NATURAL PHENOMENON

Member name:
1.alyssa Qotrunnada (4)
2. Lilis Andryani (14)
3. M. Rizal Nurmahendra (15)
4. Maylani P Indriyani (16)

How does a tsunami occur

The process of the occurrence of a tsunami is initiated by the vertical

movement of the plate in the form of a fault. This fault causes the
seabed to rise or fall suddenly, or in this phase it is called an
earthquake. Usually earthquakes occur in subduction areas. Now
because of this earthquake, the balance of the water above it is
disturbed so that there is a flow of seawater energy. This energy is in
the form of waves moving towards the coast and is commonly
known as a tsunami.
Tsunamis can occur due to several factors. Although almost 90% of
the factors that cause tsunamis are underwater earthquakes, the
other 10% can be in the form of volcanic eruptions or
meteors/asteroids that fall into the sea which in essence can cause
the balance of sea water to be disturbed.

An example is the tsunami that occurred during the massive eruption

of Mount Krakatoa. The location of the volcano in the sea is also a
factor in itself. When it erupts, the mountain ejects various earth
materials. Now the materials in the mountains can scatter towards
the coast and can cause a tsunami.
An earthquake with a high strength that can cause a tsunami or in
other words an earthquake with a strength of at least 6.5 on the
Richter Scale (Ritcher Scale). In addition, the location of the
earthquake is also a consideration, an earthquake centered in the
middle of a shallow sea (0-30 km) can cause the tsunami to occur
faster to land.
A tsunami is not a single wave that comes and goes, but a tsunami is
a series of large waves. In the open ocean, tsunami waves don’t look
big, but when they reach shallow water, they become higher than
normal water levels. High and fast waves can cause fatalities and
other losses.