Chemistry 30AP Electrochemistry Workbook: Net Ionic Equations

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Chemistry 30AP
Electrochemistry Workbook
Net Ionic Equations
For each of the following reactions, write and label the half reactions and the net ionic
equation.
1. Fe(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq)  Cu(s) + Fe(NO3)2(aq)
2. Mg(s) + 2 NaCl(aq)  2 Na(s) + MgCl2(aq)
3. 3 Ag(s) + Al(NO3)3(aq)  Al(s) + 3 AgNO3(aq)
4. 2 Al(CH3COO)3(aq) + 3 Sn(s)  3 Sn(CH3COO)2(aq) + 2 Al(s)
5. Cl2(g) + CaI2(aq)  I2(s) + CaCl2(aq)
Predicting Redox Reactions

For each of the following situations, determine the net redox reaction and state the spontaneity:
1. Aqueous solutions of tin (II) bromide and iron (III) nitrate are mixed.
2. A laboratory technician stores an aqueous solution of iron (III) chloride in a nickel plated
container.
3. A chemistry teacher demonstrates the test for bromide ions by bubbling some chlorine gas
cautiously through a sodium bromide solution.
4. Acidified potassium dichromate is added to a solution of tin(II) sulphate.
5. A solution of nickel(II) nitrate is stored in a copper container.
6. Solid sulphur is placed in sulphuric acid.
7. Hydrogen peroxide is slowly poured into a beaker of cobalt(II) bromide.
8. Solutions of sodium dichromate, sodium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide are mixed in a
beaker.
9. Sodium metal is added to some water in a typical demonstration of the reactivity of the
alkali metals.
10. Iron is used in an environment (eg. ocean water) containing aqueous magnesium chloride.
Chem 30 Electrochemistry Workbook 1

11. A student uses hydrobromic acid to acidify a potassium dichromate solution for later use as
an oxidizing solution.
12. Two students attempt to etch their initials on a copper plate using hydrochloric acid.
13. An iron bolt is exposed to air and water, a reaction which causes millions of dollars of
damage each year.
14. A student uses copper electrodes to test the conductivity of a nitric acid solution.
15. An acidic solution of potassium dichromate is mixed with and aqueous solution of
hydrogen peroxide.
Redox Stoichiometry
1. A 2.75 g piece of aluminum is placed in 250 mL of iron(III) nitrate solution. Assuming
that the reaction reaches endpoint, calculate the concentration of the Fe3+(aq) ions.
2. If 6.00 mol/L nitric acid is poured into a beaker containing 50.0 mL of 1.50 mol/L
hydrogen peroxide, what volume of acid is needed to reach endpoint?
3. If 30.0 mL of acidic dichromate ion solution is poured into a beaker containing 50.0 mL of
0.400 mol/L tin(II) nitrate, calculate the dichromate ion concentration and the Sn4+(aq)
concentration.
4. Bromine can be obtained by bubbling chlorine gas through sea water. The concentration of
bromide ions in sea water is 0.00020 mol/L. What mass of chlorine gas is needed to
oxidize all the bromide ions in 1000 L of water?
5. Copper (II) nitrate can be produced by reacting copper metal with concentrated nitric acid.
What volume of 15 mol/L nitric acid is needed to react with 12.7 g of copper?
6. The copper (II) ions in a solution can be converted to copper metal by trickling the solution
over iron. The reaction produces iron (II) ions from the scrap iron. If the process produces
25 L of solution containing 0.0020 mol/L of Fe2+(aq) ions, what mass of copper is
produced?
7. In an experiment to analyze the iron in an iron ore sample, 0.05000 mol/L K2Cr2O7(aq) was
used in an acidic solution to oxidize Fe2+(aq) ions to Fe3+(aq) ions. Use the following data
to calculate the concentration of Fe2+(aq) in the solution:
volume of Fe2+(aq) solution………………………….25.0 mL
final buret reading (K2Cr2O7(aq))……………………48.7 mL
initial buret reading………………………………….3.7 mL
8. Another experiment was used to analyze the tin in a tin ore sample. The Sn2+(aq) ions in
an acidic solution were oxidized to Sn4+(aq) by a 0.200 mol/L KMnO4(aq) solution. Use
the following information to calculate the concentration of Sn2+(aq) in the solution.
volume of Sn2+(aq) solution………………………….10.0 mL
final buret reading (KMnO4(aq))…………………….39.3 mL
initial buret reading………………………………….1.8 mL

9. The following data were obtained from the titration of 24.0 mL of an acidified 0.200 mol/L
SnCl2(aq) solution with a KMnO4(aq) solution. Calculate the molar concentration of the
KMnO4(aq) solution:
Trial 1 Trial 2
final buret reading 20.41 mL 40.62 mL
initial buret reading 0.22 mL 20.41 mL
volume of KMnO4(aq) used
Order of Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

Use the following information to answer the next question.
In a laboratory, a student obtained the following results when testing, under standard
conditions, reactions between various metals and their corresponding ions.
W(s) X(s) Y(s) Z(s)

W (aq)
3+
 ×  
X2+(aq)    
Y2+(aq)    
Z (aq)
2+
× × × 
× denotes no reaction
 denotes a reaction
 denotes not tested
1. From the data above:

a. List the oxidizing agents from strongest to weakest
b. List the reducing agents from strongest to weakest
c. What do you notice about these two lists?
2. From the evidence following information, list the oxidizing agents from weakest to
strongest.
spont
Co(s) + Pd2+(aq)  Co2+(aq) + Pd(s)
spont
Pd(s) + Pt2+(aq)  Pd2+(aq) + Pt(s)
spont
Mg(s) + Co2+(aq)  Mg2+(aq) + Co(s)
3.

The following equations are interpretations of the evidence from the reactions of four
metals with various cation solutions. Arrange the four metallic ions and the hydrogen ion
in order of their decreasing tendency to react.
spont
Cd(s) + 2 H+(aq)  Cd2+(aq) + H2(g)
nonspont
Hg(l) + 2 H+(aq)  Hg2+(aq) + H2(g)
spont
Be(s) + Cd2+(aq)  Be2+(aq) + Cd(s)
nonspont
Ca2+(aq) + Be(s)  Ca(s) + Be2+(aq)
4. In an experiment, four metals were placed into test tubes containing various ion solutions.
Their resulting behaviour is communicated by the equations below. List the oxidizing
agents from strongest to weakest.
nonspont
Pt(s) + 2 H+(aq)  Pt2+(aq) + H2(g)
spont
2 Ce(s) + 3 Ni2+(aq)  2 Ce3+(aq) + 3 Ni(s)
spont
3 Sr(s) + 2 Ce3+(aq)  3 Sr2+(aq) + 2 Ce(s)
spont
Ni(s) + 2 H+(aq)  Ni2+(aq) + H2(g)
Metals and Metal Nitrates
A(s) B(s) C(s) D(s) E(s)
A(NO3)2(aq) B(NO3)2(aq) CNO3(aq) D(NO3)3(aq) E(NO3)3(aq)
C(s) in all solutions – no reactions

D(s) in only E(NO3)3(aq) and A(NO3)2(aq) – reaction and no reaction respectively
B(s) in all solutions – no reaction with A(NO3)2(aq)
5. Given the list of observations above, list the reducing agents from most reactive to least
reactive.

Oxidation Numbers
1. Find the oxidation number for the element in bold italic font:
a) H5IO6 b) IO3
a) I d) CO2
e) H2C2O4 f) C2H5OH
g) CO32 h) ClO
i) ClO2 j) ClO3
k) Cl2O2 l) CrO42
m) Cr2O72 n) CrO2
o) SO2 p) SO3
q) H2SO4 r) NO2
s) NO3 t) C5H5
2. For each of the following reactions, determine whether the element in bold type has
been oxidized, reduced, both oxidized and reduced (disproportionation) or neither:
a) Mg(s) + Fe2O3(s)  Fe(s) + MgO(s)
b) Na2CO3(s)  Na2O(s) + CO2(g)
c) C2H5OH(l) + O2(g)  CO2(g) + H2O(g)
d) H2SO4(aq) + KOH(aq)  HOH(l) + K2SO4(aq)
e) CH4(g) + O2(g)  CO2(g) + H2O(g)
f) Br2(l) + 2 OH−(aq)  Br−(aq) + BrO−(aq) + H2O(l)

Balancing Redox Half Reactions
Balance the following half reactions (pick 5 as acidic and 5 as basic):
1. IO3(aq)  I2(s)
2. S2O82(aq)  SO42(aq)
3. Cl2O2(aq)  Cl(aq)
4. TeO32(aq)  Te(s)
5. AsO2(s)  AsO43(aq)
6. SO32(aq)  SO42(aq)
7. Cl2(g)  ClO(aq)
8. NO(g)  N2O(g)
9. P4(s)  H2PO4(aq)
10. IO3(aq)  I(aq)
Balancing Redox Reactions – Half Reaction Method

Complete and balance the following redox reactions using the half-reaction method. Include
the net ionic equation in its simplified form.
1. H2C2O4(aq) + MnO4(aq)  Mn2+(aq) + CO2(g)
2. AsO33(aq) + BrO3(aq)  Br(aq) + AsO43(aq)
3. NH3(aq) + Cu2+(aq)  NO3(aq) + Cu+(aq)
4. Cr2O72(aq) + Sn2+(aq)  Cr3+(aq) + Sn4+(aq) + H2O(l)
5. MnO4(aq) + SO32(aq)  Mn2+(aq) + SO42(aq)
6. H2SO3(aq) + HIO3(aq)  H2SO4(aq) + HI(aq)
Balancing Redox Reactions – Oxidation Number Method

Complete and balance the following redox reactions using the oxidation number method.
Please use the lowest whole number ratio.
1. ___H+(aq) + ___S2(aq) + ___NO3(aq)  ___S(s) + ___NO(g) + ___H2O(l)
2. ___H+(aq) + ___MoO3(s) + ___Zn(s)  ___Mo2O3(s) + ___Zn2+(aq) + ___H2O(l)
3. ___H2O(l) + ___Al(s) + ___NO3(aq)  ___AlO2(aq) + ___NH3(aq) + ___H+(aq)
4. ___H+(aq) + ___ClO2(aq) + ___Fe(s)  ___Fe3+(aq) + ___Cl(aq) + ___H2O(l)
5. ___H+(aq) + ___Zn(s) + ___NO3(aq)  ___Zn2+(aq) + ___N2O(g) + ___H2O(l)
6. ___H+(aq) + ___Cl(aq) + ___Cr2O72(aq)  ___Cl2(g) + ___Cr3+(aq) + ___H2O(l)

Electrochemical Cells
Draw the following electrochemical cells and calculate the cell potential. Label the following:
-
- voltmeter
- anode
- cathode
- positive terminal
- negative terminal
- anode material
- cathode material
- electrolytes
- direction of electron flow
- direction of cation flow
- direction of anion flow
- reduction half-reaction
- oxidation half-reaction
- net reaction
- spontaneity
1. Zn(s) / Zn2+(aq) // Cu2+(aq) / Cu(s)

2. Zn(s) / Zn2+(aq) // Cd2+(aq) / Cd(s)
3. Cd(s) / Cd2+(aq) // Cu2+(aq) / Cu(s)
4. Cd(s) / Cd2+(aq) // Cr2O72(aq), Cr3+(aq), H+(aq) / C(s)
5. Zn(s) / Zn2+(aq) // MnO4(aq), Mn2+(aq), H+(aq) / C(s)
6. Cu(s) / Cu2+(aq) // Cr2O72(aq), Cr3+(aq), H+(aq) / C(s)
7. Zn(s) / Zn2+(aq) // Ag+(aq) / Ag(s)
8. Ni(s) / Ni2+(aq) // MnO4(aq), Mn2+(aq), H+(aq) / C(s)
Electrolytic Cells
For each of the following, determine the half-reactions and net reaction and the minimum
voltage required.
1. An aqueous solution of potassium sulphate is electrolyzed.
2. An aqueous solution of lead (II) nitrate is electrolyzed.
3. A solution of aqueous sodium bromide and aqueous zinc chloride are mixed in an
electrolytic cell using inert electrodes.
4. An aqueous solution of nickel (II) chloride is electrolyzed.
5. Electricity is passed through an aqueous solution containing sodium chloride,

potassium bromide, and lithium iodide.

Quantitative Study of Electrolysis
1. Over a period of 30.0 minutes, a nickel-cadmium battery supplied a current of 0.268 A to a
calculator. Calculate the charge supplied by the battery.
2. How many moles of electrons were supplied by an electrochemical cell producing a current
of 0.200 A for a period of one hour?

3. A transistor radio is turned on for two hours. The battery caused 0.500 mol of electrons to
flow. What was the average current supplied to the radio?
4. How many moles of electrons pass through a bulb when 8600 C of charge are supplied?
5. If a 5.00 A current flows from an electrochemical cell and 0.280 mol of electrons leave the
cell, how long was the cell in operation?
6. How long does it take a 0.500 A current to produce a charge of 5800 C?
7. Determine the amperage involved when 0.500 mol of electrons flow through a wire for
90.0 min.
8. An electrolytic cell containing molten chromium(III) chloride operated for 45.0 minutes. It
was found that the mass of molten chromium metal formed was 1.56 g. Calculate the
average current of the cell.
9. How long must a 0.250 A current run through an electrolytic cell containing a solution of
iron(III) nitrate, so that 8.37 g of iron(II) ions are produced?
10. When a 7.50 A current is passed through molten nickel(II) chloride for 1.40 hours, what
mass of solid nickel will collect on the cathode?
11. What is the average current required to produce 8.25 g of iodine at the anode of an
electrolytic cell containing a solution of tin(II) iodide, if the cell operates for 150 minutes?
12. If a 2.80 A current runs for 4.00 hours through a solution of zinc sulphate, what mass of
zinc solid will be produced?
13. If 9.72 g of magnesium was formed in an electrolytic cell using a current of 0.600 A, how
long did the cell operate?
14. Determine the mass of magnesium deposited at the cathode of a molten MgCl2 electrolytic
cell if 10.0 A flow through the cell for 9.65 h.
15. An electroplating firm wishes to plate 12.7 g of copper from a Cu(NO3)2(aq) solution onto a
pair of baby shoes. If a 2.00 A current is used, calculate the time required. At which
electrode would the shoes be attached?
16. If 76 g of fluorine are required, what current would have to flow for 10 h to produce the
fluorine from molten NaF? At which electrode could this reaction occur?
17. If a current plates out 13.5 g of aluminum, what mass of magnesium would be plated out in
the same time by the same current?

At the Wascana Gas Plant in Balzac, Alberta, environmental and economic concerns
have resulted in the development of an efficient process for the removal of sulphur
from sour gas, which is a mixture of hydrocarbons and H2S(g). In the first step of the
process, one-third of the H2S(g) reacts with O2(g) to produce SO2(g). In the second step of
the process, the SO2(g) produced reacts with the remaining H2S(g) to form elemental
sulphur and water.
Step I 2 H2S(g) + 3 O2(g)  2 H2O(g) + 2 SO2(g)

Step II 2 H2S(g) + 2 SO2(g)  2 H2O(g) + 3 S(s)
Overall Equation: 2 H2S(g) + O2(g)  2 H2O(g) + 2 S(s)
1. As H2S(g) forms S(s), the oxidation number of sulphur

A. changes from 0 to 2 and sulphur is reduced
B. changes from 2 to 0 and sulphur is oxidized
C. decreases by 2 and hydrogen sulphide acts as the reducing agent
D. stays the same because the sulphur is neither oxidized nor reduced
U3+(aq) + La(s)  La3+(aq) + U(s)

Y3+(aq) + U(s)  no reaction
Y3+(aq) + La(s)  La3+(aq) + Y(s)
2. The oxidizing agents above, listed from strongest to weakest, are

A. U3+(aq), La3+(aq), Y3+(aq)
B. U3+(aq), Y3+(aq), La3+(aq)
C. Y3+(aq), U3+(aq), La3+(aq)
D. U(s), Y(s), La(s)

A farmer noticed a white substance around the scratches on his zinc-coated steel
grain bins. His daughter, who had just completed Chemistry 30, correctly told him
that the zinc was being oxidized.
3. In the process of being oxidized, the zinc

A. gained electrons to produce more Zn(s)
B. lost electrons and became Zn2+(aq)
C. gained protons to produce Zn2+(aq)
D. lost protons and became Zn(s)
4. The oxidation number of chromium in Na2Cr3O10(s) is

A. +6
B. +18
C. +1
D. +20
E.
A student used an acidified 6.3110-2 mol/L KMnO4(aq) solution to titrate 25.0 mL

samples of Fe2+(aq) solution of unknown concentration. In the reactions, the Fe2+(aq)
ion was oxidized to the Fe3+(aq) ion. The student completed five trials and
summarized the data in a table.
Trial Number 1 2 3 4 5
Final Buret Reading 17.55 35.65 26.40 42.65 16.85
(mL)
Initial Buret Reading 0.30 17.55 10.05 26.40 0.55
(mL)
Final Colour purple purple pink pink pink
5. According to the student’s data, the concentration of Fe2+(aq) is

A. 0.206 mol/L
B. 0.218 mol/L
C. 0.213 mol/L
D. 0.223 mol/L

Electroplating Cell
Numerical Response
1. Use the numbers that identify the parts of the electroplating cell in the diagram above to
complete the statements below.
The cathode is identified by ____________ (Record in the first column)

The electron movement is identified by ____________(Record in the second column)
The cation movement is identified by ____________(Record in the third column)
The anion is identified by ____________(Record in the fourth column)
(Record your answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet)
The following are materials used by Chemistry 30 students in laboratory work.
1 electrodes 5 thermometer
2 insulated containers 6 electrolytes
3 pH paper 7 external circuit
4 porous boundary 8 buret
Numerical Response
2. The materials necessary to construct and operational voltaic cell are, in numerical order,
______, ______, ______, and ______.
(Record your four-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet)

Use the following information to answer the next two questions.
Restorers of antique cars often refinish chrome-plated parts by electroplating them.

The part is attached to one electrode of an electrolytic cell in which the other electrode
is lead. The electrolyte is a solution of dichromic acid, H2Cr2O7(aq).
6. The plating of chromium metal will take place at the

A. anode where oxidation occurs
B. anode where reduction occurs
C. cathode where oxidation occurs
D. cathode where reduction occurs
7. A metal that will react spontaneously with Cr3+(aq) in a chromium-plating solution is

A. aluminum
B. cadmium
C. lead
D. tin
8. The voltage of an electrochemical cell is +0.20 V. If one of the half-reactions is the

reduction of Cu2+(aq), then the other half-reaction that occurs could be
A. 2 I(aq)  I2(s) + 2 e
B. S(s) + 2 H+(aq) + 2 e  H2S(aq)
C. H2S(aq)  S(s) + 2 H+(aq) + 2 e
D. I2(s) + 2 e  2 I(aq)

A chromium electroplating cell needs to operate at a current of 2000 A to plate 112 g

of chromium onto a car bumper.
Numerical Response
3. In order to plate the bumper, the number of moles of chromium(II) ions that must react in
the cell is _________________ mol.
(Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet)
Use your recorded answer for Numerical Response 3 to answer Numerical Response 4*.
Numerical Response
4. In order to plate the bumper, the cell must operate for ______________ min.
*You can still receive marks for this question even if the previous question was answered incorrectly.
Some car manufacturers have designed an anticorrosion system that sends a weak
electric current from the battery to the frame of the car. The current provides a source
of electrons, which reduces corrosion of the steel frame.
9. Which of the following methods could not be used as an alternative to the method of
corrosion prevention described above?
A. Galvanize the steel frame with zinc.

B. Coat the steel frame with inert plastic polymers.
C. Use a paint that prevents contact of the steel frame with the environment.
D. Bolt sacrificial anodes made of copper to the steel frame.

The diagram above provides a representation of the process of electrolysis.
10. Which of the following statements describes what happens during the operation of this
cell?
A. Chemical energy is converted to electrical energy.

B. Electrical energy is converted to chemical energy.
C. Electrons flow toward the anode.
D. Plating takes place at the anode.
2 RhCl63+(aq) + 3 Zn(s)  3 Zn2+(aq) + 2 Rh(s) + 12 Cl(aq) Enet = +1.20 V
Numerical Response
5. The standard electrode potential for the half-reaction
RhCl63+(aq) + 3 e  Rh(s) + 6 Cl(aq) is +/_________ V.

Use the following information to answer the next four questions.
Concern about increased air pollution and the increasing use of non-renewable
resources has accelerated research into alternatives to the internal combustion engine.
One alternative is a battery-powered electric motor. Several “new” efficient batteries
are being tested. The diagram below represents one of these batteries.
Aluminum-Air Battery
11. In this aluminum-air battery, the O2(g) acts as the

A. reducing agent and gains electrons
B. reducing agent and loses electrons
C. oxidizing agent and gains electrons
D. oxidizing agent and loses electrons
12. The reduction half-reaction for this aluminum-air battery is

A. 2 H2O(l) + 2 e  H2(g) + 2 OH-(aq)
B. Na+(aq) + e  Na(s)
C. O2(g) + 4 H+(aq) + 4 e  2 H2O(l)
D. O2(g) + 2 H2O(l) + 4 e  4 OH(aq)
Use the answer selected for Multiple Choice 12 to answer Multiple Choice 13.*
13. The standard voltage produced by this aluminum-air cell is
A. +2.36 V
B. +2.06 V
C. +0.83 V
D. 1.05 V
*You can receive marks for this question even if the previous question was answered incorrectly.

Use your recorded answer for Multiple Choice 13 to answer Numerical Response 6.*
Numerical Response
6. When three aluminum-air cells are connected in series, the net voltage generated by the
battery is +/ _______________ V.
Electronic hobbyists often “etch” circuit boards. In this process, unwanted copper foil
is removed from a copper-clad plastic circuit board by immersing the board in a bath
of iron(III) chloride solution. The equation for the net reaction is
Cu(s) + 2 Fe3+(aq)  Cu2+(aq) + 2 Fe2+(aq)
14. In the reaction above, in which the unwanted copper foil is removed,
A. copper ions are reduced
B. copper atoms are oxidized
C. iron(II) ions act as the oxidizing agent
D. iron(III) ions act as the reducing agent
15. Which of the following statements and corresponding net voltages are correct for this
reaction?
A. It is a spontaneous reaction with an Enet = +0.43 V.
B. It is a spontaneous reaction with an Enet = +1.11 V.
C. A power supply is required because the Enet = 0.43 V.
D. A power supply is required because the Enet = 1.11 V.

ICCP (Impressed Current Cathodic Protection) is a corrosion prevention technique

that is used to protect buried metal structures. A low-voltage current (electron flow) is
applied to the buried metal structure such that only reduction reactions can occur at its
surface.
Numerical Response
7. The ground water surrounding the buried metal structure may contain the following ions.
1 Pb2+(aq)
2 Fe2+(aq)
3 Fe3+(aq)
4 Cd2+(aq)
The order in which these ions are reduced on the surface of the metal structure is ______,
______, ______ and ______.
16. If the electrochemical cell Cd(s) / Cd2+(aq)//Ag+(s) /Ag(s) produces a 6.00 A current for
2.00 h, the mass change of the anode will be a
A. 25.2 g decrease
B. 2.25 g increase
C. 48.3 g decrease
D. 48.3 g increase
Numerical Response
8. If the direct current power supply produces a steady 3.50 A current, then the time required
to deposit 0.100 g of purified copper is ________ s.

Use the following information to answer the next three questions.
A student dipped 12.50 g strips of four different metals, Ag(s), Cu(s), Pb(s), and
Mg(s), into a beaker containing 250 mL of 1.00 mol/L HCl(aq) in order to determine
an activity series. One of the metals reacted immediately and vigorously with the
acid.
17. The balanced net-ionic equation for the first reaction that occurred is
A. 2 Ag(s) + 2 H+(aq)  H2(g) + 2 Ag+(aq)
B. Cu(s) + 2 H+(aq)  H2(g) + Cu2+(aq)
C. Pb(s) + 2 H+(aq)  H2(g) + Pb2+(aq)
D. Mg(s) + 2 H+(aq)  H2(g) + Mg2+(aq)
Numerical Response
9. The electrical potential for this reaction is +/ ___________ V.
Numerical Response
10. The mass of metal that reacted with the hydrochloric acid is _________ g.

Voltaic cells are used as portable sources of electrical energy. One common cell is the
rechargeable nickel-cadmium cell.
The equation representing the discharge of this cell is

NiO2(s) + Cd(s) + 2 H2O(l)  Cd(OH)2(s) + Ni(OH)2(s)
18. The oxidation half-reaction for the discharge of this cell is

A. Cd(s) + 2 OH(aq)  Cd(OH)2(s) + 2 e
B. NiO2(s) + 2 H2O(l) + 2 e  Ni(OH)2(s) + 2 OH(aq)
C. NiO2(s) + 2 H2O(l)  Ni(OH)2(s) + 2 OH(aq) + 2 e
D. Cd(s) + 2 OH(aq) + 2 e  Cd(OH)2(s)
19. In this system, the strongest oxidizing agent is

A. NiO2(s)
B. Cd(s)
C. Cd(OH)2(s)
D. H2O(l)

Copper can be refined (purified) using an apparatus like the one shown below, which
is a small-scale version of an industrial apparatus.
20. In this electrochemical cell, the purified copper sheet acts at the
A. anode and is the site where SO42(aq) ions are oxidized
B. cathode and is the site where SO42(aq) ions are reduced
C. anode and is the site where Cu2+(aq) ions are oxidized
D. cathode and is the site where Cu2+(aq) ions are reduced

A voltaic cell capable of lighting a small light bulb can be made by placing copper and
zinc strips in a lemon.
Numerical Response
11. Identify the part of the voltaic cell, as numbered above, that corresponds to each of the
descriptors listed below.
Anode ______________ (Record in the first column)
Cathode ______________ (Record in the second column)
Electron flow ______________ (Record in the third column)
Electrolyte ______________ (Record in the fourth column)
A particular voltaic cell is represented by

Ag(s) / Ag+(aq) // Cr2O72(aq), Cr3+(aq), H+(aq) / C(s)
21. The net ionic equation for this voltaic cell is

A. 6 Ag(s) + Cr2O72-(aq) + 14 H+(aq)  6 Ag+(aq) + 2 Cr3+(aq) + 7 H2O(l)
B. 6 Ag+(aq) + Cr2O72-(aq) + 14 H+(aq)  6 Ag(s) + 2 Cr3+(aq) + 7 H2O(l)
C. Ag(s) + Cr2O72-(aq) + 14 H+(aq)  Ag+(aq) + 2 Cr3+(aq) + 7 H2O(l)
D. Ag+(aq) + Cr2O72-(aq) + 14 H+(aq)  Ag(s) + 2 Cr3+(aq) + 7 H2O(l)

Hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells have been used for years in spacecraft and more recently
in small-scale power plants to generate electricity. Now, some governments and
companies are working together to perfect this type of fuel cell for automobile use,
and experiments are currently being conducted with operational prototypes. A
diagram of a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is shown below.
Numerical Response
12. In the diagram above, the anode, the cathode, the electrolyte, and a product of the reaction
are labelled, respectively, _______, _______, _______, and ______.
The sodium metal in television picture tubes reacts with oxygen that would otherwise
oxidize the tungsten and phosphorus found in the tubes. Tungsten and phosphorus are
vital to the function of picture tubes.
Numerical Response
13. The mass of sodium that will react when 0.350 mol of electrons is transferred is
________ g.

An Electrochemical Cell
Numerical Response
14. A student attempted to replicate a traditional Daniell Cell by setting up the electrochemical
cell shown above. Under standard conditions, the electrical potential of the cell should be
+/ __________ V.
Numerical Response
15. Under standard conditions, hydrogen gas reacts with Au3+(aq) ions to produce Au(s). The
net cell potential for the reaction is +/ __________ V.

In a laboratory, a student obtained the following results when testing, under standard
conditions, reactions between various metals and their corresponding ions.
Ga(s) Fe(s) Zn(s) Mg(s)

Ga3+(aq)  ×  
Fe2+(aq)    
Zn2+(aq)    
Mg2+(aq) × × × 
× denotes no reaction
 denotes a reaction
 denotes not tested
22. The reduction potential of Ga3+(aq) could be

A. 0.53 V
B. 1.41 V
C. +1.21 V
D. +1.92 V
Electrochemical Cell
23. For this cell, the potential is

A. +1.10 V
B. +0.42 V
C. 0.42 V
D. 1.10 V

Chemistry 30AP Electrochemistry Workbook: Net Ionic Equations

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1. Fe(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq)  Cu(s) + Fe(NO3)2(aq)

2. Mg(s) + 2 NaCl(aq)  2 Na(s) + MgCl2(aq)

3. 3 Ag(s) + Al(NO3)3(aq)  Al(s) + 3 AgNO3(aq)

4. 2 Al(CH3COO)3(aq) + 3 Sn(s)  3 Sn(CH3COO)2(aq) + 2 Al(s)

5. Cl2(g) + CaI2(aq)  I2(s) + CaCl2(aq)

Predicting Redox Reactions

4. Acidified potassium dichromate is added to a solution of tin(II) sulphate.

5. A solution of nickel(II) nitrate is stored in a copper container.

6. Solid sulphur is placed in sulphuric acid.

7. Hydrogen peroxide is slowly poured into a beaker of cobalt(II) bromide.

Chem 30 Electrochemistry Workbook 1

Chem 30 Electrochemistry Workbook 2

Order of Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

W(s) X(s) Y(s) Z(s)

1. From the data above:

Chem 30 Electrochemistry Workbook 3

Use the following information to answer the next question.

Metals and Metal Nitrates

A(s) B(s) C(s) D(s) E(s)

A(NO3)2(aq) B(NO3)2(aq) CNO3(aq) D(NO3)3(aq) E(NO3)3(aq)

C(s) in all solutions – no reactions

Chem 30 Electrochemistry Workbook 4

a) Mg(s) + Fe2O3(s)  Fe(s) + MgO(s)

b) Na2CO3(s)  Na2O(s) + CO2(g)

c) C2H5OH(l) + O2(g)  CO2(g) + H2O(g)

d) H2SO4(aq) + KOH(aq)  HOH(l) + K2SO4(aq)

e) CH4(g) + O2(g)  CO2(g) + H2O(g)

f) Br2(l) + 2 OH−(aq)  Br−(aq) + BrO−(aq) + H2O(l)

Chem 30 Electrochemistry Workbook 5

10. IO3(aq)  I(aq)

Balancing Redox Reactions – Half Reaction Method

Balancing Redox Reactions – Oxidation Number Method

Chem 30 Electrochemistry Workbook 6

1. Zn(s) / Zn2+(aq) // Cu2+(aq) / Cu(s)

1. An aqueous solution of potassium sulphate is electrolyzed.

2. An aqueous solution of lead (II) nitrate is electrolyzed.

4. An aqueous solution of nickel (II) chloride is electrolyzed.

5. Electricity is passed through an aqueous solution containing sodium chloride,

Chem 30 Electrochemistry Workbook 7

Chem 30 Electrochemistry Workbook 8

6. How long does it take a 0.500 A current to produce a charge of 5800 C?

Chem 30 Electrochemistry Workbook 9

Step I 2 H2S(g) + 3 O2(g)  2 H2O(g) + 2 SO2(g)

Overall Equation: 2 H2S(g) + O2(g)  2 H2O(g) + 2 S(s)

1. As H2S(g) forms S(s), the oxidation number of sulphur

Use the following information to answer the next question.

U3+(aq) + La(s)  La3+(aq) + U(s)

2. The oxidizing agents above, listed from strongest to weakest, are

Chem 30 Electrochemistry Workbook 12

3. In the process of being oxidized, the zinc

4. The oxidation number of chromium in Na2Cr3O10(s) is

Use the following information to answer the next question.

A student used an acidified 6.3110-2 mol/L KMnO4(aq) solution to titrate 25.0 mL

5. According to the student’s data, the concentration of Fe2+(aq) is

Chem 30 Electrochemistry Workbook 13

The cathode is identified by ____________ (Record in the first column)

(Record your answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet)

Use the following information to answer the next question.

The following are materials used by Chemistry 30 students in laboratory work.

Chem 30 Electrochemistry Workbook 14

Restorers of antique cars often refinish chrome-plated parts by electroplating them.

6. The plating of chromium metal will take place at the