Hydraulic Coupling

One-Way Clutch Torque Converter

The one-way clutch torque converter operates similarly to the conventional
torque converter. The impeller uses fluid to drive the turbine and the output shaft.
However, the stator is mounted on one-way clutch instead of a stationary
housing. This one-way clutch permits the stator to turn freely when torque
multiplication is not required.
A one-way clutch is also used with lockup clutch torque converters. In lockup
clutch torque converters, the one-way clutch permits the stator to turn freely
when the machine is in direct drive.

Impeller Turbine Stator Impeller Turbine Stator

The cam connects the one-way clutch to the stator and is splined to the stator.
The rollers provide the mechanical connection between the cam and hub. The
springs hold the rollers in the cam opening. The hub connects the one-way clutch
to the carrier and is splined to the carrier.
When the load is heavy and torque multiplication is necessary, the force of the oil
on the front of the stator vanes will try to turn the cam ring clockwise. This action
will cause the rollers to be clamped between the cam and the hub, locking the
stator in place. The stator will then redirect oil back to the impeller to multiply

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 Hydraulic Coupling

torque. As the speed of the impeller and turbine increase, the force of the oil
begins to strike the back of the stator vanes turning the stator counterclockwise.
When rotating in this direction, there is no clamping action and the rollers are
allowed to roll on the hub and the stator freewheels. The stator does not send oil
back to the impeller, causing the torque converter to act more like a fluid
coupling.

Benefits of the One-way Clutch

Torque multiplication occurs under heavy loads. The stator freewheels during
light loads, resulting in less heat buildup and reduced converter drag.

Wheel Tractor-Scrapers, Backhoe Loaders, Off-Highway and Articulated Trucks

are equipped with one-way clutches.

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