aAa08 wORD STUDY

NATCS FORM ANTONYMS

NEGATIVE PREFIXES TO
Listen and repeat.
USING
Negative preflxey
dis-
1 acceptable
4 proper improper im-
unacceptable In
un-
2 considerate disrespectful
inconsiderate 5 respectful
3 polite irrespponsible
impolite 6 responsible

D sTUDY PRACTICE Use a dictionary to find antonyms for these words. Then make
a list of other
adjectives with negative prefixes.
1 appropriate
'*'*********
5 honest
2 courteous
*****'*** '***
6 pleasant ***"****'***'**'''***.

3 excusable
**** '****** **** ''**
7 rational
4 imaginable
'***''******''.
8 mature * * * *

ACTIVATE WORD STUDY Write sentences that describe inappropriate public behavior,
Use adjectives from Exercises A and B.
Example:1s.ineensiderateto.playlovd mesiein the.ibrery:..
1
******* *
2
** ****'*** ** '***
3 ****'***'****
**'*****

4
'*********** ***** ** *'***

****'***''** ''**'*"

D PAIR wORK
Compare the
you consider the behavior
examples you wrote in exercise C. Explain why
inappropriate.

TEGRAMMAR USING POSSESSIVE GERUNDS

ACTIVITY
You can use a
possessive when gerund
you want to indicate the performer of the action.
I object to their playing loud
music late at night.
Jack's talking during the movie was
Does my daughter's annoying.
playing video games bother you?
What bothers me is his not
apologlzing for texting during class.
In informal spoken English, it is acceptable to use a
possessive, name, a
gerund phrase is the direct object innoun,
or an
but only if the object pronoun instead of a
the sentence.
object to them playing loud music late at night.
BUT Never use a name, noun, or an object pronoun if the gerund is the
Their playing music late at night is a problem. subject of the sentence. Use a possessive.
NOT Them playing music late at night is a problem.
DIGITAL
MORE
XERCISES
F UNDERSTAND THE GRAMMAR Write a check mark next
incorrect in to the
speaking or writing. Correct them. sentences that are

1 "Do you mind me eating lunch at my desk?"

2 "Your brother not saying hello to her was
3 "Kevin not
disrespectful."
agreeing to remove his shoes in my house
4 "Isn't Paula honking her car horn
was kind of inmpolite."
early in the morning
5 I don't like you inexcusable?"
answering your phone while we're
UNIT 5
eating dinner"
 GRAMMAR PRACTICE Combine the two statements, using a possessive gerund.
G
1 They allow smoking. I'm not in favor of it.
.1m.net in.faver.ef.their.allewing.smekin9.
2 He texted his friends during the concert. I didn't appreciate that.

3 They eat fast food in the car. Does your mother object to it?
*************'***

4 She's talking on her cell phone. We don't mind it. PRONUNCIATION

BOOSTER . 144
..

Unstressed syllables: vowel

it.
5 My brother didn't apologize. I'm really annoyed by reduction to /a/
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

NOW YOU CAN Politely ask someone not to do something

Read and listen.

A3:04 CONVERSATION SPOTLIGHT
Notice the spotlighted conversation strategies.
A: Do you mind my smoking here?

B: Actually, smoking kind of bothers me.

Ihope that's not a problem.

A: Not at all. I can step outside.
B: That's very considerate of you.
Thanks for asking.

RHYTHM AND INTONATION

B3:05
Listen again and repeat. Then practice
the conversation with a partner.

CNOTEPADDING Make a list of situations 3:06 Ways to soften an objection

in which you would probably ask for Ihopethat's not a problem.
permission to do something. don't mind.
Ihopeyou
I hope it's OK/ all right.
I don't mean to inconvenience you.
Your list
room

the TV in a doctors waiting

turning o n dinner with
someone

a phone call
while having
making
Your list

DONT STOP!
similar Explain why the behavior bothers you.
Create a conversation
VDEDCONVERSATION ACTIVATOR from your notepad.
Express understanding of your
a situation
DIGIJAL to the one in Exercise A, using partner's point of view.
sure to change
roles and
ER ? Be as much as youcan.
Start like this: Do you mind my Say
. . .

then partners.
 Notice
e
spotght 1mmar.
responses.
interview
SPOTLIGHT Read the
GRAMMAR

pet pee Des?

S 0 r

ofyor
What a r e sonne
I l tell you what really getstto
me
me.I neither tolerate
can
really bugs
understand people's litteringnorin
"Well, it
when people cut in line at
the theater! They should places. Do they really expect public
either arrive earlyY to clean up after them?
That's hers
inconsiderate. Eithertthey just so
for a good seat
enough
throw their garbage in a trashnould
or wait in line patiently
should hold on
Can
like everyone else does. or they to it till
Who do they think littering on the street
find one." they
cutting in line
they are?" Ken Becker
Philadelphia, USA
Jean Seyedi
San Francisco, USA

"Here's a pet peeve ot mine: I

hate it
"It really gets on my when people forget to turn
off their
nerves when people phones during a lecture or workshon
spit on the street. Not only is it distracting to the
Not only do I find
speaker but it's also annoying to the
it disgusting. but it's
audience. They should either have
also unhygienic. It's
the courtesy to turn their phones off
important to think about
public health and other to turn off
or simply leave them at home. It
realy
spitting on the sidewalk forgetting ticks me off."
people's feelings." one's phone
Nancy Shen Paulo Acosta
Shanghai, China Salvador, Brazil

BEXPRESS YOUR IDEAS Which of the examples of public behavior described in the interviews
bug you the most? With a partner, compare your opinions and explain your reasons.

DIGITAL
INDUCTIVE
ACTIVITY
CGRAMMAR PAIRED CONJUNCTIONS
Be careful!
You can connect related ideas with paired conjunctions. When joining two subjects with either or
either .. or neither, make sure the verb agrees with the
subject nearer to the verb.
Either people should smoke outside or they shouldn't smoke at all. Either the mayor or local
Phones should either be turned off or left at home. businesspeople
need to decide.
Either local businesspeople or the
neither nor needs to decide.
mayor
I would allow neither spitting nor littering.
Neither eating nor drinking is allowed in the lab.
not only.. but
Invert the subject and verb after Not only. Use a comma after GRAMMAR BOOSTER P. 135
the first clause.
Not only is It dangerous to text while driving, but it Conjunctions with so, too.
may be illegal.
Not only did they forget to turn off their neither, or not either
phones, but they also talked So, too, neither, or not eitne
during the concert short responses

DIGTAL
MORE DNOTICE THE GRAMMAR Find an example of
EXERCISES
page 51. paired conjunctions in Spotlight on
54 UNIT 5
 E GRAMMAR PRACTICE On a separate sheet of paper, combine the sentences, using the
paired conjunction with or, nor, or but (also).
1 People should speak up about what bothers them. They shoukd just learn to live with
other people's habits. (either)
2 It's rude when people talk on their phones in theaters. It's also rude when they talk
on them on buses. (not only)
3 I hate the smell of cigarette smoke. I worry about the danger to my health. (not only)
4 My uncle isn't willing to give up smoking. My grandparents aren't willing to give up

smoking. (neither)

NOW YOU CAN Complain about public conduct

sentences with
NOTEPADDING Make a of your pet peeves in public places. Then write
list of some
A some of the adjectives with negative prefixes.
paired conjunctions to express your opinion. Use

Ideas
the meal
restaurants: reading e-mail and texting during cutting in line
In
but its also very impolite. talking in theaters
Not only is it annoying,
playing loud music
honking a car horn
In restaurants: not saying "Excuse me

In storesS: Adjectives with

negative prefixes
On buses and trains: disrespectful
immature
impolite
On the street: inconsiderate

inexcusable

irresponsible
In offices: unacceptable

unpieasant

In movie theaters:

Other:

interviews, with
on-the-street one student
In group, role play
BAPPLY THE GRAMMAR a
and the Grammar Spotlight on page
54 as a guide.
the interviewer. Use your notepads

What really ticks nerves...

me off is.. 97 Here's what really gets on my

Do you want t o know

r ' l tell you what really gets to me . . .
77
what bugs me?

RECYCLE THIS LANGUAGE

IGITAL
VDEO
CDISCUssiON ACTIVATOR Discuss the
I t takes getting used to.
questions. Say as much as you can. It's a mixed blessing.
1 In your opinion, how should people business.
[They] should mind [their] own
behave in public places? Do you think [They) mean well.
it's important to speak up when people Look on the bright side.
behave inconsiderately in public?
2 Do you everthings that annoy other
do
people? Explain.
55
 urban crime
victim of
to avoid
being a

13
ways
GOAL Suggest

victims Tor criminals?

ideal
make
tourists might
think
READING
WARM-UP Why do you
advice?
Miller's
with
you agree
Read the interview. Do
siRLS B>3:08
READING

CRIME SPOIL YOUR VIS

UR VISIT
DON'T LET URBAN

Since the beginning of the century, there

has been
a And what extra precautions should touris
oris ts
areas?
steady increase in the number of foreign visitors to the toke in urban
travel writer
great cities of the world. In this interview, Miller: It goes without saying: streets that
AvoId
arenot
Hanna Miller suggests ways for visitors to avoid well-it at night. And avoid going out alone, if you can.
becoming victims of urban crime. While there's usually safety in numbers, rememberthat

tourist attractions also

attract thieves. Stay aware
You claim that tourists are particularly vulnerable happening around you-as if you had eyes in the ba
of what's
to criminal activities. Why is that? the street, avoid using a smart phone
your head. On
or guidebook- if
tablet-or fumbling With a maP Ou
Miller: Wel, for one thing, tourists are more likely need to. Be wary if a stranger asks for directions or starts
don't
than local people to be carrying large sums of money
up a conversation. He or she may be sizing you up as a
or valuables such as jewelry and electronics. They are
also out of their comfort zone, being unfamiliar with local victim. Be particularly careful in crowds at
potential
Customs or places that should be avoided. Because they re on buses or trains. Be suspicOus of any sudden disruntiStvals or
enjoying themselves, tourists are more likely than locals to Thieves are known to intentionally create a distraction so
you
let their guard down, thinking they are safe when in fact won't realize what they're actually doing. And a warning t
they are not. And let's face it: tourists stand out. They look women: Be careful if you wear a crosS-body purse. It
diferent and dress differently from the residents of the place
may ta
harder for a criminal to grab, but you could be injuredifthe
theyre visiting. purse snatcher is on a motorcycle.

What kinds of crime do ourists need to be Do people need to worry about leaving
concerned about? valuables in their hotel room?
Miller: All kinds, including violent crime, unfortunately. Miller: Good point! Don't leave valuables unprotected in
Tourists, however, are primarily targeted for theft of
your room, where a burglar might break in and take them.
the valuables they have on them and the
information Ask the front desk to keep them for
gained from passports, credit cards, and other forms you. Better safe than
of identification. Because out-of-town sorry! Finally, I should mention that, all in all, crime rates are
visitors tend to
congregate at tourist attractions, it's easier for criminals to going down worldwide, and the chances you will become
a crime victim are low.
do their work. Not only does this So don't let worrying about crime
provide the opportunity interfere with your having a
for a pickpocket to take someone's great time!
wallet unnoticed, but
it also makes it easier for a
purse-snatcher to quickly
Something and run. A mugger can follow a victim untilgrab
he
or she is alone at an ATM
machine, for example, where the
criminal can demand the victim's money and
property.
So what
precautions do you recommend?
Miller: Before you leave home, use the
about your destination so
Internet to learn
you can avoid high-crime
neighborhoods. The more you know, the
better you can
protect yourself. Photocopy your
passport
you have a list of all your credit card
and make sure
numbers. When you're
packing, choose clothes that don't make
tourist. By the way, the you stand out as a
inside pocket of a
like a good jacket may seem
place for a wallet or passport, but
target for pickpockets. You should it's a favorite
either bring pants and
jackets with zippered or buttoned pockets
a or consider
money belt. And leave
unnecessary valuables at home!buying

UNIT 5
 CLASSIFY Look for the words pickpocket, pursesnatcher, mugger, and burglar in the
reading. Then choose the kind of criminal whocommitted each crime below
1 "I was looking for souvenirs at the market when this kid grabs my bag!"

a pickpocket a purse snatcher amugger a burglar

2 "1 left my laptop in a dresser drawer under my dirty clothes, but when I got back to the hotel it was gone

a pickpocket a purse snatcher a mugger a burglar

3 "I was watching the parade when all of a sudden I realized someone had taken my passport"
a pickpocket a purse snatcher a mugger a burglar
4 We were walking on the beach, and three big guys surrounded us and demanded our wallets!"

pickpockets purse snatchers muggers burglars

D UNDERsTAND MEANING FROM CONTEXT Read each statement from the interview.
Match each underlined expression with its meaning.
. . 1 They are also out of their comfortzone. a not be careful

2 Tourists are more likely than locals to b be more noticeable than others
be good victim
lettheir guard down. c checking to see if you might a

others
3 Tourists stand out. d less risk by doing things with
4 there's usually safety in numbers. not accustomed to doing
..
e doing what they're
5 He or she may be sizing you up.

E CRITICAL THINKING Support your ideas with examples.

Discuss the questions.
1 What are some ways that tourists might let their guard down when traveling?
"look like tourist?" What would you
2 What should a visitor to your country do to not
a
DIGITAL
LLENGt
do to not look like one when you travel?

victim of urban crime

NOWYOU CAN Suggest ways to avoid becominga

A NOTEPADDING With a partner, discuss ways while riding in a car

in your own
to avoid becoming crime victim
a

town or city for each situation on the notepad.

Summarize your ideas.
while using public transportation

are a tourist
BROLE PLAY Imagine that you
visiting a new and your partner is a local.
city,
been doing while walking on the street
Tell your partner about what you've
makes suggestions
during your visit. Your partner
for how to avoid crime. Summarize your ideas on

the notepad. while staying in a hotei

short guide for

OPTIONAL WRITING Write a

city. Suggest how

visitors to your
to stay safe and
while getting cash at an ATM machine
avoid becoming a crime victim.

other
 of community

4 GOAL Discuss the meaning

ACTIVITIES
voCABULARY:
COMMUNITY SERVICE
LISTENING WARM-UP
iRATAS A309
Read and listen. Then listen again and repeat.

GETINVOLVED WITH YOUR COMMUNITY!

Search News
Community projects
Home About

BEAUTIFY
YOUR TOWN
CLEAN UP
LITTER
RAISE
Plant flowers or trees
where there aren't any
Pick up trash from parks MONEY
playgrounds, or the street.

VOLUNTEER DONATE
YOUR TIME
Work without pay in
BLOOD
Give the gift of life to someone
Mail letters, make
calls. knock on
phone
doors, or set
the fire department. a who's very sick or has been in up a table to raise money for
hospital. or a school. a serious accident. a charity or cause.

BVOCABULARY PRACTICE Would you ever consider Iwould

doing any community service activities? With a
never
consider volunteering
my time to clean up litter. I think
partner, explain what you would, or would never, do. they should pay people to do that. 77

3:10 LISTEN TO SUMMARIZE Listen to the report about the

Ice Bucket Challenge. What was it? Describe the idea in
own words.
your
Pete Frates is credited
D311 LISTEN FOR DETAILS Read the questions. Then listen
with starting the lce
again and answer them. Bucket Challenge.
1How much money did the Ice
Bucket
donating if someone didn't take the Challenge suggest
2 How much
challenge?
money was donated in just one month?
3 What percentage of the videos
posted
Facebook actually led to donations?
on
 E :12 LISTEN TO CONFIRM CONTENT The
lce Bucket Challenge. Read the list of report mentions that some
the
criticisms. people criticized
Then listen again and check
ones that are actually mentioned in the report. the
Iade people feel bad if they chose not to
participate in the
2 There are more serious problems for which people could havechallenge
3People should have paid more attention to donated money.
the cause rather than
n4 The challenge didn't raise a lot
on having fun.
of money
Dunping ice water on your head could be research
for
5
6 Some celebrities took the
dangerous.
challenge just to call attention to themselves.
dEXPRESS AND SUPPORT AN OPINION Discuss the questions,
the report and your own ideas. using information from
1 Do you think the lce Bucket Challenge was a good idea? Do you agree with the critics or
the supporters? Why?
2 Why do you think people on social media
responded so strongly to the lee Bucket Challenge?

NOW YOU CAN Discuss the meaning of community

A FRAME YOUR IDEAS With a partner, consider each

situation and discuss what you might do.
Based on your answers, how would you define the
meaning
of
There has been a terrible There has been a natural
storm, and many homes have disaster with casualties,
been destroyed. You're asked and someone needsa blood
to let a family live with you
transfusion to survive. You
until their home is fixed. have the same blood type
What would you say if they
were
and can donate your blood
to save that person's life.
What would you do if the
a. your relatives?
b. your neighbors? person were
C. your colleague's family?
a. a family member?
d. complete strangers? b. your neighbor?
C. your classmate?
d. a complete stranger?
"community"?
My first responsibility is to my
family. I can't imagine doing
this for a total stranger.
Ofcourse l'd helpa
stranger! It's the right
thing to do.
3
Developers plan to destroy a
historic tourist attraction so
they can build a new office
building. You're asked to donate
your time to write letters
and talk to your friends and
colleagues to help save it.
What would you say if the
tourist attraction were
a. in your neighborhood?
b. in another part of the city?
c. in another city in your country?
d. in another country?

in which you and your classmates could

BPAIR wORK
wORK list of ideas for community
Make
Make aa
list
projects
why you think your ideas
would be worthwhile.
possibly

CIpate. Share vour list with the class and explain

59
 WRITING Formal letters: Review

AWRITING SKILL Study the rules. WRITING MODEL

When to a friend or relative, it is acceptable

writing
to use an your address 4719 McPherson Ave
informal tone, casual language., and abbreviations. However,
when to the head of a company, a boss, or someone
date LPhiJuneladel30,phi2018a, PAA19102
1
writing
you don't know, standard formal language should be used, and Red Maple Café
708 West Pine Street
regular spelling and punctuation rules apply. Formal letters are
usually typed, not handwritten. The following salutations and Philadelphia, PA 19102 recipient's
closings are appropriate for formal letters:
address
Dear Sir or Madam:
salutation
Formal salutations Formal closings live a few
the past severalblocks trom your restaurant. For
months, I have
If you know the name: Dear Ms. Krum: Sincerely evenings there is a lot ot trash onnoticed thatin the
r

Dear Mr. Paz: Respectfully, building. Cats in the neighborhoodthe side of w

Dear Professor Lee: Best regards, garbage cans, and the trash goes turn over the
This is not only
to look everywhera
Cordially, a health hazard. unpleasant
Dear Dr. Smith:
at, but it is
alalso
If you don't know the Dear Sir or Madam: Could you please make
sure that
trash is put out, the when the
name: To whom it may Your helping keep our garbage cans are
closed?
concern: neighborhood clean and
beautiful would be greatly
appreciated.
Letters of Complaint Respectfully, closing
When writing formal letter of complaint, first state the
a
reason signature
you writing and describe the problem. Then inform
are
Olivia Krum
whomever you are writing what you would like him or her to
do about it, or what you plan to do. The
language and tone in
your message should be formal and polite.

B PRACTICE Write a salutation appropriate for a formal letter to each of these people.
1 a teacher at a university whose family name is Smith ************' ***'******* '****

2 a
company manager whose name you don't know
3 a female company manager whose
family name is Costa *** ***' *** '***'''*****
4 a male bank
manager whose family name is Takata ****** *****
5 a
physician who manages a clinic and whose family name is Grimond . ***********'* '''
****.

A
RITING C APPLY THE WRITING SKILL On
OCESS
write letter of complaint about
a
a separate sheet of paper,
State what you would like to see
a problem in your city or town. SELF-CHECK
done to fix the problem.
Remember to be polite and Did Iuse the proper salutation and closing?
appropriately formal. Are the tone and
language in my letter
appropriate for the intended
OPTIONAL WRITING
Write
Exchange letters witha partner. Did I use regular spelling and
reader?
an appropriate response to your partner's letter, as if and avoid abbreviations? punctuation
were the person to whom it
you
was addressed.
ARIEW

aarefully to each story. Infer the

3:13 Listen careful

amplete the statements with the details of the type of

criminal being
.... took his crime. described and
1A ******
. stole .. while he was
riding on a .
* * * .

2 A ***'*
from her while
.

she
3 He sawa. ********
....

running down the street was

walking with a .
* ****''*************

broke into her with a

4 A.*** ..
girl's..
******** .. .
and took her
husband's
Respond to each statement or questioniin your own way.
Vour texting during the movie kind
of bothers me"
You:
* **********

2 "Would you mind not smoking in here?"

You: . . .

3 "What bugs you about living in your town?

You: *********** ****

4 "Who does things that really get to you?"

You:
**** **. **********

Make each sentence logical by attaching a negative prefix to the adjective. Use a dictionary
if necessary. 5 When a salesperson is rude, I find it not only

1 Smoking on public buses and trains is really respectful but also annoying
exeusable. inexcusable
6 I should warn you that the air pollution
2 I believe littering and spitting on the street downtown is really pleasant.
are both responsible. 7 I think it's honest to seli souvenirs to tourists
3 People who play loud music without at higher prices than people usually pay
consideration for the people around them 3 It doesn't help when peopBe are courteous to
are exhibiting really proper behavior each other

4 Ithink it's appropriate for people to text

their friends during movies.

ombine the sentences, using paired conjunctions.

Theat:?rs shoui i ello Sinet ng e i her
Estaurants shouldn't allow smoking.
* * * ' * * * ' * * * *

banned. It should be
restricted (either
... Or)
OKIng should be
... *****
nor)
Spitting doesn't
offend me. ( n e i t i e r . .
etng doesn't offend me.

rude. (Not only but)

4 I think loud people a r e
0ud music is rude. I think .

Web Project: Urban Communities

www.english.com/summit3e

EST TAKING SKILLS

BOOSTER p. 155 61