YJIK 821.161.2.02°06"1914/1930 BBK LI 5 (4YKP) 6-32 147 Oner Lapamusxnii. Yxpainicexnii ytypuam (1914-1930). Mepexnana anrniticbxoi Pas Txopyx. - JIpsis: Jlitonuc, 2003. - 456 c. Kenora xanancexoro niteparyposHaBua Onera LibHHUBKOTO — mpo yxpain- coat yTYpH3M — MHCTEUBKHIT NepeBopor, KH anivicHMAH M, CemenKo, I. xypyniit, ©. Caicapenxo, JI. Kyp6ac Ta iv. i sapnaKa akomy prepue sa ximexa cTopiy ykpaiviceka KyTsTypa ONMHWNaCH B aBaHTapni esponelicsKoro aprucraHoro XTTS. Za xiepatyposmapuis, MucTeuTBOsHaBUiB, KyssTyporoTi, dinocodis. Haykoeuit pedaxmop Ipwna Craponofit Pedaxmop Mupocnana Mpuxona He eudanna 3diticneno 3a pinancosoi ma excnepmuoi nidmpumxu Mixenapodnozo dondy “Bidpodxcenna” ¢ pamxax cninbxoi npozpamu 3 Lleumpom poseumxy eudaenuxoi cnpaeu Incmumymy eidxpumozo cycninvemea — Bydaneum Sponsored by the International Renaissance Foundation in the frames of joint program with the Center for Publishing Development of the Open Society Institute — Budapest Original publication data: Inytzkyj, Oleh S. Ukrainian Futurism, 1914-1930. A Histirical and Critical Study. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, distributed by Harvard University Press, 1997. © President and Fellows of Harvard College. © Pas Txopyk, yxpaiicnxunt nepexnan, 2003 © Mlitonnc, 2003 ISBN 966-7007-75-0 © Mwnafino Mocxans, npoexr o6xnamnnxn, 20033MICT YxpairicKHii dbytypusm. Tepeamona slo yxpaicskoro BHAAHHA Tlepeamosa fo aHrnificbKoro BHnaHHS Yactuna I. Icropia pyxy Posnin 1. AHatomia nitepatypHoro ckaHaany: Muxaiins Cemenxo i mxepena ykpaiticsxoro dbyrypHaMy Ckanman @yrypiam Ta KonTeKcT ykpairicbKoro MomepHisMy Monepuism versus cbytypw3M Posain 2. Tonomni pox (1914-1921) Posnin 3. Acnandyt: Acouiauis naribyrypucrip Posnin 4. AcKK: ¢byrypucra B Macax Posnin 5.Hopa rexepauia Bymepanr Kanpu Tinatopma i nporpama Tlepura metamopdo3a: BYAPKK Tlonemixa 3 pocianamu Tlonemixn 3 “npapumn” ONNY: ocranua metamopdosa Ta Kine pyxy “acruma II, Teopia pyxy Posain 6.‘TlancbytypHaM: oporoskas 18 aBaHrapay Mucteurso ak npouec Tipo nixpinauiio Mucreurea Teopia kyneri Ineonoris i cpaxtypa MW 23 2s 27 33 53 81 ll 133 140 147 oo 158 168 176 200 219 221 223 pea) 228 232Y nowy ewanavenna “Kouynicreynoi” KymTYpN Thom “Berncw Mucteura0n” Exerpysuie: Konnpowic neperonosoi 06H Oynenionanion Poms 7. Eererna inoernxa Sacra IHL, Areparypaa cresm: (rans moprocrywalsaiswincxnpeneranneris Pout 8. Noein ‘Moat Cevento (1892-1937) Teo Wxypyit (1903-1937) ‘Onexca Cricapenno (1891-1937) Oni llnon (195-1937) Poutn9.Npox Benya Teo Unypynin Onexca Cricapeno ‘urrpo Basco (1891-1937) ‘eon Cpu (1893-1929) Pouin 10. Bisyamsi excnepuwenr a noes ra nposi Brcwoncr Axe ‘Angasirent noxaxcone, epetix exopovens CCaucox inocrpauih Bs 29 4 ™ 251 261 263 263 296 33 37 a 2 333 33 40 un 383 365 281 an 450 432Vepaincexuit @ymypuan Tepednosa 00 yxpaincexozo eudanun Tloawa uiei xnwxxn 5 Ykpaini ocoGnwso panicta nonin ana mene. Konn a mican uio KHWAKY, Cnepuly AK ROKTOpCEKY aNcepTa- 10 (1979-1983), apxisn i Gi6niorexn Yxpaiu Gynu Meni, cHHOBi )ypxxyasHoro Hauionanicra”, HexocTynni, Hapirs Mix 1989-1991 po- kamu, Tomi, KON BXe BHMuUsIa MoHOTpadia, Gyno BaxKO Cobi yaRH= TH, Wo KHIDKKa niflne no yKpaiHoMoBHoro WHTaNa. Bocenu 1989 poxy # npoxus tpH 6ypxnusi Micaui 8 Yxpaini, 6yzan To Ha noniTHunHx MinAnrax, TO Mpawioroyn B 6i6rioTeKax NbBowa it Kuesa. Y Toft vac yxpaiticoxuil QyrypnaM Gye Maibxe HeaHanHM. Y xotincsxin LlerpanbHin Haykosift GiOnioteui aocTyn 20 Matepianip Bin 1920-x poxin 6ya oGMexeHH, Ta anificiiosancn TinsKH epes istti nponycxx i cneuosso7n, a KaTaior THX BNAHD, AKi AIA MeHe Gynm Hafsaxusimi, micrunnea B HeaocTynHift Meni Kimwari, Ha6a- rato ninme puraaaana cuTyauia y JTboowi, ue sananKH weapnM i bigpaxnuM npauisnnxam Haykosoi OiGniorexH im. Crecbanika Meni orpanwio 8 pyxi Tomi Gararo uinHoro Matepiay. @axr, Wo 8 KueBi ‘Toro x poxy Panna YepHiin saxncTivTa cBOWO KaNANAATEBKY ANCEP- ‘auto npo Muxaitut Ceena, a xypHan Mpanop wanpyxysas ii crarti po éyrypwaM, apap nineTasn ayMari, wo HaykoBa atMocdepa B Yepaini novana sMimosarncn. Jaa MeHe poomoBH 3 1. Yepritut, 3 Amirrpom Top6avoniim, Ta 3 iNiMHMH BNEHMMH MPO YKpAiNCDKHA ‘aBaHrapm Gy.nH CHABHHM CTHMYIOM SanepLIHTH UO Mpatto, 3a ocTAHHE Aecatupivsa 8 Yxpaini nonsinoca xinska uikasux poGit npo Mo- Zeprism, ane A foci Hemae MoHorpail, npHcBAYeHo! creuiansHo ytypHamosi. Akulo ue siaantia 3an'mxe nianor 3 yKpaiHcbKMMH KoneraMi i UMM Xe MOMAIBUIMA POSBHTOK HayKH Npo CbyTyPHIM, A Syay Bene wiacrinHM.iP asaem cOMMO - eet Megan tenaenes Cans SET Tea rereeey arene penny: Mas 5 opine sore“ Cenesxa poSor Cemenk “Kotaapa” (i M. Cimawxeniua. O6xnanHHKe, Birraopeno we eset ToMbpuITpOM", 1924). Buusy: B. pianist. age wee pepe naponil” / ynop. i pea. F. A. Hyasra- +1963, ¢. 231,POS 1 Auamonia aimepamypuozo ckandaay: Muxaine Cemenxo i dsrcepena yxpaincexozo dymypurmy B yxpaintenxifi noeaii cumumeen rapapay. 1 Bunnie oro ~ Muxaftis Cemenko. Borodunup Kopax Yepainesxuf dyrypiam acto acouitosasca 3 inentew ontoro TIMCbMeHHHKa — noera Muxaiina (Muxaiina) Cemenka (1892-1937). Hessaxaiown Ha nesHy HeTounicrs, TaKe apameHin cnupacthen Wa ‘Toit dak, Wo Bit Gys 3acHOBHUKOM pyxy i, Ha MoYarky, ftoro eaH- HMM JiTepatypHuM npeacTasHHKoM. MoxzHB0, 63 foro iniuiaTHEH Pyx He ichysas 6m Bsarani. 3nn4aiino, pin He 3’BMBCA 6 1914 poKy i He mpoictysas 64 Hactinbkn JoBro. Mix inuHM, Ha nowaTKax Ce- MeHKoBoi Kap'epit Hivoro He BiluyBaNO, Wo BiH 3MoXe cTaTH “nora- HM TOTTUHCSKOM” ykpaiticeKoro MucbMeHcTBa (/Toamopayexuil 1966, c, 194). Hasnaku, novatku foro TaopyocTH Gyn HaaTo TpanMuif- HMMM, CKPOMHHMM Ta O6a4HUMH, Muxaiins Cemenxo crynus Ha cueHy, ocBitieHy 4HTaUbKOW yBa- row, 6yayun 21-nirHim, y Keni, aK npeactasHHk MOaHHX Tomi MO- nepnictis.. Y nponiawomy Monepricrcsxomy xypHasi “YxpaiticsKa xara” (1909-1914) s'asaocb kibKa itoro Bipwis.' Horo nepwa 36ipKa “Prélude” (Kui, 1913) we eupiananace, a panue Oyna Hanwcana 8 Pycai ocHoBHHx niTepaTypHHx 3anuTi coro Yacy. \Bipwi B Hilt cTpopenti a 1910-1912 poxax ~ menavxonifini mentrauti, nepewaxno Tipo mo6on, camotHicTs, momceKi mpi # GaxaHHa. Hesaoponenicth 3eMHHM xiETTAM i MOpHB 0 AYXOBHOTO COKONO ~ NaHiBHi MOTHBH. Tloer wykae 3acnoKoeHHa y npxpoai A My3Hui. Ax sarposy Bin cnpa- fimae MicTo: “Micto ue, Bemtke i crpauHe". DopmanbHo i y TeMax * Bipusi Cenentxa “Aapywo”, “Tpix”, “Mom xnirxa” s'ronex » “Yxpainesxit vari” y N12 (1913), ¢. 757; NO2, 3, €. 167 1 357 sianoniano.ain meperynynanca 3 rant noeraMtt-MogepHicraMn, ak Oxtexcaninp Onece, Fpiusxo Yynpunxa i Mukona Bopownt, Ovesnannm Gyn raxox arava Tapaca Weavena, wapoanoi noeaii (“I munyrs avi, | iy por ao “norye 6ypa, cepue crorue"). Mpiramana Monep- ticran anGinazexicrs nepecaiaysana foro: cayxura Kpaci un Kpuini? B onowy 2 sipwia Cewenxo sananne: “A xouy 2KHTB, 2xHT- ‘oj xpaci sewixarucs”. Brin inworo pasy cioninaeruca: “Xovetsca rungs 32 pono aakyTy0": {Hasire nani wHTAEMO: “TmXKO B HeBOni isan". “Prdude” sauixasns Tpbox nposianux nitepatypHHx oci6, Ki sicryruan xpuraxantn ~ noetia Bopoworo, Uynpunky Ta Cpi6aan- csxoro, sitoworo Gixawe ak xpHTHK (nceBdonim MuxittH Larosa 1, 1882-1932). fo wnx tpbox Boponwh, axwit 1901 poxy pimyye aanyenie NoaepwicteaknA excnepHMeHT B YxpaincuKift niteparypi acu nporpawosnm nucranH Ta 2BepHenHaMM 0 TlocainoBHUKia, 6p ocoGimeso cxermisnun. Moet ne Mir BHpiIMTH, WH HasBaTH Ceweina rexismunn noerow, +H “BipoMasom” (Boponuit 1913). ‘Bin now’ auye cai ris, nawaraounce anecTu mpopaxyHikn “Prélude” soxainwocra wancrapannoro novarkiaus. CpiGnnncxni Ta YynpHn- ‘ansroxicrs Ginsu repr Ocranmif nucas: “[xxotra “Prélude”|* ‘maa, ae pona coiruirs npo Seanepesiuft nireparypHHit XHCT, Ta {cr neamwosast, HeBHpoSneNHA. OxesnAHo, oGponit CemeHKo oer wozonH ine s'AcyBaB cO6i, wo nocain sMMarae KoNOCAITBHO! ‘pai. Baravo» Horo nowwioK; HerapMoHNHUX 3BopoTiB, pyCHSMiB, ane cers y foro ft aiicua nipuxa, anys oGpaaM, aificHe noeTHuHE ‘y7” (Yynpunca 1913a, c. 381){Cnonom, CeMeHko crap MO2KHOI, str niabuopiosann, CiGnmcs¥Gil o6pas cxOxy TaKTHKY, 3a3Havato- ‘my, Wo we anno 6 TpoxH Gime widysanHa — i enki Bipusi ¥ “Prtude” worm 6 cram cnpassciinn “Gpiniantramn” ( CpiGanncexult 1913e). Orme, » tof vac, ax cama nionpa CemeHKa-MogepHicTa He panioa, nee Xx foro noeTIsHNA noTenuian Gyno BMsHaHO. Mix ina, npx noni wacryninx 36ipox eayuHicT® TaKoT OUiHKH 6yste sanepesea uinkou. To xinus 1913 pry Muxafino Cemenko i asa xynoxnunxyt: Manno Konya (1896-1939) ra Gpat Muxafina Bacuns (saruitye 1915 poxy) ~ oB'eanatvca, craopuBLIK nepuly yKpalncexy yrypucTHuny TPY- ry. Yei Tpoe npuGpann excuenmpirwni imena (Muxafine, Bann, * Kaxaparinn zyanaun nosnavaewo BTpyweNnA y TexcT opurinany peaaKTops 60 x artopa iurn, spuonsene norpeGoo yaronTH rpaMarni opMa 72 ORCHITH ponyueN WRENN pevenus, cxopoxeHNa Tow (FIpAM. PED.)Anamomin simepamypnozo ckanday n Magn) i saxnanw apyxaptio “Kaepo" (3 narHHcexoi, quaero ~ “no- ‘cnimyeaTH, wykaTH"), nxa 1914 poxy Hanpyxysana ani HeneaHyK: xwinent CeMelka, y TAKA crioci6 o*iuifHo npencrasnBuin yKpa- incbKHA QyTYPHSM i saKTaBUIH OcHonY 1A GesnpeueneHTHOTO CKAH- any B YkpaincsKomy nucbMencrai (Cebro /Cenenxo] 1922, c. 40). Ckandaa Bist su6yxitys y 20ToMy, 3 MoRBO!O BoCKMHCTOpINKOROT KHIDKKH “Jlepsanna”. Hessossi, y' Gepeani, sufine apykom “Keepo-oy- ‘Typism”,* nwaiounce cBoiMM azamureMa YorHpMa cropinxamn (Ce- _nenxo 19140). O6asi 36ipxHt cKOMNOHOBAHO Tak, UlO6H sapnaTH He- ‘ulanHoro Yaapy no MozepHicTeKiA posuyneHocti, aka Toni nanyBa- sna, 3aMicTS TOTO, Wo6 GyrH TAHGOKO iHTpOCTeKTHBHAMH, BOHH By ppaticHo excrpanepriti, samicTo MpifinMBHx noeTH¥HHx pazkiB ~ mpo- aaiani A HenpHcTOMHi; saMicTe Toro, Wo6 rosopHTH po sivni icrH- Hi, BOHM cKepoByBaii 0 woneMHoro fl GanamsHoro. Ha uMx cTo- pirikax Cemenko Bian Biatafiaeny snarnicrs ipowisysary Ta Keri~ xypari 3 ceGe ("B Moim xatTTi Hemae awicty”), aka TineKW novacTH ToM’aKurysana foro BlaBaHHA eroiaM, ax ip HIKKYE NOTAHOMY Bipti, Ze Bint BIMKDHTO “GopeTsCA” 3 MUTUAMH, WO HanHXanH foro: Ie wvcxve noxronues! Ie xnanaficb, Knanafich Bown anoyrxn aci sapaa To6i manu ~ Lfrops, i Bansmowr, i Binwf, i Yypnanic — Bei xopow, i perensio Tax, ryzH: Cemenixo ~ xnanaftcs, manatee! = Hi, we exanocs. (Tipirncnyrut”; Cenenxo 1925a, c. 76)? KM BHCTARIANH Hanioxas is-nlocepen inuuHx peKisHTiB aBan- rapanoi dbopmu xxMepHHA siyMatHAt Bipuy is panKaMn “BH ¢ TiK/ ni x/ ayn” j apyftvonannMn crosonionitamH, 8 AKOMY eRKi NeKceMH ‘anit B OKpeMM PAIIOK niTep. * Tyr i nanani norpunyeMoes Hanncanus Maany, ax y casoro CemenKa. 2 Bip zaTonanuf 1 xairux 1914 poxy; pasow in iMUHNN, HaRHEAHHM TOrO x. oxy, snepive apyKosann we 8 “Jlepaaini” wn “Keepo- Aun. “B ereny” (Cemeno 1914), nsaro 3 xanra Cewena (19258, ¢. 79).* Yapainceswue wrens Pare Avo, wo Tak ipwi MaNH MaMip OpaatiTH ACHKY nyGAiKy, yo ania 20 conoakosty"HOCTH Ta niaNeceHoro TONY MONEPHisMy. On. ax wim THK we poankeTHNO WTTaNiB, AK NepenMOBH, RKi npeacren, ni ui ana muni. OcoGni0 3yxbanHN 6ys Manidect Cenennca » “Tepoanni, mo wan saron080K “CaM” “En my, sonosive, capa croa! Ta exyxafl xe — TH, ayzonnA tswou! # xotycxaxaT" o6i aeKinbka czis npo MHcTELTBO fi po ‘eo 20 niorocToeyeTeea, ~ Tim AeKinbKa cnin. Hemae Hivo- ro sumworo, x poswontsrit 3 Took NpO MiLCTEMTBO, HonoRive. £1 ‘epyee pyran 38 Gok perowyes. H nec Tpentyy Bi eutixy — ‘wa Tei synoBHR, YonORi¥e! ON, Ta 3 TOGOW x neKemBMO Bece- 10. AX, 3 TOGO cTPALUEHHO TOCKDO /../ 8 HE XOMY 2 TOBOIO roropra, Th niaHocn Meni sacwansutbosawioro *Ko63apa’ f xa- {xeU: o¢b Moe wotcTeuTB0, HaoBive, Medi 38 TeGe copowto... TH avon sexi saeroveni nicTetbKi “ine, A MeHe KaMyaHT, Moronve. Mitcreura0 ¢ woes Tax, to Tobi i He cHiLTOCK. fl xO To6ickaaai, lo ae € xynbT, ane HeMae MHCTEMUTBA, A NepenoBcin ono ne Goirce nanan. Hasmaxat. B Hananax ROMO rapryeTéca, ‘Ari aromics 2 ceoro‘KoBxapa, sit soTO TaHe ABOTTEM i ca- 40M, i Aywaet loro saxveTITe TooR NowaHa, TlowaHa TaOA oro Gua. A wewae Rouy socxpecins. X10 HiIM saxOTUMOCTECR TE- rep? Hoos npinimisintf. fxpaa sponi Te6e, oKasHHKOM AKO- ‘oe Pana’. Yonosve. ac Tirana nepeseprac m HixvemHoro ainitTy- Ta, iwicue Weaver santcxax wayxosix TosapHcTs. Moxa uw 3 naw, steTocu Ha aeceTpivs. Hl He MPHAMAK) TaKOTO MH- ‘reumaa. kx Moxy warysar Tene Lllesseika, KoAN R Gay, Wo ‘in € ia Monat vorasn? $1 He Moxy, aK TH, Ha: nporASi Mica ‘Drryaant 3 cee 2H oWAHN nO Toro, xTD, GyAYAH cyHACKHM ‘wnnitKoM, € 3'xBHINeM raMGoKo BinpaxnHBHM. YonoBive. £1 xo¥y ‘o6i cxazaT4, wo 8 ci hi, Koa m OTCE MHL, FHAKO BIRTH B PYKH awy saconncs, xu # oTce TOGi He cKaxaB, wo ayMarO, TO A 6 sazyunien 8 arwocepirauoro‘utnporo” yxpaincsxoro MHCTEL- ‘aa fl Gaxaofiomy cuepra. Taki oi sine cena.‘ Orce wce, to maunocs ain Wepvenka, Ane He MOXY fl YHHKHYTH CbOFO cameysanns nano cif "Ko6zap"™? He Taka piaka, ane nactinsxn x nposoxaTHeHa repenMoBd 2'apwracs » "Kacpo-pyrypiami”, xe Ceweniko posBiBae Teopilo Mi- ‘creursa, 3acHopaHoro Ha itei Biv nowyxie i aMin: "/.../ piacyTHicTb: ‘TpHBanoro B MucreuTBI - ce noctynaTH KBepo-ytypisma. /.../ B ¥ 1914 poui yrpain sizsnaxnunn cory pismo ain nix Hapommertns Tapaca eaves. 5 Opurivan wor sa: Cowon (1914, c. 272-73). Mon unrara apiatu.Anamomia simepamypuoeo ckandaay » MuctetTsi uinxom He wikane nce attaflaene ft nepexte /../" (Ce- nenxo 1914b, c. 1-2). Alani » maniihecti sid noctanus aires xBo- po6H ykpaiticoxoro miteTeuTBa i sanpononynan nporpaMy Horo siapoxenna, Ute pas aitt sacyaure narpispxansuicts, sitaiown cy- actions: “Baxacwo WTyHINM pyxXOM HaGrHDHTH Maule MMCTEUTBO 10 THX pani, He y BCeCBITELKHM MHCTEUTRI NONHMAC CR HORA Epa. Kon witcreur80 nosMiHo fTH npHHaRMHi RopyY XKHTTR, BOHO ‘Ane sapas mosan foro, a wawle yxP. MHCTeNTBO € Ha TiOxOpHiM la6ai nowxopyrus A paGcexoninnernocru, KH He muNpaD- aye camoi cei nase. /../ {Mucteurao] we woxe GyrH wi yKpa- THeKHM, Mi mKHM Mi B cin MpencTanneMH. O2HaXH Hao Hanbworo © MucTeUTB; ~ oaHaKH foro mpHMirHaHocrH, Keepo- “yTypweTINHe wHcTeUTBO MycHTs 6yrHt HiRBOM BceMoacEKOTO OWYTTa, A TOHKHA urap Hauionansnoro MHCTEUTHO RXe nepeBy- 0. /./ Lo tpytypisma mucTeuTB0 Gyno auKyHcexuM. Keepo-by- ‘Typism mae Romy uuuex, eauMO MOXAMBH, i CHM AMEN MHL BcTYMAEMO B LINKOM HMMA cBir, Ae He MOXEMO IE TONyBATH cee, ax noma, B cBOIx yxpalHicbKHX i WHUMX xaTaX. LLINHE Te, WO saransHosHawnme, ft n0 choro cTpeMMTb YonORIvA ayX. Te CBOE, “pinwe’ (wo spoSitno RB Haul ac OrwANHEHM), wo nOTpIGHE Gyne ana caMoBHaraveHHa 2araMHOMONCHKOTO, BHABHTE CR (HE ‘ypGyftrecs!) camocoGofine, xova 6 Mu HapounTocBiZoMO ranb- DMyBann wo crixio. Sxio Bota Byne noTpiGHOW i HeoGxiaHow — ainyre cn if wine, ane we 6yzewo A nigenmuarH ca, Go MH Me nixemo Toni aani nonysapworo Mucteursa, Hauionansny n06y » Mucreurai (anacie m TeHAeHUI 20 MaMcTeUTBa) MM axe nepesyaH fA xapaxrep waworo TewrepaMeNTy Tax aHABMTS ce6e B TIA Mp, CCKUIBKH ce Gyne noTpiGHun. Has TpeGa ZorwaTH ceoroaMiuiiA ‘newb. Tomy nmoexyewo. B cist wauia Koncexsewriticrs. Xaf Hau GareKH (IO He AAN Ham MivOro B cNAAUINY), BTILIAIOTS CH ‘piatne’ saicteNrTooM, aoxuBaIONH 3 HNM BEY; Mit, MORO, ‘We nogaMo ia pyxx, Joransfiuo croroawiwnin news!” (Tam camo, 6.2.3). Binryx na ui sagan Gym yxpal Herarmmnin. Tasers we 6pan pe- endif, entrapui siaMonnanncs a6epirarn Cemenkosi mvxastia. Ox xpimiax nitcaa, wo Cemenxa ex sixysars, pin “crap npoxaxcntn” (B. Caovenxo i918a, c. 28), inusntt, mo “nexro ai uuzpiex ypainuis habirs noxnananea ‘nobiTH Cemerxoni mopay” (Bozaysxuii 1923, €. 35). Chpapxne x ubxyeanis rovanocs, Kom xxypian *Yicpail- coxa xara", wlo Jo Wboro apyrysap CeMenKosi sipusi (ocranniA y Moromy 1914), noaae 281 inki crarti “Suprema lex” (Cewan 19140)» Yepainceru gymypusm (1914-1930) re “Enon npo OynpIaM” (Cpidsancexui 1914),* apropamnt axux nu sizoui Monoai xpvrincn Muxona Cowan (nceBaonim Muxony ‘Genomes (1889-1919)) i M. CpiGnancexw. “Binbut ranexoi, ne- omyenovoi sparc, nia norasaOM WaBis HafeneMeHTapHiuto’ evi- a x xpitwsnl enon’ CpiGancexoro npo dytypH3M (‘Yepain- coca xoma’ 1914p. 4-5) TyaHo cOGi yaBitrn”, — HANMWe OnMH is pi wepea vorupn porut (. Caewenko 19182, c. 28). ‘Enuan i CpiGamncsxnilcraswance 0 CemeHKa 3 HenpHXOBaHHM peompereow, O61iza Waaweani floro “iaioToM”, Bipllt xapaxrepi- syeanh ex “aiornvny xankanKy”. Esula niopistiosay Cemexxosi ‘oe eopt 3 moBaNKAM cMHHOW B Ovi wuTTaNeRBI (Cowan 1914b, 6. 72) i auesaxas inrenienta B HBOMY, OCKiNEKH BIH, “HE BHTBO- ‘sun caN wigoro, cwieTscR 3 pin! MoBH, HapouHoi My3HKH, o- Cai, aireperypu” (Taw cauo,c. 274). CpiGnanicexnlt oronocus TBOpH Cevena “GannminwoM ~ He niteparypoto” i xapaktepH3yBap Roro nuns Tax: “oBwexenaTaMa seyxiB nerenepata” Tam camo, c. 464) “Sains 2epaai poSur aepaocri”, ~ postaymayus BiH 3arono- tox “eps” (OcoSnn0 ocyaHuM, Ha AYMKY O60x KPHTHKiB, GyB swenaiinil TOR, y skoMy CeMeHKo rosopitrs po Tapaca Les- ‘vec, vafioHaukiworo yxpainesxoro noeta. Mpasm Ha KUsTANT [Weave] e nin oi Horamn” ra “Sl namo mil ‘Ko6sap™ pisxo sacyprynanics”TTporect por Uessenka — afiGinsuia HeMLMpiCTD Jos ~ Kpwa CpiGnawesxnh, ~ /.../ nanenHe ‘KoGsapa’ — He coiswicrsGopus, a xancrao xapunsa, nepsaHHia ~ Ue Rep30cTH Ta epsocrt~ un Garaxew zaneKo He nize. JHomMHa He 3 KHEKa~ 104,23 "bowxo1™ (Taw camo, c. 464). Fis CpiGnaiicbKoro carHye plu usOMy MaeHOMy Kanai: ‘Een G0 anor onixosano neearava poxawn nian (Cpidaencoxu 1924) ‘pauypracnpranninnonaypeuevail Onexcu Caicapenxa, navoai ytypHCTa, ‘yh sana “ix capa saya, wo erpania Haaiio awiTH sami, nepesITye ap bonnes, Taxi Cpi6amncuoAh Timnerses i cBoix eraTefl AKHM YE ‘sehen saiien wnvyaa", Dn: Yepeonu uaex 11-12 (1924), €. 306-307. Cignneoortwanvea ine swyno wen capxacTusny peueHaite Ha "Kuepo- ‘dyin ipavcaraxame 6 (1914), c. 471), "Sogou cave ue anexr wanibecry Cee aranyaariertcn waftxe y KOXMIA ‘cari crop we omnis xinsxor saramstoninowix ¢paxrie npo Cemenka ft ‘ory. Teepaxcis Meonina Honwvenea cayanrs y usomy wienaaey NPH- mow: “le au fos gyrypct M. Ceweniko, RKHA 8 onNioMy 2 nipusiB 3 van. cnanntn "Kofuap'Weavenxa” (Anmatcea.. : ¥4 m, 198, 3, c. 8)Anamonin aimepamypnozo cxandary x “Moxwa 6 i Me sanamonatues (9 Haroan 6yzywol nocaii), ane pit ' Tint, wo TaKMA.co6i noBpoaifi CeMeriko € ciMon yepaiNesKo aificnoctn. Bim npotectye npotx Toro, 14 Wo & XOOMY He NO= canst, ~ Bin THMOBHA yxpaineus: He aHaC yxpAiNceKOT MOBH, DSOVRae BH TK,! BHUAIOW Ue 3H ByAyYY Mon, itt citnon yxpai {caKOTO ponknany i uNtiaMy, npoayir oToro narpioTHTANOrO XaM- (cfma, uo xanacraca a sci Hafwowitui Ao3yHnM, He aHaioan smicTy, oGmauye i snosir ix, cywersca 20 mac KyAaKANN, a crPARA = 3 oronenov ayiies 4onoBivox, 3 BNTANEHNM cTeTOM, He ERX ‘TaK posTuxani inioTHaMH BH TK XK X.. BM poaywie, tho OTe “B ccreny’ — 10 y floro 9 yi, mx y Toro GRaRHoxBicHoro anap ApTucta, mo xBanABcR CHOW CBOET YAM, KAXYYH, WO MamIO€ xiamar ne 3 HaTypH, a3 ronoeK” (Tam camo, c. 464), CeMenko mocrapas nia nepom Cpi6naHesKoro repuioo6pasom xaocy, NpoTHexxicrio sctoro NpupoaHoro, Bonemo6Horo i npexpac- Horo. Tupaaa saBepulmnacr BHCTOROM Halli, wo A06po MycHTE ne- PeMorTH Taxe sno. Bararo sanosmyyioys 3 MonepHicTcRKoro penep- ‘Tyapy o6pasHocTu, CpiGnancsxuil noprperye atachi ineanH TaK: “Bynyva Mosa ~ Moa siniix mone, a He o6MexcHa Tawa aerenepara. Cranbre bizbNMMH mombMm, y Bac Byae Bini, My- aw4Ma, eARCTHMHA MOBA, ulO 3BY¥—THME ciMouieD apinNiEx anyxia, Ta wosa, uo Gnuuaruae i ropiruve 8 ovax, nawaTHMe paciovo xecTHKyARUiew PYKH, KBMMIOBETHME B posKoUAx Balle ‘Tino. Byayva mosa — Kpaca, Byayve ura ~ Kpaca. Ta mot lo mywaTawe 3 yer ninbuNx moaeR, a He of cyacHtx 3yxBaNHx ‘onipsuronos, weamafixin, auxapis B XOBTHX WepeBHKaX i cTOB- Gosnx Komipiunx./../ Ane Binsni moan we GyayrTs zanepHKysaTo MeryWNTHch, NaAHTH KHDOKKH, He GyAYTE BHCONOMMOBATH 3H a, CTORUM Ha poakapavennx TensuHx Hixxax... Toai Gyne cr0- ‘aTH TMuIe THUIMMA TloBHa CoNAMIMOrO cafiBa, AMKANNA KBITOK, MyQKH GeaMOBHHX ipuis, xpacn nepexpeueMa ® nosiTpi mpominis /.../" (Tam camo, c. 464-65), Oco6.nitz0 npHxMeTHO, wo He Gyo WyTH xoMHOTO ToTOCY, AKHit binpisuance 6x sia nornanis Csuiana i CpiGamucbKoro. Ha anacnnft ‘aaxHcT aMyUleHHMit 6yB cTaTH caM CeMeHKo, iB Noesii, uo 3'aBHracA APYKOM (3ayBaxMO, £10 pevi, Ge3 foro BinoMa) TiNBKH 3a KinsKa poKis. nmin TorovacnHA aianor is onoMeHTaMH Gyno BMiwieNo y “Kae- po-byrypiami". Bria, 25axka04H Ha Te, ilo Ue cTanoca HanepenoaHi ‘cnosecHoro napoKcusMy 8 “Yxpailicbxif xari", 6aynmo Ginbive nail- * Harax na Cewenxony nocaio “B tery”xan sarouax Cenenka, Hix aificHoro HaMarania Bianosicry, po-dyrypis” Mictus Bipul, aKHit rnysysan is MuKonH Bopotony (°K apyy crixorsopuo”; Cenento 1914b, 18), i KopoTKy npenoy pwvinyy (“Pro domo sva”), wo Mana KinbKa capKaCTiTiH sag, xen: Omay 2 nix cnpamosaio npoti couian-neMoKpatil xypHan “Zain” (Kup, 1913-1914), ae, ak iB “Ykpaittcexift xari", nybniy. aaroca Sararo niicbMeHHiKis-MoepHicris., CeMeHKo 3B¢prascs ao two “wapxcictio” (Tax biti Ha3HBaB ix), MepeKOHYIONH He BTPYYaTHGy Y NHCTEMTBO, OCKINEKH BOHH 3HAIOTS MEHIe MPO HEOTO, Hix Kopo. 4a, ska Tonve xsirH. \Brim, Bint 36epir npaBo MuTuiB KopHcrary 1 mapKciauy Ha Tif nincTasi, mo BOHH GynH OcoGHCTOCTAMH BOLD. ‘ac “MnGunMn fl intenirenTHiaWHMH”; IMUM syGeub, cnpaNosa- Ho Ha Muxomy Canoncexoro, nonyaapHoro pexucepa yKpailichkoro eriorpapisnoro tearpy. Bpaxoayioun yenix Catoncsxoro cepen ce- 14H B YwaHi, CeweHko pants HloMy 3aTHULaTHCA B UbOMy oTOYeHHi, ockinsxat 8 Kuesi loro apTuct# pobnarh spaxcnin “AK[Hxock] 06- ‘mxnan{so] # Heutacn{x]” (Cemenko 1914b, c. 4). Ulle Bir nporony- ‘an ynaBavo-lnMpy xapaktepHCTHKy anacHoro “JlepsaHHA”: “/../ por Boxoro 1914, 8 despani micaui, Yxpaitia snepuse BMaBHIa TOA cKap6, ‘mcxh non 8 co6i HocHTs”. BinMona KHHrapis 6paTH Ha nponax foro Repay GyrypHCTHNHY KHIOKKY BHKMHKasIa TaKi B’LNHBO-naTeTHSH paar: “Chapa, Vepaino! fle ram nponactu 3 Takum cHHaMn! Tpanty ‘kasas Garexo Tapac: ‘aula AyMKa, Hala CnaBa — He BMpe, He 3aft- we’, SHAK TaM.” Woxo CpiénancsKoro, To HaliIOUIKybHiMOIO KOHTpATAKOW CTA pu, koro Cemenko HanHcan ax 11 aunts 1914 poxy (a ony6sixy- ‘ap 3Ha8Ho nisnimue): Al sincynas co6i HactpiAi Touran craro CpiGnacexoro axe rapwo ai npo inwnx mine ‘Yyranoa x npo cebe — posapysance. Tai smaraTuca He sapr 3 nioaHHow Wo Banowtou sincypana co6i cwaK 1 usoro noGparin cyan TpeSa i we Tpeba THve. ‘Ax Gesmanifina pobota — Bin cpiGnsHckKHX YOrock cnogisaTHcs, Byay vexars, noxu sik nonaswreca 3a o6i20M (*Tlpnxpan cran”; Cenenko 1925a, ¢. 112) ‘epes TpH poxn, Konw Cemenko nmumeca y Baanupocroui Col eaaate aaa ee aaa eMAnamonin simepamypnozo exandaay 3 arom, Bit TaKOX cnpaMye nependixauiie Kano Ha Oxeca, Bopo- oro i Uynpunxy. ymypusm ma xonmexcm yxpaincekozo modepniamy SIurepatypibie cxanaanu 3aKoHOMepHO conpopoxaaior meparypHbie pevomounn. J0pit Tunsnoe Besnpuerpacha ouinka nokaxe, io B niacywKy inweKTHBH pox kpiTnxip s8onaTscA 20 TPLOX OcHOBHMX apryMeHTin. Tlepumnil ia HHX eteepaxye, wo ytypitaM ~ npeactanneHmit CemenKom — He 6yB AitepaTypoio, a HMOCE Ha KUITaNT MosHOTO MackyacTBa, IO 3arpo- 2xye caMomy icHyBannwo ykpaiticexoi siTepatypit ta Monit: 3nincn Haxsten,, wo pyx ys “po360eM”, “iniotcTBOM” i “posnanouleHiam” yxpallicbxoro cropa. JIpyrufi aprywent npiinyckae, uo, Hanaaiown ba Ulepvenxa i siakwuiaiown “nattionansie” mucteuTo0, Cemextko niapypac wock Ginbute, ix niicbMeHCTBO, 3arpoxye yxpaiHcbKiA uionanbHocti. CpiGnancoKuit siaxpHTo MaTaxas Ha apany it nigeryniticTs pyxy, sapaxonyiown CemeHxa 20 onvioro ta6opy is ocificsxumn MoHapxictawm Ta wosinictamn (CpiGarncoxui 1914, . 459). Besnepesto, crpasi Ceenka noripuimavica Yepes peaxuti- ny nonituxy ypay Pocii. Hanepenouni dyrypwicranoro ne61Ty Ce- Menxa pocificsxa anata sa6oponnia canTkyBaTH cTOpiNNa Bin AKA Hapomxentia Tapaca Lllesenxa, wo cnpH¥MHUTO BemAKe OBypeHHA 8 Yxpaini, 3a TaKHx npuxpix o6crasnH yaap CeMerixa 0 “Hautio- NanbHomy” NpMHUKTY B MiCTeNTBI fl cHMBORNHE cnaneHHA Lles- senkonoro “Ko6sapa” — Gyn xectawi, Ha ski Tomi YeKaTH ane~ xsatHoro siaryxy. I CpiGasnicexnit pato noroane: “/../ cnanwin Nloprper Ilesvenka Ha Bynnui ‘asyrnapui’, a CeMeHKo cians *Ko6- apa” (Tam camo, c. 457). ‘Tpera ninia aprymentis nopyunna nurania oparinansHoctH Ce- Mena, CpiGnaHcexuf niftuios ax no aBitHynavenia y “rzariari” (Tam ‘camo, c. 457, 458), Hasusaioyn Horo nipuli “waKpaneHumn raHipKa- on™, GeapapTuics axux Gyna syMonsena ixHiM noxomKeHHAM 3 Pocil *2um., wanpwenag, sipusi “Bins Bononueupa” i “Tlapuxaeaxep” (Cenenko 19258, ©. 77, 208),“Toarerice ki Gopo BiMBacTacA B Pocii BomKA HORA moncaxg syns 9H MENPAM:expiD»ROHO BHITHTE, MAMHAHEHE, AMBHXHye™ (Ta cau, 46-462) Aci MockoBcexa yxpainuuusna” (Tam cano, 46), wipryaania wea 20 wsoro, >ytTypHIM CeMetika He MaB wiciy sa apreimewoMy ypaincaxouy xyAbTYpHOMY poweci.'® ‘Hawipynepeosi aycwuna, cnpawosaHi Ha Te, 26H BuKpuTH gy. "yplon ax syxoneway HeSeanexy » yxpainieoKift KYAbTYpi, BHTanna. | Rewo I)NERHO, AKO 3BAXKITH Ha Te, WO KPHTHKH Gynn Ha. crim eryponaninonvow Cemexxa, mo reTb He TOMiTHINH Baro. ui yepaivenoi wornsa nocranns uboro pyxy. BoRH He poarteniny ToFo, to cave SOKH Ta KHIR XypHAN ~ y MeBHOMY ceHCi ~ Gynx ‘crunynan i nepeasicnnkaMnt OcHOBHUX YTYPHCTHUHHX inet ‘ik un Hesa6apow noGavHMo, cMPHANATTS YTYPHIMY AK HaLtio- ati arpoonopkicrosavesino Ginsu cbyntaMessrasibHth axt ~ a cave, mo arache yxpaincexe intemextyaiibHe i MUCTeUBKe oTO- sen saaaro rimaypisox ana gyryputamy.) Ha npotieary Tomy, y tuo ipaan ChiGnancoinh Ta swan, sranka npo pocificsKMA sane nin wacron iuneparopesxoro asaHrapaHoro posKeity B Ykpaiti — so i gopewa sx Tewa oGrosopeHHs, TO He O60B'R3KOBO OBOLHTD, uo och 6B BHSHavANSHHM YHHHHKOM cepen cbinocodcoxix, covisro i nieparypinax cramynin, aki Hamuxann CemenKa Bocrai poxx XIX cropivua yxpaiichxa niteparypa saificnioga- ‘a ceoinepui npoGi, ane nesBopoTai KPOKH Ha MLIAXY, to ApaMa- ‘rawo swine i a incTaTyiO i sk MutcreUtTBO."" Le 6 sac spocrani® Hauiowansoi caMocBinoMocr#t (Habits vauowarisu), Kona zybKa po ykpallicsKy sirepatypy spamxyBana ‘parvenws 6yTH sHpoGeHo1 anebineworo 3 ypaxyRaHHAM OCHOBH suatvoesponeicxnx py (a ne innepesko-pocificeKux). Mpore "Wi ppeonuon oxann nish panswcaxoox ra emirpanrTeskx poGorax. ‘Momvana J, Pyasxo, paaancaxull xpHTHK, MiicaB, wo “no Toro x yci KMEPOYTY- lene ona Ceveina Gy asaicinaxan wonnixaniean pociAChKOr ‘mag (97, c 18). A wa 3avoai eps (IMleemaos] crbepsoxysa ae yp a eesti saparepHacaayeahnn YAO, FOI ‘no pctewoe an, ne crbopna axoich uxonn (1955, c. 262). iB. TaXOX: pa (95,0) Tabor pan nanocics rnoen porn we) Tengen sock peal yepincwxoro QyrypHaKy 0 pociResKoro “‘snaMay”. BOpMe el 1920 poxy nasas: oe BIIMBAMH Ta “cenepartinunicn, ewe cent Cena: ht sun pi sem ce ani np | "tt ponies ake 9 wor mann ae yey) 19911019928 Toya ox thay Brave 9 ew aAuamonia aimepamypuoeo ckandaay 35 nonynicreoxi, peanictnuti A etHorpadiani opiewrauii sannwannen MiHHMH, i CaMe HoBE NOKOTINHA MHCEMEMHHKia NO¥ATO pOsIHp: Twos 3a Ginbul "yHisepcansHHMn” ropiaoHTaMM, 3 TlosBO! nep- tix noeriB-Monepiticria, a cae Muon Bopoworo i zaxiaHoykpaitt- boi "Monozoi Myst”, nanan Ha Tpaniuito, oco6mnso Ha "yTH- * atirapny” i aysbxoo6mexeny “natpiotuuny” aiteparypy, nowacti- ian. Haronoc Ha nosHrHBicrt4nif i npocsirnTensceKo-BiXOBHiA ‘bynxuii, ski npuinucynaan aitepatypi nonepenni noxoninHs, 10- ‘Nab WITOBXATIt 20 YCBLTOMTEHHA, INO MUCTENTBO ~ pOmHOHAC UiNHicTS ‘a incTiMtyuia, napta Toro, 1064 poseusatw i 9a Ti RNaCHHMH 3aKO- Hawn MucTeltTBO, axe pantimie neKarocs Bo in’s “Hapony”, Boe Ginsue i Ginbiue crasazo BHHATKOBOW LapHHOIO HeBeAHKorO Kacy cayxnrenis (ittenirenuii), io Tenep susnavanx caow couianny Micito ax TopeHtin cnpaBxtisoi HattiowansHoi ineTITyUii ~ Hauio- HanbHOTO, ane yitipepcansoro MuCTeUITBA, KE MOTO G ypeurTi- peuiT aMaraTHen 3 Hafixpautnen sno6yrkamn Enponn. Take cran- Jena HaCTiNBKH Bpaxaro HapoaHHKis-peanictip, a came InaHa ‘@panixa, Cepria Edpemona, Inara Hewys-Jlesnuskoro, wo npH3- ‘eno 20 HaftrocTpilIMx aitepaTypHHx aNCKycifi, 1oci He 3HaHHX B yxpaincbKifi aireparypi. Xova yxpainchxnft Monepyiam we Aocar enponeficnxoro 4H pocificsxoro pisHis “ecteTHamy” 4M “meKanaHt~ cy”, HORE HOKOAINHA Bce x KEPYBAIOCA cHTYALict, KOH BTpAYEHO nutTky Tpanwuif i, Hasire Oinsuwe, xeritumisosaHo HenoKopy. Cx0- Bow, y 1900-x poKax yxe Gy.M paaitkanbHi CHAN, WO BHABHIH ceBe 2 ykpainicskomy sitepatypxomy mpoueci. Boxit onocepeaKonao BHMOCTIAH ULAAK yTypHIMY. Bea cynniay, naftpanixansHiuri cpinvenitam KybTyDHUNX 3Min 1 Yxpaini crap 2xypuan “Yxpaintcexa xara” — xypHan, aKa Haco- omkypancs, pemyin GTaM 3i “cTapHM oKoTiKiAM", oco6NHBO 3 nopaxnie “IlireparypHo-HayKoan BickttKoM" (sacHosanitt 1898 po- xy) i 9 raserow “Pana” (1906-1914).!? Orouens Cpiénaticexoro Hasizaro cBoix onovenia, peanicris- aponiinkin is ixninu yxpainodinsesKumn (Ha mporuBary 0 icTHHHO “nauionanbunx”) epeKonannmen, “wamorran” (Xypba 1934, c. 2) Onesnanum e re, wo y cbepi mHcTeuTBa npoGnema “Mapinevri ai " Kpuritea micann npo “Yxpaineery xary", oil yuacinen “nepeRHn ecta- ‘ery w mononoMysinuis, poamNyaun inehno-ecteTmny nporpany 20 i KpaMHiK Mex" (Lemopin xpaineaxel aimepamypu 1967-1971, 5, . 343) | wo “Ia exon “norepeaninxaM (peasicrauit i wapoaNuxan] now posnpowwAANce Garavo pa- Auamanime™, “Hix Mononomysinu” (Py6vax 1968, c. 40)6 Snpeeneennes pe 194 1930) exoia syrypuowom"” crana ana “Ykpaintcbxoi xavin” on1M is “ney. sunx mira” (2X)p6a 1962, c. 440). eaki cnispoGitHKH xypriany nanpueaag, niceMennuki THat Xorkesity i PpuusKo Yynpunxa — kynbrunypann cBif “Goremaut” o6paa i cTHAL xMTTA, AKHA st0n0y acouinonaTuuersca 3 yTypHSMOM. Tloprpet YynpHHkn aonoMarae poinoerpysari uo Texy: “An eyny, aye i Mopannnt cHaia Tpnusxo Yynpinxa. Bi- coxn, xyAHR Ta MHcH, 3 180Ma MYSHKAMH BONOcCA Ha cxPONAX ‘Obmuvus cip, wine, 6eanyce; ayabxi, saTHcHeNi TyGH i cipi aM vi, MaGyrs, noayaas ceGe HinKoBo B uboMy ToBapHeTBI Ge3 n= sro, 69 GewkeryBania. MIpore, BHTpHMES 20 KiKUM, He HaBa- “xWDUNcs Hi Na sky excrpanaranticts, Bys ue THn anapxivnuf, ‘Bupocanih wa 6yRtiomy, CTeTOBOMY, MATOKYABTABOBAHOMY TpYRTi Xoaun y noerih 4opwi8 Maropri, 8 WopHia xpKcaTim Karemoci, seni axoro auaHpae, ak Pinankno Pinansaini, JHo6H8 nosyeaTH a opnrinana. A npore nisniwte, nix ac BHSBORBHMK sMaraHt, ‘sagan xapaxtep Ta narpion#aM i aMi3 Kpicom y pyxax 3a Ypa- iny swept” (Tam camo, c. 445). Octanne pevenna sHaxope. Sk noGayMMo HiExYe, panMKaniaa i Goremiicrs uiei rpynn 6ynH sHaYHOW Mipow sMiuHeHi ix cruHO yesitommosanitM narpioT#sMoM, a Ha MyMKY eKoTO, came HMM [riaTpi- orusMom] sunpanzani Inrenexryatism ainnory “Yxpaincpxoi xara” was aye caoepia- wa you, CyvacHuxn sinsHavan, lo xypHaT 6ys cnosHeHHA ZyKy ananrapay fl noscTans: ‘Yxpaincsxa xama' wa TOR vac Gyna wafinocTynoBHilLO}, pevo- ‘moUIRNON TPHBYHOIO MononME, TpHGyHOW ix npoTecTy, 6yHTY Inport scinaxoi sacxopyanocti, SesnpHHuNNHocTi, NoniTHIHOrO yrozoscrsa; ryprynana Ginn ceBe GesKoMnpoMicosHl noniTH4HO- aiteparypnih aris /../. Leh GoROBHA crHs Ha6HpAB inKOTH -ByKe TocTpoTo Tony B Bifii 3 KOMcepBaTHBHWMM TabOPOM “HKa- ‘aenka-€épewona. Usoro ocraniboro, wecHoro i posyanoro Cep- tin Epemona, TosxavescoxuA s omni is cxoix crarreh BHUIARD “amuapen Teunai Hoai™ (Tam camo, c. 437-38)."* Boftopuwaiunx 2a Cpi6nancsxoro ft Csuiana y rpyni He Gyn Moroni xpTuxx Haconomxysanuca Taopamu Onsrn KoOwanicexol Tlopinuatre 3 raw, sx noprperosannfi Cemenko. Dote.; Cianuy 1968 i 1969 Aya, taxox: Kowa Mlasiuye (1923, ¢. 12, 14). Eoren Yuxanenxo (1861-1929) inaneynan rasery “Pas‘Anamonis simepamypnoco ckandany ” nianwcysanuct nia ii inanpinyanismom i wiumeancTsoM. Jo608 20 ‘monefl BHuoro NopAAKy” wTonxara ix 10 NPHMCHULeHHS Nonepes- boi YkPiNCEKO! KYABTYDH, KY NONK nHAxANH 3a KAONMM ETHOTpA- ivHHA nponykt cnaGoposbuneHoro HauionansHoro ayxy. TpoTH- CToaiina “yxpainospinkcbKomy” MUHynomy BHCAOBMOBAROCE Y CNOCIG, lo CKnaMa€ KOHKypeHuito LeAKMM HAAGLIBW KpAAHiM ytTYPHCTHY- HUM saaeaM. ¥ 1913 poui CpiGnanicexul Taepaun: “Kynurypn p Maui munynunnni ~ nema! /../ He axnonnwoc aK Ma UE KAMNYTS NaTpIOTH, HauInM npenKaM, HAUINM npaniaaM, ‘Wo AMUIMAH HaM oaHO Macaincro ~ cBow TynicTB, GeanpHH- uunnnicts, sapsapctao i Thuy. He nowanyeMo ixnbol ‘xyqsrypH MexymMTypHocTH’, He aknonMMocs nepen TEMiM MHCTEUTBOM / Ue nce re, woro Mam Tenep He Tpe6a, a Toro, wo Ham Tpe6a, ‘peak He yrsopwan i nam Me amen. /../ ¥ wac HeMa npeaKis, Tianwx rowan, a Heriani nowaNH HaM He MorpiGni" (Bozay ui etal. 1955, ¢. 14." Cowan Gye anaTHHA Ha npHcrpacts Taxol x CHIH. KoMeHTyIONH cywacny flowy niteparypny cuTyautio, vit sicMine unpe “yxpail- KE” MHCTENITRO TOHOM, He HalTO AaNeKHM Bin Toro, WO MisHiwe mpossyanrs y Cement “1 vax co6i rons Hanepea KyaNcs mana xomnania 6nasnis i ‘aaxOAWTACA GoxeninsnHM peroToM. Tlin npanopoM ‘yEpalHcExo- ro! mucreurpal.. /../i Moxa 8 3aABHA pas TibKH mlepeKonaTH- Co, AK Y Bcix THX TBopax MeMac ¥aCTO aMi cRiay Me TO TBOpYO! aiflcho ayMKH, ane Habits i HanpyxeNHR HisKorO, Hivoro, Wo 6 ‘axaxynaro Ha mice WHIM ikTepecM; Hewae a6comOTHO MinKOrO SGaxanNn BHfiTH 3 cHOTO TenTOTO KYTKB, B AKOMY ACTECA BCE znemxo, camo eo60w /../" (Cawax 1912, ¢. 10, 12). ‘Guava KPHTHKH Gy.nH y Bimal Bin BysbKocTH, nposinuintismy A opepxopocTH, wo innaMen 10 yxpaicsKoi nitepatypy. 3HvoKeHicTE “auchaxenicrs” mucreuTsa ix o6paxana, O6ypionao IMAMOBaHHA ctpaxsalts, M’akorinocrH Hemowi. Bonm Maronouyean, wo miTe- atypa MycitTe auimonaTH noviiseveny moncexy ayy i MycHTs pile fru B axuTra."* XapaxtepHo Te, wo CauiaH Xankysae 3a pincyTHicTIO “nporecry” i “GopoTs6x" 8 cyvacHomy nucbMencrai (swan 1912, ® Cpi6nancworh vinpearysan ua nossy your M. Ipyutescexoro “Kyabrypn ‘aulonanaanh pyx y XVII eropivui na Yepaini” Ue efron, aio nocrifno nosropiocTace a “YxpaincuxiA xavi". Oco6nnso oveanannh y: Cpdameexul (1909, 413-31) ra Een (19108, €. 24-31)7 Yapaincexuia dymypusn (1914-1939 ¢.31), Bin Gye sanovonennh sipwem Yynpusixnt “Zo cnoix” (1910) apxe To! wicrus paaox “6yHT Ana GyHTy". Beacyamibio, raxa cha Ay BNAMHYAA Ha POIBHTOK cae Cy. enna, Horo dyrypitaM Mae aci O3HaKit, WWO6H BBAXATHCA novi oanpocropeniam raxitx niaxonia. Besnepe¥o, wo nepea ayy ‘Gisuze, vx aunaaxoza cxOxicTs Mix MaHicbecraMM CeMetika fino. ragaannt, wo nepesaxaiors B “Yxpaikicexit xavi”. TIpoataniaying ara Cemenna va ranery “Pana”, loro cnpoTHs “GarbKaM” ra ixniowy ‘creuray i Habits floro nepeapaxHioBaHHs “wMpOrO” yKpaincexo to autcteursa, Bintiue Toro, foro TaopH niicna “Prélude” spamxyor, ‘TewmepanenT waftxe Taxiil, axnl Remiani KpHTHKH “Yxpainesxoi xami”. Ynponosx ocranix micautia 1913 poxy foro noesia sacsia- ‘wa amiwtenns sia MonepHicTH¥Ho! MenaHxonii A copoM'santpocti 1 Hosoro Tiny caMonniesHevioctH A nioBcTaHLa."* LLiKaBo, wo bop- Danse excnepiMenaropcrao CeMenka pociio & nipawift nponopui 420 loro HenlokopH TpaaUilIHOMy KYBTYPHOMY CepeOBHKLy ~ ne- PeTpopentia, axe Moxe GyTH TONHo BincTeKeHMM. 9 xosmis 1913 poxy sini HanvcaB Bipul, yoe Ime nepenoBHeHHh onepricrosxuaat Ganiansiocraust. Hyabra i cMyrox 6yAH riepesaki 2 npirawaniift wanpauy “cononkasi” wastepi (“OM moxi, 2107 ‘mo6ni exit”; Cenenko 1925a, c. 53). OnHax mpo 3qa¥Ho Binsin crib cnosicrus sipus “A iay”, Nanicanuf 24 nuctonama, y aKOMy asTop sucnosHace pane B onosianif, GnvsBKiA 20 nposM MaHepi: ‘iay nin mac ~ nanuor cxnaAI0, B wahbyrie x niu ~ crexxauar Shon ii yeni wae San Mu pis, ox posites Dany 38 icropiv i 3a xi. ‘Taxox 32 Korannn fay o¥ef. Bia caitaa wovoro w ocnin ~ A ue Gay cnoix oxen, 91 xan sac ~ nanwor coun, ‘lo cmc sanismix ni. pus Yympnstr nownnas enizpa a Newreneftvons Kyniua (1819-1897); rponatcaxoro Gara, 6arto nteparypue 2posnan ax” (Yympunxa 1926, © a Tex biacnaah 20-usoro aipisa Yynpnva (1912, c. 50-51) "Ti sips a6pano » "KoGsapi” nia wanso1 “Hala noesiAxn”.Anamonia aimepamypnozo cxandaay 2” Bepire nonin ace, wo sao, SLcnit nonuh oroxousy (8 iay"; Ceneueo 1925, c. $5). Ue oamm sipus “3axnnx”, nanucanni 25 nmcronana, werowsrH- sn aaniepevennant cnoix “npeakis” neperyxycrics 3i CpiGnaticexnm’ “Hac Tini npenkis He anaxaiors/ 3aGyri ren xaf cnuuwr.” (Cemen 1925a, c. 57). 3a na ani Ceenko sian “uapcrso sivioi aMini Biputem, cama HasBa axoro (“Tlocsonicua”; ram camo, c. 59) € suep- HennaMt 20 yrypuamy (ocoGmt80 tropa Cevepanina). Zeck 8 rpys- a y “Tlowarky” o'aswaaca Hearpa6Ha, ane Hasirh npomosncTinia Miuiannna mozeputictc.xmx o6pasia, yrypieTH Hix HeonorisMiB Ta ineonorii “Ykpaiticexoi xan” 2Kuoyuiocuinna excranamn Mv sauri yu spas waroeMo Beamexwonnenniwn daitraaanit Bei sypaniat na ac aaroeno, Mit ne npn 3 wosKan xopamn ~ Hawi wyrra xoertm4 nanonven, ‘A tau sya esitosopinar Hosni tesaun oan06neH CChisoxcerrs npoxcrs ayesanon ~ ‘Ue wauui wapinius saraani, Lewin, ewino Rien 3 noesanen, ‘lx wali ev He, Weranayi 1 e expan wa’ sau waxpmxe 1 ocya paBcnxoro ob ypeHns, ~ Tnputine vac ~ exot avrasn mit YY spe npexpac neperopn, ocs ta pyinax soe yraopHNo (*Tlowatox"; Cenewso 19258, c. 64). ‘Taxi xeaaidyrypicritvni anpasn Gyau aatexun Bia MacTepHo- Com, ane BOM MoKasyIoTS, lo asaHrapa sanowoBan Cemenika, i We Gyno posuiupenuast — n0cNT» oprani¥num y Bcix suABAX ~ YKpa- inesxoro monepHismy. ce axasysato Ha NocTynosHA nepexis, a He Ma Hiecroginanii sigpye BiA cporo airepatypHoro oToveHHA. Tloni6ni npeueaenra ft ananorii MoxHa sianaitru i ana “woxyo- oro” Cementkonoro sanny mo Ulesvenkosi. 3anosro 20 Cemenka ‘neski ocoGn B yxpainicexift rpowani (Hanpwxian, IT. Kynius, M. Apa- Tomanioe ta I, @panko) poSw.n, y caift cnoci6, enpo6u nosGanitr#“ Yapoincexuis @ymypuss (1914. 1930) esvenxa Noro naviiavoro couinasHoro, HautioHansHoro i noeniyno- roasropimery.” Hicro we poOia boro HactimsKH “HayxoB0”, nk pa. rowan y cra “Ulesvexxo, yxpainoobint i couinnism” (1875), npasy, ‘xa, sept Bary, noGaiera cB0e TpeTe nepeswianHA 1914 poxy Upa- cananoe 1914). Ocb ax parowanion xapaxtepiiayBas WafteHaHadni- ‘wy KHUITy noesiA Leavenxa: “Ko6ap'¢ xe pi nepexarra ~ ‘cn Dberwundener Standpunkt’ ak xaxyTe Hin, Tax Mao Toro, “Ko63ap’ Gararo B YOMY € epHOM, ‘xe nepenexano ® KOMOpi i Me NocmyAHUTO mx caia i 8 cBiA Hac, ‘kann 6yno oie, a Tenep ye Mano Mapiuio fl ronwTecn” (Zpazo- _naroe 1970, ¢. 100) 3 imworo npusoay sin nozaB: “Banue 9 wane6uin, 18 we 3 MoneSHi® nicns cMeprH easToro, azo Gyaae KopHcmn, a 6aravo WiKOAM AW0RAM. A MOxe, HiKOMY ‘Tak Me uikowsTs woneOui, sx HaM, HaniseapsapaM Ha cxoni Es- nx. Mprragaimo, wo pocificsxe nuceMeneTBO aiAcHo nics Toro A nowano pocrH, KonM BeminesKnA noxasae, wo B Poci vcaseneTea we enpanai wewa, wo Tlyuixin caM ile HE po- urs nucsmencrea, Ta fi HoMy ule HeMa Yoro Aye MORHTHC. Topa nxe, wo6 xro-neGyan cnpanna riosiGuy cmyx6y ft yxpa~ ‘weaxowy maceMencTay 3 Llessenxom, i THM 6imbus nopa, wo Yyepalnono6ui aaaHo mxe nerKYaNoTS Horo fA RK TCE MeMHINE, i ‘K npoBoawpA » rpoMaaceKiA NpaUi, a. KOTO BemWvAHMR cna 1a yepaincaxa wi mHceMeNHa, Mi TPOMANCRA, He BYKE-TO NOey- sacrica” (Taw camo, ¢.97)." Ho wieix npo6rewn 1911 poxy auepuysca Esuian, sactepiraioun, lwo Hexpuriwne noxzoninna WesvenKosi HeGeaneuHe f NA Beni- Koro noeTa, i MIN yxpaincbxoro cycninbcraa (BinsHa¥Mo cxoxKicT® is aniipectom Cewenxa): “Mx ypuuryeno wopoxy neki KOHHEpTH i neNOpH, BHTORO- lyewo wryuni npowoeH, YOupaeMo cuNLo-»oBTi KOKApIM i cibae- "1901 poxy @panco raysynan in rx, x70 oToTOXINOBAR yx>paliesKy AiTEpATYPY ‘inwot Wenvenou., tax, wi6n nivoro nica mnoro ne Gyo NanweaHo (1950- 1956, 16, 33-334), * Buzanns wicruno nepeane caove ANapis Hixoncbxoro i nanxano H8 PO38) an, tuo Horm Gw anni xa sanibecTH Cenena. Hacnpanal icye Geatt ‘apanene ix Aiparowanoni i Cewewnxow ~ Ginsize, i406 wox GYRO WT {BK A oGropopiosar Ty Tipo cxanaanannf xapaxrep wh -ann.: panko (1906, ci)‘Anamonia simepamypnozo cxandany soll ne ep’ = xan, wor wanes nae a /n/ ake oie camyann Ween ne mene acai cooky wanepe, ne Horan Hae ae ao noes foro yon, a muti na suey ob ta le onan cn ee odpxam enema jor, a.fee ape, 0p coe ao cp ev see suuunx” (Cowan 1911b, c, 6-7). at CpiGaasicskn rakox nianavcn 20 HemaaHnx HackoKis Ha TBOpt a somery ai sBHHyBaeNHAM, wo “Ginsworo mHUeMipcrea, GinBuOro xancrpa nize He sianne 1op6a, ak 8 xymbri cBoro ‘npopoKa i mye Huxa’” (CpiGaaucexui 1910, c. 28), Tichuft 38'A30x Mix Maviibectom Cemenka “Cam” i poSoramn foro cysacHuKie MoxHa BcTaHOBHTH, opiBHIOIo¥N ia TaopOM ime ‘onHoro MoronoTypxa wii rpyni, KpuTixa Aiuapin Toaxavescsxoro (1886-2). ¥ foro ctarti “Jlitepatypa i vauti ‘NapoasmKn™ wirraemo ‘raxnfl nacax: “Kon 1 Gepy 8 pyxn “Ko6sap", # ne Moxy nos6ymieh noxyrra oSpuaxenns. 51 Gary nepen coor ack Ty THVEMY HeARAD, WHO ‘oransa cBoiM OpyaoM nese in’, Baty posxpvri YopHi nau ‘gyi cMopoa nin anxanns acix uNx rloTBOpIX irOr, Wo spo6iLN ‘Bensxoro npopoxa caoin npopoxow. /../ Bown cMinn ispurarn any Lleavenxosn ran canons yerantn, 3 KIX HEBABHO BI uearace Opyana aaa? Bia raxaix roxsan noTeMMin GH i Me ‘Tah ainwaver, ax Menvenkona noesin™ (Tosxaveecsxul 19116, ©. 421), Y raxomy csitai # xonrexcti rpe6a posrasaTh sHenoRmMORaHHA Cemenka. OwesnaHo, wio Bid iulon caiaoM 3a resHo1 KonBenuien, ‘Konm Hanamap Ha THX, ¥He HenirsacTso poGuao Llleavenxa Binpasn- BHM aaa “yuunaxeTHennx ayis” (npuranasire, uo Cemenxo 306pa- ‘xap arjonoreria Lllesenxa kouceppatusHuMe A “npHMiTueh Maniecr “Jlepaanna” cnpaonaniif we npots Lessenxa, 3aapolo “npo MicTeuTBo i npo Te, wlo HoMy Hanexwrbca” © aaynaxre, 3 nkov0 nocrinnicro Cenenxo auamuye wucreuTno: “Hesse wiNo~ Fo xinworo, nx poswonatTh 3 TOGO npo ameTeuTao /../. TW nigWocias MeN sacsamusonanoro "Ko6sapa’ A KaxeUl:ock woe MNcrewT. /../ Tw niawock Meni aaenoaeni overeube "el. /../ Mucretra0 € woce Tae, wo TOO! A He ‘woes /../ e € xy aM WeMGE MNCTEUTBa. A nepeROBCiN noMO He GOITER anagia. 7.7 Une mpaiwo Taxoro MicTeuTES./../ 8 6 2anyunMEcA 8 aTMO- ‘ibe naisoro “unporo’ yepainenxoro wucreurea™ (19148, c. 2-3)foro nonepeannkit, CeMeHKo KPHTHKYBAaB KynbT ( aefinicanra. Orce ace, uto aMurHAOc® Bin WesHeHKa”), to Ganan, synan Leavenxa i sapaxas ovonrenmio aireparypn. loro craaney, tao Ueavenxa santunienoca ® OcHOBI NOSHTHBHMM — Bpewti, in yoe x sapaxyaas floro 0 “Thranis” mucTeuTBa. BBaXaIO¥N, 110 oe. IMoMy MucreuTay Hivoro GoRTHCE, BiH MPOCTO MpHnyckas, wo Mlesvenxo, ax Gyab-AKHA ReANKHA NOeT, He CTPAKNATHMe Bin “cna. ‘ewnn", ocoGnito OckinbkH UeA BOTOH HaRiNeHHA aBiTKMOYOD cwrow. Ha aysxy Cemenka, incanisauia “Ko63apa” 6yna dopwon creuakoro o6poHsositins, llessexKo cras “piapaan¥euiM sBuuiew”, 60 wiuanw, Taopui Kymbry, spoGHNH 3 Aoro Tioesii “sacmanbuso” anh” o6'ekT noknOHinHR, we A MonoHyBANH foro AK cyxacnun spanoK aireparypu ~ y TaKHA croci6 MpHpiKarouH YKPaiHICEKe MucTeu- ao “sincraaTit Ha necaTHpitTaR”” Modepniam versus dymypusm Haiswn snmano sckpasnx neperykia Mix “YKpaiticbKow xa. Too” iTexcramn Cewenka, MycHMO samMTaTi, Hoy CpiGAAHCEKMA ‘a Eswant pearysann Ha maniiectH Tak pisko, aK i Ha noeris 2e- Gor. Ypewti-pew, Habirb 3BaXMBUIM Ha SMicT Ta CTH» BMCROBIE- Horo, Gasnwo, mo CemeHKO mao lO NonaB MO Bxe CkasaHoro xaraHawu. CeMenxo Habitb He ataxyBan “Ykpaincexy xary” Geano- ‘cxpeanto (xo¥a Moxa 6yn0 6H roROPHTH Mpo saByaNsoBaHy KpH- ‘tuxy y “Kaepo-yrypiami": "/../ CMH HAMM MH BCTYNEMO B UinkoM nw cit, ne He MOXEMO Ie NONyBATH ceGe, AK OMB, B caoix yxpaicbxnx i nnusix xaTax"), HaToMicTs 3a xepTey O6pa!- ‘1 tpannuitiax poporis xypHany (“Pana”, “ZIanin”). Tovacra ianosias Moxe nonaraTH B Tomy, 110 CeMeHKO BHCHOBMB BOM Konuenuil we Bo in'a xypHany, ate 3apaaH HoBorO AiTepaTypHOTO vanpaury. Ha ToR vac Bin 3afitias nosHuiIo ayrcafepa (206pe baywaecb y saronosox “Cam"), i cksananoca BpaxeHHa, Wo Bi Bisaanus ce6e sin “Hauionan-narpiotHuioro” taGopy. Le, 8 o¥ax Cpi6nancexoro, nosGasiiz0 Cemenka acix MopamtbHHX npaB mpoTe- ccrysarn npota Kyabry Wesvenxa, ocoGnuso pisroni, ak CeMeHKo auanaeca Menu “cBizoMiM ykpainteM” (Nepes foro pociaHiaMn A ocificskuA snaws). Bapto sasHauiTH, wo Cpi6aancexHA i €swaH Wikoa We 3acynxysann iel KyAKTY AK TaKOl: BOHM npoTecTyBAAM nepeaycin nporu foro yxpainodinsesKoro xapaxrepy. Tlonexyal CpiénawcoxwA aoxoans, wo six 6axap GH saxncrHTH KynbT, KOHAnamonia simepamypnozo cxandaay 43 oN GescymninHo cnyxuT® ykpaincoKi® enpani.” ¥ suey Ce- enka CpiGnancbkif, ovesnaHo, sinsysan, uo Taka GpytanbHicr® Me MpOCTO aTaKye YkpaiHOMincbKMM CHILIPOM, a 3aXONNTD aM: cxnamanoca spaxcia, wo CemeHko crasie nin cynis camy Ha- iuionansny ine. Henoposyminna sHiiino Tomy, ito Cemenko crpit- fimas HauiOWANBHMA MMHHMK rapaHTonannM yxe 3 Tiel MpHUMHK, ‘mlo TakHAl MitHHHK icHye. ("Te CBOE, ‘pink (u1o 3pO6rN0 cH B HAL ac OrHATHBHM), io OTpIGHE Byne Ans caMOBHOHAYeHHA 2aranb- No-monebKoro, BHABHTE cA (1Ke TyPGyiiTeCt!) caMocoBORHE, x0¥a-6 MM Hapo4nTocBiNOMo ranbMysanH 10 cTHxi10"). 3 inWNOrO GoKy, Enuran i Cpi6nancsxnii sa6xan Haronoulysann Ha HEOMY, OCKiTB- KM Bint GyB KOHCTpYKTHBHHM eneMeHTOM ixstix Teopilt. BHOyX HaB- kono nuranna Llesvenka, sisrax, wana rnnGui Haurapyeanna. 36inH Mix CemeHkom Ta “Yxpaintesxoio xatowo” MicTAni, npote, kpali- eo BinMinNe posyMinHa inaxy, AKHA O6MpaTHMe yxpainichKa Mi- Teparypa Mu nepexonanis, 10 8 outinkax yxpaiHicbKoro cyeninsersa i 8 posnasanii peuentis crocosko foro sMin Ha Tni cy¥acxi i Hafi- Gawxcunx nonepentixia "Yxpainicexa xara” yma HasBHaMHO pa- aukansHow, Onnate, ii nireparypHa ft ecreriuna nlosnuia HoKasana eHwy opnritansnicrs i ne pinGirana pia ocrosnoro Manpamy. Bara- To mposinux MonepHicTCBKHX Tem, CTHNICTHYHHX PHC, CBRTOULID i ApHnywent — ManpuKran, KY7BT Kpacl, TRePLKCHHA, Wo MUCTEL- ‘Te0 aBTOHOMHE i WO MHTeUb 32BKAM BHOKDeMTeHH ig “HaTOBNy”, — -xypHa BHKOpHCToBysaB, sueGinbuioro, Ge3 sain. Horo BMecoK y ‘Monepitism nonsrae 3ovciM He B YyNPORALKEHHi AKHXOCh ABHUX HO- pauifl, ay Bini pinunidyearn saranbHo npAAHAT 3aCHOBKH 3 ne 2B “Eni npo dyrypuaw' Cpi6aauciaih wassas Uesvenxa “reopsns inym- com siaposoxenix moni”. Kinsxona poxaMn paniute nin pais TiN yu, Wo “in's Ueavena orovewo Grarorosifiann KynsTOM cxpinb,€ € WOck cBix0MerO 2 yxpainiersi.. | Ne auaHo! Iva ue ~ aMicr yxpainersa moacbxocnt, awicr -aonehxactit 8 yxpalvemel. /../ 3nasinns KoBsaps nacannepea opranisyioxe” liwn.: Vepaincnea xama | {1909}, c. 4; xypens » opxtinani), Tlornsa CpiGnan- hxoro annonibcio naragye Dpanxis, lopiswstire 3 THM, wo @panno cKasas y 1905 pout, xomst saxanuan Hessenxa bia wocxsodinis: "Has suaerscr, Wo meac Spyana i wewncra pyxa niauniaacs nia dipuy 0. Kowaacsxoro, woGw nposec- TUB Moa ayMxy, 3 RKOW BixnaBHa WocmTLCR Haul MocKBODiAN ~ niaipsaTH xymvt Ulenvenea cepea wauioi cycninsiocrs i THM caMum no36asitx Ty cyeninniers ronoanoro Kopena To! WeMHocTH, axa Aonac TA aanany £0 nau Fnignocwrs i anenia ia crynewa npocrux 2"inevie xxi6a no riqmocru mozen” (1950-1956, 16, ¢. 348),Now cwow winBeprocTi fh aHulyKaHocTH. “YkpaiticbKa xata” ayay, Ho pospo6iina MonepHicTCBKIA AICKYPC Ha HOBIKX inTesekryansnny i nonewiannx pinnsx. Ane nize npasant ziti, wo npoBiani xpuTiny, arsuin mann Ha6araro MeHie cHMMATIA 0 MORePHICTCSKOTO Cy6'ey, rusiowy fayxosnocti, Noro nepectTy fA micrmuHsMy. Taky Hearogy 6yno nerko npoaprikymosaTit 8 Teopii, Baxve Gy70 HEI KepysaTHc, y pezaxuifnif nonitmui. Ak pesynbrar, anacHe aiTepatypa, aky ny6. ‘ixonano 8 Xyphaui, Mano BinpisHAnacA Bin navtiBHUX Monepuicr. canoe Tesi. Hacnpaazi “Yxpaincbxy xary” eupisuana Hauionanictyna inconoris. Bora npxsena Cpi6aaiicexoro, Cnwanta i Toskavescxoro 10 naronocy Ha posBitky enitapHoi “Hattionanseoi” niteparypy, Moin Ha HApORHMUBK: A NpoBiKUiATbHi TaopH Tako € ixna nonepeansoro cropiya. Ta A “Yxpaincpka xara” He TinsxH nirpn- ynaza i npHcKoplosaza HanpaMH, MoYaTOK AKMM nana inTenireH- un 1890-x, nporonocmswn MitcTeLTTBO cBOEW iHCTHTYUet, a ize “sucoxoi xyabTypH” ninsanMtiow yxpaintesxoi Haul i possinysin ui wef 0 xpatinix ex. awe ines enirapnoctu ta Hauiowansita camocsinomicrs noctasx- sm xypHa y cuTyauio siaxpToro KoHdbaixTy 3 “TenaMM” yxpaiHo- ‘incraow”™ crapuioro MoKoniHHs, sxe, AK YKe GaNHTH, 6ys0 BiH uM y TOMY, Wo He eTBOpIO spino! Hauii A KyaBrypH. “Tax Hosa aiveparypa, ~ Kaxe Cpi6nancexnfi, — piutae ocHoBHy npoGneMy ykpa- ‘crea ~ xyzutypiy emancinattivo floro, i Tpareaio samexHocTH, icro- irwio-xonesH 10 koro acy Tparenito paBcrea” (Cpidaancoxuil 1912, ¢. 104). Exum posysis 3B'a30x mix sireparypow i Hauicio Taxi ‘wiiow: “Iliveparypa, ce le He cama GopoTs6a 3a BHIBOTEHHA, are Bema cia, Aka NloMarae 8 GopoTEGi 3a BuSBONeHHA. Ce Kpaca npO- ‘Teeny, paca 6yiTy npoTs HaciutkcTaa i HafitmKYOrO PaGCTBA, AKC ECTE! paGcrea myxa" (Eewan 19119, c, 564). “Yxpaittcexa xara” TpaKrysara orereuroo ax dynaaMenTanby UinMicTs 1A cycninbcTBa, HaBiTb AKIO *Vepancues xa’, ~ ncaa Boraunotf, ~ averymuna 2 rocrporo KpHTAKOD ‘pani api6wnx ait ta newxonorit pemtok 7.98. yxpainotpinscrsa 3 floro No- Dipxonanio ni6epaniawoM, noBepxoBHM aeMoxpaTHaMoM, LoRNBMiCTIO, yronO8- ‘Taow Ta opicnrauieo a nationansio-siosamsHiR enpan aya cyenini cH” (Bozousrat ma in. 1955, ¢. 52) * fxocs Cpidngncuovh cxasan: “Dyxonve pa6crpo wauntx ‘rBopsts” nepx Gyno {ie npweanoo wauiol HationanHoT nikvesmocti, Go ne € paBcrBo, TaM Hema ‘aopNoT iniuiaTuan, pyr, posnury aarrreanx cHa” (19138, €. 564).Avamosun sumepamypuaca exandaay 4 uaMineTHcR, Wo He Me osavae GeatlocepestiLoro tacTOcyMaNHH 0 couiNABHNX WH HoniTHNHIX uieA, MiteTentT80 Gyno coltian.ito10 uiniienio 34 nittoMMsL npavoM (i, auisaMto, Norpi6HE AM ittTeni- revi), 60 BONO € oTitenHaM soaeLKOFO inNBiyanisMy, AyxOBHO! 0G, eyricio% Yacriio¥ xynbrypit wk eaMa COBOI0 Hanae Hai inenmstiocrs Xova CpiGnancexnit i Cowan winomi sauankn Heuannih xpHeTHA insix nocaiosniKis-Monepmicris 2a nporonouienia xpantoro ecre- Tuomy i machpHicrs, Ta saranom son nowyeanieh ¥ UinKosHTOMy KoMopTi 3 MonepHi3wom sx MutcTeUKoNo ZOKTPHHOW | ManH BinHOc- No mao sanlepevens ctocoaHo fora bopMi i crisHo. (CpiGnaHeLKMA apirp micaB TinoBo MoxepHicrcRKY Noesio Ta nposy, niancyio- ‘uch cBOiM CnpaBkHim npiseuem Lanosan ta imiuianamn M. LL.) Hactinbk, HackiNbKH MoxHa 3pOOMTH BHCHOBOK HaBiTs i3 “Enioay nnpo yrypiaM”, sxHil niarpHMysae raopH, wo Gyan MHLTOSBY¥Hi Ta mysnuni (1914, c. 451), mprctomHi ta sMurykaHi (Tam camo, c. 455), ui Cpi6aaucexni, ni Cowan y nitepatypi He 3akaMKaH m0 excnepH- MeHTY SK TAKOTO; OHH 3aBXAH Haronowysam, Wo AiTepaTypa — inneuicTs, xa yusnsxerioe | € TicHo an'maaHiolo iz BACOKHM MO- PAIGHHM, iiTenexryaNbHiM Ta HauionanbitM o6o8':2KOM, 3posymino, mo ichysann nesHi ecreTH4Hi Mexi, No3a aKi “YKpa- ‘etka xara” He Gyna rovona nufirH. Sx i yxpainesxuf monepHiaM 3araoM, -XypHaM yeraNKyBaB 3posyMiny uiticny KoHueMwirO Mit- creuraa ak Kpacu. Tlousrra “npexpaciioro” nianopankonysanoca TaKOX NoHATHIO “xyzbTypHoro”. MufcTeNTa0, 32 cB0E%0 cyTTO, — ynipepcanbunft nocepeauix eaanna o6paHnx inmusinyanswocrem (Cayrresin xyiu"), a He dopant o6'exr, Cowan nucas: “A xpaca TinbKH onHa A Bcix. Jlitepatypa € TintKM onHa Ana acix” (Cewan 1914a, ¢, 39), JLaa nsoro naprifine sn ineonorivne mncTetrB0 Gyx0 ve wucteutsoM: “Tipasaa, ecth airepatypa Haponwuusxa, npone- Tapouxa, Karonnusxa, ykpainosimschka, ~ ane tle mtacke , “niTepa- ‘Typa’, a He TROpyicTb” (Tam camo, c. 40). To xe apryMeHT rooMTBCA {UA BiinaaKin, KON MHCTEUTRO SOCepesDKYETECA Ha BYYSEKIX GOP Manbuvx sapmatiniax; Tomi voNo crae nycToW rpo1o. He muBHo, mo oun “onmakysas” neplui auaex ineonori¥Hoi Ta opmanbuoi sH- epenuiauit » yxpaineexomy sireparypnowy npouec * fod yepaincuxe aireparypie Xurta fae» Warpayi ‘eueNTpari sai, poanaimrecn, = noWnIacTiex sxace 29a ‘NgepeMuin- _o/ 3apoaa Tees aKic naprifini rpynowantin, danlabmi inme- ecu, sanieme wernt exptaul Roodunoxuc cayacumenia ai ‘metimea Sepyme eepx TPYTNOBNR NaprhkyAspyOn, DORK! *KOPHO-6 Yepaincoxuit dymypuam (1914-1930) » pesyabrari TaopHtecn xe i y Hac aireparypia inay- ‘pis, axe i y Hac siTepaTypHi Pyx HOPMYE He meopyuil ma- ‘Aanm, a BRK inTepecH inusoro xapaKrepy” (TaM camo, c. 49, xypens min ~ 0. 1), €suan ouinioe 3 onHaKOBHM CKeNTHUHSMOM iTepaTypHi TBopH fA nucbMeHHHKis Pan4nHH, AKi HalalOTb NepeBary TOMY, W106 “BH- Guearica noxan ‘cipy Macy’ pH NoMo4i ecbexToROi 103K i me GiTeu edextosoro sucryny”. MicemeHunx Taxoro uiTHOy, “mOGH sKoce BuABKTH ceGe, BIPDKHHTH cepen ‘ToBNH’, /.../ MYCHTb edeKTOBHO BHCTYTIATH; oTKe, 8 pesymbraTi nycKaeTEcA Ha KOMERIRHTa, AKHA o- xaaye ceoi dboxycn nepen ‘ny6nikow’. Jlapma, lo Te Bce KpHiIBe, Hecwa¥ne, MoMixyioNe riaHicTs /.../". “B pesynsrari, noxoaHMo 0 cyMHoro ocHTs daxty i 8 oGopOKi MncreuTea, floro npap i 3aKoHiB, BHCTyNaIOTS pasoM 3 odunuUyEMu, ‘licno meoprunu i 3 eucokun ymom ~ KoMeniaHTH, BCAKi eTMUIH- cent cao8a, moaM, He BiamoBinansHi 3a cBoi BYMHKM. ITpHnyyaio- ‘sce 10 TaGopy GopuiB 28 MHCTeNITRO, ONepYIOWH THMH CaMHMHL ‘cnosaM, BHLABHTaIONN Ti caMi KANYi i nponaryioun Ti cami Bap- ‘TocTi ~ BONH HawocaTb UIKomy MucTeUTBY GimbiLy, AK foro BOpO- Nt: BOHM floTo KOMNPOMETYIOTE, BOKK sacMiNyioTs BHCOK ineanH vb INCTIHNKTaMEH, CTATaIOTE ix Ha ToproBMUNO i aMiGHi HABIT. ‘YOuTH TeHianbHHfi Taran, KOMH TOA Monae 3 HUMH B KOHGAIKT, ‘npoB own ix nia ce6e mporwarm” (Ceway 1913, c. 698-699, Kyp- come wif ~ 0. 1.) Taki aansh nosciio1oTs, omy “Yxpaincexa xara” TpaxTye MH- CcTeuTBO B OMATTAX BUSHANHHX OcOBNCTOCTER i Tenis — a He B TeP- Mintax pyxip Ta cTuniB, aki GayaTucn IM KOHCTpYKTaMH ApiG"@SKOBHX epexonats.* TonoBHMMH UiHHOCTAMH JWIs XXypHaTy JaNKULAMHCR sMict (unBinisyowh, uaxeTHI, ineanicrinsHiAA, inocorpeexHA) i caM crarye Murus. Bycowana 4M axif-ne6ynb oxeBHMHHA oxy Ha xy- oxctix 3aco6ax Bynn o6pasoio itreneKTyANbHOTO, CBAILIEHHOTO i BHCO- Koro noxanxanina mucteuTea (“Zina noesii casToi,/ Bix Ta0pI0 a ie mn”, ~cxasae niet Yynpaixa) (Yynpunxa 1913b, c. 324). Cauan 3am ‘188, wo cBioMa Tpa 3 GbopMow Gyna sHaKOM inTeNeKTyALTEHK i sacrepiran yxpailicexe mucTeuTB0 nepen MOxTHEOW “GesiteRHicTiO” > Tlonaewo wuneve TunoBe aNexonnosana Eausana: “Kann a nepexomy tenep ao ecrerin Weavers, TO # 20H Me XONY CTaRaT Ha BYDKAHA Ta CyROGOD- DMANbAUA rpyHr, — ji 3HO8 cant Tino4 iMaMBinyansicrs Taopyy Ulenvenka 6epy du nuriany roxy” (1911, ¢. 154) Zam. raxox oro wxnan y 6ix “Seauinsnol on cain} Gopx" (1910a,c. 120),