Professional Documents
Culture Documents
#1
Introduc.on
to
electrochemistry
Kaori
Sugihara
Email:
kaori.sugihara@unige.ch
HP:
h@p://www.unige.ch/sciences/chifi/sugiharalab/
Lecture
plan
§ Lecture
1:
Introduc.on
to
electrochemistry
§ Lecture
2:
Thermodynamics
of
electrochemical
cells
§ Lecture
3:
Impedance
spectroscopy
§ Lecture
4:
Cyclic
voltammetry
§ Lecture
5:
Electrophore.c
techniques
+
Electrophysiology
§ Lecture
6:
Other
state
of
art
applica.ons
in
electrochemistry
Exam:
A
wri@en
exam
for
2
h
(the
date
to
be
fixed
later)
You
are
allowed
to
bring
the
printouts
and
a
calculator.
Reference:
Electrochemical
methods
–
fundamentals
and
applica.ons
Allen
J.
Bard
Larry
R.
Faulkner
Program
of
today´s
class
Goal
of
the
lecture
§ To
understand
what
kinds
of
applica.ons
electrochemistry
has
Fuel
cells
Corrosion
electrode
Nobel
Prize
in
Chemistry
Nobel
Prize
in
Chemistry
Nobel
Prize
in
Chemistry
in
1909
in
1959
in
1948
Catalysis,
chemical
Polarography
(mercury
electrophoresis
equilibria,
reac.on
electrode)
veloci.es
What
will
happen
when
we
put
an
electrode
under
aqueous
solu.on?
Pt,
Ag
etc.
Ideal
polarized
electrode
+
V
No
charge
transfer
(electrons
do
not
move
from
solu.on
to
the
metal)
q
H+
+
E
OH-‐
OH-‐
H+
Electrical
double
layer
Stern
layer
h@p://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EDLC-‐Poten.aldistribu.on.png
Charging
currents
for
a
constant
voltage
V
Charging
currents
for
a
constant
voltage
C
à
D
+
e-‐
H+
R
C
E
OH-‐
H+
OH-‐
Lecture
3:
Impedance
spectroscopy
Electrode
reac.on
rate
V
e-‐
H+
OH-‐
polarized
electrodes
vs
non-‐polarized
electrodes
Pt
Au
AgCl
Number
of
the
electrodes
This
part
is
extremely
important!
This
will
be
one
of
the
ques.ons
in
the
exam!!
Two
electrode
measurements
What
is
the
resistance
of
this
sample
RS?
I
V
A
I
V
A
Four
electrode
measurements
VS
V
Contact
resistance
RS
r
r
(resistance
at
the
interface)
I
Do
not
use
this
value!
V
A
What
if
you
are
interested
in
one
of
the
contact
resistance
r?
RS
r
r
I
V
A
Three
electrode
measurements
VS
V
RS
r
r
I
V
A
In
electrochemistry
I
V
A
R1
R2
RSolu.on
C1 C2
V
R= = RSolution + R1 + R2
I
If
you
are
interested
only
in
one
interface
I
V
A
VS
Reference
electrode
V
R1
R2
RSolu.on
C1 C2
VS
R= = RSolution + R1
I
The
standard
three
electrode
setup
in
electrochemistry
Three
electrode
cell
Poten.ostat
Poten.ostat
Counter
electrode
Pt
V1
Reference
electrode
AgCl
I A V V2
Au
V2
Working
electrode
R=
I
Which
technique
do
you
have
to
use?
Two,
three
or
four
electrode
set
up?
We
want
to
study
the
effect
of
polymer
coa.ng
on
an
gold
electrode.
solu.on
polymer
Au electrode
K.
Sugihara,
et
al.,
The
Journal
of
Physical
Chemistry
B,
2010,
114,
13982-‐13987.
We
want
to
study
the
polymer
resistance.
solu.on
polymer
Chip
(insulator)
with
a
pore
K.
Sugihara,
et
al.,
The
Journal
of
Physical
Chemistry
B,
2010,
114,
13982-‐13987.
We
want
to
study
the
ac.vi.es
of
ion
channels.
R1
R2
RSolu.on
C1 C2
V
R= = RSolution + R1 + R2
I
Alterna.ve
tricks
to
perform
“4
electrode
measurements”
with
2
electrodes
I
V
A
R1 R2
RSolu.on
C1 C2
V
R= = RSolution + R1 + R2
I
Ag/AgCl
electrode
(≠
AgCl
electrode)
AgCl
wire
(solid)