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REPORT

xEV’s for Sustainable Cities and Smart Societies

(EE-618)

HYBRID ELECTRIC
VEHICLES

Contents
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Introduction 3

Smart City: improve the future of our cities 4

Challenges and solutions to adopt xEV’s for smart cities. 5

Reference 6
Plagiarism Report 7
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Introduction
The ever growing modernization of cities’ energy systems and increasing requirements to
meet the growing demand for energy contributes to adopt a new approach to the
management of the electricity and also transportation is the most important expect of the
modernization of cities so there will be large amount of emission of the harmful gasses as
road vehicles, shipping and aviation sector consume significant amount of fuels so in order
to make a sustainable cities here XEV’s will play a important role as it will help to reduce
the pollution significantly as there is no emission of harmful gasses and there is centralized
management of these harmful gasses at power plant. This approach requires the use of a
Smart grid. The Smart Grid is an integration of the electrical system as well as a
communication system which give real time active energy consumption by the user and the
rate of electricity is also indicated by the smart meter. Smart Grid obtains supply and
demand data in real time such that the load can be distributed in real time. Energy
consumption calculation is must for the city, as there is large consumer are there in the city.
so that the user can manage the consumption accordingly so it solve energy, emissions
challenges and transportation within a city.

Impact on overall electricity usage in smart cities

Many people assume that penetration of XEV’s into the smart and sustainable city
will require significant modification in the existing electrical power system network
as well as increase the capacity of the network by introducing new power plants into
the existing system but the study shown that the impact of XEV’s on the network
varies from 7% to 30% this type of load can be easily absorbed by the smart city but
the local grid infrastructure required to be updated because XEV’s put 54% extra
load on the household and mostly charge XEV’s at night when the electric tariff are
low as we can see in the fig.1 shown below.

Fig: Average demand of load v/s Time of day

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Smart City: improve the future of our cities

In smart city, electrification of the xEV’s is the important tool for sustainable societies and
electric vehicle’s with zero emission are rapidly increasing and maturing in the
transportation industries that’s why the sale of electric vehicles are surging every year.
So switching from fuel vehicle to electric vehicle is a central pillar for smart cities as it
provide more safe,more efficient and more eco-friendly system and that’s what smart cities
ia all about.The object of the smart city is to improve the livability of the citizens and xEV’s
plays an important role in achieving that by improving the ecological sustainability of the
urban environment by planning smartly for energy resources and reduce emission through
improved urban and transport planning.
Smart city promotes the use of xEV’s such that it has a low impact on the environment,
safety of the citizens as all xEV’s are equipped with sensors that ensure the safety of the
passenger as well as safety of the pedestrian and avoid accident.It regulate access to
important centres of the city with limited traffic areas and u can take your route accordingly
so that you can reach your home without waiting for hours in a traffic jam.xEV’s provide
better and comfortable ride.
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Challenges and solutions to adopt xEV’s

for smart cities.

The major challenges that are faced by smart cities are the lack of charging infrastructure in the
region and even the smart city is well equipped with charging infrastructure but if the owner
have to travel to remote region availability of charging station is a major concern there always
be a range anxiety for the owner that he will run out of charge while planning a trip another big
problem is most of the buyer of electric vehicle will want to install the charging station at
home that cuts the cost saving of an owning an electric vehicle. Batteries life of an electric
vehicle I expected to be around decade but the changing the battery pack will be a costly affair.

The proposed solution for above challenges is are as follows the company make sure more no.
of charging infrastructure are installed for example some of the malls is providing with free
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charging points to attract customers, various power company are using there substation to
provide charging point, community charging station providing free charging at resort and
distant region and private firm working on a commercial basis with customer have to pay for
charging their vehicle, large fleet operator like OLA operate EV fleet across strategic location
of the smart city and battery swapping where the user can replace low battery pack with the
new one in less time the this type of initiative will encourage the buyers to buy electric
vehicles.

xEV’s driving cost is very less as compared to IC engine thus cost saving is more in xEV’s.it
also provides major cost saving in maintenance and regenerative braking help to charge the
battery instead of wasting it as heat while applying brakes.With the help of xEV’s we can use
ecological benefits of electricity which are not fully utilized since major part of it is produces
form non-renewable energies and smart grid is the key component for mutual development of
xEV’s and renewable energy for the smart cities and with the help of smart grid we can use the
energy stored in the battery in peak hour i.e V2G which helps to stabilize the power system
network.

Reference

1. Creating the sustainable city, thinking cities magazine

published by H 8 media,volume 1,issue 2,October 2014

2. Electric Vehicles in the Concept of Smart Cities, Larisa

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Grackova, Irina Oleinikova, Gaidis Klavs,2015 IEEE 5 th

International Conference on Power Engineereing,Energy And
Electrical Drives.

3. http://urbanopus.net/electric-vehicles-and-the-smart-city-
energy-impact-and-usage/
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site: www.quetext.com

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