Name: Muvida Dheliana

Registered Number: F041201065

Final Test
THE CHAPTER IN PRESPECTIVE
Who Are These People?
1. Gilbert: Gilbert was a noted English navigator, soldier and explorer of the early
Elizabethan Age
2. Oglethorpe: Was a British soldier, Member of Parliament, and philanthropist, as well
as the founder of the colony of Georgia in what was then British America
3. Raleigh: Was an English explorer, soldier and writer. At age 17, he fought with the
French Huguenots and later studied at Oxford. He became a favorite of Queen
Elizabeth after serving in her army in Ireland.
4. Andros: Was an English colonial administrator in British America. He was the
governor of the Dominion of New England during most of its three-year existence.
5. John Smith: John Smith, a soldier of fortune, is credited with initiating American
literature. His chief books included A True Relation of…Virginia…(1608) and The
Generall Historie of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles (1624)
6. Penn: William Penn was an English Quaker leader and advocate of religious freedom
who oversaw the founding of Pennsylvania as a refuge for Quakers and other
religious minorities of Europe.
7. Berkeley: Berkeley was co-proprietor of New Jersey from 1664 to 1674. In 1665,
Berkeley and Sir George Carteret drafted the Concession and Agreement, a
proclamation for the structure of the government for the Province of New Jersey.
8. Winthrop: John Winthrop (1588-1649) was the first governor of the Massachusetts
Bay Colony and a prominent figure among the Puritan founders of New England.
9. Lord Baltimore: English statesman who projected the founding of the North American
province of Maryland, in an effort to find a sanctuary for practicing Roman Catholics.
10. Roger Williams: English colonist in New England, founder of the colony of Rhode
Island and pioneer of religious liberty.
Where Are These Places?
1. Roanoke Colony: The first Roanoke colony was founded by governor Ralph Lane in
1585 on Roanoke Island in what is now Dare County, North Carolina, United States.
2. New Amsterdam: was a 17th-century Dutch settlement established at the southern tip
of Manhattan Island
 3. Hudson River: Hudson River, river in New York state,
4. Virginia: Virginia is located on the Atlantic coast along the line that divides the
northern and southern.
5. Jamestown: located near present-day Williamsburg, Virginia.
6. Plymouth: Plymouth is located approximately 40 miles (64 km) south of Boston,
Massachusetts in a region known as the South Shore.
7. Massachusetts Bay Colony: included parts of New England, centered around Boston
and Salem.
What Do These Dates and Terms Mean?
1. Separatists: also known as Independents, were English Protestants in the 16th and
17th centuries who wanted to break away from the Church of England’s alleged
corruption and set up their own local churches.
2. Puritans: The Puritans were British Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries. They
tried to get rid of the Roman Catholic tradition of the Church of England.
3. Mayflower: Mayflower was an English ship that transported a group of English
families, known today as the Pilgrims, from England to the New World in 1620.
4. Quakers: The Religious Society of Friends, also referred to as the Quaker Movement,
was founded in England in the 17th century by George Fox.
5. Pilgrims: is a traveler (literally one who has come from afar) who is on a journey to a
holy place. Typically, this is a physical journey (often on foot) to some place of
special significance to the adherent of a particular religious belief system.
6. 1620: The Pilgrims were separatist Puritans who fled persecution in England, first to
the Netherlands and ultimately to Plymouth Plantation in 1620
7. London Company: Virginia Company of London, also called London Company,
commercial trading company, chartered by King James I of England in April 1606
8. Plymouth Company: the Plymouth Company, officially known as the Plymouth
Company of London, was a division of the Virginia Company with responsibility for
colonizing the east coast of America between latitudes 38° and 45° N
9. Act Concerning Religion: was religious tolerance for Trinitarian Christians. The Act
allowed freedom of worship for all Trinitarian Christians in Maryland, but sentenced
to death anyone who denied the divinity of Jesus.
10. House of Burgesses: House of Burgesses, representative assembly in colonial
Virginia, which was an outgrowth of the first elective governing body in a British
overseas possession, the General Assembly of Virginia.
 11. Dominion of New England: he Dominion of New England from 1686 to 1689 was a
province created by combining the British colonies in North America which included
present-day Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont,
Maine, and starting 7 May 1688 New Jersey, and New York.
12. Fundamental Orders: In 1635, immigrants from Massachusetts settled near Hartford,
Connecticut, and by 1639 had created “Fundamental Orders” for the governance of
their settlement.
13. Mayflower Compact: The Mayflower Compact, originally titled Agreement Between
the Settlers of New Plymouth, was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony.
14. 1630: John Winthrop helps in founding a church in Massachusetts, which will later
become known as First Church in Boston.
15. charter: charter, a document granting certain specified rights, powers, privileges, or
functions from the sovereign power of a state to an individual, corporation, city, or
other unit of local organization.
16. 1649: The Maryland Toleration Act is passed by the colony's assembly, allowing for
religious freedom
17. 1619: First enslaved Africans arrive in Jamestown, setting the stage for slavery in
North America.
18. Grand Mode: The pattern of early American imitation and absorption of British
models and the gradual reversal of the process to a more reciprocal interrelationship
also manifested itself in popular culture.
19. 1607: They founded Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in North
America.
Questions for Study
1. Discuss fully the similarities and the differences that existed in the early English
colonies.
= The similarities: The colonies were alike in that they all had close ties to England.
They were mainly inhabited by English-speaking people. Aside from some of
Maryland, they were largely Protestant. They had their own forms of self-government,
but they owed their allegiance to Parliament and the King.
The differences: The colonies developed into three distinct regions: New England, the
Middle Colonies, and the Southern Colonies. Each region developed a different
economy and society. Cold winters, short growing season, and a rugged landscape.
Temperate climate, longer growing season, landscape of fields and valleys.
2. Why did many people who sought and obtained religious freedom in the New World
become intolerant of other religions?
= The Puritans were seeking freedom, but they didn't understand the idea of
toleration. They came to America to find religious freedom—but only for themselves.
They had little tolerance or even respect for the Pequot Indians, who lived in nearby
Connecticut and Rhode Island. They called them heathens. As more and more Puritan
settlers moved into their land, the Pequots got angry and resisted. In 1637 war broke
out, and the Puritans, helped by Mohican and Narraganset Indian allies, massacred
600 Pequots in their fort, burning many alive.
3. Explain why the largest colonial settlements were found along the Atlantic coastline.
= they wanted to establish a trading network in North America. ... British – Claimed
land along the Atlantic coast between the Appalachian Mountains and the coastline,
they wanted lands in North America to compete with their European rivals. 1607. The
first permanent English settlement is established at Jamestown Virginia.
4. How did the early colonists attempt to govern themselves under written rules?
= many of the colonists chose to establish a government. Each colony had its own
government. The Articles of Confederation (1781-1789) were America's first attempt
to govern itself as an independent nation. They united the states as a confederation - a
loose league of states represented in a Congress.
5. Why were the theories of Roger Williams bound to get him into conflict with the
rulers of Massachusetts?
= Religious dissident Roger Williams is banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony
by the General Court of Massachusetts. Williams had spoken out against the right of
civil authorities to punish religious dissension and to confiscate Native American
land.
6. How do you think the average Englishman looked upon the colonies by 1732?
= most colonists simply saw themselves as defending their rights as citizens of the
British Empire. They believed in a peaceful settlement. Others believed that if the
Crown could tax them without representation, then other rights might be taken away
from them.
7. What were the chief geographic differences among the Southern, Middle, and New
England colonies?
= The colonies developed into three distinct regions: New England, the Middle
Colonies, and the Southern Colonies. Each region developed a different economy and
 society. Cold winters, short growing season, and a rugged landscape. Temperate
climate, longer growing season, landscape of fields and valleys.
8. Show how geography influenced the economies of the early English settlements.
= Geography caused some colonies to become centers of trade, and others to output
huge amounts of crops. Geography controlled every detail of the colonies, as well as
the rest of the world, and still does to this day. The Mid-Atlantic colonies used their
large rivers, fertile soil and open plains for large scale farming. The topography of an
area was important for early human settlement. Farmers preferred to settle in flat,
open areas such as plains and valleys. Large, flat spaces gave farmers room to plant
crops. Additionally, the rich soil in coastal plains and river valleys was ideal for
growing these crops.