Module 5

• Introduction:
• Computer Numerical control (CNC) is a form of programmable/Flexible
automation in which the mechanical actions of a machine tool or other
equipment are controlled by a program containing coded alphanumeric
data.
• The alphanumeric data represent relative positions between a
work head and a work part as well as other instructions needed to operate
the machine.
• The work head is a cutting tool or other processing apparatus, and the work
part is the
object being processed.
• When the current job is completed, the program of instructions
can be changed to process a new job. The capability to change the program
makes CNC machine suitable for low and medium production.
• Note: It is much easier to write new programs than to make major
alterations in the processing equipment
Elements of CNC Machine control
system:
Anti-Friction Bearings
HYDRO DYNAMIC BEARING
 A Recirculating ball screw comprises a screw, a
nut and a progression of balls.
The principle contrast between a Recirculating
ball screw and a power tighten is that previous
the sliding grating kicks it into high gear
erosion.
Since moving rubbing is not exactly sliding
grating
Recirculating ball screw has high proficiency
of intensity exchange.
The strings of tighten and nut
Recirculating ball screw are half circle with the
Recirculating ball goal that they can oblige moving balls.
Recirculating ball screw is otherwise called
screws metal ball screw or essentially ball screw.
There is no warmth age in recycling ball screw
because of irrelevant grinding and they can be
utilized at high accelerates to 10 m/min.
Advantages of Recirculating ball
screws
•They have high productivity (approx. 90%),
contrasted with power screw (approx. 40%)
•No stick and slip marvel which results in
sturdiness
•It is for all intents and purposes wear free
•They require Less beginning torque
•No warmth age amid task
•They can be utilized for fast tasks
•They can be effectively preloaded to dispose
of kickback
•They have extremely smooth and quiet task •Machine apparatuses controls
•They have high unwavering quality and
solidness
•Their heap conveying limit is more than power•Healing facility beds agents
screw of a similar size
Limitations
•They are substantially more expensive
•Clasping of screw is not kidding issue at basic
speed
•They require high level of tidiness
•They require thin film oil for attractive activity
•They can have vibrations
•They require intermittent re-desiging to keep
up their productivity
•They don’t make them bolt properties
Uses of Recirculating ball screw
•Utilized in mechanical technology where exact
development is essential
•Flying machine landing gear retractors
•X-Y recorders of CNC machines
•Power actuators
•Car guiding apparatuses
Difference between Open loop and Closed loop system

SI.No. Open loop system Closed loop system

1 Not using feedback Feedback using

2 Less accurate More accurate

3 Simple in construction Complicated in construction

4 Optimisation in control is not possible Optimisation in control is possible

5 Easy maintenance & cost is less Difficult to maintain & cost is more

6 Eg. CD deck, Digital thermometer Eg. Automatic water level, washing

machine
Open Loop system
Closed loop system
Basic Elements of a closed loop system

1. Comparison element
2. Control element
3. Correction element
4. Process elements
5. Measurement elements
MECHATRONIC SYSTEM DESIGN PROCESS
. Application of computers in design:
As in the above block diagram various tasks can be done using computers in design.
They are broadly
grouped into four functional areas,
 Geometric modeling
 Engineering analysis
 Design review and evaluation
 Automated drafting
MECHATRONIC SYSTEM DESIGN PROCESS
Mechatronics Design
Process
 Mechatronics System Design
• The Mechatronics design methodology is
based on a concurrent (instead of sequential)
approach to discipline design, resulting in
products with more synergy.
• Sequential design approach
– Mechanical Design
– Power and Microelectronics design
– Control algorithm design
– Integration of all
 Mechatronics System Design
• Concurrent design Approach
– The branch of engineering called systems engineering uses a
concurrent approach for preliminary design. In a way,
Mechatronics is an extension of the system engineering
approach, but it is supplemented with information systems to
guide the design and is applied at all stages of design (not just
the preliminary design step).
– Mechatronics is a synergy in the integration of mechanical,
electrical, and computer systems with information systems for
the design and manufacture of products and processes. The
synergy is generated by the right combination of parameters; the
final product can be better than just the sum of its parts.
– Mechatronics products exhibit performance characteristics that
were previously difficult to achieve without the synergistic
combination
 Mechatronics System Design
 Mechatronics system design supports the concepts of
concurrent engineering.

 In the designing of a mechatronics product, it is necessary

that the knowledge and necessary information be
coordinated amongst different expert groups.

 Concurrent engineering is a design approach in which the design

and manufacture of a product are merged in a special way. It is
the idea that people can do a better job if they cooperate to
achieve a common goal. It has been influenced partly by the
recognition that many of the high costs in manufacturing are
decided at the product design stage itself.
 Mechatronics System Design
 The characteristics of concurrent engineering are:
 Better definition of the product without late changes.
 Design for manufacturing and assembly undertaken in the early design stage.
 Process on how the product development is well defined.
 Better cost estimates.
 Decrease in the barriers between design and manufacturing.

 However, the lack of a common interface language has made the information exchange
in concurrent engineering difficult.
 Successful implementation of concurrent engineering is possible by coordinating an
adequate exchange of information and dealing with organizational barriers to cross-
functional cooperation.
 Using concurrent engineering principles as a guide, the designed product is likely to
meet the basic requirements (High quality, Robustness, Low cost, Time to market, and
Customer satisfaction)
 Mechatronics Design Process
• A major factor in the sequential approach
(traditional) is the inherently complex nature of
designing a multidisciplinary system. Essentially,
Mechatronics is an improvement upon existing
lengthy and expensive design processes.
• The Mechatronics design process consists of three
phases:
– modelling and simulation,
– prototyping,
– and deployment.
CASE STUDY: PICK and PLACE
ROBOT
CASE STUDY: AUTOMATIC CAR
PARK SYSTEM