Introduction:

According to Circuit Globe (n.d.), an AC Circuit is a circuit that is excited by an

alternating current source. Alternating current (AC) is used in both domestic and industrial
settings. The magnitude and direction of current and voltages in an alternating current circuit are
not constant; they change at regular intervals. Current and voltage are represented in an
alternating current circuit by magnitude and direction. The alternating quantity may or may not
be in phase with each other depending on the circuit's various parameters such as resistance,
inductance, and capacitance. Voltage and current are sinusoidal alternating quantities that vary
with angle sine.
This laboratory experiment will concentrate on the series RL and RC circuit in order for
students to determine the relationship between current and voltage in a series RC and RL circuit
and determine the impedance of a series RC and RL circuit. This activity will also assist
students in virtually observing series RL and RC circuits using Multisim software. This would
allow them to understand the voltage and current behavior, as well as the measurements of the
circuit.
Series R-L circuit. Majority of coils whether they are solenoids, relays or any other
similar component always exhibit a certain amount of resistance because the copper wire has a
resistive value. In such a case, the simple coil can be considered as an inductance in series with a
resistance. This may be termed as the RL Series Circuit. The circuit basically consists of an
inductor of inductance L connected in series with a resistor of resistance R. this ‘R’ is the DC
resistive value of the loops that is utilized in the preparation of the coil of the inductor.
Series R-C circuit. The potential difference across a capacitor in ac lags in phase by 90°
with the current in the circuit. Suppose, in phasor diagram, current is taken along positive x-
direction. Then, VR is also along positive x-direction, but VC is along negative y-direction
According to Circuit Globe (n.d.), Resistor-capacitor (RC) Series Circuit is a circuit that
consists of pure resistance R measured in ohms that is connected in series with a pure capacitor
of capacitance C measured in farads. Furthermore, the current that flows through the capacitor
and resistor are equal while the voltage across the resistor and capacitor are different but their
sum must be equal to the total voltage. On the other hand, the Resistor-inductor (RL) in series
circuit according to Electrical4u (2020), is an electrical circuit composed of the passive circuit
elements of a resistor (R) and an inductor (L) connected together and driven by a voltage or
current source. The concept of the voltage and current of an RL circuit is the same as in an RC
circuit. The formula used in getting the the current that flows through the circuit and voltage
across the resistor and capacitor or inductor may look the same, as shown below, but the values
needed in the formula is computed differently using different formulas such as computing for the
impedance and the reactance of inductor or capacitor.
The formula in getting the total current in RC and RL are the same where the total current
is inversely proportional to the impedance but directly proportional to the resistance.
 Resistor-Capacitor (RC) and Resistor-Inductor (RL) in AC circuits are the type of circuit
that will be analyzed and understood in this laboratory experiment. Both circuits involve
determining their voltage and current across the component that will be helpful to understand
how an RC and RL circuit works also the relationship between the components involved.

Reference:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-physics/chapter/rc-circuits/#:~:text=Key
%20Points-,In%20a%20series%20RC%20circuit%20connected%20to%20an%20AC
%20voltage,on%20the%20resistor%20and%20capacitor.
https://circuitglobe.com/what-is-rc-series-circuit.html
https://www.electrical4u.com/rl-series-circuit/
https://circuitglobe.com/what-is-an-ac-circuit.html#:~:text=The%20circuit%20that%20is
%20excited%20using%20alternating%20source,it%20changes%20at%20a%20regular
%20interval%20of%20time.