ru JSUNIL TUTORIAL Chase Excellence ExuMeLe Caleulate the grevitional fore herween two bodies A-and B having mass 50 ky each and siting ata distance of mt from exch other SOLUTION Here, Mass of A (nig) + Mass of B (nn) = 50 ke (Given) Distance (d) = 1m Given) According to Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation, the force of gravitation is calculated by using the formula i | Here, G = 667 «10 N mig? Now, putting these values in the above formula, wwe get 66710" N/a” x50kg 50k fe amy F167 x0 N Now, lt us suppose you are A and B is your frend, You can see thatthe muta orc of atmaction benveen you and your frend isso small that any one of you will not experlence ths force at all, hereby illustrating thatthe gravtaionl force (between two small objects having small masses) is very weak in nature Exar Calculate gravitational force between the anh and the moon. The mass of eat is6 * 10 kg and that of moon & 7 x 10 kg und the disance brermeen them i 34H ¥ 10 km. soumion Here, Mass of the earth (m) = 6 * 10 kg Mass of the moon (m) = 74 % 10 kg Distance between the earth and the moon (a) = 384 « 10° kim 3.84 10° 1000 m = 386 10 m Gravitation Class 09 Term-1 G = 67 4 10" w mBagt According 10 Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation, 7 pe oe "Now, putting these valves in the above formula, we get 2 6x10" ged x10? 84x20" my? P= 201 x10" You can see that the mutual force of atracion between the earh and the moon is very large 2.01 * 10" N). tis due to this large force that it binds them, such that i makes the moon to move around the earth with uniform speed. The above example proves that the gravitational force between big objects having very large masses is very strong in nature Exanete How does the force of gravitation berween wo objects change, when the distance between them is reduced to half? SOLUTION Let the masses of ro objects be mand im, and the distance between them be d. The force of griviition is calculated by using formula. for Newton's Universal Law of Graviation, i Fe When the distance berween the two objects is reduced to half ie,, from dto 2, then rag Hi «gt «AO Gy a" Therefore, when the distance between the two objects is reduced to half, the force of gravitation becomes 4 times the initial valueExawpie bull s thrown vertically upovards with a velocity of 49 mvs. Calculate ‘the maximum height to which it rises. Di the total time i tikes to return to the surface of the earth SOLUTION ‘Initial velocity of the ball, «= 49 mv’s Final velocity of the ball, e= 0 mvs (it tops) Acceleration due to gravity, g = -9.8 m/s? (hall is thrown vertically upwards) Maximum height reached by the ball, b =? {o be calculated) We know, for freety falling body f= + 20h] Now, putting all the known values in the above Formula, we get (0 = 9 mvs? 429.8 m/s or 0= (49 avs)? = = 2x 98 m/s!) 49s x49 m/s “ax9.8 mis b= 125m So, the maximum height reached by the ball is 1225 m. b. Time taken to reach the highest point () = ? Go be calculated) Now, putting the known values in the above formula, we get Onvs - 49m/s_ - 49m’s 9am 98mis We know, time taken by a body to reach to the highest point = time taken by the body to fall from the same height. Therefore, “Total time taken by the ball to retum to the surface of the earth = 5.5453 10s. Exawpte _A scone is released from the top of tower of height 19. m, Calculate its final velocity just before touching the ground SOLUTION intial velocty of the stone, w= 0 ms [since itis dropped from a height eight ofthe tower, b= 196 m Final velocity ofthe stone, v= ? (Go be ealeubted) Acceleration due to gravity, g = 98 m/st Now, for a freely falling body ating the known values in the above equation, wwe get PC m/s}? = 24 98 m/e? «19.6 0 P= 196 mis! x 19.6 m 7-196 ws? v= 196 m’s So, the final velocity ofthe stone is 19.6 nv, Exawete A scone is lowed to fall from the top of a tower 100 m high and atthe same time ano sione is prjected vertically upwards from 1 ground with a velocity of 25 m/s, Calculate when and where the two stones meet. (Take g = 10 mis!) SOLUTION Let us assume that the two stones nieet afer (seconds and atthe disance + metres from the ground, 1. For the falling stone Vertical dixance traeled by the stone, b = (0-9 m Initial velocity ofthe stone, w= 0 m’s Acceleration due to gravity, g + 10 m/s? weknow, [b= ue LaF Putting the known values in the above equation, we get 1 ; (100-2) = Om) x 145 ¥ 1 mis x (200-9 = 0452 (100 ~ x) = 5? a 2. For the stone thrown vertically upwards Vertical distance travelled by the stone, b= sm Initial velocity of the stone, a = 25 mvs Acceleration due 10 gravity, g * -10 mvs! wee oom i ti | i ie i | 1 | +o sune8 wstme =(Bone is thrown venically ypwards) i ‘We know, Putting the known values in the above equation, we get 1 ¢ X= 05 vs + 5 C10 evs)? x 251-52 Adding equations (i) and (i, we get WoO- a4 8 = 5P + 251-57 «i or 100 = 25¢ 100 or a or beds ‘Thus, the two stones meet 4 seconds after the start. Substituting the value of ¢ in equation (iD, we: get a= 2504) - 54? x= 100 ~ 516) x= 100-80 x= 2m Thus, the two stones mect after 4 seconds from the srt and ata height of 20 m aboxe the ground. Exawpte A ball thrown up vertically retums to the thrower after 6. Find athe velocity with which it was thrown up, Bi. the maximum height it reaches, and 6 its position ater 4s, SOLUTION Toial time taken by the ball to reach the thrower = 6s We know, time taken by the ball to reach the highest poirt when thrown in the upward direction = ‘Time taken by the ball to fall ftom the highest point to the ground, lime taken by the ball 1 reach the highest point, 6 te 5c3s Final velocity of the ball, 1= 0 Gt stops atthe highest point) Acceleration due to gravity, = 9.8 mst (bal is thrown upwards) We know, the equation of motion for a freely falling body ce utg Putting the known values in the above equation, wwe get 0 = w+ 98m) GS) on -u = -294 m/s w= 294 ms So, the initial velocity with which the ball is thrown up is 29.4 avs 1b. Height, the ball can reach, b=? (to be calculated) We know, the equation of motion for a freely falling body Putting the known values fa the above equation, we get 1 b= 294 m/S39) + 598m) BSF b= 88.2 m—441m b= Mim ‘Thus, the maximum height the ball can reach is 4am . Pesition of the ball afer 4s, b =? (to be calculated) ‘We know, the equation of motion for a freely falling body iy be me oat Putting the known values in the above equation, we get 1 b= 294 M949) + 5-98 mvs 5 b= 1176 m- 784m b After 4 s the ball will reach a height of 39.2 m from the bottom, ‘Thus the position of the bal after 4 s from the top, = H1m-39.2m=49mExamrte A body thrown vertically upwards, rises to a height of 10 m. Calculate a. the velocity with which the body was thrown upwards and b. the time taken by the body to reach the highest point. SOLUTION a. Initial velocity of the body, u =? Maximum height reached by the body, & = 10m Final velocity, v= 0 m/s (it stops after reaching the maximum height) Acceleration due to gravity, g = -9.8 m/s* (body is thrown upwards) We know, the equation of the motion for a freely falling body Putting the known values in the above equation, we get CO m/s? = nt + 2(-9.8 m/s?X10 m> 1 = -196 m?/s? w= 196 (m/s)? u = Jis6 Gnisr u= 14 m/s Thus, the initial velocity with which the body was thrown upwards is 14 m/s, b. Time taken by the body to reach the highest point, f=? We know, the equation of the motion for a freely falling body Putting the known values in the above given equation, we get O = 14 m/s + 6-9 m/s") -14 m/s = 9 m/s*( 14 m/s om/s* t= 143s Thus, the time taken by the body to reach the highest point is 1.43 s, t=