Seminar about:_

Type of surgery and Surgical suture

Prepared by:
Hussam Noureldine Daoud
Abdelwahab Iyad Abdullah
Huyam Abdel Salam Muhammed
Marwa Safwan Muhammed

Under supervision:

Faisal sameen

2021-2022
SURGERY
Is an invasive technique with the fundamental principle of physical
intervention on organs/organ systems/tissues for diagnostic or
therapeutic reasons.

As a general rule, a procedure is considered surgical when it involves

cutting of a person's tissues or closure of a previously sustained wound.
Other procedures that do not necessarily fall under this rubric, such
as angioplasty or endoscopy, may be considered surgery if they involve
"common" surgical procedure or settings, such as use of a sterile
environment, anesthesia, antiseptic conditions, typical surgical
instruments, and suturing or stapling. All forms of surgery are considered
invasive procedures; so-called "noninvasive surgery" usually refers to an
excision that does not penetrate the structure being excised (e.g. laser
ablation of the cornea) or to a radiosurgical procedure (e.g. irradiation of
a tumor).
TYPES OF SURGERIES
Surgical procedures are commonly categorized by urgency, type of procedure, body system involved,
the degree of invasiveness, and special instrumentation.

• Based on timing: Elective surgery is done to correct a non-life-threatening

condition, and is carried out at the person's request, subject to the surgeon's and the
surgical facility's availability. A semi-elective surgery is one that must be done to
avoid permanent disability or death, but can be postponed for a short
time. Emergency surgery is surgery which must be done without any delay to
prevent death or serious disabilities and/or loss of limbs and functions.
• Based on purpose: Exploratory surgery is performed to aid or confirm a diagnosis.
Therapeutic surgery treats a previously diagnosed condition. Cosmetic surgery is
done to subjectively improve the appearance of an otherwise normal structure.
• By type of procedure: Amputation involves cutting off a body part, usually a limb or
digit; castration is also an example. Resection is the removal of all of an internal organ or
body part, or a key part (lung lobe; liver quadrant) of such an organ or body part that
has its own name or code designation. A segmental resection can be of a smaller
region of an organ such as a hepatic segment or a bronchopulmonary
segment.[2] Excision is the cutting out or removal of only part of an organ, tissue, or
other body part from the person. Extirpation is the complete excision or surgical
destruction of a body part.[3] Replantation involves reattaching a severed body
part. Reconstructive surgery involves reconstruction of an injured, mutilated, or
deformed part of the body. Transplant surgery is the replacement of an organ or
body part by insertion of another from different human (or animal) into the person
undergoing surgery. Removing an organ or body part from a live human or animal for
use in transplant is also a type of surgery.
• By body part: When surgery is performed on one organ system or structure, it may be
classed by the organ, organ system or tissue involved. Examples include cardiac surgery
(performed on the heart), gastrointestinal surgery (performed within the digestive tract
and its accessory organs), and orthopedic surgery (performed on bones or muscles).
• By degree of invasiveness of surgical procedures: Minimally-invasive
surgery involves smaller outer incisions to insert miniaturized instruments within a
body cavity or structure, as in laparoscopic surgery or angioplasty. By contrast,
an open surgical procedure such as a laparotomy requires a large incision to
access the area of interest.
• By equipment used: Laser surgery involves use of a laser for cutting tissue instead
of a scalpel or similar surgical instruments. Microsurgery involves the use of an
operating microscope for the surgeon to see small structures. Robotic
surgery makes use of a surgical robot, such as the Da Vinci or the ZEUS robotic
surgical systems, to control the instrumentation under the direction of the surgeon.
Purpose of Surgery

The purpose of surgery varies, but it may be recommended for

making or confirming a diagnosis, removing damaged tissue or an
obstruction, repairing or repositioning tissues or organs, implanting
devices, redirecting blood vessels, or transplanting tissues or organs.
Some people opt for surgery for cosmetic reasons.
Sutures
Surgical suture, also known as a stitch, or stitches, is a medical device used
to hold body tissues together and approximate wound edges after an injury
or surgery. Application generally involves using a needle with an attached
length of thread. There are many different types of sutures that differ by
needle shape and size and thread material and characteristics. Selection of
surgical suture should be determined by the characteristics and location of
the wound or the specific body tissues being approximated
Purpose of sutures

Sutures are used to close deep wounds or cuts. When a deep wound is present, a
doctor may need to sew the two edges of the wound together layer by layer. When this
happens, sutures are left under the surface of the skin and ultimately close the wound.
VARIETIES OF SUTURES

There are two varieties of sutures: absorbable and non-absorbable.

• Absorbable sutures do not require your doctor to remove them.

The enzymes found in the tissues of your body will naturally digest
them.

• Nonabsorbable sutures will need to be removed by your doctor in

the days or weeks following your procedure, or may be left in
permanently.
Suture material
Sutures are typically made from a variety of materials that are natural or synthetic. Here
are a few examples:

• Nylon: Nylon creates a type of natural monofilament suture

• Polypropylene (Prolene): This material creates a monofilament suture.
• Silk: Silk sutures are typically braided and made naturally
• Polyester: This form is synthetic and braided

Types of sutures
There are a few types of sutures that you may encounter should you need one.
Examples include:

• Gut suture: This form is a natural monofilament suture used to repair

internal soft tissue wounds and is most common in gynecological surgeries.
• Polydioxanone (PDS): This synthetic monofilament suture can be used for
soft tissue repairs like abdominal closures.
• Poliglecaprone:This synthetic monofilament suture is used for general use
in any soft tissue repair. However, this material should be avoided in
cardiovascular procedures. It’s most commonly used to close skin in an
almost invisible-like manner.
• Polyglactin: This synthetic braided suture is good for repairing hand or facial
lacerations.
TYPES OF SUTURE NEEDLES

The point portion of the needle extends from the tip to the maximum cross-
section of the body. Point types include the following (see the image
below):

• Cutting needles (conventional, reverse, or side [spatula])

• Taper-point (round) needles
• Beveled conventional cutting edge needles
• Blunt-point needles

Commonly used
suture needles, with cross-sections of needles shown at point,
body, and swage. (A) Taper-point needle. (B) Conventional
cutting needle. (C) Reverse cutting needle.
Sources:

1-
http://www.facs.org/-
/media/files/advocacy/state/Definition-of-
surgery-legislative-toolkit.ashx

2-
https://www.urgentcare-
sj.com/blog/understanding-the-diffeeent-types-
of-sutures

3-
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/eng
lish/suture

4-
https://teachmesurgery.com/skills/surgical-
equipment/suture-materials

5-
https://www.hurleymc.com/services/surgical/ty
pes-of-surgery/

6-
Nursing surgical medical book