Jefferson Scale of Empathy Scoring Algorithm 16 (80%) of the 20 items; otherwise, Arespondent must answer at least mplete and excluded from the data the form should be regarded as incot analysis. g values should Ifa respondent fails to answer 4 or fewer items, the missin the respondent be replaced with the mean score calculated from the items completed. : Ww 4, 12, 14, 18, and 19 are reverse @) To score the scale: Items noni 8, 1 scored items (i.e., Strongly Agret Strongly Disagree=7), while the other items are directly scored on their Likert weights (i.e., Strongly Disagree=1...Strong ly Agree=7). The total score is the sum of all item scores. The higher the score, the more empathic the behavioral orientation. © Thomas Jefferson University All rights reservedFactor Model (Latent Variable Structure) of the Jefferson Seale of Empathy (1=1,232) Three-| ) tem 2 056 a at aD Perspective Taking 070 = (&) 059 saa 4 eae} ter 15 : 1 082 084 Compassionate ms Care tter oe Lent | Cane | 0.60 {tem 11 |} —Cn) fet} ee 0.61 (#) tem 19 C#) 3 Walking in Patient’s 2 8 Tins }-E) ent }-—C O‘Table 1: Spe Feature Contribution of learning Contribution of cop ition Contribution of affects Contribution of innate or genetic factors Objectivity vs. subjectivity Likelihood of accuracy in judgment Behavioral roots Required efforts Relation to care giver’s performance Reaction time Patient’s emotions Proces Feeling felt Brain processing areas Psychological regulatory process Psycho-physiological state Behavioral motivation State of mind Effect o Typical expression to patie y mental processing mechanism Reproduced fror Hojat, 2007; 2016, fic Features of Empathy and Sympathy Empathy More significant Mote significant Less significant Less innate More objective Mote accurate ‘Advanced More effortful Linear Nonspontaneous (intentional) Appreciated without joining Controlled ‘The kind and quality of the patient's experiences Predominantly neocortex Appraisal Energy conserving More likely altruistic Intellectual growth, career satisfaction Lunderstand your sufferin; Morte subjective Less accurate Primitive More effortless Inverted U Shape Spontaneous Perceivel by joining Automatic “The degee and quantity of the feelings Predominantly limbic system . Cognitive/Intellectual/Understanding “Affective/Emotional/Feeling