25-1:

1. Why did Roosevelt call the attack on Pearl Harbor "a date which will live in infamy?" To

what extent was the U.S. in grave danger?

"Roosevelt termed the unprovoked attack on Pearl Harbor a date which will live in

infamy," in a memorable address to the country since it was a date to be remembered following

Japan's fatal attack against U.S. naval and military troops in Hawaii (187). In his address,

Roosevelt also requested that Congress declare war against Japan since he felt that the Japan attack

was more of a betrayal since it happened amid their peace deal negotiation. The attack brought the

United States into World War II, which lasted till August 1945 with Japan's surrendering after the

devastating nuclear bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The United States was in significant

danger if they opted not to fight because it would have made them appear powerless in the eyes of

other countries. Many nations were more inclined to confront them in the future if at all they

appeared powerless, exposing their citizens and territories at risk of invasion and conquest.

2. In this speech, Roosevelt made no mention of Germany and the war in Europe. Why?

Roosevelt avoided discussing Germany and the war in Europe in his speech since he didn't

want the Americans to be reluctant about joining the war because they were still hesitant to fight

another international war since they had not fully healed from World War 1.
25-3:

1. According to Fry, why did many people find it difficult to believe reports of the massacre

of Jews in Europe?

Many people found it difficult to believe the reports of the massacre of Jews in Europe

since the stories of the massacre were so terrifying (193). Consequently, there was also a lot of

propaganda during the period that exaggerated minor incidents. Majority of the people had only

heard myths but never imagined they would live in a period when people would seek to wipe out

an entire population because of their religious views. Additionally, people also assumed that the

Jews who went missing were not murdered but instead taken to slave camps. According to the text,

Fry's words, "Some things are so horrifying that they are difficult for rational men and women to

believe, so monstrous that the civilized world recoils incredulously in their presence. The latest

accounts of Nazi Europe's systematic extermination of Jews are of this magnitude." Clearly

describes Fry's opinion on the reason behind the doubts of many people.

2. What responsibilities did Fry believe the United States had to aid the victims of Nazi

atrocities? What might really be done to oppose the massacres?

Fry believed that the United States had a responsibility to help victims of Nazi atrocities by

providing or highlighting the basic things that would have made Hilter and his followers stop

committing more of such events. First, he was of the opinion that the United States would have

mentioned the fundamental rights such as life, liberty, and property to them. Following this, the

Nazi victims would have had a much greater chance of moving to the United States if someone had

explained to them the fundamental rights that all individuals should enjoy their rights. In addition,
they could have also spread awareness of the holocaust and make the victims of the holocaust

eligible of becoming refugees in their country (195).

25-4:

1. How did the war affect these soldiers? Did it change their attitudes toward themselves, their

families, and the meaning of war?

The war greatly affected the mental and physical well-being of the soldiers. The Majority

of them suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder as well as severe physical damage. As

mentioned in the text, the Trench warfare strategy utilized during the war led to greater

confinement, diseases, and other forms of suffering. Consequently, many soldiers also reported

that they experienced "Little hope". As a result, a sense of patriotism was seen in the Majority of

them since they chose to fight still even after they saw a number of them passing away. The wars

also made love towards their family grow as their all-time wish was to reunite with their families,

having survived the war.

2. What did these soldiers think about their fellow soldiers and the enemy?

There was a strong sense of solidarity among fellow soldiers, as they still had to fight hard

even though they witnessed some of their fellow soldier killed. On the other hand, they had a

widespread belief that their enemies were evil. According to the text, the term enemy was

appropriate because their goal was to eliminate any bustard within their range (199). Their

enemies also trapped them at one point, leaving them with no supplies to their foods hence their

enemies.