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The aurora is caused by the interaction ofhigh-energy particles (usually electrons) with neutral
atoms in the Earth’s upper atmosphere.These high-energy particles can “excite” (by collisions)
valence electrons that are bound to the neutral atom.The excited electrons can then return to
their initial, lower energy state, and in the process release photons (light particles)
https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/images/u2/Aurora.pdf
https://www.alaskaphotographics.com/blog/tips-on-how-to-phograph-the-aurora-borealis/
color-wavelength-1024x205/
A cor esverdeada é a mais comum nas auroras. Isto é porque grande parte da ionização ocorre
a uma altitude de 100 km, onde o oxigénio é o gás predominante.
https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/
images/u2/Aurora.pdf