IQRA University

Islamabad Campus
Fall 2021 Semester

Subject: DCN
Assignment # _3____ due date: 13th Dec21

Name Adnan Ahmad ID(30481)

Instructionsm: Dr Syed Irfan Sohail

a) Why ATM and FRAME Relay techniques were introduced?
At the beginning of the 1990s, Frame Relay service was introduced. While using
the same DS0 and fractional or full T1/E1 and T3/E3 connections, by connecting
to a "cloud" from a service provider, you no longer needed to purchase and manage
individual links between each of the locations that you wanted to connect. Frame
Relay service offered much lower monthly WAN costs, far fewer physical
connections to manage, allowed the expensive last-mile link bandwidth to be
shared (and thus used more efficiently) across multiple remote connections, and
required less expensive router hardware than the point-to-point alternative. This
overwhelmingly compelling economic story – OpEx and CapEx both – caused a
revolution in the corporate WAN and contributed to its rapid growth. Within 5
years of its introduction, even the most conservative enterprises such as banks had
migrated to Frame Relay. It was the fastest uptake of any WAN service in history
– including the public Internet.S

ATM:

The second major development introduced in 1992 was ATM. ATM is a robust set
of protocols that works in more than the WAN, but is designed to work across the
various platforms of network from the LAN, CAN, MAN, and WAN. Because it
was designed as a transport set of protocols to work at layer 2 of the OSI
equivalent model, ATM both competes with and complements the use of Frame
Relay. 
b) Explain with the help of diagram, how ATM and FRAME Relay techniques are different
from each other.

Frame Relay:
Frame Relay is that the transmission mode during which information is transferred
through electric circuit layer, within the style of packets. It provides the information
speed from sixty four Kbps to
forty five Mbps. Frame relay has variable packet size. It doesn’t give error
management and flow management. The responsibility of frame relay is a smaller
amount.

Asynchronous Transmission Mode (ATM):

ATM has mounted packet size. It provides the information speed of a hundred and
fifty five.5 Mbps or 622 Mbps. ATM provides error management and flow
management. it’s a decent reliable than frame relay.
B) Draw the PDU diagram of ATM and FRAME Relay.