DISTANCE EDUCATION IN NURSING

Introduction of Distance Education:-

The scientific and technological advancement have influenced and will continue to influence nursing
as they do in all spheres of human activities. Distance education is a method of indirect instruction,
lifelong education or continuing education. It implies geographical and emotional separation of the
teacher and the target. Distance education has opened the portal of universalisation of education , as
education has made accessible to all respects of financial, social and psychological condition.

Meaning of Distance Education:-

Distance Education is a form of education in which the students of universities and institutes of
higher learning do not attend regular classes or lecture but, instead study teaching material especially
prepared for this purpose by professor and their staff together with experts in distance education and
interact individually with member of teaching staff by mean of technical media for the guidance and
control of their learning. The students are not pinned, own to fixed times, place and person, but are
free to decide themselves when, where, what and how they wish to study.

Definition of Distance Education:-

According to Dohman, ''Distance education is a systematically organized form of self study in which
student counseling the presentation of learning material and the seeing and supervising of the student
success is carried out by a team of teachers each of whom has responsibility. It is made possible at a
distance by means of media, which can cover long distance.
Distance education is an alternative mode for receiving highest education, professional education
and technical education, which distinguishes it from conventional campus, based mode of learning.

Aims and objective:-

It aims at only providing certificate and degree but also help in personal growth and training for
better job prospect, job enhancement and in service education:-

 To bring changes in attitude in addition to knowledge.

 Make education socially more relevant.
 Provide flexibility of time to enable students to pace there studies.
 Promotes habit of lifelong learning among teachers and thus establish a learning social of
teachers.
 To impart last latest information and skills in the field of education.
 Provides opportunities for self enrichment and professional upgrading

Nature of Distance Education:-

1. In distance education, an institution teaches. The teacher prepares the learning materials from
which he himself may never teach. Another teacher may use the material and evaluate students
work.
2. It gives new meaning to the concept of the independence of the adult learner.
3. The goal of thinking learning material to learning is at his centre of the organizational structure.
4. Management skills are essential.
5. The constant processes of writing creativity for distance students, whether alone or in a course
team framework, poses problems to staff causing depersonalization.

Scope of Distance Education:-

Distance education is aimed at teaching, guiding and supporting the students in all location through
well designed lectures scripts supported by teachers, personal contact programs, response sheet
assignment and electronic media.

Philosophy of Distance Education:-

Distance education is based on the philosophy that, learners is the active and self directed agent who
makes choices, takes decisions, direct the process qualitative and assumes responsibility for all this.
He is a self - monitor, self - evaluator, self-feed backer and self - improver. It is therefore non-
conventional and non-traditional teaching-learning program, which focus on self -learning.
.

ELEMENTS OF DISTANCE EDUCATION:-

The separation of teaching behavior and learning behavior.

 The use of technical media.

 The possibility of two way communication.
 The possibility of occasional seminars or meeting between students and teachers.
 It is a form of indirect instruction, it is important by technical media
ex. Correspondence, printed material, teaching and learning aids, Av aids and computers.

CHARACTERISTICS OF DISTANCE EDUCATION:-

1. There is little face to face relationship between the teacher and the learner.
2. There is little oral instruction.
3. There is no fixed classroom or lecture room.
4. Learning is on individual basis.
5. It involves use of multi-media approach, postal coaching and education through radio and
television.
6. Learning is on part time basis.
7. It's now applied for teacher education program i.e. for in-service education of teachers.
FORMS OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
Three different approaches to identify the form of distance education are presented:-
1. The medium of which the learning material are based.
2. Institutional type.
3. Didactic model.
1.Choice of medium- Form of distance education can be identified by their:-
 Use of technical media.
 The basis for the learning material. Printed based (80%), broadcasting (10%), face to face
seminar and summer schools, contact classes(10%). These are cost effective and can be used
by people with literacy problem and it is a successful method of teaching languages.
2.Didactic model- Provision for two way communication possiblities of occasional seminar. The
correspondence school send learning material by post of the student, The student studies, the
material and post assignment back to the institutions which marks and comments upon them
and post them back to the students.
3.Institutional types- The major group of institution can be distinguished:-
1. Privately sponsored
2. Publicity sponsored
3. National accrediting bodies
4. Government sponsored school, college and universities

DISTANCE EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY:-

Distance Education is said to be a multimedia system. In distance education, counseling, radio and
television broadcast, audio video counseling computer based information and use of developed
communication technologies should supplement the print materials. As a substitute for face to face
classroom teaching, these technologies support media mix services as termed as student support
service (sss), which is the essential component of the system.
The first generation of technology in distance education started with using of mail able materials
and audio video cassettes.
Education through air (broadcasting and telecasting) was referred as second-generation aids.
Third generation was computer-based education using software packages, CD-ROM, multimedia
and internet.
The beginning of fourth generation is two ways- audio video (video conferencing) and virtual
classroom.

DEVELOPMENT OF DISTANCE EDUCATION:-

It is said that distance education started in 1840. Holmberg gives that the date when Issac pitman
offered tuition by post in short hand to students in England. In 1856, Charles Tousaint and Gustavo
commenced language teaching by correspondence in Germany.
Today a listing of distance institution would embrace most countries of the world and all levels of
education. The first open university was established in 1969 in U.K.
In India, first open university was started in Andra Pradesh (1982). Later, the Indira Gandhi
National open universities in Asia, was established in 1986 which offers now more more than 39
course to about 4 lakhs students.
With the establishment of 5 others open universities in the states of Maharashtra, Rajasthan,
Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat, the system has god more encouragement.
At that movement the states of Karnataka, Tamil nadu and Kerala are actively considering the
establishment of their own universities. The term "correspondence" was changed to "distance".

Program with same similarities in Distance Education

1.Extension program:- Ways of extending the expertise of a university or college to the needs of
population e.g. full time, part time, day time or conventional lecture on campus.
2.Off campus studies:- Any program which does not take place on the central university or college
campus, distance education in one possibility.
3.Open learning:- It provides freedom to the learner e.g. In admission selection of courses
individual adaptation of the curriculum and the time, goal selection and valuation.
4.Univerties with walls:- The design of an individualized program based on a learning contract for
students with clear learning who cannot realize their whole educational aspiration through existing
programs. For example: experimental learning credit, ordinary lectures, distance educational
elements, learning for community sources, job related activities.
5. Experimental Learning:- Experimental learning, which did not take place in a lecture room
setting and was not sponsored by an educational institution, but "acquired through work experience
including volunteer work, cooperative education or self study.

PILLARS OF DISTANCE EDUCATION SYSTEM:-

The pillars of Distance Education system are:-
1. Study material known as lecture scripts
2. Personal contact programs
3. Students assignment
4. Electronic media
5. Study center
6. Personal guidance

ROLE OF DISTANCE EDUCATION IN DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING:-

Distance education can provide opportunity to:-

1. Those nurses who are working in remote areas and have no facilities of higher education.
2. Those that is unable to join regular courses due to various reasons.
3. Those that are already working and cannot be relieved from their duties by their
institutions.
4. Those who feel that they cannot cope up with regular courses within specific time.
RESEARCH STUDIES:-

TOPIC- Nursing student experiences of remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Researcher name- Sharon wallance

Year- 2021
Place- National Center for Biotechnology Information
Abstract:-
Background:- The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a sudden transition to remote
learning. These circumstances presented many challenges for higher education faculty and students
around the world but especially for nursing education programs which are traditionally conducted
in a face-to-face learning environment that includes hands-on experimental learning.

Method:- A qualitative descriptive design was utilize to explore prelicensure nursing students
experiences of the transition to remote learning during the spring 2020 semester. Interviews were
conducted and transcribed using a web conferencing platform. Data were analyzed using
phenomenological reeducation.

Results:- Eleven students participated. Interviews revealed four overacting themes; technological
challenges, academic relationship changes, role stress and strain and resilience.

Conclusion:- The sudden transition to remote learning resulted in a number of challenges for
nursing students. Despite these challenges, students demonstrated a remarkable sense of resilience
and perseverance. Faculty have an opportunity to address student stressors and design remote
courses in such a way to facilitate student engagement and community building.
TOPIC:- Nursing students experiences of a pedagogical transition from campus learning to
distance learning using digital tools.
Published date- 19 January 2021
Researchers name- Kiana Kiani, Ulrica langegard
Journal- BMC nursing
Abstract:-
Background:- The use of distance education using digital tools in higher education has increased
over the last decade, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study aimed to
describe and evaluate nursing students experiences for the pedagogical transition from traditional
campus based learning to distance learning using digital tools.
Method:- The nursing course symptoms and signs of illness underwent a transition from campus
based education to distance learning using digital tools because of the COVID-19 pandemic. This
pedagogical transition in teaching was evaluating using both quantitative and qualitative data
analysis. Focus group interviews (n=9) were analyzed using qualitative content analysis to explore
student's experiences transition and to construct a web-based questionnaire.
The questionnaire comprised 14 items, including two open-ended questions. The questionnaire
comprised was delivered to all courses participates and responses were obtained from 96 of 132
students (73%). Questionnaire data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and comments from
the open-ended questions were used as quotes to highlight the quantitative data.
Results:- The analysis of the focus group interviews extracted three main dimensions: didactic
aspects of digital teaching, study environment and student's own resources. Social interaction was an
overall theme included in all three dimensions after the pedagogical transition. However,
approximately one third of the students appeared to prepare to prepare distance learning using digital
tools.
Conclusion:- The main finding was that the pedagogical transition to distance education reduced
the possibility for students social interactions in their learning process. This negativity affected
several aspects of their experience of distance learning using digital tools, such as reduced
motivation. However, the heterogeneity in the responses suggested that a blended learning approach
may offer pedagogical benefits while maintaining an advantages level of social interaction.
CONCLUSION:-
Day by day our technology is upgrading and distance is one of them. Distance education is one of
them. Distance education is a method of indirect instruction, lifelong education or continuing
education. It helps to all to continue education. It helps to all to continue our study with our job or at
our home to any part of world with any educational institute. It is also helpful for married women to
pursue their studies.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:-
 BOOKS-
1. BHASKARA RAJ ELEKUVANA & BHASKAR NIMA,'' TEXTBOOK OF NURSING
EDUCATION'', 2nd edition 2015, published by emmess medical publisher page 32-38.
2. BASHEER SHEBEER P,'' TEXTBOOK OF NURSINF EDUCATION'', 1st edition 2015
published by emmess medical publishers page 55.
3. FRANCIS M. QUINN & SUZANNE J. HUGHES'',QUINN'S PRINCIPLE & PRACTISE
OF NURSING EDUCATION'', 5th edition 2007 published by Quinn publishers page 165.
4. NEERAJA KP,''TEXTBOOK OF NURSING EDUCATION" 6th edition 2003 published by
jaypee brothers page 363-397.

 WEBSITES-
1. https://www.slideshare.net/anandmsen/distance-education-in-nursing.
2. https://www.slideshare.net/shiva58/distance-education-ppt
3. Wikipedia-Distance education.

 JOURNALS-
1. https://Pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
2. Bncnurs.biomedcentral.com.
GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF NURSING,
JAGDALPUR

SUBJECT:- NURSING EDUCATION

SEMINAR ON:-
DISTANCE EDUCATION IN NURSING

SUBMITTED TO:-
MRS. ANILA MENON SUBMITTED BY:-
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR MISS. AKANSHA MASIH
OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY MSC NURSING 1st YEAR
GOVT. COLLEGE OF NURSING GOVT. COLLEGE OF NURSING
JAGDALPUR JAGDALPUR