INDEX

SR. NO TOPIC PG. NO.

CH.1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Research Gap/Statement of problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Summary
CH. 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Review of Literature (20 – 25 research papers)
2.3 Gap Analysis
CH. 3 INTRODUCTION TO THE TOPIC
3.1 Topic content (Intro, Vision, Mission, Orgn. Chart, etc)
3.2 History
3.3 Clients
3.4 Competitors
3.5 Pros and Cons
CH.4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
4.1 Hypothesis of the study (Optional)
4.2 Scope of the study
4.3 Significance of the study
4.4 Limitations of the study
4.5 Sample Size
4.6 Data Collection
CH.5 DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
5.1 Data Analysis
5.2 Socio-Economic profile of the respondents
5.3 Hypothesis Testing
5.4 Reporting and Interpretation
CH.6 FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION
6.1 Summary
6.2 Suggestions
6.3 Conclusion
BIBLIOGRAPHY & WEBLIOGRAPHY
ANNEXURE
“FUNDRAISING AND ITS IMPORTANCE
AT DHARMA BHARATHI MISSION”
 CHP.1.
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
NGO is a non-profit organization that functions
independently of any government whose purpose is to
address a social or political issue. NGOs are generally short of
cash unless they are big and well-known. All NGOs needs
funds to operate. The key aspects of NGO are accountability,
trustworthiness, honesty, and openness to every person who
has invested time, money and faith into the organization.
Nonprofit organizations are accountable to the donors,
funders, volunteers, program beneficiaries and the public
community. With changes in funding from year to year, many
nonprofit organizations have been moving toward increasing
the diversity of their funding sources.

What is Fundraising?
Fundraising is the process of collecting money as donations,
for a cause from, individuals and companies. A person who
raises the money from them is known as a fundraiser. It was
usually used to gather money for non-profit organizations,
but, over the years fundraising has evolved a lot and it is now
used to fund various important causes. These causes may
include anything, from helping a group of people injured in a
war, to supporting religious causes. Traditional fundraising
happen offline whereas the modern day crowd funding
happens online.
 Fundraising is the main step for running and managing the
decided and expected programmes and activities of NGO.
The basic source to raise and maintain the funds is through
internal sources of the members of the NGO which includes
membership fees and individual donation. Another way is to
collect funds from public by introducing schemes and
projects through which the grants can be received from the
Government, Funding donor organisation, companies under
corporate social responsibility and also from foreign funding
agencies.

Importance of Fundraising:
 Fundraising forces NGO to take a step back and think about
how they are going to achieve their projects, with what
resources and in what time frames.
 Fundraising helps in unifying the team and its different
project goals into one general mission.
 The process of fundraising gives NGO an objective outlet to
pick the most relevant projects.
 If a NGO does not fundraise, it is vulnerable to its source of
funding ending.
 Fundraising tries to create awareness among the people.
 Raising money gives tangible help to causes that need it
most.
Types of Fundraising:
1. Micro fundraising: It is a method of raising funds in small
values. It is like the concept of little drops of water makes a
mighty ocean. This can be implemented only inside native
country India.
2. Macro fundraising: It is a method of raising funds in
affordable values. This is the concept of getting high-level
donors inside India. This can be implemented only inside
native country India.
3. Foreign fundraising: It is different from local fundraising. It
is possible in small and high-value with or without online
fundraising methods. Any foreign related fundraising from
countries needs special permission and certification from
concerned countries.
4. Online fundraising: It is the recent day's method, which has
the highest risk of raising funds, though it is said as easy. The
main risk in this is that the organization must know the
person identity who donates or from whom with raising
funds. There are possibilities of risk in raising funds from
outsiders of a country who may be a stranger or an illegal
entity.
5. Government fundraising: It is the submission of project
oriented. Every year Social welfare ministry and other sectors
announce welfare projects in India. NGO needs to apply for
such projects and they shall raise such funds and grants,
which can help NGO to serve the public in best ways. One
must have all the legal eligibility to work with Indian
Government.
6. Institutional or Corporate fundraising: It is a method of
fundraising by getting sponsorship for NGO campaign or
projects which are run by NGO. Several wellreputed
corporates are sponsoring and supporting NGO Campaigns
and NGO Projects.

How other NGOs raise funds?

NGOs rely on a variety of sources for funding projects,
operations, salaries and other overhead costs. Because the
annual budget of an NGO can be in the hundreds of millions
(or even billions) of dollars, fundraising efforts are important
for the NGO's existence and success. Funding sources include
membership dues, the sale of goods and services, private
sector companies, philanthropic foundations, grants from
local, state and federal agencies, and private donations.

Following are some of the NGO which use different

methods of fundraising:
 A famous Indian NGO, Chintan was the first in India to
receive the US Innovation Award for Empowerment of
Women and Girls, for its outstanding contribution in this
field. The award was received by Chintan‟s founder Bharati
Chaturvedi from the US Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton. A
further aid of USD 500000 was announced by the US
Secretary of State to facilitate Chintan‟s attempt to continue
its noble efforts. The Award was funded by the Rockefeller
Foundation “through the Secretary‟s International fund for
Women and Girls”. Chintan works for environmental justice
in partnership with people and groups from diverse sections
of society. Thier initiatives include research, campaigns,
policy interventions, building capacity among those engaged
in recycling, and creating awareness about the need for
reduced consumption and better waste management among
the middle and upper classes. In 2018, NGO Chintan received
Rs. 21,459,506.53 from institutional donors.
 CRY Foundation deals with many issues like Child Labour,
Girl Child, Malnutrition, Poverty, Education and Illiteracy,
Child Marriage, Child Trafficking, Gender Inequality, etc. It is
almost entirely funded by individual donors who are people
from every walk of life and every corner of the country. With
over 25,153 donors and 2,000 volunteers, CRY America has
impacted the lives of 695,077 children living across 3,676
villages and slums through support to 73 projects in India and
USA. Other ways which CRY use to raise funds are Corporate
Matching Gifts, Employee Giving, Corporates and
Foundations, Stock Donations, My Occasion and CRY,
Greeting Cards, Gift A Donation, Girl Child Stay in School
Campaign, Join CRY Walk/Run, Spread The Word, Join us on
Social Media, etc. In 2016, CRY received contributions and
raised revenues of $1,280,858.
 Akshaya Patra Foundation (APF) is a non-profit
organisation that serves mid-day meals to over 1.76 million
children from 15,024 schools across 12 states in India.
Through the Mid-Day Meal Programme, the NGO attempts to
feed the children in India who lack the means, but have the
passion to learn and achieve. APF uses fundraising campaign
to raise funds which is an initiative to gather voluntary
contributions by involving your friends and family. The
money raised in these campaigns is used to feed children
benefitting from Akshaya Patra‟s school lunch programme.
Their completed campaigns are „Feed the Hungry and let‟s
make a difference‟ where it completed the goal donation of
Rs. 2 lakhs, „Midday Meal‟ which completed the goal
donation of Rs. 15500, etc. Some of the ongoing campaigns
of APF are „Ek Thali‟ where goal donation is Rs.100000 and
till now Rs.6450 is raised and another campaign is „Donate a
Gift‟ where the goal donation is Rs. 20000 and till now Rs.
2250 is raised.
 The K.C Mahindra Education Trust is known for its many
initiatives in the field of education which is making huge
impact in the lives of needy and deserving students. The trust
is providing money in the form of loans, scholarships and
grants. It has various initiatives such as Scholarships &
Grants, Livelihood Training- Mahindra Pride School and Girl
Child Education- Project Nanhi Kali. It uses online crowd
funding for raising funds. From every donation, only 5% of
the funds are reserved by the charity for administrative,
marketing and fund raising costs; the remaining 95% is
utilized fully towards their project expenses. In 2016, the
trust raised Rs.3371 lakhs 6 which were distributed as Rs.
2,077.29 lakhs for Nanhi Kali and Rs. 1,294.00 lakhs for other
initiatives and repayment of loan scholarship of Rs. 109.30
lakhs.
 Sammaan Foundation was originally established to link the
poor to the mainstream through education, training and
financial support. The current project of this NGO involves
the rickshaw pullers to help them earn a better livelihood.
This NGO also has notable contribution in areas like children
education, health services and welfare of women. It accepts
cheques and online donations for raising funds.
 Pratham Education Foundation aims to provide education
to the children living in the huge slums of Mumbai and even
providing education to those people who are unable to go to
school. Their projects have increased enrolment of children
in schools thus promising them a better tomorrow. It uses
online crowd funding and individual donations for raising
funds. In 2017, donations received were approx. Rs. 200
Crores. It utilizes 7% of its revenue on fundraising and
administrative expenses. The remaining funds raised go
directly to programs.
Different Types of NGOs
NGOs come into existence with a variety of purposes. They
also differ with one another in terms of size, members,
organizational structure, orientation, level of cooperation,
funding, functions, operation level, goals etc.
NGOs can be broadly classified in the following types:-
1). Types of NGO by orientation
a). Domestic charitable organisations with little participation
by the beneficiariesSuch NGOs undertake activities with a
view to fulfill the needs of the poor and also undertake relief
measures like distribution of food or clothing, housing
provisions, transport etc.
b). NGO with participatory orientation- This includes those
NGOs with self-help projects where the local people
participate and cooperate in its implementation. The local
people contribute them with tangible and intangible goods like
land, labour, cash, material etc.
c). NGO with service orientation- Such NGOs devise certain
programmes like family planning, health, roads,
communications, education etc. and the civil society members
participate in the implementation of these programmes or in
receiving its services.
d). NGO with empowering orientations- Such NGOs play a
facilitating role in the empowerment of the people. They
promote and strengthen their awareness in their own potential
with an objective of controlling their lives, access to credit,
training and other inputs which are necessary for undertaking
employment generating activities.
2). Type of NGO by level of operationa).
a) Community based organizations- Such NGOs emerge out
of their own initiative. For example, women’s organizations,
sports club, religious or educational organizations etc.
b). City-wide organizations- They are created for helping the
poor. For example, Rotary or Lions Club, Association of
Community Organisation, Chambers of Commerce and
Industry etc.
c). National NGOs- National NGOs are those which operate at
the National level like YMCAs/YWCAs, professional
organizations etc.
d). International Relief and Development Organisations-
Such organizations act like NGOs, however they are
established and mandated by international treaties or secular
agencies. For example, Ford or Rockefeller Foundation,
Mercy Corps, IRC International, Water and Sanitation Centre,
CARE etc.
3). Other types of NGOs
a). There are several issue based NGOs like Amnesty
International, Greenpeace, Human Rights Watch,
Transparency International etc. Amnesty International works
for the impartial protection of human rights. Greenpeace
works on the issue of environmentalism and peace. Human
Rights Watch investigates the incidents of human rights
abuses in different parts of the world. They try to bring the
attention of the international community to these abuses and
also try to pressurize the government and different
international organizations. Transparency International works
on combating global corruption and also criminal activities
arising from it.
b). There are some quasi-autonomous non-government
organizations which call themselves as NGOs, however they
are a network of the government standards agencies for 147
countries. For example, International Organisation for
Standardisation. (ISO)

Funding of NGOs
NGOs whether big or small they need money for its existence
and for carrying out its work. “The amount of budget differs
from NGO to NGO. It may be a few thousands in the case of a
small NGO and may run into crores for large organizations”
(Chandra and Trollope 2015:125).
Following are the main sources of funds for NGOs:
1. Members contributions
Membership contributions are almost universal in the NGOs.
However, it is not sufficient for carrying out a meaningful
activity. If the membership fee is so high, then very few
people will join the NGO as a member. If it is too low, then it
will be difficult to undertake projects of public welfare and
the very purpose for which the NGO is created will be
defeated. Then, it will ultimately let the NGO to depend on
public donations or government grants.
2. Public donations

Public donations are the major source of funds for new and
old NGOs. For raising funds from the general public, it is
necessary for an NGO to build an identity. Here, building
identity means becoming a legal entity. It should get
registered according to law. The aims and objectives of the
organization become a part of the Memorandum of
Association submitted at the time of the registration.
However, every donor whom the organization will
approach may not have the time and willingness to go
through this legal document. Therefore, it would be useful
if the organization keeps a sort of manifesto where it
explains the aims and objectives it wants to achieve and
also their importance to the community. If the organization
has a website, then it should publish its manifesto on it.
Through this, the donors can properly assess the validity of
its projects and also its impact on the political, social and
economic condition of the community. They will also be
able to go forward of developing a long-term partnership
with the organization. After properly clarifying the main
goals and areas of activity, the need is to design projects by
assessing the requirements of the community. Then the
organization can contact the potential donors to become
partners in the execution of the project.
NGOs can also raise funds by organizing some religious or
social events. In the Western part, marathon races and fund-
raising dinners are organized. Some NGOs also organize a
second-hand market. Volunteers collect unwanted goods like
books, clothes, furniture etc. by going from door to door.
Then they sell these goods at a fixed price or at no price.
People pay the price by treating as donations. In India,
religious events can also attract substantial donations.
Sometimes, famous dancers and singers agree to perform
without any fee and the money collected by selling tickets
goes to the NGO.
3. Government Grants

Government grants is another source of fund for NGOs. The

Central Government ministries provide funds to various
NGOs for specific project. Certain conditions need to be
fulfilled for getting these grants-in-aid. The new NGOs rarely
get funds. The websites of the ministries contain full details
of government schemes disbursing money to NGOs. The
State Governments also launch their own schemes for
allocating funds to NGOs.
4. Funds from Foreign Agencies

NGOs can also get funds from foreign agencies. Some

private foundations of America and European countries
grant funds to organizations who are working in
developing countries like Africa, China, India and Latin
America. Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Ford
 Foundation and The National Endowment for Democracy
are the most prominent foundations based in America. Aga
Khan Development Network of Switzerland and
Compagnia da San Paolo of Italy are other such agencies.
Several books and directories can be found in the market
containing the names, addresses, phone numbers and E-
mail addresses of such agencies.
They also contain information about the projects and
programmes for which these agencies provide grants.
However, for getting grants from foreign agencies, NGOs
need to be registered with the Ministry of Home Affairs and
they have to comply with the rules and regulations of Foreign
Contribution and (Regulation) Act.
5. Funds from Commercial Activities

There are some NGOs which undertake commercial

activities to make profits. These profits are then used in
solving social and economic causes. Manufacturing and
selling Ayurvedic medicines, herbal products, books, gift
items etc. are the popular commercial activities of NGOs.

6. Funds from Big Companies Under New CSR Law

In the year 2013, the Indian Parliament enacted a new

Company Law by amending the old Law. Here, it has been
mentioned that the companies who have a net worth rupees
500 crore 10 or make sales of rupees 1,000 crores or more
have to contribute 2 percent of their income on the social
 welfare schemes. This is known as CSR. According to this
law, the companies can spend money on the projects
carried out by them. They can also donate it to some NGOs
for their specific projects or programmes. The NGOs can
approach such companies registered under CSR for funds.
They will receive funds if they succeed in convincing the
management.

Thus, fund raising is a difficult task for NGOs, especially at

the very first stage. Moreover, big donors always select such
organizations for funding who have a long history of success
in the execution of different programmes. But with this one
should not get demoralized. For running an NGO, one needs
to engage himself in it with a clear and open mindset and also
with a willingness to improve his skills.

Tax Exemptions:-
While raising funds, the NGOs must know all the rules and
regulations applicable to their income and also the exemptions
given to them. Certain tax exemptions have been made on the
income of the NGO and also for the donors under the Income
Tax Act.
The Income Tax Act, 1961 which is an all India Act applies
to all the non-profit organizations with regard to tax
exemptions. However, certain conditions need to be fulfilled
for getting tax exemptions under Section 12 and 12A of the
Act. The organization must have religious and charitable
purposes. It has to spend 85 percent from its income in any
financial year (1st April to 31st March) for fulfilling the
objectives of the organization. The organization has to agree
to this condition within these 12 months. However, it has to
give full justification of the reason why it has not been able to
spend the required percentage of money. Surplus income can
also be collected for certain specific projects for a period of 1
to 5 years.
The organization should deposit its fund as mentioned in the
Section 11(5) of the Income Tax Act. The organization should
not spend its income or property directly or indirectly for the
benefit of those founder, trustee, relative of the founder or
trustee or a person who has donated more than rupees 50,000
to it in a financial year.
The organization needs to file its annual income return timely
and this income should be collected or applied in India. But
trust income can be applied outside India without any tax for
promoting the interest of international community in which
our country has an interest. The accounts of the organization
has to be reviewed or audited by a chartered accountant and
the report needs to be submitted along with the tax return. The
members of the organization should submit an application in
the prescribed form before the Income Tax Commissioner
within one year from the date of the establishment of the
organization.
1.2.OBJECTIVES AND NEED OF THE STUDY
Following are the objectives of the study:
 To understand what is fundraising and its importance.
 To study the projects and initiatives carried out by DBM.

 To study how funds are raised at DBM.

Three Roles of NGOs:-

NGOs undertake different activities depending upon the
purpose for which they are established. Generally, following
are the three functions or roles of NGOs :-
1). To disseminate information- NGOs have the ability to
communicate at all levels from the grassroot level to the top
levels of government. They can facilitate communication in
both upward and downward i.e. from people to the
government and from the government to the people. They
facilitate active participation of the people and use to recruit
both experts and 13 highly motivated staff. All these enable
them to reach and disseminate information more effectively to
the people.
2). Harbingers of change and innovation- NGOs act more
quickly than the government within a specific time and place
for which they would be supporting a particular project. The
state structures are criticized for being corrupt and
ineffectively performing welfare and resource management
functions. However, NGOs are more accountable, responsive
to social issues and committed to bring about social change.
They can search for new needs, work in new areas, unveil
social evils and give attention to unattended and unmet needs.
3). Training and technical assistance- NGOs can expose their
functionaries to the processes of training and a good capacity
building which can bridge the gap between community and
administration. The development of technical assistance and
training capacity can get disseminated to the government
while preparing implementation of the plans.
In other words, it can be said that NGOs play two kinds of
role – advocacy and service delivery. In the developing world,
NGOs mostly play these two kinds of role. Service delivery
generally describes the providing of primary health care
facilities, providing non-formal education, helping people
during natural disasters, riots, conflicts and providing goods
and services to the needy. NGOs are seen delivering different
types of services. This role of service delivery is of three
forms. Firstly, the NGOs act as an implementing agency by
delivering goods and services to the people. Many of the
NGOs are seen organizing health camps for poor, distributing
clothes and materials during natural disasters, riots and
conflicts, providing artificial limbs to the handicapped etc.
Secondly, NGOs also try to strengthen the local people by
providing them training for various purpose. They also work
for solving their problems through their cooperation. Training
for Self Help Groups by NGOs can be cited here as an
example. Thirdly, NGOs can encourage the people to
pressurize the government for getting better services for
themselves from the government agencies and also for making
them more responsible and accountable. Empowerment and
particular.

1.3.Summary
Different funds and donations owe a lot of revenue in process
of making money with respect to run an NGO. The key factor
that enables an NGO earn money is to raise funds and
generate different schemes in this regard. This is done by
different renowned companies and donor agencies interested
to collaborate and work for a particular NGO.
This project report is carried on the topic “Fundraising and its
importance in Dharma Bharathi Mission”. This study focuses
on fundraising and its importance in a particular NGO. The
NGO studied in this project is Dharma Bharathi Mission
(DBM) which is an initiative of Navsrushti International
Trust. It also includes the activities and projects done by them
and the ways they use to raise funds for their NGO in detail.
While doing this project I learned about how to raise funds for
NGO and how it can help many people and also
understanding the importance of fund raising for the poor
children and the need of fund raising for their future as well as
for the future of India.
CHP. 3 .REVIEW OF
LITERATURE
1.Peggy Antrobus volume 15, supplement 1, Autumn
1987, Pages 95-102 (Funding for NGOs: Issues and
options) This paper investigates the choices accessible to
native NGOs (clients and go-betweens) in getting assets for
their projects. The issues with benefactor financing are
identified: inclination for project over program help, the
new declines in aggregate sums accessible, the propensity
to move reserves randomly, the impact and responsibility
frequently requested by givers, and the reliance such
subsidizing makes for beneficiary NGOs. Choices
accessible to native NGOs for producing their own assets
locally include: consultancies, preparing, and the offer of
instructive materials and different distributions. The
creator focuses on the requirement for contributors to
make a genuine, long haul obligation to working with poor
people; assets ought to be assigned to NGOs for
organization building and center staff; benefactors ought
to turned into a "market" for native NGO
administrations; less guide ought to be tied; and blessings
ought to be laid out for native NGOs which have a
demonstrated history.

2. Tahir Mahmood Ali  volume 5 no 6 (2016) october

(Government Funding to the NGOs) The effects of
the public authority subsidizing on the NGOs in
conditions of benefits and impediments has gotten
blended reaction from the researchers. This study
endeavors to audit the guarantees and dangers of
government subsidizing on the NGOs and expects to
assemble the dispersed information from writing at
one spot. Writing audit was done for the significant
examinations. Utilizing the consideration/rejection
standards laid out for this article, 31 examinations
were at last chosen for survey. Utilizing topical
investigation approach, 5 principle subjects in
regards to government financing impacts on NGOs
were extricated from the inspected 31 examinations.
The subjects are institutional hypothesis and
Isomorphism, responsibility, loss of independence,
mission float and swarming out. A few researchers
and studies connected these subjects with
underperformance while others connected them with
solidness of the NGOs. Positive outcomes are
difficult to attract to decide the effects of
government financing on NGOs and truth be told
these effects rely on various factors, for example,
age, size, area, demography, political, monetary and
social conditions of a NGO.

3.Rita jalali 19, pages161–188 (2008) (International

Funding of NGOs in India: Bringing the State Back In)
This article looks to see how the Indian state
practices command over transnational ties among
unfamiliar and homegrown entertainers by
inspecting the public regulative practices that decide
receipt of unfamiliar assets and the information on
unfamiliar subsidizing streams to NGOs (a data set of
in excess of 18,000 affiliations). The article shows
how administrative acts of popularity based states
diminish unfamiliar impact. Issue qualities are
likewise displayed to decide state reaction to
externalization, hindering transnational ties in "high
governmental issues" regions, for example, minority
claims. At last, inside state forced limitations, strict
as opposed to mainstream associations stay
prevailing transnational entertainers in India. The
review contributes proof to recommend that in
opposition to the contentions of world country
hypothesis and numerous transnational social
development researchers, states keep on leftover
strong entertainers restricting transnationalization.

4. Siddhartha Sen Volume 30 Issue 2 April 1999 (Some

Aspects of State–NGO Relationships in India in the Post-
Independence Era) This article examines a few parts of
state-NGO connections in India at the focal and nearby
levels from 1947 onwards. It draws its scientific structure
from concentrates on which join authoritative intricacies
and attributes, political, social, and monetary real factors,
associational societies of individual nations, and human
organization in investigating state-NGO connections. It
analyzes the pertinence to India of certain
recommendations on state-NGO connections which are
found in the writing. The creator contends that there are
noticeable contrasts in state-NGO connections in different
regions; these are outlined through a bunch of contextual
investigations of nearby state-NGO communications with
regards to lodging and land strategies for the metropolitan
poor. Regardless of these distinctions, nonetheless, the
creator contends that the relationship at the neighborhood
level can be by and large described by the antagonism of
legislators, party laborers, nearby élites, lower level civil
servants, and lower level workers of the state toward NGO
action.
5. Tom harrison volume 98, october 2017, pages 485- 496
(NGOs and personal politics: The Relationship between
NGOs and political leaders West Bengal, India) A
significant part of the writing on advancement NGOs
brings zeroed in on their capacity to the table
"improvement options" and how their peculiarity is
compromised by expanded reliance on states and givers.
In any case, later writing has progressively centered
around the useful capability of obscured limits among
NGOs and the state, contending that a level of cross-over
furnishes NGOs with expanded components for impact.
There has been less examination on the communications
among NGOs and ideological groups, and what political
associations mean for the connection among NGOs and
the state. This article adds to tending to that hole.The
article investigates the connection among NGOs and
political pioneers through an investigation of
neighborhood NGOs in the Indian territory of West
Bengal. It utilizes a blend of an overview and contextual
analyses, as well as meetings with political pioneers and
government authorities, to scrutinize a few predominant
presumptions about how the state utilizes NGOs and how
government financing for NGOs impacts on the
connection among NGOs and the state. The discoveries
raise doubt about the supposition that reliance on
government financing makes strain for the
professionalization and bureaucratization of NGOs by
featuring the significance of non-project-based subsidizing
given by government to NGOs and by exhibiting that
political associations can assume a more significant part
than formal administrative cycles in the portion and the
board of government financing for NGOs. The
examination was directed towards the finish of Left Front
rule in West Bengal and has suggestions for how we might
interpret the techniques the Left Front utilized in looking
to solidify its power, as well as how these were challenged.
The article likewise adds to thinking on the approach of
concentrating on NGOs by featuring the advantages of
consolidating a review and contextual investigations in a
solitary piece of examination.
6. Abhishek Bhati Volume 21, Issue 1, Feb 2016 pages 31-
42 (Faces of the needy: the portrayal of destitute
children in the fundraising campaigns of NGOs in
India) This paper centers around the depiction of
youngsters in raising money crusades by nongovernmental
associations (NGOs) working in India and answers the
accompanying inquiries: How do kids feel about their
depiction in the pictures of subsidizing efforts? How do
photographic artists or supervisors/chiefs partnered with
NGOs view their depiction of desperate youngsters? The
review draws on information from examination of
pictures, center gatherings with youngsters, and meetings
with photographic artists and mission chiefs from NGOs
working in various pieces of India. Discoveries propose
that kids like to be depicted as cheerful and in a "great
light", recounting to the entire anecdote about their lives
yet that likewise produces mindfulness about difficulties
they face, for example, youngster work; NGOs face a test
in addressing recipients in a decent light while additionally
appearing "need" to benefactors; and kids talked with
knew nothing about the motivation behind the pictures as
a gathering pledges and showcasing instrument, raising
moral worries.

7. Archana Kalegaonkar vol 31 Issue 2 2002 First

published June 1, 2002 (Support Organizations and the
Evolution of the NGO Sector) This article centers around the rise
of help associations that assume vital parts in the advancement
of improvement nongovernmental associations (NGOs) as an
area of common society. We start with a conversation of area
challenges from outside (like public authenticity, relations with
state run administrations, relations with organizations, and
relations with worldwide entertainers) and from inside
(awkwardness, confined center, material shortage, discontinuity,
and paternalism). We depict the ascent of offices to serve basic
help capacities, like reinforcing individual and hierarchical limits,
assembling material assets, giving data and scholarly assets,
building partnerships for common help, and building spans
across sectoral contrasts. Then, at that point, we analyze how
those associations have tackled basic issues for NGO people
group, and we foster a few suggestions about the creation and
foundation of help associations, their essential position, the
decision to make an essential move, and how outside help can
uphold their essential jobs.

8. Kiran Thampi Received 31 May 2021, Accepted 21 Jan

2022, Published online: 27 Feb 2022 (Strategizing the
performance of Non- Government Organisations: Exploring
Organisational Practices and Managerial Leadership
Behaviour in Indian NGOs) Hierarchical practices like
compulsory practices, the board rehearses, association in
strategy promotion campaigning organizing practices and
administration rehearses are viewed as sound practices
that add to authoritative execution. This paper
distinguishes a portion of the standard authoritative acts
of NGOs (N = 33) in Kerala State, India. From the review,
it was clear that the NGOs were more into required
rehearses. The connection direction of the Managerial
initiative Behavior showed a higher mean worth of 2.8567
± 0.49331SD than the assignment direction. The review
unwinds the requirement for a refreshed approach in the
intentional area and certifying the job of social work
experts in the association.

9. Panchali guhali VOLUNTAS: International Journal of

Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations volume 30, pages
1365- 1379 (2019) (Going to Scale: A Case Study of an Indian
Educational NGO) Viable projects presented by NGOs in
agricultural nations can possibly help an enormous
number of individuals on the off chance that they are
increased, yet occasions of fruitful increasing are generally
interesting. This paper utilizes a contextual investigation
of an Indian instructive NGO that has increased quickly
and successfully to investigate the explanations behind
decision of increasing methodology, the specific
obstructions to increasing in the schooling area, and how
these boundaries can be survived. It views that as, while
an advanced NGO can effectively conquer large numbers
of the inward hierarchical difficulties presented by
increasing, outer boundaries, for example, the trouble of
building associations with key partners like government
authorities and teachers present huge difficulties. While
these challenges could on a basic level be moderated by
moving from an extension based to cooperation based
model of increasing, low responsibility and administration
of the NGO area make it hard to distinguish the nature of
expected accomplices. The case additionally shows that
India's new regulation ordering CSR has expanded
subsidizing accessibility for increasing, yet its necessity for
corporate givers to specially uphold nearby ventures has
likewise made a provokes by obliging NGO capacity to
outfit economies of scale during scaling.

10. David Lewis 2nd Edition 30 December 2020 (Non-

Governmental Organizations and Development) This
book is an introduction to the wide-ranging topic of non-
governmental organizations (NGOs) and development,
combining a critical overview of the main research literature
with a set of up-to-date theoretical and practical insights
drawn from experience in Asia, Europe, Africa and
elsewhere. The revised second edition highlights the
continuing importance of NGOs in development, while fully
engaging with the criticisms that their increased profile now
attracts. It considers issues such as securitization, changing
technologies, and recent concerns about safeguarding as
well as going into more detail around topics such as market-
based development and social enterprise. The diversity of
NGOs and their roles is discussed against the broader
historical background of struggles for social justice in
different societies, as well as within the shifting ideological
contexts of neoliberalism and populism. Using a broad
range of short case studies of both successful and
unsuccessful interventions, the authors analyze how interest
in NGOs has both reflected and informed wider theoretical
trends and debates within development studies. The book
argues that NGOs are central to both development theory
and practice and are likely to remain important actors for
many years to come. This critical overview will be useful to
students of development studies at undergraduate and
master's levels in fields and disciplines as diverse as
International Development Studies, International Relations,
Geography, Anthropology, Global Studies, Politics
and International Studies, as well as general readers and
practitioners.

11.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0305750X87901471

http://www.ssbfnet.com/ojs/index.php/ijrbs/article/view/94

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11266-008-9059-7

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-7660.00120

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305750X17301717

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/nvsm.1542

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0899764002312004

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02185385.2022.2035250

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11266-019-00099-3

https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780429434518/non-governmental-
organizations-development-david-lewis-nazneen-kanji-nuno-themudo
 CHP. 3.
INTRODUCTION TO
THE TOPIC
3.1. ABOUT DRM

Dharma Bharathi Mission (DBM) is a compassionate

association which is a drive of Navsrushti International Trust.
In 2008, Dharma Bharathi Mission began, with the mission to
give dinners to kids and feed the hungry locally. The thought
was to contact more networks and scale up the suppers gave at
a yearly scale.
DBM‟s aphorism - Begin with self, Begin little, Begin today.
It is a call to everybody in our country to satisfy their social
obligation. As socially mindful residents, it is our obligation
to add to the country building process. DBM‟s current
ventures are a little part of the work that should be done to
make India a moderate and equivalent country. Their
conviction is that everybody can contribute and assist with
rolling out this improvement the foundation for the social
intercessions they lead. In the years to come, they see their
selves taking on networks and affecting those start to finish
with each and every individual who wishes to partake in this
cycle.
The production of model networks that become the
development center of the city will permit everybody to thrive
and will contribute towards decreasing the far reaching
imbalance around us
Mission

Contribute altogether towards decreasing destitution, further

developing wellbeing offices, expanding admittance to
schooling and mindfulness, expanding accessibility of work
and pay potential open doors.

Vision
We accept that even subsequent to acquiring Independence we
have just acquired political opportunity. Accomplishing
monetary opportunity through schooling and work starting
with opportunity from the dehumanizing hunger is our vision.

Objective
Our witticism is Begin with self. Start today. Start little. We
want to set out open doors, foster a sustaining and helpful
climate, and give schooling and preparing to the all
encompassing development of kids and youth.

Research Methodology
We intercede in schools and work on the general learning and
instructing conditions. We give late morning suppers,
educator preparing and work on the nature of instructive
practices being followed. We give professional preparation to
jobless youth and assist them with procuring livelihoods.

Why do DBM exist?

Currently, India ranks 97th on the Global Hunger Index. This
is mainly due to poverty, unemployment, lack of sanitation
and safe drinking water across the board. According to the
World Bank report of 2016, nearly 270 million Indians i.e. 1/5
people in India with a poverty rate of 14% are in urban areas.
Out of the poor in the urban areas, 74% work in the
unorganized sector i.e. without fixed pay and salary. The
Urban poor spend more than 56% of their income on food and
just 6% of their income on education. These numbers are huge
and sheer scale of resource inequality is so huge that most of
us, living in big cities do not realize it. DBM exists to bring a
change to these statistics. Keeping in the mind the issues at
hand, DBM has designed its initiatives in a manner which
impacts the various parts of the urban poor community.
PROJECTS AND INITIATIVES AT DBM
Food for Education
Food for Education is a mid-day meal Program. Under this
project, DBM provides Mid-day Meals to children aged
between 5-15 years in budget private schools. They cover a
total of 1800 children in 8 budget private schools across
Govandi, Mankhurd and Trombay area in Eastern Mumbai.
These students come from nearby slum communities with
their parents working in the unorganized sector. The
Maharashtra Government does run a Mid-day Meal program;
however that program does not cover budget private schools.
These schools charge reasonable fees and run low cost models
facing bigger challenges compared to government schools and
bigger budget schools.
As the data shows, there has been considerable impact, and
there is scope for improvement. Analysing the data and
results, has made it clear that DBM‟s intervention has many
positive effects. In order to multiply the impact of its work,
the mid-day meal program will be seen as a health
improvement program. They map the overall health
improvement of the student by focusing not only on mid-day
meals but conducting sanitation improvement sessions, parent
awareness building and conducting sports and activity
programs. This will help DBM enhance the overall outcomes
of the project and will increase the focus on individual health
improvement in a holistic manner.
Food for Education has provided nearly 5 million meals in
the last 10 years. Over the years, the BMI of the students has
risen to some extent. Thus for example in FY 2017-18 most of
the students were in the undernourished category at the start
of 2017. However, by the end of the year, 80% of the students
have shown great improvement, whereas 20% have shown no
improvement or even reduced nourishment, although they are
all still below WHO Level.
Chalo English Sikhayein
It is a volunteer driven program. It is said that any social
intervention is incomplete without the involvement of the
community. The Chalo English Sikhayein (CES)
Volunteering Project is an enlargement of Dharma Bharathi
Mission‟s motto: Begin with Self, Begin Small, Begin Today.
With an aim to aid the social interaction skills of children in
slum communities, more than 216 volunteers come together
every weekend to teach reading skills and English
comprehension to students aged between 5-15 years.
Educational Institutes, Management Schools and Individual
volunteers are the core of the CES Volunteering Project. More
than 1200 volunteers have participated in the CES Project in
the last 5 years. The volunteers follow a basic curriculum of
basic English speaking and comprehension and assess the
students every 3 months.
The CES Project has helped young passionate individuals
learn the meaning of social change. A large number of them
have realized the value of their contribution. This social
intervention has not only impacted the children but also the
volunteers. More than 200 volunteers participate in the project
every year and a few committed ones even come extra time to
work with the students during examinations. The teachers,
who come from modest backgrounds, feel supported by the
volunteers and have also noticed considerable improvement in
reading and comprehension skills of the children.
Dharma Bharathi Mission will upgrade the Chalo English
Sikhayein Volunteering Project to become more than a social
intervention which helps children gain skills. The
improvement in students will be tracked over the next coming
years using the ASER Assessment Module Based on the
outcomes, the curriculum and the learning levels of the
students will be defined and improvements will be measured.
Over the years to come, DBM‟s corporate partners will also
be sending their employees to participate in the volunteering
effort. DBM imagine this project to transform into a large
scale volunteering initiative that impacts the lives of everyone
involved.

Education Improvement Initiatives

Education Improvement Initiatives is a scholarship program
for the brightest minds. Under this initiative, DBM aims to
provide all the additional support to students belonging to our
budget private schools in Govandi, Trombay and Mankhurd.
DBM launched the Champions Program, a one of a kind
scholarship and training program for students who have
passed 10th grade. The students are supported financially
while being trained to model citizens in their communities.
Additionally, DBM also offers financial support to deprived
students who are in danger of dropping out of junior college
or graduation. DBM also started supporting 2 school
principals in School Leadership Training via another non-
profit project called India School Leadership Institute (ISLI)
fellowship. The school principals will be trained in
management and learning improvement methods that will
make them better school principals and more effective
leaders.
Over the last 7 years, 1403 scholarships have been provided
and new batch of 11 champion students has started its
journey. These 11 students will now go to year 2 of the
training program. DBM has also identified a funding and
training partner that will help in creating a larger scalable
scholarship program. The school under the ISLI fellowship
has shown improved rigor in their work and has led to another
DBM supported school joining the program and starting its 2
year journey.
With the additional support and guidance, the champions
program will support 20 students in partnership with the non-
profit partner organization. This will lead to a program that
supports a selected set of students who will be supported
financially during graduation and will also be provided
training and long term career guidance and support. These
students will be the community leaders and change leaders in
their society.

Vocational Training
Between now and 2025, over 250 million young people are
estimated to enter the Indian workforce, while only 5% of
youth aged 20-24 have obtained vocational skills through a
formal training system. Many students drop out of the formal
educational system unaware of the alternative educational and
employment opportunities available. Currently it is estimated
that only 2.3% of the workforce in India has undergone
formal skill training as compared to 68% in the UK, 75% in
Germany, 52% in USA, 80% in Japan and 96% in South
Korea. Large sections of the educated workforce have little or
no job skills, making them largely unemployable. Therefore,
India must focus on scaling up skill training efforts to meet
the demands of employers and drive economic growth. India
has the advantage of the „demographic dividend‟ i.e. younger
population compared to the ageing population of developed
countries, which can be educated to build a skilled workforce
in the near future.
Maharashtra has the 5th largest pool of employable youth in
India in the age group of 18-25 years. DBM runs 3 month and
6 month vocational training courses in 4 centres spread in
Central Mumbai. These centres currently train 500 to 800
students per year in courses. These courses include
Beautician, Tailoring, Computer Applications, Balwadi
Teacher Training and Para Nursing. Youth who complete
these courses are then provided On Job Training (OJT)
ranging from 3 to 9 months before certifying them. Along
with Vocational Training, all the students are provided
personality development and job readiness trainings over a
weekly basis. Post training, youth pursuing employment are
connected to local businesses and reputed hiring agencies for
placements. In the year 2017, DBM trained 1652 students.
Also, the Tailoring OJT centres provided employment to 34
women which helped them to earn Rs.2000 each over 3
months by working for 3 hours a day.
In the year 2017-18, DBM has a renewed focus. The focus is
on livelihood provision and employment and not just training
but on providing jobs and employment. DBM will focus on
partnership with employment agencies, employers and even
new courses and trainings that can help place youth in jobs.
The key to providing stable and sustainable employments is a
combination of soft skills and technical skills along with
strong support and counselling. DBM intends to start a
personality development and life skills development module
for the students. Over the course of their time at DBM, these
students will be given the skills and the counselling by
specialized coaches who will help build their soft skills and
employability.

M-Power Library and Study Centre (Deonar)

The Project aims at providing Educational Interventions to
children studying in underprivileged slums schools. Till now
DBM had been working with schools with underprivileged
students up to class 10. In its 10th year, with the TISS
partnership; came the opportunity to work for higher
education. The vision is to motivate underprivileged students
in Mumbai to pursue higher education and build an
atmosphere that promotes literacy and ambition. In 1 year, the
library has been largely successful in organizing the youth in
the area and has made a positive impact on the mindset of
these students. There are 200 learning resources available. Out
of the 965 members, 400 members regularly use the library
and the resources to sit and study for their college exams and
entrance exams. Seeing the large number of people interested
in competitive exams, extra classes and sessions have been
organized on a weekly basis. DBM also organized career
guidance and mentoring sessions of these members on a
regular basis to help them make better decisions about their
future studies

Second Innings

It is a Senior Citizen Activity Center. India has a very high

number of men and women who once reaching old age or
retirement are left to their own loneliness with rarely their
children having the time to spend with them as they are busy
earning their living, which in turn leads to depression. Further
the purpose of this project is to enable them to do all that they
wanted to do earlier and couldn‟t do it as they were busy
fulfilling their responsibility. Old age also comes with a
multitude of illnesses, disability and more of loneliness. As
the person is retired, the earning and thus his/herself-
supporting capacity is greatly reduced. They do not have
social security/Pension from government. Hence, the
objective of the project is multifold.
There is a fully equipped library from where senior citizens
can borrow books and also a reading room where the seniors
can spend their time in reading books/ magazines/ newspapers
of their choice. Also there is a yoga and meditation center,
Computer room, Activity center with facilities to play games
such as carrom/ chess/ ludo/ housie etc. and Audio Visual
Room/ TV room. Guest Speakers are invited to share
knowledge and give demonstration on nature remedies/
homeopathy/ acupressure/ stress/ positivity/ humor club to
name a few. It is like their second home where they can relax,
enjoy and take care of their health.
 CHP 5 DATA
COLLECTION AND
ANALYSIS

HOW FUNDS ARE RAISED AT DBM?

DBM raises funds through Cheques, online donations and

individual donations by many people. They have many
partners and donors which help them in their projects and
initiatives for a great cause.
Their Lead donors are Global Giving Foundation, Give India
Foundation, Work Place Interior Pvt. Ltd., Sharda Corpchem
Ltd., The Byke Hospitality Ltd, Mrs.Nergesh Khurshedji
Dady Public Charitable Trust, L & T Hydro Carbon, Mundra
International Container Terminal, etc.
Their Partners are DP World, deloitee, Rediff.com,
Kaivalyadham, National Service Scheme, Baldeodas
Bhagirathi Shah Trust, Yashwantrao Chavhan Maharashtra
Open University, Hindoostan Mills, Guru Nanak College,
Institute for Technology and Management, etc.
It utilizes aprroximately 10% of its revenue on fundraising
and administrative expenses. The remaining funds raised go
directly to projects and initiatives.
In 2018, DBM received contribution of Rs. 1,76,99,692 and it
was distributed as follows:
Mahalaxmi senior citizen Project – Rs. 7,20,073
Mid day Meal – Rs. 33,87,692
Chalo English Sikhayein project – Rs. 4,09,986
Vocational Course – Rs. 93,56,297
Scholarship Project – Rs. 3,55,202
Higher Education Project – Rs. 10,02,856
Kerala Project Expenses – Rs. 4,05,243
Office & Administrative Expenses – Rs. 13,87,757
Other Expenses – Rs. 6,74,586
4.2.Socio-Economic profile of the respondents
Fundraising is most important for any NGO. Importance of
fundraising for DBM is that they are having many projects
going on for a very good cause. To carry out those projects,
they need funds. They are helping a lot of people by
empowering them, educating them and employing them.

Ways of fundraising carried out in DBM are as follows:

1. Networking: Here, we did research on companies CSR
policies for generating leads for CSR and Crowding. We
were also securing appointments with companies and
creating awareness about various DBM projects. We also
created database for DBM by creating an email id through
which we can contact companies.

2. Crowd funding: This included two things such as wish

tree and society to society fundraising. For wish tree, a
cardboard tree was given to us where wishes were to be
made and attached on that tree. Wishes such as “I pledge
Rs.250 for 1 school bag for a child”, “I pledge Rs. 100 for
5 notebooks for Govandi slum child”, etc were made. This
tree is used to raise funds from seminars, functions, airport,
colleges, institutes, etc. after taking permission from them.
As this way is innovative and attractive, people feel great
to contribute for a social cause. We contacted colleges for
taking their permission for putting a wish tree in their
campus. For society to society fundraising, we visited
many societies to raise funds. We also met society
manager for taking permission to enter the society and
collect funds. Many people allowed us to enter the
premises and we collected the funds. We explained people
about the DBM and its projects and asked them to
contribute some amount for these projects. Many people
contributed for the same. We organised wish tree in
PTVAIM and visited 3 co-op housing society to create
awareness and raise funds. We raised Rs.21,401 in 15
days.

3. CSR: Here, we contacted companies to fund DBM for

its projects as their corporate social responsibility. We
contacted 24 companies and 85 trusts and took follow up
from those companies. Some of the companies contacted
were Voltas, HDFC bank, Olivia, Milton, Glenmark,
Motilal Oswal, Tech Mahindra, Dun & Bradstreet,
Taramind Tree, We work, SBI foundation, etc. Some of the
trusts contacted were Manav Jeevan Seva Trust, Garware
Foundation Trust, Helping Hand Charitable Welfare Trust,
Rotary Club of Sathaye College, etc.