THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FINANCIAL LITERACY OF

ATENEO DE DAVAO UNIVERSITY GRADE 12 ABM LEARNERS AND

THEIR
SPENDING BEHAVIOR TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING
AMIDST THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

A Quantitative Research
Presented to the Faculty of Ateneo de Davao University Senior High
School

In partial fulfillment of the requirements

in
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2,

AND, APPLIED INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATION AND IMMERSION

Rey S. Bedrejo Jr.

Angelo A. Cabiladas
Michelle Anne E. Cunanan
Craig Isaiah A. Francisco
Jechzza Lois M. Lopez
Ledevie L. Tarongoy

Grade 12 – Andlauer

Accountancy, Business and Management

 March 2021

ATENEO de DAVAO UNIVERSITY

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Central Park Blvd., Davao City, Philippines

APPROVAL SHEET

In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the course subjects Practical

Research 2, and, Applied Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion, under the
Accountancy, Business and Management strand, this study is entitled:

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FINANCIAL LITERACY OF

ATENEO DE DAVAO UNIVERSITY GRADE 12 ABM LEARNERS AND
THEIR SPENDING BEHAVIOR TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING
AMIDST THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Has been prepared and submitted by Rey S. Bedrejo Jr., Angelo A.

Cabiladas, Michelle Anne E. Cunanan, Jechzza Lois M. Lopez, and Ledevie L.
Tarongoy who are recommended for the AUTHENTIC ASSESSMENT TASK.

_________________________________________
Josh Ethan Y. Villanueva
Applied Inquiries, Investigation, and
Immersion Teacher

APPROVED in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the course

subjects Practical Research 2, and, Applied Inquiries, Investigation, and
Immersion, under Accountancy, Business and Management Strand by the
Office of the ABM 12 Chairperson.
_________________________________________
Marites L. Canencia
Chairperson – Accountancy, Business and Management 12

ACCEPTED in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Practical

Research 2, and, Applied Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion.

March 5, 2021 __________________________

Date Aujefel Amor Y. Lee
Assistant Director for Academics
Senior High School Unit
 ATENEO DE DAVAO UNIVERSITY
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL UNIT
Central Park Blvd.,
Davao City, Philippines

Declaration of Originality

We declare that this research is original to the best of our knowledge. We

declare further that this activity was undertaken by us.

Michelle Anne E. Cunanan

Craig Isaiah A. Francisco

Jechzza Lois M. Lopez

Angelo A. Cabiladas

Ledevie L. Tarongoy

Rey S. Bedrejo Jr.

Researchers
 February 17, 2021

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers acknowledge with sincere appreciation and gratitude to

all the assistance and encouragement afforded them by the following persons

without which this humble work would not have found recognition and fulfillment

and whom God used to show His divine order for the success of this study:

Josh Ethan Y. Villanueva, their thesis adviser, who despite his busy

schedule rendered his time, patience, and consideration to the researchers.

The researchers would like to thank him for unselfishly sharing his thoughts,

insights, expertise and his sympathetic guidance on this work.

Evaluators Christian M. Tayab and Karl M. Macapagal, for their

inspiring comments and valuable suggestions which greatly helped in the

completion of this research.

The Ateneo de Davao University Senior High School, for allowing the

researchers to conduct the study.

The families of the researchers for their moral and financial support,

inspiration and encouragement.

Warmest and heartfelt thanks to the Grade 12 ABM Students who

shared their moments even in pressured days for the completion of this study.

To those who were not mentioned but in some ways helped the

researchers, thank you very much.

Eternal gratitude and adoration to the Lord, the source of blessings and

wisdom, for giving them the courage, the strength and perseverance, and for

His heavenly guidance in the accomplishment of this work.

The Researchers
 DEDICATION

This study is dedicated to the following:

Family Members
Friends
Classmates 12 - Andlauer

And

The Almighty Father

“We are motivated by the deadline.”

 ABSTRACT
Since the start of lockdown due to the pandemic, students lost one of the
source of their money which is their allowance, with this in mind using their
knowledge gained from school might help them utilizing their money. The study
was conducted to know if there is a significant relationship between Financial
Literacy and Spending Behavior of the Students. The Quantitative Research
Design was used in this study. A total of 120 participants participated in this
study. The data was collected for over 1 month using Google Forms to collect
data and JASP to analyze the data. The results indicated that there is no
significant relationship between Financial Literacy and Spending Behavior of
the Students. The recommendations of the study include (1) Students must
know more about Financial Literacy and develop a good Spending Behavior as
it will help them in adulthood (2) Parents and Teachers must set a good
example to the young generation since there are a significant factor affecting
the students’ knowledge and behavior and (3) Future Researchers doing
researches related to this must try to see things in a different way and dig
deeper for better understanding.

Keywords: Students (Grade 12 ABM Students of AdDU-SHS), Quantitative

Research Design, Google Form, JASP, Losing source of money.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page i
Approval Sheet ii
Declaration of Originality iii
Acknowledgement Page iv
Dedication v
Abstract vi
Table of Contents vii
List of Tables viii
List of Figures ix
CHAPTER
1 INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study 1
Theoretical Framework 2
Statement of the Problem 3
Significance of the Study 4
Scope and Delimitation 4
Definition of Terms 5
2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 6
3 METHODS
Research Design 16
Locale of the Study 16
Unit of Analysis 17
Sampling Procedure 18
Research Instrument 20
Data Collection Method 21
Data Analysis 21
Ethical Considerations 21
4 RESULTS, INTERPRETATION AND RECOMMENDATION
SOP 1 25
SOP 2 26
SOP 3 27
SOP 4 28
5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings 29
Conclusions 30
Recommendations 31
REFERENCES 32
APPENDICES
A. Informed Consent 36
B. Permission Letter to the Assistant Director of Academics 37
C. Survey Questionnaire 38
D. Validation Forms 40
E. Curriculum Vitae 42
 LIST OF TABLES

Page
Table 1. Variables and Measures 17
Table 2. Cluster 20
Table 3. Distribution of Respondents by Age 23
Table 4. Distribution of Respondents by Sex 24
Table 5. Distribution of Respondents by Section 24
Table 6. Respondents Level of Understanding 25
Table 7. Respondents Spending Behavior 26
Table 8. Respondents Frequency 27
Table 9. Pearson’s Correlations 28
 LIST OF FIGURES
Page
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework 3
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

This chapter of the paper presents the problem and its setting. It

includes the background of the study, the statement of the problem, the

significance of the study, and the scope and delimitation of the study.

Background of the Study

Nowadays, where technology has gotten better and better day by

day, purchasing products online can be done quickly with just a few clicks.

Most of the students today have their own technology, such as mobile

phones, computers, and laptops, and as noticed, online shopping has

become a trend for the students. Students have been taught various tips on

handling their financial money. The prior knowledge they have will eventually

affect their spending behavior, especially during this Covid-19 pandemic,

where most students' allowances have been cut short.

Financial literacy plays a big factor in a person's spending behavior

as it helps them in managing the amount of money they possess. According

to Mbazigue (2013), a personal level of financial literacy affects the quality

of life; it enables people to understand what is needed to achieve a

financially balanced, sustainable, ethical, and responsible lifestyle.

Each student has different spending behavior. Everyone has a mix of

spending behavior they have learned from their environment. In an article

written by Neill Valentine D’Silva (2008), he defined spending behavior as

the manner affecting the way a person uses their money to satisfy their

wants and needs without any use of control.

 2

One of the problems that society is experiencing now not just locally but also

relevant in the international aspect is the lack of financial resources to sustain the

needs and wants of the people. Since the start of quarantine earlier this year

because of Covid-19 pandemic most students have lost one of their sources of

money or their only source of money which is their school allowance. Due to this

their savings were greatly affected by it. With this in mind it is relevant for students

to use their knowledge about finance.

With the increase of demand in online shops, especially during the Covid-19

pandemic and many students rely on purchasing products online, this study intends

to determine the relationship between financial literacy of the Ateneo de Davao

Grade 12 ABM learners and their spending towards online shopping amidst the

Covid-19 pandemic.

Theoretical Framework

This study is also anchored on the proposition of Ho and Lee (2020) that a

standardized financial literacy curriculum must be ensured that all students in a

school system receive financial knowledge, which offers them the necessary

support to make informed decisions about money management and practice

appropriate financial behavior, especially during this pandemic.

With this, the financial knowledge manifested by students is significantly

related to their quality of life as they become useful citizens in the community

through combating poverty as the main problem of every society.

Lastly, the proposition of Kiyici (2012) is another basis of this study that as

a shopping medium, the internet attracts humans and attracts researchers.

Younger people can adapt to newer technologies so they can adapt to the internet
 3

as a shopping tool.

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

Statement of the Problem

The main purpose of this study is to determine the significant relationship

between financial literacy and online shopping buying behavior of Grade 12 ABM

students of Ateneo de Davao University amidst the pandemic. Specifically, this aims

to answer the following questions:

1. What is the level of understanding about Financial Literacy of Grade 12

ABM students of Ateneo de Davao University?

2. What is the Spending Behavior of Grade 12 ABM students of Ateneo de

Davao University?

3. How frequent are the Grade 12 ABM students of Ateneo de Davao

University visits online shopping sites amidst the pandemic?

4. Is there a significant relationship between financial literacy and online

shopping buying behavior of Grade 12 ABM students of Ateneo de

Davao University amidst the pandemic?

Research Hypotheses

H0: There is no relationship between Financial Literacy and Spending

Behavior of Ateneo de Davao Grade 12 ABM Learners towards online shopping.
 4

Significance of the Study

The results of this study will give benefit to:

To the participants. This study serves as a guide to discover the

relationship between the Financial Literacy of the Ateneo de Davao Grade 12 ABM

Learners and their behavior towards spending in online shopping amidst the

pandemic. It provides proper vision and knowledge on how to use financial literacy

in their daily lives efficiently.

To the Ateneo de Davao University Senior High School. This study

benefits Ateneo de Davao University SHS to effectively assess the online spending

behaviors of their learners in connection to the financial literacy that they have

taught.

To the Students. This study significantly benefits and helps the students

to gain knowledge about spending their financial resources properly and wisely.

To the future researchers. This study significantly benefits and assists

future researchers as a guide for their research. In addition, it can further support

their research in terms of credibility, since this will serve as a support to the claims

of the future researchers. This study is open to further improvements.

Scope and Delimitation

This study mainly focuses on the relationship between the Financial Literacy

of the Ateneo de Davao Senior High School Grade 12 ABM Learners and their

spending behavior towards online shopping amidst the Covid-19 pandemic. This

study is to be conducted through online surveys with the grade 12 ABM Ateneo de

Davao University Senior High School learners as its respondents. The said

respondents will be assessed on how their knowledge about financial literacy

 5

affects their online spending behavior by answering the survey questions.

This specific scope was chosen by the researchers because of how relevant

the chosen topic was to the respondents. The subject was based on the fact that

the topic was taught to this specific scope by their Grade 11 teacher and was

expected to be used by the learners. Given that the respondents are now already

Grade 12, the researchers wanted to know the relationship between their financial

literacy and their spending behavior. In addition to the further analysis of the to be

gathered information, a questionnaire will be used to collect their response and

data.

Definition of Terms

Even though specific key terms in this study are tackled in the next chapter

with more details in it, these concepts are introduced in this chapter as a mere guide

for the reader to make the study more sensible.

1. Covid-19 Pandemic - an illness caused by a novel coronavirus now called

severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Cennimo, 2020).

2. Financial Literacy - the ability to understand what is needed to achieve a

financially balanced, sustainable, ethical, and responsible lifestyle (Mbazigue,

2013).

3. Spending Behavior - the manner affecting the way a person uses their

money to satisfy their wants and needs without any use of control (D’Silva,

2008).
 6

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter provides an overview of different researches and articles that

were written by various professionals. The topics covered in this chapter are related

to our study, which will help the researchers gather valuable information and ideas

to further develop their research.

Spending Behavior of Students

All humans have different behavior in terms of spending their hard-earned

money; it may be good or bad spending depending on the person. The spending

behavior of a person can be developed in many ways, and sometimes people are

being influenced by external factors. Having good spending behavior is essential,

especially to students, to learn its value.

According to the research of Bona (2017), the spending behavior of students

is influenced by their families. Family plays a significant role in influencing their

members on what to buy and consume. Most of the students follow the spending

behaviors of their parents. This is clearly stated that an individual’s spending habits

and behaviors came from their family’s spending behavior as well. The lifestyle of

a person’s family and a person’s lifestyle in buying affect his/her behavior in

spending.

In an article written by Neill Valentine D'Silva (2008), he said that students

are getting a lot more into consumerism every day because of environmental

factors.

Students are easily convinced by ads in their surroundings that lead them to buy
 7

items they do not need. Everything is evolving, and nothing is constant in our world

today, because even the student's spending patterns are being influenced.

Environmental factors bring a huge effect that is hard for students to avoid.

Tew (2016), today’s student spending behavior emerged as an essential

concern in society today. Socioeconomic factors influenced the spending behavior

of students. Many students are not cautious in managing money, which leads to

financial problems. Students are easily affected by different factors.

Financial Literacy

Financial literacy is essential to a person’s everyday life to maximize the full

potential of their money. The importance that it holds is its promotion of good

financial behavior amongst people. Having good financial literacy can help a person

in many ways in terms of spending money and earning money.

According to Hill & Perdue (2008), financial literacy refers to a basic

understanding of investing, insurance, credit management, and other personal

finance topics. In connection with this, Christiana Mbazigwe (2013) stated from her

blog entitled ‘The meaning of financial literacy and its importance.’ She describes

financial literacy as an ability to understand how money works. How someone

makes, manages, invests it, and expands it (especially when one donates to

charity) helps others. She also added that in-depth knowledge of financial literacy

is required in understanding how money works on its own, such as investing in the

stock market. Furthermore, Lusardi & Mitchell (2011) said that financial literacy is

linked to a person’s saving behavior and portfolio choice. They further revealed that

the basic economic concepts of financial literacy related to savings and investment

decisions could be foreign to a lot of people. Therefore, it poses serious implications

when it comes to a person’s retirement plan, savings, loans, mortgages, and other
 8

financial decisions.

Money Management

Money Management is a significant issue faced by youth today. Early

financial education within the family can affect the skill of young people in financial

management. Most findings suggested that multiple socio-demographic variables,

such as family education, school education, or labor market participation, influence

young people's ability to handle income.

According to Hammond’s book of Practical Money Management & Wealth

Creation for Youth and Young Adults (2002), he stated that “we will be good

stewards, or managers, of the money entrusted to us and we will count up the costs

of everything before committing to purchases.“ Unfortunately, most of the learners

or people in general, cannot attest to that statement. When it comes to financial

literacy, many people are taught how to do it properly, but only some can apply it

to their lives and daily activities. For example, today’s youths’ frequent expenditures

and improper budgeting allocations are some of the root causes of the said issue.

This is a clear contrast to what Hammond believed in and stated above. Young

adults ought to know their priorities as well as the differences between their

necessities and their wants. Moreover, as time goes by, they are expected to be

more informed and disciplined to apprehend their responsibilities and their view on

financial matters. Committing to purchases, may it be online or not, as long as they

are considered as irrelevant, can and should only be done after summing up what’s

left after spending it on what’s necessary. In this way, they can apply what they

have learned and what they should be doing to live the life they were visioned to be

doing. The money is not entrusted to them just so they’ll know that they are

privileged but because they are being trusted and tested by the people that earned
 9

the money. In this matter, the trustees can decide for their future decisions

according to the actions that they have witnessed.

According to Bodnar (2005), the average young person does not know how

to invest their resources, despite the available programs to develop their financial

literacy. Young adults must learn how to handle their money through trial and error.

Most of the young people nowadays spend their financial resources impulsively.

But, to those people who wisely and responsibly manage their resources, they can

gain experience and know-how to help them within a lifetime.

Budgeting is also essential in money management. Lediona (2014) explains

that budgeting is essential in planning financially. The amount of money a person

has doesn't show how much they make but rather how they budget effectively. If

you want to save money successfully, you need to keep track of where your money

is going. It is not that hard to budget and also, it's not complicated and doesn't cut

the fun to your life. Instead, it saves you in future financial problems and debts.

Online Shopping

Online shopping is the first option for everyone, especially when it comes to

accessible, affordable, and negotiable. It is one of the most known businesses in

the world. However, online shopping’s effectiveness depends on the purchaser’s

time management factors.

According to Alreck and Settle (2002), this Survey research indicates that

online shopping is a practical, time-saving strategy for purchasing according to the

consumers, especially those known as “hurried consumers.” Richbell and Kite

(2007) found out that “any time, any place” view about online shopping

convenience becomes the principal benefit for most of their study’s survey
 10

respondents.

Online Shopping Behavior

Online shopping is observably rampant these days because of the rapid

growth of internet usage among potential customers. Due to this, it has paved its

way into people’s behavior in buying things online.

Based on Mesiranta, N.’s Consumer Online Impulsive Buying: Elements and

Typology, a study based on personal interviews with Finnish consumers, shows

that consumers make impulse purchases on the Internet in many different ways.

The resulting typology identifies three main methods for online impulse purchases:

increasing order, browsing e-commerce, and purchased separately from the e-

commerce context.

The convenience of online shopping makes it an emerging trend for

consumers. Consumers tend to listen to recommendations from families, relatives,

and friends, or even media before making a shopping decision. Ajzen (1991) and

Orapin (2009) stated that external factors, such as perceived social pressure, could

interfere with one's actions.

Consumer Perception

Consumer perception is vital in the business industry because that is how

online sellers measure their business's effectiveness. However, the convenience of

purchasing online depends on the consumer's perception towards amenity and the

given dimension of the Online sellers' convenience.

Beauchamp et al. (2010) states that shopping conveniences have become

one of the underlying customers' main motivations to foster online purchasing.

Based on Berry et al.'s (2002) study, they have noted that all business entities offer
 11

services for their customers, both goods and service providers. It means that

service convenience is applied to both types of business.

Effects of COVID-19 on Online Businesses

A pandemic has conquered the world this 2020, a crisis that spares no single

individual. The devastating impact of COVID-19 worldwide created a considerable

amount of distress, which includes E-commerce. The shoppers’ safety from their

orders and the importance of the materials purchased are some of the concerns

about online shopping. However, due to quarantine protocols, e-commerce has

made its way to become a better method of buying different kinds of materials. It

excludes the option of having face-to-face interactions.

In the study of Laurenco, R. (2020) "COVID-19's Complicated Impact on E-

Commerce: How to Deal With the Fallout and Adapt to the New Normal", he

acknowledged the conducted survey of the GlobalWebIndex (2020) that nearly half

of the consumers are trying to avoid physical contact. Even as more consumers

shop from home, there are e-commerce categories that are struggling in this time

of the pandemic, such as luxury items, beauty products, and apparel. To sum things

up, e-commerce might have outweighed physical stores, but, as a matter of fact,

certain online shops are still subject to bankruptcy. After all, people affected by the

pandemic have their priorities on what items are needed in these depressing

moments.

The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak forced many companies to close, leading

to unprecedented trade disruption in most industry sectors. Retailers and brands

face many short-term challenges, such as health and safety challenges, supply

chain, workforce, cash flow, consumer demand, sales, and marketing challenges.

These challenges aren't going to guarantee a promising future or any future. This
 12

is because we will emerge in a very different world compared to the one before the

outbreak once we get through this pandemic. Many markets, especially in the fields

of tourism and hospitality, no longer exist. Companies, especially startups, have put

in place an indefinite hiring freeze. At the same time, online communication, online

entertainment, and online shopping are seeing unprecedented growth.

Benefits of Shopping Online

One apparent reason why online shopping is a trend nowadays is its benefits

to its target market. The fact that these advantages are not always offered in the

traditional way of buying items makes potential customers engage more in this

modern type of shopping.

Jain, A. S. (2020) has identified in her study that one most prominent

advantage of shopping online is convenience. One can do shopping comfortably at

home even at midnight while already wearing pajamas. That means, there are also

no lines to wait in or cashiers to track down to help the buyer with his/her purchases,

plus the buyer can go shopping in minutes. Online shops allow the customers to

shop 24/7 and reward them with a ‘no pollution’ shopping experience. Jain also

added that there is no better place to buy informational products like e-books, which

are available instantly as soon as the payment goes through. Downloadable items

purchased online eliminate the need for any kind of physical material at all, which

helps the environment.

Association Between Financial Literacy and Problematic Internet Shopping

Compulsive Buying Disorder (CBD), a problematic behavior defined as

“excessive shopping cognitions and buying behavior that lead to distress or

impairment” (Black, 2007), has been said to be manifesting as well to internet

 13

shopping. In the study conducted by Lam, L., and Lam, M. (2017), the addictive

behavior of purchasing online is described as Problematic Internet Shopping (PIS).

In the same study, the authors found that some risks that could possibly

develop PIS to consumer’s behavior are overexposure to the online advertisement

and product placement in the media, and the ease of access for ordering online

products, which lessen the barrier for the customer to think first if the decision to

buy is necessary. They have concluded based on the result that Financial Literacy

was negatively related to PIS. However, they believed enhancing financial literacy

in the population, particularly among young people, could have a positive effect to

prevent PIS.

Factors Affecting Online Shopping Behavior of Consumer

Online shopping is an emerging trend in our country especially that

technology is getting better and better day by day. It is a new avenue of businesses,

with a tremendous acceleration on the developed country’s growth rate. Because

of this growth in the online shopping industry, there are a lot of things that affect the

shopping behavior of consumers towards purchasing products and services.

Based on the study of Dr.Gagandeep Nagra and Dr.R Gopal, the factors that

most affect the behavior of a consumer are by various Demographic factors like

age, gender, marital status, family size, and income. The findings show that online

shopping has been viewed favorably by the respondents. It supports Online

Shopping growth in the project. There's relatively less volume of online shopping in

the region. Online shopping organizations, defined from the study, may apply the

related variables and factors to establish their strategies and tactics.

(Delafrooz, 2009) found that the level of intention to shop online was
 14

relatively high, and the direction of attitude towards online shopping among

postgraduate students was positive. It was also found that the practical orientation

and hedonic orientation, perceived benefits, and demographic characteristics

(gender, age, and income) were significantly and positively correlated with the

online shopping attitude.

Online Shopping Advantages over the Offline Alternative

Online Shopping is more beneficial than traditional shopping, especially amidst

this pandemic. Many business people tend to sell online rather than traditional

shopping because of the customer's preferences. It became known to all since there

are a lot of online businesses excel.

Based on Dr. Chang’s study, he found out that the internet as a shopping

medium allows shoppers to gain shopping benefits. They would be able to gain

convenience, time-saving, and such. He states that his study will provide a thorough

understanding of online shopping benefits over the normal storefront purchasing.

Synthesis of the Reviewed Literature

The literature mentioned above are works that support the study of the

researchers. The related literature that was mentioned is connected to the research

and helps the researchers to see and know what to expect in doing the research.

One of the strengths of review literature is that they are made by professionals who

have knowledge and experience in a particular field. Having this in mind,

researchers can build ideas and construct it to move forward. On the other hand,

it’s weakness is that some of the literature is not well explained and quite hard to

comprehend. Nevertheless, it was still helpful as it still gives ideas or a glimpse of

the things that might occur. Since the researchers are not experts, the researchers

have a difficult time analyzing some literature. The literature review will help the
 15

researchers as it gives knowledge about the study they are doing and better

understand and improve the research study.

 16

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter represents the general procedure and process of the research,

including the research design, locale of the study, unit of analysis, data gathering

procedure, data analysis procedure, and ethical considerations employed in this

study’s conduct.

Research Design

The study utilized a quantitative - correlational design. The quantitative

design was used to gather the necessary data to determine the students’

understanding of Financial Literacy and how frequently they visit online shopping

sites during the pandemic and their Spending Behavior. Using the quantitative

design, the researchers will determine if there is a relationship between the two

variables.

Locale of the Study

The participants to be chosen for the research are characterized specifically

to be Grade 12 learners of the Ateneo de Davao University Senior High School

Campus, Km.7 MacArthur Highway, Davao City who are in the Accountancy,

Business, and Management strand at the time of the study. This is to ensure that

the information that will be gathered from the participants are coming from credible

and reliable sources and are people who have experienced the said situation. The

survey shall be conducted online. This keeps the researchers and the participants

virtually connected but physically distant to maintain the social distancing protocol.

This is not to risk the possibility of catching the virus and not having any physical

contact.
 17

Unit of Analysis

The unit of analysis consists of Grade 12 students in Ateneo de Davao

University Senior High School, in the Accountancy, Business, and Management

strand at the time of the study.

Table 1. Variables and Measures

Variables Measures

Socio- Actual Age

demographic
Male or Female
Profile:

Age

Sex

Section

Level of A ten (10) item survey questionnaire that is answerable by

Understanding a 4-point Likert scale:

about Financial 4 - Always (3.26 - 4.0)

Literacy 3 - Often (2.51 - 3.25)

2 - Hardly (1.76 - 2.50)

1 - Never (1.0 - 1.75)

 18

Frequency in A one (1) item survey question that is answerable by a 4-

visiting online point Liker scale:

shopping sites 4 - Always (3.26 - 4.0)

3 - Often (2.51 - 3.25)

2 - Hardly (1.76 - 2.50)

1 - Never (1.0 - 1.75)

Spending A ten (10) item survey questionnaire that is answerable by

Behavior a 4-point Likert scale:

Towarsa Online 4 - Always (3.26 - 4.0)

Shopping 3 - Often (2.51 - 3.25)

2 - Hardly (1.76 - 2.50)

1 - Never (1.0 - 1.75)

Sampling Procedure

The study utilized the probability sampling procedure, specifically, the

Cluster Sampling. The population is divided into 9 clusters, which are the class

sections of the Grade 12 ABM student. People are selected randomly from within

these groups; however, all groups were included in the study.

The sample population of this study was computed using Slovin’s

Formula, n = N / 1 + N(e2)

Where:

n = sample

N = total population
 19

e = margin of error

The overall total population of the Grade 12 ABM students of Ateneo de

Davao Senior High School is composed of three hundred six.

Thus, n= 306/ (1+306*0.05²)

n= 173

Thus, the sample was computed at 173.

Sample Size According to Strata

Out of the sample size, the number per grade 12 ABM section was

determined using a stratified random sampling technique. The computation for the

sample population for each grade 12 ABM section is:

n1 = N1 / N x n

n1= the sample population of a cluster

N1 = total population of a cluster

N = total population

The table below shows the sample size of each grade 12 ABM section. The

population of each section was determined using Slovin’s Formula. The total

number of the respondents is three hundred sixty-three (n=173.) Twenty (20)

respondents coming from each section: Anchieta, Andlauer, Arrowsmith, and

Bellarmine. Nineteen (19) respondents coming from each section: Acquaviva,

Aranha, Baldinucci, and Berthieu. Lastly, eighteen (18) respondents are coming

from section Berchmans.

Unfortunately, the group was not able to reach the target number of
 20

respondents due to unknown reasons for declining. The group tried to act for these

means but still failed since it is uncontrollable. The group proceed to the process

as per advice by the teacher.

Table 2. Cluster

Grade 12 Sections Total Population Sample Population per

Section

Acquaviva 33 19

Anchieta 35 20

Andlauer 36 20

Aranha 34 19

Arrowsmith 35 20

Baldinucci 33 19

Bellarmine 35 20

Berchmans 32 18

Berthieu 33 19

Total 306 173

Research Instrument

A questionnaire was developed to gather the necessary data for the study.

The questionnaire will be made with the use of Google Form since the data

gathering will be conducted online. This was divided into four parts. Part 1 dealt

with socio-demographic-profile; Part 2 consisted of questions regarding the

 21

students’ level of understanding about Financial Literacy. Part 3 covered how

frequent students visit Online Shopping sites during the pandemic. Lastly, Part 4

includes students spending behavior on Online Shopping.

Data Collection Method

The data collection method involved various steps:

Step 1: The researchers sent a letter addressed to the Ateneo de Davao

Senior High School Admin Office and the registrar for consent to conduct an online

survey. And use Bonafide students’ current population data of Ateneo de Davao

Senior High School Grade 12 ABM students.

Step 2: Upon the University Admin Office and the Registrar’s approval, the

researchers immediately proceeded with the online survey data gathering.

Step 3: The researchers randomly selected the respondents who matched

the study’s variables and asked for permission to participate in the research.

Data Analysis

This study’s data were mostly analyzed using frequency distribution and

mean scores; correlate coefficients, especially the Pearson R, were calculated to

determine the association between knowledge, attitude, and practice.

Ethical Considerations

The researchers followed these protocols in obtaining the needed data for

the study.

Permission Letter. Before data gathering, the researchers secured a

permission letter addressed to school administrators to formally conduct the study

on the Relationship between the Financial Literacy of Ateneo de Davao Senior

 22

High School Grade 12 ABM Learners and their Spending Behavior Towards

Online Shopping Amidst the Covid-19 Pandemic.

Principle of Voluntary Participation. The researchers asked the

respondents if they were willing to participate in the study and respected whatever

decisions were made.

Anonymity and Confidentiality. The researchers ensured the confidentiality

of the respondent’s profile. Codes and aliases may be used or allowed in order to

keep them anonymous.

 23

CHAPTER 4

RESULTS, INTERPRETATION, AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter presents the essential findings of the data gathered from the

selected grade 12 Accountancy, Business and Management students of Ateneo de

Davao University Senior High School, including the respondents’ socio-demographic

profile, spending behavior, and financial literacy. The relationship between the

respondents’ financial literacy and spending behavior towards online shopping amidst

the Covid-19 pandemic was also measured in this chapter.

Part I. Socio-Demographic Profile

Age. Table 1 illustrates that most of the respondents from Grade 12 ABM

Learners of AdDU SHS are 18 years old, with 69.167% of the total.

Table 3
Distribution of Respondents by Age
Age Frequency Percent

17 33 27.50

18 83 69.167

19 4 3.33

Total 120 100.0

Sex. Table 2 reveals that the majority of the respondents are female, with

77.500% of the total. Such results also indicate that most ABM Learners of AdDU

SHS are female.

 24

Table 4
Distribution of Respondents by Sex
Sex Frequency Percent

Male 27 22.50

Female 93 77.50

Total 120 100.00

Section. Table 3 presents that most of the respondents are from section

Andlauer with 16.667%, followed by section Aranha and Baldinucci with 13.333%.

Many learners did not answer the questionnaire. Thus, other sections have a low

number of respondents.

Table 5
Distribution of Respondents by Section
Section Frequency Percent

Acquaviva 15 12.50

Anchieta 14 11.667

Andlauer 20 16.667

Aranha 16 13.33

Arrowsmith 11 9.167

Baldinucci 16 13.33

Bellarmine 9 7.50

Berchmans 10 8.33
 25

Berthieu 9 7.50

Total 120 100.00

Part II. Financial Literacy and Spending Behavior of the Students

This part presents the Grade 12 ABM Students of AdDU SHS’s financial literacy

and spending behavior amidst the pandemic.

Level of Understanding. Table 4 shows the level of understanding of the

students regarding financial literacy is. In analyzing the respondents’ data, the

researchers used two (2) different methods in interpreting the weighted mean for the

questions and overall weighted mean, which is shown below the table. With an overall

weighted mean of 3.188, students are knowledgeable about financial literacy and

know its importance in everyday life. This part can be connected to Christiana

Mbazigwe’s (2013) blog entitled where she describes financial literacy as an ability to

understand how money works and how a person makes, manages, invests, and

expands it.

Table 6
Respondents Level of Understanding

Questions Weighted Mean Interpretation

Save money? 3.317 Always

Budget your money? 2.800 Often

Keeping track of expenses? 3.675 Always
Investing money in investment 3.300 Always
companies? (e.g., stock market)
Plans for future financial needs? 2.283 Rarely
Have emergency funds? 2.575 Often
Give importance to the financial 2.858 Often
budget?
Allocating for needs and wants? 3.000 Often
 26

Save excess allowance? 2.692 Often

Knowledge in financial aspects 2.458 Rarely
help in managing money?
Overall Weighted Mean 3.188 Knowledgeable
Legend for the Questions: 1.0 – 1.75 = Never; 1.76 – 2.50 = Rarely; 2.51 – 3.25 = Often; 3.26 – 4.0 = Always
Legend for Overall Weighted Mean: 1.0 – 1.75 = Highly Unknowledgeable; 1.76 – 2.50 = Unknowledgeable;
2.51 – 3.25 = Knowledgeable; 3.26 – 4.0 = Highly Knowledgeable

Spending Behavior. Table 5 below reveals the spending behavior of the

respondents. In analyzing the respondents’ data, the researchers used two (2)

different methods in interpreting the weighted mean for the questions and overall

weighted mean, which is shown below the table. With an overall weighted mean of

2.896, it means that the respondents have good spending behavior. It shows that

these respondents know to control themselves from purchasing different products in

online stores. The spending behavior of these respondents is formed by different

factors such as their friends and family. As Bona (2017) stated in her research,

students’ spending behavior is influenced by their families. Family plays a significant

role in influencing family members, which are commonly followed by the students.

Table 7
Respondents Spending Behavior
Questions Weighted Mean Interpretation
Prioritizing needs before wants? 3.250 Rarely
Spend more than usual? 3.433 Always
Comparing prices before 3.108 Often
purchasing?
Setting a specific amount when 1.608 Never
purchasing?
Do advertisements easily 3.350 Always
persuade you?
Does family influence you in 2.908 Often
purchasing?
Do friends influence you in 3.575 Always
purchasing?
 27

Waiting for sales before buying 3.517 Always

wants?
Purchasing unnecessary stuff? 3.533 Always

Spending a huge amount of 3.600 Always

money on shopping online?
Overall Weighted Mean 2.896 Good
Legend for the Questions: 1.0 – 1.75 = Never; 1.76 – 2.50 = Rarely; 2.51 – 3.25 = Often; 3.26 – 4.0 = Always
Legend for Overall Weighted Mean: 1.0 – 1.75 = Below Satisfactory; 1.76 – 2.50 = Satisfactory;
2.51 – 3.25 = Good; 3.26 – 4.0 = Excellent

Frequency. Table 6 below shows that the respondents often visit online

shopping sites during the pandemic. With a weighted mean of 3.000, it shows that they

often visit online shopping sites. One of the reasons why students often visit these

online shopping sites is because of their convenience. According to Alreck and Settle’s

(2002) survey research, consumers like online shopping because it is practical and

time-saving, mostly if you have limited time.

Table 8
Respondents Frequency
Overall Weighted Mean Interpretation

Frequency 3.000 Often

Legend: 1.0 – 1.75 = Never; 1.76 – 2.50 = Rarely; 2.51 – 3.25 = Often; 3.26 – 4.0 = Always

Part III. Relationships of Variables

This section reveals the relationship between the Ateneo de Davao Grade 12

ABM learners’ financial literacy and their spending behavior towards online shopping

amidst the Covid-19 pandemic.

Financial Literacy and Spending Behavior Correlated. The relationship

between the respondents' financial literacy and spending behavior towards online

shopping amidst the Covid-19 pandemic is presented in Table 7. Data reveals that
 28

there is a very low correlation between the two variables. With a 0.102 Pearson’s r

result, a qualitative description of very low (>0 to < 0.25).

Thus, this implies that having a knowledgeable understanding of financial

literacy does not significantly impact respondents’ spending behavior towards online

shopping amidst the Covid-19 pandemic.

Table 9
Relationship Between the respondents’ Financial Literacy and Spending
Behavior
Towards Online Shopping Amidst Covid-19 pandemic.

Pearson's Correlations

Pearson's p
r

Level of - Spending 0.102 0.270

Understanding Behavior
 29

CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions, and

recommendations of the data gathered from the selected grade 12 Accountancy,

Business and Management students of Ateneo de Davao University Senior High

School. This will show the significant relationship of the respondents to their level of

understanding, spending behavior, online shopping frequency, and their financial

literacy towards online shopping amidst the Covid-19 pandemic. In the end of this

chapter, recommendations to students, parents, teachers, and future researchers are

presented to help the above mentioned.

Summary of Findings

The primary purpose of the study is to find out if there is a significant relationship

between the two variables Financial Literacy and Spending Behavior of the

respondents. With the result, the researchers can create recommendations that can

significantly help people, especially students. A quantitative correlational design was

used in this study and used the Cluster Sampling technique as the primary method in

gathering data. Lastly, JASP, a statistical application, was used in analyzing data.

Level of Understanding

The results show that the students of Grade 12 ABM Learners of AdDU SHS

have a knowledgeable level towards Financial Literacy, which also reveals that the

teachers and other individuals have appropriately taught students. These findings

relate to the o and Lee (2020) study that teaching financial literacy lessons to students

is essential as it supports them in making monetary transactions decisions.

Spending Behavior
 30

The result shows that the respondents have a good spending behavior towards

online shopping amidst the Covid-19 Pandemic. The spending behavior of these

respondents must be a result of different factors such as their environment. A study

by Tew (2016) stated that socioeconomic factors have influenced the students

spending behavior and are very easily affected by various factors.

Frequency

The result reveals that respondents often visit online shopping sites during the

pandemic. There are many reasons why these respondents often visit online shopping

sites, such as their convenience and ease to use. In an article written by Kiyici (2012),

it was stated that younger people could adapt to newer technologies so they can adapt

to the internet as a shopping tool. It is no wonder why these students often visit online

shopping sites since online shopping is trendy in the younger generation.

Significant Relationship

The result shows that there is a very low correlation between the two variables.

It reveals no significant relationship between the students’ financial literacy and their

spending behavior towards online shopping. Some factors may cause why they don’t

correlate with each other. As D'Silva (2008) said in his article, students are getting a

lot more into consumerism due to environmental factors that surround them. No matter

how well they understand financial literacy, it still depends on their spending behavior.

Conclusion

This research discloses that the Grade 12 ABM Learners of Ateneo de Davao

University have a knowledgeable understanding of Financial Literacy, which is good

since it can be used in everyday life especially in adulting.

Results disclose that the Grade 12 ABM Learners of Ateneo de Davao

University have a good level of spending behavior towards online shopping amidst the
 31

Covid-19 pandemic. This only shows that the respondents are somehow responsible

in utilizing money.

Additionally, the test reveals that the respondents often visit online shopping

sites during the pandemic. The result convey the effect of lockdowns due to the

pandemic.

Lastly, there is no significant relationship between the Grade 12 ABM Learners

of Ateneo de Davao University’s financial literacy and spending behavior. Therefore,

the null hypothesis is accepted.

Recommendations

To Students - The study reveals that there is no significant relationship between

financial literacy and spending behavior. However, the researchers still recommend

the students practice and develop good spending behavior and know more about

financial literacy. Doing so can be beneficial in going to adulthood, where more

decisions will be made with monetary things.

To Parents and Teachers - Parents and teachers are a significant influence on

the students. Their actions and teachings can be a factor in the students’ growth. They

must be a good example to the young ones as they will be our world’s future.

To Future Researchers - The researchers recommend doing studies like this to

dig deeper and try to look at it from different perspectives to find out more things that

can help society.

 32

REFERENCES

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Time Pressure, Time saving and Online Shopping: Exploring a

Contradiction. Retrieved from

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me_Saving_And_Online_Shopping_Exploring_A_Contradiction

Bona, J. (2017). Spending Behavior Among College Students. Retrieved

from http://www.sci-int.com/pdf/636367905598414204.pdf

Bregu, E., Anamali, A., Shosha, B. (2019). Money Management in High

School Students. Retrieved from

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Cennimo, D (2020). What is Covid-19?. MedScape. Retrieved from

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covid-19

Chang, J.(n.d). Online Shopping: Advantages over the Offline Alternative.

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https://www.icommercecentral.com/open-access/online-

shoppingadvantages -over-the-offline-alternative.php?aid=38815

Cudmore, B.A., Patton, J., Ng, K., McClure, C. (2010). The millennials

and money management. Retrieved from

http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.488.834

3&r ep=rep 1&type=pdf

D’Silva, N. (2008). College Students’ Spending Behavior. Retrieved on

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from https://www.bartleby.com/essay/College-Students

-Spending-Behavior -F3MAS9EC8B6S

Donthu, N., & Gustafsson, A. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 on business

and research. Retrieved from

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7280091

Hammond, R. (2002). Practical Money Management & Wealth Creation for

Youth and Young Adults. Retrieved from

https://books.google.co.zw/books?id=PmfwOGTkrb0C&printsec=frontc

over#v=onepage&q&f=false

Hill, R. R., & Perdue, G. (2008). A Methodological Issue In the Measurement of

Financial Literacy. Journal of Economics and Economic Education

Research, 9(2), 43-57.

Ho Maxwell, C. S., & Lee Daphnee, H. L. (2020). School banding effects on

student financial literacy acquisition in a standardised financial literacy

curriculum. The Asia - Pacific Education Researcher, 29(4), 377-391. Doi.

Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40299-019-00491-z

Jain, A. S. (2020). Top 10 Benefits and Disadvantages of Online

Shopping. Retrieved from

https://toughnickel.com/frugal-living/Online-shopping-sites-

benefits

Jiang, L., Yang, Z., Jun, M. (2012). Measuring consumer perceptions of

Online Shopping Convenience. Retrieved from

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_consumer_perceptions_of_online_shopping_convenience

Kiyici, M. (2012). Internet shopping behavior of college of education students.

TOJET : The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 11(3).

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Lam, L., Lam, M. (2017). The association between financial literacy and

Problematic Internet Shopping in a Multinational Sample. Retrieved from

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Laurenco, R. (2020). COVID-19's Complicated Impact on E-Commerce: How to

Deal With the Fallout and Adapt to the New Normal. Retrieved from

https://www.business.com/articles/covid-19-impact-on-e-commerce/

Lediona. (2014). Importance of Budgeting. Retrieved from

http://ryersonentinstitute.org/unit/2-the-importance-of-budgeting/

Lima, Y.J., Osmanb, A., Salahuddin, S.N., Romle, A.R., Abdullah, S. (2015).

Factors Influencing Online Shopping Behavior: The Mediating Role of

Purchase Intention. Retrieved from

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ctors_Influencing_Online_Shopping_Behavior_The_Mediating_Role_of_P

urchase_Intention/links/575feb4b08aec91374b6210e/Factor-Influencing

-Online-Shopping-Behavior-The-Mediating-Role-of-Purchase-Intention.pdf
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Mbazigwe, C. (2016). The meaning of financial literacy and its importance. Retrieve

from https://www.futurpreneur.ca/en/2013/meaning-financial-literacy/

Nagra, D., & Gopal, D. (2013). An study of Factors Affecting on Online

Shopping Behavior of Consumers. Retrieved from

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Tew, C. P. (2016). Spending Behavior of Management Students. Retrieved

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ent

_Students
Younf, H. & Tan, K. (2018). The Influence of Financial Literacy towards risk

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470398The_influence_of_financial_literacy_towards_risk_tolerance/links

/5a9eb daea6fdcc22e2cb32a5/The-influence-of-financial-literacy-

towards-risk -tolerance.pdf
 36

APPENDICES

Informed Consent

December 10, 2020

Dear Respondent:
Good day! Praise be Jesus and Mary
We are the group Ang Galing from Grade 12 section Andlauer of ABM strand of
Ateneo de Davao Senior High School. We are conducting a quantitative research study entitled
“The relationship between the financial literacy of Ateneo de Davao University Grade 12
ABM learners and their spending behavior towards online shopping amidst the COVID-
19 pandemic”. This study aims to find the relationship between the two (2) variables. This
survey questionnaire will explore and describe the students’ spending behavior in online
shopping during this pandemic. Your responses would help us better understand the
relationship between both variables. The information you will provide will be used together
with other information to develop findings, suggestions, and recommendations.
We’re inviting you to be part of our study, which will involve answering our online
survey questionnaire. We assure you that all your responses will be held confidential even after
the research is finished. You have the right to put your name or not, or you can also use an alias
or codename to hide your identity.
If you are willing to participate in this study, kindly sign up for this consent form. If
not, you are free to decline. Thank you and God Bless!
Sincerely,
Group Ang Galing- Andlauer
Bedrejo, Rey Jr S.
Cabiladas, Angelo A.
Cunanan, Michelle Anne E.
Francisco, Craig Isaiah A.
Lopez, Jechzza Lois M.
Tarongoy, Ledevie L.
 37

Permission Letter to the Assistant Director of Academics

December 10, 2020

AUJEFEL AMOR Y. LEE

Assistant Director for Academics
Senior High School Unit

Dear Ms. Lee:

Greetings!

We are learners from Grade 12 of section Andlauer of the Accountancy and Business
Management Strand, and as part of our curriculum, we are required to take the classes
Practical Research 2 and Applied Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion where we
are taught different research methods. We are planning to conduct a quantitative
correlational research study entitled “THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE
FINANCIAL LITERACY OF ATENEO DE DAVAO UNIVERSITY GRADE 12 ABM
LEARNERS AND THEIR SPENDING BEHAVIOR TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING
AMIDST THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC” and our aim is to find the relationship between
the two (2) variables and develop ways to help students in managing money.

In line with this, we would like to ask permission from your good office to allow our
group to conduct our study. Our gathering of data includes sending a letter addressed
to the Ateneo de Davao Senior High School Admin Office and the registrar for consent
to conduct an online survey and an online survey data gathering for randomly selected
respondents who matched the study’s variables.

Should you have any questions or concerns, you may contact us at 09569142531 and
look for Cabiladas, Angelo

Thank you very much and we look forward to your favorable response.

Sincerely,

CABILADAS, ANGELO
Lead Researcher

Noted by:

Josh Ethan Villanueva

Applied Inquiries Teacher
 38

Survey Questionnaire

A SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE on FINANCIAL LITERACY AND

SPENDING BEHAVIOR of ADDU-SHS ABM LEARNERS
General Guidelines
Please answer the following questions honestly and accurately. For the results to
be reliable, please do not leave a question unanswered.

I. Socio-demographic Profile:
 Age - ____
 Sex - _____
 Section - _____

I. Level of understanding about Financial Literacy

4- Always 3- Often 2-Rarely 1-Never
4 3 2 1

1. Do you save money?

2. Do you budget your money?

3. Do you keep track of your expenses?

4. Do you invest your money in investment companies? Such as the

stock market.

5. Do you plan for your future financial needs?

6. Do you have Emergency funds?

7. Do you give importance to your financial budget?

8. Do you allocate for your needs and wants?

9. Do you save your excess allowance?

10. Does your knowledge in financial aspects help you in managing

money?

Spending Behavior Towards Online Shopping

4- Always 3- Often 2-Rarely 1-Never
4 3 2 1

1. Do you prioritize your needs before wants?

2. Do you spend more than you usually do?

3. Do you compare prices before purchasing?

4. Do you set a specific amount when purchasing?

 39

5. Do advertisements easily persuade you?

6. Does your family influence you in purchasing?

7. Do your friends influence you in purchasing?

8. Do you wait for sales before you buy your wants?

9. Do you purchase unnecessary stuff?

10. Do you spend a huge amount of money on shopping online?

Frequency in visiting online shopping sites

4- Always 3- Often 2-Rarely 1-Never
Frequency in visiting online shopping sites 4 3 2 1

1. How often do you visit online shopping sites?

Thank you so much for your kind and honest answers and for sharing your time
today. Your answers are beneficial for the completion of this quantitative study. Once
again, your responses to my questions are kept confidential.

Thank you and enjoy the rest of the day.

May God bless you always!

 40

VALIDATION FORM

VALIDATION SHEET FOR RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE

(FOR QUANTITATIVE RESEARCHES)

To the Evaluator: Please check the appropriate box for your ratings.
Point Equivalent: 5 – Excellent 4 – Very Good 3 – Good
2 - Fair 1 - Poor
INDICATORS 1 2 3 4 5
1. Clarity of Directions and Items
The vocabulary level, language structure and conceptual level of the
questions suit the level of respondents. The test directions and items are 4
written in a clear and understandable manner.

2. Presentation/Organization of Items
The items are presented and organized in logical manner. 5

3. Suitability of Item
The items appropriately represent the substance of the research. The
questions are designed to determine the conditions, knowledge, 5
perceptions and attitudes that are supposed to be measured.

4. Adequateness of Items per Category or Indicator

The items represent the coverage of the research adequately. The
number of questions per indicator/category is representative enough of 5
all variables/concepts defined for the particular research.

5. Attainment of the Purpose

The instrument as a whole fulfills the objective for which it was
5
constructed.

6. Objectivity
Each item/question requires only one specific answer or measures only
one behavior and no aspect of the questionnaire suggests bias (such as 5
gender stereotype, etc.) on the part of the researcher.

7. Scale and Evaluation Rating System

The scale adapted is appropriate for the items. 5

AVERAGE RATING 4.85

Remarks: If the mode of administering the survey is in google form, just enhance the
instructions. Overall, this is good to go.

__CHRISTIAN M. TAYAB___ Date evaluated: December 7, 2020

Validator
 41

VALIDATION FORM

VALIDATION SHEET FOR RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE

(FOR QUANTITATIVE RESEARCHES)

To the Evaluator: Please check the appropriate box for your ratings.

Point Equivalent: 5 – Excellent 4 – Very Good 3 – Good 2 - Fair 1 - Poor

INDICATORS 1 2 3 4 5

1. Clarity of Directions and Items /

The vocabulary level, language structure and conceptual level of the
questions suit the level of respondents. The test directions and items
are written in a clear and understandable manner.

2. Presentation/Organization of Items /
The items are presented and organized in logical manner.

3. Suitability of Item /
The items appropriately represent the substance of the research. The
questions are designed to determine the conditions, knowledge,
perceptions and attitudes that are supposed to be measured.

4. Adequateness of Items per Category or Indicator /

The items represent the coverage of the research adequately. The
number of questions per indicator/category is representative enough
of all variables/concepts defined for the particular research.

5. Attainment of the Purpose /

The instrument as a whole fulfills the objective for which it was
constructed.

6. Objectivity /
Each item/question requires only one specific answer or measures
only one behavior and no aspect of the questionnaire suggests bias
(such as gender stereotype, etc.) on the part of the researcher.

7. Scale and Evaluation Rating System /

The scale adapted is appropriate for the items.

AVERAGE RATING 31/35

Remarks:

Kindly apply the necessary changes based on my comment on the word

document containing your questionnaire. Organize your questions in such a
manner that the same questions are falls under a category is on the same area.

KARL M. MACAPAGAL, LPT (SGD.) Date evaluated: 12/07/2020

Validator
 42

CURRICULUM VITAE

Rey Sulibran Bedrejo Jr.

Address: Prk. Azocena, Brgy. Lungaog, Santo Tomas, Davao Del Norte.

Age: 18 years old

Gender: Male

Civil Status: Single

Birthday: December 19, 2002

Birthplace: Tagum City

Mother’s Name: Mary Grace S. Bedrejo

Father’s Name: Rey V. Bedrejo Sr.

E-mail Address: rsbedrejojr@addu.edu.ph

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

School Level School Year

Ateneo de Davao Senior High 2019 - 2021

University

Philippine Baptist Junior High 2015 - 2019

Christian College of
Mindanao. Inc.

North Davao Colleges Elementary 2009 - 2015

 43

CURRICULUM VITAE

Angelo Aquino Cabiladas

Address: 184 Gumamela St. Bucana Kasilak Brgy. 76-A Davao City

Age: 18 years old

Gender: Male

Civil Status: Single

Birthday: February 18, 2003

Birthplace: Davao City

Mother’s Name: Carol A. Cabiladas

Father’s Name: Basilio B. Cabiladas

E-mail Address: aacabiladas@addu.edu.ph

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

School Level School Year

Ateneo de Davao Senior High 2019 - 2021

University

Brokenshire Science Junior High 2015 - 2019

High School

UCCP Paaralang Pag-

asa Elementary 2009 - 2015
 44

CURRICULUM VITAE

Michelle Anne Escartin Cunanan

Address: Block 85, Lot 16, Petunia Street, Phase 3, Deca Homes Indangan,

Davao City

Age: 19 years old

Gender: Female

Civil Status: Single

Birthday: January 9, 2002

Birthplace: Cebu City

Mother’s Name: Gemma Escartin-Cunanan

Father’s Name: Enrico S. Cunanan

E-mail Address: maecunanan@addu.edu.ph

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

School Level School Year

Ateneo de Davao Senior High 2019 - 2021

University

Ateneo de Davao Junior High 2015 - 2019

University

University of Cebu – Elementary 2009 - 2015

Main Campus
 45

CURRICULUM VITAE

Craig Isaiah Alburo Francisco

Address: Purok 5, Rambutan St., Tugbok Proper, Davao City

Age: 18 years old

Gender: Male

Civil Status: Single

Birthday: March 12, 2002

Birthplace: Cebu City

Mother’s Name: Rhena Kathleen A. Francisco

Father’s Name: Linthon G. Francisco

E-mail Address: ciafrancisco@addu.edu.ph

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

School Level School Year

Ateneo de Davao Senior High 2019 - 2021

University

San Pedro College Junior High 2015 - 2019

Inc.

B.A.T.A. & Playschool Elementary 2009 - 2015

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CURRICULUM VITAE

JECHZZA LOIS MAGANDA LOPEZ

Address: Blk3 Lot10 Gutierrez Village, Lizada, Toril, Davao City

Age: 17 years old

Gender: Female

Civil Status: Single

Birthday: April 29, 2003

Birthplace: Davao City

Mother’s Name: Rochelle M. Lopez

Father’s Name: Jeremy R. Lopez

E-mail Address: jlmlopez@addu.edu.ph

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

School Level School Year

Ateneo de Davao Senior High 2019 - Present

University

General Baptist Bible Junior High 2015 - 2019

College

Don Juan dela Cruz Elementary 2009 - 2015

Central Elementary
School
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CURRICULUM VITAE

Ledevie Lemos Tarongoy

Address: Blk 4 L 25 Genesis St. Deca Homes Catalunan Grande, Davao City

Age: 18 years old

Gender: Female

Civil Status: Single

Birthday: February 13, 2003

Birthplace: Davao City

Mother’s Name: Divina L. Tarongoy

Father’s Name: Leonardo V. Tarongoy

E-mail Address: ledltarongoy@addu.edu.ph

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

School Level School Year

Ateneo de Davao Senior High 2019 - Present

University

Christian Colleges of Junior High 2015-2019

Southeast Asia

Thompson Christian Elementary 2009-2015

School