Far Eastern University DECEMBER 2021

Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

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LECTURE READING 8: STAGGERED RIVETS

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this lesson, the student will be able to:
1. analyze and investigate staggered rivets structurally using LRFD and ASD methods.
2. develop familiarity to the use of NSCP.

COVERAGE:
1. Analysis of staggered rivets

OBJECTIVES:
1. To analyze structurally staggered rivets using LRFD and ASD methods

STAGGERED RIVETS
STAGGERED RIVETS are rivets set in a zigzag pattern, so spaced that the rivets in one row are opposite the centers of the
spaces of the adjoining rows.

The excerpt below is taken from page 5-51 of NSCP 2015:

 Far Eastern University DECEMBER 2021
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________

According from the excerpt, a definition of the net width of staggered rivets is rephrased below:

The net width is equal to the gross width minus the holes along the path plus the term S 2 / 4g

2
s
Wn = Wg - n ϕH + ........eq 1
4g

where: Wn = net width

Wg = gross width = b in the figure above
n = number of holes along the path
ϕH = diameter of rivet hole
s = pitch
g = gage

According again from the excerpt, another rule to be followed in staggered rivets is taken: “From angles, the
gage for holes in opposite legs shall be the sum of the gages from the back of the angle less the thickness”. This is
true if an angle will be flattened into one plane.

TAKE NOTE
 Far Eastern University DECEMBER 2021
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________

From the figure above: What will be the pitch and the gage distances?

s = 100 mm
g = 90 + 80 - 10 = 160 mm

If A = 80 mm, B = 90 mm and T = 10 mm, what will be the gross width according to the rule?

Gross width = A + B – T ........... eq 2

= 80 + 90 – 10
= 160 mm

NOTE: In determining the critical section among various paths, the one that gives the least value is the
critical section. It is not possible to have an inclined path coming or going to the edge. Inclined path is from hole to
hole only.
 Far Eastern University DECEMBER 2021
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________

PROBLEM 1. Determine the critical net area and the tensile load of a 15 mm thick plate shown
using A36 steel, 22 mm ϕ bolts and U = 0.80.

40 mm

90 mm

P P
70 mm

40 mm

80 mm 80 mm

A E

40 mm
B
90 mm
F
P P Wg
70 mm
C

40 mm

D G
80 mm 80 mm

ΦH = ϕR + 2 from formula

ΦH = 22 + 2

ΦH = 24 mm

Wg = 40 + 90 + 70 + 40 = 240 mm

Along tearing path ABCD

2
W n = Wg - n ϕ H +
s from eq 1 formula
4g
Wn = 240 - 2 (24) + 0 there are 2 holes along the path
there is no value of pitch
Wn = 192 mm

Along tearing path EFG

Wn = 240 - 1 (24) + 0 there is only a hole along the path

Wn = 216 mm
 Far Eastern University DECEMBER 2021
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________

Along tearing path ABFG

2
(80)
Wn = 240 - 2 (24) + there are 2 holes along the path, with
4 (90)
inclined path BF, s = 80 mm, g = 90 mm
Wn = 209.78 mm

Along tearing path EFCD

(80)2
Wn = 240 - 2 (24) + there is an inclined path FC with
4 (70)
s = 80 mm and g = 70 mm
Wn = 214.86 mm

Along tearing path ABFCD

(80)2 (80)2
Wn = 240 - 3 (24) + + there are 3 holes along the path
4 (90) 4 (70)
there are 2 inclined paths
Wn = 208.63 mm

Adopt: Wn = 192 mm according to the rule, the least value

will prevail

An = Wn t = 192 (15) net area = net width times the thickness

An = 2880 mm2 (ANSWER) critical net area

Ae = An U effective net area formula

Ae = 2880 (0.80) U = 0.80 given

Ae = 2304 mm2

Pn = Ae Fu NSCP 2015 formula

2304( 400)
Pn = Fu = 400 MPa constant
1000

Pn = 921.60 kN

Using LRFD

P = ϕt Pn NSCP 2015 formula

P = 0.75 (921.60) ϕt = 0.75

P = 691.20 kN (ANSWER)
 Far Eastern University DECEMBER 2021
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________

Using ASD

Pn
P = NSCP formula
Ωt

921.60
P = Ωt = 2
2

P = 460.80 kN (ANSWER)

PROBLEM 2. Determine the critical net area for the angle given, L 150 x 90 x 12 if 16 mm ϕ rivets
are used.

In the figure below, angle with legs flattened into one plane. The three rivet holes is the identical
pattern (left of bracket) which is repeated. We will only be using the left pattern.
 Far Eastern University DECEMBER 2021
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________

Wg = long leg + short leg - thickness from eq. 2 formula

Wg = 150 + 90 - 12 = 228 mm

ΦH = ϕR + 2 mm = 16 + 2 = 18 mm

Along tearing path edi all paths are the same

Along tearing path fcj
Along tearing path gbk

s2
W n = W g - n ϕH +
4g

Wn = 228 - 1 (18) + 0
Wn = 210 mm

Along tearing path edcj

2
(40)
Wn = 228 - 2 (18) + there is an inclined path with
4 (168)
s = 40 mm and g = 168 mm
Wn = 194.38 mm

Along tearing path edbk

(80)2
Wn = 228 - 2 (18) + there is an inclined path with
4 (98)
s = 80 mm and g = 98 mm

Wn = 208.33 mm

Along tearing path gbcj

(40)2
Wn = 228 - 2 (18) + there is an inclined path with
4 (70)
s = 40 mm and g = 70 mm

Wn = 197.71 mm

Along tearing path edbcj

( 80 )2 ( 40 )2
Wn = 228 - 3 (18) + + there are 3 holes along the path
4 ( 98 ) 4 ( 70 )
and there are 2 inclined paths

Wn = 196.04 mm
 Far Eastern University DECEMBER 2021
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________

ADOPT: Wn = 194.38 mm according to the rule the least value is

the critical value

A n = Wn t

An = 194.38 (12)

An - 2332.56 mm2 (ANSWER)

PROBLEM 3.

A plate with width of 400 mm and thickness of 12 mm is to be connected to a plate of the same width and
thickness by 34 mm ϴ bolts. The plate is A-36 steel. It is required to determine the value of b such that the net
width along bolts 1-2-3-4 is equal to the net width along bolts 1-2-4. Calculate the value of b in mm.

600 mm b

1
100 mm
P 2 P
100 mm

3 100 mm

150 mm

150 - b

ΦH = 34 + 2 = 36 mm
Wg = 400 mm

Path 1-2-3-4
(600)2 b
2
(150)2
Wn = 400 – 4 (36) + + +
4 (100) 4 (100) 4 (100)

Path 1-2-4
(600)2 (150−b)2
Wn = 400 – 3 (36) + +
4 (100) 4 (200)

2 2 2 2
(600) b2 (150) (600) (150−b)
400 – 4 (36) + + + = 400 – 3 (36) + +
4 (100) 4 (100) 4 (100) 4 (100) 4 (200)
 Far Eastern University DECEMBER 2021
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________
2 2 2
b (150) (150−b)
– 4 (36) + + = – 3 (36) +
4 (100) 4 (100) 4 (200)

b
2
(150)2 (150)2−2 ( 150 b ) +b2
-36 + + =
4 (100) 4 (100) 4( 200)
-28 800 + 2 b2 + 45 000 = 22 500 – 300b + b2

0 = b2 + 300 b - 6300

0 = b2 + 300 b - 6300

By quadratic equation
0 = ax2 + bx + c
where: a = 1, b = 300, c = -6300
x2 = b2, x = b

by quadratic formula

−b ± √b −4 ac
2
x = 2a

−( 300 ) ± √ (300) −4(1)(−6300)

2
b =
2(1)
b = 19.71 / -319.71

b = 19.71 mm
 Far Eastern University DECEMBER 2021
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________