Ch8

The first step towards the education of india was the charter act of 1813
The first institutions were; calcutta madras was set up by warren hastings in 1781 for the study of muslim law
and reklated subjects.
Sanskrit college by jonathan duncan at benaras in 1791 for hindu law and philosophy.
Fort william college in 1800 for training of civil servants of the company in languages and customs of indians.

During the 19th century english missionary activists like charles grant and william wilberforce compelled that
east india company should give up its non intervention in education. They thought that indians would destroy
the faith in their own religion and wouks start following christianity.

The first step towards the educational development was taken by the british rules afte the charter act of 1813 this
act auctioned 1 lak rupees.
Charles grant is considered too be the fathe rof modern education as it was him that the charter act of 1813 came
into force.

There were two groups in the field of education —- orientalists and anglicists
The education policy was influenced by the orientalists such as william jones and colebrooke. Thye got the
sanskrit and persian texts translated in english tp understand the culture. While anglicists believed that
education imparted from sanskrit and persian texts were unscientific
Orientalis wanted to promote indian education thru the medium of classical languages. While anglicists wanted
the promotion of education by the english language.

Raja rammohan roy also exerted pressure on government to promote western and modern education.

MACAULAYS SYSTEM OF EDUCATION

The anglicist- orientalists controversy was put to an end after in 1835 when lord macaulays minute stated that
the limited government resources were to be devoted to teach western sciences and literature thru the medium of
english alone. 42 schools were set up by 1842 and bengal was divided into 9 educational zones
By governor general auckland , each zone was to have government school.

WOOD DESPATCH
Charles wood in 1858 prepared a despatch on an educational system for india.
This doc was the 1st comprehensive plan and was considered as the ‘magna carta of english education in india’.
The recommandations were;
Government of india was asked to take the responsibility of the education of the masses, trainings were given for
female education, educational departments like high school, universities, primary and secondary school was to
be set up, universities were set up at bombay, calcutta, mudras in 1857 , english was recommended for the
education of high schoolers amd indian languages at the school level.
Hunters commission;
In 1882, the government appointed a commission under the chaiermanship of willlian wilson hunter to review
the progress of education since the woods despatch 1854.

Raleigh commission
It was set up in 1902 andwas set up to suggest measures to improve the conditions of indian unis. The indian
universities act was passed in 1904 under lord curzon.

Wardha scheme of education

Mahatma gandhi and the indian national congress thught that western education had created a gulf between the
educated few and the masses. The congress organised a national conference on education in october 1937 in
wardha, the zakir hussain committee formulated a detailed national scheme for the basic education. The main
principal behind this was ‘learning thru activity’ and was based on gandhian ideas published in a series of articles
in the weekly–harijan.

LIMITATION OF BRITISH POLICIES OF EDUCATION

British completly neglectd the education of indians , they thought that educating a new indians would be enable
to educate the other masses, womens education was completely neglected and only a few handful of womens
were able to resd and write, british declared that all the government employment process was to be carries out in
english and neglected indian traditions, the british wanted to use the modern way for education so tht they csn
strengthen their base of political authprity in india.

Growth of national education

The nationalist leader formed a national council of education and thye had to come out with an strategy for
education of all the societies in india and for that thye set up a few schools like MAO at aligarh.

ESTABLISHMENT OF UNIVERSITIES
Baroda university;
Was first visualised by dr jackson. In1916 and again in 1919 review committees recommended setting up a civic
university of baroda. In 1926, the baroda university commission was appointed which submitted its report in
1929. Finally the baroda university was approved by the legislative assembly in 1949.

University at aligarh;
The university grew out of the efforts of sir syed ahmed khan, who,in aftermath of the indian rebellion of 1857
felt that it was important for muslims to recieve modern education and become involved in the public life and
government services of india at that tjme.
In 1864, the scientific society of aligard was setup to disseminate western works into muslim community and
introduce them to westrern education.
In 1875, hwe founded the muhammadan anglo- oriental college in aligarh and structured the college after oxford
and cambridge universities.
A school for girls was established in 1907. By 1920 the college transformed into a university and it qas naemd
aligaarh muslim university. The first chancellor of the university was a lady, sultan shah jahan begum.
In 1927 a school for the blinds was established and a medical school too.