Database Systems11

Database Systems https://omaps.bitbucket.io/tutoria/jkuat/ics2206/ppt-11.
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Database Systems
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Database Systems https://omaps.bitbucket.io/tutoria/jkuat/ics2206/ppt-11.html#1
Lecture 11: MongoDB

Database Systems
J Mwaura
2 of 31 1/31/2022, 7:39 AM
MongoDB
Supports scaling and geospatial indexing
capabilities
No concepts of tables, rows, columns
No features of ACID compliance, JOINS, foreign

keys etc
MongoDB stores data as Binary JSON Documents

(also known as BSON)
MongoDB is built for scalability, performance and

high-availability
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MongoDB
MongoDB provides High Availability, Scalability and
Partitioning at the cost of Consistency and
Transactional support
MongoDB is a platform of choice for applications

needing a flexible schema, speed and partitioning
capabilities while it may not be suited for applications
which require consistency and atomicity
MongoDB uses a JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)

based document store to store the data
Documents have dynamic schema - means documents

in a same collection can have different fields or
structure or maybe common fields can have different
type of data
It is implemented using C++ language
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Features of MongoDB
Mongo provide support for secondary indexes,
for users to query using query documents
It provides support for atomic updates (atomicity)

at per document level
It provides replica set which are master-slave

replication with automated failover and built-in
horizontal scaling via automated range-based
partitioning
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MongoDB - Data Model

Polymorphic/flexible/dynamic schema - implies
that documents within the same collection can
have same or different set of fields or structure,
and even common fields can store different type
of values across documents
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JSON
JSON stands for JavaScript Object Notation
JSON is both easy for humans to read and edit &

easy for computers to store data, parse and
output
JSON basic data types such as Strings, Floating

point numbers, Boolean values, Null value,
Arrays, Hashes
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JSON Structure
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JSON Structure
JSON documents begin and end with curly braces
JSON is composed of Fields, and each field has a key

and a value & are commas separated
JSON documents are analogous to objects, structs,

maps, or dictionaries, in other languages
All keys are surrounded in double quotes
Keys and values must be separated by colons
Arrays (defined by square brackets []) and objects can

themselves be values and nested in any combination
Arrays contain an ordered, comma separated list of

values & are analogous to arrays lists, vectors, or
sequences
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Binary JSON (BSON)

BSON is an extended form of JSON data model -
supports embedding or arrays and objects within
other arrays
BSON allows navigation to the objects to build

indexes and match objects against query
expression both on top-level and nested BSON
keys, The Identifier (_id)
Key is used for querying data from the

documents
A key uniquely identify each document within a

collection. This is referred as _id in MongoDB
This key value is immutable and can be of any

data type except arrays
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Databases, Collections &

Documents
In MongoDB, a database serves as a namespace for
collections. Each database and collection combination
define a namespace e.g. mydb.mycollection
Collections store individual records called documents
This hierarchy allows us to group together records of

similar items within collections, and group collections
required for the same application within the same
database
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Capped Collection
MongoDB has a concept of capping the collection -
helps in maintaining its replication logs
This means it stores the documents in the collection in

inserted order and as the collection reaches its limit
the documents will be removed from the collection in
FIFO (First in First Out) order
Capped collection guarantees preservation of the data

in insertion order, hence
· Queries retrieving data in insertion order return

results quickly and don't need an index
· Updates that change the document size are not
allowed
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Mongo Installation - Ubuntu

1. sudo apt-key adv --keyserver
hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv
4B7C549A058F8B6B
2. echo "deb [ arch=amd64 ]
https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu
bionic/mongodb-org/4.2 multiverse" |
sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d
/mongodb.list
3. sudo apt update | sudo apt install
mongodb-org
4. sudo systemctl enable mongod | sudo
systemctl start mongod
5. mongod --version checks the core database
server or daemon
6. mongo checks the database shell
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Securing the Deployment

In MongoDB Authentication and Authorization is
supported on per-database level
Users exist in the context of a single logical

database and are stored in the system.users
collection within the database
System.users - This collection stores information

for authentication and authorization on that
database. It stores the user's credentials for
authentication and users privileges information
for authorization
The available roles are in mongoDB; -read,

-readWrite, -dbAdmin, -userAdmin, -clusterAdmin,
-readAnyDatabase, -readWriteAnyDatabase,
-userAdminAnyDatabase, -dbAdminAnyDatabase
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Using Mongo Shell

Create the admin
>use admin
>db.createUser({user: "AdminUser", pwd:

"password", roles:["userAdminAnyDatabase"]})
>db.createUser({user:"josh",pwd:"root",roles:
["root"]})
...
>db.auth("AdminUser", "password")
More commands >> reference
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MongoDB Statements
Syntax >use DATABASE_NAME
>use mydb
Insert at least one document to keep this database

>db.users.insert({ id: 1})
Show databases >show dbs
Find current selected database >db
Delete database >db.dropDatabase()
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MongoDB Statements
Copy database >db.copyDatabase(fromdb, todb,
fromhost, username, password, mechanism)
Create collection >db.createCollection(name,

options)
Get collections information

>db.getCollectionInfos(); e.g.
>db.getCollectionInfos({ name: "accounts"
});
Insert document
>db.COLLECTION_NAME.insert(document)
Query >db.COLLECTION_NAME.find(condition)
More commands >> reference
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Controlling access over

network
Always disable the HTTP Status page & the REST
configuration in the production environment
Use Firewalls - used to control access within a network;
· it can be used to allow access from a specific IP

address to specific IP ports
· it can be used to stop any access from any untrusted
hosts
Encrypt Data - file system level encryption and

permissions should be implemented in order to
prevent unauthorized access to the files
Encrypt communication - it is recommended to use SSL

for communication between the server and the client
· Generate the .pem file which will contain the public

key certificate and the private key
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CRUD Operations
CRUD
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Aggregation
aggregation
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Data Models
data modeling
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Transactions
transactions
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Indexes
indexes
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Security
security
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Change Streams
streams
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Replication
replications
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Sharding
sharding
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Administration
adminstration
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Storage
storage
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End of Course
Database Systems
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That's it!
Queries about this Lesson, please send them to:
jmwaura.uni@gmail.com
*References*
· Database Systems: Design,
Implementation, and Management,
12th ed. Carlos Coronel & Steven
Morris
· Database Modeling and Design;
Logical Design, 5th ed. Taby
Teorey et.al
· Fundamentals of database
systems, 6th ed. Ramez Elmasri &
Shamkant B. Navathe
“ Courtesy of … ”
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Database Systems https://omaps.bitbucket.io/tutoria/jkuat/ics2206/ppt-11.

Lecture 11: MongoDB

No concepts of tables, rows, columns

No features of ACID compliance, JOINS, foreign

MongoDB stores data as Binary JSON Documents

MongoDB is built for scalability, performance and

MongoDB is a platform of choice for applications

MongoDB uses a JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)

Documents have dynamic schema - means documents

It is implemented using C++ language

It provides support for atomic updates (atomicity)

It provides replica set which are master-slave

MongoDB - Data Model

JSON is both easy for humans to read and edit &

JSON basic data types such as Strings, Floating

JSON is composed of Fields, and each field has a key

JSON documents are analogous to objects, structs,

All keys are surrounded in double quotes

Keys and values must be separated by colons

Arrays (defined by square brackets []) and objects can

Arrays contain an ordered, comma separated list of

Binary JSON (BSON)

BSON allows navigation to the objects to build

Key is used for querying data from the

A key uniquely identify each document within a

This key value is immutable and can be of any

Databases, Collections &

Collections store individual records called documents

This hierarchy allows us to group together records of

This means it stores the documents in the collection in

Capped collection guarantees preservation of the data

· Queries retrieving data in insertion order return

Mongo Installation - Ubuntu

Securing the Deployment

Users exist in the context of a single logical

System.users - This collection stores information

The available roles are in mongoDB; -read,

Using Mongo Shell

>db.createUser({user: "AdminUser", pwd:

More commands >> reference

Insert at least one document to keep this database

Show databases >show dbs

Find current selected database >db

Delete database >db.dropDatabase()

Create collection >db.createCollection(name,

Get collections information

More commands >> reference

Controlling access over

Use Firewalls - used to control access within a network;

· it can be used to allow access from a specific IP

Encrypt Data - file system level encryption and

Encrypt communication - it is recommended to use SSL

· Generate the .pem file which will contain the public

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