RADIOPHYSICS AND ELECTRONICS UNIVERSITY OF CALCUTTA. Microwave Circuits Experiments (RP 2.2.8) EXPERIMENT NAME STUDY OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF REFLEX KLYSTRON TUBETitle: Study of the characteristics of the Reflex Klystron tube Objective: (a) To study the mode characteristics of the reflex Klystron tube (Statically & Dynamically) (b) To determine the electronic tuning range Block diagram: KLYSTRON POWER SUPPLY KLYSTRON DETECTOR FREQUENCY VARIABLE MOUNT, ISOLATOR -—>} METER |» ATTENUATOR F—*) MOUNT ¥ CRO PROGEDURE: STATIC METHOD: 4. Set the Klystron Power Supply as Mod-Switch cw -* position Boar oliage cont al Fully anticlockwise | ll e control Repeller poled Fully clockwise Meter Switch ‘OFF’ position 2. Rotate the knob of frequency meter at one side fully. 3. Connect the power meter (OR Multi meter) with detector, 4. Switch ‘ON’ the Klystron power supply, power meter & i Klystron tube. Cooling fan for theb clockwise 5. Put ‘ON’ beam Sar ee Switch & rotate the beam voltage kno reading , see reading on panel meter & observe beam current The beam current should not be increased more than 30 mA”. 6. Bee the Repeller voltage slowly & set for maximum deflection in the power 7. Tune the plunger of Klystron Mount for maximum output 8. Now rotate the knob of frequency meter slowly & stop at the position, where you get dip in power meter, this will give you the operating frequency of the Klystron tube 9. Now decrease the repeller voltage in the steps of 1 volts & note down the repeller voltage value. corresponding power & frequency for each graph. oltage vs power and repeller voltage vs frequency the electronic tuning 10.Plot repeller v‘ sensitivity (ETS). From the repeller voltage vs frequency gra| lystron tube and also find the electronic tuning zVolt where f2 and f1 are frequencies in half of its value at the ‘top’. ph, determine range of the Kl ETS = (f2-f1) / (V2-V1) MH MHz at which mode power falls to DYNAMIC METHOD: 4. Set Klystron power supply at FM mode. ble at the back panel of the Klystron power 2. Observe sweep signal (availa! supply) on CRO note down its amplitude and frequency. n the CRO. Observe output of detector o ‘0 in the X-Y mode. of the CRO to the output of the detector and sweep signal CRO and Observe pattern on the CRO. 4. Now set CR . Connect Y channel ‘on X channel of the ler voltage slowly starting from zero volts vary it for the Now change the Repell e of it and observe the change in the pattern on the CRO. voltage at the maximum of any one lobe and then tune the to get dip for measurement of the frequency and observe the maximum valu 7. Now fix repeller frequency meter pattern at the dip.RADIOPHYSICS AND ELECTRONICS UNIVERSITY OF CALCUTTA Microwave Circuits Experiments (RP 2.2.8) EXPERIMENT NAME Measurement of coupling, | coo ie insertion loss & directivity of Multi hole directional coupler.Title: Measurem, 5 ent directional coupler. of Coupling, isolation, Objective: Study of Multihole directional coupler. Block diagram: GUNN POWER SUPPLY VswR METER TUNABLE PROBE Insertion loss & directivity of Multi hole vswR METER ee DETECTOR MOUNT SUNN ISOLATOR [ FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR | Tee ] | | i | u =e | Theory: Insertion Loss SLOTTED LINE >} DIRECTIONAL, 1 COUPLER 2 MATCHED TERMINATION Insertion Loss is the ratio of power detected at the output port to the power supplied by source to the input port, measured with other ports terminated in the matched load. It is expressed in dB. Isolation Isolation is the ratio of power applied to the output to that measured at the input. This ratio is expressed in dB. The Isolation of a circulator is measured with the third port terminated in a matched load Main line & auxiliary line VSWR The main line & auxiliary line VSWR of an Multi hole Directional Coupler is the ratio of voltage maximum to voltage minimum of the standing wave existing in the line with all parts except the test port are matched.Coupling factor Itis defined ag C=10 log ;0(Pw/P,..) where C is Coupling factor in dB Pin is input power to the coupler Pmax iS Output power of the Directivity auxiliary arm itis defined as D= 10logiolPan(forward)/Pa,<(reverse)] where D is Directivity in dB Paux(forward) is power in auxiliary arm due to power in forward direction Paux(reverse) is power in auxiliary arm due to power in reverse direction Procedure: 1. Keep the control knobs of Gunn Power Supply as below. * Meter Switch ORF Gunn bias knob - Fully anti clockwise PIN bias knob - Mid position PIN Mode frequency - Mid position Keep the variable attenuator in the minimum attenuation position . Switch ‘ON’ the Gunn Power Supply and VSWR meter. » Set the Gunn bias supply slowly to 10 volts. . Set the micrometer of Gunn Oscillator to get maximum deflection in the VSWR meter. . Measure the frequency with the help of frequency meter, note down the reading & then detune it.er i Sennereaii vswe Sete section The Output of the detector mount should be 2. Energize the for maximum ou ee Secs Mount for maximum output. + Set this level of power on VSWR m ter as refe a it Geference evenieis db), leler as reference and note down the reading 4. Without disturbing the position Of the set up, insert the Multi hole Directional Coupler beiween slotted line & detector Mount. Keep input port (Port1) to the slotted line & detector to the auxiliary Port3 & matcl hed termination to Port2. . Note down the feading on VSWR meter. Let it be Y(aB). . Calculate coupling factor C= x-Y (dB). 5 6 7. Now carefully disconnect the detector 8. {put tor a particular frequency of operation from the auxiliary Port3 & matched termination from Port2 without disturbing the setu z . Connect the matched termination to the auxiliary Port 3 & detector to Port2 and measure the reading on VSWR meter. Suppose it is Z (dB). 9. Compute insertion loss = X-Z (Gl), 9 10. Connect the Directional Coupler in the reverse direction, i.e. Port2 to frequency meter side. Matched termination to Port! & detector mount to Port3 11. Measure & note down the reading on VSWR meter. Let it be W dB. 12. Now Isolation I=X-W (d3).— 13.Compute the directivity = Y-W (dB)