BRITISH STANDARD BSEN IS O

2 86 -1 :2 010

G eom etricalproduct
specifica tion s (G PS)
ISO code system for
toJeran ces on JJ.n ear
•
SlZes
Part 1: B as:is of toJeran ces , devllition s
and fits (ISO 286 -1:2010 )
B SEN ISO 286 -1 :2 010

N atIDnalforew ord

This B riI::ish Standarrl. is the U K .in p:Ern entatbn of EN ISO 286-1 :2010.
Itsupersedes B S EN 20286-1 :1 993 w hrll is w ilildraw n.
The U K parti:::patbn :in :its preparatbn was entru.sted to Technral
Con m :ittee TD W /4 , Techn ralP roductRealizatbn .
A listoforganizatbns repre32nt:ed on this o:rn m :ittee can he cbta:ined on
request to :its secretary .
This publi::atbn does notpurport to :incJude a ll the necessary provisbns
ofa mntract. U 32rs are re:opons.ib:E fur:its mrrectappli::atbn .
Com pliance w ith a British Standard cannotconfer:im m unity
trom Jegalobligawns .
EUROPEANSTANDARD EN ISO 286-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM April 2010

ICS 17.040.10 Supersedes EN 20286-1 :1 993

English Vers ion

Geometrical product specilications (GPS) - ISO code system lor

tolerances on linear sizes - Part 1: Basis ol tolerances ,
deviations and lits (ISO 286-1 :2010)

Spécilicalion géométrique des produils (GPS) - Système Geometrische Produktspezilikalion (GPS) - 150-
de codificat ion ISO pour les tolérances SUf les ta illes Toleranzsystem für Längenmal!.e - Teil 1: Grundlagen fOr
linéalres - Partle 1. Base des tolérances , éearts el To leranzen, Abmal1e und Passungen (ISO 286- 1.2010)
ajustements (ISO 286-1:2010)

Thls European Standard was approved by e EN on 6 February 2010.

e EN members are bound 10 comply wilh Ihe CEN/CENELEC Inlernel Regulallons which stipulate Ihe conditions lor givmg this European
Standerd Ihe status of a national standard without any alteralion. Up-to-date lists and bibliographic al relerenc es conceming such national
standa rds may be obtarned on appl ication to the CEN Management Centre o r to any CEN member.

Th is European Standard exists in Ihree official versions (English, French, German), A vers ion in any olher language made by Iranslalion
under the responsibility ol a CEN member into its own language and notilied 10 Ihe CEN Management Cenlre has Ihe sam e slatus as Ihe
offic ial versions.

CEN members are the national standards bod ies of Auslria , Belgium, Bulgaria, Croalia, Cyprus, Czech Repub lic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France , Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lilhuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Roman ia, Slovak ia, Slovenia, Spain , Sweden, Switzerland and Uniled Kingdom ,
BS EN I sa 286-1 :2010
EN ISO 286-1 :2010 (E)

Forewo rd

This document (EN ISO 286-1 :2010) has been prepared by Technica! Committee [SOfT G 213 "Dimensional
and geometrical product specifications and verification" in collaboration with Technical Committee
CENfTC 290 "Dimensional and geometrical product specification and verification" the secretariat of which is
held by AFNOR.

This European Slandard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
lex! or by endorsement, at the lales! by October 2010, and conflicling national slandards shal1 be w ithdrawn al
the lales! by October 201 O.

Attenlion is draw n to Ihe possibility thaI same of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN land/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This document supersedes EN 20286-1: 1993.

According to the CEN/CEN ELEC Internal Regulations , the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium , Bulgaria, Croatia , Cyprus , Czech
Republic , Denmark, Estonia , Finland, France , Germany, Greece , Hungary, Iceland , Ireland , Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg , Malta , Netherlands , Norway, Poland , Portugal, Romania , Slovakia , Slovenia , Spain ,
Sweden, Sw itzerland and the United Kingdom .

Endorsement noti ce

The text of ISO 286-1:2010 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 286-1 :2010 w ithout any modification.
 BSEN IS0286-1:2010
ISO 286-1:2010(E)

Contents Page

Foreword .................................................. ........................................................ .............. .................................... iv

Introduction ............................................... .......................................................... .......... ..................................... v
Scope ....................................... ........................................................ ....................................................... 1
2 Normative references ........................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions ........................................... ........................................................ ........ ................ 1
3.1 Basic termino lo gy .. ....................... ........................................................ ............................................... 2
3.2 Terminology related to tolerances and deviations ......................... ................................................... 2
3.3 Terminology related to fits ................................................................................................................... 5
3.4 Terminology related to the ISO fit system ............................................. ............................................. 9
4 ISO code system for tolerances on linear sizes .............................................................................. 11
4.1 Bas ic concepts and designations ..................................................................................................... 11
4.2 Designation of the tolerance class (w riting rules) ................ ........................................................ .. 13
4.3 Determination of the limit deviations (reading rules) ........................................... .......................... 14
4.4 Selection of tolerance classes .............. ........ ...................... ............ ...... 26
5 ISO fit system ......................................................................................................................................26
5.1 General .................................................................................................................................................26
5.2 Generics of fits .................................................. ........................................................ .......................... 27
5.3 Determination of a fit ............ .......... ............ .......... .. ...... 27
Annex A (informative) Further information about the ISO system of lim its and fits and former
practice ................................................................................................................................................29
Annex B (informative) Examp les of the use of ISO 286-1 to determine fits and tolerance classes ......... 31
Annex C (informative) Relationship to the GPS matrix model . .................. ................................................. 36
Bibliography ...................................................... ........................................................ ....................................... 38
BS EN I sa 286-1 :2010
ISO 286-1:2010(E)

Foreword

ISO (the International Organizalion for Standardizalion) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bedjes ). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interesled in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on thai committee . International organizations , governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in Ihe work . 1$0 collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commiss ion (lEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives , Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards . Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bod ies for voting . Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting avote .

Attention is drawn to the poss ibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights . ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights .

ISO 286-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISOfTC 213 , Dimensional and geometrical product
specifications and verification .

This second edition of ISO 286-1 cancels and replaces ISO 286-1:1988 and ISO 1829:1975, which have been
technically revised .

ISO 286 consists of the following parts, under the general title Geometrical product specifications (GPS) -
ISO code system for tolerances on Jinear sizes :

Part 1: Basis of tolerances , deviations and fits

Part 2: Tables of standard tolerance grades and limit devialions for holes and shafts
 BSEN IS0286-1:2010
ISO 286-1:2010(E)

Introduction

This International Standard is a geometrical product specification (GPS) standard and is 10 be regarded as a
general GP$ standard (see ISOIT R 14638). 1I influences chain links 1 and 2 of the chain of standards on size
in the genera! GP$ matrix .

For more detailed information on Ihe relation of this part of ISO 286 10 the GP$ matrix model, see Annex C.

The need for limits and fits for machined workpieces was brought about ma inly by the requiremenl for
interchange ability between mass produced parts and the inherent inaccuracy of manufacturing methods ,
coupled with the fact thai "exaclness· of size was found 10 be unnecessary for the most workpiece features . In
order that fit function courd be satisfied , it was found sufficient to manufacture a given workpiece so that its
size lay within two permissible limits , i.e. a tolerance , this be ing the variation in size acceptable in manufacture
while ensuring the functional fit requirements of the product.

Similarly, where a specific fit condition is required between mating features of two different workpieces , it is
necessary to ascribe an allowance , either positive or negative, to the nominal size to achieve the required
clearance or interference. This part of ISO 286 gives the internationaily accepted code system for tolerances
on linear sizes . lt provides a system of tolerances and deviations suitable for two features of size types :
"cylinder" and "two parallel opposite surfaces". The main intention of this code system is the fulfilment of the
tunction fit.

The terms "hole", "shaft" and "diameter" are used to designate features of size type cylinder (e .g . for the
tolerancing of diameter of a hole or shaft). For simplicity, they are also used for two parallel opposite surfaces
(e.g . for the tolerancing of thickness of a key or width of a slot).

The pre-condition for the app!ication of the ISO code system tor tolerances on linear sizes for the features
forming a fit is that the nomina! sizes of the hole and the shaft are identical.

The previous edition of ISO 286-1 (published in 1988) had the envelope criterion as the default association
criterion for the size of a feature of size ; however, ISO 14405-1 changes this default association criterion to
the two-point size criterion. This means that form is no longer controiled by the default specification of size .

In many cases, the diameter tolerances according to this part of ISO 286 are not sufficient for an effective
control of the intended function of the fit. The envelope criterion according to ISO 14405-1 may be required . In
addition, the use of geometrical form tolerances and surface texture requirements may improve the control of
the intended function .
BS EN I SO 286-1 :2010
 B5 EN 150286-1:2010
INTERNATI ONAL 5TA NDARD 150 286-1:20 10(E)

Geometrical product specifications (GPS) -ISO code system

for tolerances on linear sizes -

Part 1:
Basis of tolerances , deviations and fits

1 Scope

This part of ISO 286 establishes Ihe ISO code system for loleranees la be used for linear sizes of features of
the following types :

a) cylinder;

b) two parallel opposite surfaces .

1I defines the basic concepls and the related terminology for this code system. 1I provides a standardized
selection of loleranee classes for general purposes trom amongsllhe numerous possibilities .

Additionally, it defines the basic term inology for fits between two features of size without constra ints of
orientation and location and expla ins the principles of "basic hole" and "basic shaft".

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for Ihe application of this document. For dated
references , only the edition cited applies . For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 286-2 1), Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - ISO code system for tolerances on linear sizes -
Part 2: Tables of standard tolerance grades and limit deviations for holes and shafts

ISO 14405-1 , Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Oimensional tolerancing - Part 1: linear sizes

.. , # •••
BS EN I sa
286-1 :2010
ISO 286-1:2010(E)

3.1 Basic termino logy

3.1.1
feature of size
geometrical shape defined by a linear or angular dimension which is a size

[ISO 14660·1 :1999, definition 2.2J

NOTE 1 The feature cf size can be a cylinder. a sphere. two parallel opposite surfaces.

NOTE 2 In former edilions of international slandards, such as ISO 286-1 and ISO/R 1938, Ihe meanings of the lerms
"plain workpiece" and ' single features' are close to thai of "feature of size".

NOTE 3 For Ihe purpose of ISO 286, only features of size type cylinder as weil as Iype-two para llel opposile surfaces,
defined by a linear dimensien, apply.

3.1.2
nominal integral feature
theoretically exact integral feature as defined by a technical drawing or by other means

[ISO 14660-1:1999, definition 2.3)

3.1.3
hole
inlernal fealure of size of a workpiece , including inlernal features of size which are not cylindrical

NOTE See also Introduction.

3.1.4
basic hole
hole chosen as a basis for a hole·basis fil syslem

NOTE 1 See also 3.4.1.1 .

NOTE 2 For the purpose of the ISO code system , a basic hole is a hole for which the lower limit deviation is zero.

3.1.5
shaft
external feature of size of a workpiece, including external fealures of size which are not cylindrical

NOTE See also Introduction.

3.1.6
basic shaft
shaft chosen as a basis for a shaft·basis fit system
 BSEN IS0286-1:2010
ISO 286-1:2010(E)

3.2.2
actual size
size of the associated integral feature

NOTE 1 "Associaled inleg ral feature" is defined in ISO 14660-1 :1999, 2.6.

NOTE 2 The actual size is oblained by measuremenl.

3.2.3
limits of size
extreme permissible sizes of a feature of size

NOTE Ta tultil Ihe requiremenl. Ihe aclual size shalilie bet'ween Ihe upper and lower limits of size; Ihe limils of size
are also inc luded.

3.2.3.1
upper limit of size
ULS
largest permissible size of a feature of size

See Figure 1.

3.2.3.2
lower limit of size
LLS
smallest permissible size of a feature of size

See Figure 1.

3.2.4
deviatio n
value minus its refere nce value

NOTE For size deviations, Ihe reference value is Ihe nominal size and Ihe value is Ihe aclual size .

3.2.5
limit deviation
upper limit deviation or lower limit deviation from nominal size

3.2.5.1
upper limit deviation
ES (ta be used for internal features of size)
es (ta be used for external features of size)
upper limit of size minus nominal size
BS EN ISO 286-1:2010
ISO 286-1 :2010(E)

+
/
2
d

\ •
o~~.-+---------~--

K. y
tolerante Interval
2 sign conventien fo r devIatlens
, Nom lnal slze.
Upper limit of slze.
Lower limit of slze.
, Upper limit deviatIon.
, Lower limit devlatlen (In thls case 8150 fundamental devi ation).
Tolerante.
NOTE The horizontal continuous IIne. wIlleh Ilmits Ihe tolerante Inlerval, represents Iha fundamental devlatlons for a
hole , The dashed IIns, whleh IImlls Iha tolerante Inlerval, represenls Ihe ether limit devl atlon tor a hole.

Figure 1 -illustratien of defin itiens (a hole is used in the ex ample)

3.2.5.2
lower lim it dev iatien
EI to be used for internal features of size)
 BSEN IS0286-1:2010
ISO 286-1:2010(E)

3.2.7
Dvalue
variabie value added to a fixed value 10 obtain the fundamental deviation of an inlernal feature of size

See Table 3.

3.2.8
tolerance
difference between the upper limit of size and the lower limit of size

NOTE 1 The tolerance is an absolute quantity without 5ign.

NOTE 2 The tolerante Is al50 Ihe dlfference between Ihe upper limit deviation and Ihe lower limit deviatlon.

3.2.8 .1
tolerance limits
specified values of Ihe characteristic giving upper andfor lower bounds of Ihe permissible varue

3.2.8.2
standard to lerance
IT
any tolerance belonging 10 Ihe ISO code syslem for toleranees on linear sizes

NOTE The letters In Ihe abbreviated term "Ir stand for i nternational Tolerante",

3.2.8 .3
standard to lerance grade
group of to[erances for linear sizes characlerized by a common idenlifier

NOTE 1 In the ISO code system for tolerances on IInear sizes, the standard tolerance grade identifier consists of IT
followed by a number (e.g. 1T7); see 4.1.2.3.

NOTE 2 Aspec lflc tolerance grade Is consldered as correspondlng to the same level of accuracy for all nomlnal slzes.

3.2.8 .4
tolerance interval
variabie values of the size between and including Ihe tolerance limits

NOTE 1 The former term "tolerance zone", which was used in connection with linear dimensioning (according to
ISO 286-1 :1988), has been changed to "tolerance interval" since an interval refers to a range on a scale whereas a
tolerance zone in GPS refers to a space or an area , e.g. tolerancing according to ISO 1101.

NOTE 2 For the purpose of ISO 286, the interval is contained between the upper and the lower limits of size. It is
defined by the magnitude of the tolerance and its placement relative to the nominal size (see Figure 1).

NOTE 3 The tolerance Interval does not necessarlly Inc lude the nomlnal slze (see Figure 1). Tolerance IImits may be
1"11"1/", "I fl 11 , .... I I" I, ,.,,, 1 1 T f""
BS EN I sa 286-1 :2010
ISO 286-1:2010(E)

3.3.1
clearance
difference between the size of the hole and the size of the shaft when the diameter of the shaft is smaller than
the diameter of the hole

NOTE In the calculation of clearance, the oblained values are positive (see 8.2).

3.3.1.1
minimum clearan ce
(in a clearance fit) difference betw"een the lower limit of size of the hole and the upper limit of size of the shafl

See Figure 2.

3.3.1.2
maximum clearance
(in a clearance or transitien fit) difference between the upper limit of size of the hole and the lower limit of size
of the shaft

See Figures 2 and 4.

3.3 .2
inlerference
difference betore maling between Ihe size of the hole and the size of the shaft when the diameter of the shaft
is larger than the diameter of the hole

NOTE In the calculation of an inlerference, Ihe oblained values are negative (see 8.2).

3.3.2.1
minimum interference
(in an interference fit) difference between the upper limit of size of the hole and the lower limit of size of the
shaft

See Figure 3.

3.3.2.2
maximum interference
(in an interference or transition fit) difference between the lower limit of size of the hole and the upper limit of
size of the shaft

See Figures 3 and 4.

3.3.3
fit
relationshi belween an external feature of size and an internal feature of size the hole and shaft of the same
 BSEN IS0286-1:2010
ISO 286-1:2010(E)

3.3.3.3
transitien fit
fit which may provide either a clearance or an interference between the hole and the shaft when assembIed

See Figure 4.

NOTE In a transition fit, Ihe tolerante inlervals of Ihe hole and Ihe shaft overlap either completely or partially;
Iherefore. if Ihere is a clearance or an inlerference depends on Ihe aclual sizes of Ihe hole and Ihe shaft,

1 1

,
,-{
-~--+---------L
,
2 2 3

a) Oelailed b) Simplified
Ke,
1 tolerante Interval of Ihe hole
2 tolerante Interval of Ihe shaft, case 1: when Ihe upper limit of size of Ihe shaft Is lower than Ihe lower limit of slze of
Ihe hole, Ihe minimum clearance Is larger than zero
3 tolerante Interval of Ihe shaft, case 2: when the upper limit of slze of Ihe shaft Is Identlcal to Ihe lower limit of slze of
the hole, the minimum clearance Is zero
a Minimum clearance.
b Maximum clearance.
Nomlnal slze " lower limit of slze of the hole.
BS EN I sa 286-1:2010
ISO 286-1:2010( E)

1 3 2 3

,
~t ~~~ ,
1
-------
,
------ ----

a) Oelailed b) Simplif ied

Ka,
1 tolerante Interval of Ihe hole
2 tolerante Interval of Ihe shaft, case 1: when Ihe lower limit of slze of Ihe shaft Is Identlc alto Ihe upper limit of slze of
Ihe hole , Ihe minimum Interference Is zero
3 tolerante Interval of Ihe shaft, case 2: when Ihe lower limit of slze of Ihe shaft Is larger than Ihe upper limit of slze of
Ihe hole, Ihe minimum interference Is largef than zero
" Maximum Interference.
b Minimum Interference.
Nomlnal slze '" lower limit of slze of Ihe hole.

NOTE The horizonlal conlinuous wide lines, 'Nhich limit Ihe tolerance inlervals, represent Ihe fundamenlal devialions.
The dashed lines, which limit the tolerance inlervals, represent Ihe other limit deviations.

Figure 3 -lilustration of definitions of an interference fit (nomina! model)

 BS EN I S0286-1: 2010
ISO 286-1:2010(E)

2 1 4 1 4

~Iil
1-
'=-;;rr-
0
0
/f- ,"'"
f- ' -
t-.- 2 3

a) Oe ta ile d b) Simplified

Ke,
1 tolerante Interval of Ihe hole
2-4 tolerante Interval of Ihe shaft (some posslbte placemenls are shown)

" Maximum clearance.

b Maximum Inlerference.
Nomlnal slze '" lower limit of slze of Ihe hole.

NOTE The horizonlal conlinuous wide lines, which limit Ihe tolerance inlervals , represenl Ihe fundamenta l devialions.
The dashed lines. which limit Ihe tolerance inlervals, represent Ihe other limit devialions.

Figure 4 -lli ustration of definitions of a transition fit (nominal model )

3.3.4
sp an of a fit
arithmetic sum of Ihe size loleranees on two features of size compris ing Ihe fit

See Figure B. 1.

NOTE 1 The span of a fit is an absolute va lue without sign and expresses the possible nominal variation of the fit.

NOTE 2 The span of a clearance fit is the difference belween the maximum and minimum clearances. The span of an
interference fit is the difference belween the maximum and minimum interferences. The span of a transition fit is the sum
rl e ,
BS E N I sa 286-1 :2010
ISO 286-1:2010( E)

NOTE A fit syslem in which Ihe lower limit of size of Ihe hole is idenlical 10 Ihe nominal size. The required clearances
or inlerferences are oblained by combining shafts of various tolerante classes with basic holes of a tolerante ctass wilh a
fundamenlal deviation of zero.

3.4.1.2
sh aft -basis fit system
fits where the fund amental deviation of the shaft is zero , i.e. the upper limit deviation is zero

See Figure 6.

NOTE A fit system in which Ihe upper limit of size of Ihe shafl. is identicallo Ihe nominal size . The required
clearances or inlerferences are oblained by combining holes of various tolerance classes with basic shafts of a tolerante
ctass wilh a fundamenlal deviation of zero.

Ka,
1 basic hole -H"
2 tolerante Interval of the basic hole
3 tolerance Interval of the different shafls
 BSEN IS0286-1:2010
ISO 286-1:2010(E)

1
Ke,
1 basic shaft "hO
2 tolerante Interval of Ihe basic shaft
3 tolerante Interval of Ihe different holes
" Nomlnal slze.
NOTE 1 The horizonlal conlinuous lines. which limit Ihe tolerance inlervals, represent Ihe fundamenlal deviations for a
basic shan end different holes.
NOTE 2 The dashed lines . whlch limit Ihe tolerance Intervals. represent Ihe other limit devlallons.
NOTE 3 The figure shows Ihe possibility of combinalions between a basic shafl and different holes, related lolheir
standard tolerante grades.
NOTE 4 Possible examples of shaft-basls fits are: h61G7 . h6/H6. h6/M6.

Figure 6 - Shaft-basis fit system

4 ISO code system for toleranees on linear sizes

4.1 Basic concepts and designations

BS E N I sa 286-1 :2010
ISO 286-1:2010( E)

If a fit shall be toleranced , the envelope requiremenl accord ing la ISO 14405- 1 may be indicated (see A.2).
,
EXAMPLE 2 32 Y Cf) is equivalent 10 32 ' code " ®

4.1.2 Tolerance class

4.1.2.1 General

The tolerance class conlains information on the magnitude of the tolerance and Ihe position of the tolerance
interval relative la the nominal size of the feature of size .

4.1.2.2 Magnitude of the tolerance

The tolerance class expresses Ihe magnitude of the tolerance. The magnitude of the tole rance is a function of
the standard tolerance grade number and the nom inal size of the toleranced feature .

4.1.2.3 Standard tolerance grades

The slandard tolerance grades are designated by the letters IT followed by the grade number, e.g . IT?

Values of standard ised tolerances are given in Table 1. Each of the columns gives the values of the
tolerances for one standard tole rance grade between standard tolerance grades IT0 1 and IT 18 inclusive .
Each row in Table 1 is representing one range of sizes . The limits of the ranges of sizes are given in the first
column of Table 1.

NOTE 1 When the standard tolerance grade is associated with a letter cr letters representing a fundamental deviation
to form a tolerance class. the letters IT are omitted. e.g. H7.

NOTE 2 From IT6 to IT18 , the standard tolerances are multiplied by the factor 10 at each fifth step. This rule applies to
all standard tolerances and may be used to extrapolate values for IT grades not given in Table 1.

EXAMPLE Fcr the nominal size range 120 mm up to and including 180 mm, the value of IT20 is:
IT20= IT15 10=1 .6mm 10=16mm

4.1.2.4 Placement of tolerance interval

The tolerance interval (former term : tolerance zone) is a variabie value contained between the upper and the
lower limits of size. The tolerance class expresses the position of the tolerance interval relative to the nominal
size , by means of the fundamental deviation . The information on the position of the tolerance interval , i.e. on
the fundamental deviation , is identified by one or more letters , called the fundamental deviation identifiers :

., . ~ . , ..
 BSEN IS0286-1:2010
ISO 286-1:2010(E)

NOTE 1 Tc avoid confusien. the following letters are not used: I, i: L. I: O. 0; a, q: W, w.

NOTE 2 The fundamenlal devialions are nol defined individually for each specific nominal size, bul for ranges of
nominal sizes as g iven in Tab!es 2 10 5.

The fundamental deviation in micromelres is a function of the identifier (letter) and the nominal size of the
toleranced feature.

Tables 2 and 3 contain Ihe signed values of the fundamental deviations tor hole tolerances. Tables 4 and 5
contain the signed values of Ihe fundamental devialions tor shaft tolerances.

The sign + is used when the tolerance limit identified by the fundamental deviation is above nominal size and
the sign. is used when the tolerance limit idenlified by Ihe fundamenlal devialion is below nominal size.

Each of Ihe columns in Tables 2 10 5 gives Ihe values of Ihe fundamenlal devialion for one fundamenlal
devialion idenlifier letter. Each of Ihe rows is represenling one range of sizes . The limils of the ranges of sizes
are given in the first column of Ihe lables.

The other limit deviation (upper or lower) is established from the fundamental devialion and the standard
tolerance (IT) as shown in Figures 8 and 9.

NOTE 3 The concepl of fundamenlal devialtons does nol apply 10 JS and js. Their lolerance limils are dislribuled
symmetrically aboul Ihe nominal size line (see Figures 8 and 9 ).

NOTE 4 The ranges of sizes in Tables 2 10 5 are in many cases (for devialtons a 10 c and rio zc or Alo C and R 10 ZC)
subdivisions ofthe main ranges of Table 1.

The last six columns on the righl side of Table 3 contain a separate table with Dvalues. Dis a function of Ihe
tolerance grade and Ihe nominal size of the loleranced feature. It is only relevant for deviations K to and ze
for standard tolerance grades IT3 10 ITl/IT8.

The value of Dshall be added to the fixed value given in the main tabie, whenever +Dis indicated, 10 form Ihe
correct value of Ihe fundamenlal deviation .

4.2 Designatian of the toleranee class (w riting rules )

4.2.1 General

The tolerance class shall be designated by the combination of an upper·case letter(s) for holes and lower·
case letters for shafts identifying the fundamental devialion and by Ihe number representing Ihe slandard
tolerance grade .

EXAMPLE H7 (holes), h7 (shafts).

BS EN I sa 286-1 :2010
ISO 286-1:2010(E)

In the follo'Ning examples the indicaled lim it deviations are equivalent la Ihe indicated tolerance classes.

EXAMPLE 1
ISO 286 ISO 14405-1

+0,025
32 H7
32 °
80JS15 BO 0,6
-0,012
100 9 6 ® 100-0,034 CD
NOTE Wh en using + or - tclerancing delermined from a tolerance class, the tolerance class may be added in
brackets tor auxiliary Information purposes and
vice versa.

,",025) +0,025
EXAMPLE 2 32 H7 ( 0 32 0 (H7)

4.2.3 Determinatien of a tolerance class

Determination of a tolerance class is derived from fit requirements (clearances, interferences), see 5.3.4.

4.3 Determination of the limit deviations (reading rules )

4.3. 1 Genera!

The determination of the limit deviations tor a given toleranced size , e.g . the transformation of a tolerance
class into + and - tolerancing can be performed by the use of:

the Tables 1 to 5 of this part of ISO 286 (see 4 .3.2) ; or

the tables of ISO 286-2 (see 4.3 .3). Only selected cases are covered.

4.3. 2 Determination of limit deviations using the tab les of this part of ISO 286

4.3 .2 .1 General

The tolerance class is decomposed into the fundamental deviation identifier and the standard tolerance grade
number.

EXAMPLE Toleranced slze for a hole 90 F7 CD and tor a shart 90 f7 CD

 BSEN IS0286-1:2010
ISO 286-1:2010(E)

EXAMPLE 1 Toleranced slze for a hole 90 F7 ® end for a shaft 90 f7 Cf)

The standard tolerance grade number is "1'. hence,lhe standard tolerance grade is IT7.
The standard tolerance value has 10 be laken trom Table 1 In the IIne of the nomlnal slze range above 80 mm up to and
including 120 mm and in the column oflhe standard tolerance grade IT7 .
Consequenlly. Ihe standard tolerance value Is: 351Jm.

EXAMPLE 2 Toleranced size for a hole 28 P9 CD

The standerd tolerante grade number Is "9", hence. the standard tolerance grade Is IT9.
The standard tolerance value has 10 be laken trom Table 1 in the hne of Ihe nominal size range above 18 mm up 10 and
Including 30 mm and In the column ofthe standard tolerance grade IT9.
Consequenlly Ihe slandard lolerance value is: 52 IJm.

4.3.2.3 Pos iti on of the tolerance interval

From the nominal size and the fundamental deviation identifier the fundamental deviation ( the upper or lower
lim it deviation ) is obtained by use of Tables 2 and 3 for holes (upper-case letters) and Tables 4 and 5 for
shafts (Iower-case letters).

EXAMPLE 1 Toleranced size for a hole 90 F7 ®

The fundamenlal devialion idenlifier is "F", hence, this is a hole case and Table 2 applies.
From Table 2, IIne -SO 10 100" and column "F", Ihe lower limit deviation EI Is: +36 IJm .

EXAMPLE 2 Toleranced size for a shart 90 f7 ®

The fundamenlal devialion idenlifier is "f", hence, this is a shafl case and Table 4 applies.
From Table 4. line "SO 10 100" and column "1"". Ihe upper limll devialion es is: - 36 IJm.

EXAMPLE 3 Toleranced size for a hole 2S P9 ®

The fundamenlal devialion idenlifier is "P", hence, this is a hole case and Table 3 applies.
From Table 3, IIne "24to 30" and column "Po, the upper limit deviation ES is: - 22 IJrn.

4.3.2.4 Establishment of limit deviations

One of the limit deviations (upper or lower) has already been determined in 4 .3.2.3. The other limit deviations
(upper or lower) are obtained by calculation according to the formulae given in Figures 8 and 9 and us ing the
standard tolerance values of Table 1.

EXAMPLE 1 Toleranced size for a hole 90 F7 ®

Accordin. 104.3.2.2 IT7 = 35 urn
BS EN I sa 286-1 :2010
ISO 286-1:2010(E)

EXAMPLE 3 Toleranced size for a hole 29 P9 CD

According 10 4.3.2.2 IT? = 52 IJm

Accordlng 10 4.3.2.3 Upper limit devlatlon ES"'·22I-1 m

Accordlng 10 formul a In Figure a Lower limit devlatlon EI=ES-IT=-22- 52 "'·74 IJm
-0,022
From thai follows: 28 P9 ® 28-0,074 ®
4.3.2.5 Establishment of limit deviations using Dval ues

For determining Ihe fundamental deviations K. Mand N for slandard tolerance grades up la and including IT8
and P la ze up la and including 1T7, Ihe values Dfrom Ihe columns on Ihe righl of Table 3 shall be taken into
consideratien.

EXAMPLE 1 TOleranced slze for a hole 20 K7 ®

Table 1: ITIln Ihe range above 18 mm up 10 and including 30 mm In '" 21 )Jm

Tabla 3: Din Ihe range above 18 mm up 10 and Includlng 24 mm for IT7 D= 8 J.lm

For K In the range above 18 mm up to and including 24 mm:

Upper limil devialion ES == - 2 + D == - 2 + 8 == +6 IJm

Lower limil devialion EI == ES - IT == +6 - 21 == - 15 IJm

+0.006
From thai follows: 20 K7 ® 20-0.015 ®
EXAMPLE 2 Toleranced size for a hole 40 U6

Table 1: IT6 in Ihe range above 30 mm up to a nd including 50 mm lTS == 1SIJm

Table 3: Din Ihe range above 30 mm up to and including 40 mm tor lTS D== 5IJm

For U in Ihe range abo ve 30 mm up 10 and including 40 mm:

Upper limil devialion ES == - SO + D == - SO + 5 == - 55 IJm

Lower limit devlatlon EI == ES - IT '" - 55 - 1S '" - 71 IJm

- 0,055
From Ihal follows: 40 US 40 - 0,071

NOTE For Ihis interference fit. Ihe env elope req u irement has been omitted inlenlionally. For streng inlerference fils , it
is nol necessary 10 apply Ihe envelope requirement.

4 .3.3 Determinatian a f limit deviatians us i ng the tab les af ISO 286-2

 BSEN IS0286-1:2010
ISO 286-1:2010(E)

B
+

u V X Y Z

a) Holes (internal features ofsize)

,
BS E N I sa
286-1 :2010
ISO 286-1:2010( E)

Limit deviations

I I I I I I I
A to G H JS J K M N Pto ze

+
1::+ ~ lil ,§-
ül '"w ,L
0
1;'1
l2J
-
:~
.Il
~
ül
,J..,
~
2,
~
A
~
~~ ül

- ~ c2
ES:: EI + IT I ES~ I ES~ I ES > ° ! ES {see Table 2 and 3) !, ES< 0
: 0 + IT : + IT/2 : ,
(see (see Table 3)
I I I
,, ,, ,,
Table 2) ,I I

EI> 0 I EI : o I EI: I EI:ES-IT

,
, , - IT/2 ,
, ,
(see Table 2)

IT see Table 1

Key
Kl 10 K3, and also K4 10 KB tor slzes tor whlch - < nomlnal slze u 3 mm (for Ihe significante of Ihe dash, see e.g.
100lnole "a" to Table 2)
2 K410 Ka tor slzes: 3 mm < nomlnal slze u 500 mm
3 K910 KIS
4 M11oM6
5 M91oM18
6 NltoN8
7 N9toN18
NOTE The represented tolerante intervals correspond approximalely 10 a nominal size range of above 10 mm up la
and including 18 mm ,
 BS EN IS0286-1:2010
ISO 286-1:2010(E)

Limit deviations

I I I I I
a to 9 h is i k m toze

+
,1-

Ifi ~
~~
Ifi

18L':
."
~~
i7 i~
J d.
~- Ifi
."

Ê
" ~-
- ~.

es< 0 I, es= 0 !, es=+IT/2

!, es=a+IT ,,! es=ei+IT !,, es=a+IT
, ,
(see Tabfe 4)
I I I, I I,
ei=e5- 1T : 6=0-IT : ei=-IT/2 , ei <O : ei = Oor>O , ei = > 0
I, I, I, (see Table 4) I, (see Table 5) I, (see Table 5)
IT see Table 1

Key
1 jS, J6
2 k1 10 k3, and also k4 10 k7 tor slzes tor W'hlch - < nomlnal slze u 3 mm (tor Ihe slgnlficance of Ihe dash, see e.g.
faatnole -a" 10 Tabla 2)
3 k4 10 k7 tor slzes tor whl ch 3 mm < nomlnal slze u 500 mm
4 k8tok18
NOTE The represented tolerance intervals correspond approximately 10 a nominal size range of above 10 mm up la
and including 18 mm ,

Figure 9 - Lim it deviations tor shafts

BS EN I sa 286-1:2010
ISO 286-1 :2010(E)

Tabl e 1 - Va[ues of standard toleranee grades for nominal si zes up to 3 150 mm

NQ", l n ~ 1 :;I,e Standard tolerance grades

mm ITO I l iTo II TI IIT2 1113 I IT4 I IT5 IIT6 IIT7 t IT8 II T9 I-mD II T11 t IT12 IIT1 3 11T141 IT1 S I IT1S I IT I 7 1ITI 8

Upto Slandard tolerance values

AtlDve '"'
inclu - ,m mm
ding
, , ,
, '.'.''
- 3 0.3 0.8 3 6 .0 0, 14 0, 25 OA 0.6 'A
6
0'
, , " "30 " '" 0.'
0,12 0,16 0,75
3 0" 0.6
, '.'
2.'
,
8
" " " " 0.3 0,48 U ' 8
6 W OA 0.6
" ,
6 3
" " 30
" ,,,'" '.' "
0,15 0,22 0. 30 0." 0.3
W
" M 0.8 U 2 3 8
" " " " " ,
'. 0,16 0,27 0,43 0.' ' .8 V
, '.', , ,
'.' ,. , ,,
" 30
5()
0.6
, '.',
6 3
" " Je
" H'"" '" ,
0,21 0, 33 0,52 0,64 ' .3 3.3
30 0.6
, " " " " 39
'''' 0.2 5 0,39 0,62 ' .6 2.' 3.3

"" 80 0.8
,
' 2
,.,
3
,
8
" " 30
'" " '" '''' '.' 0. 3 0, 46 0,74 ' .3 3 ' .6
80 ;, 'A ,., 3' 5A 0.;' 0,87
'20
"2 ,
6 .0
" " 39
'" '" OA
87
,
0.35
,
'20 '80
25()
'.'2 3.'
,., ,
8
" " " " 63
'''' ""
' 00 0,63

0,72
' .6 2.' 6.3

'80 3
" " 20 23
" " '" '" 2'" 0.46 1.1 5 1.85 2.9 ' 6 ' .2
2"" 3"
'.' ,, 6
,
8
" " " " " " ' 30 ,.0 " 0 0, 52 0,81

0,89
'.3 2. , 3.' '2 8.'

" 5
400
400 3
4 6 8
3
" " 20
" 30
" '" 89 230 360
" ,., ,
0,57 2.3 3.6 5.'
6.3
8.9

, '"
63 0,63 0,97 1,55
'00
" " " " ,,," ,,,
'" "" ,,
'00
500
BW
630
800
3
" " " "
30
" " ,,, '" " 0
, "
0.'
0. 8 1,25
1,75

2
2.8 ' .4
8 12,5

"100
" " " " '" '" "'"
'00 " 0
, .4
3.'
800
, 00<>
" " " " 40 56
'" '"
H" ""
230 360 0.3
" 2.3 3.6 ' .6 3

""" " " 24 Je 42 56

'" '''' '" ""
3.' ,
1,05 1,65 2.6 4.' 6.6 10,5 16,5

""" "00
2 00<>
" " 23 39
" " '" '" 3" "'" ''''
'.' 6003' 320
1.25 1,95
6
' .8 12,5 19,5

"00
" " " " " ,,," ""
m
'30 "0
, " " '.3 ' .2
200<> 2 500
" 30
" " ,." '" '" ,"" '., ;'0
' 00 " 00
" 1.75
" 2.8 4" 17,5

""'" """ " 30

'" " '" 2.0 330
"'"'A 3.3 8.6 13,5
" Je
 BSEN IS0286-1:2010
ISO 286-1:2010(E)

Tab le 2 - Values of the fundamental deviations tor holes A to M

Fundamenta l devialion vatues In micromelres
Nom lnal slze Fundamental deviatIon values
mm Lower lim it dev lallon , EI Uppef limit Clevlatlon. ES
Up to Up 10
Upto
AtJove
'"'
InC lud -
All sl andard toler ance gr ades
'"' - Above
'"' '" InClud
'" '" '" Includ-
Above

'"
Ing lTS Ing lTS
'"9 A' B' c co o E EF F FG G H ~.o.d

, " ,
, e
+270
+2 70
+140
+140
-+60
+70
+34
+46
+20
+30
+14
+20
+10
+14 +10
+6 +4
+6 " , "
"
+4
«>
+6
+10 -1+ 0 -4 + 0
e +280 +150 +80 +56 +40 +25 +18 +13 +6 " , " +8 +12 -1+ 0 -6 + 0 -e
10 14
+290 +1 50 +95 +70 +50 +32 +23 +16 +10 ,e , +6 +10 +15 -1 +0 -7+ 0
14 18

" +300 + 160 +110 +85 +65 +40 +28 +20 +12 " , +8 +12 +20 - 2+0 -8 + 0

" +3 10 + 170 +120

,
" +320 +180 +130
+100 +00 +50 +35 +25 +15 " +10 +14 +24 -2+ 0 -9 + 0

"
'" +340
+360
+ 190
+200
+140
+150
+100 +60 ," +10 0 +13 +18 +28 -2+ 0 - 11+ 0 - 11

+380 +220 +170

"" +120 +72 +12 0
,•
~
e
+16 +22 +34 -3 + 0 - 13 + 0 - 13
'00
'" +410
+460
+240
+260
+180
+200
'" '" +520 +280 +210 ," u
!;. -3 + 0 - 15 + 0 - 15
'" '''' +580 +310 +230
+145 +85 +14 0
•
+18 +26 +41

'''' '"" !
'" "'" +660
+740
+340 +240
+380 +260 +170 +100 ,'" +15 0 •
E +22 +30 +47 - 4+0 - 17+0 _17
'00
'"
'"
''''
'""
''0
'""
315
+820
+920
+420 +280
+480
+1050 +540
+300
+330
+190 +1 10 ," +17 0 •,"
~
1:
+25 +36 +55 -4 + 0 - 20 + 0 - 20

", +1 200 +600 +360

'" ,"
,,
+210 +125 +1 8 0 c: +29 +39 +60 -4 + 0 - 21+ 0 - 21

'" "" +1 350

+1 500
+680
+760
+400
+440 ,,.
' 00
''0
''''
500 +1 650 +840 +480
+230 +135 +20 0 'I: +33 +43 +ffi -5 + 0 - 23 + 0 - 23

~
500 5W

''0
+260 +145 ," +22 0
,"
"'"
+290 +160 +24 0
•~
o

"'"
900 "'"
"00
+320 +170 +26 0

1000 1 120
+350 +195
,,,. +28 0
1120 1250
1 250 1 400
Tab le 3 - Values of th e fundamental dev iations for holes N to ze
"'",
0",
"'
g:Zm
Fundamenlal devialion values and Dvalues in micromelres

Fundament;:ll devlatl on valu es

Upper lim it deviatIon , t'S
Values lor 0 ~~
o
~ '"

Standar d toleranee gr ades above In Standar d t oleranee

gr ades
- '"
a'"
m,
-~

e R , , u v , , ze ,n m
'"o
~
Z ZA ZB
'"0 '"0 ""0 '"0 o
-6 -00
-" -" -20 - 26 -n -<0 -60 0
, ',' , , 0

-" -" -" - 23 -28 - 35 - <2 - 50 -sa

, , , 3 6

-"
-"
-"
-23
-23

- 28
_28

- 33
- JO
-"
- <0

-"
-<2
- '0
_60
..
-0<
-
_n
_6J
- 90
- 108
-"
- 130
- 1 ~O
, ,
',5
, ,
3
3

3
6

-zz - 28 - 35
-"
-"
-"
-"
-"
- 55
- 5'
- . -63
- l>

-'"
-33
-66
-"
- 118
- 136
- 160
- 188
- 2 18
, ,
"

,
, ,
,
"
3

-zo -" - <J

-5'
- 60
_JO
-"
- 66 -sa
-" _ 11 4
- 1I 2
- 136
- 148
- 180
- 200
- 242
_ 274
_ 325 ,
" 3
" 5

- 3Z -" - 63 -66 - 6J - 102 - 122

'"
-_ 174 -17 2 - 226 - 300 - 405 , ,
-" -56 -l> - 102 - 120 _ 146 - 21 0 _ 274 _ 360 _480
3
" " 6

- 33 -" -" -" - 124 - 146 - 178 - 214 - 258 - 335 -M' - 585 , , , ,
- 5'
-63
- 36
- 9Z
- H"
-1 22
- 144 - 172 - 2 10 - '5'
- 300
_ 310 ~OO _ 525 _ 690
" "
_<J -os '"
- 170
- 190
- 202
- 228
- 248
- 280
- 365
_4 15
- 470
_ ~35
- 620
_ 700
- 800
_ 900 3 , 6 , 23
-66
- '00
- 108
-
- 146 - 210 - 252 - 3 10
-" 0
- 380 -465 - 600 - 780 - 1 000 "
-n _ 122
''''
-sa
- 166 - 236
-
_ 350 _425
_470
_ 520 - 670
_ 740
- 880 _ 1 150
3 ,, 6 26
- 50

-'"
- 130
- 140
- 180
- 196
- 258

''''
- 310
- "0
- 385
- 425 - 520
- 575
-"0 - 820
- 960
- 1 050
- 1 250
-1 3~0
"
, , , ,
-
- 56
-'"
- Be
- 158
- 170
- 2 18
- 240
- 315
- 350
- 385
-425
_475
- 525
- 580
- 650
- 7 10
- 790
- 920
- 1 000
- 1 200
- 1 300
- 1 550
- 1 700
zo 20

- Ol - 108
- '" - 268 - 390 - 475 - 590 - 730 - 900 - I 150 - 1 500 - 1 900
, , 3Z
_ 114 - 208
'''' _ 435 _ 530 _ 660 - 820 - 1 000 - 1 300 - 1650 - 21 00
5
" "
- 66 - 126 - 232
-
-330 -490 - 595 - 740 - 920 - 1 100 - I 450 - 1 850 - 2400 , ,
-38
_ 132
- 150
_ 252
- 280
- 360
-4 00
- 5'0
- 600
- 660 _ 820 - 1 000 - 1 250 _ 1 600 _ 2 100 _2600
5
" " 23

_ 1~ 5 _ 31 0 _4 50 _ 660
 Table 3 (continued )

Fun dam ental devlatl on values

Values lo r 0
Up pe r lim it deviatIo n , I,;S

Standar d to leran ee
Standar d to leranee gr ades aO ove 1T7
grades

, R , , , , m
C V
" '" '" '" '" '"
ij,
Y
"
- 100
oae - 175
- 185
- 210
- '"
- 380
-430
-500
- 560
- 620
..-",,
_ 740
-
- 220 - 470 - 680 - 1 050

- 120
- 250
- 260
_ '"
- 520
- 580
_ ""
-..,
_780

_960
_ 1 150
- 1 300
- 1 450
- 140
- 330 - 720 - 1 050 - 1 600
_ 820 - 1 200 - 1 850

.
- 370
- 170
-",
- ,
- 920
- 1 000
- 1 350
- 1 500
- 2 000
- 2 300
- 195
- 460 - 1 100 - 1 650 - 2 500
- 550 - 1 250 - 1 900 - 2 900
- 240
- 580 - 1 400 - 2 100 - 3 200
!.5
~des aOove IT8 shall not be usedlor noml nal slzes u 1 mmo

Ol
(J)
m
(ii Z
0 -
"'8
8':",
~~
"'
o .'--
'"
0~ 0
EJC:;
BS EN I sa 286-1 :2010
ISO 286-1:2010(E)

Table 4 - Val ues of the fundamental deviations tor shafts a to j

Fundamenla l devialion vatues in micromelres

Nomlnal slze Fundamental deviat ion values

mm Upper limit dev iation , es lower deviation , ti

Up to 'T5
Above
All slandard toler ance grades
"" '" '"
includ-
Ing
f--c'-'--':--r--'--'-'C--r-''-'--'--'--=--r-CC-'--C--'--'-'--'--'-CC-t-"
a3 t J ' ! c cd d e ef f fg ghJS
''~'-1--,--L---1
j
_ 140 -u -, _4 -2 0 -2 -4 -,
3 ,
3 - 270
- 270 - 140
-6<J
-m
- :}4

- 46
- 20
- 30 - 2<) -u - .0 -6 -4 0 -2 -4
.0
- "'" - 80 - 56 - 40 n -8 -5 0 - 2-5
.0
14 tB - "" - 95 - 70 - 50 - 32 - 23 - .0 -, o -3 -,
" - 300
- "" - 110 -ss - 65 - 25 - 20 -7 o -, -,
" JO
JO - 310 - 170 - ,2<)
- 100 - 80 - 5<7 - 35 - 25 - J5 -9 o -5 - .0
- 320 - '80 - ,JO
5<7 '"65 - 140
- '00 -6<J - JO - .0 o -7 - l>
- 36<J - ,5<7
'00 - 380 - 22JJ - 170
- 120 - 72 - 36 - l> o -9 - J5
'00 120 -4 10 '80
,2<) 140 - 460 - 26<J - 200
160 - 520 280 - 210 - 145 - 85 -u o -ll
'"
l6" 180 - 580 - 310 - 23<7
200 - 660 - 3MJ - 2"
200 225 - 740 - 380 - 26<J - 170 - 100 - J5 o -n
225 250 - 820 - 420 - 280
25<7 280 - 920 - '80 - 300
- 190 - 110 - 56 - J7 o - l6 - 26
280 315 - 1050 33<7
375 355 - 1 200 - 600 - 36<J
400 - 1350 '00
- 210 - 125 - 62
-" o -" - 28

"Xl 450 - 1 500 - 76<7 - 440

- 230 - 135 - 68 - 2<) o - 20 - 32
,5<7 500 - 1650
- "'"
,•
500 560
- 260 - 145 - 76 - 22 o
63<l
"
,3<7 7J0
- 290 - 160 - 80 o
7W
-.o
- 320 - 170 - 86 - 26 o
"" , 000
 BSEN IS0286-1:2010
ISO 286-1 :2010(E )

Tab le 5 - Values of the fundamental deviations tor shafts k to ze

Fundamenlal deviation values in micromelres

Nominal size Fundamental devialion values

",m Lower lim it devlallon,.'

Up 10

'"'
includ-
":"~" '"
'" Ing IT3 All slan(Jard loleranee griKIes

'"""-
ding
'" '"'above

, '" m , , • • y ,
." '"."
p ~

., "., " "

-
., ., ., ."
Y6 ." ." ." ." '"
., ., ." ." .B m ." ." ." .,., ."
" ." ." .B m ." .'" ." ." ." ."
YO
" ., , ., ." ." m ." ."
." ." ..,
.50 ." .'" ."
.,'"
." .,,, .""
m
" " ., , ., ." ." ." .63 .n
" " ",
." ." ." ." ." ." ....
." ." ."" ·"'1 .",
·'''1

d'" ~ ., , ., ." ." ." ." .m .,,, ., " .,,,

." ." .,,, .,,, ."" .,,, .",
50 65
., , ." ." .53 ." .,,,
." .,,, .'" .", .300 .,oe
00 ." ." ." ." .,,, .,,, .,'" .,., .,oe
.,
65

'00 ., , .n .5Y .,,,

." ." .,,, . m .,,, .,,,
.""
.",
.",
.,,,
.",.,,,
. ".
.,8<
'00 ""
m
." ." .,'" ."" .'00 .", .,,,
.63 ." .", .", .3001 .'" .,m .,'" .8001
'''I '" ., , ." ."
.",
""
.'00 .,'" .,'" "001 ."'''1 .'" ~ .'00
I'J00
.65

.,,, .,,, ~ ."" ~ .,,, .,m

'"
'00
., , ." ." .'" .."., .m
.,., .", ."" .", .,m .,,, .""
.n" .,,,
.""
."" ""
iW
'"
''''
.,,,
." .,,, .", ."'" .", .,,, ...." .,,, .,,'"
." .", .", .'" .'" ."" .'" .,,, ""
"" "" ., , ." .'" ." .,,, ."'" .", .", ..,., .,'"
."00 I'"''
."00 I·"oc
.,'" .""
. , 000
""
'"
'"'SS ., , ." m .,'" .", .,,,
.,'" .'" .,'" .'eo ."'" ., "" ."00 I·, ""'I
.,'" .,,,
IJ: ., " m ."
.,,., ."" .""
. ",
.,'"
."" ~
.,,, 1

.",
."" I j~t' I .,
.""
... 00 I ."'"
. , '"
000

'000 . ,,'"
300

. , 500
"'"
. , 65"
."00 ! :~
óOO
,,,, ,
"" , ." ." .'00
.,,, ."" .,'" ...,
Y600

.'" ."'" .500 .,,,

580

"" '"800
, , .",
.'" .,,,
"" ."" .""
.,,, .,,,, .,,, .""
.580

8001 "'" , , .'" .55

BS EN I sa 286-1 :2010
ISO 286-1:2010(E)

4.4 Select ion of to leran ee classes

Whenever possible, the tolerance classes should be chosen trom those corresponding to the classes for holes
and shafts given in Figures 10 and 11 , respectively. The firsl choice should preferably be made trom Ihe
tolerance classes , shown in the frames.

NOTE 1 The tolerance system of limils and fits gives Ihe possibilily cf a very wid e choice among Ihe various tolerance
classes (see Tables 2 10 5), even if this choice is limiled only 10 those shovm in ISO 286-2 . By restricting Ihe selection of
tolerante classes, an unnecessary multiplicity of lools and gauges can be avoided.

NOTE 2 The tolerance classes of Figures 10 and 11 apply only 10 general purposes which do not require a more
specific selection of tolerance classes. Keyways . for example. require a more specific selection.

NOTE 3 Deviations js and J5 may be replaced by the corresponding deviations i and J if necessary in aspecific
application.

_ ~ JS6 g M6 ~ N N • ~

F7 G7 H7 JS7 K7 I M7 1 N7 P7 R7 57 T7 U7 X7
E8 F8 H8 JS8 K8 MB NB PB RB

0' E' F' H'

C10 010 E10 -;:;;0
I A11 B11 C11 011
B
Fig ure 10 - Holes

95 h5 J'5 k5 m5 '5 p5 '5 '5 IS

96 m6 ,6 p6 ,6 16 ,6 ,6
.7
"
r7 m7 ,7 p7
",7 ,7 17 ,7
d8 e8 re h8
b'
" d' ., G
d10 MD
1.11 b11 ,11
B
Figure 11 - Shafts
 BSEN IS0286-1:2010
ISO 286-1 :2010(E )

5.2 Generics of fits

5.2.1 Des ignation of fits (wriling rules )

A fit between maling features shall be designated by

the common nomina! size;

the tolerance class tor the hole;

the tolerance class tor the shaft.

EXAMPLE 52 H7/g6 ® or 52 H7
g6
CD

5.2.2 Delerminalion of the limit devialions (reading rules )

To read the fit designalion (e.g. 52H7/g6 <D), apply the rules described in 4.3. To determine the clearances
and inlerferences , see Annex B.

5.3 Determination of a fit

5.3.1 General

There are twa possibilities to delermine a fit. Determination of a fit either by experience (see 5.3.4) or by
calculaling the permissible clearances and/or interferences derived trom the functional re quirements and the
production possibilities of the mating parts (see 5.3.5 ).

5.3.2 Practical recommendations for determining a fit

There are more characteristics than the sizes of the mating parts and their tolerances , which influence the
function of a fit. In order to give a complete techn ical definition of a fit, further influences shall be taken into
consideration.

Further influences may be , for example , form , orientation and location deviations, surface texture , density of
the material , operaling lemperalures, heallreatmenl and material of Ihe maling parts.

Form , orientation and localion lolerances may be needed as a supplemenl to Ihe size tolerances on the
maling fealures of size in order 10 conlrol the intended funclion of Ihe fit.

For more information about selecting a fit, see Annex B.

BS EN I sa 286-1:2010
ISO 286-1:2010( E)

5.3.4 Oelerm ination of a spee itie fit by experience

Based on the decision taken , the toleranee grades and the fundamental deviation (placement of toleranee
interval) should then be chosen tor the hole and the shaft la give the corresponding minimum and maximum
clearances or interferences thai best meet the req uired conditions of use .

For normal ord inary eng ineering purposes , only a smal! number of the many possible fils is required .
Figures 12 and 13 indicale those fits w hich wil! be found la meet many of the needs of an average engineering
organizalion . For economie reasens , the first choice tor a fit should, whenever possible, be made trom Ihe
toleranee classes shown in Ihe frames (see Figures 12 and 13).

Satisfactory fits are obtained by the following combinations of bas ic holes system (see Figure 12) or for
special applications the combinations of basic shafts system (see Figure 13).

Basic Tolerance classes for shafts

hole Clearance fits Transition fits Interference fits
H6 gS hS l'S kS mS oS pS
H7 f6 g6 h6 jsS ks lms E I p6 ,6 ,6 1 tB ,6 ,6

H8
e7 f7
~ I" '7 m7
"
,7
d8 e8 f8 h8
H9 d8 r;,- f8 h8
H10 b9 09 d9 e9
~
H11 b11 011 d10 h10

Figu re 12 - Preferabie fits of the hole-basis system

Basic Tolerance cl asses for holes

shaft Clearance fits Transition fits Interference fits
hS G6 H6 JS6 K6 M6 N6 P6
h6 F7 G7 H7 JS7 K7 1 M7 E
I P7 R7 S7 ln U7 X7
h7 E8 F8 H8
h8 09 I E9 F9 H9
E8 F8 H8
, I , F ,
 BSEN IS0286-1:2010
ISO 286-1 :2010(E )

Annex A
(informative)

Further information about the ISO system of limits and fits and former
practice

A.1 Farmer practice of default definition of linear size

In ISO 286-1:1988, the default definition of diameters toleranced with ISQ-toJerance classes (e.g. 30 H6)
was the Taylor principle (maling size at maximum material limit and local diameter at least materiallimit) as
stated in ISO/R 1938:1971.

ThaI meant thaI for any features of size toleranced with ISQ-tolerance classes the enveJope requirement was
valid without indicating the latter, even if the loleranced feature of size was not part of a fit.

EXAMPLE 24 h13 for head diameters of round head screws accordlng to ISO 4759-1, Ihe envelope requlrement
was valld automatlcally.

A.2 Detailed interpretation of a toleranced size

The interpretation of a toleranced size according to ISO 286-1 :1988 and ISO/R 1938:1971 was made in the
follow ing ways w ithin the stipulated length.

a) for holes

The diameter of the largest perfect imaginary cylinder, which can be inscribed within the hole sa that it
just contacts the highest points of the surface , should not be smaller than the maximum materiallimit of
size.

The maximum local diameter at any position in the hole shall not exceed the least materiallimit of size.

b) for shafls

The diameter of the smallest perfect imaginary cylinder, w hich can be circumscribed about the shaft sa
that it just contacts the highest points of the surface, should not be larger than the maximum materiallimit
of size.
BS EN I sa 286-1 :2010
ISO 286-1:2010(E)

A.3 Change of default definition of linear size

The default definition tor a toleranced linear size is changed according la ISO 14405- 1 la local size between
two opposite points. For Ihe local size of an extracted feature, see ISO 14660-2:1999, 4.2.

To state exactly the same requirement (Taylor principle according lolSOIR 1938:1971) on Ihe drawi ng , the
toleranee statement shall according to ISO 14405-1 be followed by the mod ifier tor maling size, e.g. the
envelope requirement.

EXAMPLE 30 H6 CD
 BSEN IS0286-1:2010
ISO 286-1 :2010(E )

Annex B
(informalive )

Examples of Ihe use of ISO 286-1 la delermine fits and tolerance classes

8.1 General

This annex gives examples in the use of the 1$0 syslem of limits and fits in determining the clearances and/or
interferences of fits. Furthermore, il contains examples for determin ing toleranee classes out of fits.

8.2 Determination of fits trom the limit deviations

From the definitions of Ihe c[earances and the inlerferences , the calculation of the min imum clearances and
the maximum interferences is made using the same formula :

lower limit of size of the hole - upper limit of size of the shaft.

and for the calculation of the maximum clearances and the minimum interferences:

upper limit of size of the hole - lower limit of size of the shaft.

The result of Ihe calculation is a positive or a negative value. From the defin itions follows that clearances are
positive and interterences are negative. That means a "+ sign" for clearances and a u _ sign" for interterences.

After interpreting the results of the calculation the absolute values are taken to communicate and describe the
clearances and interterences.

EXAMPLE 1 Calculatlon of the fi t: 36 H81f7

From the tables of ISO 286-2 for the hole 36 H8 results:

ES " +0,039 mm hence ct follow s: upper limit of size " 36,039 mm

EI " 0 lower limit ofsize " 36,000 mm

and for the shafi 36 f7 results:

C:S " - 0,025 mm hence it fo llows: upper limit of size "35,975 mm

rli f
BS EN I sa 286-1 :2010
ISO 286-1:2010(E)

EXAMPLE 2 Calculation of Ihe fit: 36 H7fn6

From the lables of ISO 286-2 for Ihe hole 36 H7 results:

ES :: +0,025 mm henee it fellows : upper limit of slze :: 36.025 mm

EI " 0 lower limit of slze " 36.000 mm

and for Ihe shaft 36 n6 resu lts:

cs '" +0 ,033 mm henee il fe llows: upper limit of slze '" 36 .033 mm

ci "+0 ,017 mm lower limit of slze " 36.017 mm

Therefore:

lower limit of size of Ihe hole - upper limit of size af the shaft." 36,000 - 36,033 " - 0,033 mm

upper limit of size of Ihe hole - Iower limit of size afthe shaft" 36,025 - 36,0 17" +0,008 mm

The calculation results in a positive and a negative value. Thai means Ihe fit has a clearance of 0,008 mm and an
inlerference cf 0,033 mm and is a transitien f it.

EXAMPLE 3 Calculation afthe fit: 36 H7/s6

From Ihe tables of ISO 286· 2 for ths hols 36 H7 rssults:

ES = +0,025 mm hence it follows : upper limit of si ze = 36,025 mm

EI = 0 lower limit of size = 36,000 mm

and for ths shaft 36 s6 resu lts:

es = +0,059 mm hence it follows: upper limil of size = 36,059 mm
ei = +0,043 mm lower limit of size = 36,043 mm

Therefore :

low er limit of size of Ihe hole - upper limll of slze of the shalt = 36,000· 36,059 =·0,059 mm

upper limil of size of the hole - Iower limit of slze ofthe shaft = 36,025· 36,043 =·0,018 mm

The calculalion resulls in two negalive values, Thai means Ihe fil has a maximum inlerference of 0,059 mm and a
minimum inlerferenc e of 0,0 18 mm and is an interf erence f it.

8 .3 Determination of the span of a fit

To determine the span of a fit, use the interpreted results of the calculation.
 BSEN IS0286-1:2010
ISO 286-1 :2010(E )

90
[::::;
80

70

60 ;;
50
40 "
30
-
20 ,
10 "
o ~
10 '"
~
~
20

30 ~

40 .;

50

60

70

Ka,
maximum clearance c, '" 0,089 mm C2 '" 0,008 mm
minimum cleara nce d "0,025 mm
BS EN I sa 286-1 :2010
ISO 286-1:2010(E)

BA Determination of a spee itie tolerance class trom calculated fit s

8.4.1 Magnitude of the tolerance

For the transformation of a calculated fit into limit deviations , and if possible into tolerance classes, first the
magnitudes of Ihe toleranees have 10 be determined by using Table 1 of Ihis part of ISO 286 according 10 Ihe
following formula:

Span ofthe calculaled fit WI T-value for Ihe hole + IT-value for Ihe shaft

EXAMPLE Calculated fit Nomlnal slze 40mm

(see 5.3.5) Minimum clearance 24 IJm
Maximum clearance 921-1 m
Span of Ihe clearance fit 68 IJm

The sum oftwo selecled slandard tolerance values has 10 be equal or smaller than Ihe span of Ihe calculaled fit.
Half of Ihe span of Ihe fit Is 34 I-Im. In Table 1, In Ihe IIne of Ihe nomlnal slze range above 30 up 10 and including 50 mm ,
Ihe value 34 IJm is silualed between 25 IJm and 39 IJm. The sum of Ihe lable values is 64 IJm which is smaller than 68 IJm.

Hence . II follows: Dne standard tolerance Is 25 IJm end Ihe standard lolerance grade Is IT7.
The second slandard tolerance Is 39IJm and Ihe slandard lolerance grade Is IT8.

8.4.2 Determination of the deviations and the toleranee class

Then the decision has to be made whether to adopt Ihe hole-basis fit syslem (hole H) or the shafl-basis fit
system (shafl h) or another combination of fundamental deviations, see 5.3.3.

For Ihe example below, the hole-basis fit system has been chosen according la 5.3.3 . Therefore, the toleranee
class identifier is Hand Table 2 applies for Ihe determinalion of the toleranee class.

EXAMPLE Nomlnal slze (from Example 8.4.1 ) 40 mm

Chosen fit system hole H

a) Determination of the tolerance class for the hole

Chosen standard tolerance grade forthe hole (from Example 8 .4.1): IT8

In Table 2, Ihe fundamenlal devlallon can be chosen In Ihe column H

the lower limit deviation EI = 0

the upper limit devialion follows from ES = EI + IT = 0 + 39 (IT8) = + 39 IJm

Hence, il follows: lower limit of size of the hole is 40 mm

upper limit of size of Ihe hole is 40,039 mm
 BSEN IS0286-1:2010
ISO 286-1 :2010(E )

From Ihe definition ofthe upper limit deviatien (see 3.2 .5.1). it fellow s:

es = upper limit of size - nominal size

es = 39,976 - 40 = - 0,024 mm = - 24 IJm

In Table 4, in Ihe !ine of Ihe nomina! size range above 30 mm up 10 and including 50 mmo Ihe value - 25 IJm can be
found for es.

Hence, II fellows: for es " - 25 J.lffi Ihs tolerance cl ass Identltler Is or, and
lower deviatien ei = es - IT7 = - 25 - 25 = - 50 IJm

and tolerance c1ass for Ihe shafl is f7 and Ihe size of Ihe feature is 40 f7 .

c) Controloftheflt
The designation of Ihe fit is 40 Half?,

From Ihe calculatien similar 10 B.2, Example 1 fellow s:

minimum clearance 25 IJm

maximum clearance 89 IJm

From the funclio na l requiremenl w as calculaled:

aelual calculaled minimum clearance 24 )Jm

aelual calculaled maximum clearance 92 )Jm

The person who is responsible for Ihe funclion of Ihe maling parts has 10 decide if Ihe devialions from Ihe
original calculated fil can be lole rated or if the exact minimum and maximum clearances have la be observed .

In any case, for the part with the hole , Ihe toleranced dimension "40 HS" will be chosen. For Ihe part with the
shafl, Ihe size 40 , the lolerance class "fl (- 0,025/- 0,050)" or the individual deviations "- 0,024/- 0,053" wil! be
chosen.
BS EN I sa 286-1:2010
ISO 286-1:2010( E)

A nn ex C
(inform ati ve)

Rel ati o ns hi p to th e GPS matri x mod el

C.1 General

For tuil deta ils about Ihe GPS matrix model, see ISO/TR 14638 .

C.2 Info rm ation about this Internat ional Standard and its use

This part of ISO 286 establishes a code. system tor toleranees to be used tor sizes of nom inal integral features
of size . II also defines Ihe basic concepts and the related terminology tor this code system . Furthermore il
defines the basic lerminology tor fits and explains the principles of "bas ic hole" and "basic shaW.

C.3 Positio n in t he GPS mat rix mo del

This part of ISO 286 is a GPS standard and is la be regarded as a general GPS standard (see ISOITR 14638).
II influences chain links 1 and 2 of the chains of standards on size in the genera! GPS matrix, as graphically
illuslraled in Figure C.1.

Global GPS-standards

General GPS-standards
Chaln link number 1 2 3 4 5 6
Size
Distance
Radius
Angle
Form of a IIne Independent of datum
Form of a IIne dependent of datum
Fundamental
Form of a surface independent of datum
GPS
standards Form of a surface dependent of datum
Orientation
 BSEN IS0286-1:2010
ISO 286-1 :2010(E )

CA Related International Standards

The relaled International Standards are those of the chains of standards indicated in Figure C.1.
BS EN I sa 286-1:2010
ISO 286-1:2010( E)

Bi bli og raph y

[1 ) ISO 1:2002, Geomelrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Standard reference temperature for
geometrical product specification and verification

[2J ISO 1101:2004 , Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS ) - Geometrical tolerancing - Toleranees
of farm, orientation , location and run-out

[3) ISO 1302:2002 , Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Ind icalion of surface texture in technica I
product documentation

[4] ISO/R 1938: 1971 , ISO system of limits and fits - Part 11 : Inspection of plain w orkpieces

[5] ISO 2692 :2006 , Geometrical product specifications (GPS ) - Geometrical tolerancing - Maximum
material requirement (MMR), least material requirement (LMR) and reciprocity requirement (RPR)

[6] ISO 2768-1:1989, General tolerances - Part 1: Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions w ithout
individual tolerance indications

[7] ISO 3534-1:2006 , Statistics - Vocabulary and symbols - Part 1: General statistical terms and terms
used in probability

[8] ISO 3534-2:2006 , Statistics - Vocabulary and symbols - Part 2: Applied statistics

[9] ISO 4759-1, Tolerances for fasteners - Part 1: Bolts, screws, studs and nuts - Product grades A , B
and C

[10] ISO 14253-1 :1998, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS)- Inspection by measurement of
w orkpieces and measuring equipment - Part 1: Decision rules for proving conformance or
non-conformance w ith specifications

[11] ISOfTR 14638: 1995, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Masterplan

[12] ISO 17450-1 :-2), Geometrical product specifications (GPS ) - General concepts - Part 1: Model for
geometrica' specification and verification

[1 3] 'SOfTS 17450-2:2002 , Geometrical product specifications (GPS ) - General concepts - Part 2: Basic
tenets, specifications , ope rators and uncertainties
BSEN IS0286-1:2010
ES EN ISO
286-1 :2010
B SI - B ritish Standards In stitu bon
B SI i3 the :independentnational bcdy r:esponsJb.E fDrpreparing B riI:::ish
Standar:ds . It present::3 me u K VEW on standan:ls ID. E urrpe and at the
in t:ematbnal.leveL lUs mOJ.rporated by Royale harter.

Rev:i:óllons

B riti.sh Standards are updated by ani endrn ent o r rev±ü:m . U sers a f B riti.sh
Standar:ds shoul::i make sure tint they p03se.s.s the Jatestam endm ent::3 or
edTI:.bns .

It is the oonstantain afB SI to in prove me quality ofourprcx:iuc.tJ and servb2s .

W e woul:i he grat:efulifanyone find:ing an ina=.J.racy o r am b.i::Ju.ity w hili usmg
th:is B riti.sh Standard woun mJbnn the Secretary ofthe technralo:m m :ittee
responsJb.le, the i:lentity ofw h:id1 can be ibund on the msi:ie front cover. T el:
+44 (l)20 8996 9000 . E"ax : +44 m20 89967400 .
B SIoflEorsm em bers an :ind:bti:iualupdadng .serv:ice ca.rect PLU 5 w hm ensures
that sub.scrjbers autcrn ati::alt' receive the .latested:itbns ofstandards .

B uying standards

o roers Jbr allB SI, :intematbnaland fure.i;Jn standards publicatbns shoul:i be

addressed toCustanerServlces .T el: +44 ~ )20 899 6 900Lt- ax : +44 13)208996
7001 Em ail:orders@bs:group.o:m You m ay am buy directly us:ing a deb:itl::redfr
card trem the BS I Shcp on the WebSTIE htlp://www bs:group.o:m /.lhcp

In Ie.o:ponse te orders Jbr :in tema tbna1 standards, fr is B S I poli::y te suppJy the
B SI in p.Effi entatbn o t those thathave been pubbshed as B ribsh Standards,
unÈss otherw jse r:equestEd. .

IniDrrn ation o n standards

B SIprov:ries a w :rie range of:inJbnn atbn on natbnal. E uropean and

.intematbnalstandards through it.s Library and it.s TechnY:alH eJp tn ExportErs
Serv:i02 . Varrus BS I eÈCb:onr mJbnn allin serv:i02s are am availabÈ w hi±!
gNe details on a ll jts p:rcduct:s and serv:i02s . C ontact InJbnn allin Cenb:e . Tel:
+44 13)2089967111 Fax :+ 44 13)2089967048 Em ail:mJb@bs:group.o:m

SubSCDbmg m em bers of BS I are kep t up tn date w jfu standards develJpm ents

and I:e<ENe substantia1diso::Junts on the purdJ.ase pr:i02 ofstandards . For details
of these and otherbene:Eit:3 contactM em bersh.:ip Adm mistratbn. Tel: +44 (»20
8996 7002 Fax : +44 (»20 8996 7001 Em ail:m em bersh.:ip@bs:group.o:m

Infunn atbn regard:ing on1:ine ao::ESS to B ribsh Standards vla Bribsh Standards
o n1:ine can be fuund ath tlp://www bs:group.o:m ,s SO L

F urther :infunn allin aboutB SI is availabÈ on the B SIw ebSTIE athtlp://

wwwbs' roup.o:m .