Lighting of Indoor workplaces

DIRECT AND INDIRECT GLARE

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 36

Lighting for indoor work places
Definitions (direct and indirect glare)

• Luminance and illuminance light source

luminance L
[candela/m2]
luminance L luminous
[candela/m2] intensity I
[candela]

illuminance E [lux]

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 37

Lighting for indoor work places
Definitions (direct and indirect glare)

• Illuminance E in lux: measured / calculated

• Luminance L in cd/m2: perceived

E*ρ
L= in [cd/m2]
π
• Examples: illuminance of 500 lux on:
• paper white surface (ρ = 90%) 143 cd/m2
• cream-coloured desktop (ρ = 60 %) 95 cd/m2
• grey floor (ρ = 20 %) 32 cd/m2

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 38

Glare

•Glare is caused by Brightness of any objects within

the visual field which is brighter than the adaptation
level of eye
•Two types of glare
Direct Glare
Indirect/Reflected Glare
Glare limitation should be specified according to
applications or the needs of respective tasks

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 39

Glare

Direct glare

glare directly caused by a bright source

Reflected glare

glare caused by (specular) reflection

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 40

Direct glare

2
d / m
c

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 41

Direct glare by windows

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 42

Reflected glare (1)

reflected brightness
via glossy surface

2
/m
cd
Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 43
Reflected glare (2)

reflected cd
/m
brightness 2

2
/m
via glossy

cd
screen
surface

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 44

Reflected glare (2)

reflected
brightness
via glossy
screen
surface

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 45

Direct glare versus
Reflected glare in computer screens

Area1 - Reflected glare Area2 - Direct glare

850
450

Viewing direction

Reflected glare Direct glare

According CEN recommendation Söllner/UGR

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 46

Glare evaluation methods

Direct glare

CIE (Söllner) method: luminance limiting curves

CIE Unified Glare Rating

NEN & NBN Cut-off angle (NL, B)

IESNA Visual Comfort Probability (USA)

Reflected glare in computer screens

DIN 5035/7 method (D)

CIBSE LG3 method (UK)

CEN recommendations

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 47

Direct Glare

Direct Glare:

The glare from luminaires.

Quality class: Luminance Diagram and Glare Limitation
Curve - CIE Class A, B, C, D, E; DIN Class A, 1, 2, 3

Evaluate the plane C0-180 and C90-270Glare limitation
should be specified according to applications or the needs
of respective tasks

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 48

Glare Limitation Systems

Luminance Curve system

UGR System - new development

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 49

Glare - Cut - Off Angle

Shielding angle α

αc
αl
Length wise Crosswise

Cut off angle for direct lamp light

Typical: 30° or 40°

No indication of luminance reflected by mirror optics !!

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 50

CIE Quality Class for Glare Limitation
Quality Type of Task or Activity
Class
A Very exacting Visual task

B Tasks with High Visual Demands

Tasks with Moderate Visual Demands calling for high
concentration
C Tasks with Moderate Visual Demands and Moderate
Concentration with certain degree of mobility of the worker
D Tasks with Low Visual Demands and Concentration with
workers moving frequently within a restricted area
E Interiors where workers are not confined to a workstation but
move from one place to another and have low visual demand
.Interiors that are not continuously used by same people

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 51

Quality Class and Glare Rating
Glare Rating Quality Class
1.15 A very high quality
1.50 B high quality
1.85 C medium quality
2.2 D low quality
2.55 E very low quality

Glare rating is based on Subjective Assessment of Glare in Laboratory

Scale Assessed degree of Glare

1 unnoticeable
3 noticeable
5 just admissible
7 disturbing
9 unbearable

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 52

CIE (Söllner) method: luminance limiting curves

Graphical method

Still in use (UGR is successor)

Method of working

Select the specified quality class (A-E)

Select the initial average illuminance

Conclude the luminance limiting curve

Check if luminaire luminance (length wise and cross wise) is
lower than limit for the typical application

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 53

CIE (Söllner) method: luminance limiting curves

Quality class Service illuminance (lux)

A (1.15) 2000 1000 500 250
B (1.50) 2000 1000 500 250
C (1.85) 2000 1000 500 250
D (2.20) 2000 1000 500 250
E (2.55) 2000 1000 500 250
γ
γ 85°

75°

65°

55°

45°
102 2 3 5 7 103 2 3 5 104
γ
⇒ Luminance in [cd/m2]

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 54

CIE (Söllner) method
Which glare class this luminaire fulfils ?
Quality class Service illuminance (lux)
A (1.15) 2000 1000 500 250
B (1.50) 2000 1000 500 250
C (1.85) 2000 1000 500 250
D (2.20) 2000 1000 500 250
E (2.55) 2000 1000 500 250
90°
γ 85°

75°
0°
65°
180°
55°

45°
2 3 5 7 2 3 5
270°
102 103 104
⇒ Luminance in [cd/m2]

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 55

CIE (Söllner) method
Luminaire fulfils: class A-500 lux, B-1000 lux, C-
2000 lux
Quality class Service illuminance (lux)
A (1.15) 2000 1000 500 250
B (1.50) 2000 1000 500 250
C (1.85) 2000 1000 500 250
D (2.20) 2000 1000 500 250
E (2.55) 2000 1000 500 250
90°
γ 85°

75°
0°
65°
180°
55°

45°
2 3 5 7 2 3 5
270°
102 103 104
⇒ Luminance in [cd/m2]

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 56

Unified Glare Rating (UGR)

New CIE method to evaluate DIRECT glare

Replaces various methods in use

Calculation by formulae,
estimation by tables,
indication by graphical representation

Specified in CEN draft prEN12464

‘Lighting of workplaces’

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 57

 Lighting for indoor work places
Definitions (direct glare) UGR

UGR
2
Complicated system to limit direct /m
cd
glare caused by the luminaires
in the room

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 58

Unified Glare Rating (UGR)

Computer calculation ω luminaire

eye line of sight

UGR = 8 log [ 0.25/Lb Σ (L2 ω / p2)]

with
Lb background luminance [cd/m2]
L luminaire luminance in direction observer
ω solid angle luminaire at observers; eye
p Guth position index

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 59

Unified Glare Rating (UGR)

‘Corrected table’ of UGRCEN values
H

UGR values for ‘standard’ rooms

Standard rooms 2H x 2H to 12H x 12H

H = room height - eye height

Office: H = 3.2 - 1.2 m = 2.0 m

Industry: H = 6.0 - 1.2m = 4.8 m

Standard observer position

(mid of long and short wall)

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 60

Unified Glare Rating (UGR)

Six limiting quality classes

Difference in UGR of <1.0 not visible

CEN follows CIE according method

UGR values defined (average UGR !)

Industrial work 16 < UGR < 25

General office work UGR < 19

Drawing room UGR < 16

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 61

UGRCEN Glare rating - table
Luminaire : TBS630/154 M2C
Lamp : 1 x TL5-54W / 827
Lampflux : 1 x 5000 lm
Measurement code: LVW1081900
Measurement date: 1997-04-09
Measurement status
: Released

Unified Glare Rating table

Uncorrected UGR values (per 1000 lm)
Reflectances:
Ceiling 0.70 0.70 0.50 0.50 0.30 0.70 0.70 0.50 0.50 0.30
Wall 0.50 0.30 0.50 0.30 0.30 0.50 0.30 0.50 0.30 0.30
Floor cavity0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
Room Viewed crosswise Viewed endwise
dimensions:
X Y

2H 2H 9.9 11.5 10.2 11.8 12.1 8.6 10.2 8.9 10.4 10.7
3H 10.0 11.5 10.4 11.8 12.1 9.5 10.9 9.8 11.2 11.5
4H 10.0 11.4 10.4 11.7 12.0 9.9 11.2 10.2 11.5 11.9
6H 10.0 11.2 10.4 11.6 11.9 10.2 11.4 10.6 11.8 12.1
8H 10.0 11.1 10.4 11.5 11.9 10.3 11.5 10.7 11.8 12.2
12H 9.9 11.0 10.3 11.4 11.8 10.4 11.5 10.8 11.9 12.2

3H 2H 10.1 11.5 10.4 11.8 12.1 8.9 10.3 9.2 10.6 10.9
3H 10.3 11.5 10.7 11.9 12.2 9.9 11.1 10.2 11.4 11.8
4H 10.4 11.5 10.8 11.9 12.2 10.3 11.4 10.7 11.8 12.2
6H 10.4 11.4 10.8 11.7 12.2 10.7 11.7 11.1 12.1 12.5
8H 10.3 11.3 10.8 11.7 12.1 10.9 11.8 11.3 12.2 12.6
12H 10.3 11.2 10.8 11.6 12.0 11.0 11.8 11.4 12.2 12.7
Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 62
CIE tabular method reference conditions for UGR

CIE specifies reference conditions (according to the tabular method) for the calculation of UGR. The resulting single
UGR value is called in Calculux UGRCIE. It is the most typical value for the overall effect of glare from the total lighting
installation.

The reference conditions are:

· Luminaire geometry
Luminaire spacing in both directions 0.25 H, with H being the vertical distance between the observer eye and the
luminaire.

· Observer position
Against the middle of the respective walls at 1.2 m above the floor with horizontal viewing directions perpendicular to
the wall.

CIE's tabular method is not defined for complex situations. As a consequence also UGR.CIE is not defined for such
complex situations.
Calculux will therefore only calculate UGRCIE for the following situations:

· Rectangular rooms

· All luminaires of the same type and at the same height

· All luminaires positioned parallel to the walls

· Luminaires not asymmetrical or tilted.

In all other situations Calculux will print ‘UGRCIE not defined’.

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 63
Reflected Glare - CIBSE LG3 Method :1996

γ γ : 55°, 65° or 75° γ

Lave < 200 cd/m2
Lmax < 500 cd/m2
around luminaire
Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 64
Reflected Glare - CIBSE LG3 :1996

Luminaires divided into 3 categories:

CIBSE LG3 Cat.1

for screens containing safety-critical information

high density of screens & intensive use

sustained over long periods.

CIBSE LG3 Cat.2

fairly widespread use of display screens

one terminal per desk or continually use

CIBSE LG3 Cat.3

casual use of display screen

small (cell) offices, open plan (hive,
club) with room dividers

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 65

CIBSE LG3 :Amendment 2001

Luminance limits of luminaires which can be reflected in

the screen

Screen classes in accordance

I II III
with ISO 9241-7

Screen quality good medium poor

Average luminance of luminaires ≤ 1000 ≤ 200

which are reflected in the screen cd / m2 cd / m2

above 650
Note: In some special places 550 should be applied
For display screen with screen tilt up to 150

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 66

CIBSE LG3 :Amendment 2001

Total Installation to Comply with LG3

New Luminance Limitation guidelines
2
Type I and II(Good or moderate screen treatment ) :1000cd/m
2
Type III (No screen treatment) :200cd/m
Where positive polarity software only is being used on Type I and II ,the limit can be as
2
high as 1500cd/m
Where positive polarity software only is being used on Type III ,the limit can be as high as
1500cd/m2
All values at 65 degree viewing only

In addition

Wall Illuminance should be 50% Ehor (use of wall washers)

Ceiling Illuminance should be 30% Ehor Illuminance(use of surface mounted
downlighters, indirect component of suspended luminaires or supplementary uplights)

For Indirect lighting only,ceiling luminance should not be higher than 500cd/m2

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 67

CIBSE LG3 :Amendment 2001

Total Installation to Comply with LG3

For unknown geometry ,200cd/m2 luminance limitations of luminaire
to continue

Limits of Wall (50% Ehor) and Ceiling ( 30% Ehor) Illuminance

Importance of Lighting Design is re-emphasized :

Office Lighting is not only selecting a Luminaire !

Division, Content owner, Date(in numbers), ISO No 68