLHQWRGHODPRUDO³FRP~Q´\SHUPLWHHVWDEOHFHUXQD SULQFLSDOHVGHHVWHDUWtFXOR
UHODFLyQFRPRHQWUHDOLELGR\RLFD\ODOLELGRGHREMHWR
9ROYLHQGRDOWH[WRGHOyo y elloSRUHVWR)UHXGPHQFLRQD /DDUWLFXODFLyQTXHVHSHUPLWHKDFHUEDMRHOGHVSOD]D-
TXHHOV~SHU\RHVla expresión de las más potentes mo- PLHQWRSURGXFLGRHQODVHJXQGDWySLFDHQWUHHOUHSUHVRU
ciones e importantes destinos libidinales del ello. Median- \ODUHSUHVLyQVHSXHGHKDFHUVLHPSUH\FXDQGRVHSXHGD
te su institución el yo se apodera del complejo de Edipo y UHFRQRFHURLGHQWL¿FDUODVYDULDQFLDVH[SUHVLYDVGHORV
simultáneamente se somete el mismo al ello 5LFRHXU SURQRPEUHVORDQyQLPRORVXEOLPH\HOGRPLQLRGHVt
S6LQHPEDUJRHO\RDOKDOODUVHVRPHWLGRDQWH TXHDVXYH]UHSUHVHQWDQUHODFLRQHVGHGRPLQLR
HOV~SHU\RFRQYLHQHUHFRUGDUHODOWRSUHFLRDHVWHHO\R
HO FXDO SURYRFD XQD VHUYLGXPEUH TXH VH UHÀHMDUD PiV 7DPELHQUHTXLHUHTXHVHORFDOLFHXQDGREOHDUWLFXODFLyQ
WDUGHHQHOSHVLPLVPRGH)UHXGSRUHMHPSORHQHOHVFULWR HQWUH OD SUHKLVWRULD H KLVWRULD GH OR UHSUHVRU HQ OD YLGD
El malestar en la cultura HO FXDO QR VH DERUGDUi HQ HO DIHFWLYDGHOVXMHWR$VtVHSXHGHLUPDUFDQGRJUDGXDOPHQ-
SUHVHQWHHVFULWRGHELGRDVXH[WHQVLyQ\DTXHODWHPiWLFD WHODFRQVWLWXFLyQPHWDSVLFROyJLFDGHOV~SHU\RDWUDYpV
SULQFLSDOHVODSUHVHQWDFLyQGHODOHFWXUDGH5LFRHXUFRQ GHVXVIXQFLRQHV\ORGHVFULWRVRODPHQWHFRQ¿QHVPiV
UHVSHFWRDODVHJXQGDWySLFD\QRODWRWDOUHSHUFXVLyQGH FODURVFRPRODVHULHGH¿QDOLGDGVXEOLPDFLyQPpWRGRR
HVWDHQHODQiOLVLVSRVWHULRUKDFLDODFXOWXUD SURFHVRLGHQWL¿FDFLyQ\UHJUHVLyQDODOLELGRQDUFLVLVWD
SRUHO\R
&RPHQWDULRVVREUHORVHIHFWRVGHODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQVHJ~Q
5LFRHXU 6HREVHUYDTXHHOLQWHQWRPiVFRPSOHMRGHHVWDVHJXQ-
&RPR\DORPHQFLRQDPRVDQWHV+DEHUPDVHVWiGHDFXHU- GDWySLFDHVODLQFOXVLyQGHOFRQFHSWRWySLFRGHOV~SHU\R
GRFRQODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQGH5LFRHXUVREUHODVHJXQGDWy- HOFXDOHVHIHFWRGHODVDSOLFDFLRQHV\DQiOLVLVTXHUHDOL]R
SLFDIUHXGLDQDDGHPiVGHUHVDOWDUHOFDUiFWHULQWHUVXEMH- )UHXGKDFtDODKLVWRULDGHOKRPEUHEDMRHOHMHPSORTXHVH
WLYRGHODWySLFD\ODLQWHUUHODFLyQHQWUHLQVWDQFLDV$GHPiV DQDOL]yGHIRUPDSDUFLDOHOHQVD\RGHTótem y tabúSHUR
0HQGLODKDUVX\3ODFRPHQWD GHPDQHUDHVSHFt¿FDVHWUDWyGHPDQHUDIXQGDPHQWDO
UHDOL]DUXQUHFRUULGRSRUHOFXDOVHUHSUHVHQWDORVHIHFWRV
)UHXG KD HQULTXHFLGR GH GRV PDQHUDV GLIHUHQWHV D HVWH \URGHRVGHOPDUFRLQWHUSUHWDWLYRSURYLVWRSRUVXV¿JXUDV
PXQGR GH OD LQWHULRULGDG XQD OD UHHVWUXFWXUDFLyQ GH OD HQUHODFLyQDOFRPSOHMRGH(GLSR<DTXHHOSURSyVLWRGH
WHRUtDGHODVSXOVLRQHVHVGHFLUODLQWURGXFFLyQGHOQDUFL- HVWHDUWtFXORFRQVLVWHHQDQDOL]DUHLGHQWL¿FDUORVFDPELRV
VLVPRRWUDHOSDVDMHGHODSULPHUDDODVHJXQGDWySLFD<R WHyULFRVTXHWLHQHQODLQWURGXFFLyQHQODVHJXQGDWySLFD
(OOR6XSHU\y3RUHVWRVGRVODGRV)UHXGDYDQ]yPiVHQ VHJ~Q5LFRHXU
ODVSURIXQGLGDGHVDELVPDOHVGHODLQWHULRULGDGDO PLVPR
WLHPSRGUDPDWL]yD~QPiVODUHODFLyQFRQODUHDOLGDG&DU- 1RVHWUDWDURQDSURIXQGLGDGORVWHPDVGHODLGHQWL¿FD-
ORV3ODS FLyQ\ODVXEOLPDFLyQGHELGRDTXHPXHVWUDQXQDFRPSOL-

FDFLyQFRQUHVSHFWRDOFDUiFWHUOLEHUDGRUTXHFRQWLHQHHO BIBLIOGRAFÍA
FRPSOHMRGH(GLSRHOFXDOVHWUDWDUiGHLQYHVWLJDUPiVDO )UHXG6Obras completas (GLFLyQ(GLWRULDO$PR-
UHVSHFWRFRQ5LFRHXUVREUH)UHXG UURUWX$UJHQWLQD%XHQRV$LUHV
)UHXG67RPR;;,,,El yo y el ello.
8QDGHODVWHPiWLFDVLQWHUHVDQWHVDDQDOL]DUSRVWHULRU- )UHXG67RPR;;0iVDOOiGHOSULQFLSLRGHOSODFHU
PHQWHVREUHODUHOHFWXUDTXHUHDOL]D5LFRHXUVREUH)UHXG )UHXG67RPR;;,,7yWHP\7DE~
HVFRQUHVSHFWRDVLODVHJXQGDWySLFDUHVSRQGHDXQD )UHXG67RPR9,Tres ensayos para una teoría sexual.
FRPSOHPHQWDFLyQGHODSULPHUDRVLVLPSOHPHQWHYLHQHD +DEHUPDV-Conocimiento e interésHGLWRULDO7DXUXV$U-
FRORFDUVH FRPR XQ UHVXOWDGR GH XQ GHVSOD]DPLHQWR HO JHQWLQD%XHQRV$LUHV
FXDOSHUPLWHFRORFDUVHGHQWURGHODSULPHUDWySLFD6LQ 3OD&,6615HYLVWDXUXJXD\DGHSVLFRDQiOL-
HPEDUJRFRQFRQFOXVLyQVHUHVSRQGHTXHGHDFXHUGRD VLV(QOtQHD,;
5LFRHXUHVXQDVXSHUSRVLFLyQOLJDGDDODLQFOXVLyQGHO 5LFRHXU 3 Freud una interpretación a la cultura,
IHQyPHQRGHODDXWRULGDG\VXUHODFLyQFRQODJpQHVLVGH (GLWRULDOVLJORYHLQWLXQR0p[LFR')
ORVGHVHRVLQFRQVFLHQWHVTXHDVXYH]VHUDVWUHDQDWUDYpV 5LFRHXU3Escritos y conferencias alrededor del psicoa-
GHXQDVHULHVGHPRGHORVDQWURSROyJLFRV\SVLFROyJLFRV nálisis(GLWRULDO6LJORYHLQWLXQR0p[LFR')
6LQHPEDUJRHVWHGHVSOD]DPLHQWRGHMRXQSODQWHDPLHQWR 5LFRHXU3(OFRQÀLFWRGHODVLQWHUSUHWDFLRQHVHQ-
LQWHUHVDQWHDLQYHVWLJDUDIXWXURHOFXDOFRQVLVWHHQHOSODQ- sayos sobre hermenéuticaHGLWRULDOIRQGRGHFXOWXUDHFRQyPL-
WHR PHWDSVLFROyJLFR GH OD LGHQWL¿FDFLyQ 3XHV FRPR OR FD0p[LFR')
PHQFLRQD5LFRHXU¢&yPRHVSRVLEOHTXHDWUDYpVGHHVWH
SURFHVRHO\RVHYXHOYDHQ\R"MXQWRFRQVXRWUDSUREOH- )HFKDGHUHFHSFLyQGHPDU]RGH
PiWLFDTXHFRQVLVWHHQODGLIHUHQFLDFLyQHQWUHLGHQWL¿FD- )HFKDGHDFHSWDFLyQGHRFWXEUHGH
FLyQ \ OD LQYHVWLGXUD GH REMHWR DGHPiV TXH VH SRGUtD
SURIXQGL]DUPXFKRPiVHQODHODERUDFLyQPHWDSVLFROyJLFD
GHHVWHPRGHORTXHVHYLVOXPEUDXQSRFRPiVHQHOSHQ-
VDPLHQWRGH-XUJHQ+DEHUPDV\-HVVLFD%HQMDPLQ

Una Lectura de Paul Ricoeur

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Una Lectura de Paul Ricoeur

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA - UBA / SECRETARÍA DE INVESTIGACIONES / ANUARIO DE INVESTIGACIONES / VOLUMEN XXV

LA RELECTURA SEGÚN PAUL RICOEUR

DE LA PÁGINA 203 A LA 209 203

204 DE LA PÁGINA 203 A LA 209

DE LA PÁGINA 203 A LA 209 205

206 DE LA PÁGINA 203 A LA 209

DE LA PÁGINA 203 A LA 209 207

208 DE LA PÁGINA 203 A LA 209

DE LA PÁGINA 203 A LA 209 209

You might also like