STES’s

Sinhgad College Of Architecture , Pune

Subject : RIA I
Academic year 2020-21 , TermII
Fourth year B. Arch ( Div C )

Student’s Name : Saundarya Pande

Roll no : 26

Subject Teachers:

Dr. Priyamvada Chitale & Ar. Kavita Patil

SCOA / AY 2020-21/ Term II / RIA I / B.Arch C / Saundarya Pande

Content :
1. Abstract
2. Research Paper
3. Tutorial 2
4. Tutorial 1
5. Chart for data collection

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SCOA / AY 2020-21/ Term I / RIA I / B.Arch C /Saundarya Pande

1. ABSTRACT –

RESEARCH PAPER TITLE

Construction Materials Used For low Cost Housing in Nagpur

The increase in population in India has led to the problems like land
shortage and housing shortage. Thus, the housing is not affordable for
majority of the people, as they belong to the lower income group.
Thus, there is a need for low-cost housing for them. The material used
for construction and the techniques used for it plays an important role
in determining the project cost. Thus, cutting off on expenses in
material, can help in achieving low -cost housing
The paper focuses on finding out the best ways to achieve low -cost
housing by studying the types of materials used in low-cost housing in
Nagpur.

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 Construction Material Used for Low Cost Housing in Nagpur
Saundarya Umesh Pande
Sinhgad College of Architecture, Pune, India
saundarya2212@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The increase in population in India has led to the problems like land shortage and housing
shortage. Thus, the housing is not affordable for majority of the people, as they belong to the
lower income group. Thus, there is a need for low-cost housing for them. The material used
for construction and the techniques used for it plays an important role in determining the
project cost.

Thus, cutting off on expenses in material, can help in achieving low -cost housing. The paper
focuses on finding out the best ways to achieve low -cost housing by studying the types of
materials used in low-cost housing in Nagpur. The paper allows us to study and analyze the
different type of materials used in Nagpur city for low cost construction for lower income
group over the years, and also which new materials can help in achieving low cost housing.

Keywords – low cost, housing, material for construction, affordable, lower income group,
construction technique

1. INTRODUCTION

Nagpur, the second capital of Maharashtra is one of the most rapidly growing cities in India.
It comes under the smart city mission, started by the government of India. As a result, it is
now a metro city, and also has opened up many job opportunities for the people. Thus, the
migration of people to this city in search of jobs is vast.

As there is a growth in population of the city over a few years, the demand of housing is
increased. The maximum percentages of migrants belong to the lower income group, and
have migrated to the city in search of jobs. These groups of people belong to lower income
groups and thus can’t afford a place to live.

Nagpur didn’t have any dedicated housing options for the lower income group, which added
to the problems of the city as slums grew in size. The increase in slums caused problem in the
development of the city, as relocating of slums is a hard task to do. Thus when the smart city
mission came to Nagpur, the government proposed housing scheme for economically
backward class (EWS) and lower income group (LIG).

These schemes come under the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna (PMAY).These schemes are low
cost housing projects which aimed to provide affordable housing for the people. These
projects tried to achieve low cost housing by using different construction materials.

As the construction material used is one of the most important factors, determining the
affordability of the housing scheme, it is important to study and analyse the materials used for
this type of constructions and find out the best one, which can help in achieving low cost
housing in Nagpur.

2. METHODOLOGY

To study the material used for low cost housing in Nagpur, it is important to see different
housing schemes and study them. Thus primary data is gathered about the low cost housing
schemes which already existing in Nagpur. Also secondary data about new materials which
can be helpful in achieving low housing in Nagpur is collected with help of articles.
Thus the primary and the secondary data will be analysed on selective parameters so as to
achieve the result.
2.1 Primary data
Nagpur has few low cost housing scheme projects. Thus the primary data is collected through
live case studies of these housing projects, so as to understand the materials used for different
structural members of the buildings. The projects studied are -
1) NARI housing scheme
2) PMAY Tarodi housing scheme
3) Wathoda housing scheme

1) NARI housing scheme

This housing scheme is for lower income group (LIG) people of Nagpur. It has amenities
such as club house and essential shops. There are G+4 buildings along with parking, and
open spaces. The buildings are constructed with isolating RCC foundation. RCC frame work
of beams and columns. Walls are made up of bricks, and the plastered. The roofing is of RCC
slab.
The construction materials used are simple and pretty common. This residential scheme has
STP, and solar panels as the green initiatives.

Figure 1: NARI housing scheme

 Table 1 Materials used for NARI housing scheme

Material used for

Structural member Foundation Walls Roof

Materials RCC Bricks RCC

2) PMAY Tarodi housing scheme.

Location- Tarodi, near Symbosis College, Nagpur
This housing scheme is under the PMAY (Pradan mantri Avas yojna). It is built to provide
affordable housing for EWS and LIG people of Nagpur.
It is a big housing scheme with 46 buildings along with amenities like open spaces, club
house, solar panels, and STP. It has 2374 flats along with essential shops and parking space.

Figure 2: PMAY Tarodi housing scheme.

The buildings are load bearing G+4 structures. The footing is made out of basaltic rocks, as
Nagpur has abundance of basaltic rocks, so it is easily available near the site and the strata is
hard. The walls are made out of kumbhari (locally made) bricks. And the roof is RCC slab.
Table 2 Materials used for PMAY Tarodi housing scheme

Material used for

Structural member Foundation Walls Roof

Locally
Basaltic rocks made
Materials bricks RCC
3) Wathoda NIT housing scheme
The Wathoda building site of NIT is situated in the east of Nagpur, along the Middle Ring
Road of Nagpur. This residential project has amenities such as a big park, a community house
and also a local office for a health association.
The site itself consisted of seven building blocks with five floors, each holding eight
apartments. The EWS side of the scheme consisted of 264 units and 704 units for LIG.

Figure 3: Wathoda NIT housing scheme

The construction was executed with conventional techniques of columns and beams as
structure, filled with bricks of fly-ash stone. This material is often used in India and is known
for its robust character and easy, low-cost production, an ideal stone for affordable housing.

Table 3: Materials used for Wathoda NIT housing scheme

Material used for

Structural member Foundation Walls Roof

Fly ash
RCC stone RCC
Materials

2.2 Secondary data

Prefabricated houses
Prefabricated house is made of light steel as steel structure and sandwich panels for wall
and roof. The insulation of sandwich panels can be polystyrene, polyurethane, rock wool
or fiber glass.
 Figure 4: Pre fabricated house
Polyurethane injected, twin skinned panel with tongue and groove and /or cam lock
system for perfect joint and connection. The twin skinned (inner and outer) is either made
of powder coated or Galvanized steel. PUF insulated roof panel are design with option of
high rib and low rib. Roof panel is made with inner side low ribbing and outer side high
ribbing for easy flow of rain water. Pre-fabricated houses are easy to install, require less
labor, are durable and also cost effective. It’s one of the newer methods of construction of
low cost housing that’s being used in Nagpur.

3. ANALYSIS
. The materials identified have different characteristics, and thus it requires a study on them
on the basis of selective parameters. The parameters are – availability of material, thermal
conductivity, and durability.
Table 4: Analysis of materials used for Foundation

Parameters
Material for
foundation Availability Thermal insulation durability

Easily 50 to 100
RCC -----------
available years

Easily More than

Balastic rock -----------
available 100 years

Table 5: Analysis of materials used for walls

Parameters
Material for walls Thermal
Availability durability
conductivity

30-35kg/cm sq
Easily 1.25 -1.35 W/m
Bricks –compressive
available sq degree Celsius
strength
 75-100kg/cm
Easily 0.9- 1.05 W/m sq
Fly ash bricks sq compressive
available degree Celsius
strength

21kg/cm sq
Prefabricated Easily 0.023 W/m sq
compressive
sandwich panels available degree Celsius
strength

Table 6: Analysis of materials used for Roof

Parameters
Material for roof Availability Thermal insulation durability

Easily 0.6-1.2 W/m sq 50 to 100

RCC available degree Celsius years

21kg/cm sq
PUF insulated roof Easily 0.021 W/m sq
compressive
panels available degree Celsius
strength

4. CONCLUSION
The materials for different structural members were analysed on the selective parameters.
The study shows us that, in case of foundation, (Table 4), both the materials are easily
available also the durability of both the materials is good. As Nagpur has abundance of basalt
rocks, it is a great alternative for RCC foundation.
As for the walls, (Table 5), locally handmade red bricks are a good option as they are easily
available and good at thermal conductivity and are durable. Prefabricated sandwich panels
are easily available, but the thermal conductivity is low compared to that the bricks. Fly ash
bricks can be a great alternative for material used for the construction of walls
As for the roof, (Table 6), the RCC slab is very durable and is at thermal conductivity. Also
the prefabricated roof panels are very durable. Both the materials are good for roofing.

5. REFERENCES
[1] Live case studies from Nagpur
[2] PMAY schemes , https://pmaymis.gov.in
[3] https://civilconcepts.com/blog/fly-ash-bricks-vs-clay-bricks-which-is-better
[4] https://www.nbmcw.com/articles-reports/building-construction-material/precast-
construction/prefabricattion-building-construction-an-indian-perspective.html
SCOA / AY 2020-21/ Term I / RIA I / B.Arch C /Saundarya Pande

5. DATA COLLECTION CHART

LIVE CASE STUDIES –

1) NARI housing scheme
2) PMAY tarodi housing scheme
3) Wathoda housing scheme

SECONDARY DATA –
Pre-fabricated houses

CASE STUDY Material used Material used Material used

for wall for footing for roof

NARI housing bricks RCC footing RCC slab

scheme

PMAY tarodi Locally made Basaltic rocks RCC slab

housing bricks
scheme

Wathoda Fly ash stone RCC footing RCC slab

housing
scheme

Pre fabricated Prefabricated ------- PUF insulated

houses sandwich roof panels
panels