Wisdom « Integrity + Excellence
v TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
Group members (from left): Lina, Sim Huan, Jilian, Christine, Melissa
Project 2: Building Services in Multi-Storey Buildings Involving
Public Use
Group 3
Tutor: Ar. Sateerah Hassan
Christine See Suk-Ching 0334180
Jillian Liow Shi Wen 0334045
Lina Tiong Yit Zhen 0334481
Melissa Yap Su Mae 0330675
Sim Huan 0334736 CONTENT
1
CONTENT
Abstract 7
2. Acknowledgement 8
3. Introduction to the New Pam Centre 9
4. Methodology 10
5. Limitation of Study
6. Fire Protection System
1. Introduction to Active & Passive Fire Systems 12
2. Active Fire Protection (Literature Review) 13
1. Fire Detection System
2. Fire Notification System
3. Fire Fighting System
3. Passive Fire Protection (Literature Review) 20
1. Means of Escape and Firefighter Access
2. Compartmentation
3. Fire Rated Building Materials
4. Active Fire Protection in the New PAM Centre 22
1. Fire Detection System
1.
2.
Addressable Smoke Detector
Heat Detector
2. Fire Notification System (Automatic & Manual)
Te
7 PF ON
6.
Fire Alarm Bell
Manual Call Point
Main Fire Alarm Panel
Fire Emergency Light
Fireman Switch
Voice Communication System
3. Fire Fighting Systems
1.
2.
3.
Dry Riser & Dry Hydrant System
Hose Reel System
Fire Extinguisher
THE NEW PAM CENTRE, BANGSAR ‘CONTENT
5. Passive Fire Protection in the New PAM Centre
1. Mean:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
is of Escape 50
Exits
Fire Escape Plan
Escape Travel Distance
Door Release Mechanism
Point of Assembly
2. Fire Fighter Access
1.
2:
Fire Appliance Access
Fire Fighting Shaft
3. Compartmentation
1.
2.
3.
4.
Fire Rated Wall
Fire Risk Areas
Fire Rated Door
Shaft
4. Building Materials
6.5.4.1.
6.5.4.2.
6.5.4.3
6.5.4.4
6.6 Conclusion
1. Mechanical Ventilation System
1. Introduction
2. UBBL Compliance
3. Basic Ventilation System (Literature Review)
Precast Concrete
Masonry
Steel
Aluminium
91
92
93
94
1. Types of Ventilation Systems
1.
a PF YN
‘THE NEW PAM CENTRE, BANG!
Spot Ventilation System
Exhaust Ventilation System
Supply Ventilation System
Balanced Ventilation System
Energy Recovery System 2. Components of Mechanical Ventilation Systems.
1. Fans
2. Filters
3. Ductwork
4. Fire Damper
5. Diffuser
4. Mechanical Ventilation Systems in PAM Centre
1. Spot Ventilation System
2. Air Handling Unit (AHU)
3. Propeller Fans
5. Conclusion
8. Air Conditioning System
1. Introduction
1. Components of Air Conditioning System
2. Literature Review
1. Operating Principles of Air Cooling
2. Refrigeration Cycle
3. Components of Refrigeration Cycle
4. Process of Refrigerant Cycle
3. Types of Air Conditioning Systems
4. Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) System
1. Types of Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Systems
5. Components of VRF in PAM Centre
1. Indoor Unit
1. Components of Indoor Unit
2. Outdoor Unit
1. Components of Outdoor Unit
3. Piping
6. Benefits of VRF
7. Air Handling Unit (AHU)
1. Components of AHU
2. AHU Cycle
8. Air Conditioning System in PAM Centre
9. Conclusion
‘CONTENT
100
104
105
107
110
111
113
117
118
121
127
SY NEW RAR. CENTRE, BANG@SAR_ $$ 9. Mechanical Transportation Systems
1. Introduction
2. UBBL Compliance
3. Standard Main Components (Literature Review)
1.
7.
oar won
Car
Hoistway
Counterweight
Machine/Drive System
Control System
Safety System
Buffer
4. Overview of Arrangement
5. Type of Lift and Specifications
1.
How does the lift work?
6. Components of a Lift
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Two Panels, Centre-Opening Doors
Buttons
Floor Indicator
Handrail
Fire Resistant Padding
7. Conclusion
10. Mechanical Parking System
1. Introduction
2. Types of Mechanical Parking System (Literature Review)
‘ft:
ea. ON
AGV System
Crane System
Puzzle System
Silo System
Tower System
Stack Parking System
‘CONTENT
128
129
130
133
134
135
136
138
139
140
SY NEW RAR. CENTRE, BANG@SAR_ $$ ‘CONTENT
3. Mechanical Parking System in PAM Centre 143
1. Safety Feature
2. Operation and Maintenance
4, Conclusion 145
11. Conclusion 147
12. References 149
1. Figure List
2. Diagram List
-END- 159
‘THE NEW PAM CENTRE, BANGSAR ABSTRACT
In a group of five students, this assignment aims to analyse the various building
services found in a medium-rise public building. We were given the task to conduct
an online research and observation of the chosen building, due to the Movement
Controlled Order (MCO) as of May-July 2020. The research is then compiled into a
thorough and detailed report, in which the building services looked into responses
to the codes of UBBL 1984.
Fire Protection System
Mechanical Ventil
Air-Conditioning System
Mechanical Transportation System
Mechanical Parking System*
Porn
*The New PAM Centre adopts a mechanical parking system. Hence we decided to
include it in our report as we believe that the mechanical parking system shows a
good representation of parking spaces in limited land area in the urban setting of
Kuala Lumpur.
The outcome of this assignment allows us to have further understanding of how
building services are constructed and implemented in the real world. Thus,
providing us an insight of an award-winning building, as well as gain in our
knowledge of the UBBL and MS1525 codes in which will benefit us in the future as
practising architects.
‘THE NEW PAM CENTRE, BANGSAR ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Under the assistance of lecturers and tutors, especially AR. Sateerah (tutor) and
TS. Rizal (lecturer) for the guidance and informative lectures. Co-operative
teamwork was present and carried throughout this entire assignment as we were
able to complete this report on schedule and have no conflict with one another.
As we were unable to conduct a physical site visit due to the virus outbreak, we
would like to thank staffs from the PAM Centre (Mrs. Madeline and Encik Adi) who
were willing to provide assistance through email, in which eased our data
collection.
Last but no least, our peers who are willing to share and discuss with us their
findings to promote better understanding for both parties and to also maintain a
good peer relationship during tough times. Hence, we would like to thank
everyone involved in this study.
Group members (from left):
Lina, Sim Huan, Jillian, Christine, Melissa
‘THE NEW PAM CENTRE, BANGSAR INTRODUCTION
Name: The New PAM Centre
Location: Jalan Tandok, Bangsar
Architect: Mohd Heikal Hasan of HMA & Associates
Completion Year: 2016
Certification: Platinum Award for Green Building Index that includes rainwater
harvesting system used for irrigation and sewage, a 25kWp photovoltaic system
that is generated through solar consumption and vertical greenery to maximise
usage of limited space.
Design: Exterior is a minimal grid design that promotes passive air ventilation
while the interior is industrial made from exposed brick walls, flat concrete slabs
and hidden steel columns.
‘THE NEW PAM CENTRE, BANGSAR SS wetHon Loc ann uration oF stuny
The project began by planning out a timeline for our study. Looking into literature
reviews of building services, then online referencing and data collection.
We contacted the staffs from PAM Centre as we were not able to visit physically.
And with that, tasks were then divided to each member to carry out their research
on their respective topic. The topics that were covered are fire protection systems,
mechanical ventilation, mechanical transportation, air conditioning system, and
mechanical parking system.
Data Collection was conducted via online, and we took reference from past case
studies and various websites. Once collected, the data was compiled into a report,
then presented in a clear and organized manner.
Due to the current virus outbreak and restricted orders, we are unable to conduct
a physical site visit of the chosen building. Therefore, we contacted Encik Adi and
Mrs. Madeline to help with our study.
One of the difficulties we encountered was the lack of published orthographic
drawings, luckily we were able to retrieve them through peers, and was able to
proceed with analysis and understanding of spaces and services through the floor
plans and sections.
SY NEW RAR. CENTRE, BANG@SAR_ $$ FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
6.0 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
Aatee System = Liew Thong, ian Liaw
ssive System - Christine See
THE NEW PAM CENTRE, BANGSAR ey FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
6.1 INTRODUCTION
Fire protection system are an effective safety and security measure that intends to protect human lives,
environments and preserve the material assets.
In any modem structures, it must be constructed in accordance with different building code and laws that is
in effect, such as UBBL 1984, when an application for a building permit is made. Once it is complete, the
building must be maintained in accordance with the respective building code and laws at all times.
There are two types of fire protection system:
(1) Active fire protection system:
-Manual and automatic fire protection systems such as fire notification system and fire fighting
system to a warning of an outbreak of fire and the containment and extinguishment of fire.
(1) Passive fire protection system:
-Must be considered at the planning design stage in the building design
-Selection of fire resisting materials to contain fire outbreak and spread of fire
INFLUENCE OF TRIANGLE OF NEEDS OF BUILDING DESIGN
The fire triangle represents what is needed for a fire to occur. All three
must be present at the same time
in order to sustain a fire. A fire will burn until one element is removed
The three elements are:
= Fuel = something to burn
- Oxygen = 21% is needed for optimum burning (that is what we
need to breathe)
- Heat = something hot enough to ignite the fuel
Diagram 6.1.1 Fire triangle showing all
necessary component for fire to occur
HOW FIRE SPREADS
(1) Convect
~The transfer of heat by the physical movement of hot masses of air. As air is heated, it expands
(1), Radiation:
-Radiant heat is transmitted to buildings or materials not shielded from fire
(1) Conduction:
- This type of heat transfer occurs inside materials, it can travel through partitions, floors, ceilings,
walls, to adjacent rooms.
THE NEW PAM CENTRE, BANGSAR_ ip ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
6.2 ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Active Fire Protection consists of the components of fire protection that require some kind of action to work.
This action may be manual, like using a fire extinguisher. Active systems usually kick in once the occupants
(and computerized systems) in the building are made aware that there is a fire, which allows people to
evacuate the building while the active systems keep the fire at bay until members of the fire service arrive.
However, AFP doesn't just incorporate fire suppression systems; fire detection systems also play a crucial
role in active fire protection. They are programmed to initiate a predetermined response to either smoke,
flames or heat when detected. Those responses include: turning on sprinklers, sounding an alarm, alerting
the authorities or automatically closing all fire doors. AFP system can be categorized in 3 types:
FIRE DETECTION Gt oul uel taal c)
Fireman Switch
Voice Communication
* Addressable © Fire Alarm Bell © Dry Riser & Dry
Smoke Detector Manual Call Point Hydrant System
© Heat Detector Main Fire Alarm Panel * Hose Reel System
«Fire Emergency Light Fire Extinguisher
Diagram 6.2.1. Overview of overall active fire protection at PAM Center (Lina Tiong, 2020)
6.2.1 FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM
A fire detection system uses a smoke detector to detect a fire before it actually starts. They receive a signal
from a fire sensor (smoke, heat or carbon monoxide detector) and automatically transmit it to the fire alarm
panel
Bad Nel aie ES i= DESCRIPTION
‘Smoke Detector A smoke detector is an electronic fire-protection device
that automatically senses the presence of smoke, as a
key indication of fire, and sounds a warning to building
occupants.
Figure 6.2.1.1 Smoke Detector
SY NEW RAR. CENTRE, BANG@SAR_ $$
13 ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
Baa olga eae ESL) DESCRIPTION
Heat detector activate when they detect high
temperatures or temperatures that are rising
unusually fast
A flame detector is a sensor designed to detect
and respond to the presence of a flame or fire,
allowing flame detection, include sounding an
alarm, deactivating a fuel line and activating a fire
suppression system. A flame detector can often
respond faster and more accurately than a smoke
or heat detector due to the mechanisms it uses to
detect the flame
Figure 6.2.1.3 Flame Detector
6.2.2. FIRE NOTIFICATION SYSTEM
The basic purpose of an fire notification system is to detect a fire in its early stages, may use audible,
visible, or other stimuli to alert the occupants of a fire or other emergency condition requiring action.
Brae ore Ua Dye ae)
Fire Alarm Bell Fire alarm bells used to produce public mode
signals (high sound pressure output) are
designed to notify everyone in a given area or
building of the alarm.
Figure 6.2.2.4 Fire Alarm Bell
Manual Call Point Manual call points are used to init
signal, and operate by means of a
press or when glass is broken revealing a button.
Figure 6.2.2.2 Manual Call Point
Main Fire Alarm Panel When a fire breaks out, the fire panel receives a
signal from smoke detectors, the fire sprinkler
system, a manual call point. This means it can't
detect the fire on its own, but it can respond to the
signals it gets from the systems that detect the
smoke, then making a loud noise and lighting up
to warn people of the fire, and may send a signal
to the fire department .
Figuro 6.2.2.3 Main Fire Alarm Panel
‘THE NEW PAM CENTRE, BANGSAR
14 ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
Fire Emergency Light Emergency lighting is lighting for an emergency
situation when the main power supply is cut and
normal electrical illumination fails. Emergency
lighting is normally required to operate fully
automatically and give illumination of a sufficiently
high level to enable all ocoupants to evacuate the
premises safely
Figure 6.2.2.4 Fire Emergency Light
Fireman Switch A fireman's switch is a specialized switch that
allows firefighters to quickly disconnect power from,
high voltage devices that may pose a danger in the
event of an emergency
Figure 6.2.2.5 Fireman Switch
Fireman Intercom Fireman intercom allows instant and effective
7 communication between firefighters, and also
allows firefighters to instantly change their plans to
fight a fire
EMERGENCY
Mery
Bes
DETECTOR
CV
[oro
PANEL,
a
(ols)
as
STATION
Pree
(rol UI or Uae)
aa
BRIGADE
a)
ET re)
a)
INTERCOM
EZ
Sus
loft om
ferel eol ht
Diagram 6.2.2.7 Overview offre detection system at main building of PAM Center (Feliciana Sofian, 2019)
THE NEW PAM CENTRE, BANGSAR, ir iS Ses
(SMOKE) bya iro)
no
fo) fea fo)}
Diagram 6.2.2.9 Fire detection system (Electrical Technology, 2019)
‘THE NEW PAM CENTRE, BANGSAR
Wy
eo
Ne
(oror]
role
Ne
for
CONTROL
Ne
ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
er
RELEASED
ey
RELEASED
16 6.2.3 FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
A fire fighting system aims to protect human life and property, strictly in that order. It is a system of
equipment used to prevent, extinguish, localize, or block fires in enclosed spaces. There are two types of
fire fighting system, which are water based system and non-water based system.
The water based fire system is used for fire scenarios where the main hazard is fire spread by thermal
radiation. An example of this is are fires at bulk facilities, as adjacent surface needs to be cooled down
from the radiated heat as soon as powerful even though the main fire source has been put out.
‘The non-water based system are fire suppression systems in which are often used in commercial and
industrial buildings as this system offers better protection for people and equipment in the facility, also
contributing to a lower cleaning up cost.
‘Common fire fighting systems that are found in Malaysia are fire hydrants, wet & dry riser system, sprinkler
& hose reel system, and last but not least the fire extinguisher
Baissea SUE)
Figure 6.2.3.3 Fire Hydrant
DESCRIPTION
‘Awet riser system is usually installed in taller
buildings in Malaysia for fighting fires. In many
places, a wet riser is mandatory for over 50-60
meters high there is not other way to maintain
water pressure at these heights to ensure
adequate flow to water when in need
As opposed to the wet riser system, the dry riser
system consists of a central main where is not
filled with water. It is intentionally left dried ad
only filled by fire fighter equipment when
necessary. Thus used for lower-tise buildings as
there will not be enough pressure for much higher
floors.
Also known as fire plugs, the fire hydrant is an
active fire protection device whereby firefighters
are able to access a local fire supply quickly
when needed by connecting a hose to release
large volume of water to fight the fire
SY NEW RAR. CENTRE, BANG@SAR_ $$
17 ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
Figure 6.2.34 Sprinkler
The fire sprinkler system is a water supply system
that is triggered when heat is detected. Most
sprinkler heads are filled with a glycerin-based
liquid that will expand when it comes in contact
with heat. As the glass shatter, the sprinkler that
is connected to a reliable source outside the
building is then activated to fight fire.
a A fire hose reel are available at strategic locations
{ of a building to ensure proper coverage in case of
a fire. A continuous and controllable supply of
: water is provided, and under no circumstances,
G occupants are to use a fire hose around oils,
petrols, fats or electricity as there is a risk of the
fire spreading. The hose reel system is also
Figuro 6.2.3.5 Hose Reel System
Figure 6.2.3.6 Fire Extinguisher
widely used in Malaysian schools.
The fire extinguisher is a portable active fire
protection device used to put out small fire in
case of emergency. A chemical substance is
projected from the extinguisher to calm the flame.
There are mainly 5 types of fire extinguishers in
Malaysia, as referenced from
Firefightingequipment my
‘THE NEW PAM CENTRE, BANGSAR
BT Roa cna ay
Red Stripe Air-pressurized water that is suitable only for Type A fires. Water will
spread grease, electrical and Class D fires.
Yellow Stripe Foam chemical extinguishers are designed for Type A and Type B
fires. This extinguisher has a limited ability to fight Type F fires.
Black Stripe CO2 Carbon Dioxide extinguishers are appropriate for Type B and E
fires. These extinguishers cannot be used in confined spaces
because the CO2 displaces the available oxygen.
Light Blue Stripe Dry powder fire extinguishers are the most versatile. They are rated to
combat Type A, B, C and E fires. While they have a limited ability to
fight Type F fires, they are not rated for Type D fires.
Dark Blue Stripe These special dry powder portable extinguishers are rated for only
‘Type D fires.
18 ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
Badge DESCRIPTION
jeneral trash
Flammable liquids (gasoline etc.)
Burning Gases (natural gas etc.)
Combustible metals (magnesium, titanium etc.)
Fire involving electrical equipment
Unsaturated oils and fats
‘THE NEW PAM CENTRE, BANGSAR
19 PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION
6.3 PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Passive Fire Protection is a fundamental component of fire protection which tends to be overlooked but
preferred over Active Fire Protection as it is always working which compared to the active fire protection
which requires some action to work. Passive Fire Protection system is a group of components used to
compartmentalize a building in order to keep a fire from spreading with less or no work required. This,
system is structurally built into the building as it allows people to have enough time to escape from a fire
spread in a building by having fire-resistant walls and floors. PFP systems must comply with the
associated listing and approval use and compliance in order to provide the effectiveness expected by
building codes. PFP system can be categorized in 3 types:
Peart eagreiany an eae)
Gs ot) Eire rc}
Daas
° Fire
© ExitPoints © Fire Rated Walls ~ Precast
© Fire Escape Appliance © Fire Risk Areas
Staircase Access Concrete
a + Fire Fighting © Fire Rated Door at lesson
Travel Shatt © Shaft © Steel
cae Aluminium
pane Cladding
© Point of
rea * Ceramic
Tiles
Diagram 6.3 Overview of overall passive fire protection at PAM Center (Chvistine See, 2020)
6.3.1 MEANS OF ESCAPE
Any alternative route or pathway that an individual can take to enter or leave the building safely during
any occurence of fire. Escape routes are clearly and visually stated through vertical and horizontal exits,
and fire escape staircases which guide the occupants directly towards to an exit point without any
obstacle in the way. A point of assembly will be found after exiting the building for people to gather
together after they have escaped the building,
UBBL 1884 Section 166 states that at least two separate exit routes shall be provided and accessible
from each floor together with other necessary additional exits. These exits are required to have no
obstruction or obstacles blocking the path in between, making it accessible.
UBBL 1884 Section 169 states that all fire evacuation and escape routes should be required to have a
consistent width along its travelling path from the exit on that particular floor to the final exit in order to
maintain the accessibility of the paths.
‘THE NEW PAM CENTRE, BANGSAR
20 6.3.2 FIRE FIGHTER ACCESS
Fire fighter access gives firefighters the opportunity to gain access extemally or from the outside into the
building to rescue any occupants that are being trapped in the enclosed space within the building with
the help of fire appliance access and fire fighting shaft
6.3.3. COMPARTMENTATION
Compartmentation is implemented in majority of the buildings to aim for the safety of occupants during a
fire, which allows them to escape as safely as possible without getting hurt or any injuries.
Compartmentation is being referred to as fire rated walls, fire rated doors, fire risk areas, shafts,
enclosed staircase etc. It is the division of the entire building into cells, and by separating one cell from
the other through fire rated walls assemble and fire rated doors.
A bigger and higher storey building has a greater importance of compartmentation as it generally takes a
longer time to escape from the building due to its large massing. The size of occupancy is another
important factor, as one staircase can only hold a limited amount of occupants at a given time for safety
reasons. Fire shutters are being used and operated in a large open space such as shopping malls, where
fire dampers are being used when there are ductworks passing through any fire rated walls.
6.3.4 FIRE RATED BUILDING MATERIALS
Fire resistance ratings of each material has their own different rate in which fire spread or any different
properties that may withstand heat and burn for a specific amount of time. These ratings are pre-
determined as per Ninth Schedule of the UBBL. Specific building typologies and their own required
minimum period of fire resistance with its dimensions are both stated in the UBBL as well.
Reinforced concret
a good fire resistance rated materials whereas most of the masonry types are
made out of stone or clay bricks. Fireproofing is required for structural steel as steel is very vulnerable
due to high thermal conductivity as it loses most of its strength at high temperatures. The three methods
of fireproofing steel are:
2) Cementitious Coating - Lightweight fireproofing retains advantage as it is an inexpensive raw material
without any problems in relation to extreme weight however it may brack following
fire events.
a) _ Intumescent Coating - Application of coating on steel expands rapidly by 25 times bigger due to extreme
heat to provide protection between flames and steel. No gap is created where moisture
can penetrate through and cause corrosion.
a) Dense Concrete - Inexpensive and able to withstand extremely high temperature. itis heavy and may form
‘cracks following any fire events,
‘THE NEW PAM CENTRE, BANGSAR
PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION
2 6.4 ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION IN PAM CENTRE
6.4.1
6.4.1.1
FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM
ADDRESSABLE SMOKE DETECTOR
Figure 6.4.1.1.1 Smoke detector in PAM Center
(Feliciana Sofian, 2019)
DIFFERENCES
Wiring System
PUTT TN eRe aero
Addressable smoke detector connects
devices using a loop, which is only 1
Wire connects all devices to the control
panel, both ends of the wire loop
connect to the control panel
Diagram 6.4.1.1.2 Addressable smoke detector
(Arindam Bhadra Fire Safety, 2018)
‘An addressable fire alarm system is made up of a series of
fire detectors and devices that are connected back to a
central control panel. With addressable systems, each
device has an address or location, enabling the exact
detector that was triggered to be quickly identified. This,
makes addressable alarm systems ideal for large buildings,
particularly commercial premises spread over a wide area.
Foley NLM
Parson fesd
Each device will be connected to the
control panel via its own wire. One end
of the wire will be touching the device
and another touching the control panel.
Diagram 6.4.1.1.3 Conventional smoke detector
(Arindam Bhadra Fire Safety, 2016)
Reliability
This system has a range of other
facilities that can help to save cost. It
monitors the air flow through the
smoke detectors to prevent the
occurence of false alarms, which can
be costly to a business.
More reliable
-If one device becomes disconnected,
it won't disabled the circuit
Cost a lot, less to buy, but expensive to
install, because it requires more wire
and more man hours during installation
phase.
Less reliable
-Ifa wire has become severed, the
device will become disconnected
Conclusion
When a fire is detected, the device's
address shows up on the main control
panel, enable us to find the exact
location of a fire and distinguish them
quickly.
‘THE NEW PAM CENTRE, BANGSAR
There is no way of pinpointing the
exact location of the fire, but get to
know the general idea of where the fire
is.
ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
There are two main types of smoke detectors: ionization smoke detectors and photoelectric smoke
detectors.
fol N ToT PHOTOELECTRIC
Sense the smoke See the smoke
Respond quicker to open fires Respond quicker to smoldering fires
Can create false alarm from cooking steam. Can create false alarm from dusty air
Frequent false alarm. Approximately 30% Few false alarm. Approximately eight times less
disconnected after 2 years from false alarms. false alarms than ionization
High failure rate Low failure rate
‘Smoldering fire: 55% failure Smoldering fire: 4% failure
Flaming fire : 20% failure Flaming fire : 4% failure
(Source: Texas A&M Study) (Source: Texas A&M Study)
Diagram 6.4.1.1.4 Comparison between ionization smoke detector and photoelectric detector (Lina Tiong, 2020 )
1) Ionization Smoke Detectors
This type of alarm uses a small amount of radioactive material to ionize an internal sensing chamber.
As a result, the air in the chamber becomes conductive permitting current to flow between two charged
electrodes. When smoke particles enter the chamber, the conductivity of the chamber air will decrease.
When this reduction in conductivity is reduced to a predetermined level, the alarm is set off.
1) Photoelectric Smoke Detectors
Unlike ionization detectors, these detectors use a light source and a light sensor to detect smoke. Once the
smoke enters the detection chamber, the smoke particles block the light beam and partially reflect light
onto the sensors. This in tum trips the alarm. Since many smoldering fires fill the room with dangerous
fumes and smoke way before progressing to the open-flame stage, these type of detectors tend to be
better at early detection.
The fire detection that used in PAM Center, is an addressable photoelectric smoke detector. With this
system, we can pinpoint exactly which device has been activated, and increase efficiency also extends life
safely .In PAM Centre, smokes detectors are placed in every room and corridors, also placed in control
rooms, such as electrical rooms which has high possibility of fire. The distance between every smoke
detectors are less than 10m away from one another.
THE NEW PAM CENTRE, BANGSAR| or ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
The diagram below shows the placement and installation of smoke detector:
SMOKE DETECTOR: spacing
CORRIDOR Sm WiDE
Aetectorson centeline
OPEN AREA,
Upto 2m ie cid
106x108 $ s
S1esam erat Er
Diagram 6.4.1.1.8 Smoke detectors spacing installed in the celling (Fire Detection and Alatm System, 2015)
UBBL 1984
Part VII: Fire Alarms, Fire Detection, Fire Extinguishment, and Fire Fighting Access
Section 225: Detecting and extinguishing fire
(1) Every building shail be provided with means of detecting and extinguishing fire and with fire
alarms together with illuminated exit signs in accordance with the requirements as specified in
the Tenth Schedule to these By-Laws.
Section 153: Smoke detectors for lift lobbies.
(1) Alllift lobbies shall be provided with smoke detectors.
(2) Lift not opening into smoke lobby shall not use door reopening devices controlled by light beam
or photo-detectors unless incorporated with a force close feature which after thirty seconds of
any interruption of the beam causes the door to close within a preset time.
o o e e a
LOWER GROUND PLAN (BASEMENT)
THE NEW PAM CENTRE, BANGSAR_§ $$$ 7. ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
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Diagram 6.4.1.1.6 Floor plans showing the location of smoke detectors (Feliciana Soflan, 2019) )
THE NEW PAM CENTRE, BANGSAR§ er ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
6.4.1.2 HEAT DETECTOR
Figure 6.4.1.2.1 Heat detector at generator room, PAM Centre
(Feliciana Sofian, 2019)
Heat Detectors are designed to sense temperature change cause by fire. Fire causes detrimental damage
to buildings. Detecting fire heat is very important to make sure a fire does not get out of control. Heat
detectors are mostly for buildings where the building is the main concer. Heat detection system must be
resistant to corrosion, and installed in where there is a electrical and mechanical machine.
PAM building is using rate of rise, spot heat detector, that is a single unit installed in the single location
throughout the protected area. Heat Detectors react to the change in temperature caused by fire. Once the
temperature rises above 57 C, the heat detector will send a signal to an alarm panel and trigger an alarm.
‘There are 2 types of heat detector: Fixed heat detector and rate of rise detector.
1) Fixed Heat Detector
It is designed to alarm at a set temperature. Fixed temperature heat detectors can suffer from thermal lag
when fires build quickly may alarm when the room temperature is higher than the set point. Once a fixed
heat detector is triggered due to high temperatures, it cannot be restored and will need to be replaced.
1) Rate of Rise Detector
When fires build quickly, the rate-ofrise compensation prevents thermal lag, allowing these detectors to
respond when their set point is reached and will send a signal to the alarm panel if the rise of temperature
is 8.3 C or more per minute. A rate of rise heat detector can be restored when it is triggered.
Normal Conditions Rate-of-rise response Fixed temperature response
Thermvstor Thermistor Fire detected on fast
parity ‘exposed to ait Increase of ambient
sealed trom temperature emperature
surrounding
Diagram 6.4.1.2.2 Illustrate Rate-of-Rise Response VS Fixed Temperature Response
(Naveen Alarm System India Pvt Ltd., 2017)
THE NEW PAM CENTRE, BANGSAR 7 ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
HEAT DETECTOR: spacing
(CORR OREM WIDE
‘OPENAREA Seectorsen cente ne
la
Upto am wide conider
¢ ¢
Diagram 6.4.1.2.3 Heat detectors spacing installed in the ceiling Fire Detection and Alarm System, 2015)
UBBL 1984
Part VII: Fire Alarms, Fire Detection, Fire Extinguishment, and Fire Fighting Access
Section 225: Detecting and extinguishing fire
(1) Every building shall be provided with means of detecting and extinguishing fire and with fire
alarms together with illuminated exit signs in accordance with the requirements as specified in
the Tenth Schedule to these By-Laws.
In PAM center, heat detections are installed in TNB, generator room,low voltage room where consist
many electrical and mechanical systems that can heat up and occur explosion, hence they are located
separately from the main building. Therefore each room have their own control panel.
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Diagram 6.4.1.24 Floor plan showing the locations of heat detectors (Lina Tiong, 2020)
‘THE NEW PAM CENTRE, BANGSAR 28 ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
6.4.2 FIRE NOTIFICATION SYSTEM
6.4.2.1 FIRE ALARM BELL
Figure 6.4.24.4
alarm at PAM Centre (Feliciana Sofian, 2019)
Fire alarm bells can be automatically triggered by smoke detectors and heat detectors or can also be
triggered by manual fire alarm activators such as manual call points or pull stations. Once it is activated,
the alarm makes a loud, high pitched sound to notify people that there is a fire in the building. Audible-
visual signal to alert the occupants of the building and local fire department is also initiated.
- Product: DEMCO
Produced by DEMCO INDUSTRIES SDN BHD
It is well proven high reliability, has loud and clear ringing tone, low current consumption, wide operating
voltage range, zero standby current as well as interchangeable base
There are 2 types of fire bell: Continuous bell and single stroke bell
1) Continuous Bells
Continuous bells produce a continuous bell ringing sound as long as power is applied.{t is applicable for
general signaling purposes, including industrial process supervision, material handling systems, and
other life safety and warning systems.
1) Single Stroke Bells
When power is applied, single stroke bells emit one strike (tone), and do not repeat until power is
removed and reapplied. Particularly applicable to coded systems including office, paging and schools is a
single stroke bell.
PAM Building is using DEMCO Continuous Bells due to higher sound level output. Based on Law of
Malaysia Uniform Building, the fire bell alarm must produce at least 65dB noise level or 5dB above the
ambient noise level.
UBBL 1984
Part VII: Fire Alarms, Fire Detection, Fire Extinguishment, and Fire Fighting Access
Section 237: Fire Alarms
(1) Fire alarms shall be provided in accordance with the Tenth Schedule to these By-laws.
(2) All premises and buildings with gross floor area excluding car park and storage areas exceeding
9290 square metres or exceeding 30.5 metres in height shall be provided with a two-stage alarm
system with evacuation (continuous signal) to be given immediately in the affected section of the
premises while an alert (intermittent signal) be given in adjoining section.
(8) Provision shall be made for the general evacuation of the premises y action of a master control.
THE NEW PAM CENTRE, BANGSAR_ 2 ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
LOWER GROUND PLAN (BASEMENT)
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FOURTH FLOOR PLAN
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Diagram 6.4.2.1.2 Floor plans showing the locations of fie alarm bells (Feliciana Sofian, 2019) )
‘THE NEW PAM CENTRE, BANGSAR 31 ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
6.4.2.2, MANUAL CALL POINT
Figure 6.4.2.2.1 Manual Call Point at PAM Centre (Feliciana Sofian, 2019)
Manual call point is usually connected to a central fire alarm panel which is in turn connected to an alarm
system in the building. They are used to initiate an alarm signal, and operate by means of a simple button
press or when glass is broken revealing a button.
The maximum distance anyone should have to travel in order to activate a manual call point is 45m, and
they are placed approximately 1.4m above the ground. Manual Call Points should be located on escape
routes and, in particular, at all storey exits and all exits to open air (whether or not the exits are specified
fire exits), So that itis impossible to leave the storey or the building without passing a manual call point
Figure 6.4.2.2.2 Manual Fire Alarm Pull Station at PAM Centre (Feliciana Sofian, 2019)
For manual fire alarm pull station, it is located 1.4m above the ground below the generator room control
panel. The user activates the alarm by pulling the handle down, which completes a circuit and locks the
handle in the activated position, sending an alarm to the fire alarm control panel.
There are 2 types of fire alarm control panel:
(1) Single-Action Station
gle-action boxes require only one action to operate ( a single pull on a lever)
-This kind of alarm station is often found indoors, (in office buildings). When the cover is pulled
down, it sends the alarm signal
(1) Double-Action Station
Double or dual-action boxes require two actions — breaking glass and pull
‘The double action station is used in PAM Center, as to prevent accidental operation.
UBBL 1984
Part Vil: Fire Alarms, Fire Detection, Fire Extinguishment, and Fire Fighting Access
Section 155: Fire Mode of Operation
(1) The fire mode of operation shall be initiated by a signal from the fire alarm panel which may be
activated automatically by one of the alarm devices in the building or manually.
‘THE NEW PAM CENTRE, BANGSAR, a2 ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
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Diagram 6.4.2.2.3. Floor plans showing the locations of manual call point (Feliciana Sofian, 2019) )
‘THE NEW PAM CENTRE, BANGSAR ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
6.4.2.3 MAIN FIRE ALARM PANEL
ane
Wace
Figure 6.4.2.3.1 Figure 6.4.2.3.2 Figure 6.4.2.3.3
Conti panel room in PAM ——«CO2panelin PAM Gentre G85 Conta panel in TN room
main bulding (eleiana Sofan, 2019) (Feliciana Sofian. 2019)
(Feliciana Sofian, 2019)
The panel has multiple functions’
= Monitors integrity of system circuits and devices cone eae canine
= Processes input signals from initiating devices cian ieee
- Drives notification appliances (eliciana Sofian, 2019)
s Provides an interface with other system
= Powers power supply
AA fire control panel is a “brain’, which is a component that offers control through a fire alarm or notification
system. Throughout the building, sensors are installed. When a fire starts, a smoke detector, heat detector,
hand-activated pull switch, or manual call point sends a signal to a fire panel. Fire sprinkler systems
equipped with alarm pressure switch can also transmit a signal to the panel when water begins to flow
through an activated sprinkler system.
UBBL 1984
Part VII: Fire Alarms, Fire Detection, Fire Extinguishment, and Fire Fighting Access
Section 155: Fire Mode of Operation
(1) The fire mode of operation shall be initiated by a signal from the fire alarm panel which may be
activated automatically by one of the alarm devices in the building or manually
(2) If mains power is available all lifts shall return in sequence directly to the designated floor,
commencing with the fire lifts, without answering any car or landing calls, overriding the
emergency stop button inside the car, but not any other emergency or safety devices, and park
with doors open.
The fire lifts shall then be available for use by the fire brigade on operation of the fireman's
switch,
Under this mode of operation, the fire lifts shall only operate in response to car calls but not to
landing calls in a mode of operation in accordance with by-law 154.
In the event of mains power failure, all lifts shall return in sequence directly to the designated
floor and operate under emergency power as described under paragraphs (2) to (4).
Section 238: Command and Control Centre.
Every large premises or buildings exceeding 30.5 metres in height shall be provided with a command
and control centre located on the designated floor and shall contain a panel to monitor the public
address, fire brigade communication, sprinkler, waterflow detectors, fire detection and alarm systems
and with a direct telephone connection to the appropriate fire station by-passing the switchboard.
‘THE NEW PAM CENTRE, BANGSAR
38 ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
There are 4 control panels in PAM Centre:
(1) Main Control Panel
-Located in control room (Lower ground floor of PAM building)
(1) CO2 Control Panel for LV Room
(2) CO2 Control Panel for Generator Room
(3) 1GS5 Control Panel for TNB Room
MAIN CONTROL.
oul
ere Ror mW ae rtm ae IG55 CONTROL PANEL
arr) (GENERATOR ROOM) (TNB ROOM)
These 3 rooms are equipped with smoke and heat detectors and its own control panel.
When the alarm is triggered, these control panel will sent the notification to main control
panel, but not giving signals to the whole PAM building,
Diagram 6.4,2.3.5 The CO2 control panel and IG5S control panel are connected to the main control panel
(Lina Tiong, 2020)
MASTER CONTROL CONSOLE
Zone Control Modules
Master control console consists zone control
modules, master headset and system control
module. The master headset is used to
communicate with remote headsets which installed
each floors. The zone control module provides
connection between thermostats and their
respective zone valves; and the connection
between the end switches and the pump or boiler
relay. A system control module is made up of
eal detectors, operates as a single entity and performs
motile the basic control function.
Figure 6.4.2.3.6 Master control console in PAM
Centre (Feliciana Sofian, 2019)
THE NEW PAM CENTRE, BANGSAR_ J a$$ 3g ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
Py
=
Located inside the control room
Diagram 6.4.2.3.7 Location of main control pane! (Feliciana Sofian, 2019) )
LVROOM
Diagram 6.4.2.3.8 Location of CO2 control panels (Feliciana Sofan, 2019)) | Located outside the room
px
Diagram 6.4.2.3.9 Location of GI5S control panel _(Feliciana Sofian, 2018) | Located outside the room
bt
e e a a
Diagram 6.4.2.3.10 Lower ground floor showing location of master control console _(Feliciana Sofian, 2018) )
THE NEW PAM CENTRE, BANGSAR, a7 ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
6.4.2.4 FIRE EMERGENCY LIGHT
Figure 6.4.2.4.1 Fire emergency light at PAM Centre (Feliciana Sofian, 2019)
Emergency Lighting is provided to ensure that the escape route is illuminated at all material times, helos
emergency first responders and essential maintenance personnel to locate fire fighting equipment to put
ut fires and support safety efforts. It also perform necessary functions such as shutting down equipment
oF operations that could become & hazardin the event of fie
Escape lighting luminaires should be sited to cover the following locations: all exit points and along
egress pathways such as corridors, stairs, ramps, zisles, and other emnergency evacuation routes. ( Building
codes in Malaysia ). Any emergency lights should be legible from a distance of at least 30m under normal
lighting and emergency conditions.
‘The two types of emergency lights used in the PAM centre are:
- Open area lighting
— provided to minimise panic and ensure sufficient illumination
- Escape route lighting
= provided to ensure that the means of escape can be effectively identified and safely used at all
times when the premises are occupied.
UBBL 1984
Part VII: Fire Alarms, Fire Detection, Fire Extinguishment, and Fire Fighting Access
Section 172: Emergency Exit Signs
Storey exits and access to such exits shall be marked by readily visible signs and shall not be
‘obscured by any decoration, furnishings or other equipment
A sign reading ‘KELUAR" with an arrow indicating the direction shall be placed in every location
wiere the direction of travel to reach the nearest exit is not immediately apparent
Every exit sign shall have the word "KELUAR’ in plainly legible letters not less than 150 millimetres
high with the principal strokes of the letters not less than 18 millimetres wide. The lettering shall be
in ted against a black background,
Allexit signs shall be illuminated continuously during periods of occupancy.
Iiuminated signs shall be provided with two electric lamps of not less than fifteen watts each
‘THE NEW PAM CENTRE, BANGSAR ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
‘The emergency lightings in the PAM building can be found in:
- Open areas
- _ Emergency exits and escape routes
- External areas in immediate vicinity of exits
- Lift oars
- Stairways and walkways
- Toilets
- Switch rooms and plant rooms
- Car park
- Surau
- TNB
- Low Voltage Room
- Control Pane! Room
- Roof top
UBBL 1984
Tenth Schedule: Table of Requirements for Fire Extinguishment Alarm Systems and Emergency
Lighting
Occupancy hazard Emergency Lighting
IV OFFICES
4 Storeys and less or less than 1000 sq.m gross floor area
5 Storeys and over or exceeding 100 sq.m
Exceeding 18m but less than 10000 sq.m.
Exceeding 30m or 10000 sq.m
Note:
‘Types of Energy Illumination:
(a) Signal point units
(b) Generators
The height of PAM Center exceeds 18m but less than 30m, hence the types of Energy Illumination that
required for the building is generators as the power supply when the normal electricity is off.
THE NEW PAM CENTRE, BANGSAR_ 39 6.4.2.5 FIREMAN SWITCH
Figure 6.4.2.5.1 Location of fireman switch (Feliciana Sofian, 2019)
A Fireman's switch is an electrical isolation switch located within a staircase enclosure to permit the
disconnection of electrical power supply to the relevant floor.
The switch is mounted in a conspicuous position not more than 2m from the ground. Therefore, only
fireman can access and use it by special Key. It is coloured red and have a label in lettering at least 13
mm high 'FIREMAN'S SWITCH’. On and off positions are clearly marked, and the OFF position is at the
top. A lock or catch should is provided to prevent accidental reclosure.
‘These switches are installed below the alarm bell and fire control panel, at both stairway of each floor in
PAM Centre.
UBBL 1984
Part VII: Fire Alarms, Fire Detection, Fire Extinguishment, and Fire Fighting Access
Section 133 Interpretation : Fire Requirement
(1) *Fireman’s switch” means a switch located adjacent to the fire lift by the designated floor to
enable the fire brigade to gain control of the fire lifts.
Section 240 : Electrical Isolation Switch
(1) Every floor or zone of any floor with a net area exceeding 929 square metres shall be provided
with an electrical isolation switch located within a staircase enclosure to permit the
disconnection of electrical power supply to the relevant floor or zone served.
(2) The switch shall be of a type similar to the fireman's switch specified in the Institution of
Electrical Engineers Regulations then in force.
FEPPSS SH
Diagram 6.4.2.5.2 Lower ground floor showing the location of freman switch (Feliciana Sofian, 2019) )
SY NEW RAR. CENTRE, BANG@SAR_ $$
ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
40 ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
Diagram 6.4.2.5.3 Section showing the location of fireman switch (Lina Tiong, 2020)
THE NEW PAM CENTRE, BANGSAR, ee ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
6.4.2.6 VOICE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
6.4.2.6.1 VOICE ALARM SYSTEM
fe
Figuro 6.4.2.6.1.3,
Figuro 64 Figure 6.4.2.6.1.2
‘Speaker at ceiling in PAM Centre Hom on wall in PAM Gente ag Fl
(Feliciana Sofian, 2019) (eliciana Sofian, 2019) (Feticiana Sofan, 2018)
‘The main objective of alarm systems is to save lives by warning in time about a dangerous situation.
Combining an alarm signal with a voice message and instructing occupants as to what to do has proven
to be much more effective in getting people to a safe area.
There are 2 types of voice alarm system that used in PAM Center: Speakers and Homs
(1) Speaker
Emergency voice speaker is a rugged sound projector ideally suited for use in interior spaces
every floor in PAM Center.
(1) Horn
Horns are designed for installation in outdoor or ambient temperature areas where a wide angle
of coverage is required. It is located at car park, open area, electrical and mechanical rooms, and
rooftop.
UBBL 1984
Part VII: Fire Alarms, Fire Detection, Fire Extinguishment, and Fire Fighting Access
Section 239: Voice communication system
‘There shall be two separate approved continuously electrically supervised voice communications
systems, one a fire brigade communications system and the other a public address system between
the central control station and the following areas:
a) _ lifts lift lobbies, corridors and staircases;
b) _ in every office area exceeding 92.9 square metres in area;
c) in each dwelling unit and hotel guest room where the fire brigade system may be combined
with the public address system.
‘THE NEW PAM CENTRE, BANGSAR, rn ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
6.4.2.6 VOICE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
6.4.2.6.2 FIREMAN INTERCOM SYSTEM
Firemen intercom system in PAM Centre provides a two-way
‘communication:
(1) Remote Telephone Headset(s)
-To communicate critical information between firefighters
during emergency for fire evacuation purposes.
-located in the building aR)
-located at both stairway of each floor and lift lobbies
NUL)
(1) Master Telephone Headset
-Direct link to Jabatan Bomba D
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