Archaeology in Greece 1962-1963

Archaeology in Greece, 1962-63
Author(s): A. H. S. Megaw
Source: Archaeological Reports, No. 9 (1962 - 1963), pp. 3-33
Published by: Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies
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ARCHAEOLOGY IN GREECE, 1962-63
It was another active year in many parts of Greece. source of further particulars and especially of informa-
Accidental discoveries and the following up of un- tion about minor excavations and discoveries, many
authorised excavations have again preoccupied the of which are otherwise unpublished. A few significant
staff of the Greek Archaeological Service to a con- items have been cited on the following pages from
siderable extent. As a consequence of this pre- Volume 16 despite the fact that they do not relate
occupation and of new procedures for reporting to the report year.
instituted by the Service, no official accounts of a In the same volume, an introductory statement from
number of recent excavations and discoveries have the central administration explains the circumstances
reached the writer; for these, press reports, including which led to the transfer of the Antiquities and
those of Kathimerini's indefatigable correspondent, Restoration Departments from the Ministry of Educa-
M. Paraskevaides, have been the only available tion to the Cabinet Office; it outlines the new organ-
source. C. Karouzos, Mrs A. Kaloyeropoulou, re- isation under the late I. Papadimitriou as Director-
spectively Director and Epimeletria of the Publications General, whose premature death on the I th April,
Office of the Service, have greatly assisted by the 1963 was a great loss both to the Service and to
loan of photographs and by making available proofs Archaeology, and gives details of the impressive
of the forthcoming volume of the 'ApXatoAoyltKdv resources now available from public funds for archaeo-
Ad-iov (ADelt). I am indebted also to the Heads of the logical purposes. As a result of these improved
Foreign Schools, who have supplied accounts and circumstances the staff of ephors and epimeletes has
photographs of their excavations, and to the many been increased by 17 since i96o0; ten more are to be
individuals named who, directly or indirectly, have appointed in the next three years and provision has
contributed. The "Epyovof the Archaeological Society been made for the present staff of 58 archaeologists
for 1962, published with exemplary promptness by to be increased ultimately to 95. With these rein-
A. Orlandos, has provided information regarding the forcements the Service is facing the impact of the
numerous excavations financed by the Society, here rapid development of tourism and the problems, to
identified by the letters A.S. after the name of the some extent connected, of illicit excavation and
excavator. Use has also been made of the latest trafficking in antiquities.
Chroniquepublished by G. Daux (BCH 86, 629-974).
For fuller information on prehistoric discoveries in ATHENS
recent years in the Aegean area than can be given in National Museum. Five additional rooms were
these reports, the reader is referred to the conspectus opened in the spring of 1962. One is devoted to
by F. Schachermeyer covering the years 1957-60 fourth-century vases, including groups from the
(AA 1962, 105-382). Cabeirion and from the recent excavations of K.
Accounts of British excavations appear this year in Rhomaios near Vourvoura (Iasos, see Arch. Reports
the body of the report, notably those of the British for 1961-62, 9). The first of the new rooms in the
School at Palaiokastro in Crete and those of Lord sculpture gallery contains fifth-century votive reliefs
William Taylour in collaboration with I. Papadimi- and architectural sculpture from the Argive Heraeum
triou at Mycenae. An account of the Cambridge and the Rhamnous sanctuary. Two more have grave
University survey carried out in parts of Epirus and reliefs and marble lekythoi of the late fifth and early
Macedonia by E. S. Higgs, which scored a notable fourth century and in a fourth are ancient copies of
success in the discovery of Palaeolithic remains, is lost works of the classical period. Finally, grave
included in the 'Epirus and the Ionian Islands' reliefs of the Hellenistic and Roman periods, many of
Section. them from Rhenea, have been displayed together with
The revival of 'ApXatotoytLK'rJEATov,
A the periodical sarcophagi and the worn sculptures recovered from
of the Greek Archaeological Service, the last volume the Antikythera wreck, in porticoes constructed round
of which appeared in 1938, is doubly welcome through the garden court.
the inclusion, apart from articles of substance, of a The most important of the splendid Proto-Attic
XpoVtKd section
in which excavations, discoveries vases from near Vari, made up from fragments
and other activities of the Service throughout the acquired for the Museum in 1935 and others found in
country are reported. That in Volume 16, which subsequent excavations, have now been published by
appeared in 1962 (Vol. 17 (1961-62) is in the press), Mrs Papaspyridi-Karouzou 'Avayvpoilvxog,
runs to 277 pages and is accompanied by 238 plates. Athens, Archaeological Society,('Ayy7da Tvoi
1963).
It reports on the work of the year i960 in detail, but Mrs Varoucha-Christodoulopoulou has published a
includes shorter accounts covering the preceding selection of rarities in the Empedocles collection of
years. The work of the Foreign Archaeological coins (ADelt 16, Xp. 8 and pls. 2-3) and coin acquisi-
Schools is also summarized. Much of all this con- tions of the National Museum during 1961 in BCH
cerns discoveries recorded briefly in previous issues of 86 (417-429 and pls. 9-12; also in ADelt 17, forth-
Arch. Reports, but the iAdlRiov is now an invaluable coming).
4 A. H. S. MEGAW
Byzantine Museum. Threats to remove the building the terraces in the area of the Hekatompedon and the
bodily to an adjacent site, to make way for the Erechtheum, where the Mycenean Palace is to be
development of a cultural centre in the area, seem to located, are assigned to early Myc. III B and thus
have abated. The collection of Early Christian and post-date the first fortifications of Mycenae. The wall
Byzantine marbles from sites such as the Library of followed in late III B together with the Pelargikon,
Hadrian has continued and has included some from which lakovides reduces to a small outwork enclosing
the Agora, which Alison Frantz observed joined the Cave of Pan (Fig. 2). The systematic building
fragmentary panels already in the Museum, and the of houses began only in III C, and the Acropolis
lintel found during works in Fetiye Jami (Fig. I). continued to be inhabited until Protogeometric times.
FIG. I
The Director, E. Chatzidakis, and his staff are much BoulevardofDionysius theAreopagite. The excavation
occupied with arrangements for the Exhibition of on the Angelopoulos and Zacharatos properties
Byzantine Art which is due to open in Athens on Ist carried out by G. Dondas in 1961 (Arch. Reportsfor
April, 1964, under the auspices of the Council of 196o-61, 4 and fig. 2) have been published by him in
Europe. ADelt 17 (83 f.). Among the finds of the Roman
Acropolis. The results of his study of the Acropolis period from the former is a curious marble silen in
in the Mycenean period have been published by Scythian dress, evidently reproducing a Hellenistic
S. Iakovides ('H MVKYvatK'? 'AKpdZlo'tgxC v 'AOrjvC&v,model (Fig. 3).
Athens, 1963). The earliest substantial structures, Agora. North of the railway, building operations
120
166
15
12210
~~ 7 156,16PIZ
~i13
Hi il ~~ I ~ ~ ...
o !t 14 pBn i!r t
?rrs
120--~~-
1105
0 10 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
FIG. 2
ARCHAEOLOGY IN GREECE 5
in Hadrian Street early in 1962 produced a stele Kerameikos. F. Willemsen for the German Institute
which, according to its inscription, was set up in the resumed exploration of the graves on the section of
Stoa of the Herms: the first epigraphic reference to the Sacred Way adjoining the church of Agia Trias,
this monument, which locates it in the north-west where following the excavations the area was restored
corner of the Agora to the west of the presumed site to the state in which it was seen in the fourth century
of the Painted Stoa. This and other recent discoveries (Fig. 4). The most important of the vases
B.c.
in the area are covered in the second edition of The found were not in situ in the graves; they include a
Athenian Agora: A Guide to the Excavations and Museum, black-figure hydria attributed to Lydos and new red-
a substantial volume of 230 pages published by the figure fragments of the vase by the Meidias Painter
American School of Classical Studies in I962. (ARV 832, 2) showing Helen and her sisters.
Volume IX of the final publication, Islamic Coins by Willemsen also examined the blocks re-used in the
G. C. Miles, has also appeared. foundations of the south tower of the Dipylon gate,
Themistoclean Wall. The discoveries made in 1959 with the result that this tower also proves to be of
in the block enclosed by Metropolis, Voula, Apollo
and Penteli Streets, including a section of the
Themistoclean wall (Arch. Reportsfor i959-60, 5), are
the subject of a report by the late I. Threpsiades
(ADelt i6, Xp. 22-27). A section of the ditch outside
the outer wall is identified as the Pool of Athena,
which would locate the Diochares Gate in this area.
Another report by Threpsiades describes a house of
the Classical period found in 1959 close within the
northern section of the wall at 6 Aristeides Street.
The part excavated includes what appears to be the
dining room, with positions for seven couches marked
by channels in the pebble floor, opening onto a peri-
style court (ibid. 29-32). A shorter report by Threp-
siades (ibid. 27-29) covers the Classical and Roman
graves found the same year in the cemetery outside the
walls, to the north-east, during the construction of
conduits in University Street. These yielded small
black- and red-figure vases. Other finds include a
battered marble head of a late-sixth-century herm.
The classical graves with many white lekythoi found
on the site near Constitution Square now occupied by
the Stoa Pavlou Kalliga have been fully published
by S. Charitonides (AE 1958 (196i), 1-152 and
pls. 1-26).
Olympieion. The exploration of the area to the
south of the peribolos, in an angle of the late city wall
between it and the bed of the Ilissos (Arch. Reportsfor
I961-62, 4; plan in BCH 86, 641, fig. 16), was con-
cluded by I. Threpsiades and I. Travlos in March
1962. A preliminary report (in ADelt I7, forthcom-
ing) suggests that an early destruction of the Doric
temple (Delphinian Apollo?) for use of the material
in the fortification of the city is indicated by the lack FIG. 3
of architectural members in its neighbourhood,
though some unfinished capitals and drums were Themistoclean date. These include two bases with
found near by. The foundation of a small circular reliefs which probably carried grave stelai. One of
structure was found near its north-east angle, and to mid-sixth-century style is carved on the front face
the east of the smaller temple-foundation excavated only: four horsemen riding to the left. The other
by Skias, datable to the late second century A.D., a had an athletic relief on the front (Fig. 5): a ball
large altar-foundation was uncovered. No trace of game with close affinities to that on the well-known
the Themistoclean wall was found in this area. The base in the National Museum, but in a freer style
section of the city wall which has been found is of ca. 510 B.c. The sides have a lion and a boar
identified as part of that constructed under Valerian confronted on the right and two horsemen on the
(A.D. 253-260) which enclosed for the first time the left. Four other bases have interesting inscriptions.
Hadrianic extension of the city; it abuts the south One naming an Olympionikes may relate to one of
peribolus wall of the Olympieion near its east end. the Alkmaionidai, another is from the monument of
The area was intensively occupied in the tenth to Anaxilaos from Naxos.
twelfth century A.D., of which period an oil-press and Plato's Academy. In the mud-brick 'Sacred House'
a dye-works or tannery were found. of the Geometric period, F. Stravropoulos (A.S.)
6 A. H. S. MEGAW
FIG. 4
cleared up the damage done by the storm in November heads, the couch-form lid of a third-century A.D.
I96I, observing in the process the size of brick used sarcophagus with two reclining, headless figures,
- i m.) and establishing that the
(o -45 x 0 45 x and fragments of an Amazonomachy, probably from
area had been usedo-I for ritual purposes even before its sides. An area to the south of the Church of St
the erection of the house. Tests beneath it revealed George was also examined. Here an unknown
an Early Helladic level. In the neighbourhood section of the road from the Dipylon to the Academy
Stavropoulos followed up various chance discoveries, was found, with tombs on either side.
notably in the Veneta earth-pit some 300oo m. to the
west, where wells (one of the fourth century B.C.), ATTICA
scattered tombs (Classical to Roman) and an archaic Kaisariane. P. Lazarides has suggested (ADelt 16,
deposit with good black-figure pottery were found. Xp. 66), following the excavation of the remains of a
Sculpture from this site includes two Roman portrait basilica round the ruined church of St Mark, that
Eleusis. Up-to-date plans showing the state of the
Sanctuary and its surroundings in various periods
illustrate an account by I. Travlos of the results of his
excavations from 1950-60 (ADelt 16, Xp. 43-60).
This includes a description and plan of the remains of
the Hellenistic fort and Frankish tower which stood
on the hill to the west of the Acropolis, above a cave
sanctuary of Pan. All these were lost in the quarry-
ing operations of the adjoining cement works ten
years ago. Part of the accumulation in what appears
to have been a subsidiary cave used as a repository
for votives was excavated by Travlos; it contained
terracotta figurines of Pan, red-figure loutrophoroi
and other vases, the earliest dating from the first half
of the fifth century. Within the Sanctuary, Travlos
identifies the so-called Temple F that adjoined the
Telesterion on the north with the Treasury repaired
in 329-8 B.c., according to IG ii2, 1672. Re-
examination of the sculptures-copies (in part at
least) from the west pediment of the Parthenon, at
one-third original size-confirmed that they fit the
architectural members surviving from a reconstruction
of this building in the second century A.D. But
Travlos, in a restoration of the Treasury pediment,
follows Mayer's suggestion that the central subject
of the composition was the Rape of Persephone
5
FIGro. (Fig. 7)-
the Early Byzantine architectural members existing

in the monastery come from this basilica which is to
be regarded as its predecessor. This lends support to
the view that earlier structures found under the
monastery church are not Christian and could belong
to the Sanctuary of Aphrodite that adjoined the
Kyllou Pera Spring.
Kiphissia. A photograph is now available of the
portrait bust of Herodes Atticus (Fig. 6) found in 1961
(Arch, Reportsfor ig6o-6i, 5), which seems to confirm
the location of his famous villa in the neighbourhood
of the Church of Panagia tis Xidou. That of
Polydeukion is published in BCH 86 (p. 683, fig. 2)
and an account of the whole find in ADelt 17 (forth-
coming).
Daphni. Following the restoration of the outer
narthex of the Byzantine church, a detailed study of
its complex structural history has been published by
E. Stikas (AdEr. XpurT. ?ETatpEiu,F' (1962), 1-43).
He includes measurements'Ap.. and photographs of the
Ionic columns and capitals incorporated in this
eleventh-century portico, three of which Lord Elgin
had removed when the building was in a ruinous
condition and presented to the British Museum.
Extensive excavations to the west and south of the
Church by E. Chatzidakis, have revealed remains of
substantial Byzantine and Frankish monastic build-
ings, including the hypocaust of a bath (ADelt I6,
Xp. 68). Among earlier material found was a dedica-
tion to Hermes.
The Dema. The fifth-century house by the Dema
wall excavated in I960 (Arch. Reportsfor 1960-61, 33-
34) has been published by J. E. Jones, L. H. Sackett
and A. J. Graham (BSA 57, 75-114).0 FIG. 6
8 A. H. S. MEGAW
A A b c D E F PQ9 sT uU o I
r : : •? IIZ .,, 3.•

IIM 60
FIG. 7
In 1962, Travlos, assisted by M. Anagnostopoulos exposed by levelling operations. It contained three

(A.S.), resumed work on the building of the Roman superimposed skeletons, the lowest of which had a
period, possibly a priest's house, inside the Athens bronze pin near the chest and wore a bronze finger-
gate H17at) in the north sector of the ring with a cross on the bezel.
("A•Uv6e
Sanctuary wall. Constructed round an elongated Perati (Porto Rafti). Continuing his excavations in
court on the remains of an earlier structure in the the late Mycenaean cemetery S. Iakovides (A.S.)
first century A.D., the house appears to have been dug a group of twelve intact, but collapsed chamber-
cleared out and abandoned in the third. Further tombs on the westward slopes. The pottery was
west, a new stretch of the Peisistratid wall of the again limited to Myc. III C types. In one of the
Sanctuary was traced, with an oblique postern gate tombs (No. 142) was found a lentoid agate sealstone
adjoining a square tower, at the point where the wall
turned southward, up the slope, evidently to join
the acropolis wall.
Vari. Miss A. Andriomenou has published (in
ADelt I7, forthcoming) a short account of the tombs
excavated by her in 1961 in the property of Ch.
Anastasiou, following the discovery of a marble
loutrophoros and its rectangular base (BCH 86, 663,
fig. 14). A mid-sixth-century oenochoe was found
in tomb XIX and groups of black-figure lekythoi of
the first decade of the fifth century in tombs X and
XXI.
Varkiza. The collapse of the roof of a LH III
chamber tomb at the locality 'Kamini' led to the
excavation of this and another tomb and six graves
(ADelt 16, Xp. 39 and pl. 35 a-b). I. Kondis and B.
Petrakos report that one of the chamber-tombs had
been used as an ossuary and contained 54 vases, a
dagger, a knife and a sword of bronze, steatite
spindle-whorl beads and a bone pin. The other
chamber-tomb and the graves produced similar small
objects, a few vases each and three idols. The
pottery includes kylikes, bowls and jugs of character-
istic Myc. III A types.
Anavyssos. From a fifth-century burial in a built
sarcophagus accidentally discovered in 1961, close to
the shore, were recovered four black-figure and five
well-preserved white-ground lekythoi. In a brief
report I. Kondis and B. Petrakos attribute one of the
latter to the Achilles painter (ADelt 16, Xp. 39 and
pl. 36a). Of that here illustrated (Fig. 8) the other
side is reproduced in AJA 1961, pl. 98, 3.
At 'Dasomenos Lofos' P. Astram, Director of the
Swedish Institute, and the Epimeletria A. Andreio-
menou excavated an Early Christian cist grave FIG. 8
engraved with two deer and a fine haematite cylinder of the prehistoric acropolis was examined by I.
seal of Syro-Egyptian type, both of fine quality and Sakellaraki. Despite the scant covering of earth in
well-preserved. this area, traces of occupation in the Middle Helladic
Porto Rafti. E. Vanderpool has concluded from the and Mycenean periods were found.
American School excavations on the Koroni peninsula Rhamnous. Works on the temple site (in I960) are
(Arch. Reportsfor 1960-6z, 6-7) that the fort was built reported by I. Kondis and B. Petrakos (ADelt I6,
by Patroklos during the Chremonidean War (265- Xp. 36-39). They included the removal of excava-
261 B.C.) and occupied only for a short time (Hesperia tion dumps, and the clearance of a cistern and a well.
xxxi (1962), 26-61). The consistent character of the The assembly of architectural members from these
pottery found seemed to justify this conclusion, pro- and other sources has yielded impressive results:
viding a useful fixed point for the study of Hellenistic against 12 drums from the Temple of Nemesis
pottery. A contrary view that the fort was sporadic- previously visible there are now 39 complete and
ally occupied and that the pottery found should be fragments of 28 more. Fragments from the sculptured
used with circumspection in dating Attic Hellenistic base of the cult statue of Nemesis by Agorakritos were
pottery is put forward by R. Edwards (Hesperia xxxii also recovered. An inscription referring to events of
(1963) Io9-I ii). He judges that the shape develop- the Chremonidean War is of special topographical
ment between the earliest and latest specimens in interest since it mentions various buildings sited in
certain classes of pottery found imply activity at the the neighbourhood of the Rhamnous fortress.
fort already in the fourth century as well as after the Amphiareion. In the theatre E. Stikas (A.S.) has
Chremonidean War. completed the restoration of the Hellenistic proskenion.
Brauron. Continuing his fruitful excavation of the
Sanctuary of Artemis, the Director-General of
CORINTHIA
Antiquities, the late I. Papadimitriou (A.S.), con-
centrated on two areas, respectively west and east of Perachora. The publication by students of the
the H-shaped Stoa (Arch. Reportsfor i961-62, 6 fig. 3). British School in Perachora ii (Oxford, 1962) of the
Through the former ran the stream that issued at the pottery, ivories, gems and other small objects from
north-west corner of the temple and was spanned by the Temenos of Hera Limenia, which were not
the fifth-century bridge discovered early in 1962. included in the first volume, completes the present-
Two rough retaining walls were found, constructed ation of the two archaic sanctuaries excavated by
for the most part with blocks from the archaic temple. Payne in 1930-33. There remain for treatment the
From the mud in this section more archaic votives buildings of the fourth and later centuries in the
were recovered: bronze mirrors, wooden objects, central part of the site by the harbour, and the remains
figurines and sealstones. of fortifications, cisterns and houses in outlying areas.
In the east area, the remains of the archaic building It is planned to publish these in a series of articles in
previously found were further examined. It had BSA, on which work has started.
been partly destroyed by the construction of the east Isthmus of Corinth. The lengths of the Diolkos, the
wing of the fifth-century Stoa, and may itself have ancient ship-way, which had been exposed at the
been an earlier Stoa. In the area of this earlier west end (Arch. Reportsfor 196o-61, 7) were further
building also, the black soil was rich in votives of investigated by N. Verdelis (A.S.). The discovery of
fifth-century date, including jewellery, figurines, the re-used material in the paving, including a poros
upper half of a wooden statuette of a woman wearing Doric capital of the first half of the fifth century is
a peplos, vases of alabaster and wooden vessels. indicative of repairs, possibly to be connected with
Among the sculpture fragments found were several the intensive use of the ship-way during the Pelo-
from a large cylindrical marble altar of the early ponnesian War. Spoil from the modern canal
fifth century with a relief-frieze including figures of impeded the further uncovering of the ship-way
Dionysus and Leto, identified by inscriptions, and a eastwards and trenching failed to determine its course,
second fragment of a later fifth-century relief of or locate the terminal on the Saronic Gulf.
Artemis and votaries, part of which was found in The 'Hexamilion'. D. Pallas has studied a section
1961 (BCH 86, 674, fig. 6). Of particular interest of the Byzantine wall across the isthmus, which was
for the cult are fragments from black-figure kanthar- exposed (and in part destroyed) during the widening
iskoi of a type common at Brauron and presumed to of the main road to Corinth at kilometre point 81
have been made for the Sanctuary. These fragments (ADelt 17, forthcoming). Although three building
show processions of 'Bear' priestesses wearing short styles are employed in this section he assigns them all
chitons approaching an altar or engaged in a ritual either to the original construction under Justinian
dance. (started, he suggests, after the invasion of the Huns
The partial restoration of the colonnade of the ca. A.D. 540, but interrupted and later completed with
Stoa itself continued. The entablature blocks have a poorer quality of construction), or to repairs not
now been reinstated at both angles and parts of all later than the early seventh century. The repair of
eleven columns of the north colonnade re-erected. the wall and its 153 towers in A.D. I41I5 is presumed
Epigraphic evidence has been found of the erection to have been confined to the upper sections, which no
of the Stoa about the year 416 B.C. longer exist.
Before work started on the local Museum now Isthmia. Further excavations were carried out by
under construction, the site selected on the east slope O. Broneer for the American School at the theatre,
IO A. H. S. MEGAW
the Later Stadium, and the building known as the base moulding and coping, of which many fragments
West Foundation. Investigations beneath the late were found all along its course. No architectural
orchestra floor of the theatre revealed evidence for members were recovered from the structure carried
its original construction before the middle of the by the broad inner foundation, which had no north
fourth century B.C., when both orchestra and cavea wall and enclosed an area covered with rough field
were rectilinear in form, and for reconstruction of the stones to a depth of over I m. Several iron strigils,
theatre in more fully developed form towards the end spear points and spear-butts, found with small
of the century. From that reconstruction are quantities of pottery among this rubble, indicate that
preserved the entire proskenion sill and part of the the structure belongs to the middle of the fourth
skene. century B.C. In front of it was found an ancient road,
In the Later Stadium, partly explored in 1961, probably that which led from Corinth to the Isthmian
pits were dug among the trees in a citrus orchard sanctuary. The suggestion is made that the broad
that covers half the building, to a depth of 6 foundation may have carried a large exedra or
grandstand from which important visitors could view
the procession from Corinth to the Isthmian games as
it came into view of the sanctuary.
Corinth. The American School of Classical Studies
led by H. Robinson was preoccupied with a series of
chance discoveries which made it impossible to pursue
excavation of the new area south of the South Stoa.
Construction of a great irrigation ditch to bring water
from the Asopos to the Vocha plain below the ancient
site exposed burials and structural remains at many
points. One of several tombs of the Roman period
found north of the city wall and east of the 'Tile
Works' produced an excellent green-glazed lamp of
the early first century A.D. (Fig. 9). East of the
Roman Villa excavated in 1925 two late Roman
constructions cut by the ditch appear to have belonged
to a farm establishment: a wine press and what may
have been the collection tank for an olive press. In
the course of the same irrigation ditch, about Ioo m.
east of Cheliotomylos Hill, was exposed a Roman
tomb with painted decoration. Its vestibule and
rear chamber were connected by a narrow passage
cut through the floor of the middle chamber, which
was at a level about I 0oo m. higher. The side walls
of this passage were decorated with paintings executed
in a free style with figures of fishermen hauling in nets,
carrying staves over their shoulders, standing in small
boats, or throwing what appear to be boomerangs.
The style of these paintings resembles closely that of
FIG.9 the columbarium of the Villa Pamphili in Rome,
generally dated in the Augustan period. Most of the
to 7 m. at the curved end. By means of tunnels the rest of the tomb was also painted, but without figure
two ends of the finishing line were located, giving the representations.
exact length of the race-course as 181 - 15 m. Part of Near the Roman Villa excavated in 1925, and close
a proedria with stone seats was exposed some 30 m. to the Kokkinovrysi Spring, a chance find brought to
from the finishing line. At the sphendonethere were light numerous fragments of terra-cotta figurines
benches of stone, with seat and back carved out of the representing women dancing in a circle around a
same block. A diazoma, bordered by stone parapets musician who is playing on the double flute, just
was also found and close to it, on the axis, a reservoir to the north of the ancient road which led from
from which water would have been drawn for the Corinth to Sikyon. Excavation exposed the surface
basins lining the track (Arch. Reportsfor 1961-62, 8, of this road, in use as early as the sixth century B.c.
fig. 6). and, adjacent to it on the north, a limestone stela,
The H-shaped foundation investigated in 196I, the upper part broken away, but preserved in situ
about I km. west of the Sanctuary of Poseidon, has to a height of o 75 above its base. It appears that
now been completely cleared. The main foundation this stela was used by travellers as a place of offering
runs east-west for a length of m. and from its when they left the city on their way westward. A
extremities two more foundations25"75
of the same width cubical block of stone, hollowed out in the interior,
extend northward for a distance of ca. 15 m. A short set between the stela and the gravelled road appears
distance outside it, a second but narrower H-shaped to have served as a OBravp6ad for offerings of money,
foundation supported a parapet of poros with carved but there was no sanctuary in the proper sense. From
ARCHAEOLOGY IN GREECE ii
the same area comes a considerable fragment of a century level, the only example of this form of late
proxeny decree of the Hellenistic period inscribed in Roman glass yet reported from Greece. Only a few
the Elian dialect. traces of wall foundations of the fifth and fourth
Some 500 m. west of the Odeion, in the district centuries B.C. were found and one well of the Early
called 'Anaploga', ploughing brought to light a Corinthian period which yielded a great quantity of
colossal marble head, possibly of Athena, of Roman pottery. To the north of the house with the mosaic
workmanship, and preserving inset eyelashes of floor was an industrial establishment of the fourth
bronze. A search for the structure with which this century B.C., probably a cleaning and dyeing works
comparable to those excavated at Isthmia. Further
north still was located a cemetery which had been in
use from the sixth century B.C. until late Roman times,
where all of the burials had been disturbed. In the
floor of one late-Roman brick-built, vaulted grave
(almost certainly designed for a Christian burial) was
found the opening into a well shaft which contained
a fill primarily of the fourth and third centuries B.C.,
including fragments of a bronze oinochoe, on the
handle of which was inscribed TETPAKAIAEKAf2TA-
ION, a container of 14 (kyathoi), and inside the lip
'Aavroi5
E [].
E
In the Sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone on the
slopes of Acrocorinth further excavation again pro-
duced quantities of terra-cotta figurines and votive
pottery. It is apparent that the sanctuary extends
over a much greater area than that exposed so far.
Fragments of architectural terra-cottas belonging to
buildings both of the archaic and of the Roman periods
were also recovered and, among smaller finds a
votive bull of bronze with the inscription IAPOX
incised upon the neck.
Robinson also reports a chance find at Kenchreai,
brought to light when army bulldozers were levelling
FIG. 10o the area of an ancient cemetery: a remarkable
green-glazed beaker ('modiolus') of the Augustan
head had been associated yielded three architectural
fragments of excellent style of the first century A.D.:
part of a Corinthian pilaster capital and two fragments
of epistyle-frieze bearing portions of a Latin inscrip-
tion. None of the buildings excavated in this area
has the monumental character appropriate for the
marble head and these architectural fragments, except
possibly a building which, while of modest size,
contained one very imposing room. The structure
was entered from a road parallel to its north wall and
contained a small atrium and a larger room measuring ti
approximately 5-00 m. by 900oo m. This room was
decorated with a superb but damaged mosaic floor, -5, )?)("ii
which should be assigned to the early part of the first
century A.D. The mosaic comprised three rectangular ct
panels set within elaborate meander and rinceaux il~z~
borders and representing birds plucking at fruit
~5 ;F:
lying on the ground or in baskets. The tesserae are ff o ~O
small and the range of colour is augmented by the use

FIG. II
of many cubes of dark blue, turquoise, yellow and
orange glass. The size of this room (suitable for a
dining room with couches along the walls) and its period. This example is noteworthy in that the
elaborate ornamentation suggest that the building common barbotine ornamentation is combined with
was of a semi-civic character, possibly a merchants' applique'decoration, which in many instances stands
club like some found at Delos. out in the round, separated from the body of the
In this 'Anaploga' area most of the buildings vessel (Fig. zo).
found were constructed in the third century A.D., E. Stikas (A.S.) completed the excavation of the
and destroyed in the fourth. Among the associated three-aisle Cemetery Basilica discovered in 1961, to
finds were fragments of a vas diatretum from a fourth the north of the modern cemetery of Old Corinth.
12 A. H. S. MEGAW
HOUSE 2404
SOUTH
.241F39 .66
. ".239-16
24040
S 24003 2412 24219
O
240-3 9-
F
2o O
M.. .
Z 5395 K4~123
23909'J
**.*
hcOROOMt
240-77
CITADEL HOUSE
METERS - 1118 MUD BRICK AND
PISt WALLS
O 2C 3 6 7 1 WALLS
4 S iC
LINE OF HELLENISTIC
-. - WALLS
FIG. 12
ARCHAEOLOGY IN GREECE '3
A section of door architrave found in a tomb near the Citadel House. Excavation of the remains adjoining
Diakonikon and bearing the inscription ["Ayt]E the south-west sector of the Acropolis wall was
- resumed in 1962 under the joint direction of the late
Ko6padrEpUvcrO[tt]t7L 6ot6ov Co[ - - -] identifies the
church as that erected in honour of Codratus, the Dr. I. Papadimitriou and Lord William Taylour.
Corinthian saint who was martyred under Valerian They had previously taken up the work of the British
in A.D. 258. It doubtless stands over his tomb. School in this area, started by the late A. J. B. Wace
Capitals of late fifth-century type indicate the date in 1954 and incomplete at the time of his death
of its erection, while the coin finds and the presence (see Arch. Reportsfor 1960-61, 30-32).
of Middle Byzantine marbles suggest that the church Hellenistic constructions were again encountered.
was in use until the twelfth century. Graves were One bothrosdug into the Mycenaean strata yielded a
found both in the church and outside it, including a quantity of Hellenistic miniature pots and lamps in
group of seven in a chapel some distance to the south three successive layers, possibly deposits of a votive
of the sanctuary. Among other finds were many character. From another part of the site were
lamps and fragments of epitaphs. recovered two silver and a number of bronze coins,
Lechaion. An account by D. Pallas of his excavation mostly of the Argos mint and datable to the third and
of the great fifth-century basilica in 1956-6I (see second centuries B.C.
Arch. Reportsfor i96I-62, 8) describes also some houses The layout of the underlying Mycenaean buildings,
in the neighbourhood dating both before and after which perished in a major catastrophe datable by the
the destruction of the church in the earthquakes of pottery to a late, but not the lastest, phase of Myc.
A.D. 551 (in ADelt 17, forthcoming). Study of the III B, has been clarified (see Plan, Fig. a1). The
strata underlying both the houses and the basilica fire associated with this catastrophe was also instru-
has produced interesting evidence of large-scale mental in preserving the mud-brick walls, by baking
harbour improvements dating probably from the them in the intense heat. The excavations in 1960
Roman period. had uncovered a wide corridor or gallery (Room 4),
Sikyon. A. Orlandos has undertaken new excava- of which the west wall of mud-brick had been framed
tions at the basilica with D. Pallas in charge. with timber (Fig. 13, foreground). Other types of
PELOPONNESE
Mycenae: Acropolis. G. Mylonas (A.S.) resumed

his excavations, which were concentrated on the
north-west entrance to the Palace and an area along
the north section of the Cyclopean wall. Although
the former area had been excavated partially before,
new features were found, indicating that the propylon
through which the Palace was here entered had inner
and outer sections, with a single column in each and
the door in the dividing wall (Fig. ix). Within the
gate, where the main entrance corridor leading south
to the Western Portal of the Palace begins, a staircase
was found on the east side with traces of the door that
closed it. This connected the gate directly with the
North Corridor and with the room occupying the
north-west angle of the Palace, immediately east of the
Gate. Features found under the floor of the Propylon
are tentatively assigned to an earlier entrance gate. FIG. 13
In the excavations along the inside of the north
wall of the Acropolis, a series of narrow passages was wall construction have now been disclosed. Some
found, which had been entered by staircases at the mud-brick walls have no half-timbering and are built
end and communicated with casemates in the thick- in sections, not bonded with adjacent walls of the
ness of the wall. The casemates had for the most same material. Other walls are built of mud or stamped
part been destroyed with the collapse of the wall, but clay (pis6) mixed with gravel. In a third type of
other rooms exist on the opposite side of the corridor wall the core is of rubble and clay and the outer
and one of these was excavated. On its floor among surfaces are faced with mud-brick. Along the rubble
pottery, ivory and paste ornaments and amber beads wall of a corridor (Room 8) a thin facing-slab of
was a unique clay idol: a female figure with hands limestone served as a dado.
crossed between the breasts and only the top of the The Myc. III B destruction was a general one, to
head missing. These galleries in the wall of Mycenae judge by two fragments of an enormous column base
must have resembled the systems of casemates so well of conglomerate, found at different points in the
preserved at Tiryns, but unlike them they are not destruction debris; they can only have come from a
contemporary with the original construction of the palatial building higher up the slope of the acropolis.
wall. The pottery indicates that they remained in Evidence of re-occupation and a later destruction had
use until Myc. III C. been found in 1960 when part of a pis6 floor strewn
14 A. H. S. MEGAW
with burnt III C pottery was uncovered, one of three later discovered to be a drain. A complete pithos,
floors that had been laid down on top of the III B apparently belonging to these same deposits, was
ruins in the area of Room 7. More of the upper pise buried under debris on which had been built a mud-
floor has now been exposed and on it was found brick wall in the late III B phase to block the
upside-down a complete shallow angular bowl of III corridor. The wall had to be dismantled before this
C type (Fig. 14, centre). These floors were bounded pithos could be extracted; underneath it was found a
to the west by a terrace wall, the III C date of which handmade painted kylix, almost complete and un-
was confirmed by the discovery of two deep bowls of broken (Fig. x6, left).
Granary style in a burnt stratum close to the base of To the west of the corridor the terrain takes a deep
the wall on its west side (Fig. 14). Occupation of the plunge and only the upper courses of thick walls have
FIG. 14
Myc. III C period in this area seems to have

been confined to this northern sector. Room 7
underneath the III C floors appears L-shaped,
and built partly of pis6, partly of mud-brick.
Its plaster floor had collapsed into the basement
below. Only part of this room has been ex-
cavated to the lower level, revealing the north
entrance to the basement. Well above the
collapsed floor, fragments of worked ivory,
perhaps from a casket, a bronze dagger with a
bone hilt, and bits of painted plaster were found,
possibly fallen from another storey, making three
storeys in all.
Of exceptional interest was the discovery in a
corridor (Room 3) of several deposits of pottery
belonging to the first half of Myc. III B, or the
early thirteenth century (Fig. 15). They were FIG.
found under a layer of burning in what was 15
FIG. i6
been uncovered so far. One of these is of different vations in the area of the group of houses south of the
construction from the others. It is loosely built of Tomb of Clytemnestra (see plan in Arch. Reportsfor
rough medium-sized stones and with no evidence of 1961-62, fig. 7). He located the entrance to the
binding material. The extension of this wall has been House of the Oil Merchant near the middle of its east
traced farther to the south, where it is associated wall, marked by rock-cut steps leading up from the
predominantly with Middle Helladic pottery. It is street. Some 6 m. further east and parallel to the
quite possible that this wall is part of the Middle facade, a long cutting in the rock was found. If this
Helladic fortification system. represents the frontage of the houses on the other side
In the south-east part of the Citadel House a long of the street, it provides the first support from the
room of great size (Room 2) was partly uncovered in excavations for Homer's characterisation, 'wide-
1959, including parts of its north and east walls of streeted Mycenae' (II. iv, 52). In the street itself, in
mud-brick and part of a good plaster floor. In 1962 front of the House of the Oil Merchant, were found
the southern part of the room was excavated, reveal- the remains of a small apsidal building of the Geo-
ing little beyond large fragments of the floor plaster metric period, 9 m. long by 3-50 m. wide. Since the
that had collapsed into basement rooms below. An associated pottery, which includes two Protogeometric
ornamental feature that may have belonged to the fragments, is of votive character, Verdelis interprets
upper room was a block of bluish stone carved with the building as a small temple, and its walled-off
running spirals found in the basement below. The apsidal end (to the south) as the seating for the cult-
basement (Room II) in which it was discovered statue. A trench some 25 m. east of the House of
produced quantities of potsherds, of which a propor- Sphinxes, which was designed to trace the continua-
tion could be made up into complete vases (Fig. 16, tion of the street, struck substantial walls evidently
centre), complete boar's tusks, fragments of carved belonging to another important Mycenaean house.
and incised ivory, and glass beads of diverse kinds. Chamber Tombs. N. Verdelis (A.S.) excavated
As there was no sign of burning, this fallen debris is to several chamber tombs of which the roofs had collapsed
be connected not with the great destruction at the and which were in danger of interference. Two are
end of Myc. III B but with a partial collapse of the noteworthy. In the first, on the south-west slope of
building at a somewhat earlier date, since the pottery Kalkani, which was in use from Myc. III A to Myc.
is of the later half of III B. Of particular interest III C:I (ca. 1400-I1150 B.C.), the remains of the
was the discovery in the basement room of a complete interments had been swept to one side and evidently
section of an elephant's tusk. An unexpected find purified by fire in readiness for a further burial, which
from this same basement was a delicately carved, never took place. The other, about 100 m. to the
infinitely small figurine of mutton jade (?), which has south, was used for at least 20 burials, all but two of
every appearance of being Neolithic. them in disorder; but, to judge by the pottery, these
About half of the building known as the Citadel covered a relatively short period: Myc. III C:I-2
House has now been uncovered. It is too early to (ca. 1200-1100 B.C.). Few vases were found, but
express an opinion as to its purpose, but it does not among them were two good examples of the Close
seem to be a private dwelling. Its special interest Style: one a jug with spirals and the other a stirrup
lies in the bearing on the history of Mycenae of the jar with a double band of concentric semicircles like
three destructions recorded during its excavation. that from Asine (Fr6din and Persson, Asine, 397,
The earliest can be attributed to the first half of Myc. fig. 260, 3)-
III B (ca. 1250 B.C.), though it cannot be claimed on Dendra. In the resumed Greek-Swedish excava-
present evidence to be of a general nature and there- tions in the Mycenaean cemetery, N. Verdelis and P.
fore equated with the destruction of the houses Astrom discovered a fourteenth chamber tomb.
excavated by Wace outside the Citadel. The second Robbed in the Roman period, it still contained six
and most devastating destruction is datable to the end stirrup jars.
of Myc. III B (ca. 1200 B.C.). The final catastrophe, The unique Mycenaean bronze armour found in
which overwhelmed the diminished community that 196o (Arch. Reportsfor i960-6i, 9-I o) has been dis-
reoccupied this area of the acropolis, followed at the cussed by S. Marinatos (IIAA 37, 72 f.). On swords
end of Myc. III C (ca. I oo B.c.). from the burial see AJA lxvii,
145.
The Lower City. G. Mylonas (A.S.) excavated three Argos. Supplementary work by D. Pallas on the
rooms of a house about 75 m. east of the Treasury of scant remains of a large basilica at 'Alika' on the
Atreus. In one of them the greater part of a hearth road to Boutia, located annexes to the north and
was uncovered and round it many fragments of a features suggesting it was erected at the beginning of
cylindrical chimney-pot similar to those found at the sixth century (ADelt 16. Xp. 95-ioo, with plan).
Pylos. On the threshold of the door into this room Tiryns. Restoration of the west wall of the lower
was the skeleton of a woman whose skull had been acropolis with fallen blocks has led to an interesting
smashed by falling stones, suggesting that the house discovery at the point where it meets the curving wall
was destroyed by earthquake. This occurred a little round the north end. Here two covered galleries
after the middle of Myc. III B, to judge by the pottery sloping steeply down from the interior were entered
found on the floor. This included a handsome mug accidentally. Subsequent excavation by N. Verdelis
o- 16 m. tall with spiral decoration, similar to BSA 51, disclosed that they had served as concealed means of
pl. 30. access to springs outside the walls. A great quantity
N. Verdelis (A.S.) carried out supplementary exca- of pottery was recovered, but it has not yet been
16 A. H. S. MEGAW
FIG. 17
studied. It is reported to indicate that they were

in use for a long period (Kathimerini, 28th December,
1962).
Prophitis Ilias. Discovery of a pit containing mainly
Archaic votive material during widening of the road
to this hill-top chapel north-west of Ayios Adrianos,
led to trial excavations by Mrs E. Protonotariou-
Deilaki for the Archaeological Service. Below the
pit were purely Mycenaean layers, and the summit,
where the chapel rests on a temple foundation, was
found to be encircled by traces of Cyclopean walls.
Below this acropolis there are traces of a lower town,
identified by the excavator with the ancient Lessa
which, according to Pausanias (ii 25, 9), lay on the
road from Tiryns to the Asklepieion and had a temple
of Athena (Kathimerini, 2oth December, 1962).
Porto Cheli. Excavations were carried out by J.
Young, M. Jameson and C. Williams under the
auspices of the American School at several points on
this town site by the natural harbour near the tip of
the Argolic peninsula. They confirmed its identifica-
tion as Halieis, where the people of Tiryns settled
upon their expulsion after the battle of Plataea, by
finding a high proportion of the rare 'Tirynthioi'
coins. A small open-air shrine, probably of Hera,
with fifth-century votives was investigated on the
summit of the low acropolis. The mud-brick
foundations of two towers of the city wall were cleared.
In a public and residential area, close to the point
where the east wall meets the sea, a rectangular
building Io m. square, possibly a bouleuterion, and a
handsome dining room (Fig. 17) were found; also
a number of good Attic red-figure fragments and a
fourth-century bell-crater. Also investigated were a
residential quarter in the west part of the town near
the shore, where other houses and a street are visible
in the water, and an industrial area on the north-east FIG. 18
slope, just inside the wall. Here a presumed dye- near Megalopolis by Theodora Karageorgha revealed,
works was found and a warehouse with datable pottery apart from later structures, what may be the founda-
in situ under a layer of burnt matter, which confirms tion of an Archaic temple. A small votive deposit
other indications that the settlement did not outlast including miniature vases and weapons of the late
the fourth century. seventh or early sixth century B.c. was recovered
Kalivia. An account by Mrs Protonotariou- (ADelt I7, forthcoming).
Deilaki of her excavations in 1958-6I (Arch. Reports Sparta. It is now possible to illustrate an important
for i961-62, 9) on the acropolis of the ancient Pheneos archaic vase with figured relief decoration found in
(in ADelt 17, forthcoming) indicates that the building 196o in soundings in the area between the modern
excavated is an Asklepieion. An inscription on the Stadium and the Tripolis road (Fig. 19). This
base for a sculpture group in the cella records the handsome early sixth-century crater with huntsmen
erection of statues and
l iEp'wg'AaKoAKaslov Orqptdciov returning with their bag of wild beasts (on the neck)
the name of the sculptor Attalos Lacharou. Frag- and a frieze of hoplites and chariots was found among
ments were discovered of colossal marble figures, archaic graves adjoining a house (ADelt 16, Xp. 102;
three times life size, including a female head with BCH 85, 684).
inset eyes and bronze eyelashes (Fig. x8) evidently Ch. Christou's work on the acropolis (A.S.) was
from a group of a seated Asklepios with Hygieia limited to investigation of the area under a modern
(standing). The floor of the cella was of mosaic house after its demolition: it had been much dis-
(BCH 85, 682, fig I), in which strips of lead were used turbed. The Archaeological Service, with Christou
for outlines, as at Pella. in charge, has resumed the clearance of the theatre,
Megalopolis. At the theatre, excavated by the Brit- which was only partially exposed in the British School
ish School in I890-91, E. Stikas and C. Christou excavations of 1924-28. In the olive-yard north of the
(A.S.) have undertaken clearance and supplementary suburb of Kalogonia Christou (A.S.) examined the re-
excavations. The Skenotheke in the West Parodos mains of a small rectangular building which may have
has now been completely cleared and the greater been a shrine on the road to the Menelaion. South-
part of the corresponding area on the east side. east of the town he excavated parts of a massive
NVea Ekklissoula (Mertze). Trials at this village altar-like structure to the east of the cemetery of the
Psychiko suburb. In the form of a rectangular
enclosure open to the north, it had a platform
constructed of large rough blocks along the
back wall in front of which was found a series
of marble plaques with relief-decoration of
anthemia. Plain pottery of Hellenistic and
Roman periods was found and, at the central
point, in front of the platform, a brick-lined
grave; but nothing to identify the building.
Some connection with the Amyklaion is
possible since it cannot lie far from the route
of the Hyakinthia procession.
At Anthochorion 20 km. south of Sparta,
Christou (A.S.) made soundings round the
small church of the Ascension. Below classical
and later layers was an Archaic deposit with
lead figurines of the type found at the
Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia and the Menelaion.
Geometric and Mycenaean levels were also
identified.
Further trials by Christou (A.S.) round the
Church of Ayia Paraskevi near Amyklai failed
to find the Sanctuary of Zeus-Agamemnon
and Alexandra-Cassandra, which an Archaic
votive deposit with inscribed vase fragments
found in 1956 located in this area.
Laconia. The second part of the survey of
Prehistoric Laconia by Helen Waterhouse and
R. Hope Simpson has been published in
BSA 56. It covers the Mani, the Cape Malea
peninsula and the Islands of Kythera and
Antikythera.
Messene (Mavromati). A. Orlandos (A.S.)
resumed the excavation of the 'Agora', first
completing the clearance of the portico at the
**
FIG. 19 east. The Ionic bases, cut from the same
18 A. H. S. MEGAW
block of poros as the lowest drum, were found to by D. Pallas. There are six chambers with arcosolia
have rested on circular plinths. The lower parts of in the walls, which were once frescoed, and graves
the fluted shafts had filled fluting, and they probably in the floor. Remains of Byzantine frescoes attest
carried the Corinthian capitals with a Winged Nike re-occupation as a hermitage (ADelt 17, forthcoming).
rising from the acanthus leaves on each side which Pylos: Palace of Nestor. C. W. Blegen resumed
had previously been discovered. In the north portico excavations and studies in the Palace at Englianos for
was found a male head of marble which had the the University of Cincinnati, as part of his joint
eyes inset and a metal fillet attached round the exploration of Western Messenia with Sp. Marinatos.
hair; the over life-size statue of the early Roman Behind the main building of the Palace, an area
period to which the head belonged, probably stood ca. 35 m. long and i5 m. wide was excavated to test
in the oikos in the north-east corner of the peristyle, the stratification along the steep north-western edge
where other fragments had been found. A third of the site. A veritable maze of superimposed stone
staircase was found ascending from the north portico walls and foundations was uncovered in a deposit
to the terrace where the Sevasteion is placed. Yet ca. 3 m. deep. At the very bottom, Middle Helladic
another staircase was found in the west portico, and pottery was found, including Mattpainted Ware;
beside it a building which inscriptions identify as a higher up LH I pottery succeeded, and in time gave
temple of Artemis Orthia. It was not free-standing, way to wares of LH II and III A; while at the top
were those of Myc. III B to which the Palace with its
two or more phases belongs.
Exploratory trenches in the south-eastern and north-
eastern quarters of the hill (see plan, Arch. Reportsfor
1958, 8, fig. 7) in most cases reached stereoat no great
depth, without traces of buildings. Near the new
entrance gate leading into the site a great mass of
stones was uncovered, possibly from an ancient gate-
way. A great quantity of shattered pottery was
collected, mainly of late Mycenean types (III B).
At the southern point of the hill, a deposit of debris
that contained much Myc. III A pottery was located.
This was evidently a dump, where the wreckage of
burned structures was thrown out in preparation for
the building of the last palace.
In the Palace itself cleaning of the floor of the
Portico revealed that, like the floor of the Throne
Room and the Vestibule, it had been divided by
incised lines into squares each bearing decoration in
linear patterns. Re-examination of the shaft grave
discovered in 1957, beneath the western corner room
in the Palace Workshop, yielded some small items of
interest, including two gold beads, one in the form of
a helmet, ten spherical beads of amethyst, as well as
several of amber. They lay beneath some stones
FIG. 20
wedged between a stone 'couch' and the wall of the
grave (Fig. 20). Cleaning and study of fresco
but incorporated in the buildings forming the west fragments from the mass of plaster recovered in 1961
side of the 'Agora', and was divided by colonnades have allowed the reconstruction in drawings of a
into a central and two lateral compartments. Ionic procession of women represented life size. Elaborately
capitals of poros were found and other architectural gowned and carrying flowers, they belong to two
elements 'of the best workmanship and technique of groups, one moving to right and one to left; each with
early Hellenistic times'. Nothing survived of the two or perhaps four figures. A second procession has
cult statue (or group), but various figures of priestesses been recognised: of pug-nosed men wearing skins of
classed as late Hellenistic were found. All had lost animals, also life size.
their heads, but the inscribed bases on which they The aqueduct which brought water to the Palace
stood were still in situ. was followed and exposed to the north-eastern edge
Methone. G. Papathanasopoulos reports that dur- of the hill. It was originally a channel cut in stereo
ing repairs to the walls of the medieval fortress an (ca. I m. wide at the top, o-50 m. at the bottom, and
earlier fortification wall was observed beneath the I m. deep), but at some time a stone wall was built
south-west sector, consisting of large poros blocks. along one side and it was covered with stone slabs.
Early Roman sherds were collected at this point The water apparently came from a spring called
(ADelt 17, forthcoming). The rock-cut tomb cham- Rouvelli that issues some 1,360 m. to the north-east,
ber complex two kilometres to the north, known as and the aqueduct must have been carried on a wooden
'Ayios Onouphrios', which was first noticed by bridge across the deep hollow between the site and
Leake (Travels in the Morea i 429), has been examined the higherground beyond. The potteryinthechannel
was chiefly Myc. III B, including numerous plain and about Io cm. in diameter (BCH 86, 739 and G.
kylix stems. Papathanasopoulos in ADelt I7, forthcoming).
An illustrated Guide to the Palace of Nestor has Olympia. On completion of the excavation of the
been published by the University of Cincinnati, and stadium by the German Institute under the direction
a preliminary account of the excavations of 1962 in of E. Kunze it has been restored to the condition in
AJA 67, 155-162. which it existed in the fourth century B.C. (Fig. 2z).
Peristeria. S. Marinatos (A.S.) resumed the excava- This has involved reinstatement of the surrounding
tion of Tholos Tomb 2 on this hill-top site at the embankments on which spectators were accommo-
Kyparissia end of the Messenian gap (Arch. Reportsfor dated. An elaborate system of water channels was
i961-62, I I). Its walls stand to a height of some 3 m. found extending right round the stadium and ending
and it is I2 m. in diameter, only slightly smaller than in a drain passing below the mid-point of the track
Tholos I, half of which remains unexcavated pending and under the south embankment. Excavation of
consolidation of its masonry. Like Tholos I it had the area of the north embankment, where the
been plundered in late Mycenaean times, but in this numerous wells had been so productive of archaic
case there was no trace of occupation in the Classical finds, particularly bronzes (Arch. Reportsfor 1960-61,
period. The dromos, under the floor of which was a 13-I4), brought
to light also scattered prehistoric
drain, produced numerous finds, notably a large sherds, including Mycenaean (a selection is to be
quantity of gold leaf, including many pieces having illustrated in AM 77). Notable among the bronzes
impressed designs, a series of bees and six gold tassels found in the 1962 campaign was a late Archaic
(Fig. 21). One such found by Schliemann in the Corinthian helmet with a ram's head on the cheek-
FIG. 21
fifth shaft grave at Mycenae was described as a helmet piece. A preliminary report by Kunze on the
plume, but Marinatos identifies them with the excavation of the Stadium is published in ADelt 17.
Homeric Ov'cavot. There were also numerous amber On completion of the restoration work in the Stad-
beads including two of the flat spacer zigzag type ium the 1962-63 winter campaign was devoted to the
with drilling at the edges that was found in Grave area south-east of the Altis extending from the
Circle B at Mycenae, a type now believed by some Classical South-East Building to the Roman Octagon.
scholars to originate in Southern England. More In this area the original excavations had exposed,
has been found of the massive wall constructed of beneath the buildings of the time of Nero and later,
small rubble which crosses the dromos and forms a some Classical remains, but in isolated sections only.
semicircle round this and the small adjoining Tholos Kunze's new excavations in this area, to greater depth
3 (can it have retained the base of a tumulus on this and with extensions to the south and east, have now
downhill side?). Trial trenches in the area to the yielded important results for the history of the sanctu-
east of these tombs have revealed walls with plentiful ary. Structures of the Early Classical, Late Classical
associated pottery, suggesting that the settlement and Hellenistic periods have now been identified
covered the whole hilltop, which was protected on beneath the later buildings, which themselves are of
the only accessible side by a Cyclopean wall. two periods: the Early Roman, including the 'House
Tragana (Triphylia). Accidental discoveries in of Nero' and a small Naiskos now identified for the
I961 drew attention to a Hellenistic tumulus at first time, and the extensive Antonine complex of the
'Tsopani Rachi' between the village and the sea. Octagon in which a mosaic floor with sea-creatures
The finds, now in the Pylos museum, include two was found.
gold fillets, a silver bowl and a small hemispherical To the south-west of the Octagon, at great depth,
bowl of mosaic glass, predominantly green in colour came to light a completely-preserved altar surrounded
20 A. H. S. MEGAW
FIG. 22
by the remains of sacrifices and offerings. The rich

contents of this deposit proved that it was in use from
the mid-fifth century to the Hellenistic period, when
a new altar was set up near by. This Hellenistic altar,
with which the later Naiskos seems to be connected,
bears on its stuccoed surface the painted inscription
'AprzuE6[o;identifying it as the Altar of Artemis which
Pausanias passed on his way back to the Altis from
the Hippodrome (Paus. v 15, 6).
Archaic occupation of the area appears to have
been limited to the digging of wells, which owing to
the high water-table could not be excavated. The
finds from the Classical altar deposit include a red-
figure lekythos with Athena, of strong style and local
fabric, terracottas from Early Classical to Early
Hellenistic and numerous bronze armlets, some with
silver inlay. In fill-material of the Early Classical
period Laconian sherds of the highest quality were
found and a Corinthian plastic vase in the form of a
recumbent panther. Several fine bronzes were also
found: an 'Illyrian' helmet with silver inlay decora-
tions of horsemen on the cheekpieces and a boar
between lions on the crown; a Laconian sphinx of
ripe Archaic style; a Protocorinthian prancing lion;
an unusually large statuette of Zeus of strong style
with a long inscription on the body; and a tripod-
leg with Early Archaic animal reliefs, including a
Chimaera (Fig. 23).
Elis. N. Yialouris (A.S.) and Miss V. Leon of
the Austrian Archaeological Institute resumed the
excavation of the theatre. The West Parados was
completely excavated and the adjoining retaining wall
of the auditorium was found to have replaced an
earlier wall, constructed of re-used materials. The
original auditorium limited by this earlier wall was
built in the first half of the fourth century, to judge FIG. 23
by the associated finds. Among these was a large

number of female terracotta busts, the latest of which
are of that period. The reconstruction is assigned to
early Hellenistic times, but it is not yet clear to which
of these stages the remains of the skene building should
be assigned. Work was resumed in the area of the
earlier Austrian Institute trenches in the South Stoa
of the Agora.
A French team led by A. Leroi-Gourhan followed-
up, and confirmed the interest of, the Palaeolithic
remains previously reported in the Killini area by J.
Servais (BCH 1961, 1-9), and discovered others in the
regions of Amalias and Katakolo. Three quaternary
horizons furnished many hundreds of tools and flakes
of flint, now in the Olympia Museum, the oldest of
which belong to a Levallois-Mousterian type industry.
On or close to the surface an industry of Mesolithic
character was identified.
Kastro tis Kalogrias. A fuller account is now avail-
able of the investigation by E. Mastrokostas (A.S.) of
this prehistoric fortification on the border of Achaia
and Elis, identifiable as the Teichos of the Dymaeans
which featured in the Social War (Arch. Reportsfor
i96z-62, 12). His first concern was the clearance of
the walls and gates to facilitate preparation of a plan.
Its Cyclopean wall, in places still io m. high, forms
three sides of an elongated enclosure on a ridge which FIG. 25
was naturally defended on the fourth, once washed by
the sea. The main gate is in one of the two rounded Byzantine period, when the enclosure was divided by
angles and protected by a r-shaped tower, where a transverse wall (demolished by the Italian occupa-
inscriptions attest the presence in later times of altars tion forces during the war). The date of the original
of Artemis, Enyalios, Aphrodite and Aphetos. The fortification has not yet been determined, but the
walls were repaired in antiquity with dry masonry pottery found indicates occupation of the site in
and again, with mortared walling attributed to the Neolithic times, as well as in EH and LH III.
Patras. E. Mastrokostas reports (ADelt I7, forth-
coming) accessions of the local museum, including
various battered marbles and inscriptions (Greek,
Latin and Hebrew), previously immured in the Castle,
and a Late Geometric tomb group from 'Skoros' near
Chalandritsa. An acquisition of unusual interest is a
group of armour and weapons from a pithos burial at
'Kioupa' a kilometre east of Kalavryta, including a
helmet of early 'Illyrian' type and a pair of greaves
(Figs. 24, 25).
CENTRAL GREECE AND EUBOEA
Thebes. The opening of the new museum on 9th

December, 1962, was clouded by the death, not three
months previously, of I. Threpsiades who had been
closely concerned with its erection and had been
responsible for its arrangement.
Delphi. Investigations by the French School out-
side the south-east corner of the Sanctuary have
brought to light an apsidal building of the late Roman
period.
Ayios Theodoros (Medeon). The French School,
in collaboration with Miss I. Konstantinou of the
Greek Archaeological Service, have investigated an
area of this ancient site, on the east side of the bay of
Antikyra, which is to be occupied by an aluminium
factory. Some 250 tombs were dug on the east
FIG. 24 slopes of the walled acropolis. These yielded evidence
22 A. H. S. MEGAW
of Middle Helladic occupation, but most of the excavated by B. Petrakos. It is 10 - 50 m. in diameter,
tombs belonged to the Mycenaean and Hellenistic contains a well at the central point, probably for
periods; none of the Roman period was found. On ritual purification, and is entered through two opposite
the flat ground to the east habitation remains were doors, east and west, from a surrounding terrace
uncovered of the Classical and Hellenistic town. The which was enclosed by 62 wooden posts. There are
most prominent structure examined proved to be an remains of a peribolos wall, and within it was found
eleventh-century church of the type with a dome on the base of a bronze statue of Aeschylus, son of
eight arches, a smaller version of that in the monastery Antandrides, dedicated by the city of Delphi. The
of Hosios Loukas, of which the fine olive grove in inscription is published by Petrakos in ADelt 17
this area, now to be destroyed, was formerly a meto- (forthcoming). Close to, and south of the West Gate
chion. In the church, which has a crypt, the carved in the fortification wall Petrakos has partially
marbles of the iconostasis were found. It was later excavated a large Hellenistic building with a peristyle
converted into a small fortress of cruciform plan by court. By the building of the Agricultural Co-
additions on all four sides. operative he has uncovered a mosaic floor of the fourth
Monastery of Hosios Loukas. With the guidance of century B.C. made of black, white and yellow pebbles.
A. Orlandos (A.S.) a team under Ph. Zachariou has In a central medallion o-50 m. in diameter, this
cleaned the frescoes of the Crypt, which previously mosaic has a representation of Dionysus on a panther
were barely visible. They appear to be contemporary (Kathimerini, 22nd January, 1963).
with the early eleventh-century mosaics in the church
above and include on the vaulting an unusual
EPIRUS AND THE IONIAN ISLANDS
ornamentation of scrolled foliage on a white ground
surrounding medallions with busts of saints. Pantanassa. Near this village between Ioannina and
Elateia (formerly Drachmani). A C-I4 date of Preveza several Middle Palaeolithic sites were dis-
5520 + 70 B.C. for material found with Early covered by E. S. Higgs, in the course of a survey in
Neolithic monochrome pottery on one of the lowest Epirus and Macedonia. This survey was undertaken
floors (see Arch. Reportsfor 1959-60, 13) is reported by for the Cambridge University Department of Arch-
S. Weinberg (Hesperia xxxi, 207). The presence of a aeology and sponsored by the British School with the
fragment of Corinthian variegated ware at this level object of relating environmental and climatic changes
makes this date applicable to the Early Neolithic of to Stone Age industries. In quantity, quality of
the Peloponnese also. A second date was obtained workmanship and preservation, the flint artifacts
for material associated with the earliest painted collected on these sites are considered unique of their
pottery from this site: 5o8o + 130 B.C. kind and to represent the first well-defined Palaeo-
Larymna. Some 60o 'Tanagra' figurines have been lithic assemblage from Greece. The chipping floors
recovered by the Archaeological Service following where they were found lie in horizons some four inches
illicit excavation of four tombs in a vineyard some thick in a deep deposit of silt overlying a cemented
2 km. west of the village. breccia of immense proportions, probably indicating
Euboea. Discoveries in Chalcis recently published a cold period of great severity.
include a group of Protogeometric vases from the Basically the industry is Mousterian with points,
'Gyphtika' hill (Fig. 26), where two wells produced D-shaped scrapers and side scrapers (Fig. 27). There
sherds and figurines down to the Archaic period. are discoid and tortoise cores and many of the flakes
(ADelt 16, Xp. 150 f.) have facetted platforms. Associated with them are
Eretria. Some 2oo m. south-east of the remains of bifacially worked artifacts which repeat some of the
the temple of Apollo Daphnephoros, the foundation forms present in the Eastern Mousterian. There are
of an interesting Hellenistic tholos building has been other bifacials, however, worked to a point at both ends
FIG. 26
which are more characteristic of industries further to abandoned in the first century B.C., and beneath them
the west. In the same deposit is a small hand axe, walls of earlier date. At nearly all levels were found
the most southerly so far found in Europe. There are Protocorinthian sherds from the cemetery which had
also present steep scrapers and some blades which previously occupied this area. By the well of the
suggest affinity with industries of the Advanced or house four of the standing slabs of stone that formed
Upper Palaeolithic. Particular interest attaches to one of the graves remained in situ and nearby a few
the affinities of the bifacial leaf-shaped tools with those
industries of Germany, Hungary and the U.S.S.R.
which have bearing upon the first entry, or the emerg-
ence of Upper Palaeolithic industries and of Homo
sapiens in Europe.
Dodona. The results of the researches of S. I.
Dakaris on the Sacred House are in the press (AE
1959, forthcoming) and he gives an account of this
building and of the theatre, which, following his
excavations, has been partially restored, in ADelt 16,
4-4o0 and pls. 2-I 3
4fikopolis. Under the direction of A. Orlandos
(A.S.) the task of protecting the mosaic floors of the 1 2
Doumetios and Alkison basilicas and of basilica D
has been put in hand. They had deteriorated rather
seriously since they were first exposed. Some 300
square metres have already been consolidated on a
new foundation.
Kephallenia. In an account of his excavation of the
Roman villa at 'Ayios Athanasios' near the new
settlement of Skala (BCH 83, 728 f.), V. Kallopolitis
finds Severan and later parallels for elements of its
interesting mosaic pavements with metrical inscrip-
tions. These include an apotropaic representation of
Phthonos devoured by beasts and a scene of sacrifice
with an altar attended by two boys and, below it, boar,
bull and ram. The mosaicist Krateros is named in
the inscriptions (ADelt 17, I f.).
Kerkyra. G. S. Dontas excavated part of a rich
deposit, mainly of Archaic architectural terracottas
from a large Doric temple, in the park of the Royal
Villa 'Mon Repos', where similar material had been
found in 1914 (Kerkyra i (1940) i34 f.). The new
finds, which are both more numerous and better
preserved, include leading roof-tiles with lion-head
spouts, one of them almost complete, and cover-tiles
ornamented with a Potnia Theron head or a gor-
goneion. A number of guttae of stone, 6-4 cm. in
diameter, were also found and doubtless come from 6 7 e
the same temple, datable around 6oo B.c. and of esti-
mated length 65-70 m. The deposit also contained FIG. 27 Scale c. 1:2
votive terracottas suggestive of an Aphrodite cult.
The possibility exists that this early Archaic temple was Protocorinthian vases of the third quarter of the
the predecessor of the smaller temple of ca. 400 B.c., seventh century.
of which the foundations were excavated in 1914
on a nearby site on the Analypsis hill, but subsequently THESSALY
filled-in. Argissa-Magula. The first volume of the final

In the Garitsa suburb, what proved to be a rather publication of the excavations directed by V. Miloj'id
poor section of the ancient cemetery was investigated has appeared (1962): Das PriikeramischeNeolithikum;
by Dontas. Among tile-covered graves, pithos burials also a short illustrated summary of all his work in
and ossuary vases of various forms the most notable Thessaly from 1953-59 with a bibliography of pre-
finds were two seventh-century Attic amphorae, liminary reports (ADelt 16, Xp. 186-194).
probably the earliest Attic vases found in Kerkyra. Sesklo. D. Theocharis (A.S.) made new strati-
In the Evelpides property, not far from Kanoni, graphical soundings in the mound near Volos which
Dontas excavated for the first time in a residential Tsountas first excavated over sixty years ago. Their
quarter of the ancient city. He exposed four rooms prime result was the identification of three earlier
and part of another of a house built in the fourth, and levels, beneath the remains of the 'Sesklo-culture'
24 A. H. S. MEGAW
once regarded as the earliest neolithic phase (Wace's undertaken by the University of Salonika, G.
Period A). The latest of these (level III) produced Bakalakis and M. Andronikos have carried out a
'pre-Sesklo' remains with mud-brick wall construction, detailed survey of the site.
predominantly monochrome pottery and only a few Vergina. Supplementary work by G. Bakalakis and
painted or incised fragments of the characteristic A2 M. Andronikos has followed the completion of the
ware of the Larissa area. The preceding level (II) excavation of the Hellenistic palace. The assembly
was marked by successive ash layers without evidence of seven fragments has produced a complete Ionic
of buildings but with two pottery stages: earliest architrave from the east (entrance) wing.
Neolithic monochrome ware in hemispherical and Exploration of the great mound, which Andronikos
spherical forms, followed by 'early painted' the first proved by trials in 1952 to be of Hellenisitic date, has
decorated ware (Milqojid's 'Protosesklo'). Finally, a been resumed. The cutting of a broad trench had to
pre-pottery Neolithic level (I) was reached which be interrupted before ground level or any tomb was
produced obsidian microliths and evidence for pit- reached. Apart from two inscribed marble grave
dwellings of the type found in the German excavations steles and fragments of an inscribed poros column
at Argissa. base, the greater part of a marble stele with a painted
Nea Anchialos (Phthiotic Thebes). P. Lazarides (A.S.) representation was found broken in several pieces.
resumed the excavation of the large secular building To the right a woman is shown standing and facing
between basilicas A and B. From a central court another who is seated, while a young girl stands
with porticoes on at least two sides, it is now seen to between them. All these monuments, which are now
have extended in all directions and to have been in the Verroia museum, were doubtless taken with
more than once re-modelled. The coins found the earth for the mound from the Hellenistic cemetery
indicate that it was in use from the fourth to the sixth which lies to the east.
century A.D., but its function has yet to be disclosed. Derveni. Ch. Makaronas has excavated two more
Larissa. At the locality 'Gidiki' in the area of a graves of the group that yielded the spectacular
military installation the accidental discovery of a bronze krater (Arch. Reports for i961-62, fig.
15).
Mycenaean tholos tomb is reported, containing Io They belong to the period 350-300 B.c. and one of
vases of the thirteenth century B.c. (Kathimerini, 22nd them contained exquisite gold ornaments and a
February, 1963). finger-ring inscribed KhAETqdrpov (Kathimerini, 26th
August, 1962).
MACEDONIA
Amphipolis. A third basilica, which D. Lazarides
Kozani. A short account by S. Pelekanides located in 1959, has been partly excavated by E.
(ADelt 16, Xp. 227-8) draws attention to remains of a Stikas (A.S.). It has a single semicircular apse and,
very curious early church accidentally discovered a in the nave, a well-preserved carpet-like mosaic floor
few years ago, at Akrini about 30 km. north-east of the with the type of geometrical pattern characteristic of
town. It consists of a sanctuary of trefoil plan the fifth century. In the narthex is a similar mosaic
preceded by a narrow transverse vestibule. Dated floor, designed in a single panel covering both nave
by the excavator to the fifth century, its well-preserved and aisles. Two capitals from this church in the
mosaic floor comprises scroll borders, panels with such Kavalla Museum are of the modified 'Theodosian'
motifs as stags and birds flanking a fountain (BCH 84, type with the upper leaves replaced by rams and lions.
768, fig. 9), and the rare motif of twelve nimbed Other capitals and fragments of marble furniture
pigeons symbolising the twelve Apostles (cover). were found in the excavations.
Nea Nikomedia. The excavation of this Early Philippi. To the north-east of Basilica B, D.
Neolithic site near Verroia under the auspices of the Lazarides has found an inscription identifying a
British School has been resumed by G. Clark and R. sanctuary of Apollo Komaios and Artemis and has
Rodden. A report on the first campaign in 1961 excavated part of it. On the site originally selected
(see Arch. Reportsfor i961-62, 30) has appeared in the for the new museum, to the north of the Via Egnatia
Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society xxviii 267-288. and west of Basilica A, Lazarides has discovered
The pottery from the first occupation levels, for which another large basilica which he plans to excavate
a radio-carbon date 6220 B.c. - 150 years has been systematically (Kathimerini, I4th March, 1963).
obtained, includes a Macedonian equivalent of the S. Pelikanides (A.S.) has confirmed his identification
earliest Thessalian painted wares. of the buildings to the north of the Octagonal Church
Edessa. Mosaics with stags and storks as well as as a baptistery complex (Arch. Reportsfor 1961-62, 19)-
geometric designs have been removed to the local Further excavation has revealed the baptistery proper
museum from a building reported to be of the fifth as a room in the form of a cross with very short arms.
century A.D., which was found during construction of The baptistery font is likewise cruciform, but its
the foundation of a water channel (Kathimerini, 8th stepped arms are set diagonally in the room, and they
May, 1963). are of the unusual Maltese cross form. The building
Pella. A well-illustrated account of the excavations was richly decorated: the floor with marble 'tiling' of
of I953-6o and of the remarkable mosaics they dis- various patterns; the walls with marble revetments
closed (Arch. Reportsfor 1961-62, 15 and figs. 17-19) below and figured mosaics above, to judge by the
has been published by Ch. Makaronas (ADelt 16, fragments recovered. To the north, the baptistery
72-83, and pls. 35-90). communicated with the baths previously located,
Dion. As a preliminary to new excavations to be where the tepidariumwith its hypocaust has now been
excavated. To the south the baptistery communi- find of Hellenistic frescoes has stimulated interest in
cated through subsidiary rooms with the church. In the fragments found many years ago in the House of
the latter, a sounding below the paving of plain Dionysos and elsewhere, which cleaning has now
marble slabs within the octagonal arcade revealed a proved to be of great interest. They are to be
section of mosaic floor and a stylobate. which evi- published by Bezerra de Meneses. In the cistern
dently belong to an earlier church of three-aisle type. court of a house adjoining that of the Comedians, two
altars of white marble were found in situ, one round
THE CYCLADES and the other square and ornamented with bucrania.
Keos. The excellent results of J. Caskey's first J. Ducat completed investigation of the Archaic
campaign at Agia Irini (Arch. Reports for 1961-62, Sanctuary of Anios identified under the Hellenistic
19-20) have been published in Hesperia xxxi 263 f. Archegesion in 1961 (Arch. Reports for 1961-62, 21).
At the time of writing (May, 1963) a second campaign The original building, of the late seventh or early sixth
has just started. Meanwhile the Archaeological century, was a sort of Megaron open to the sky and
Service with Ch. Doumas in charge has cleared the having a peristyle of wooden columns on stone bases.
remains of the early fifth-century peripteral temple of In the fifth century this was replaced by a court with
Athena on the site of the ancient Karthaea (cf. BCH stoas on the four sides, a form which the Hellenistic
1906, 329 f.) recovering in the process, apart from building repeated. More of the archaic votive
architectural members, votive statuettes of Athena deposit, including inscribed sherds, was recovered.
of Hellenistic date. The remains of the temple of The Granite Palaistra, of the second century B.c.,
Apollo by the sea were also excavated (Kathimerini and the adjoining Palaistra of the Lake, which in its
17th February, 1963). first state goes back to the fourth century or even
Delos. The excavations of the French School were earlier, are the subject of the latest volume of Dilos
continued by P. Bruneau, with C. Vatin, A. Bovon, (xxv: J. Delorme, Les Palestres).
G. Donnay and U. Bezerra de Meneses. The second- Mykonos. The fragments of a remarkable seventh-
century B.c. house discovered in 1961 by the Bay of century amphora with relief scenes of the Trojan
Skardhana north-west of the House of the Diadumenos horse and the massacre at Troy (BCH 86, 854 and pl.
was further explored. In its two-storey peristyle the 29) which came to light in 1961, evidently during
lower order was Doric, the upper Ionic. The interior building operations in the town, have now been
walls of the surrounding rooms were constructed, assembled (Fig. 29). It stands I - 33 m. high and with
above a stone plinth, of layers of pis6 7 cm. thick the two comparable amphorae discovered at Xdbourgo
(Fig. 28). The emblemata had been cut out of the in Tinos by N. Kontoleon, leaves little room for doubt
mosaic floors in antiquity. The painted and stucco about the Cycladic origin of this class of vase, of which
decoration was exceptionally rich: in the main room another fine example was recently acquired by the
were found painted panels of excellent quality with C.I.B.A. collection (CIBA Bldttern July/Aug. 1962;
figure subjects including actors, for whom this has Theseus and Minotaur). The Mykonos vase is to be
been named the House of the Comedians. This new published by Mrs M. Ervin in ADelt.
FIG. 28
998f~f
26 A. H. S. MEGAW
FIG. 29
Naxos. At 'Akrotiri' north-east of Enkareds Ch. the exception of two representations which include
Doumas, following illicit excavations, has dug 23 birds in the apse of the former, the decoration is
intact Early Cycladic tombs containing marble idols limited to crosses and purely ornamental motifs
and pottery. In similar circumstances Doumas (Kathimerini, IstJune, 1962).
examined another Early Cycladic cemetery near the Paros. Ch. Doumas has excavated a few intact
coast east of Koronos, where a contemporary settle- Early Cycladic tombs in the Kantakousinos property
ment is also reported. Doumas has also investigated about 3 km. from Naousa (Kathimerini, 12th February,
the hill-top site where stones with roughly hammered 1963). Restoration works directed by A. Orlandos
figures of men and animals were previously reported (A.S.) at the Katapoliani church brought to light a
FIG. 30
(Arch. Reports for z96z-62, 22). In the town of number of interesting items that had been used as
Naxos Doumas excavated a well in the athletic ground building material in later structures, including in-
of the Gymnasium with Archaic fill including frag- scriptions of the Classical to Roman periods, an
ments of a pithos with relief representations (Kathi- archaic Ionic capital from a votive column akin to
merini, 12th February, 1963). that of the Naxians at Delphi and two large archaic
G. Athanasopoulos, who has been working on the reliefs which had been reused face down as paving
material in the National Museum from the early ex- slabs. The one represents a powerful group of a lion
cavations of Tsountas and Stephanou in the Cyclades, attacking an ox (Fig. 30). the other the feasting of a
has published the contents of 41 Early Cycladic hero or god (Fig. 31). In the latter, which is close
tombs excavated by Stephanou in twelve cemeteries to the well-known relief from Thasos in Istanbul
FIG. 31
in Naxos, during the years 1903-10 (ADelt 17, (Jdl 28 (1913) pl. 26), the hero's head is turned to
I04 f.). Some of the objects have been published the front and his shield, sword and breastplate are
before individually, but the reconstitution of groups shown hanging on the wall behind his couch. The
containing pottery and marble vessels as well as idols two reliefs may have formed part of a single monu-
provides some of them with a context of useful ment, for they are both 0o73 m. high and worn at
associations for the first time. the top. They are to be published by N. Kontoleon.
A photographic mission of the Royal Research The fagade of the church, which was leaning out-
Foundation has drawn attention to decorations of the wards, has been restored to its original position and
iconoclast period surviving in the churches of Ayia form, losing in the process the attractive 'Island'
Kyriaki near Apeiranthos and Ayios Artemios near flavour of its whitewashed plaster. In front of it were
Sangri, which Miss A. Vasilaki is to publish. With found the stylobates of an Atrium which had carried,
28 A. H. S. MEGAW
not columns, but rectangular shafts. This Atrium either end against a return of the short end walls;
belongs to an earlier wood-roofed basilica of which it had no interior colonnade or subdivision and the
Orlandos has identified other elements beneath the location of an Ionic order, of which many members
Justinianic church. exist, is uncertain. The interior stucco was moulded
and painted to simulate drafted-margin masonry,
AEGEAN
many fragments of which bear letters either impressed
OTHER ISLANDS
in the plaster when wet, or subsequently incised.
Thasos. The excavations of the French School in Some of these suggest that a record of initiations was
the agora of the ancient city were continued by F. kept on the walls of the stoa. The building was roofed
Salviat withJ. Servais, C. Rolley and Viviane Regnot. with Laconian tiles, except the sima stroters (equipped
Much of the North-West Stoa was uncovered, and at with lion's head waterspouts and applied rinceaux)
one point the full width of the street behind it, to- and the lowest kalypters, which follow the Corinthian
gether with a section of the defensive wall separating system. These and other features including the
it from the port. At the north end of the building a profile of the geison indicate a late Hellenistic date;
passage linking the Agora with the port was also like other buildings in the sanctuary, the stoa seems
exposed. An architectural account of the building to have been extensively repaired in the early fourth
has been published in Ltudes Thasiennes vi; L'Agora i, century A.D. A fragment of Parian marble found
1-54. In an area behind the South-West Stoa, which among the debris of the Stoa proved to be the tip
was excavated only to the Roman levels, were found a of one of the wing feathers of the Victory of Samo-
monumental passage on the axis of the Great Altar thrace, which stood near by.
of the agora and an apsidal building evidently of In the Southern Necropolis, Elspeth Dusenbery
sacred character, containing a fallen marble statue of with A. Vavritsas established the westward limits (in
the Emperor Hadrian, the head being perfectly pre- the direction of the Sanctuary) of this burial ground,
served. From the blocking of a nearby doorway previously explored in 1957 (Arch. Reportsfor 1959-6o,
other second-century marble sculptures were re- I7). In this area only tile-graves and cremation
covered, including a headless Nemesis identical with burials of the late Hellenistic and Roman periods were
one found in the same area in 1930 (BCH 1942-43, found, nearly all of them furnished with burial gifts;
21 -213), with which it doubtless formed a consecra- the earlier tombs going back to the sixth century,
tion to the twin Nemeses of the Symrniote type. plentiful further east, did not extend to it. On the
North of the city wall, by the 'Evraio-Kastro' rock, a south fringe of the cemetery, however, below a few
trial following chance finds produced numerous votive similar late tile-graves, a thick cluster of cremation
terracottas, debris from a sanctuary of the Classical burials going back to the first half of the sixth century
period previously unknown. A fourth-century in- was excavated, the earliest so far found. They con-
scription mentions Athena Mykesia. The first part sisted of small compartments, roughly built of field-
of the long-awaited publication on the walls themselves stones and tightly packed with vases. Some of the
has now appeared (Jtudes Thasiennesviii; Les Murailles larger decorated vases are of East Greek fabrics;
i, 1962). It is an account by C. Picard of the gates others belong to a previously unknown fabric,
with Late Archaic relief carvings. possibly local. These larger vases contained ashy
The excavation of the small sanctuary site on the material and several had regular round holes cut out
'Aliki' peninsula, near the ancient marble quarries, of the upper part of the body, to be connected with
was completed. The pottery, which is not plentiful, some local burial custom. One of the later sixth-
attests use from the seventh century B.c., but the century cremations was in an Attic pelike 0-57 m.
surviving structure seems to date in the main from the high, perhaps the largest known. It is attributed to
sixth. The building consisted of a portico fronting the Eucharides Painter and bears a vintage scene with
two units of unequal size, the larger of which contained Dionysus offering a cup of must to Herakles.
a central altar-eschara. The original Ionic colon- Volume 4, part i of the Samothrace publication,
nade, of which one base with plain torus remains in The Hall of Votive Gifts by the late K. Lehmann, has
situ, was demolished in front of the larger unit, and appeared and part ii, The Altar Courtby Lehmann and
replaced by a Doric one on a heavier stylobate in the D. Spittle, is expected to appear in
1963.
first half of the fifth century; but this reconstruction, Mytilene. S. Charitonides (A.S.) resumed the
which included the back wall of the portico, was never excavation of the building with mosaic floors at
completed. 'Chorapha', provisionally dated to the fourth century
Samothrace. At the Sanctuary of the Great Gods, A.D., lying to the east of the theatre of the ancient city
the New York University expedition with Phyllis (Arch. Reportsfor 1961-62, 23). This is now seen to
Lehmann as Acting Director started work on the conform with a common type of house. It has a
West Stoa, one of the largest in Greece, measuring central court with rooms on two of the three sides
I04 '30 m. by 13'90 m. After the whole area of the that could be investigated. The excavation of the
building had been cleared and more than 900ooblocks two rooms opening onto the north side of the court
from the superstructure stacked on an adjoining site, was completed. In that where the earlier work had
the remains of the southern end of the stoa were uncovered two panels of a mosaic floor with scenes
excavated, with J. R. McCredie in charge. Built from comedies of Menander headed by their titles, the
of finely stuccoed poros limestone, the stoa opened to floor was found to comprise no less than seven such
the east through a Doric colonnade terminating at panels and three more depicting respectively the poet
Menander himself, the muse Thaleia and a scene ing by Chrysoula Kardara has been published by the
of Socrates with two of his disciples. In this last, Archaeological Society of Athens ('PodtaK?''AyyEtoy-
as in the Menander scenes, the figures wear actor's pacpia, 1963).
dress, but the panel has no title and is not identifiable Karpathos. The pottery (and a few bronze weapons)
with any known work of the poet. In the adjoining from a chamber tomb at 'Makelli' near Pigadia, half
room a second mosaic floor has Orpheus in an octag- of it Minoan or of Minoan style, including domestic
onal centre piece, surrounded by square, lozenge and wares, has been published by S. Charitonides (ADelt
triangular panels containing animals. In the central I7, 32 f.). There were numerous burials, but all the
court the covered porticoes round a marble-paved pottery falls within LM III A except for six high-
impluvium also contained mosaics, of which those on footed cups transitional to III B. The site and another
the north included four more Menander scenes. in Karpathos which has produced Minoan (or
Following clearance work in the Castle of the Gattel- Mycenaean) pottery are described in a recent article
usi, S. Charitonides has distinguished substantial by R. Hope Simpson and J. F. Lazenby ('Notes from
remains of an earlier Byzantine fortress which it the Dodecanese', BSA 57,
incorporated. A high proportion of columns and 154-I175)"
other material from earlier buildings was used in the
CRETE
construction of this original castle (ADelt 16, Xp.
239-243). Knossos. The results of his excavations in the
Lisvori. During an oceanographic mission directed Neolithic levels below the Palace between 1957 and
by A. Christomanos submerged ancient harbour I960 are to be published by J. Evans in BSA 59-
constructions were observed on the gulf of Kaloni at Speaking at the Annual Meeting of Subscribers of the
the locality 'Kourtir', the landing stage of Lisvori, British School in February, 1963, he reported a
confirming earlier reports by Charitonides. In radiocarbon date for the original encampment: 6Ioo
conjunction with other ancient remains reported in the + 150 B.C. The earliest pottery, in the second level,
neighbourhood, in an area with the suggestive name associated with houses entirely of mud-brick, suggests
'Temenos', this invites identification with the ancient settlement from north-western Asia Minor. The
Pyrra, 'swallowed in the sea' according to Pliny five-metre accumulation from the Early Neolithic is
(Nat. Hist. v. 139), where there is reason to seek the almost double that from the Middle and Late
Lesbians' joint sanctuary of Zeus, Hera and Dionysos Neolithic occupations combined; the possibility
(Kathimerini, 23rd December, 1962). exists that some of the later phases are missing,
Chios. An account of the underwater reconnais- either through temporary abandonment or as a result
sance off the Island in 1954, in conjunction with the of EM levelling operations.
British School excavations at Emporio, has now been On completion of the series of stratigraphical
published by R. Garnett and J. Boardman in BSA 56. excavations directed by him for the British School, S.
The post-Byzantine architecture of Chios has been Hood has been occupied with the study of the pottery
studied in The Architecture of Chios by the late A. and other material found, particularly the large
Smith (ed. Argenti: 1962). deposits from both sides of the Royal Road. It is
Samos. Following the death in December, 1961 of hoped to complete this work in 1964. Meanwhile,
E. Buschor, who had directed the German Institute Linear B tablet fragments from the excavation north
excavations, work at the Heraion has been limited to of the road have been published by J. Chadwick with
consolidation of previous discoveries and preparation other Knossos tablets in BSA 57, 46 f. (a further series
for future investigations. The finds of the campaigns is forthcoming in BSA 58). M. Popham has been
of 1958 and 1959 (Arch. Reportsfor 1959-60, 17) have working on unpublished re-occupation pottery from
been published by K. Vierneisel and H. Walter (AM the original excavation of the Palace, which is
74); Vierneisel has also published new terracottas pertinent to some current discussions.
from the Heraion (AM 76). The account by V. The Byzantine basilica church in the cemetery
Miloj6id of the prehistoric settlement under the area east of the Sanatorium, which was excavated in
Heraion comprises the first volume of the final 1955-58, has been published by W. H. C. Frend
publication (Samos i, 1961). (BSA 58, 186-238), together with an account of the
Rhodes. The practice of excavating sites in the town many tombs it covered and the single one it contained.
prior to new building development has again borne All the evidence points to a construction date in the
fruit in 1962. An insula behind the Cairo Hotel late fifth or early sixth century.
excavated by Miss K. Phatourou, was found to be At Atsalenio, a refugee settlement between Knossos
almost completely occupied by a single building. and Herakleion, two Geometric chamber tombs
Elsewhere Hellenistic houses were excavated and, found during house construction were dug by K.
near the road to Lindos, an interesting complex of Davaras. One was largely destroyed, but the other
built tombs of the second and first century B.c., contained some 60 vases about halfofwhich contained
consisting of parallel rows of vaulted burial chambers. cremations. Included in this group was an imported
South of the acropolis a group of chamber tombs of Cypriot jug (Kathimerini, I6th February, 1963).
the fourth century B.c., also excavated by Miss Skoteino Cave. Following illicit excavations, K.
Phatourou, yielded a good pelike of the Kertch style Davaras re-examined this cave shrine some 20 km.
(Kathimerini, 7th April, 1963). east of Herakleion, which Evans first explored.
An important monograph on Rhodian vase-paint- Many votive objects were recovered, ranging in date
30 A. H. S. MEGAW
from the Middle Minoan period to Roman times, I, as well as MM II, and has revealed the presence
among them three LMI bronze statuettes each some of non-Cretan characteristics in several examples.
15 cms. high and representing nude male votaries For H.M. 688 in particular, with lions antithetically
(Kathimerini, I6th February, 1963). disposed and flattened field (Fig. 32, published by
Phaistos. Under the direction of D. Levi, the permission of D. Levi), an Anatolian origin is indi-
Italian School resumed exploration of the sector to the cated by recent finds at Kara Hilyiik. The material
West of the Palace, between the theatral area and the from the excavations on the latter site, soon to be
Geometric houses on the slope to the south. The published by S. Alp (whose kindness in allowing him
remainder of the paved street serving these houses to mention them Kenna acknowledges) includes some
was exposed and to the west of its upper section part sealings paralleled by other Cretan examples from
of another kouloura (the third at Phaistos), close to Phaistos. These observations give new definition to
that found in 1961. On a solid paved floor, its the possibility of trade between South Crete and
filling was stone below and pottery above, the latest Central Anatolia in the early second millennium.
belonging to the third Proto-palatial phase. Below Cretan relations with Cyprus at a somewhat later
its floor, which suggests an original construction for date are illustrated by Kenna's identification of a
some form of storage, Pre-palatial layers down to grey steatite seal in Nicosia as a three-sided prism
Neolithic were identified. An account of the excava- of the north Cretan type with rectangular faces, dat-
tion of the Geometric quarter and of the Minoan able to the MM II or MM III A phase. This was
found in 1884 in the Ayia Paraskevi Tomb 14 excava-
ted by Ohnefalsch-Richter (Kypros, The Bible and
Homer, 1893, fig. 34, item v) with some Late Cypriot
but mainly Middle Cypriot pottery and a Baby-
lonian cylinder, assigned by Kenna to that phase of
the First Dynasty when cylinders were sometimes
engraved in the Mitannian style. The Syro-
Egyptian cylinder, also present, could be dated to
the early 17th century.
Hagia Triada. A trial excavation by the Italian
School, at a point about Ioo m. east of the Royal
Villa, where fragments of Minoan figurines had been
observed, located traces of a modest sanctuary and a
deposit of votive statuettes of the Petsofa type. They
include females with hands to the breasts as well as
males, some of the latter on bordered plaques sugges-
tive of vestigial shrines. From their rough quality
they are assigned to the period before the villa was
built.
The tholos tomb at 'Gligori Korifi' near Kamilari
about I km. south of the villa, which was excavated
in 1959 (Arch Reportsfor i959-6o, 19), has been pub-
FIG. 32
lished by D. Levi in Annuarioxxxix-xl.
Kephali. Reports of tomb-looting at this point
remains underlying it has just appeared (Annuario south of the village of Siva in the Mesara Plain, led
xxxix-xl, 397 f.). to the excavation by K. Davaras of an Early Minoan
The excavation of the remains of the surrounding tholos tomb about 350 m. in diameter. Though
town was continued at 'Chalara' on the south-east robbed, the tomb yielded a good quantity of frag-
slope of the Palace hill. Extending southwards more mentary pottery (Kathimerini, i6th February,
of a substantial LM house with magazines containing Inatos. An unknown cave-shrine richly furnished1963).
pithoi was found, overlying remains of a predecessor with votives ranging from the Protogeometric to the
of the Proto-palatial period. The house was in part Archaic period was brought to notice as a result of
covered by a successor assigned to the Mycenaean illicit excavations, on the South coast across the
re-occupation that immediately followed the destruc- Asterouseia Mountains from Kastelliana. Subse-
tion with which the era of the palaces ended. Here, quent excavations by N. Platon and K. Davaras
as in the area of the Palace, structures of Hellenistic uncovered many terracotta figurines, some of them
date were also found, belonging to two building illustrating the survival of Minoan traditions, as well
periods, the second of which began following an earth- as objects of bronze and faience, small vases, sealstones
quake and ended with the final destruction of Phaistos and gold ornaments. Much of the looted material
by Gortyna. A report on the first campaign in this was also located and confiscated. An inscription
'Chalara' area has been published by the excavator indicates a cult of Eileithyia and confirms Guarducci's
(Annuario,xxxix-xl, 437 f.). identification of the adjoining settlement site as
Detailed examination of the Phaistos sealings Inatos (Kathimerini, I5th June and I5th September,
(Annuarioxxxv-xxxvi, 57 f.) has suggested to V. E. G. I962).
Kenna that they are representative of seal use in MM Tylissos. A hill sanctuary of the beginning of the
Middle Minoan period on the edge of a rocky height from that of the Palace, the presence of a North Court
near the village has been excavated by S. Alexiou. was confirmed. Of Proto-palatial date and larger
The ritual hearth was found and, among the ashes, than any in Crete outside Knossos, this court is
male and female clay idols with elaborate head- regarded as the Agora, the significance of which for
dresses, as well as bulls and cups (Kathimerini, 27th the political life of the Minoan city the excavator has
March, 1962). discussed in Revue Historique 1963, I f. Fronting on
Mallia. H. van Effenterre resumed the French the east side of the North Court is a later facade of
School excavations in the area of the Hypostyle Crypt excellent construction, comparable to the west facade
of the Palace. This is possibly of LM III date in
view of some late pottery found in its neighbourhood
and perhaps forms part of a reconstruction on an
adjoining site of the Palace destroyed in LM I A.
A fourth report (Etudes Critoises xii), devoted to the
south border of the Palace, the West Court and the
group of houses to the south, was published in I962.
Palaikastro. After a long interval the British School
resumed excavations at Palaikastro under the direc-
tion of H. Sackett and M. Popham, with the purpose
of establishing a stratigraphical check on the rich
material from the campaigns of 1902-o6.
New material was obtained from several of the
significant periods, though in stratigraphical contexts
of unequal quality. The principal area tested lies
a short way along the main street to the west of the
earlier excavations (see plan in BSA Suppl. i
(I923)
FIG. 33 pl. i). Here part of a house fronting on the street
was cleared, including an entrance hall with double
north-west of the Palace. To the north of this doors, a stone stairway, several smaller compartments
complex and on the same alignment, which differs and two storerooms with pithoi in position (Fig.
33)-
FIG. 34
32 A. H. S. MEGAW
The house was destroyed by severe fires in the LM I B of LM III A pottery. From this same trial came a
period, and these two storerooms, which may prove good sample of LM I A, some LM I B pottery from a
to belong to two adjacent houses, were particularly burnt destruction level, and a sealed deposit of MM
productive in finds, preserved as they had fallen, III pottery; this was probably rubbish swept out from
below the mud-brick debris. Noteworthy are a a major building with cut blocks identified in this
marine style stirrup-jar (Fig. 34), a rhyton with a trial, against which additions were afterwards made.
handle in the form of an agrimi head and with A small test made inside this building indicated that
floral decoration (Fig. 35), a vase in the shape of a it was thoroughly stripped during re-occupation.
beetle, a finely decorated bowl imported from Knossos An attempt was made to reach the earlier and lower
(Fig. 36), a necklace with beads and heart-shaped deposits in or close to the previously excavated area.
FIG. 36
A test to the south of Room F 22 produced a mass of

MM pottery from a deposit more than 2 50 m. in
depth, apparently dumped there in LM I A. The
latest material, LM III C, came from re-examination
of the remains on Kastri, which were trenched in the
earlier excavations.
Simultaneously the clearing-up of those parts of the
previously excavated areas which had been left open
was put in hand, particularly in Block B and the main
street. These had become thoroughly derelict and
features shown on the original excavators' plans could
only be identified with difficulty. Two small test
FIG. 35 were made in the course of cleaning Block B, and
several new architectural features were brought to
pendants in crystal, amethyst, steatite and other light. An LM I haematite sealstone was found
stones, a steatite lamp and two cups, and two frag- during these operations. It is hoped that this process
mentary bronze vessels. In the inner rooms were of clearing-up the visible remains both in the main
two stone stands for double axes, and a small 'horns of area and on Kastri will be completed in 1963.
consecration' which must have fallen from a house Kato Zakro. In a second campaign, on a larger
shrine on the upper floor. It is uncertain whether scale, N. Platon (A.S.) resumed his excavations in the
the house had its main room to the rear of the entrance Minoan town site. Further investigations of the
room, where a terraced field wall and a consider- well-constructed Building I (Fig. 37) where the walls
able depth of soil impeded further excavation. The in some places stand 3 m. high, has confirmed its
remains uncovered lay close beneath the surface in importance and revealed further store-rooms filled
LM I B destruction fill. A small test through the with pithoi, as well as a splendid series of painted
floor produced a scatter of EM III sherds. pithos-amphorae. In all some 900 vases were found
Trials in outlying areas were less productive. In in the building, of which only about one quarter has
particular the slopes above Kephalaki (see plan in been excavated. The high quality of many of the
BSA x (1903-4) pl. 4), where megalithic walls had vases as well as the character of the other finds, which
attracted attention, were shown to be barren. included a group of six copper ingots like those from
A trial put down about half way between the main Hagia Triada and four elephant tusks, seem to have
town area (as previously excavated) and Sarantari justified the hopes that this was a palace. The pottery
(BSA viii (1901-2) pl. 15), produced a certain amount ranges from MM III B to LM I A; it includes a large
KTHPIONr
KATO ZAKPOY IHTEIAAH---......
4 2 4~M
TN
r S
TOMHAA'
FIG. 37
series painted in the Marine Style and others which numerous vases buried in its destruction all indicate
in their formalised decoration foreshadow the that this was the house of a prosperous citizen. In all
Knossos Palace Style. The wealth of objects found, three areas the buildings were simultaneously
some of which had fallen from the upper floor of the destroyed, perhaps by earthquake, in the LM I B
building, bears witness to a general destruction, which period (ca. 1500 B.C.).
appears to have been accompanied by fire. Apodoulou. At this village south-east of Rethymnon
Two buildings in another area (A-D), which were and about 400oo m. north of the megaron discovered by
not aligned, were inferior in preservation and in their S. Marinatos, K. Davaras excavated an almost com-
contents. A wine vat and loom weights discovered plete LM III tholos tomb some 3 m. in diameter.
in one of them indicate that it was used as a workshop. Above the door lintel, in place of the usual relieving
In yet a third area (B-E) the greater part of a large triangle, is a rectangular opening covered by a
house fronting a stepped street has been excavated. second lintel. The four terracotta sarcophagi in the
Its facades, constructed of well-fitting dressed stone, tomb had been looted in antiquity (Kathimerini, I6th
its well-stocked store rooms, its vats and bins and the February, 1963).
Athens A. H. S. MEGAW

Archaeology in Greece 1962-1963

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Archaeology in Greece 1962-1963

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Archaeology in Greece, 1962-63

the Early Byzantine architectural members existing

r : : •? IIZ .,, 3.•

In 1962, Travlos, assisted by M. Anagnostopoulos exposed by levelling operations. It contained three

small and the range of colour is augmented by the use

Mycenae: Acropolis. G. Mylonas (A.S.) resumed

Myc. III C period in this area seems to have

studied. It is reported to indicate that they were

by the remains of sacrifices and offerings. The rich

by the associated finds. Among these was a large

CENTRAL GREECE AND EUBOEA

Thebes. The opening of the new museum on 9th

filled-in. Argissa-Magula. The first volume of the final

A test to the south of Room F 22 produced a mass of

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