oN Za g°-T-go3. Experiment No 1 MASS FLOW OF AIR OF PETROL ENGINE Objective To calculate the mass flow rate of air at suction of petrol engine Introduction: Lo / In an internal combustion engine, when intake vals introduced in intake stroke and mixed with fuel. And the piston is connected to crankshaf yg connecting rod. This crankshaft is further transforms the mechanical work into desired output. Only th ig gasoline needs to be mixed into the air for this to work. So the amount of air is important on output. Apparatus Apparatus for this experiment has three different parts > SLEngine | > Computer system with Sofiware | | > Versatile Data Acquisition System Scanned with CamScannerProcedure > Tum the apparatus on, 7 Start the engine using petrol as fuel, > Record thie readings of ambient air temperature, outlet air different rpn mperature, suction pressure and speed of engine from data acquisition system at > Also record the mass flow rate of the fuel. > Repeat this procedure at different speeds of engine and note all readings. Precautions: > All equipment covers and guards for uncovered drive segments ought to be supplanted before starting the engine. > Don’t put anything on the engine. Calculations: . padP/eTa Mass flow of air = 4 Cd = 0.6 d= 18.5 mm = 0.185m = Diameter of orifice R=287)Kg"K Ta = 303K Pa= 1 atm = 101325 Pa ‘At 2496 rpm. 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ANION OULAd INL JO AQNAIOWIAT OULANWAIOA LON nomsurd | Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScanner Z / eu OLX 9167 OLX 1807 ost,“ scor 66°01 ote OL ¥ 8197 OLX 91861 nies oze Lou S89 Ol szosz | OLX P9I'L 00 Lert 601 Leo OLX STZ Don’t put anything on the engine, >. Stay away from the engine exhaust. > Make sure engine fuel is not leaking, > Stay alert while working. Conclusion From the above proceedings I ean conclude that, BMEP is directly proportional tothe engines Aill it reaches at its peak value after that it decreases with any increase in engine speed. ‘Scanned with CamScannerExperiment No 2 X FLOW OF AIR OF DIESEL ENGINE Odjestive oulate the mass flow rate of air at tion of diesel engine. Apparatus Agporatss for this experiment has three diftsent pasts > Diesel Engine > Computer system with Software > Versatile Data Acquisition System vy v Recond the readings of ambient air temperature, outlet air temperature, suction pressure and speed of engine from data acquisition system at different 1pm, Also recond the mass flow rate of the fel. Repeat this procedure at different speeds of engine and note all readings, v v ‘Scanned with CamScannerCalculations GI 2 dxPixd® xV2Pq xAP/RxTa Mass Flow Rate = Cd = 06 4 d= 18.5 mm = 0.0185m = Diameter of orifice R= 287 JKg"K Ta = 293K Pa=\ atm = 101325 Pa At 1785 rpm AQ = 60 = suction pressure Mass flow air = 1.939 x 10° Observations & Table Engine Engine Engine Speed(RPM) Suction Mass flow, Torque(Nm) Power(watt) Pressure(pascal) aici) o1 1682 1785 60 1.939 x10 96 2020 2048 6B 1.987 x10 10.2 2410 2215 122 2.765 x10 10.4 2730 2470 195 3.496 x 10 10.6 2887 2671 243 3.902 x 10 10.6 3051 2762 304) 4.365 x10 10,7 3350 2744 335 4.717 x10 10.8 3454 3059 410 5.069 x 10 Scanned with CamScannerGraph gol 98 Mass Flow of Air 55/202. Sheed and Mass Flow of Air Mass Fi \ ~ 16co 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 Speed Precautions: v lll equipment covers and guards for uncovered drive segments ought to be supplanted before starting the engine, oe Don’t put anything on the engine. > Stay away from the engine exhaust. > Make sure engine fuel is not leaking. > Stay alert while working. Conclusion [As the engine speed increases, combustion rate of fuel also increases, so we ean say that more fel will be required for complete combustion, Hence engine speed is directly proportional to air fuel ratio, Scanned with CamScannerExperiment No 13 MASS FLOW OF FUEL OF DIESEL ENGINE Objective Tocaeulate the mass low rate of fuel into the Diesel engine a different engine speeds Pei Apparatus Apparatus required for this experiment are given below > ClEngine > Computer system with Software > Versi Procedure Tur the apparatus on. Start the engine using diesel as fuel. Record the readings of am! temperature, outlet air temperature, suction pressut speed of engine from data acquisition system at different rpm, Also record the mass flow rate of the fuel. Repeat vvv v v procedure at different speeds of engine and note all readings. Scanned with CamScannercalculations -1 1 Now rateof fuel =LS™) *1 lass Now rate of fuel = pty p= 840 ky nr e speed 1785 rpm Volume of fuel consumed = 8 ml ne of fuel consumed = 56 sec Mass flow of fuel = 840 * 1.43 x 107 = 12x 10*kg Observations & Table 1000 gine Engine Volume of | Mass flow rate arque(Nm) | Power(watt) fein) ce 1 1682 143x107 12x 10* ‘6 2020 2048 45 .78 x 107 1.49x 10" 02 2410 40 2x 107 1.68 x 10" oF 2730 2470 37 2.16x 107 81x 107 2887 2671 cr 2.35.x 107 1.98 x 10" 06 3051 2762 30 2.67x 107 2.24x 10" W 3350 2744 29 2.76 x 107 2.32x 107 18 3454 3059 27 2.96 x 107 2.49x 10* Scanned with CamScannerraph a vs Mass Flow of Fuel to 1 Speed and Mass Flow of Fug, 26 Mass Flow of Fue! 12\—— 600 Precautions: v All equipment covers and guards for uncovered drive before starting the engine, ese, ssments ought to be supplanted v Don’t put anything on the engine, v Stay away from the engine exhaust, v Make sure engine fuel is not leaking, > Stay alert while working. Conclusion As we ean see from the calculations, mass flow rate of fuel will increase as the engine speed increases. So we can say that they directly related to each other. Scanned with CamScannerExperim AIR FUEL RATIO OF DI objective ine speeds. ocalculate the air fuel ratio of diesel engine at differ Apparatus Apparatus required for this experiment are given below > C1Engine > Computer system with Software > Versatile Data Acquisition System Procedure > Tum the apparatus on. erature, suction pressure Scanned with CamScannerCatoulations Air Pact ratio = mat At oaginte spocd L78Smpm = 1.939 x 10° mf= 1.2.x 104 19399 10-3 Air Fuel ratio = = 16.2 NT) Observations & Table | Engine Engine Engine Mass flow of | Mass flow of | Airy | Torque(Nm) | Power Ate (ke) Fuel Gea) a (watt) 91 1682 1785 1.939 x 10” 1.2x 10% 9.6 2020 2048 1.987 x 10° 49x 10% 133 10.2 2410 2215 2.765 x 10° 1.68 x 10 165 10.4 2730 2470 3.496 x 107 1.81 x 10" 193 10.6 2887 2671 3.902 x 107 1.98 x 10% 19.7 10.6 3051 2762 4.365 x 10° 2.24 x 10% 19.5 10.7 3350 2744 4.717 x10" 2.32 x 10% 203 10.8 3454 3059 5.069 x 107 2.49 x 107 204 Scanned with CamScannerGraph speed vs Air Fuel Ratio eee Speed sid Air Ful Ratio mana | Ss é 3 é < Precautions: > All equipment covers angf guards for uncovered drive segments ought to be supplanted before starting the engjfe. > Don’t put anything of the engine. > Stay away from the/engine exhaust. > Make sure enging/tuel is not leaking > Stay alert whileAvorking. Conclusion 7 [will say that as engine speed increases the mass flow rate of air will also increase, So we ean also to engine speed, say that mass flow rate of air is directly proport Scanned with CamScannerA Experiment No 15 SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUPTION OF DIESEL ENGINE Objective To calculate the specific fuel consumption of four stroke diesel engine. Apparatus Apparatus required for this experiment are given below. > ClEngine > Computer system with Software Procedure > Tum the apparatus on, > Start the engine using di > Record the reac v Also record the mass flow rate of the fuel. v Repeat this procedure at different speeds of engine and note all readings. Scanned with CamScannercateulations mfx 3600 psc Fuel Consumption (SFC) = power x 1000 ‘yc 785 pm f=12x 10" power= 1682 SFC = 6.198 x 10° Observations & Table rey | Petaeabs | maka) | Samzzreer [Seem 1785 12x10" 1682 2.57 x 107 2048 149x 10" 2020 2.66 x 107 102 2215 1.68 x 107 2410 2.51.x 10” 104 2470 181x107 2730 239x107 2671 1.98 x 10" 2887 247x107 2762 3051 2.64x 107 2744 3350 249x107 3059 2.49 x 10" 3454 2.60 x 107 Scanned with CamScanner“paods auraua otp 0} uonejar asioaur uv sey uondumsuos ary ay1oads pepmioue pinom | og “eur uids Qz$z a¥p sossed paods auiBus oxp se aseaisap 01 sutRaq sysosearouy paads ouriuo oxy se soseasop wondumsuos jong ayioads Suruuiag A194 xp uy uorsnjauog Buppom anya uspe kg “Bupyea| 1ou st Jory aurus ans ayy “ysneyxa ou1Sue ayy toy Seae Atig “ouifua oq uo SuNpAue ind 1.uog ~ “ouiBua ay Sunms azojaq Peuumyddns aq 01 1yno suas aap porososun 10} ‘spaend pue suo juawidinbs [Ty < isuonnesaag poadg Ooze = ovor cone 009% = OOvZ =~ oozz 0002 = opet oo9L [Po sez I 2% sez J sz / o / g 3 / | sz / oz D soz ~~Sas put peadg ae as ss pads ydvas) Scanned with CamScannerExperiment N CALCULATED VOLUME OF DIESEL ENGINE Objective To calculate the volume of air fuel mixture at different engine speeds Apparatus Apparatus required for this experiment are given below CI Engine > Computer system with Software v Versatile Data Aequi Procedure ‘Tum the apparatus on. Start the engine using diesel as fuel. Record the readings of ambient air temperature, outlet air temperature suction pressure fe from data acquisition system at different rpm. o vv and speed of en: Also record the mass flow rate of the fuel. procedure at different speeds of engine and note all readiness. v > Repeat this Scanned with CamScannerCalculations Engine CapacityxN SSK —— 60x. Calculated Volume = Zz Engine Capacity = 232cc = 0.000232 m?> Stroke = 4 At engine speed 1785 rpm Calculated Volume = 3.451 x 10° m? Observations & Table Engine Torque(Nm) | ~ Engine Power(watty Engine Speed (RPM) Caleulatey Volume (n3 on 1682, 1785 3.451 x10) 96 2020 2048 3.959 x 10° 10: z 2410 2215 4..282x 10° 104 2730 * 2470 4.775 x10! -—___ | 106 [rj -——____ | 2671 5.163 x10" ‘06 | = -—-— 2762 5.339x 10" 7 a | %*—+—__ | ca) 5.691 x 10 3454 ee HT 3059 5.91410 ee — Scanned with CamScanneranh avs Calculated Volume Speed and Calculated Volume 6-———— Calculated Volume Precautions: All equipment covers and guai before starting the engine. g g 3 & 8 5 Conclusion Volume flow rate of the air fuel will increase as the engine speed increases. In these findings 1 ‘ove just calculated the volume flow rate of the air fuel, in the next € ‘olumetric efficiency following required parameters. These findings are giving us knowledge of sxperiment I will find the "Sired amount of volume of air fuel for proper combustion at specific engine speed. Scanned with CamScannerExperiment No 17 EL ENGINE MEASURED VOLUME OF DIESEL E Objective «fuel mixture at different engine speeds ‘To calculate the measured volume of Apparatus Apparatus required for this experiment are given below > ClEngine > Computer system with Software > Versatile Data Acquisition System Procedure > Turn the apparatus on. > Start the engine using diesel as fuel. . Record the readings of ambient air temperature, outlet air temperature, suction press" speed of engine from data acquisition system at different rpm. Also record the mass flow rate of the fuel. Repeat this procedure at different speeds of engine and note all readings. v vv Scanned with CamScannersjeutations feo red Volume = maxRxTa Pa Ro287JKg"K Ta= 293K pa=1 atm = 101325 Pa Atengine speed 1785 rpm. ma = 1.939 x 10° ‘Measured Volume = 1.609 x 1 mi Observations & Table Engine Engine Engine Speed | ma(kg) Measured Power(watt) | Torque(Nm) (RPM) Volume(m3) 1682 OL 1785 1.939 x 10" 1.609 x 10° 2020 96 2088 1.987 x 10" 1.649 x 10° 2410 10.2 2215 2.765 x 10" 2.294 x 10° 7730 104 2470 3.496 x 10° 2.901 x 10° 2887 2671 3.902 x 10° 3.238 x10" 3051 2762 4.365 x 10” 3.622. x 10" 3350 107 2744 4717 x10" 3.914 x 10 3454 108 3059 5.069. 10° 4.206% 10" Scanned with CamScannerGraph Speed vs Measured Volume g 3 3 3 pico 260028 Spoed i s oug! supplanted ‘All equipment covers and guards for uncovered drive segments ought to be supp! before starting the engine. Don’t put anything on the engine. v ¥ stay away from the engine exhau Yj Make sure engine fuel is not leaking. +; Stay alert while working. Conclusion , . ‘crt ine speed increases volume of intake mixture als? inet from the table, as the: Aswi So we can conclude thal they are direetly proportional to each other. Scanned with CamScannerExperiment No 18 — poe of- Pode VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY OF DIESEL ENGIN nective ocaleulate the volumetric efficiency of four stroke diesel engine at different engine speeds. Apparatus apparatus required for this experiment are given below > ClEngine > Computer system with Software Versatile Data Acquisition System Tf. Figure 1 Engine Performance Test Sed Procedure > Tum the apparatus on. Start the engine using diesel as fuel. Record the readings of ambient air temperature, t and speed of engine from data acquisition system at different rpm. © Also record the mass flow rate of the fuel, Repeat this procedure at different speeds of engine and note all readings. outlet air temperature, suction pressure Scanned with CamScannerCalculations measured volume y= x 100 calculated volume Efficiene AC L785 pm Measured Volumetric volume = 1.609 x 10° m? Calculated Volume = 3.451 x 10° m? Volumetric Efficiency = 46.6 % Observations & Table Engine Engine | Engine Speed | Measured Calculated | Eitficeasy Power(watt) | Torque(Nm) | (RPM) Volume (m3) | Volume (m3) 1682 9.1 1785 1.609 x 10) BAST x 10" We 2020 96 2048 TX 10 3.950 x 10" We 210 102 Bar 2209 10 FISIN IO 35 2730 104 2470 2.901 x 10 or 2887 10.6 2671 3.238x 10 5.163 x 10 er 3051 10.6 2762 3.622 x 10 5.339 x 107 ors 3350 10.7 27 3.914 x10" 5.691 x 10" si 354 108 3059 4206% 10 ‘5.914 x 10" ™ 4 Scanned with CamScannerieney Speed ani ;.—- 5 Nt Volumetric Etticlency 70 os o & - 300 . a fo Hiss fo 3 ® ts "hoo 18002000 2ac0 2100 am Zane Speed Precaution’ > Allequipment cover before starting the engine, nd guards for uncovered drive segments ought to be supplanted > Don’t put anything on the engine, * Stay away from the engine exhaust. * Make sure engine fuel is not leaking. » Stay alert while working, Conclusion, ‘hould conelude that volumetric efficiency is direetly proportional to the engine speed following ney is maximum ata Swabove proceedings. We can observe from table that volumetric effi ‘cific speed and then it starts decreasing. Scanned with CamScannerExperiment No 19 HEAT ENERGY OF FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINE, Objective i at different engine speeds, To calculate the Heat Energy of four stroke diesel engi at different engine spe Apparatus Apparatus required for this experiment are given below > ClEngine > Computer system with Software + Versatile Data Acquisition System Procedure > Tum the apparatus on, + Start the engine using diesel as fuel. 7 Record the readings of ambient air temperature, outlet air temperature, suction pres speed of engine from data acquisition system at different rpm. > Also record the mass flow rate of the fuel. > Repeat this procedure at different speeds of engine and note all re: ings. 7 Scanned with CamScanneroteutations pat Enerey = He = mlx Clx 10° (e390 Mike yjatoneray at 1785 rpm fe l2x 10% > Heat Energy = 4680) observations & Table Engine Engine ‘Speed (RPM) ‘Mass flow of Heat Power(watt) ‘Torque(Nm) Fuel(kg) Energy (0) 1682 9.1 1785 12x10" 4680 2020 96 2088 149% 10" S81 | [me 102, 25 1.68 x 10" 6552 2 10.4 2470 TSI x10" 7059 [287 106 2671 1.98% 10" 7722 | 30st 106 2762 224% 10" S736 rr 7] Fi DEK o088 | a a aa Alara Scanned with CamScannerGraph Speed vs Heat Energy Speed and Heat Energy ae so00F So cooal ss ee Speed Precautions: ++ “All equipment covers and guards for uncovered drive segments ought to be supplanted before starting the engine, > Don't put anything on the engine. > Stay away from the engine exhaust. > Make sure engine fuel is not leaking. > Stay alert while working. Conclusion Thave seen that fuel consumption is increasing with the engine speed and as a result heat also increases. From this | will conclude that heat energy is directly proportional tothe speed. Scanned with CamScannerExperiment jou ENTHALPY OF FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGIN objective gocalculate the Enthalpy of four stroke diesel engine at different engine speeds. Apparatus apparatus required for this experiment are given below > CIEngine > Computer system with Software > Versatile Data Acquisition System ‘Figure 1:€ Procedure v ‘Tum the apparatus on. gine using diese ; / ects herein sp af ambient air temperature, outlet air temperature, suction pressure and ing’ a reregine fom data acquisition system at different rpm. the fuel. Also record the mass flow rate of “ne _ Repeat his procedure at different spe=ts of engine and note all readings. pes Las fuel. vv vv Scanned with CamScanner