Economic development of any country depends on 4 feature and that are human resources, natural resources,

physical capital and technology.

Economic planning; five year plans;

In order to achieve the goals of economic development in a time bound manner india adopted a planned
approach thru the implementAtion of five year plans. A planning commission was established in 1950 under the
chairmanship of the theen prime minister jawaharlal nehru. The objectives of economic planning are to increase
the national income, develop agriculture and industries, utilise human and natural resources, provide
employment facilities and opportunities and reduce unemployment. The first 5 year plan was introduction in
1951 and the planning commission has drawn 12 five year plans from 1951 to 2017. In 2015, the planning
commission was replaced by the niti aayog, a think tank introduced by the nda government under the
chairmanship of prime minister narendra modi. The niti aayog primarily formulates policies and supports
cooperative federal structure that helps the centee and the state to work together on the developmental policies.
It has adopted measures to eliminate poverty and provide a better chance to the citizens to live a better life,
removing caste and gender based dscrimination, generate employment, ecological heritage. The five year plans
were first introduces in soviet union and india drew the inspiration from there. The planning commission was
supposed to make efforts to increase the agricultural production and was done thru various agrarian reforms.
The zamindari system was abolished in 1954, tenant peasants were given the ownership of land, tractors,
fertilisers and many better scientific ,methpods were introduced, loans and marketing facilities were available. In
1982, NABARD was set up by the reserved bank pf india, irrigation facilities. The earlier methods of irrigation
like the persian wheel were not sufficient for the growing needs. The year plans have led to the development of a
network of tubee wells , inspite only 18 % of land id being irrigated. The green revolution particularly
benifotted punjeb, haryana and UP, public sector industries are those who r being controlled by the government
and some examples are BHEL, ONGC, etc. private sssector are reliance, godrej etc. now, private sector
industries know that only if their products are great they can survive and as a result they r performing better
than the public sector industries. Small scale industries require aa limited capital and a small number of workers.

The industrial policy of 1991 brought about changes to the indian economy when th egovernment threw open
its doors to foreign investment. This was known as the policy of liberalisation. Unnecesary controls and rules
and regulations on the private sector were removed. Competitiveness and exports were encouraged and foreign
business houses were encouraged to do business in india.

Latest economic initiatives;

Gst; 1 july 2017. This one tax replaced many indirect taxes that were levied on the supply of the goods.
Demonetisation; in a bid to end corruption and widespread use of black money, on 8 november 2016 the
currency notes were changed.
Skill up india; a programme tp intend the train and develop industrial and entrepreneurial skills among the
youth of india, 15 july 2015
Startup india; scheme for generation of employment and wealth creation.
Role of government in social sector
1 april 2009, national rural drinking water programme
2 october 2014 swachh bharat mission
Education empowers people keeping this in mind the government increased the amount of educational fund to
10% increase from 2018-2019, sarva siksha abhiyan, mahila samakhya programme was launched in 1988.
Loans were provided for ppl tp set up their own business who are suffering from unemployment., cooperatives
where people can join hands and start a business together to reduce the unemployment rate, training facilities,
employment exchanges, under the mahatma gandhi national rural employment guarantee act 200,5, the
government provides 100 days of employment to the adult members of rural househjolds.

As the result of the process off urbanisation, the rural industries have been declined, this has led to widespread of
unemployment in the rural areas. The jobless land in the cities in search pf opportunities and the problem of
unemployment intensifies, the government made efforts to start industries based on agricuktrue in rural areas so
rhatr the movement of people towards towns and cities is curtailed and thye are bale to find employment closer
to their home, if this successes then the unemployment problem ca be solved to a great extent.

Poverty schemes are PMRY, IRDP etc,

.