E- PORTFOLIO.

John Kristoffer L. Sagun

FLCT REFLECTION PAPERS

Metacognition

When I hear the word "metacognition," the first thing that springs
to mind is "thinking about thinking" or "higher order thinking skills." After
reading the materials, we only have to answer a few questions about
metacognition before we can move on to the typical discussion. I
learned the deeper meaning of metacognition and how to apply it in
real life in this chapter lesson.
"If you teach a person how to learn, you are preparing that
person for the future," says Cyril Houle. Based on this remark, I would
argue that I, as a student or learner, have my own style of making time
for my studies.
Metacognition helps me think and decide what should be done
first and what should be done next. In this section, you can construct
your own timeline or list merely to be organized. Unlike how others
perform metacognitions, it allows me to value time because there are
bundles of paper works to work on.
Throughout the discourse, I believe we have a clearer
understanding of the meaning of metacognitive knowledge and the
categories that make it up. So, out of all three types that our Professor
described, there was one that I could identify to. Metacognitive
knowledge, I understand, is knowledge or learnings that have caused
me to reflect on the cognitive process, and it is divided into three
categories: person, task, and strategy variables. The person variable
made me consider how I learn, how I study, and what my learning
capacities are. Task variables refer to how I handle my tasks and how I
manage my stress and time while doing so.
In this session, I also learned about learning and exam study
tactics. The top of my list is that I used to make my own reviewer and I
always reviewed the notes I took down; I do not only rely on other
reviewers, though I do so occasionally if necessary, since anytime I
used to write my own reviewer, my mind would recollect what I had
put in it. This lesson also showed me the differences between novice
and expert learners, thus I would classify myself as an average student
for these two. This lesson's learning objectives are to explain
metacognition in my own words and to apply metacognitive strategies
in my research, which I believe I understand and do.

Learners-Centered Psychological Principles(Lcp)

The ideas that were employed for the teaching-learning process

are what I gained from the previous discussion. These 14 concepts
describe how it aids in the teaching-learning process. Internal and
external factors affect and contribute to students' learning styles and
processes. I've learnt that internal elements such as our cognitive and
meta-cognitive processes affect and contribute to our learning process.
It could be analogous to how we respond to situations by employing
strategic thinking. The way we thought about things and established
our goals was influenced by our thinking. If we are goal-oriented and
recognize our responsibility for our own growth, we might consider
ourselves successful. As a student, I must balance the situations and
individuals that may have an impact on my situations and the way I
learn because they can have a significant impact on you no matter
what, so it is always up to you to work things out.

Review of Theories Related to the Learners' Development

What I learned from the conversation regarding the review of

theories connected to learner development is that each philosopher
has their own theory in respect to their specifications. I discovered that
Piaget believed that children's cognitive development occurs in four
stages. Kohlberg advocated that society explain and assess general
rights and propose the three degrees of moral development. More
Knowledgeable Others are critical in generating scaffolding for learners
and providing additional instructions, according to Lev Vygotsky.
Bronfenbrenner discusses the system in which a child grows up, which
has an impact on the child's learning and behavior. Sigmund Freud
emphasizes that in order to have healthy relationships with other
people, we must overcome the id, ego, and superego.
The community should be concerned, and each individual
should work together to promote and assist learners in their education.
We may identify and appraise where portion should be given focus,
especially the elements affecting the learners and their education,
using the theories above to guide us.

Individual Differences

Students' self-awareness improves as a result of diversity.

Educating us as students about other people's backgrounds and
experiences so that we can develop our own self-awareness. The
ability of learners to learn from one another has substantially
contributed to their importance in boosting learners' ability to socialize
and esteem one another, while keeping in mind that our particular
peculiarities will not impede our learning.
As future educators, it is critical that we constantly consider how we
can preserve our diversity and cultures through debates and a variety
of activities.
Learning/ Thinking Styles And Multiple Intelligences

The most important thing I've learned in this chapter is to believe

in yourself and what you're capable of. I've also noticed that each
student has a unique intellect that aids in their learning. I believe that
schools should include a variety of activities for students to express their
individuality, talents, and abilities in whatever field they choose. I
believe I was able to expose it and strengthen it through written,
primarily oral means, and I enjoy solving mathematical equations. It is
incorrect for individuals who claim they are not endowed or that they
lack any talents. Everyone is different, and we all have different types
of multiple intelligence within us; all we have to do is discover it with the
help of our professors and the people around us.

Learners With Exceptionalities

I wondered why I had plenty of flaws. Later, I learned that they

weren't flaws, but rather imperfections, because it is my body, and that
is how God created me. In this subject, I had always emphasized the
fact that, no matter where I teach in the future, I will confront a diverse
group of pupils who are all naturally creative, brilliant, and smart in their
own ways. I need to understand the value of valuing them, and as a
language instructor, I've learnt how to choose the correct terms to refer
to our learners with unique disabilities in this module. We can't refer to
them as blind, deaf, or anything else. Consider the appropriate words
to use in order to make them feel valued.
Children with exceptionalities, or children who are different from
the average of the children, may be encountered in our classes, and
they are usually those who have special educational requirements.
Children with special educational needs are individuals who have
basic needs that their parents or society have failed to address.
Cognitive or academic issues, social/emotional/behavioral difficulties,
giftedness, physical disabilities and health impairments, and sensory
impairments are some of the types of learners with exceptionalities.
There are specific impairments and disabilities listed under each of
these categories. We must recognize that the term "handicapped" is
not appropriate to use when referring to our students. The social
aspects have the capacity to aid and promote educational inclusion
by allowing and assisting our learners with exceptionalities to be
accepted and catered to their educational needs.

Behaviorisms By Watsons And Skinner

In this module, I learned that Skinner's studies with the rat taught
me that no matter what circumstances you face in life, you must look
for positive methods to overcome them, just as the rats did when they
pressed the lever to get food for themselves. We, like the rat, must be
resourceful in a variety of settings. I've learnt that there are two types of
reinforcement: negative and positive reinforcement, both of which
have repercussions that can be held accountable. In contrast to
negative reinforcement, which weakens the reaction, positive
reinforcement strengthens it. Watson's experiment with Little Albert is
one of the things I remember about him. Little Albert, a nine-month-old
infant, used to play with rats, to which he had no initial reaction, but
when he placed the rat and added the sound, he became scared.
This is because the conditioned stimulus, which is our dread, triggered
our conditioned reaction. In this module, I also discovered how we may
unlearn our fears. Actually, we won't be able to unlearn all of our
worries, but we can face them and train our minds to deal with them.

Neo Behaviorisms By Tolman And Bandura

The things that I've realized after listening to Tolman and

Bandura's neo Behaviorisms is that they've both gotten into different
discussions, with Tolman emphasizing that reinforcement isn't required
for students to learn, and Bandura emphasizing the importance of
teachers being good role models to their students. According to
Tolman, we have goals and desires in life because we are influenced
by the people around us and consciously set goals for ourselves. I've
discovered that the reason I used to remember things was because I
had previously taught myself that I didn't have to rely on the materials
provided. I need to be resourceful in order to be able to feed myself
with the knowledge I require. I've also discovered that the cognitive
map that he mentioned will assist me in figuring out what I do and
returning to it for a period of time. Now I'm going to talk about one of
my favorite proponents of social learning theory. I noticed that by
modeling, we were able to assist our kids in imitating us or using it as a
source of inspiration for themselves in learning. In Tolman's behaviorism,
he highlighted that, unlike Bandura, reinforcement is not entirely
necessary, and that individuals and culture have an impact on our
learning.
I'm always on the lookout for someone to serve as an inspiration
and motivation to keep me focused on what I'm doing.