D Define the term backing xp- dD. Brive examples of backing up fi basis D Why Pt ts Import ant to store the back ups & 2 Gtive reasons why backups are made Explaic your veasan with an example Answers P Backing up vefers te the files / data toa different mediin, C disk Fape, flash drive, ete D incase of a problem with the les and data ona regula, at different play, main seccodary storage device D Magnetic tapes to back up internet servers ena regular basis Cloud. storage companies using magnetic tape ov hard disk drives to back up clients dataona regular basis 2) Séethat iveetrizvable loss'of key: datal-files incase Five o¥! some other situations.would nck toke place D To preverd the loss of dato due to!a corr uption or failure of the original secondary storage device T+ could be due to hardwore failure, probe problem caused by Piles being overusrtiten accidently or oastble corruption of Files. Example: caused by power surges IMate Scanned with CamScanner(To prevent damages caused by hackers. [Tt may not be. their intention because they Wweuld only lant to Find personal infornnrtionssuch.os. bank acount idetails. However it could. cause the files seme problemas | such.as. torruption or data loss & on eo a2 ut _ | Files needing tobe used elsewhere iu: = This protects the originals against possi ible less : “corruption. _| 2s | Dessay grord againet the effect of avirus The vPrus could attach itself to the original #% a cuhich could mean the boackupsare also affected. Even _ ~ ifthe computer is clean of the va-vivus and the backup is — reloaded ,there’s high Possibility Ft might infect the compu- 1 Fer system again. The best protection is not te get avirus _ inthe First place Cone 4 Fora computer tobe able to function covrectly there needs — to be atleast one storage device attached tot. ~~ Ta many cases, naulti pte. Storage devices are used to benefit Ahe user experience ~ These storage devices also. vequire appropriate storage ened for the device. to worle properly. ~# Tt is important to make thedistinction \betueen the device i4self. — Land the media thet the devices uses a 4 The most suitable storage device depends ypon the purpose of Lihe stores " vs iMate Scanned with CamScannerHard Drives 3 Most modern. computers. are Filled with @ hard = drive %# This where oll ofthe software appl Lave Staved sethat-the computer con operate. Property: H# Theve ave 2 different Aypesict Wrerdua hord wove + Magnetic state - Solid state 2 Both of these can be fixed or portable at Hard drive capacity is measured in bye. Sf. [Nagendtia Hard = Dehn 2 Magnetic hard drive are the mostconmen hard drives inside computers. 2 The hard dete consists of a stack of round metal plates, Known as. platters scohisns files and dees oat 4 These platters are coated ina magnetic material a Data is Stored within this magnetic material and Mre glsdles yolote very qlfekly on Spindle ge An dlectvo-magnetic read/write head, which looks alitte foSt bit Mice a needle, canactess a tdedte ond remove dela From the platters . # These bype of Storage it known as_non-valatile storage There ave 2 types of access.) \ D> Serial Access ae Here ,the data te accessed one ater theother IMate — eel Scanned with CamScannera es dlarls al the beghaning of the File, then go ah each record in dura until the required record jz found Tt is pebmensly used_oa Magnetic ty tape systems and is ___ essentially a very slou form of dato access _-# The original magnetic tape sf AMT the master file nceds —|tpdeting.an additional type called atransaction ffles is required al Consider an example of ud pelt tod Poe aetas Mia cee shep that sells books S # Master file consists of TSBN numbers which acta as dhe _—}-lhay Field for each xecard ut i - Record censints of TSen, HAH ti Heat noi ae a ey Price_and selling price -- __#e A the changes will be cheaged ae _— a MF is updat ig usiag the new data stored onthe TF ¥ ee | The. pone in the updeted process are shown below: ee le - Recerd __ Nee et Curd ¢ Ri CIS ap | 2.21 CME =R4 CTF é ae, RA CNMED is updated — | vs Be Z a ___(NMF 3. always zis iy is! MF dhe Nowest value > ib lib &h | te ali 212141516 NE ~t iMate Re _ F Scanned with CamScannerBbus = \ bytes 1000 bytes =1kB wa) 1000 1c B = aa eas -~ Los Bytes — = ime \o00 MB_= 10% ~ 10" lot Bytes = 148 1000 GB = 10% »1to"x10'™ a = 1077 Buttes - Compare 22. MED d R2CTEY es 1 ~R2CMED = R2CTFN ae = [SEDAROVON MEN ty ud E be updated “eet Bees ea Compare RACMES A R3CTFOD 344 CME) < R3-CTFS Bet is updeted yw | Big “Compare RUCMEDARS CTFD D4 dy —_—— Ru CMe) = R32 CTFD mE Ee RYy-CwmeEd is updated with RY CsA or 23 CTFD iMate Scanned with CamScannervetttop 5 « «> 4 Compan RE Lmr> 4 RECTFL™ &45 RG Cur) >Rulrrd esr > te pderted ysith 25.2002 Caspase £5 CAF) ond £5 CIF? 6 GT he dae) < £5 Ctr) — sping geht mh Es cme * ooteg Compare RES MED ond BD ETD 9 447 icms) > 25 Ctr Lite chat) ts updated RECmED Compue RECMED and RC LIFD > 8 ia ROCMFD = RECTED > Beg RE COMED is updated ai th BE Cmr> elalal sl el sles” Scanned with CamScannerDVCio sa menes er —Compore 25 CFD and 25 CTS) — émp : i pee My Toni RICTE) is updeted inthe RIOCNME) bbIalalsteblette iMate Scanned with CamScannerDirect access — ie disks , optical fi | Dinccd anccas in used iah-ornges ane State media. ap The computer uses the Should be stored set is then alole to_acgées the -data hy field. to caleulote here ash key 5 divectly fromthe calculated position .\/ Advantagesaf Direct ocess— de | Récaa te mock febgetethag wtbeeepel oe Foy When updeting files , the old vecords / File? .are_simply written over ley the new records [deto Tt is cot necesse,. +o. sort records inte ony specific order... / eh is used in applications where date acess speeds vite C for example ,in veal-time operations suchas controlling a chemical plant ov online systems suchas booleing atv tielcets ov cutomatic steele control), ‘Typesof Storage Medio HK Magnetic storage media #& Optical storage media He Solid state storage media // Scanned with CamScannerVedi ‘ os D Fixed /imernal hard disk dvive CHDD) [Magnetic Hard dvive- BD Portable Herd disk drive D. Solid state hard dvive, D. Pen drives and Flash deives 2 : #® Magnetic storage media depend onthe mognetic properties Civon and nickel alloys) ok Hard disk dyives ore mode up of. more thon onc disk ond. these disks are known as 6 Each platter is made from gloss. , ceramie or aluminium: coated, ina nicleet alloy that con be rragnetiaed ii x i i a _#e The hard disk store the di veti m C008) and other system: applications , as uellas application software cand files To store the operating systenn , system soflusave ond worbking date /Files =e a Storing applicotions sofiuaredhal needs fast vetrieval and Storage of data. # Used in veal = time systems end in online systems % Used in File servers for computer networks “w Advertages 2 They havea very fast date transfer vote ond fast qecess time to dota # Theyre very lorge memory copacitios - S iMate Scanned with CamScannersp emt dust down correc t iti d fe solid state di campared to SSD, ¥ Gor be easily donaged if A Waving many moving Read yee operation. con be Portable hard disk drive 2 Worle the sume way a8 2 fixed ne 40 the computer viethe USO. Capable of storing moredata ya disk drive are edn, D. f di Se) Con be used as backup Systems te prevent loss. of dota. oe Con be used fo tune fer dota /files/software between cam, v Advortages # Date accese time ond trensfer rate are very. fast. # Hove olarge memory capacity. # Can be used as a method of transferring md Noetwe computers # Con be easily domaged if dropped ov subjected too | ste strong mogeetic field ond can also be damaged if the shut down procedure isn't donc. Properly. J i : : ateip A magnetic Anpe is a very thin pisee of plastic that has be" coated in & magnate lager. BelTlay are read nd atin ty. by o.stmad / wei fa heath Scanned with CamScannermagnetic areas Yel _vepresent Ls end Os. Mhe dape Using, Serial access - # The deta is stored in # Date is vod from # This Aype cfdala is useless im veal= time ov online applications ead is best suited to off tine or batch processi | 2 [Uses # Tn applications where latch process used and in these lapplications there is no reed for ong ae processing order and speed. of data access is not esstentiol # Used asa backup media since all thedata needs to be stored a Used in long= term archiving of data, which moles then ideol for long-term storage. Less expensive than equivalent hard disk. A Tt is avery roloust technology... a A Have huge dota storge capacity. a Rie peo Data tranfer vate is detually fest Gud deta access time. is veny slows For magnetic tapes) pit de Nery slow data access time = eae ae When updating another tepeis merd-needed fey storing the Final updated version (Theytre affected by magnetic fields ;.a strong magne tean corrupt deta stored on the tape iMate Scanned with CamScanner2k Byte EE La the size of memory or storage — At | Storage sizes or file sizes ave meodured inles lobytes Cle), ~~ megabytes CMB), gigabytes CGr Bd and terabytes CTR), —\.000_bytes — 1©00_000_ bytes_ es _ 1.00 200_000 bytes — ite ke ____ 1024 bytes — : |__ Ime 1048 5676 bytes 2 bytes ae Ge 1078741824 bytes | 9 hayes a LTB 10495162 9776 byt. zee 2" Notes Scanned with CamScanner