Jha fs the use ot a difremAnttor! equation ? the main pywese ot dhe diferent ecu ten #5 to cmeute dhe SumcHon over W's entire dometn. Ue is_used dosorihed dhe cupanenticll arouth crt deren’ cyst sbtime +1 ail ‘oO Predic i used in various field such aa phusice Chemistry Biolody prona mits 4 Sa mn: M taibyr= o2toabth® @ (ah: qbaabs 12 A) Cat hy2= a2 tach taayd3 (oP = (ath) G@Labbif) @) (0233) = (ah) (0%-ab4 42) al. Wy Eur fralic equation aw2thnt(= 9 a#0 eae a= bt SRaac | = {Tove a= -1 ~ cP 3 e744 = i ~3t4=o0 = a=! 1s me soot of — (By doy ¢ enter) -1[) -3 0 4 y ~) 4 4 [es an oll at 4ad4 = 0 5 f-2)? =0 2 N= 9,9 ,-1 paamples:- b+ @- E+ D AY dd y= 0 dt de @ 2d +mdd poy = 0%. nz he @ fy de Q Aa dH 4 dad = es cosm =o (Non linea) sate ©. (at de ctl se% (aan Iinene) iv ts dy + y* = e% (Non Mineo)equobicn be copes as An OMY + Gna QM] + --- $494 +494 = fn) S @parpdni arty. daotd)y = $a) —@ lel (a) = 4n94- Oh.) 9"! 4 449405 AN fos O © overaan Ts all cas_homoxmeous {.d-ea”. oli ti cana: Praj= -m O(n) = 0 an “Tolecsutind Sactert = pr mee amt ; ' yams (on + C Crue(9-2) -1 (D=2) = 0 (9-1) (9-2) = 0 —— => Dei2 Y= Cre% 4 Uy eo @iM=0 oxe(p-2)9=0) | | y= em] emencit it Wa=0 hos ro. mma Mn _¥oo5 chic qil_oom_cset!_omd _distines hem \ Y= Cs fee yg ots --- ¥Cne™™ ig the of dioi=o ! Cone T Then _éohutlon 15 Y= GoM ™ Hla MR 4 Cae te Cre Y= ye com) of 4 ~~ +(e 1eom=n =m my ----- im them Y= Ct tams Cm Del™ 4 Cy oY fey 6 HE and 60 om. Me M2 too yools one oepented femPY so +1 (o-m)a-m)y = {p-m) 4 = WL 2. O-mey = (d-m)u =o > ua ae] = ie2 (Q-miy =U 3 (d-m)Y¥ = Ce 7 > dy =m = ce —_conpaaing with Ay stray = aio ayn adem aos (eM 5 rn 4 STaledrading Sateen = efron = o ' gm | the Semenal saludo y. a= (gq sm, gn tK + =) a yet = nt Kk 4 Yi tn mt 4 ic gm = (cnt k) e® 4 cAhte (2516 __ Coe TI J Th me dtis dhen mas A-1P is disa ch Yoot of dual | coun dia)= 0 4 Ye 4 of TP" 4 foi 4 Since: ci@= cose +isin © eye Ge MolPM sco Orrell = ot*[ clo alm] = ARE ey Ceosp sisinbn) +62. (CAP = t5inp) ] = eh [leva tosta + (1G —iG)sinpr zBb+ Je uac 2a 6) @ray =0 “944 =0 — Caunillay ea”) | = netot | Loy = af, Ma= -af dao, Bod | { d= oP "[ Acoson+s sinan] 4 = Acos2n+ Bina = TL yo dae connelon & egeveniled memo = +1 P a Ma=my= vi 8 ie ? . t ‘thin the Solution 19" = 4 fa (olan) Pl + Cet ton) IP Y= | 19) ( (root vi sina) AGN) (COPA ine) ye etl] Gvort bot uye] Cospnt 4- [le -ita) {cerita sober fT (at Aa) cose (bo i Bea)sin paSr. Roots of the Equation CF. No. 1. | All roots are real and distinct =Ce + Ce" +... HC Myy My eeseeey My 2. | All roots are real and some are repeated =(C,+Cxje™ + Ce" + Ce +... + Ce m, =m, and ms, Mg so My 3. | Some roots are complex and some are real | = e™ (C, cos B x + C, sin B x) + Ce" + m, = @+ iB, m, = iB and my, m,, ...... Ing8 m, are real and distinct 2 4. | Some roots are complex and repeated =e™ [(C, + Cx) cos Bx + (C, + C, x) sin Bx] m, =m; =a@+iB;m;=m,=o-iBand | yce™*4 + Ce" Mg, Mg «-.+++»M, are real and distinct.®t Solve dhe following distention eaattems. hy + 3 dy 4 oy = 0 um de 7 = cuntllone) ested ern dea 7 at4a940 = 0 Aunillay eq | a =) Proornie = 0 a 5 S_9(942) +1 (ot) = 0 Root 6 ' 2: Ou (o40) = 0 | Saenz “sation san Ces Yor = OG B98! © (AY =0 hich to same as fy s1=0 vs (m-4)4 =0 ; day = dey 4 dd +44 =O Hada dy es — | Aunillayy eff: 1 (o4) =0 3 O-1=0 0 (oP 4)=O “sl, Mate Daj 9,-2 Yor = Cette Ge? = (9%4) (94) = 0 (duntlian|_ ea”) =) DI4=0 06. D1=0 “O2te , d=! thus, o= tof -27 om Yoots . er = Ce® + A Co52m+8 Stn2orD- 39-30 +4 = 9 * @ (9-3)-3(9-3) = 0 -- (0-3) (0-3) = 0 => _ 10=3,3 Pools om wal + aepented Yor = (G+ ComesN¥= 0 ‘Nant ecrmulan lo) = 076946 = 0 ___ Lou nots 0843912946 = 0 DLDi8)4 2 (013) = 0. = (o42) (943) = 0 * De-2,~3 @) dy -16y =O =) (ately =0 dd — | funny earis fmr= o%16 = 0 2 O16 & qa = at bb 4y = 0 [ee t(a%4oe4¥ =O \ Aunillayy ean [9 aP-49+4 = 0 => (-1)*=0 ' De 2,9eadly =o | (loony ean is d(n)= Gu) (8 D=0 = oH=0 t = =0 7 gus The fool one 9 ==1, 41, 1 iawn A ee (Cele e™+ 0% | @|(a2425)4 = 0 + Aunillan ean ig 2405 = 0 “the rools one 22-95 2 g= a5 0. a 20, Pas ces S{acosprt Boing] — OT Acossn + Bainsn] cee = Acosint Bainsn | | [( ors) Co-8) co4)]4 = 0 a0) [ Aunillay eis fo) = Gs) (9-8) (944s) =O b O+5=0 OF O-5=0 OF MPH=O | « O=-5, O25, O= ti thus 5mm "+e ca cee ( cacour Easivrn) Yor =15. [—%— gee X a rae [-sS- inh X Vere a ox _ digg 8** 7, | pig zava=x 20. faa dx VEER ot sx z zain'X a4, Naa de MEER fant — 3 cosh: ¥ $ cosh”’ < 23, fe™sinfox +o) dx=—2— ) dx = SF [a sin(bx + 0) —b cos(ox +o] 24, fo cos(ox +0) dx = 2 J +0) k= 2 pF [a cos(bx +c) +b sin(bx + ¢)] 25. fell) +f Oa] dx =e") 25. fey fo) ax = n+t 30. fuvdx=u yj vdx— j(u’ pv dx) dx Rules of Definite Integration : a a a 1 J 109 dx = ft09 d+ t-x) dx 0 0 -a 2a a a 3. J 109 dx = 109 dx-+ Jiea-») de oO 0 7 a 5 1 109 de= 2 J 109) dx Iff(9) is even * “| 0 ae o 1109) is odd Progressions : 4. Arithmetic Progression (A-P.): Numbers a, (a+), cat(n- 114 0) ()n®termT. ression (G.P.) Numbe' 2. f 2a, fot 31. Juve =uvy—u've + usu" Wat Ue a, (at). (at) (ar) 27. [ax = NFO) HD ae = fog 0) Tos ), f(x) dx= 0" a a 2. Jy ax= Jta-x & 0 ° 2a a 4. J toy ax= J1tey + f2a-01 ox ° o (a+ 2d), (a+ 3d) ..... are said to be A.P. then sum of n torms S, = {2a + (n— 1)d} are said to be G.P. then alt= a=) ang, 2 Geometric Prog! ern at (y__sumotnterms S, = A 5 Hyperbolic Functions * otset a ene" eee 2, coshe= 5 sinh x= tog ce VF} 4. sinh x=" 2 Peete 5, tanh x =p !097—x 4. cosh”' tog eNO Reduction formula : J cos" d= 2 J site d0= ° it kis 04 o 4 if i {geveem ‘m2 tina. 2 f eta o anal Yee F ontyitmnboth even Where k= { 1 Inother cases 2. B(mn)= J x™" (1=x)""" dx (m>0;n > 0) o 3. pions fg irae Properties of Beta and Gamma functions : Tm) Fen) 1. P(n +1) =nP(n) =n! (ifnis integer) 2. B(m,n)=B (n,m) Bim.n)= "Ti+ n) "2 1 4 “Poitocatow=to{Pet tet} 5 r(3) ave o Duplication formula : rm): ( m +2) - Tem) Series : xx a 7* Ley 2eydhy tanxexsder det edey s.. Taylor's Series : + Inascending powers of h : ° fhe-+h) =H) + fo) +E) +f” 0) + + Inascending powers of x (W)C) #3 Fm) AE) sae HAF) a © Inascending powers of (x — a) . 00) = Ha) + (x= a) f (a) + BSED 1 (a) ASAD (ay. Paton Qo00Quadratic Equation : lczand B are the roots then «+ Cubic equation : a’+2ab+b* a’+3a’b+3ab'+b° 2 (a+b) (a-b)=a°—b? 2 b 4, a’-b’s(a-b)(a’+ab+b) 5 a? +b'= (a+b) (a - ad + ) ax+bx+o = ax’ +b 0x4 thena+B+y = -2 ap + pr+1a=$, of Ita’ +b’ +0" —Sabe = 0, then (a+b +c) (a +b’ +c’— ab —ac—be) =0 8 oe | 30° [45° | 60° | 90° | 120° | 135° | 150° | 180° “sino | 0 | z 8/1) 8 E 3 0 cose | 1 | B Z}o]} -3 -E BY] -1 tan oO g 1 | ¥B |] =~ | -v3 -1 | -v3 0 cosecd | = 2 | v2 # 1 & v2 2 ° sec® 1 f | 2} -2 -\2 - -1 oo) - lel sia e -B - -$ @ Binomial series (1+x)"=1 nx MD « Trigonometric formulae : Sin (- 6) =~ sin 0 1. Sin?'@+ Cos" 61 3 14Cot*@=Cosec” 6 5. % 8. B 11. CosA-CosB =~28in (43*) sin( 1A. CosB - CosA « SinB = CosA - CosB + SinA - SinB cos (9) = cos 0 (‘st 13. Cosx. Siny =4[Sin(x + y)~ Sin x91] —_— 2. 1+tan® 0 = Sec? 0 4, Sin (A+B) 1A - CosB + CosA - SinB 6. Cos(A +B) = CosA - rest — SinA - SinB 8. SinA + SinB asin ( ) cos (“2 8) 10. CosA + CosB = aciehaes ) 12, Sink -Cosy =3 [Sin(x + y) + Sin (x — vi 1 14, cos x- cosy [cost +y) +.c0s (x—y)] eeeeer ll2tan x 38. sink. siny =F fooste+y)—008 6=¥i] 16. Sin2x = 2sinx COS = 75 tan x a 2 _ i-tan®x 17. tan 2x = =2n 18. cos 2x = cos” x— sin’ x=2 cos” x 2 sin? x= Tae 19. Sin 3x =3 Sinx—4 Sin’ x 20. cos 3x = 4 cos’ x—3.cos x Stan x= tan*x 2, _1+co0s 2x 21, tan gx = SNe 22, cos’ x="*+F 23. Sint x= 1=99828 24, Sin’ x-+.c08 "x= 3 25. tan’ 'x+cot'x=5 26. cosec”'x+sec"'x=F 27. Sine Formula Saq= Ging = GeO = 2A ube at asc ast 28. Cosine Formula Cosa = “75 Coss = ==" cose = 9p 29, Projection Formulae a = bCosC + cCosB b = cCosA + aCosC c = aCosB + bCosA Limits : Lim Sing Lim x’ma" nt e400 3 xa xna 7M lim Lim i & x50 6 y= Differentiation : + Len-uttev a. i (¥) t 41 = Bye = Be sash) a = uh) Can. a Ajeoilenely ‘ean te a*{o9-) Jyotfow- C14 Calegtital 4 (nay ost) 3 Given System hecames ax Qut+y = Sinn Dy tu = com disteventiole co Q ca: t bo Wu + Dy = Cosa baad 2 tom 6)Us e740 3% roe Paments dhe Sohuilon Of Aven — N= Stna= Get (227 4yslora Of dissenmntic CoMlotAGr— onditimn: u=i_ 1=0 = Sf = tbo ——® - o> 0-04 —@ a Md @ + @ i J=2C2 = (a=tle = 2 Scom © ee inte = I-Ie sila a=] - etek et BA = finm- Joa 2%. : Wee + iN Sinn- ler tteQ Ine eau M_of Motion 0+ Ox given a +Wy £0 a ay = =O. Find the Patn oF neti d+ - t= rt Na as Fir Pp, (O>* n ram¢ehi imuttoneous diff ed & 2 eauonon of dhe +4Pe_ Definition: du - Wy . d P 4@ R 1 : hore p, @ 8 cme dhe Sunchions of m1, d oe. Said 40 be Summehital simultaneous 4 enti ea Loicns + M Od Of Solvin (fi) ATO @_dn_= dt _ fg z+ mikeing ot wre Con tance P ay as ify = missing oy coe con tel @_- dy dg ig qu@: ovisting ov ave con conte.lnteqaae on bath ide tote Vntdo Syed ~ 99 44 = 98 2 3 3 yo = 0243. agg 2 e Brea, =o} (ytdy = f 4 Sate ae Yo G eee) 3 x fyb +) = = 3 @ jl =k —@®hoose_muutlelicss Cm. $n _suth—Ahu—— dy — dg = -Ldatndytndz = tantmd ad: te aR 4P 4mnG-+NR o Our Choi m h_onn h_an® lesrale £ ¢ © m fliers is Dn - do = dy = dz 32-49 An-22 2-30 ui Chi my ivli ect 2. ad adytid = odn tadyy ud 0 GL —GY H2AGE AMAA Odwdadytidz =a Cudhteh is emcck) {ode + (ad: 44udo= 4 go +9 tk =O “ anothtn i U jcre Ned, @ : arene jad. = ndupdy + ade, gin eng 4d 29 29 FLIL-3AL 3 onda hd 4 td 5 oO dee (gSal g the Vovlase dyor_acuss u yalsion V=TR Q he Vattage_dror_ocmss_on Inducks w= Le G The volta daar 0 toy _f. Y= @ Cs I|t= do | d= cloctile charac [Jeary d Kivychots's law: The algelnaic surg at the vata doops Around am oof it nso. ike (the eatlae’capeiel Cems) £5 coud to dhe gum f_volLage donee -) Dj—_L-¢ circus Cerise) oth emgey idt +4 = ¥ dt c e Lda, +@-=N 2 Cc | 1-r-c with ems ve Ldr Te +@ = NV - / Lg Rip gaLdr+re4@ = V uy ¢ Lf 4a + Qs Vv 2. de +50 fo +0 p= to 6-0 0! r =e +50 do + 1000 @ = 40 L de iat oe s a of as dq +100@ = +2 t (0% 252 +100) =o (Bunions ec) - SS D290 9F59H100 = 0 L 2. D(a120) + 5 (o}20) = 0 L +: (420) (945) =0 =) De -20,-5 L 2 Qoe =i Ae tuen gt r Neat, - + Qp= | (20) = 1 r p24 25a4t100 ero Ly L J1@p = | f Js ~20t 2 @= Gur t Gr = AE*i Re Exe ,Q= ety pehy | 0) i i. @ = = -5Aeot_. one —® a. ar [eeSince c+ $20 @= 4 Coulmb- 4= AyB+1 ~P4 Qe = 2 => As'-4n sea") he(onnes as A= -4pipdy 4) =-38 s Ss Tr fo =3B = 1h “|B= =14 5 . 1s SA = 14¥4 = 56 15 1S Thus o— Sty pat is NS s S T= sea 2 19 yoo) APE VS \S “Ts 6 ga 96 BRE 3 3 @) An _e-m-$: inp+ is aprlied a =O +0 itu: one Q_(ondenser + inductanc in Gerrits Th NYE. ne - pyar Esinpt wWhtne “4 dh wen u ban ~ Le gq a ENO ener MN dh dh per in \, m is_aivem b E iattoch’ dy body of mas mit sheither dhe 4 This_cuwes am _upaord tree sad Fo fn spring. By Hooke's_taw : fi_= -ke J * Feotw= —ke +my = 0st lenayth ing _fovee Fr = = KW K mdi = ~Ko 42 es dm = ~K on a de> tm = 2. dda 4 k gy = O A dat om. a © dtu + w2n =O here = kl 5 at? ' = (tw aso 2 bean ato so g os tot a Us meH) = Cy cosa to sina ——@ G= Atosd $F (= -Asing CH) = Atos¢ Cosa = ASIN sinudt met) = A [losplosoi - Sing tint J = A Cos(ot +4) Where j p= crt’ f= 2m =peniod of motion a : con f= |= an een T :x PM A ith = 20N hung ‘vor d Nd. A Pull 6 oN wi gelth dh ing +¢ : a (m: The hoa Pull down +0 206m b th g ra i quill fi i 0 mM TiN Ne - ry g mem 6 i no yom i iS it “= 7 asition In +m eronds dhe moaairnun iy Q Pull af We ho eight sl-vetches prin jocm= om Toke = kxorl = 40 SK 4o = 4on Hm (By Netatan's second law ) + o WW d2n = ~Ka (2 Wema) fe igen = Q APE” OPti96=0 Be So: hai = ‘6 coat) tCosiniat) s_dw 14 Cystntud) “114 (0 CosCteed) dt gince at +=0 A=2LM = o-2M ol d= & aoUs 2 Fp=n MACH = +2 costad) Lyte) = ~(o»2) 14 Sintat) Thus Amplitwe A = g-2 m Penindic Mme fp = = st Sec | ets 4 cydesioee Trealen = 4 Galeslset : | dowry m Hn a m Nem CHIPS + d tne aisPlaremenr at tic iv a i byium posi im iy rir) 2 CONG te man! Mey t Periodic o Hen ia duilibyium positicm § them glyen NwWara Of 0 6 dcreVYmne me AM