g.ur. §. (&.Qeu.) auflens star — 516 JTLT oreo BAR Ut Gatisir srib. Hi weOmsid, crib.sr., srit.sroverd., &. Geman on wit, srib.crsived., QupGwe gk CGusrAfwitsdr, wsrent ssGure) x Fert adgyri, Serr ayt. SUP GTO UML gre BmeusmsFirs: Edition—October, 1973 T.N.T.B.S. (C.P.) No. 516 © Tamil Nadu Text Book Society RADAR ASTRONOMY Captain M. DRARMALINGAM and K. SENGOTTAIYAN Price Rs. 14-00 «Published by the Tamil Nadu Text Book Society under the Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Production of books and literature in regional languages at the University level, of the Government of India in the Ministry of Education and Social Welfare (Department of Culture), New Delhi.’ Printed by KUMARAN Press, 298, Mint Street, Madras-600001,ami byes 2G. Ore. QnOGGs hur, (spss soda9 smueet) Bilopds advgrfié s09 Cor Pure SM Ussrapsir GwGacst yAohirio. SPI Fo asbgnhsaficd GBF. Gtr ororutash guest urt_mact B12ar Som suze SH PCxGu sppupssrt. 1968.2 apbrysir Card SSD YSws uggs (P.U.C.), 196Gb mpaabry, AGS uLiuy cy uScyso gd sy Hefussd urna Bor wpb BUPGwCu sh94s ThHuT® GewigetGorr. sAPCoEu SHICumid crar psirarbsysiror achayf my Afurtaafies eméeib, dip un gimpsefigys AgranQ QewiGart Dob SS Depp, shar Apis geopaaie grebdasir THSS si sass GeorAiuiad srarGartsA Daisies srjcmuors Os PHi1b phir Gu whhsAupd me Bopays gipsse ‘mmsudd porsupy ugdpg. Dei amauie, shar fh GusrAfutasir io, SPoduie wisn Krmurses sBPCoGu upping pos Casneuicer UUIDAmu AunMUsHs wgesTh ucbsBrdsipeth Qpaer(® Sarpy TOs HaGd GuGyupAouds GPUIULGHF Geredoo Cousttt Gin. UD Zivopsofics usofiyfuyh CusrAfuitacr or satorGur BossysnséoGu GVau asvsSd fu apeynude Bdscr yp IS wbgsironort. UOT, Sy Aud, Qereusd, Durw@ena srg, DESO, yetuIusd, yaIusomiociGusc, werudursd, semi, Dus piSussd GuSuGud, uifiurs, orafiusd. ysrafudue, a@erciBusd. 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Orsrrug! aos Gur Gurgy onndQyr ao grimies oul. apsirGar pb piss OS gsempeu Coguh M@sH Dowisar. evstt Gurgsgide, cAflssisr GarG Gersaiduss ung arégS Garsash5, @Ptura sabiih GOS sari ntercontinental Ballistic Missiles) sr SQur @si sofid@ pay LPgsrdgid Ierstraig he prot uusuGAps. Qodurepse Bos sruimss Aerain® for, efwer uppds Garsitasir = Swapmpuyps aprrisBst pari. Tet smefusd 1946-¢ CgroirSwsrad oa.psorib. TWnait, Ciararygdsrar Porma wssr epseors gre ays Jarar® a7rw apy bs SI 1960-0 @fusfSOsg griot oHOsreftu: Qup’s ULL gb, 1962-0 YsoOgps: THAgraficuys Oupd uti gih, 1968-6 ArcarWS GSH THAATOGast Oupss utL gh (shu PapsAsmr@t. Asr_ 455 Ho grieved Qaren@ Garstatms aravugih. Yywuid@sg 21h Heir Sitistrds somAiiuugen gHéGarrrs Qessar. -ayensd, Rods uv prOsahgur Ps gompuded shu epsiGor bows act sree QS Carsieafisr ypiurtys geirenw, cual netryebd mg Auapmp upiu cetrmunsin upd 24 Sur YEssg. Qosmsu usiGaugy ecrmusep Dp grsdo BWSTHG Fo OU Het orer. 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C.-s uri DGevreofussir Brafis ari corbucr sag Ho QurGPfssiul siIoulLG@ sor sare Hd Qortacr Poorbsralar ays rispa apmpsdar Gord gden por. sgoutact stary Ot apaireno usioAtsr@ wrgmamra U@ssat srsusmgsujd. Ewer cyst oofirsirG Ghoysoionr Cu sisiurg OscgyBsirng srorumguph Diode sHIaGact Aon ageAsr per. suri 500 B. C.-) ACTH, F@, UTAEvror. HeHur apAw srOsofer eursfto aprriissA urortact anohgeror Carcracficr Qudssms aprridibs Gfwé Ayersoms&r (Solar Eclipses) gps gatiyGus HAASE wpe GupHGobsot. SGrhs profes hor wut prow araiudds Qyxb551- Gasew (Thales), fisiw_wtasw (Aristarches), Marae (Pyshagoras;, Crea (Ptolemy) Gursrp gS gir Gries ans do whiedsog moras apdioit. syutesir aps Sus oradé GAwirs wussupt, fu @Phismad up Pape HTML sso i. oJ Norakar, it ac EHP Sor ppdsn rip ages pide. 2S SMigw SHS HI inv 1509 ew Gest gmausras IahSog. Ips Ws |g aus Sreg St, Botugd sort 200 gyrGsohs uolser F srsir aint uphs cmAsorar sal Gafipsy Aeros ja-rsir. Garuiofidace (Copernicus), Carat Glukrs FDR agésiper aciums MBargsgrcr Meradent. Qaciact2 goat eumeshuses (Kepler), Garcraafcir urengasi Beira tmesci (Ellipses) stor Byatet. Suptt—s (Newton), Garsracr gus ute gud GAusier mtn Amsurd pat Aer par serums GEIS sri. s008Gur, Asr& Cpsfonus Asta arosms BITM SH ust yHu oebrowstrs sar PIGSeTE. gat Yess psd fu @OQiusos— y5Tugy Eur, SAMwoosir ystrah ssh (Sungpots) asripsir (Invite), aMuripsof sr Gite Cansirser, eof (Saturn) aac aBrwtisscr, Qausiraf (Venus) dwaupop ayrriisact. Si Borss prey. eso Qui Vr8o SprsM Daitsues UGih ais, cures gers A eu SPiusoss up wi GOCn SL $5 pss. vAderlimd gramaresr DH UGS Gantagsisw (Herschels) stairn Ney eHtonssir 43 ayHGX QerruIrrh (aperture) aemrw Oger @rrsAmus Osrar® ans Auefimu prriibssmt. eurshQoueh fade ssrast gL HSu mtr; smalsefisr Gurg mousse DuGss sin Qyd Darang @Sisi pm eran ons ys supgont. 1845-2 gre (Ross) storm Aeyspraof ging 84 ae gb Qc ulensmrui s7HOprahinys AZreo Gyr sAswmud Geflecting telescope) Qa» ait@ ams D5ywrans ‘sviral ne sula) MUITUET, 28) H psy QaraiG Qins Ast py wGss Dabrhstr serreror StL storm. galt Aso Wimgwreors gH stat pub see rt, Or wr SA sy Mpysor&scr aotr VMg Sos utLar Qos Gus Sgnr 1220 oun? Qoustads upa YYSuuTs pos5S Opus. ePtiums prog isd AGbs! Hts Opyoréacr acon grr, uso my Ipyw0d. segs Amr Gw aeior g15he st BBercowckmer uP pws yor gud Gattusddie. Gnesrar Bis Asynrdacn Partch rosie TL Lib sreHwUgih. Gog umed anPanusc: ( Milky way) us ofa dab gssmo aerUgih Ishu oh 55 Rensisafisd ares LLL afporg stoirex aif, Densussoy? psiranma Q gsb ay Bus Desrp Jaren Qopam. i ussreirGsepaqes 9n@ Cry. Gur sushi (Radio asteon. my) Gazer Sug Be fle; eunefds ansn itis Ausront se54% 01d uN gemiui gre BoUpsH. Gaed oursiInofuds Cry Furr wyCorsir (Radio waves) Busi ores ner is ys tenn, Bas oeoast gol sr atmo Cura Bx are gyoson 1 ab (biectro magnetic waves). 2,6 5 g sreusaflen so fa wesir_suirsoflussd 9 Baperb 8 pol s2vsoflér fordisBrcs Sure Berousir unigec x) Bes ror gb. 1981-0 arts groirsiwA (Karl Jansky) sreirueut ued QsrinGuA aprrusséAS HUSH (Bell telephone laboratory) Asriv GuAnda Gets sortie epsopulld sual osteo Bont wasted upD sprriipart. saigmrw aprriis u9sir uuOs, Asrivaab, scirmwudgus Pspherm Gufysdtr AsrMWEVAH AesI swt poepeow Iugouret urHAcsu sre a Putuces Qsgisr pror apugid Qe Quedvodw Qoséee (hiss) Gatatuiig. Qos CruGur Qaseeed (Radio noise) star gays art. ODis Qoserod yi, fuse HSumusHssiurd Pxirssirachsr mw sId ge Gps GL uUGCLIAGSS AGUsTs 1982-0 sour PeASsrt. Bis QarérAds Be aHsvr0 ueHS says (Sagittarius) TTAMIAGHS UGASTS HHAMSart. Qsss says oAasr Beir wake Qofi af Huleir emoud acroray stair yd, DISGpay QasiugGh Gy Gur sivscr sreacr SoritGuy Cor sSAG Sa 25,000 matracr aso yBonu wyentAsrpen orsi pub Qsidpg. Qsss sav Giyiy CreGur Gurpwrer gag, (Radio engineers) futinuuye, surohuisd opp russ Aurort saHoG Splusoauyh worG ustpenhugs. alanis e8are sjx00g Ver A noha or Gag sha Auc@ Serr Deususrey Cre Cur ppp Aus eyurg. DessGur Daub, arrooA ud arrsAurertacir Dmss Asretps syrrustitn. Sai srs AGo0 Mer ames ASO YASS augsaut se5b, Diario ose GurAsrGuragg spleworsd sar Yyésiuct eearonse7sGo Qupopd upp Maésursd FD Yl bBo. Qror_omoug ove Curls Qurapz: Gyg.Gur Asryped HMIss5 Ad ySu eorCorppwasr CarerGfar. Ms gw anups gs pAsepd (Receivers), gromt Agsrppod Brus Hed Apss (pst Gor Spmisens Cgrsir Por. 1942-h @usAsey bay augasrp GryaGur goss gret HMI 2 Duitun cor. Dos Cry Gur memacor (Radio signals) grout upenRuiea @Sa (Radar transmitters) sjtutiuttmamuids; wigs, SGAhushAGsS: Doo Qugwsralsy Quod cuDAsir poor. a srosHH avalGuriisr uraps wdssd gw yu oAlerey Puce gi. Bh yeopuied surafgutar Gurg@sirsaflens AGU sSgwiuiuc@ ormaatn THs yy pss. sri bles4 TTLet sureiuis. Somes (meteors) yisuieir suofnaros ded Bism put Gurepgih Désoau ornsasr QusiM iuoGugrs oSun) “MLL G. QGHAAGbRI STS GCrn.Gur curefusOsir (Radio Astronomy) Qrarcrag: ugsuror grut surefusy (Radar Astronomy) Ggrsrp syrOssg. Obs cruct cured Wor OuehwIastor Carsract, Marist gotLL hssir, sri BLesSomiasit aAuupop Cry Gur srHOAsrefitnys (Radio echo) Qsrfeo panés Yopmwl cuwsruGsdaS BIGBYy Being. CryGur arefusdsh oiurer grrieh oad gstor Quau srGacr up Pad Q\IGurg pom Aug Aon gy, Qupi6g sg Cussr_sose upGw uw yw 2 abreownacie @ sofia Buysirarar. Gry Gur amefuc syyriiéAurortasist Curebreth (universe) wip ayrrié Award saficr SVT SF HOG bsid wrguttg! 100 Quer sppissr/a%ey- (100 Mc/s), Gry Cur soir GhusroiGurst USHiUOL we Qo QurwsSus S165 Corsi png. Bog sarmlpec LRG asm 5 GuTred sisted Gry Gur hws wgdoy. ors dereirG. QosEng. Ghusir As soumisaher Fo Ager xp nev Boushs SHOGULOUTPS HSOOLw Gorss Bod ow Av Ae. Sofid uso MpuIgib ut ui Gacir VDahsAst pay. GCuayb, GoMussir sulLurs Adoruod Saran saute asians) sronayh yo@Sogi. gafulus eum@gruiéASeid (Optical Astronomy). . Gy Gur sn@srishsgs udGug’ Cugur@scr oairG. Prue aT@riFA Compu uwsiruGid ysiroh pati epsoiis SOS OUI‘ uDors, (Instead of point sources) @yy.@ur ure nis A pepe siaarp gah apewiiasr ws UDSEO UGEch por. Dis gai epoiissiics un, ugwuafgnh, Ie falas THéEGONU Coy Gur EHilw%er esses. Qn ayo. Quofile usher Gwarours ucts Iorebrig Asi ner. Qosiasr for sropSHS yer As aH Ausu Pocus SYS D Carsiry Gs He arusGaranh (gaseous sphere) Gan JF UAHGSs CawrPausry a@z6uP any. Bou. caronipss Gatiduf Qurgtacr 2ICus5a ory 33 Ot Garar® gohmpsursi gp Corgrnd sai Qaiaihua oh ep PID GG ors ory Garay Deo sg) asm gu9yuth Bimsurgb. Zupapwss sGu sort uss aysirG s@sgsr Asrimsiul grunt suefu sh Quah yor 4neog. grat amefuieos upsd yhss Carciaugs ie §oursofusst- Bape oS pomiuisd safe, Cry Gur sursshusd, sin, Gps&O alan ayorefesr (Interferometers) apdweuppmme wuppSuyia HTorey OsNsgi Qarsirar Gastr@. UpSSHs flu Hrsdacir 1. The -Exploration of space by Radio Waves —By Brown, R. Hambury and Lovell. 2. Radio Astronomy —By Pawsey, J. L. and Bracewell, R. N..> Qafutusd amerfussd (Optical Astronomy) Guys TOSS QOH YHMdwrs, DupP org. So, bare Gurger SMpasrorg. Qs Goducdrscr at G@mpss gist mitmanracyb, mang sags auruys sorrasayb, Aerisranrsayh, Mesiicir gai Lisormseyih uforWéAsr mer. Gust pe ergryor Merri Beeb. Siw gi gals Goppys Mainfeir sroitm wm1-F Gerstevsord. Bri ASG Yo, Dose @fw @GdusHor Bas Aus Qos Her Geb. Cuysit_ Ss Agito Qurgst sresreuponpupd syair. AQeehuled gGr Fora ApI@d, sts 10-*° Aymibj sor Oe. 8. Qosgr. Dis Bas Gopis o-t58 go sor ECL GSG BO Mamysrys siMsaeHsq QeurG, gest Custiest, amudacir, ateadrifsract, afetrifcir gait Laas Aue urate ars ASG Shur QurGe srr. Gainn, gnu QusitQ&srp serous Asoy& Arp gos otantderp sHickssact eprGw aprrus py. Obs bsirarhs sHiciéa Qotuder Sor Cuas He, ABSTAG! 8,00,000 A.18, /aeny.uNed (1,886,000 sniosd/atenr) ArdAOZ. BOHo Bbnd Hse fair wo GorsHod ucts ut Gererg. Qs stwvasfisr a0 forth, sruor sAitaafcr (Gamma rays), a for sHAGSS.. Beraig 10-72 Ges. EL AAG SS Ds Sari CrgGur safc Sort suey, asTag) 2000 Biitas amy asters. Obst udGouge amatucr Ht frac Wer-srh% Hoi %uier (electro- magnetic spectrum) visbCeug. ugHaarm@b. st Dasronfied, C7y.Gur sPvach uss Hab sHiofec, (Radiant heat) gai, X-sSistr gssou.. QouseHjsioorCu estar Cugiun®gotuIussd; sureoiuscd [Dpurevudeir ssniLi4.. * Berens uLuib 2+1-% emttut_@erorg. Go Bor QorGpurgib. yorgie uma —s A (guru) gringeguge MOIARIG FOmphpinigees vhogore raqandg! 8g xe yg ‘hg gan SOnuscsting ugex swe U ogra ae?) Yay fg8 griot eum eoflusc: aio &1% Spwres (Electro magnetic spectrum) PG orefus mrrishurot, OQbs Orarhs Hp’ wreuicr papiusHomuuys wusiuGsH GCusasrn_smgy WIT (Input, Bend, yOu ve nori_wsH oO ciror arnéasr B15 Qa ugds%es sly whApdbwrospooouy QautsgiHAs pa.” His Qo vesssrapwb wi. G3a QBriéAscr Aeiduugpyuyb. pog sanaeyr, Hyp muro 94.SG 2G Msepb (cameras) PH GHAW wv usHsahied wi PG QuigAerper. Qi us usrIn@w srowrs ge usd, arolud mpyriisAurortannd wwsruGsstiu@ UbsH. Qo ug@sHuer GPpes uGH|uId sHtoled. sual word Ssir, aut ugSaoigyet or aurujafer sen daorred, QUeasiuGSpgs Op re UGHSuIe sAt ofecr, ae maby vs Her &piugGSule achor euuysieir apsos Fa Msorred atLaat TOUGADS. Parr. ww Gorda Or eprdra.y ayo Qoror arudesr Pat ysSoatg wes unis sends ps. 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