ee: mourtts Netiasovks (KCS - 603) i a Aint —L. eee ee = Defintian> A Computer N/) iA a telecomrounitatn ees Nag, sthich allows digital devices Cnades ) to _exchary __betiaeen ach oiey Whig rite, lied ox niyelean tomnectiont ta alas 2 mes AGH of S/o). Oe> Interct 2 A_colllertion of “autonomous “computers Se —_—__Intevconnected by Single techno logy 3 Networks Come in anany sizes , cbhapts ave 3 forms, i 2 > : : > They are udyally — connected _topatthes fo _ynake _ foxy ex_netuoi bs, with the “Inteynet wy the! most well Ryaidr eromple af 6 netodrk of networks ‘ de wh = Datu Communication > tabs cchavge of data = Some. ctrangmist0n mcd ur. Bate taxman Cation Apotewn har SComponeubd- a \) Message = _\nfocmation Cdata) ta be S t bx tect a video3. Receiver — Device wha xeceiws the mm Asage 4, Transmission Medium = jp the _phyAical path —by hide message tela fon bended tn xeceiver- 5 Pata =e | ers of Toles that joss the data communication + a bers = — J Rece Veg Ming a ee eee ae, Rule 2_| Prctreel — Cotocal Rule 2 me's : : Jw Seta ian i, esl a Lffec tivwess of Data Cae > _depe vb Pion £ wdawentel “chavactentstica A 1, elivey . Must defver the data. +o corcect destination 2» Accuracy > Must be | dehivered accurately withouct. -any COXM4. Jitter > @efevs to variation nthe packet ‘ 3 at fa = iy avyzival time {6 the uneven delhy pce tte packets (wismateh tn _ audio —_— and _pittuse in_a video ) > Travamission Mode > Data flow between j —__- “ 2 Aystems _caw be ee ae 3 types = laa ttn (le. eubal S coec ie ’ I = = Pere ee Simple Med tulf-Duplex Made —_full-Dyplen Made FR Sides pole > The communication iA = Cu nidivectional , a) a one= way S Atveet .. One device —allutayg_Arenla__and_cithex = g_yeceive. fa Radio, wnause , Tv. it ie Receiver _ Simple | >-4 = | a One_chivection Ouly = Half—Duple Mode > far Atation can both = tyangwit al yee ive, but wot at the ame time. fn. - Walki- Talkie : W__Ohe eae C = Orvily sective and vice ag = In dhs mode, the entive capacity of a i chaynel if tiRey _ovey by whichever of theee er se cs RSE cols aoe at latte SiS Al Dyolen ede? itn tations Con teanswit : and eceive at tre Aqme time. Actually it in 9 thal dupler connectionl, > Telephone nehoork ip an__cxample oft full- ; rd de, eden 2. people axe communica ——ty 4 telephone five, both Can talk ae Mitte at bettie aime oldie: 5 7? The capacity aiustve adoivicl a must be divided between divections . oR Full Duplen &S= foint fo _ fh ivit > A ool inaipaint ca a Connection provides a =p iat Mink between 2. devices. + => 2 oo ee use an actual fe Cable to | Gnnect ee re othey options , Auch a we ox satellite Links, axe alan [/— Uk i point-to-point, PPL tied > A multimint Calio called vullidey) 3 Connection if one im hich aa | uso _Apecific Bictice aauiceinl Bingle _ Yivk. = 7 A > defop bine ¢ Link, 2 3 4 rol Hpoiart [6 = = = =aOT iavtiiain aoe ae wa nigh 2 >» Rerpudce ae ial Aci ish pall Ce b Erootidliog ds 3 > Money 4 Savi =e de> Prnsniser ia ee bs ee nek \nfoxrmatio Vy Soubheiny i Ly a, EES Networks for People > - eS —? fers tp yemote information Person to ~ pevson Communication +? _Inteyactve entertainment Ly flectvomic - Commerce e Cotegones of Netanya — The ae ty into gdhsich oul rare = falls ig delectined by ith _Dige. 3 typeh ~ t WLAN (Local Area N/d) 2) MAN (Metropolitan Area N/w) 3)_WAN (wide Area N/ud)| ~—Phrydical “Topa fay weftrd to ihe way ge =—_> hide: a Nfw is hid P louth Physica ll ; es, Fra Be => ot wore devices _@nnect_to a fink, 2 ox wove _finks ah 2804-8 = Tix topag of 16, the leeometyig 1 —— eat fg 7 i fink? and i Es Molevirels =3 = Tene oe 4 tnaih sir topologies b possible: ese 2 eae Ty oy Ok i a J pe = Meads — bus Riv Stow, = Mesh Tralety 9 Ever fered an a dedicated ——_—__—_—— Ft.

It theve ave on vol a Fully Connectel Hex uth 5 dekizesStax Tales Fach device thas ao Botany ust . ik polut=to— point Link ouly to a_tevtyal _contsollen, usually called _aliiyb. P| oo tga ee Sey al i — — = ho Bo). St of ee ite dull don the hale Aydt at bus char tt mufticoiwt fennill sae tai err ae acta dA _a__ges TR incon backbone tp ie leviceh iw _a N/O- 4 Drop Line az A + bp (ov Hi Stay — bun “pal, = iiseoat Tr Hub | x Hub] ae = eh oho a ick a A cad i aq i — : aeNeto Models > —Layerd oe Z a ( east ald ese of they — aychiterlure. 6 Internat onal ic led) a 8 reaePpenn Spit Intexconnects —“Cawmuni cate a 4X OS a ; 4 5, Sender Broyes F Application Use - | Preseli Layer NR —t> Sohanee cas a ese Transport la layer Layeys of Used Auppont layed . “AS Hert of OS, is Be Network _ Layey Es + Howdwraye . aie Dota ink_Layev_ ( z be ee Scan N/a Sunmtt Lavert yee E __ Phyaical Layer. Recotves ? Ain open _Ayaten if 1-0) a Q 7H cof the tow to facihitate Communi(ate aipad ess of - cae, 8 achitectu res : 3 Communication a het of tet ent OS! wwdel 16 to _Mnowd between co yAkeund et eee aa a) louic of the red each ies Hd & Sha. ya Foe _ 051 made jig nate ne) bia e model fox unde ndeditarding and oid a Nig — 3 orifice oso gne it plenile ubt avd inte operable» s pete of % _deoerate tnt yehlel ayers, each of hide defines’ a pat of the role ss of maouiie infovwation BCYOS uu ea). Nf OS Lametelae i Application | [AW [Dat Dijegetakon fen} an Data | ee a Sa [Px [aw] Oe | Transport. | ___[ {5 | wT an] Be Nekiork | Wap TH S| OR [An [oat] Ore Link | Jon fuftn [su [ea ea patalo7] Physical NV Darla bits transfer on the Media} mann"Date:. ta ZA sed rae > orden _Laye™ > Fos, veld is Sansa. Aiwole Tito’ cach faye ca upon tte ee tre ayer just below) it. s for enample | Layes % wes the _ eyvicesiot 4 provides Aewices to Layty 4. SO Gclseba wade! slayer ‘pats pne voamadune Si Penrivicalone is gocentd toy 09 ag xctd a teres of ules and “ conventions called protocls, Fie pavdae a, wads that communs att, 4 : al ——ai_4 given e called —o- pee ae aide’ ‘ : Device B if eet — es) fia) _ — keener foal C7 Teed, Peer—t6 A €— ——~ 9h b—-—y'N On So ee) ec > ee aes ol > Physical Cowmatenrs cot tomPhyrical Layed EP oa ewe aye defines the pep thecaccteaitsics oof the interface thoee the! devices 7" the _tyanAmis sion medium. ee clei nig _ Recetvey __ Frown data Link let ia Data Lb Layey Physical Layer [on rital Layer ) lellotol of play 7 ia. apart — Transmission .Meol{ uw = (Wired ov unwived ) > Representution of bits > Te phydical layer — | data congiats of a Btyeam of bity Coeguerce of on % 6) with no => (ntexpretation. fo ae mitting , bits must be ___@ncoded _in 4 eg ox optical). Data Link Layer 3 iy te ico ¢ orl ett a ysl ayer __ ree wir > haa \ . ae ale ola | bia intp oa | predefined Gade. Petal on 9 es Spey sig) = Foe me tod of ee the bits 35 Gbled | fhe pgof bra sent each becond i4 abso ate by. ie Co ayer f Tost pay Balin “ uxati = ricel fayer 4 of devices aiaeen wrth the noe medias cae > Mesh b> Stay Tree Ly hybrid 2? Transmission Mode > en ee L alto a between 9 devices i.e = ae du plen av fbet ee Te 7 Seyment NL + Daag yoo DLL > Frowe — = Fini Fhe Oi dlvidens tess teas of bits, Le —_xeceived fiom the N/d layed into a cee dela units called frames. —_ = Heade x Dota Thaikey p sada a : a ee SM cdi BW aS yon stain otic 5 . Ze Phy ical addresning (mac addiey) > if Frome) are 4 to be distxibuted eve: at awayxtempuion the network , the DLL yeceivey of the frome. MAC adders <— © byte ona2 Access towtwnl > When 2 0% wove devices axe piconets @ Aawe fink, DLL © — pls -ast_necesasy tp erento ee has covitrol_over_the “fink. ao time _¥ 3 as fee = a w= ach { nitalled -cacee mnedi wf Pach boro . 3a Gb AtowA ble - LIS EDNA ul SS cSimA TOMA CSMA/CpD = Sie sCDNA 3 CSMA/CAaa a Layer iA sesponsible fors_the Sousre-to- } ___destinatian —dellive . ti of a packet possibly acyass n Niven a wultiple schaciiea ffi) 2 =~ Legical Addses ig > Neca. paket pusach fo~tre pont. doe Yiecni Noes boundaryily -eslaneehaes anothex add, tm p di vie ard__destiration” Ayslens» “Pre NA) Lovey odds _a 3 header to the packet Coming fon the _uppet Daye that, awn they fis includ reel \ i tec od the holt ke yeceiver- ical = Ex) Clan full add yesaug defers addacsrng ubweliy =a = Routing > hen independent: Nyon of Links — ave O tomnécted to cxeate interme ots | ont = i wnecti evices Called ot further) route ov “Aulich the packets to a the fivel deptivation. One of the fictions of | e Nid) iA ato oviche ths mechanism. Dae os ee[Distance veetox | iL Link State | Rip OSPF Grate Sa 2 Sesvice =privt add essing > The Esanipott—byect wudt include a type of —adllicss culled Service poivt address Cox pout eddreys). The wid layed eath packet to the 3 Computes; the _ eds torte ae fo the - Fre “thansport layer _ ptr fp — prc delesy te nl to» identi anf replace» packets that : : fe didlo weye netSy Connection lovitral 2 Tre trowsport Joye can SEM Sieg hlin mabe Shes einen or. => petconeation Winviévted ut. iy tne. at ee oe ~—fl_tonnectionless transport Jayer treats each _ > —_Atrment of an independevt — packet and delivers - paee tothe trankpoxt fayex at _the_dejtinahion = —withine. bu UP sae -__A_unechon = oriented -transpoetlloyes makes a = Comnection with the ty i ey ai je al = destivation wachinefiyst _befo eg the — th: After all the data ave _tyarhferyed Btw conection is themarntteh texminated «AIT CP = Fld covtyol > Like tre DLL, the tronsport hye Sg ego ser flo covitval. ” However; flo.d_coutiol at this layed 15 _pecforwel = end to ewd yathex than acvons a Aivoyle Sink. > Exor contd! > Like tre DLL the hawipst = —________fyed _i& ves pon sible fox exter mq erticl_teneves, eto _contol at this fa = is _peiformed _pievest—to =process _yather_than Riz &. sey tina led maken ae oat 4 Aye endive wt psage axes at the xeceivitg q tyanspoyt wathout Cricr Celamage Doss “ex Ch wes ection i achieved ‘vvough ackranhwidsion. a , ——2. aol Bergin i4_the nehioil teitiolk Ht establishes, maintaina and shidaals the = interaction avapag oot Ayres, _-___ 2 ie tettion tyes silale. m3 di t ___ eovttiol 7a o 2 2 Dialeg Covel Sin gt a2 heh vce onleviley into - {t allaos 1 He! communication hefacew 2 process! Sto take — place in_either tulf duplex ov fill duper weode- > Sconigation’ The Aéasion hayes allods pugs ellie a wpe bhdfoiats of Aynchioniytar points, tp a _Atreawr of data. Ee > Trongletion? © ‘ Crunnine Sprorraws ) i oD. Ayrtewss axe changing iieecedte nue , ond 40 on. 2 bee lag bent ae fae diferent ial We aiffexett enc predtntatioin tf ae een Piplapeabliy bekdeen od fs. Sntadivg welholl +sREIN ogicsorsenv The _ presentation Saye ol the Sender chang cp the information “from its _Aerdex = deptvidect into 0. Common. foywat: “The _ynachive Format edenntation Shyer at the wecciviny. i Teceiver- ch = ta foxwat ea aera — im 2 bncayption To cacty ~ bensilive foi stem must be able tp enduae ee Ew __thatoymp the -0 Wee origi fom and 2 SO, te NAO, > => Decayption evexAe igt ORAS pa cant a es chip tack to its a Comp esSion > Datu Compression seduces the E. '4 of bits “a eS the Common _ i int ses hy) cayption _mndans “that the Aewley igival tnfoywation to another ae _numbesApplication, layer Seyices? i 1) File tanafer,. ales _& uy aa 2. » Tis application —Allewos seta urey tp acces files in . semote_ — tek law A of 2 cath data), to retrieve _ 2. Computer/ fox ub mn om = focal —tamputer, ard to wm —in_a__yemate computer lly, vio uetons “So 2) Mail Sewices > This application provides the P oe wall a ae | tl Ange. Siena > This applica 0 Caxton _préc felch _ distytbutal data hources. and __atce of global infoxwation abot various! cloyects ke _nevites- E a 4) Nw Vitual Trevnimal > And vivkul tenuis Sa Sh Vesslon of phyla! eieinal and it alla wre te emo: ia BS; lan [on e_xemote hast. “Fre ure . i: iC és vi Se tae Se eee believes tt is petitetiaity with one of _, pa oun terminals and “alles the wey Ons_ TCP/IP Model oR frotocal Suites > lt was develloped prior to the OS! Modell. VuuUUNOND UuUUUDe Date.......... — Addxers, 4 atid. 5 Levels of addressing Oye wea in_an_ internet employing the TceP/IP. petals: 2s 5 Add wesc € __ Payaical ; siitoit kn ome —# —_Addyer se’ Adel vases Advts hes Adcrersex Ee Relationship of layers and _acklveases th TEP LIP = 5 Specific Repl tation Layer Procenses odd ACB _Tusgort ayes STP TeP_vOP =iee = a ro! NetiosR _Layey IP and other frotocols —> See Data Link Loyed Under yi > Ebyrical Phy\weal 7 ie add eyed Phyvcal Layes lelesov ks DTADRRA __Phyaicol Addresses > > Also Rvoon af Link addyess. ‘ add by tts LAN ox WAN => It ip incfuded th the fanme ured by the Data Livk Loyea(-DLL) lo. ie: > Phypicel adders thaye authority —ovex_ the N/d CLAN, wa 2 Te Bie awd foywat of these addvesses vary —deptnding on_the N/a.a st ee eotomple , Ethevvel wes a 6 byte C48 bit) Physical addrens that is imprinted on the N/a ae Socom Coad CMI) loa Tak (Apple) howevey ieee 1 byte halves that Changes @ach time — ___the lation _ Comes Yor OO Eee Logical: Addieasen > E os necessary for universal communication, that aoe independent _of underlying -_phyrical Nida. > Physical add gers axe not adeguate tn an ___intesnetwoyk _enviexonment whexe _dievew P nehoovks tan have different addvess forwnafs, 2A Segical addecas in the Intednet 14 curren . BL bit addvess CIP a that Gn un Suef, ues hoSt comnected to Internet. z > The amen add sepa es aa dad frown top to hop, bout the fog deh, usually, xewain the Aawe-_ Dost fld-censes > ; > In_intermet communication a proces Can Communic wifn anole’ proces of diffexent machine. 2 fer ©1+5 Computer Pimast Comininitate with Comply i 1b Et es A can ele RS cot Compiyter B Udieg ETP. ~ Fox these pyocesseh fo yereive data _simuftaneashl, me edi A. e Ef e In_the Te adthutec e ‘ cont a_poxt tee > It_is IC bith iwSS - oe (niinenili ae — bit ‘the Aeplcal ond pel odd ceased rere PE Bewain the “Some, | — Specific Addyeages > Es e 2 Some pili trove. wes friendly addyecs ® thats togt — designed _ that _Aptcific addyers. = for ex, the “email adders C vinaya hk @ Avincernacin SEY Sita Qi eCdwinw, Sen cemsbicaiOh Se > These addses ger b however, get changed oe _port__and —Aogical sy _aithe edi dewipilitay Hu) svat ah a & Rivvenia ton Media > & Sender Recetves [Al pial L : t aa Phyrical layed Physical layes eS Transmission Medium a . Cable ox aix rdoaft po wediBeane ay i ed Cwived ) | Beets pir a a > Twisted -Paiy —_(oanial __Fibex- Optic _faree_Spuce(EMw)) BB coble cable tab fle (th i x Rodin Wowe Micxalave lh PE Guede vedas \ > Twisted paix and _toonial cable wre __wetal ie BCeoppey) stownluctoisthate accept he teamsspontt Aigvals (nthe form of electric Cucient “Ss Optteal fcbwey ib 4 Cable that accepts £ transports 3 dima iv tine fowl woh Slickdeals —TTaisted paix Gable > | < z ms a SOS SB tainted pri condita _of 2 a Cooswnlly Ie: | ther. mS the whi i +o xy hi fo the veceivey and the othey i _wed = OMly of a_i ee il the AifFexence OF 4 Vad 0 2 autor dicen Coma, a > The wise ox caosstalk in the_2 parallelNote? Twisted priv cables wd Kd dlephore Lines to provide Voice A data channels. 15 Speed fo mbps to Jo y bps: Date:....\Waed im LAN: —lorductors ia high tut this Is gaeatly yedwed —in_twisted paix’ cables due +o a I —_Chayacterigtic. 2m ow the _fivst twist, one conductor if near —to_woige Aouse and te othey 18 fav_fram _ —the _Aource but in the nett taist the _ eee ae dm the xeAultant noise every fess and hence the balance jn —Agral quality 14 maintained and the vecelver™ KeCeivek vew Sess or no _woide. Sa quality — of Aignal in “in twigted pare cbblee gastattly depends “pon the vo. of torata_peo™ Unit Length of tre Cable \nnew y 5 oo f 4 Conductors flayhe Cove ° Cohield )? Speed ip jo mbps ty 100 mbps y ro f z 6 _ Seay (ov Coan) carries pitas of 2 higher frepuenty anges than _ twipte! palt cables. ra Single Dalid _Coppev “wire Core tat i6 vexed saree by isnulating matesial. << G ~ Copper mesh” if vbed to _Covex__the intubated — Copper wre to protect from (noise) clectso-_ F 3 A. EE = Cfyies loath analog. 4 cbigrta! gals. tin hed for ideo“ eanaeAesiook TF televisions , fo Ox for long —clistance telephove =. diner ond LAN, - x6 2 Jopert, td Iter types thicknet and thinnet+ = > Expensive than tinjsteol parr and met Compatible with TPC, Fiber Optics > Lens dense _wédlian IIe — = DReceives <= e > moze dense _wediuwn > Speed is 100 _g bps + = > Dige Ge tent ; a art tiontlated ock in to_electyical Aigvals. > Fine pats. Atiard _ustourded by glayhClelding awd “ protective Sayer > Lilans claire _veflects i ick into the Core, Sedia ( Wivefer Media) > _tf Hoxwapral waves CEMW) of i Feeyueniicn 8 ave _uped —Hictostoves “> nt Carttreaniktitips ‘bd atplacu) Heed iia iby _wabph do _0.ebps “asso eas ee fo _tigh cee teanhmission oo Information As Aart via _micvowoves from gapund bused sbonsmiting ard _-yeceivivy — Atations: bs > Teott, sound of aeaphics one converted ictal mitxowave “ie and trarfwitted. x > _Micsowove stations (also known as.) xepeate wut be iplaced every 50 Kms to and then pars the Ay _ along. Radin wover> Bondcart Radin 2 cE => Speed ip _|_mbps to lo mbps. > Used fox coudless phones, AM ke £m andi _ US as fx_toth voice _£ data > Caudinvel Jovy digtances ard penetaates + hal ¥ \ ive it. = Tie iveds whieh aw _avténna to _seccive a — ene of the sort bamadeat fadio Bluetootts. - aaa a yate | Mops> midisectional and Pe Colfutny Plio > inpecure Interference Auch ab ay fio. Water => Speed ip _lo_mbps _atilasel iat ia of - - Bo Wel in wweless a telephone 0 ) > Uses hi enty radio _ wave __ 40 3 a ___tyamwit voice fe dilate arta ae connect _mabile “computers to — the 7? Gn = cellular telephone +p acres the _eseb 2 —Perrowl communication Services CPS) is 6 lt —? SR > lt works vey a pee Ne = and _abyhs 1b Spe band width feo meteys fincol_ to toanfer data ee. ical to host “ange channel bike ole toot 2 ot FYE oH jwh thot Q FE Se lear7 e in Computes network — helps Gy, deciding the _hebt e —Youte for data transmission ap theye are | ——vmultigle pnts in a hvger network. __® 7 One = to - One Connection pa i - ee = [ee Gea eng Bcket = sed chi saat ‘ Sw) ing ito j= i odd a — Ciscuit Switchive ? Ceomection 0 7. . a Ss * eCe Ivey mie Fe e& > Refore data transfer, Connection wt a as first —_ rot xepivd) e& er Enample | Telephon redos > 3 phadep in Cixduit Auartdyet e& )) “Connection establishment 2) Data +aanhfere 3) Gunettion disconnection—Hieotage ae y aitchivg F Connection Less Seprice) tof and $s aoa __ mechani fn. (Hop by top delivery), > Message is tuonsfesvd ah a Complete We Wintel forwarded phi Atove and __ forward mechanism at the tnbeymedions, —_ Node » fo indviue_—clunks- calle” an e Ya mee : > back eee ip hent rrdlividually. > bach packet will +we seurte £ destination BNP addyery, with nce number oe o4 ali, pan ee 1) Reovdey the packets. 2) Detect _wis3irg packets ) Send, acKnoufledam nts =7_2 _appzad t_Awitchi 1) Datay gave appyoach 2) Vix fuah —civeuit approachae Apoxaach > Lcstncchtoitend WeA in lntemet = Dasogeson facket™ Seoitclat coe commecti wi itd. 2? Fach _ivdependent en iy aisis. Lara pe lila ae —? Datagsams contain destination in fee Up llal and" the weer devicer uses this ? information to ee toxin _ destination. id 7 datery rom packet Melee end, ial oa (Bak of aader)—_ ae eee nodes oe the 12 __fortadoard the packets. ee — Raesvahio nk RT E vt 2) a ree are i Approach > Connection aan => Virtual —Cbeeuit Buwite dyad ctiov — ovte wit chi In the cake. sar virtual, roma Same the. _weAhapen at fet s( Seve oder} 1 = the _@mecttan 5. eloeen _fewley L veceivey. > _|n_this aoproach, the path fined forthe duiation of Jogical convection. mRinmihW TFDifference b/o Fage(own Packect Suite iaiee a ea) Con nec tionLens Datag sum & Virtual cht ? Virtual cigtuit facket Sitting U __lornection - Oriented v) No Reservator Reresvatun CCPU, _ buffer, loandsidth ) 3) Out of Oden 5 4) High Overhead 5) Mowe Packet Lot T 6) Ud in Inleynet D_ Coat fh eee) Effi tency 1 Less Overhead (Gobel teadles in tpt) Les _facket lost 1 26, ATM st Efe tient + ey eh, wee