Goll Anlin » proabine ‘ Joly cory hee 4 suraucsas fa “To defy the anion an cation present in the given simple sl by performing suitable est Preliminary test for anions and eations:SN Boeriment Inference 1 1. Cour: §) Blue or Blush green i) May be Cat | 4i) Green, i) May be Ne in) Pale green ii) May be Fe | iv) Dark brown iv) May be Fe 1») Pink ») May be Co? vi) Pale pink |) Maybemne | vii) White | vibay be Pomc ‘AD, Zn, Ba, | se, Mg, NH 2 | Smet: || Tabe a pinch of salt between i) Ammoniaeal sme, ) May be NH | || the fingers and rub it with ai) Vinegar lke smel, ii) May be CHCOO- | dro of water 3. | soba May be SONOs, | ‘A pinch of satis shaken well | Soluble ce with water 1 ‘or (NH) 3005 Insotvble | May be CO; SP Excep(NH.):COs 4. | Dry heating test: Plane test: | To « pinch of salt in a watch i) Brick red flame. | iyatay be ca 6. | Caustic sods tert | “Take pinch of satin adry A colourless gas with. test tube, add sodium ammoniscal smell is evolved Inydxie solution and heat|which forms dense white | May be NH gemty. Dip glass rod in. fumes with cone, Hydrochloric one: Hydroshivie acid and| ac Invedue it int be test ube2 Ash tess “Toa pinch ost ina watch pla add few drops of Cable. ruta and make pase, Dip 2 filler pper i this paste and Jnodce 1 int the flame. aiieaton of anion (Acidradica Ditue Hydrochloric ala tes: Toth given salt add yeoehorc ai Ditute Sulphuric acid test: ‘Touhe given salt add dilute ‘Sulphuric sid ‘Cone. Sulphuric acid est To the given saltada i) Green ash ‘i Pinkash, 1 Blue ash | Brisk effervescence de to the volion of a colorless aus which rs le water milky. i) Brisk effervescence due to the evlution ofa coloutess se whic tars lime watee ik. ‘(Colores ten eas smelling gas which turns Lead scat paperback fi) Colouless 235 with suffocating smell which turns Potassium dichromate paper aren |v) Brow coloured ge with pungent smell wich was [arch iodide paper be -) Colourless ga with vinegar Tike smell | Coloutess, pungent smelling | asiscvlved which eves | dence white formes with glass lone Sulphuric ci, Heat if | rod dipped in Ammonium required nydroxide i) Reach brown gas which tums starch pper yellow, 4) May be Za ip May be Mg ‘n) May be AD May be CO 1) May be CO} i) May be ‘iy May be S08 iv) May be NOx -y) May be CHsCO0 |) May be cr May be Br ‘i) Violet vapours are evolved | ii)May bei) Brown fmesaiecvohed_ifitay ve NUr wcoowian pri. puny GOP Thonesene 4. Polassium permanganate Pink colour ofPoussium test permanganate gets May be Chr or othe salt ald fev drops of decolouried |. Ssipharie eid arm an 7 then add fw ops of Potassium permanganate soliton 's._| Manganese dose test:__) Greenish yelow gas is) May be Ct: \ ‘Totes id apich of evolved ol % Manganese dose cone. i) Redish brown vapouris i) Maybe Br. Sulphuric acid and feat. evolved 1 |i) Viet vapour isevoled i Maybe | | & “6. | copper turnings test: | Brown gs evoled and he 2 Tote salt add few Copper? [solution tums blue or reen in| May be NOr S| tumings. cone. Suprise colour. and heat 4 4 7. | Barlum chloride est: _|:)Whit precipitate insoluble in | #) May be SOe ue satsouon aaa | dlsyaroelone sed Bart chloride sion, | 2 {0 Whiepreciptate solble i) May be COs? or indiLtydrchioneacid [PO y ‘8. | Ammonium molybdate test: | Canary yellow preepate is | | Tothessiaddeone, Nirie | fomed | May be poe: cid heat, col and then 38 | ‘Amann molybdate ohn | ie | |_| Ferrie etoride west: Reddich coloured solution that | Presence of CHCOO™ Toiesaltstuion add | give redish brown precipitate : rewralFemeechiorde | boiling solution.v Confirmatory tests for sions: Carbonate: Barium chloride test: To the sl solution a6 Bariunehlovide solution, 2 | oe ccc erie bieterreetael Pen amen es Pee ee ee dé Lead setae tthe solution formed. (i Sitvor nitrate tests To the sat solusion a Silver rite solution. | 3. Beomide: FP Sitversiteate |) Toth sl sluion a Siver sit aio. | 4 Teige: [sir nitrate test: | To these solution ada Sitver ‘site yoaion = Seine | "To th salt solution add equal junction of volume of teshly prepared | Ferrous sulphate solution. Add | ew drops of cone Sulphuric | ‘std along the sides oF he test | tube. Presence of CO 8 contre ‘White precipitate soluble in i ydrochlrie ci ‘Orange yellow vapourof Presence of Chis CChromy/ ehlorid is evolved. confirmed Yellow solution is formed, a ‘Yellow precipitates formed. White precipitate soluble in. Presence of lis ‘Ammonium hyéroxide is confines. famed. Pale yellow precipitate Presence of Bris sparingly soluble in confines. ‘Ammonium hyéroxide is Tormed Yellow precipitate insoluble in Presence of is ‘Ammonium hyéroxideis confirmed. rel Atoown ring is formed.at the Presence of NOx is confirmed, 20 |a Sulphate: Lend acetate te To the salt solution add Lead cts solution, Phosphate (Silver nitrate test: ‘To thesslt solution add Siver tate soliton, Barium eorde test: Torhe salt soluion ada | Barium chloride solution Ester ets | To a smal amount of salt add few drops cone H:SO« and heat, Now adsl hy] aleobol and shake. Pour the [seme ns tater to water ad tic Cation analysis(Basle radia | reparation of Slt solution: Dissolve the sven sal sled water and prepare the salt solution, Group analysis: Group 1 To the sa slution add dilate Hydrochloric aid Group: To the salt soluon 348 ute a Presene of SO." it White previpiate soluble 59 confined. exces of Ammonium seats famed Presence of POS ie Yellow precipiate oluble confirmed, Ammonium hydroxide 1s Hydrochloric. acid and_pass|)Black precipitate drogen sulphide gas. Group 3: To the salt saluton dd Ammonium chloride Solution and Ammonium hydroxide solution. Group 4: To the salt solution ‘dd Ammoniom chloride salto, Ammonia hydroxide solution and pass Hydrogen sulphide gas formed Presence of POD is White precipitate soluble in confirmed, dilute Hydrechoric acid is formed. Presenee of CH:COO Pleasant uty smell ofeser confirmed ‘White precipitate soluble a |pMay be PO hot water formed. May be Cu ‘NGelatinous white precipi. [May be AB | pRedaish brown precipitate |ipatay be Fe* | bbiny white peccpiate. |p May be Zam ‘pBulfeolowred precipi, [yay be Mae ‘Black precipita May beNi*erCo%Group: To the salt solution add Ammonium hydroxide solution and Ammonium carbonate sluion, Group 6: ‘To the salt solution add Ammonium chloride soltion, Ammonium hydroxide solution and Ammonium hydrogen phosphate solution Since all the above calons fare absent the given ction tut be Ammoniom(Zer sroxp) Confirmatory tess for eins: | Lena: (Potassium chromate test: “To te sl soution a8 Potssam chromt solution. i Potassium iodide test: "To the sl soon ad Potassium odie solution. copper: (@ Potassium ferrocyanide "To the salt solution add Potassium ferrocyanide| solution. White preciitaleisfonned. May be Ba? Sr ce White precise formed May be Mg ‘Presence of POM is 4) Yellow precipitates ) Yellow presiitateis formed, Pree fi Yellow preciitat is fo sypresence of Pb is | which dissolves in hot wer Dersenes oP fod on cooling reappears 38 golden spangles. confirmed ‘Clune won prospec | Presence of Cu io is formed ‘contin.i) Ammoniae hydroside To thes solution ada Ammoniui hydroxide selon, ‘Abunin () Sodium hydroxide ws: To the st slut add Sedna ak int Rs | i) Blac test Tose sl solution ad few ops of blue litmus solsion followed by fow drops cf ‘Ammonium hyeroxide solution, Ferrie: (@) Potassiam ferroeyanide To the sl slution 244 Potasiam feroryanide solution “G0 Potassium thioeyande ‘To the st colon ad Post hiocyanide saluton, (uy Potasiees permanganate test: To he sal solution add Potassiom permanganate ‘ston Zine: (Sodium hydroxide test: To the salt solution ada Sedium byoxidesluton (i Potassium frrocynide | othe sation ad Patstiom ferocyanide elton {Blue precipitates formed Ivhich doles in excess of ‘Ammonium hydroxide to give a deep bie solton ‘AWhite precipi slab ia exces of Sodium hydroxide salon is forme "leak ome wich feats ona cles soon, ‘Deep blue colouration ie bind, {Blood redenlouris obtained, ‘i9Pink color of Passi enmanganse solution i ot decolouree, ‘)White precipi i formed, {White or bush white | precipitates formed Supht ke conn spPressce of Cu" confirmed. ‘Presence oF AD is confined, ppresene of ADs confirmed, DPreeence of Fos confirmed, ippresence of Fo is confirmed, ‘ipPresence of Fis confined ‘Presence of Zi confirmed, ipPresence of 20 is | confined.6 Manganese Fink coloured stuion is Pressace af Mn at Sodium bismuthate test. fore confirmed ‘To the st solution add ue Nitric aeidand Sodium 7. Nickel Dimethyl gyloxime esi(0MG): Roy red precipitate i To desaltsoluionadd DMG formed. and few dropsof Ammonia hydroxide solution. Presence of Ni" contimed, f |Cobae Presence of CO™ is ‘Ammoniumthioyanie est: Du colouration i case Tothesatsoluionadd stained. 7 Amorim ioeynie solution j 9. Bara ae Potassium chromate test Proence of Ba is Toikestolionsad MesoWest is conten Potassium chromate olaion, ME 10, Strontium: ‘Ammonium sulphate est : Ammonium sulphate peipieis ened, Presence of Set Armrest sun coined. ta warm 1. catium: Ammon oxalate tet sprite ig omen, een of COE To the salt solution add White prcipiate is formed. | ee ed ‘Aramoniam oxalate solution tnd few drops of Ammeniam ydeoxide slusion, 12, Magnesiam: Mageson regent test: To the alt soition 98 “Magneson reagent and Sodium hydeone souton, Presence of Mg is Blue precinitate is formed, ad confirmed,13 Ammonia: G@ Nesters reagent tet To thesaltsoluion add few s)Reddsh brown peciptate drops of Nesser'sreagent i formed followed by drops of Sodium hydeoxide solution, (4 Soatum bydeoxide test: To hesaltsoluion add few i)Colures, pungent drops of Sodium hydroxide smelling gas which gives Soliton and hes dense white ames witha as 0d dipped in cone evolved (@)Theanion presentin the given salt is — (3) Thecation present in the given salt is Gi) Thegiven satis Presence of NHe is otros ippreseace of NHeis confined,