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2018, Oil & Natural Gas Corporation acquired the entire (Chairman & MD)
51.11% stake of Hindustan Petroleum Corporation. Products Petroleum
Natural gas
LNG
Contents Lubricants
History Petrochemicals
Foundation to 1956 Electricity
1961 to 2000 Owner Government of
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History
Foundation to 1956
Until 1955, private oil companies mainly carried out exploration of hydrocarbon resources of
India. In Assam, the Assam Oil Company was producing oil at Digboi (discovered in 1889) and Oil
India Ltd. (a 50% joint venture between Government of India and Burmah Oil Company) was
engaged in developing two newly discovered large fields Naharkatiya and Moraan in Assam. In
West Bengal, the Indo-Stanvac Petroleum project (a joint venture between the Government of
India and Standard Vacuum Oil Company of USA) was engaged in exploration work. The vast
sedimentary tract in other parts of India and adjoining offshore remained largely unexplored.[5]
In 1955, the Government of India decided to develop the oil and natural gas resources in the
various regions of the country as part of the Public Sector development. With this objective, an Oil
and Natural Gas Directorate was set up towards the end of 1955, as a subordinate office under the
then Ministry of Natural Resources and Scientific Research. The department was constituted with
a nucleus of geoscientists from the Geological Survey of India.[5]
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A delegation under the leadership of the Minister of Natural Resources visited several European
countries to study the status of the oil industry in those countries and to facilitate the training of
Indian professionals for exploring potential oil and gas reserves. Experts from Romania, the Soviet
Union, the United States and West Germany subsequently visited India and helped the
government with their expertise. Soviet experts later drew up a detailed plan for geological and
geophysical surveys and drilling operations to be carried out in the 2nd Five Year Plan (1956–
61).[5]
In April 1956, the Government of India adopted the Industrial Policy Resolution, which placed
Mineral Oil Industry among the schedule 'A' industries, the future development of which was to be
the sole and exclusive responsibility of the state.[5]
Soon, after the formation of the Oil and Natural Gas Directorate, it became apparent that it would
not be possible for the Directorate with its limited financial and administrative powers as a
subordinate office of the Government, to function efficiently. So in August 1956, the Directorate
was raised to the status of a commission with enhanced powers, although it continued to be under
the government. In October 1959, the commission was converted into a statutory body by an act of
the Indian Parliament, which enhanced powers of the commission further. The main functions of
the Oil and Natural Gas Commission subject to the provisions of the Act were "to plan, promote,
organize and implement programs for development of Petroleum Resources and the production
and sale of petroleum and petroleum products produced by it, and to perform such other functions
as the Central Government may, from time to time, assign to it ". The act further outlined the
activities and steps to be taken by ONGC in fulfilling its mandate.[5]
1961 to 2000
ONGC became a publicly held company in February 1994, with 20% of its equity were sold to the
public and eighty per cent retained by the Indian government. At the time, ONGC employed
48,000 people and had reserves and surpluses worth ₹104.34 billion, in addition to its intangible
assets. The corporation's net worth of ₹107.77 billion was the largest of any Indian company.
In 1958 the then Chairman, Keshav Dev Malaviya, held a meeting with some geologists in the
Mussoorie office of the Geology Directorate where he accepted the need for ONGC to go outside
India too in order to enhance Indian owned capacity for oil production. The argument in support
for this step, by LP Mathur and BS Negi, was that Indian demand for crude would go up at a faster
rate than discoveries by ONGC in India.
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Malaviya followed this up by making ONGC apply for exploration licences in the Persian Gulf. Iran
gave ONGC four blocks and Malaviya visited Milan and Bartlseville to request ENI and Phillips
Petroleum to join as partners in the Iran venture. This resulted in the discovery of the Rostum
oilfield in the early 'sixties, very soon after the discovery of Ankleshwar in Gujarat. This was the
very first investment by the Indian public sector in foreign countries and oil from Rostum and
Raksh was brought to Cochin where it was refined in a refinery built with technical assistance from
Phillips.
2001 to present
In 2003, ONGC Videsh Limited (OVL), the division of ONGC concerned with its foreign assets,
acquired Talisman Energy's 25% stake in the Greater Nile Oil project.[6]
In 2006, a commemorative coin set was issued to mark the 50th anniversary of the founding of
ONGC, making it only the second Indian company (State Bank of India being the first) to have
such a coin issued in its honour.
In 2011, ONGC applied to purchase 2000 acres of land at Dahanu to process offshore gas.[7] ONGC
Videsh, along with Statoil ASA (Norway) and Repsol SA (Spain), has been engaged in deep-water
drilling off the northern coast of Cuba in 2012.[8] On 11 August 2012, ONGC announced that it had
made a large oil discovery in the D1 oilfield off the west coast of India, which will help it to raise
the output of the field from around 12,500 barrels per day (bpd) to a peak output of 60,000 bpd.[9]
In November 2012, OVL agreed to acquire ConocoPhillips' 8.4% stake in the Kashagan oilfield in
Kazakhstan for around US$5 billion, in ONGC's largest acquisition to date.[10] The acquisition is
subject to the approval of the governments of Kazakhstan and India and also to other partners in
the Caspian Sea field waiving their pre-emption rights.[11]
In January 2014, OVL and Oil India completed the acquisition of Videocon Group's ten percent
stake in a Mozambican gas field for a total of $2.47 billion.[12]
In June 2015, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) gave a ₹27bn ($427m) offshore contract
for the Bassein development project to Larsen & Toubro (L&T).[13]
In February 2016, the board of ONGC approved an investment of ₹ 5,050 crore in Tripura for
drilling of wells and creation of surface facilities to produce 5.1 million standard cubic feet per day
gas from the state's fields.[14]
On 19 July 2017, the government of India approved the acquisition of Hindustan Petroleum
Corporation by ONGC.[15]
Operations
ONGC's operations include conventional exploration and production, refining and progressive
development of alternate energy sources like coal-bed methane and shale gas.[16] The company's
domestic operations are structured around 11 assets (predominantly oil and gas producing
properties), 7 basins (exploratory properties), 2 plants (at Hazira and Uran) and services (for
necessary inputs and support such as drilling, geo-physical, logging and well services).[16]
Subsidiaries
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ONGC Videsh Limited (OVL) is the international arm of ONGC. It was rechristened on 15 June
1989. The primary business of ONGC Videsh is to prospect for oil and gas acreages outside India,
including exploration, development and production of oil and gas. It currently has 38 projects
across 17 countries. Its oil and gas production reached 8.87 MMT of O+oEG in 2010, up from
0.252 MMT of O+OEG in 2002/03. ONGC holds 100% stake in ONGC Videsh Limited.[4]
Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) is an Indian state-owned oil and natural gas
company with its headquarters at Mumbai, Maharashtra. It has about 25% market-share in India
among public-sector companies (PSUs) and a strong marketing infrastructure. Oil and Natural
Gas Corporation owns 51.11% shares in HPCL and others are distributed amongst financial
institutes, public and other investors.[17][18][19] The company is ranked 367th on the Fortune
Global 500 list of the world's biggest corporations as of 2016.[20] Prior to ONGC acquiring
majority stake in HPCL, the former was not in the list of Fortune Global 500 while the latter HPCL
was.
Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited is an oil refinery at Mangalore. MRPL has a
design capacity to process 15 million metric tons per annum and has 2 Hydrocrackers producing
Premium Diesel (High Cetane). It also has 2 CCRs producing Unleaded Petrol of High Octane.
ONGC Mangalore Petrochemicals Limited (OMPL) is an Indian company promoted by Oil and
Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) and Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited (MRPL).
Both ONGC and MRPL hold respectively 49% and 51% stake in the company.OMPL is a Subsidiary
Company of MRPL and also a PSU behalf of share pattern of OMPL. It was incorporated on 19
December 2006. The OMPL complex spans 442 acres of land in Mangalore Special Economic Zone
(SEZ). The project cost was estimated at ₹ 5750 crores. The complex is connected with MRPL
Refinery, from where they feed to the complex is supplied. It is 14 km away from the New
Mangalore Port and about 15 km from Mangalore International Airport.
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ONGC Sports
ONGC is holding many sport teams, such as athletics, badminton, basketball, boxing, chess,
cricket, cue sports, carrom, field hockey, football, kabaddi, shooting, table tennis, tennis, volleyball
and wrestling. Its football team, ONGC F.C., once played in Indian I-League.
The basketball team, in particular, is known internationally since several of the players of India's
national basketball team have played there. These players include Vishesh Bhriguvanshi, Amritpal
Singh, Yadwinder Singh, and others.
Joint Ventures
ONGC Tripura Power Company (OTPC) is a joint venture which was formed in September 2008
between ONGC, Infrastructure Leasing and Financial Services Limited and the government of
Tripura. It has developed a 726.6 MW CCGT thermal power generation project at Palatana in
Tripura which supply electricity to the power deficit areas of the northeastern states of the
country.[21] OTPC has 2 no 9FA machines supplied by GE USA.
ONGC Petro additions Limited (OPaL), a multi-billion joint venture company was incorporated in
2006, as a Public Limited Company under the Companies Act, 1956, promoted by Oil and Natural
Gas Corporation (ONGC) and co-promoted by GAIL and GSPC.
OPaL is setting up a grass root mega Petrochemical project at Dahej, Gujarat in PCPIR/SEZ. The
complex's main Dual Feed Cracker Unit has the capacity to produce 1100 KTPA Ethylene, 400
KTPA Propylene and the Associated Units consists of Pyrolysis Gasoline Hydrogenation Unit,
Butadiene Extraction Unit and Benzene Extraction Unit. The Polymer plants of OPaL has 2X360
KTPA of LLDPE/HDPE Swing unit, 1X340 KTPA of Dedicated HDPE and 1x340 KTPA of PP. All
the major contracts have been awarded and the construction is in full swing.
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Product Revenue
Crude oil 562.38
Gas 168.88
LPG 31.48
Naphtha 76.80
C2-C3 13.44
SKO 3.69
Others 1.59
Adjustments – 32.74
Total 825.52
As on 31 March 2013, Government of India held around 69% equity shares in ONGC. Over
480,000 individual shareholders hold approx. 1.65% of its shares.[27] Life Insurance Corporation
of India is the largest non-promoter shareholder in the company with 7.75% shareholding.[4]
Employees
As on 31 March 2017, the company has 33,600 employees, out of which 2,208 are women (6.57%)
and 245 are employees with disabilities (0.73%).[28]
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In 2011, ONGC was ranked 39th among the world's 105 largest listed companies in
'transparency in corporate reporting' by Transparency International making it the most
transparent company in India.
It was conferred with 'Maharatna' status by the Government of India in November 2010.[34] The
Maharatna status to select PSUs allows more freedom in decision making.[34][35]
In February 2014, FICCI conferred it with Best Company Promoting Sports Award.[36]
ONGC wins the "Greentech Excellence Award" for the year 2013 in Platinum Category
ONGC was ranked 82nd among India's most trusted brands according to the Brand Trust
Report 2012, a study conducted by Trust Research Advisory. In the Brand Trust Report 2013,
ONGC was ranked 191st among India's most trusted brands and subsequently, according to
the Brand Trust Report 2014, ONGC was ranked 370th among India's most trusted brands.[37]
ONGC is the title sponsor for the first edition of the Corporate social responsibility (CSR)
Award organised by Amar Ujala[38]
Controversies
Despite being owned by the government of India, ONGC has repeatedly been found not claiming
its rightful payments from private players, especially for the use of oil fields, oil rigs and
concessions.[39] However, due to widespread corruption in the company as well as the Indian
government, such reports, even when made by authorized government agencies are usually hushed
up. In 2012, reports surfaced highlighting the fact that ONGC had chartered an oil rig owned by
RIL in May 2009 (Dhirubhai Deepwater KG-1, also known as DDKG-1)without taking bids from
any other companies.[40]
ONGC was owed ₹ 92,000 crores from Reliance Industries Limited (Petrochemicals) for the use of
blocks of oil fields. This was highlighted by the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG),
the overseer of expenditures of the Indian Government. However, as of 2018, this outstanding
amount was still not paid by Reliance Industries Limited to ONGC.[41]
On 21 April 2021, three employees (Mohini Mohan Gogoi, Alakesh Saikia, Retul Saikia) of the
ONGC were allegedly abducted from Lakuwa field of Assam’s Sivasagar district.[42] Authorities
suspect that the banned United Liberation Front of Asom (Independent) is behind the
abduction.[43]
See also
List of companies of India
List of largest companies by revenue
List of corporations by market capitalization
Make in India
Forbes Global 2000
Fortune India 500
Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad
Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology
University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun
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13. L&T secures $427m offshore contract for Bassein gas field project from ONGC (http://www.offs
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ons/list_of_maharatna_navratna-and_miniratna) on 19 July 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
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42. "Three ONGC employees 'abducted' in Assam, ULFA-I suspected" (https://indianexpress.com/
article/india/ongc-employees-abducted-assam-7282475/). The Indian Express. 21 April 2021.
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43. "Ulfa abducts 3 ONGC personnel from Assam's Charaideo district - Times of India" (https://tim
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cleshow/82172941.cms). The Times of India. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
Further reading
"UPSTREAM INDIA Fifty Golden Years of ONGC" by ONGC group publications year 2006 is
official narrative of the history of ONGC.
Story of ONGC by I.A.Farooqi gives a historical account of Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
from its foundation to the year 2000.
External links
Official website (http://www.ongcindia.com/)
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