Mikaella Sofia Nicholle M.

Lucido OD2B

THE ANATOMY OF

THE

BRAIN
ITS FUNCTION 3 MAJOR PARTS
The brain is a

cerebrum
complicated organ that

cerebellum
regulates every action in

brainstem
our body, including

thought, memory,

emotion, touch, motor

CEREBRUM
skills, vision, respiration,

temperature, and

hunger.

CEREBELLUM
The cerebellum controls
- largest part of brain
posture and balance and

- it contains the 4 lobes of

coordinates skilled motions.

Although the cerebellum

the brain
only makes up roughly a
frontal
tenth of the brain's mass, it
parietal
includes about half of the
occipital
brain's neurons. temporal

BRAINSTEM
The region of the brain

between the spinal cord

and the diencephalon is

known as the brain stem.

- it has 3 main parts

medulla oblongata
pons
midbrain

Medulla Oblongata
This contains vital and

non-vital reflex centers

Pons such as coughing,

Pons is a spherical
sneezing, vomiting, and

protrusion that divides the

swallowing, and

midbrain from the medulla

transmits all ascending

oblongata on the underside

and descending

impulses.
of the brainstem. It plays a

role in breathing.
 Midbrain
The reflex centers related

CEREBROSPINAL

with eye and head

FLUID
movement are located in the
The brain and spinal cord are

midbrain. bathed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),

which acts as a protective cushion

around the central nervous

HYDROCEPHALUS system. The choroid plexuses,

which are specialized structures

CSF can build in the ventricles if

made up of ependymal cells and

the apertures in the fourth

found in the ventricles, create it.

ventricle or the cerebral

aqueduct are blocked, resulting

in hydrocephalus. Increased

pressure from the accumulation

of fluid dilates the ventricles and

crushes the brain tissue,

resulting in irreparable brain

injury.

CSF FLOW
Lateral ventricle

Foramen of Monro

4th

Cerebral Aqueduct 3rd ventricle

ventricle

Foramen of Luschka (2x)

Foramen of

Magendie
Postine Cistern

Cerebello Medullary
Subarachnoid

Cistern space

Superior
Arachnoid

Confluence Sinus
Sagittal Sinus Granulations

Venous circulation