Comber ed of short fibres , th the {an to remoy bing : Combing, may be detin om reps and remaining, INPUeltes help ot Kraves , brushes and rol gcomb 3 ard sliver by ust sjects of combing; : ~~ r To remove short fibres below a pre elec ~ spinner cnable to produce finer / better y hain To remove reps and foreign matter trom the cotter eT. ~ With the help of drawing and doubling , combec uniform and the fibre are straight and parallel : tthe { length so that the arn. 2 3, © Combing for finer / better yarn : Why combing is necessary far finer / better yarn: 1. For finer count, high draft is required but dratt irregularity for presence of short fibre . After combing short tree product (sliver / Roving) is ready for higher draft . 2. Longer fibres are finer than short fibres. After combing, higher count is possible to keep minimum no of fibre in dia. Ring spinning system at least 60-65 no of fibre, Rotor Spinning system more than 80 no of fibre. Length t-» Yam dia | Length | + yarn dia 7 3. Long fibre yarn has less hairir yarn ss but more luster, 4. Combing is Necessary for better regularity, 5. Less twist for finer yarn but more short fibre. To remove this. yarn appearance and vist required in present of 461. ) Better twist distribution improve the cine yi Improve uniformity , smooth and luster of yarn. 4, Reduce yarn hairiness and imperfection. 5, Produce short trash free clear yarn. — 6 Improve efficiency in the next process. W7 Improve yara regularity & strength, geist) Necessity of lap former: 7. To reduce the strain to delicate comber reduce. 9. To reduce fibre damage. To reduce chance Gf good fibres waste. 4. To reduce short fibres. 5, To reduce thick and thin ph aces in the sliver. 5. 6. ‘ 7. straight of fibre in corded sliver by changing pus ‘ : B. Not free s spetang ot fibre from sliver. Mfe’s used fui 1. Convent i. Sliver lap m/c: Ribbon lap m/c. rel system ~ il. 2, Modern System — 1) Supe! Moder ‘& Material pa: ae 3 zones and 3 different feed plates in this yeach creel 16-20 slivers) are. r lap former. on Jap formers M/C: ye: Former: ‘Machine description & 7 There are 3 creels. 3 machine. Here, 48-00 slivers(ir ata time.* Calender roller \. Sim & +— Creel \¢ Mh ‘Sliver | | | i__| , > iver -20 sliver 46-20 sliver Wy vy ip \y \ Tl iT Biciune ee Spool : Cet “Roller = = ns ¢ Teri | SH Fd Y After drafting the webs are led through the pairs of calendar — rollers and along a table where they are superimposed. Calendared and made into a lap. ¥ Stop motions are fitted to all rollers including the calendar rollers and an indicating light is fitted. ” ¥ Here doffing of full laps and threading are fully automatic. M/c specification : =D . Draft 38 Doubling upto 32 Lap wt/yd 700-1200 gr/yd Total weight upto 25 kg, Delivery speed 70-110 m/min Efficiency 95% “capacity 7 comber/lap former _Advantage : i Soe : ee a feature/ Attachments of modern lap former: —— —_ho . a BHAA AH Sliver lap » Object of card slivers 0 + 20 slivers depending, UPON the v required to be produce. Machine Description and m i.e. sliver are passes through the u ¥ Increase wt / unit length. ¥ Minimize wil/unit length variation. ¥ Increase uniformity. ard Auto doffing for full laps. at doffing Auto stop motion 4 at sliver breakage at lapping oF Auto grain adjuster. " Auto leveling. Auto lap carrying device. Indicator light for faulty location. Lap length measuring unit. ye raachine is to produce a narrow lap froma number of «fame slivers. The machine is made to take 16- width and weight/yard of the lap 4 aterial passage: in this machine material following passages:- Each sliver passes through a hole in the guide plate placed at M the back end to the machine. ‘ Then they are passed over special spoons. . Then the slivers are guided over a v-shaped feed table which ether in the order in which they lie in the lap. brings them tog’ Then the slivers are passed through 3 pairs of draft rollers.6. |< Anebating totter Vood roller | 4— Feed table il \ oratting tert rollers \ Calender ¥ collers hy «— Lap winder Spool |__| Bobbin Due to draft in the drafting zone the fibers become straightened as all slivers pass side is side creating web. After leaving the web table the lap sheet runs through 2 pairs of calendar rollers which compress it in toa sheet. The sheet of cotton is then wound onto a wooden spool bobbin with the help of two fluted lap winders. During winding on spool bobbin considerable pressure is applied so that a long length of compressed lap can be obtained, The full lap stop motion immediately stops the machine when the required length of lap has been rolled on the spool. Ribbon Lap Machine: The machine description and material passage of ribbon lap machine is mentioned below: E,1. The lap from the sliver lap machine is creeled here. This lap is unwound and fed to drafting rollers. is) Ribbon lap machine is actually used to increase we/unit length and uniformity of the lap obtained from sliver lap machine. 3, In ribbon lap machine 6-8 laps are fed. They form a web of same width but more thickness then doubling and drafting, is done. 4, Two wooden fluted feed rollers are used to unwind the lap. w Generally 3 over 3 or 4 over 4 drafting system are employed in this machine. 6. After drafting the lap is emerged out in web form passes via deflector plate’s web tables and calendar rollers. 7. Here 2 pairs of calendar rollers are employed to compress the lap. 8. Thus comber lap is obtained and it is rolled on a spool bobbins Two fluted rollers are responsible to obtains a compact lap bobbin. Lap from Sliver Lap machine Wooden: IL ic Drafting roller i Calender roller os Wooden eat Spool \ { » neiple of combing / Sequence of combing : Cycle: 4) Lap feeding by feed roller: The lap is fed into the machine | between the feed roller and feed plate. The feed roller moves and the material passas forward. 51$2 b) Lap nipping by nipper: The nipper moves downward towards the feed plate so that the fibres are Cylinder is then ready for combing, clamped between then,d) ¢) (con) 4, cas Combing by cylinder: the fibres protruding from the lap beyond the nipping point of the two plates are combed by the passage of rows of needles fastened to a cylinder which revolves and carries away the short fibres, neps and other imputities Nipper openns and forwarding: The nipper opens again and move towards the detaching roller. Detaching roller backward movement: When the nipper gets forwarding, motion to detaching, roller, the detaching rollers have returned part of previously drawn off stock by = 538) h) val means of a reverse rotation so that the back of the detaching device. Combing by the top comb: Before the start of detaching operation the top comb lowers ils single row of needles ito the fibre fringe. As the fibres are pulled through the needles of the top comb during, detaching, the trailing, part of the fringe is comber. Thus the top comb does performs the combing operation on the upper side of the fringe. Detaching roller forward movement: ‘The detaching rollers begin to rotate in the forward direction again and draw the clamped fibres out of the sheet which is held fast by the feed rollers. Waste extraction by the brush: wine diagram of combing M/C: 0 { M/C specification]: 54 d hits fo ¢ : ZETA Lop Fellas Cushion plaie. - O Top ni ppee lap Tep cab — Debsehing Rites ” J delroy fe sh tem npr MWlindes conby Cituley comb Feed/nip 6-8 mm (5mm) Nips/min 200-450 (400) Lap wt 800-1200 grains/ yd (1000) NoofHead 8 Noil% 8-25% (15%) Efficiency 90-95% (93%)¢ the combing operation : 43, Raw material: + Fibre type Fibre length —+ Uniformity of fibre length — Fibre Stifiness. — Moisture content. Material preparation ; Y Parallelization of the fibre. Y Sheet thickness. ¥ Sheet evenness. Y Orientation of the hook. ¢ Tailing hook - 56% # Leading hook — 15% @ Straight fibre —» 20% @ Bothend hook — 15% 3. Factors associated with the m/c: Ss Condition of the m/c. Y Condition of the can. ¥ Speed. Y Orientation of the comb. Y Accuracy of the setting. Drafting arrangement and Graft 4. M/C setting = Ss ‘Type of feed Detachment setting. Point density of the comb. ss 5.5 SN Depth of penetration of the top comb, Y Piecing. + 5. Atmospheric condition = ¥ Relative Humidity (RH)¥ Moisture Regan (MR) ¥ Room temperitare v M/c. / ; i vy! yi a1 aowhe In comber outside the cylinder shatt, av he I \ finde wheel — a . HO ta names as Ides w attached with i equal par so _ © during working of cormber . There is a pointer vel. THis always char on it to indicate the index number. yo et bmnbing ste 3 5 cay (OAR wires gq Nipp? ws Various motion of comber m/c and_its timing such as nipper , cylinder , top comb, roller and different setting and adjustments are “done by different index number. "+ “With the reference of index number , Nipper comb , eylinder and _ conjugative position , motion and adjustment limit are selected. Function of indea wheel : 1. The consecutive position , motion and adjustment limit of nipper , comb, cylinder etc are selected with the reterence of Index number. . 2 Difterent settings of comber are arranged with the reference of index number,1. Te produce finer yarn high draft is required but it there remains short fibre wy tibre strands ugh draft can not be imparted .so by combing, process short fibres Jhooked fibres ete are removed. thus the strands becomes prepared to be imparted higher dratt 2. Vor producing tiner yarn, the staple length of fibre should be more by combing process , short fibre below a pre selected length are removes. by the remaining, longer fibres, fir yarn production become possible 3, For finer yarn count , better and highe: twist distributions necessary . as weight increases yarn strength .but short fibres can not contain more Lbwist .s9 by combing these short fibres are removes from the above dis var that combing, process increase the spinning, value of fibres \Nepstremoval efficiency: neps removal efficiency is expressed as NRE% NRE%= -sliver neps “laps HEPS 51 gg= Neps removes from. 199 neps remain in lap Neps remaining in lap lap/neps remaining in lap “100 the amount if neps are determined by AFIS. if in the combing eps removal efficiency is less then 50% then itis considered that there is problem in m/c setting so it should be more than 50% in carding, , ne ps removal efficiency should be more than 50% should be more than 7 in carding , heps removal efficiency NRI medium degree of combing, (25-14Ne —NR 50% super (7= is the performance of comber 440; fine (45- 75Ne) 76NE) -- 60%; double combing, : T3%0Different setting gauge: aching roller o AA. gauge lor setting, cylinder to det / fuses: ui i} a. fasten the cylinder to their shafts 7 b. fastening the screws and the cylinders in the middle of each head. 2. Step gauge of setting feed pl nippers knives ale to steel! detaching rollers and uses: a. noil extraction will be more b, combing cycle will be done (a SO p= 3. 32 inch trowel gauge lor setling top detaching rper parallel to the top comb 4. 25/100 inch trowel gauge for setting, nipper knives to cylinder needle 5. Uses acombing cycle. 6 6. | 000 inch gauge for setting depth of top comb needle 7. Top comb angle setting yauge 8. Distance setting gauge for setting brash shaft to cylinder shaft , 609 Hauge tor setting top can nicedles to steel detaching, roller {he amount of noil (Noi © Short fibres (neps mpurities) vr trarted dunng, combing expressed in percentages 1 called degree of combing, Degree of combing, depends on the end use of yarn ve of combing: types of combing, on the basis of deg) © HAL combing - Noil% upto 8% * Ordinary combing - Noil"% 9-15% ¢ Full combing, - Noil% 16-18% © Double combing, - Noil' 19-25% Na of degree of combing or noil extraction: 17 1. Amount ol short fibre ay the raw cotton: If the row cotton contains a huge amount of short fibre , a high degree of combing, becomes necessary to get a high amount of noil extraction for good quality yarn _ Production quality: For good quality of yarn , the amount of noil should be present in limited range. but passing If range of noil , not found of good quality yarn. up to 25% noi! , yarn 1 strength , lusture are gradually increased but after that not increase of strength 3. Production cost: Higher degree of combing removed higher noil % where production becomes slow at the same time the productior cost be come higher phan ht . ; Main spon oto (DP mies ids to meres = v kA Nive and detaching roller OP decrease the nol Vy ty Finetion: control waste 7 \U* 61‘or wider setting, ------ waste increase but Effect of chany; the wt of produced sliver reduced and quality yood i e reduce but wtof for narrow setuny produced sliver increase and quality comparatively reduce 2. Cylinder needle and nipper function: combing, operation effect of change: for narrow setting --—--fibre embedded to cylinder needle . 3. Top comber gauge: Top comb and detaching, roller function: combing operation for wider setting: -—- waste recluced quality hampered for narrower setting ----wasle increased but quality is pood b. Top comb & Nipper: For wide> Noil extraction? quality high, production hampered. 4. Brush setting: function: extraction of waste actually Effect of change: for wider setting ---------- increase lendency to be blont if ~ reduce the tendency of the for closer setting- blunt / woe sok [ittest of comber setting on noil extraction > 7 c es 7 vi 1. Effect of detachment setting: The distance between thee leading edge of the feed plate and the nip of the detaching roller close setting for the same slaple length will reduce the A2.noil extraction% rie ihats ction’ and vice versa when the setting 1 wider Lor the particular type np Elfect of c i fect of top comb setting: The amount of waste extracted cal o adjus' i in aco be adjusted by alternating the position of top comb, combing operation will be proper and the nuil extraction will be high. If-it is se sc i Y-it is set closer to the nippers , the waste extraction will be ZF lowes J lower a y syactors influences the comber setting: eI ‘ ZY staple length of fibreT dd : ple length of fibreT (+) feed plate and detaching roller distance higher , 2 tion's 1(+) top comb and detaching roller distance less 3 production rateT(+) if noil mul feed rate (feed / min) is higher 4 production quality?(+) if the noil extraction’(*) 7, production rate(-)Y 2 noil ex Maintenance of comber: 1. Frequency of resetting: if the comber is used under constant . combin; cked and adjusted if necessary g condition s for long runs, the setting should be che resetting, may be done as follows a. for | shift -every 12 month b. for 2shift- c. for 3 shift —-----every three menth 2. Lubrication: To obtain the best result fi ient system if clearing, oiling and m m depends on the following factors .-—-every six month rom the m/c, it is essential to establish on aintenance lubricating syste a. condition of the mils b. quality of the fibres available of man power gd. noof m/c3 care ol needles. 633, Care of needles: all the needles should be inspected every , seven says, needle thatare bent can be straightened with « ; pair of flat nosed pliers. needles should be changed after production ot $00— 1000 tons ; 4. care of detaching rollers: A part from the accident ,rofler covering should remain serviceable for several thousand hours. covered rollers that appear to be soft and flabby should be sent immediately for recovering to avoid inferior — “work and to reduce excessive waste Combir I Je Cutting Across : thick and thin place across the width of the — web Causes: : Y¥ Incorrect roller setting, excessive draft, roller slip or loose drafting roller Y Incorrect timing of detaching rollers ¥ Top comb set deeply . ¥ Top comb touching the back detaching roller Y Requirements of lubricating, in top detaching roller Y¥ Stretching on the web in the sliver condensing plate Curling: when group of the fibres curl as they leave the detaching roller Causes: ¥ Incorrect timing of detaching roller cam Y Faulty top detaching roller covering Y Dirt in flutes of the steel detaching roller ¥ Excessive air current Y Excessive brush speed 3, Cotton coming through at one head: Causes: ¥ Improper gearing of paw! with ratchet 64Y Incttective bite between nippers ¥ Requirements lubrication on back covered detaching, roller ¥ Foreign matter accumulation in Aipper jaws » 3 Detaching roller lapping: Causes: ¥ Oil on roller ¥ Sticky dirton roller ¥ Detective roller setting ¥ Improper Atmospheric Condition 5. Irregular slive Detective wearing or cylinder or top comb Variation of noil extraction Improper pr Improper setting of drafting zone ure in drafting roller SNS 8 Y Diameter variation of r/r 6. Long fibre in the waste: Y Faulty pre comber draft Y Faulty lap preparation method ¥ Improper nipping Y Defective back covered detaching roller Y Foreign matter wedge between nipper jaws 7. Waste flocking on needles: f Y Brush loose on shaft Y Brush set too far from cylinde! Y Bent of cylinder needle Reasons: 1. Long fibre in the noil /waste: Causes: Y Ifcylinder needle performs combing, befure holding of feed lap in the nipper Y Proper speed adjustment a of cylinder and detaching 65ist comb detached fringe goes gg with the new fibre fringe jit linder needle .as ta result , roller ie when the backward for mixin incomes in contact with cy! qi ; > fibre is found in the noil waste ; v eons of trailing hook in feed fibre fringe, nipper can not catch it, as a result ,in spite of long fibre ,come to the noil | ¥ If proper or not parallel gripping of nipper and cushion plate Y For defect back over of detached roller, detaching roller can not hold the fibre fringe. As a result , during top combing , some long fibres come in noil 2. Short Fibre In Combed Sliver Causes: Y Fibre breakage during detaching Y If excessive amount of short fibres in feed sliver , these can not controlled properly during detaching Y If the gripping of cushion plate and nipper is not parallel during detaching , for warding can hold the short fibres .as a result , these short fibre goes to the comber sliver Object of pre comb drawing: Y To parallelize the hooked fibres ¥ To reduce the loss of long fibres Y To convert the leading hook into trailing hook Y To remove short fibres Backward feeding: The lap is fed whilst the nipper is rocking ‘backwards i.e. after detaching but before the circular comb the fringe of fibre_immediately after detaching , the length of the fibre fringe protruding from the nipper amount to L mm. the length of the fringe p is increased further by the amount A fed before the 66 + unto tnetersaction of the circular st SORse quently not presented te the oe theoretically all tibne er “s ‘ gHpped bv the nupyps a ehoald: pow = - : nen anal subse Title peassed ity to the ie atet when t ftchs forward ayaa tt Dee tenep emt altered way so that all bers steed Dy the detaching roller position the waste percentage may thus be calcul WeAT) ! Pee = 106 Forward fe Getaching roller during detaching, the 1 the mipper has a length | when the nip tror there fore all fibres are shorter then Lo are passed in the waste the mth es extracted U comb and subsequently ards again and during, detaching, ro Ripper swings tone. into the shiver Hanon of the waste percentage of therefore pertormed the ce according to the following formula A (Le) P%= —+—-- 100 ! Fe maumam fibre length here, P%ewastaye percents AS feed per nips L=detaching distance 67\ | Difference be 1. the mtlis food during, the forward motion of nipper towards the detaching, roller during detaching, 2, all the fibres shorter than Loare extracted by the circular comb and subsequently passed into Waste 3. all the fibres longer than L+A are seized by the detaching roller and passed into the sliver 4. less waste percentage(S-- 16%. nD + more wastages(24.5%) » the lap i is feed whilst sete | nipper is roc king, \ backwards ic. after | detaching but before the circular comb combs | a: . all the fibres shorter than | L+A are extracted by the circular comb and Passed | | into waste . all tie fibre longer than [. | are sized by the circular comb and passed into the | waste 5. Sit not produce a ~~ ifference Between Carded ¥. Carded yarn 5. it produces a cleaner | cleaner sliver combed sliver | 6. feed amount 4.9 and 5.2 6. 6.0 and 6.5 | mm 7. equation 7. equation oa pyy= (FAR) | | P%= «100 FF x10 Po ‘arn And Combed Yarn: | 1. carded yarn is obtained without combing, 2. short fibre is more i carded yarn 3._ irregular fibre in nm + combed y, . Short fibre i is less in y. - tegular fibre Combed yarn } arn is obtained by combing, ‘amCarded yarn mbed yarn [ 4. low smooth ness 5. quality of carded not better than combed. yarn | 4. strength is high 5. better yarn Difference between blow room lap and comer la I Blow room lap Comber lap 1. Short hbre high 1. Short fibre I: | 2. Uniformity low 2. Uniformity high | | 3. Trash high 3. Trash low 4. Impurities high 4. Impurities low | 5. Lap length ----- 50-60 yds | 5. 6. Lapwt 40-50 Ib 6. Lap wt 18-20 kg 7. Lap hank .0011-.0019 7. Lap hank .0075 -.009 Ne S Lap wt /yds 1216] 8 Lap wt /yds 700-1100 ounce grains. 9. Lap width Im 9. Lap width 300 mm Mechanism of comber: 1. Feed mechanism 2. Nipper movement mechanism 3. Top comb mechanism Properties of fibre: 1. Fibre length a. Staple length b. Effective length c. 2.5% effective length d. 50% effective length i. Top detaching roller movement mechanism 69e. Uniformity ratio f. Mean length g Uhnl 2 Fibre strength? psi-—— 70000-110000 3, Fineness: mic —3.5--5 4. Colour: Rd---yellowish B+ —-whiteness 5, Trash content: 7 -8% avg 6% 6. Maturity. 7. Fibre elongation. uf. w Problem Problem 1:if nip/min= 220, no of head=8, feed/nip =7mm, lap wt =1000 grains/ydseff% = 90% , noil =15%. calculate pro/day/comber=? . solve: : production =nip/min * feed/nip* no of head*feed lap we*eft * 100-15 seo04 MK SP Moveftrel Le 7 eee a a = 7000* 100* 10*2.54*36 2 p> | 5 ~~ ie WE aby : 2120.315 LB/DAY ya pene : ‘oblem: 2 Seyime 2lae , ia pK lculat ‘ : ie ving oe Predustion per day of a combing m/c running with ] particulars — feed lap wt= 1100 grains/yds, nips/min = ; 400 ,no of combing head = * : Wefevesos, g head = 8, noil extraction = 17%, feed/nip =5 mm solution: i Prodution 400°5*8*1100*(100-17)*.9*60*24 100*10*2.54* " 3 = 2957.75 lb/ day 7000* 100*36 4 70 ‘Problem 03: Find out the no of comber m/c to produce 10000 Ib/day of 4 un count semi combed (50:50) yarns when nips /min =380; feed nip =8; lap wt= 1000 grain/ yds, no of head /frame = 8: noil% =15; offy =90% 380°5*1000°8* 16°2.54°36"70004 100 =2615,97 Ib/comber/ day no of comber required= 10000/2615.97 =3,82=4 Total 4 comber will be required «problem (4 anyina the no of modern comber that feed_by a lap former Thaving, the Particulars lap production rate 5000 to/ydpap whe production = 1000 grain /yds; nips/min = 400, length feed/—nip = 4.8 mm, assumed all the other parameter - _ solution: dap ) = fim, Lb/y hh ‘ Fe : let, Fed fy 4 Yoh. 05 ney = 90% /owY 2.54 ¥ 36 . 2 ettic waste/noil = extraction= 15% coidioltien _ 40074.870,94 00-1 3*8*1 100 (60'S 7000* 1 0*2.54436* 100 syhet 6 =921.28 - Pe =5000/921.28 sth 4 ‘na of comber ind out the production per hour at a combing running 300, feed/nip= 5.4 mm, lap feed= 64 k tex, no Problem 05 particular nips/ min of head=8, noil extraction= 16%; effy= 85% 79 kp/day =35.53 kg/hr solve: Problem 06: Find out the production per hy at particular /min= 180; feed/nip=4.5 mm; feed lap hank =0.0095, no of head= nip, itS; effy 885%, noil = —180e60" +100-15'8 solution 7 page sd0* 10° 2.54*36 Problem 07: Find Out required DCP to produce 3.4 Ktex sliver from ” 64 ktex comber lap,the comber m/¢ particulars are as the following , no the head =8, no of delivery =2; noil extraction = 15%, draft constant=1696 ~ solution: delivery count*no of doubling feed count *no of delivery - _ 65*8 3482 =75.3 mechanical draft =actual draft*400-15/100 =64.43 draft canstant = mechanical draft*DCP so, DCP =1696/ 64.43 =26T Actual draft=Ring Frame Punetion ar task of ring frame: ¥ to attenuate the roving, to form yarn of the required count/ fineness of yarn by drafting, ¥ toimpact strength to the fibre strand by twisting ¥ towind up the resulting yarn on to bobbin Y to build up the yarn on to bobbin in form of a suitable ~ for storage, transportation and processing, Operation involved in ring frame Following Operation Are Involved: ~~" The I Creeling, Il Twisting IV Winding Vv Building, VI Doffing 1 Creeling Roving, bobbin is fitted on the top of the m/c on the cree! on both sides of the ni/c. creel helps to freely rotate of roving bobbin and hold such that roving feed to the drafting zone on tension Tivo types of creel 1 Umbrella types ¥ Ball bearing is used for smooth running. Y Mostly used ~{¥ Modem type creel. ¥ Useable to double roving. Y Large size package used. ¢ Sed top ore en woth orele wc retele oct bo Ge. ned we ne oe# Rofins devia Basa 4 doh A 4 Fig: Stewey type Fig: Umbnatla -hypo ens! i Skewer type: Y Conventional type creel Y Risk of roving breakage Y Rotate easily and negatively driven : _Diatting: Drafting operation reduces wt per unit length of roving « roving comes from the bobbin are passed through the drafting zone which may be of apron drafting systeny/in apron drafting system , fibre controlling system is better so itis widely used draft = break draft*draft bet middle and front roller : =draft between B&F roller =SS. of front roller/ SS. of back roller wisting: Spiral turns are inserted along the fibre axis .it increase c strength .the traveler which helps to insert twisting yarn , gets drive indirectly from spindle _ Winding: After twisting the yarns are wound ona suitable package, layers of yarn are wound properly are above another on the ty “package. Itshould be suitable for unwinding a-hanter tation 44 te _ Building: For proper size and shape of the package the bobbins re“ “lifted gradually, The resultant bobbins are conical shape full bobbin 14Attor the requited length of yarn ts wound on the pack the m/e is Mopped | Dotting is wound on the packaye the m/c is the process of replacing the full bobbin by anempty bobbin N Block creeliny The num of the spindles ar the positions of spindle may be 80 or SO(short length) and 1008 to 960 (lary le nptin) and t he number of creek must be 2.4% if all roving bobbins , futte the creel are of same s Le. of same length tie bobbir eshausted at he same time whi h will cause m/e stoppaze production will become low In block creeling arrangement, the total numbe divided into several no of groups . then each group contains rov bobbin of same length but differs from adjacent group or blocks Example block or groups length of roving, Ist 500 yds 2nd 600 yds 3rd 900 yds thus all bobbin will not exhausted at the same time .so there id no m/c to stoppage and production goes on smoothly Advantage Y Toavoid m/c stoppage Y Tosave the time ¥ Tosave man power 3 ow 3 dulrg yon Regan dating SMC co yan Drafting, sain! wnlheat apron - {Soap lowel sinele rent! Sinele aero raved! Dratling will gzea Cipablinctis prance 18Mondera Dealting iysteny SKE TK 2205/2025 drafting, system = Beak Rates Brent Piller Gredg ns Nay \ = bemm__ Vp 1. Roller diameter: e front back Top rollers | 28mm 28 mn 25mm Bottom 28 mm 25 mm 25-27 mm , Roller pressure: front pair 10-18 dan middle pair 10-14 dan g2 a. back pair 12-16 dan ea fibre gripping , roller pressure should increased ¢ 3. top ro ler pressure system is pendulum arm with pneumatic s weighting /spring loaded or magnetic weighting system 4, Roller setting distance: co cradte | h{(mm) [ vf@nm) gf(mm) fibre length | f rm 50-60 7 53 60-70 max® 143 51 68 max 60 a5. total draft: up to 60 6. amount of break draft 12-14 7. apron always exit in front zone 8. better libre controlling is obtained Advantages, * No change of roller setting distance is required for any sinall change (2-3 mm) in fibre length * Factors of drafting arrangement on yarn quality: . ‘Type of drafting arrangement e Itsdesign ¢ Precise setting 2 Sel tion of correct individual elements ¢ Choice of appropriate draft Cop building /general formation of a ring frame: La 5 tod ainsi pe bies a i bebyi, Peving — Prring ge db — pr, tym wenstee tellecks Snail aisge f “g lapel 71yarn guiding device: 1, Lappets 2. Balloon control 3 separators Thread guide or Tappets: ; ; / Lappet is mounted directly above each spindle . It is designed to lead the yarn centrally over the spindle axis .the lappet consist ofa nail wire anda pivol able the length of the m/c. the rail along with lappet is raised and This traverse of lappet rail .also front roller to the bobbin thread guide ora 5 During winding yarn, lowered to control balloo facilities the easy passage of yarn form the pment quel mati wird. tb Suppa! asm a Ballon centr! ming n size. Spind {a Function: Y To maintain security of yarn Y To prevent yarns collision with adjacent yarns ¥ To prevent rubbing of yarn ¥ Easy passage of yarn from the front roller to the bobbin Fig: Baltoon Control iting 78¥ Tocontrol balloon size \_Batfoon control ring: The spindies used for yarn winding are The spacing between the ring and the thread relatively lor guide is correspondingly long. Thus it gives a high balloon This hi ‘ his hig! © problem and excessive yarn tension due to high air drag. To avoid this problem, balloon control rings are used between 3 at 4 °. This i ivi i lappet and ring. This balloon control rings divides the bigger balloon into too smaller sub-balloons ce of balloon control rings should be very smooth balloon cause: otherwise vara hairiness increases. This balloon control ring should se@ partici i should alse participate in up and down traverse movement with ring rail but with a shorter stroke length Separator: Ring: The rings are made of low carbon steel ix. soft steel or of ceramic in the form of a bar which modeled into ring shape either by bending and welding or by piecing and rolling the desired projection termed as ring Function of ring: I Ring circular run of the traveler I Itdtts asa high speed bearing surface of traveler IIL Avalso acts asa track of traveler / / . reature of a good ring: Aood ring should have the following feature I Best quality row mil IL Good but too high surface smoothness III Aneven surface IV. Exact round ness Vo Good running condition eler VI Good, even surface hardness, higher then travVIL Good operating lifetime / VIE Correct relationship between ring, and bobbin tube diameter IX Horizontal disposition X Itshould be exactly centered relative to the spindle Material for the spring: The ring should always be surface layer must have high 500-830 Vickers. the traveler hardness should have lower 650- 700 Vickers Surface smoothness is also important . it should be high or not too high since otherwise a lubricating film cannot build upon it. The following mils are used Y Flame or induction hardness steel ¥ Carbo-nitrided steel Y Nitrided steel ¥ Chrome steel tough and hard on its exterior. The and even hardness in the range 1. basic forms a. Lubricated rings (in woolen / worsted spg ) b. Un lubricated rings i. Single side ring ii. Double side ring 2. Anti-wedge shaped ring 3. The low-crown ring 4. Su-ring ngle sided rings: single sided rings must be replaced by new lew Si . o Been worn down y New ones after they haveb and used on the ering while the ided Rings m on one side can be turned over alter serves for mounting of th they wo as traveler guide second side the | first side is acting 2. Anti wedge ring: Pig- Anti-woege ring: don its upper vy High performance ring vy Enlarged flange inner side and flatte surface | The of form permitted use of traveler with 81 vy The changea lower centre of gravity ind precisely adopted bow/(elliptical traveler) whieh in’ term allowed operation at higher speeds Fig. The "loweroun" (conventional ring). ¥ upper surface flat ¥ more space for the passage of yarn so that the curvature of the traveler can also be reduced Y the centre of gravity is lowered Y itis today the most widely used ring form ¥ allcurrent traveler s shapes can be applied 1. Su-ring: ¥ higher taveler speeds but slight reduced in a traveler wear 82Y¥ This rin 1 a velopm ring is $5 R Y Large surface on surface of contact for the travelers on the inner lange and a degree of compensation of forces acting on the travelers, : , Factor, 1. for coarse count; bobbin dia(+), ring dia(+) for fine count; bobbin dia (-) ,ring dia(-) 2 «@ , in dia: (si : 2. empty bobbin dia: (size of the bobbin) larger the empty bobbin dia larger the ring dia 3. spindle speed: higher the spindle , higher the yarn tension. hence smaller should be the ring dia, other wise yarn breakage takes place 4. end use: for weft yarn , smaller ring dia for warp yarn, larger ring dia 5. lift of bobbin :the higher the bobbin lift , ring dia will be larger 6. spindle gauge : spindle gauge(+) ring size(+) 7. for the presence of separator in the frame , ring dia will be linch smaller them the m/ gauge and for absence of separator , ring dia will be 1.5inch smaller than the m/c gauge Selection of ring dia smalle Advantages ¥ Gives highe! Y Smaller gauge, more Y Lighter’ traveler used + spindle speed so higher production spindle per frame as an frictional resistance reduced. Y Used for higher count yarn 83Disadvantays 1, smaller yarn 2, more doffing’ ackage 3. more cost winding more knot Larger size ring, ¥ larger packs Y less dotfing elie cost v less knot nt ne: «less spindle speed * Less spindle speed. ¢ Higher gauge. ¢ Less spared/hr. ¢ Used for known lever count. Spindle speed Traveler speed s/t Ping da aig] neo | 12009 | ston | acon | reoco | 7am | rae | 190% | oxo. nz | ms | m5 | 39 | 33 nw | oo | 358 | Mo 372 | 398 ng | 39 | 39 | ms | ms | 8 ML | sa | 22 4 | 35 | 356 | 377 | 9g | 92 NY fave is the most tiny part made up of metal or plastic - Myichy ne = z through which yarn passes on its way form balloon controlling ring to the yarn packagy surface in ring spinning m/c, 84It is mounted on the ring, and is dragged round by the yarn. Durjng its rotational movement on ring itimpart twist on yarn ion of traveler: \ . Twisting the drafted strand of finer through the front roller 2. Winding of the yarn on the bobbin in proper way 3. Maintaining winding tension of the yarn by the friction ~#t resistance between the ring and traveler 4, Itacts as thread guide 5. It performs the functions of building motion and also maintains spinning tensions T; pes of travelers: wa. According toa c-traveler b. Flat- traveler c. Elliptical traveler d. N traveler d According to x-section of wire 1. Around traveler 2. Flat traveler 3, Semi circular traveler asteri both the ch as. Wire profile of the tr profile: inthueriee behavior of the traveler and wire contain ¥ are characteristics ¥ Contact surkace ¥ Smooth running ¥ ‘Thermal transler. ¥ Toughening effect. ¥ Tairiness. 4 flat wire types are preferred because a good seating of the ring For cotton, on the ring is achieved and the yarn is cleaned Ne €3B For catton only, best remedy for hairiness yarns and bobbins SS &€D for cotton , extremely wide traveler resulting in a very good TUL e ji i! ‘ : ae guidance , the iarge , surface allowing heat to be conduced away Tapidly for high performance SS for synthetic and blends. profile keeps yarn free from dam pe 86SSE for synthetics ynthetics, travel with around wire profile do not roughen the yarns for wool and synthetics for wool and Traveler mass: Traveler mass determine the magnitude of frictional forces between and the ring and these in turn determine the winding and balloon tension if traveler mass is too small ,the balloon will be too big and the cop too soft .an unduly high traveler mass leads to high yarn tension and may end breaks traveler number iso/ mass of 1000 traveler in gms Count 120 9 100 4 z 75 20 60 26 . 35 45 30 56 20 90 1b 100 The material of the traveler / good traveler :The traveler should be Y gencrate as little heat a possible 87pnerated heat from: the area ¥ quickly distribute the where it, develops over the whole valume of the traveler ¥ transler this heat rapidly to the ring and the to air Y beelastic so that the traveler not break as it is pushed on the ring, ¥ exhibit high wear resistance Y be some what less hard then the ring because the traveler must wear away in use in preference to the ring. Optimal Running Conditions of Ring And Traveler Depends ea Mls of the ring and traveler Surface characteristics The forms of both elements Wear resistance Smoothness of running, Running conditions Fibre Lubrications SQS.8 HARKS fy a for selection of a traveler: ~/ Yarn count: finer the yarn count, lower he traveler weight Le. Traveler weight t tensionTcount? traveler! 2.__ Spindle speed: if the spindle is higher then the yarn tenting will be high’So lighter tension should be used to minimize the tension i.e. Spindle speed?, yarn tension f traveler + 3. _Ring dia : for same spindle speed and yarn count . ring dia increases , yarn tension high , frictional area Tso traveler | should be lighter ring diaTbobbin diatyam tension 7 | travelert ‘ 4, Empty bobbin dia: when empty bobbin dia increases eo > 88 aydvinding angle increases , hence yarn tension decrease . Is heavy traveler should be used : — 5. Lift of the bobbin : for same count and spindle speed , if the bobbin lift is higher ,the bobbin length is higher Gdyam tension increase hence traveler wt should be less * 6. Cross section of traveler: . lor flat, frictional areaT traveler wet for semi circular; frictional areal travelerT for circular , frictional area + travelerT 7. Ring condition: if the ring is old or bad. Then traveler wt should ne less band and old ring Ttraveler wt §. M/condition: if the m/c is oils then the m/c will be vibrate then traveler wt 4 9, Traverse length: traverse length T balloon loomtyam tension? traveler weight). Variation in the speed of the traveler: The wing, dia in ring spg frame changes continuously with raising and lowering in the ring rail. The traverse must have different speed at the base and tip Assuming for example: Speed of spindle =13500 rpm Déliver of spindle =15 m/min Traveler speed at the base will be ny 21350-15000 =) 3396/min 46IT And at the end of the tip 13000 _} 3309/min 2517 In comparison with the speed of the spindle difference of 0.77-1.14 n, =13500- the traveler has a 89Spind bleds Leck / gues pin whanve' Bols toa cog orl beasing fig2 Varisus pea’ of a pind e/Pindle is the third most important machine element following the draft arrangement and the ring /traveler combination. the spindle is capable of speeds up to 28000 rev/min but this maximum speed can not be exploited commercially because of the limited traveler speed parts of spindle: Ow ‘spindle blade performs conjunction between ee spindle and bobbin is placed on spindle 1 blade ~_lock_prevents the spindle from coming out with bobbin “wharves is the place of the spindle, connected to ropes or belts or any other driving mechanism to get drive ¥ insert or bolster is the lower part of spindle which is connected with bearing and acts as a bearing of spindle blade ' Y bearing helps to move the spindle smoothly 90Y bolster case is used for containi ' te " i ,, /agent taining lubrication I duce icti } to reduce the friction from metal to metal to avoid the damping effect Function of spindle: Fo hold the bobbin tightly to prevent sl fh ee ioe lacking during its revolution, ' 2 I To help in winding on to bobbin. Capacity of ring frame mainly determined by the no of Spindle drive: basically three type spindle can be distinguished 1. Tape drive 23 Tangential belt drive 3. Direct drive 5 1. Tape drive: tape drive can! be further considered under the heading, single spindle drive and group dzive in four spindle*tape drive two spindle on one side of the m/c and a further two spindle on the opposite sides , in running form the one m/c side to the other, the tape passes around a drive pulley one or two tension rolls ensure even firm tension of the drive tape ¥ z 2 in this drive a belt extends from the 91 2. Tangential drive +