x TBBA ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR uestion No: 1) Wats organizational ehavir? Give the importance of OB nan organization? The word ‘Organizational Behaver~ hs ho wads ‘erganzaten‘and ‘Behav. 2] We can define the term organization as two. shel who ara interacting with each other within a delierataly structured set up and working i" an ntardependert way to achieve some common objectives. “| Wecan ten tn tr Bahaouras te mare hich oe thors, eaten recone a pre rnin response extort smut | “Organnatonl enevou an be dled a tess of wat prop th fe nd dn and around organizations ‘The va of erganizational behaviors that slater important aspect tho managr'soband offers spect perspective onthe human side of management , > People as organizations > People as resources > People as people ‘The scope ofthe organizational behavior is as under: (3) impact of persona on prtrmance (} Employee metnaton () Leases (2) Howto ese etectve toans and goups (@ knpact of ctu on organizational behaviour (9 Maragerant of conic and sess (2) Oganzatorai deveopment V(r) Orgarizasoralcutre (6) Grow beravour, power and polis inpotarce of Organzstonal Behaviors 1 | Step: Define cganzatona behavior to make sue everyone has a clear Hoa of what th phrase fest, ‘Step? Descrbe how certain behaviors goeraod by ndvidals can hut or hlpanergarizaon, * 4 Step 5 Define company oilure ~ the shared values, experiences ues and bahavioral expectationsof an organization ~ and escuss how the cute can postieiy o regal invence te behavior of those wii i Step Port oa tt understanding the motves behind prcblemtie:ganzaticnal behaviors is step toward sharing hose behaviors forte beter. ‘Step 5. Port out at cing te criving force behind constuctve igsrzaona behaviors alows managers to motvate more tough ncenve plans and fewarts, suc as pomtons. |] Step 6: Desarbe how an understanding of organizatonal behaviors lps management pod the reacon to and elects cf pteisl changes in poicy and Procedure before implamentaion ard possibly mitigate resistance to change, ETT Cer re ET ns: There ae sone important Sscpines inte ergnizaonl behav fd which developed it extensively Due to an increase in erganizationl comple, varios types cf nowedge are required and help in many ways 6 Contributing Discipines to the Organization Benavior _ Psychology —Souclogy. Social Psychology. Economies. Anthropology. Poltical Sciences, : : Psychology Psychology has pechors the ist infvence on the field of organizational behavior because itis @ psychologist studies almost all aspects Of behavior. ~ | syehology deals wih studying human behavior thet seeks fo explain and sometimes change the behavior humans end other Psyenobaist ae primer interested in predicting the behavior of rvidvas to a great extent by observing tne dynamics of personal factors PRESIDENCY COLLEGE Page 1| TBBA ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR uy | “Those who have contributed and continued to add tothe knowledge of OB ae teaching theorists, personalty theorists, coun logss and primary. industnal and organizational psycholog st Sox ay The major focus of sociologists is on studying the social systems in which individuals i their roles. The focus is on group dynam ‘They have made their greatest contribution to OB through their study of aroup behavior in organization, particularly f formal and ™ organzatons sconces, neores, models, and echniques help sgnifcanty to understand ete he aroup dynamics, orcanizatiag! culture, formal organization theory and structure, corporate technology, bureaucracy, communications, power, conflict, and ney behavior. Psychologists are prmarily interested in focusing their attention on the individual behavior. | Key concepts of Sociology are, ‘Most sociologists today identify the discipline by using one of the three statements: { J Sociology deals wth human ineracton and ths communication are the key influencing factor amon people in sci settings. 5 _ Sociology is a study of plural behavior. Two of more interacting individuals constitute a plurality pattern of behavior Sociology is the systematic study of social systems; { ‘A social system is an operational social unit that is structured to serve a purpose, It consists of two or more persons of different status with various roles playing a part in a pattern that is sustained by a physical, ang cultural ‘Social Psychology Ithas been defined as the scientific investigation of how the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined or plied the pr It oeals wan now people are affec whose presence is implied In general, sociology focuses on how groups, organizations, social categories, and societies are organized, how they function, how, nalysis is the group as a dividuals who compose the group. ‘Socal Psycnology deals wth many of the same phenomena but seeks to explain whole individual human interaction and hi n influences culture and is influenced by culture, the individual within the group ‘orms of sociology are closely related to social psychology. clog sts study an enormous range of topics including conformity. persuasion, power, influence, obedience, prejuci reotyping, sexism and racism, small groups, social categories, inter-group behavior, crowd behavior, social c je. decision making, etc main a of anthropology is to acquire a better understanding of the! relationship between the human being and the environms Adaptations fo surroundings constitute culture. The manner in which people view their surroundings is a part of the culture, Culture includes those ideas shared by groups of individuals and languages by which these ideas are communicated. | culture is 2 system of learned behavior. mona peone in ciferent counties and wan different organizations. iLunderstendings of organizational culture, environments, and differences between national cultur te work of arhtooleas or Rose sve hee matrocelges, of individuals and groups wathin a political envio They contrbute to understanding the dynamics of power centers, structuring of conflict and conflct resolutions tactics, allocationof | power and how people manipulate power for individual self-interest 1 In.a business field, organizations wanted fo attain supremacy in thei field and indulge in politicking activities to gain maximum — | advantages by following certain’ tasks like Machiavelianism, coaiton formation, malpractices, etc ‘The knowedge of potcal sence canbe uized in te study the behavior of employees, executes. at micro a8 wel as macolel conor Economics contnbutes organizational behavior to a great extent in designing the organizational structure. Transaction cost economics influence the organization and its structure ‘ansaction costs economics implies costs components to make an exchange on the market. ‘Ths transaction cost economics examines the extent to which the organization structure and size of an organization varies io ‘response to attempts to avoid market failures through minimizing production and transaction costs within the constraints of huma ‘and environmental factors. Costs of transactions include both, costs. of market transactions and internal coordination. PRESIDENCY COLLEGE Page 2ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR UNIT-1 DMM “Te tern atvaton’has og in he Lan word “move” which means f"move™. Tus, motivation slands for movement : Te tern matvaon maybe dened as “bo marageal incon scraing te tives cf suordates and hing tha to eaiza hase moves motivations the term, ich apis tthe ei iss of urges, ives, ostes, ees an simda forces Motivation consists of tre interacting and independent etements > NEED: Need are created when there is physiological or psychological imbalance > DRIVES: _Drves are setup to slevite need. physiological and psychologal dives are action orerted and provide an enercizng trust lowards reaching aincentive > INCENTIVES : At the end of motwation cycle I he incentive, anthng that wil alleviate tho need and educe ace, Thus aaring an rcenve wil tend 1 restore physiological or psychological balance and wil reduce te iv, Example: Eating food, Denking water ‘Question No:3) Explain Mastow’s theory of motivation? What are implications of Ma meee “This heorys a classical representation cf human motivation. This theory s based onthe assumption tal there is a hierarchy of five needs within each “These five reads ae as folows io leach five needs wiin each incu. + BRTBOLOGIAL NEEDS eset tac rts ef; tr nin ashe chr wos. soil ets He needs for base anentbes of. 2, SAFETY NEEDS- Safety needs include physical, environmental and emotional sfty and protectin, Forintance- Jb seu, ancl seu, protection «rom amas, fart security, heath secu, el. $1 SOCIAL NEEDS - Socal needs nce the need forlve, affection care, belongngness, and fienshi. {ESTEEM NEEDS - Esteem needs ae of two types: rtralestoom needs (se respect confidence, cometenos, achievement and redo) and extemal estoom noeds ‘ecognton, power, statu, anton and amaton), '5Selfactuatzation need. Ths include the urge to became what you are capi cf becoming / what you have the potential to become. ints the need fr jones and se-costertent Italo inudes dese fo gening mor knowledge, soca service, eat and beng asta. Thee actsizon needs See never kl stable. As an indvdual gros psychologcaly, opportuni keep croping upto continue growing IMPLICATIONS OF NASLOW'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY Ys for 2 the physiol needs ae concerned the managers stad gre employees sep sales 0 purchase the base necessities of ie 7 haters te sly needs a cmoared, he manag shu pre he enplcyess samy, sean HB wat ‘mvcrmert, ndrlrement benefits so as fret tem \/_ Aster sei noes ar concenad, te management shal rena earwor end ee social events, on acai a8 econ vender coe, be manage cn apps a or9 eres HINT fal as tem cng besos egy he pk poston enn. vote yeni recor, mar cage he ents cae pbs Wubi beens ‘fra sca ee a opto cen BE DCN En PRESIDENCY COLLEGE Page 3TBBA * ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR TS Explain various theories of learni ‘acquistion of knowledge, attitudes and values, emoy fing a computer Keyboard or cidng abicyce). | COSTE NES ce Learring covers virtually all behaviors and is concerned with the responses (such as happiness and fear), and motor skils (such as opera Learning may be defined as “any relatively permanent change in behaviour or behavioural potential produced by experience’ temporary. They are some behavioural changes take place due to the use of drugs, alcohol, or fatigue. Such changes are rat ccons- idered learning. Therefore, changes are due to practice and experience, and relatively permanent, alone are ilutratve cy teaming. ; i ‘ ke place due to learning are + First, leaming always involves some kind of experience, Second, the behavioural changes that ta te leaming cannot be observed directly. We can only observe a person's behaviour and draw the inference from i that learning has taken p a Pe THEORIES OF LEARNING : > CLASSICAL CONDITIONING : : : a Iti a process of behavior modification by whic a subject comes fo respond in a desired manner to a previously neuirl stimulus het hasty, presented along with an unconditioned stimulus that elicits the desired response " PAVOV'S DOGS :_ Pavlov paired the meat r wih varus stimu such 2 he ringing ofa bel. ter the met and bell (eu stn together several times, Once the bell was used alone without any meat and Paviov's dogs predicted that it was bell wth meat, res sound of the bel (without the food). The bell began as a neutral stimulus (ie. the bell ise did not produce the dogs sav) pa demonstrated how stimulusresponse bonds (which some consider as the basic building blocks of learning) are formed. Iintechncal terms, the meat powder is Considered an uncondioned stimulus (UCS) and the dog's salivaton is the unconditioned respons gy a neutal stmulus untl the dog ears to associate the bell wth food. Then the bell ecomes a conditioned stimulus (CS) wich pots response (CR) of salvation ater repeated pairings between the bell and food Stimulus: Response 2.OPERANT CONDITIONING : ‘ tis the basic process by which an individua's behavior is shaped by reinforcement or by punishment. To help reduce the frequency of employee lateness, the researchers implemented a game-like system for all employees that arived one employee arrived on time, they were allowed to draw a card. Over the course of a 5-day workweek, the employee would havea ul hand for plc kt ofthe week, the best hand won a gift. This simple method reduced employee lateness significantly - a Response Stimulus S.COGNTVETHEORY OF LEARNING: Cape pros anmesta pean ons ate patches intowtey kan ; roles dpuringentemenngessyeibai Ne) Bm" Conve tay dean saan hele og kans temeriy dts tis Stimulus ———-—--—---—---Stimulus SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY :_ social learning theory isa perspective tha tals that ‘a8 modeling and observational learning, People, especialy children, eam from the en ‘models. Social leering theory isa perspective that states that socal behavior (an rf imting te acions cf oes, The Sec betovor sao enced by bln earadon ane aN soils leaned na}'wouyees wno Wear blue collars may be percetved & « arises from within the in que. It make a person unit Personality is made up the characteristic pattems of thoughts, feelings, and behavirs that fairly consistent throughout life f ‘A psychological factor that influence individual factor { Elements thal give meaning to personality > f 1) External ‘ 2) tntemal 4 -sociabilly, External elements are that observable behavior that we notice in an individual's personally ‘ a apie behavior Ina state a represent he houghis, values and ganets carat that wef om Individual personaly is relatively stable. changes at al it changes only after a very long THEORIES OF PERSONALITY Type Trait | Social earning TYPE THEORY : According to type theory , people grouped into two groups STRUCTURE OF THE BODY Example:- Short plump person_said to be Sociable relax Tempered Tall,Thn said fo be Restrained sel conscious ond of soltude Heavy set of muscles said fo be Noy, fond of physical activity 2. PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTOR ' 1) Introverts 2) Extoverts ny eee EXTROVERTS :__Extraversion tend to be visible outgoing, tekative, energetic behavior, whereas intoversion i visible in more reserved and sotary beha Extoverts ted fo enoy human interactions and to be enthusiastic, akalve, assertive, and gregarious. They take pleasure in aces that inole lage Fee ads pares, community acts, ube demenstatons, end business or pola! goups, Potes, teaching, sales, managing and boktig fei ta favor extoverson. An extroverted person sil o enjoy time spent wih peccle and fd less reward in time spent alone, They tend to be ener when around other people, and they are more prone to boredom when they are by themselves, 'NTROVERTS : Invoversionis ‘te state oor tendency ward bing whol or predominantly concemed ith ad itorested in one's vm mental ite’ > | TRAITTHEORY : Trat theory is an approach tothe study of human personaly. Tea bears ae primary interested the meesuremen| ras, which canbe dined as habivalpatems of behavior, th i ‘According to his perspective, tats arerelatvely stable overtime, dfer across individuals fe tl a leg : 9. some people ae out dn betas. Central ts are bas oan indvduals personally, whereas Secondary as ere more peripherd. ood Mreas Nes ate Shy), a List of Personality Traits Openness io experience [Behavioral aspecis ncude having wide eres, and Seng imeginalve and nsighfu, comelated wih acy Conscientousness ‘Scrupulous, meticulous, principled behavior guided or Conforming to one’s own conscience. s. PRESIDENCY COLLEGE — Page 6 fe eeUN Nite “raven “oy greeaBiones 'mbsthet, iendly and cooperative naive 3s kinetin Refs oan hits ena bans alo emalona? Sel esteem (ony Mavorble oo avorate atte award he ar 7 Sochlearing theory : Soci tearing theory ia een ha ates Bat pop lam win a soi Context. is factted trou s such ec Ga seraioal leaning People, espa eho leam fom the envionment and sect vhs Paste LeamD Teas a perspec hat sia tet ese -Qoestion No ay CaSO ears tev hat man behaviour ove Sehavou governed by 1 atenl rc honsceus 2) Unconscious Bclogicat ‘Sun Freud determined th te Personalty consists of thee dierent elements, Theig Tre ego The superego Theid: te ise assect of DPesonaltythalis ven by internal and basi ives and needs ThE a platy sic such as ge stand be Sve for sex oI c The id acts in ree POASu principe in halt vcd pain and seeks Pleasure Ove to the instntual quality of he ia Impulsive and chen raware of mplcatons of act a : sperego is criven by morally principle igher —— EE EE Page 7 3 "RESIDENCY COLLEGE