8 - Transmisi Daya Electric 27 May 2021

TRANSMISI DAYA ELEKTRIK
Eko Priyono, ST.MT
Chapter VI
Application of Distribution Transformers
27 May 2021
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BUDI UTOMO

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REFERENCE

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Sharing tak Curriculum Vitae
peduli yang lain Nama : Eko Priyono,ST,MT.
TTL : Jakarta 6 Maret 1978
Pendidikan : S1 Teknik Mesin
: S2 Teknik Elektro
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3.10 Three-Phase Connections

 To raise or lower the voltages of three-phase distribution systems, either single-
phase transformers can be connected to form three-phase transformer banks or
three-phase transformers (having all windings in the same tank) are used. Untuk
menaikkan atau menurunkan tegangan sistem distribusi tiga fase, baik
transformator satu fasa dapat dihubungkan untuk membentuk bank
transformator tiga fasa atau transformator tiga fasa (memiliki semua belitan
dalam tangki yang sama) digunakan.
 Figure 3.35 shows an eco-dry three-phase (resibloc) transformer. Gambar 3.35

menunjukkan transformator tiga fase (resibloc) eco-dry.
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 Figure 3.36 shows an air-to-water cooled resibloc three-phase

transformer. Gambar 3.36 menunjukkan transformator tiga fase
resibloc berpendingin udara-ke-air.
 Figure 3.37 shows an eco-dry (resibloc) three-phase

eco-dry (resibloc).
 Figure 3.38 shows a vacuum cast dry-type three-phase

tipe vakum cor.
10
 Common methods of connecting three single-phase transformers for three-

phase transformations are the delta–delta (Δ–Δ), wye–wye (Y–Y), wye–delta
(Y–Δ), and delta–wye (Δ–Y) connections. Metode umum untuk menghubungkan
tiga transformator fasa tunggal untuk transformasi tiga fasa adalah delta – delta
(Δ – Δ), wye – wye (Y – Y), wye – delta (Y – Δ), dan delta – wye (Δ– Y) koneksi.
 Here, it is assumed that all transformers in the bank have the same kilo volt
ampere rating.
 Di sini, diasumsikan bahwa semua transformator di bank memiliki peringkat
ampere kilo volt yang sama.
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3.10.1 Δ–Δ Transformer Connection
 Figures 3.39 and 3.40 show the Δ–Δ connection formed by tying together single-
phase transformers to provide 240 V service at 0° and 180° angular
displacements, respectively.
 Gambar 3.39 dan 3.40 menunjukkan koneksi Δ - Δ yang dibentuk dengan
mengikat transformator fase tunggal untuk menyediakan layanan 240 V pada
perpindahan sudut 0 ° dan 180 °, masing-masing.
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 This connection is often used to supply a small single-phase lighting load and
three-phase power load simultaneously.
 Sambungan ini sering digunakan untuk memasok beban pencahayaan satu fase
kecil dan beban daya tiga fase secara bersamaan.
 To provide this type of service, the mid-tap of the secondary winding of one of the
transformers is grounded and connected to the secondary neutral conductor, as
shown in Figure 3.41.
 Untuk menyediakan jenis layanan ini, keran tengah belitan sekunder salah satu
transformator diarde dan dihubungkan ke konduktor netral sekunder, seperti yang
ditunjukkan pada Gambar 3.41.
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 Therefore, the single-phase loads are connected between the phase and neutral
conductors.
 Oleh karena itu, beban fasa tunggal dihubungkan antara fasa dan konduktor
netral.
 Thus the transformer with the mid-tap carries two-thirds of the 120/240 V single-
phase load and one-third of the 240 V three-phase load.
 Jadi transformator dengan mid-tap membawa dua pertiga dari beban fase tunggal
120/240 V dan sepertiga dari beban tiga fase 240 V.
 The other two units each carry one-third of both the 120/240 and 240 V loads.
 Dua unit lainnya masing-masing membawa sepertiga dari beban 120/240 dan
240 V.
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 There is no problem from third-harmonic overvoltage or telephone

interference.
 Tidak ada masalah dari tegangan lebih harmonik ketiga atau
gangguan telepon.
 However, high circulating currents will result unless all three

single-phase transformers are connected on the same regulating
taps and have the same voltage ratios.
 Namun, arus sirkulasi tinggi akan terjadi kecuali ketiga
transformator fase tunggal dihubungkan pada keran pengatur yang
sama dan memiliki rasio tegangan yang sama.
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 The transformer bank rating is decreased unless all transformers

have identical impedance values.
 Peringkat bank transformator diturunkan kecuali semua
transformator memiliki nilai impedans yang identik.
 The secondary neutral bushing can be grounded on only one of

the three single-phase transformers, as shown in Figure 3.41.
 Busing netral sekunder dapat diardekan hanya pada salah satu
dari tiga transformator fase tunggal, seperti yang ditunjukkan
pada Gambar 3.41.
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 Therefore, to get balanced transformer loading, the conditions include the

following:
1. All transformers have identical voltage ratios.

2. All transformers have identical impedance values.
3. All transformers are connected on identical taps.
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 However, if two of the units have the identical impedance values

and the third unit has an impedance value that is within, plus or
minus, 25% of the impedance value of the like transformers, it is
possible to operate the Δ–Δ bank, with a small unbalanced
transformer loading, at reduced bank output capacity.
 Namun, jika dua unit memiliki nilai impedansi yang identik dan
unit ketiga memiliki nilai impedansi yang berada di dalam, plus
atau minus, 25% dari nilai impedansi transformator sejenis,
dimungkinkan untuk mengoperasikan bank Δ – Δ, dengan beban
trafo kecil yang tidak seimbang, pada kapasitas keluaran bank
yang berkurang.
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 Table 3.5 gives the permissible amounts of load unbalanced

on the odd and like transformers.
 Tabel 3.5 memberikan jumlah yang diizinkan dari beban tidak
seimbang pada transformator ganjil dan sejenisnya.
 Note that Z1 is the impedance of the odd transformer unit and

Z2 is the impedance of the like transformer units.
 Perhatikan bahwa Z1 adalah impedansi unit transformator
ganjil dan Z2 adalah impedansi unit transformator sejenis.
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 Therefore, with unbalanced transformer loading, the load values have

to be checked against the values of the table so that no one
transformer is overloaded.
 Oleh karena itu, dengan pembebanan trafo yang tidak seimbang,
nilai beban harus diperiksa terhadap nilai tabel sehingga tidak ada
trafo yang kelebihan beban.
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 Assume that Figure 3.42 shows the equivalent circuit of a Δ–Δ-

connected transformer bank referred to the LV side.
 A voltage-drop equation can be written for the LV windings as
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Example 3.5
 Three single-phase transformers are connected in Δ–Δ to provide power

for a three-phase wye connected 200 kVA load with a 0.80 lagging power
factor and an 80 kVA single-phase light load with a 0.90 lagging power
factor, as shown in Figure 3.43.
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 Assume that the three single-phase transformers have equal percent

impedance and equal ratios of percent reactance to percent
resistance.
 Asumsikan bahwa tiga transformator fase tunggal memiliki impedansi
persen yang sama dan rasio persen reaktansi yang sama terhadap
persen resistansi.
 The primary-side voltage of the bank is 7,620/13,200 V and the

secondary-side voltage is 240 V.
 Tegangan sisi primer bank adalah 7.620 / 13.200 V dan tegangan sisi
sekunder adalah 240 V.
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 Assume that the single-phase transformer connected between phases b

and c is rated at 100 kVA and the other two are rated at 75 kVA.
 Asumsikan bahwa transformator fasa tunggal yang dihubungkan antara fasa
b dan c diberi nilai 100 kVA dan dua lainnya diberi nilai 75 kVA.
 Determine the following:

 Tentukan berikut ini:
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a. The line current flowing in each secondary-phase wire

b. The current flowing in the secondary winding of each transformer
c. The load on each transformer in kilo volt amperes
d. The current flowing in each primary winding of each transformer
e. The line current flowing in each primary-phase wire
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3.10.2 Open-Δ Open-Δ Transformer Connection
 The Δ–Δ connection is the most flexible of the various connection forms.
 Koneksi Δ – Δ adalah yang paling fleksibel dari berbagai bentuk koneksi.
 One of the advantages of this connection is that if one transformer

becomes damaged or is removed from service, the remaining two can be
operated in what is known as the open-Δ or V connection, as shown in
Figure 3.44.
 Salah satu keuntungan dari hubungan ini adalah jika salah satu trafo rusak
atau dilepas dari layanan, dua trafo lainnya dapat dioperasikan dalam apa
yang dikenal sebagai koneksi terbuka atau V, seperti yang ditunjukkan
pada Gambar 3.44.
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 Assume that a balanced three-phase load with unity power factor is served by
all three transformers of a Δ–Δ bank.
 Asumsikan bahwa beban tiga fase yang seimbang dengan faktor daya
persatuan dilayani oleh ketiga transformator bank Δ – Δ.
 The taking out of one of the transformers from the service will result in having
the currents in the other two transformers increase by a ratio of 1.73, even
though the output of the transformer bank is the same with a unity power factor
as before.
 Pengambilan salah satu trafo dari layanan akan mengakibatkan arus di dua
trafo lainnya meningkat dengan rasio 1,73, meskipun output dari bank trafo
sama dengan faktor daya persatuan seperti sebelumnya.
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 However, the individual transformers now function at a power factor of 0.866.

Namun, transformator individu sekarang berfungsi pada faktor daya 0,866.
 One of the transformers delivers a leading load and the other a lagging load.
Salah satu trafo memberikan beban utama dan yang lainnya beban tertinggal.
 To operate the remaining portion of the Δ–Δ transformer bank (i.e., the open-Δ
open-Δ bank) safely, the connected load has to be decreased by 57.7%, which
can be found as follows:
 Untuk mengoperasikan bagian yang tersisa dari bank transformator Δ – Δ (yaitu,
bank open-Δ open-load) dengan aman, beban yang terhubung harus dikurangi
sebesar 57,7%, yang dapat ditemukan sebagai berikut:
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 Note that the two transformers of the open-Δ bank make up 66.6% of the
installed capacity of the three transformers of the Δ–Δ bank, but they can
supply only 57.7% of the three. Perhatikan bahwa dua transformator bank
open-membentuk 66,6% dari kapasitas terpasang ketiga transformator bank Δ
– Δ, tetapi mereka hanya dapat memasok 57,7% dari ketiganya.
 Here, the ratio of 57.7/66.6 = 0.866 is the power factor at which the two
transformers operate when the load is at unity power factor. Di sini, rasio 57,7 /
66,6 = 0,866 adalah faktor daya di mana kedua transformator beroperasi ketika
beban berada pada faktor daya satu.
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 By being operated in this way, the bank still delivers three-phase

currents and voltages in their correct phase relationships, but the
capacity of the bank is reduced to 57.7% of what it was with all
three transformers in service since it has only 86.6% of the rating
of the two units making up the three-phase bank. Dengan
dioperasikan dengan cara ini, bank masih memberikan arus dan
tegangan tiga fasa dalam hubungan fasa yang benar, tetapi
kapasitas bank berkurang menjadi 57,7% dari kapasitas ketiga
transformator dalam pelayanan karena hanya memiliki 86,6% dari
peringkat dua unit yang membentuk bank tiga fase.
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 Open-Δ banks are quite often used where the load is expected to grow,
and when the load does grow, the third transformer may be added to
complete a Δ–Δ bank.
 Tepi Open terbuka cukup sering digunakan di mana beban
diperkirakan akan bertambah, dan ketika beban bertambah, trafo
ketiga dapat ditambahkan untuk melengkapi bank Δ – Δ.
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 Figure 3.45 shows an open-Δ connection for 240 V three-phase three-wire

secondary service at 0° angular displacement. Gambar 3.45 menunjukkan
koneksi terbuka untuk layanan sekunder tiga fase tiga fase 240 V pada
perpindahan sudut 0 °.
 The neutral point n shown in the LV phasor diagram exists only on the paper.
Titik netral n yang ditunjukkan pada diagram fasor LV hanya ada di atas kertas.
 For the sake of illustration, assume that a balanced three-phase load, for
example, an induction motor as shown in the figure, with a lagging power factor
is connected to the secondary. Demi ilustrasi, asumsikan bahwa beban tiga fase
yang seimbang, misalnya, motor induksi seperti yang ditunjukkan pada gambar,
dengan faktor daya lagging dihubungkan ke sekunder.
 Oleh karena itu, arus fasa a, b, c di sekunder dapat ditemukan sebagai
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 As shown in Table 3.6, when the connected bank load

has a lagging power factor of 0.866, it has a 30° power
factor angle and, therefore, transformer 1, from Equation
3.52, has a 0.5 lagging power factor and transformer 2,
from Equation 3.54, has a unity power factor. Seperti yang
ditunjukkan pada Tabel 3.6, ketika beban bank yang terhubung
memiliki faktor daya tertinggal 0,866, ia memiliki sudut faktor
daya 30 ° dan, oleh karena itu, transformator 1, dari
Persamaan 3.52, memiliki faktor daya tertinggal 0,5 dan
transformator 2, dari Persamaan 3.54, memiliki faktor daya
persatuan.
75
 However, when the bank load has a unity power factor,

of course, its angle is zero, and therefore transformer 1
has a 0.866 lagging power factor and transformer 2 has
a 0.866 leading power factor.Namun, ketika beban bank
memiliki faktor daya satu, tentu saja sudutnya nol, dan oleh
karena itu transformator 1 memiliki faktor daya tertinggal
0,866 dan transformator 2 memiliki faktor daya depan 0,866.
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3.10.3 Y–Y Transformer Connection 3 june 2021
78
WARNING
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3. Keep On Learning Guys
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TRANSMISI DAYA ELEKTRIK

Eko Priyono, ST.MT

Application of Distribution Transformers

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BUDI UTOMO

PLAN YOUR WORK & WORK YOUR PLAN , EKO

PLAN YOUR WORK & WORK YOUR PLAN , EKO

I give you nothing but

PLAN YOUR WORK & WORK YOUR PLAN , EKO

• Kernet Bus Mayasari Bakti ( P26 & P 9BC )

 PLAN YOUR WORK & WORK YOUR PLAN

If They Don’t Know : Let’s Learn Together

PLAN YOUR WORK & WORK YOUR PLAN , EKO 7

PLAN YOUR W ORK & W ORK YOUR PLAN , EKO

3.10 Three-Phase Connections

 Figure 3.35 shows an eco-dry three-phase (resibloc) transformer. Gambar 3.35

 Figure 3.36 shows an air-to-water cooled resibloc three-phase

 Figure 3.37 shows an eco-dry (resibloc) three-phase

 Figure 3.38 shows a vacuum cast dry-type three-phase

 Common methods of connecting three single-phase transformers for three-

3.10.1 Δ–Δ Transformer Connection

 There is no problem from third-harmonic overvoltage or telephone

 However, high circulating currents will result unless all three

 The transformer bank rating is decreased unless all transformers

 The secondary neutral bushing can be grounded on only one of

 Therefore, to get balanced transformer loading, the conditions include the

1. All transformers have identical voltage ratios.

 However, if two of the units have the identical impedance values

 Table 3.5 gives the permissible amounts of load unbalanced

 Note that Z1 is the impedance of the odd transformer unit and

 Therefore, with unbalanced transformer loading, the load values have

 Assume that Figure 3.42 shows the equivalent circuit of a Δ–Δ-

 Three single-phase transformers are connected in Δ–Δ to provide power

 Assume that the three single-phase transformers have equal percent

 The primary-side voltage of the bank is 7,620/13,200 V and the

 Assume that the single-phase transformer connected between phases b

 Determine the following:

a. The line current flowing in each secondary-phase wire

3.10.2 Open-Δ Open-Δ Transformer Connection

 One of the advantages of this connection is that if one transformer

 However, the individual transformers now function at a power factor of 0.866.

 By being operated in this way, the bank still delivers three-phase

 Figure 3.45 shows an open-Δ connection for 240 V three-phase three-wire

 Oleh karena itu, arus fasa a, b, c di sekunder dapat ditemukan sebagai

 As shown in Table 3.6, when the connected bank load

 However, when the bank load has a unity power factor,

3.10.3 Y–Y Transformer Connection 3 june 2021

PLAN YOUR W ORK & W ORK YOUR PLAN , EKO 7

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